|
1
|
Elgarhy O, Alam MM, Tammets A, Roosipuu P, Ancāns G, Saidāns G, Tutovs J, Saliņš K, Vērdiņš A, Aleksandrovs M, Peršēvics A, Zariņš D, Uusmaa M, Uhtlik O, Soom P. Cost-Efficient Network Planning for the Cross-Border Baltic Corridor-A Study. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:8111. [PMID: 37836947 PMCID: PMC10574887 DOI: 10.3390/s23198111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Performing 5G coverage planning across borders introduces real-life challenges related to legalities, intercountry agreements, and binding documents. This work provides RF network modelling exercise results to provide uninterrupted 5G coverage to the Via Baltica and Rail Baltica transport corridors crossing Estonia and Latvia and on the border with Lithuania, as well as the Tallinn-Tartu-Valga and Valka-Valga roads (Latvia-Estonia), capable of cross-border 5G services. The study starts by identifying and interviewing stakeholders from different sectors of operation in the Baltic states and Europe and then provides an overview of some of the main legal acts and documents regulating the electronic communications sector in the Baltic states and Europe. Furthermore, 5G network requirements are proposed. In addition, the necessary and existing passive and active infrastructure is described, including spectrum management-related analysis, where the RF bands 700 MHz and 3500 MHz are analysed. Finally, coverage planning is performed. The network modelling results aim to foresee the number of new sites that need to be built on the said transport corridors, also examining the existing infrastructure for such purposes. Additionally, an estimated timeline for building the new sites is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osama Elgarhy
- Thomas Johann Seebeck Department of Electronics, Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.M.A.); (P.R.)
| | - Muhammad Mahtab Alam
- Thomas Johann Seebeck Department of Electronics, Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.M.A.); (P.R.)
| | - Anet Tammets
- Thomas Johann Seebeck Department of Electronics, Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.M.A.); (P.R.)
| | - Priit Roosipuu
- Thomas Johann Seebeck Department of Electronics, Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.M.A.); (P.R.)
| | - Guntis Ancāns
- “Electronic Communications Office of Latvia” SJSC, Eksporta iela 5, LV-1010 Rīga, Latvia; (G.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Guntars Saidāns
- “Electronic Communications Office of Latvia” SJSC, Eksporta iela 5, LV-1010 Rīga, Latvia; (G.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Jurijs Tutovs
- “Electronic Communications Office of Latvia” SJSC, Eksporta iela 5, LV-1010 Rīga, Latvia; (G.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Klāvs Saliņš
- “Electronic Communications Office of Latvia” SJSC, Eksporta iela 5, LV-1010 Rīga, Latvia; (G.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Aleksandrs Vērdiņš
- “Electronic Communications Office of Latvia” SJSC, Eksporta iela 5, LV-1010 Rīga, Latvia; (G.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Māris Aleksandrovs
- “Electronic Communications Office of Latvia” SJSC, Eksporta iela 5, LV-1010 Rīga, Latvia; (G.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Arnis Peršēvics
- “Electronic Communications Office of Latvia” SJSC, Eksporta iela 5, LV-1010 Rīga, Latvia; (G.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Dainis Zariņš
- “Electronic Communications Office of Latvia” SJSC, Eksporta iela 5, LV-1010 Rīga, Latvia; (G.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Mart Uusmaa
- Telia Eesti AS, Mustamäe tee 3, 15033 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ove Uhtlik
- Elisa Eesti AS, Sopruse pst. 145, 13425 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Priit Soom
- Eesti Lairiba Arenduse Sihtasutus (ELASA), Narva maantee 5, 10117 Tallinn, Estonia;
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Velez G, Martín Á, Pastor G, Mutafungwa E. 5G Beyond 3GPP Release 15 for Connected Automated Mobility in Cross-Border Contexts. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:s20226622. [PMID: 33228020 PMCID: PMC7699328 DOI: 10.3390/s20226622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks aim to be qualified as the core connectivity infrastructures to address connected automated mobility (CAM), both from a technological and from a business perspective, for the higher automation levels defined by the automotive industry. Specifically, in some territories such as the European Union the cross-border corridors have relevance, as they are the cohesive paths for terrestrial transport. Therefore, 5G for CAM applications is planned to be deployed there first. However, cross-border contexts imply paramount communication challenges, such as seamless roaming, not addressed by current technology. This paper identifies relevant future 5G enhancements, specifically those specified by Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) releases beyond Release 15, and outlines how they will support the ambitions of highly automated driving in cross-border corridors. In order to conduct this study, a set of representative use cases and the related communication requirements were identified. Then, for each use case, the most relevant 5G features were proposed. Some open issues are described at the end.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gorka Velez
- Vicomtech Foundation, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Mikeletegi 57, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-943-309230
| | - Ángel Martín
- Vicomtech Foundation, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Mikeletegi 57, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;
| | - Giancarlo Pastor
- Department of Communications & Networking, Aalto University School of Electrical Engineering, P.O. Box 15600, FI-02150 Aalto, Finland; (G.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Edward Mutafungwa
- Department of Communications & Networking, Aalto University School of Electrical Engineering, P.O. Box 15600, FI-02150 Aalto, Finland; (G.P.); (E.M.)
| |
Collapse
|