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Brunßen D, Suter B. Effects of unstable β-PheRS on food avoidance, growth, and development are suppressed by the appetite hormone CCHa2. Fly (Austin) 2024; 18:2308737. [PMID: 38374657 PMCID: PMC10880493 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2024.2308737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Amino acyl-tRNA synthetases perform diverse non-canonical functions aside from their essential role in charging tRNAs with their cognate amino acid. The phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (PheRS/FARS) is an α2β2 tetramer that is needed for charging the tRNAPhe for its translation activity. Fragments of the α-subunit have been shown to display an additional, translation-independent, function that activates growth and proliferation and counteracts Notch signalling. Here we show in Drosophila that overexpressing the β-subunit in the context of the complete PheRS leads to larval roaming, food avoidance, slow growth, and a developmental delay that can last several days and even prevents pupation. These behavioural and developmental phenotypes are induced by PheRS expression in CCHa2+ and Pros+ cells. Simultaneous expression of β-PheRS, α-PheRS, and the appetite-inducing CCHa2 peptide rescued these phenotypes, linking this β-PheRS activity to the appetite-controlling pathway. The fragmentation dynamic of the excessive β-PheRS points to β-PheRS fragments as possible candidate inducers of these phenotypes. Because fragmentation of human FARS has also been observed in human cells and mutations in human β-PheRS (FARSB) can lead to problems in gaining weight, Drosophila β-PheRS can also serve as a model for the human phenotype and possibly also for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beat Suter
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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2
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Ma GC, McLeod LJ. Understanding the Factors Influencing Cat Containment: Identifying Opportunities for Behaviour Change. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101630. [PMID: 37238060 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
There are over 5 million pet cats in Australia managed on a spectrum from fully indoors to completely outdoor free roaming. Roaming cats threaten biodiversity, can create a nuisance and are at risk of accidents and injury. Hence, there is substantial interest in behaviour change interventions to increase cat containment. An online questionnaire collected information on cat owner demographics, the number of cats owned, current containment behaviours and an agreement with 15 capability, opportunity and motivation (COM) items. Responses were received from 4482 cat owners. More than half (65%) indicated that they currently keep their cat(s) fully contained. Another 24% practiced a night curfew. Owners' psychological capability had the greatest influence on containment behaviour. Motivation (community- and cat welfare-framed), living in an apartment and renting were also associated with a greater likelihood of containment. Cat owners not currently containing their cats could be divided into six profiles who differed on agreement with COM themes, age, future intentions, current behaviour, location and gender. Understanding differences between cat owner segments can assist with designing behaviour change interventions. Increasing cat owners' psychological capability to contain their cats and encouraging the adoption of a night curfew as a first step towards 24 h containment are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma C Ma
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals New South Wales, Yagoona, NSW 2199, Australia
| | - Lynette J McLeod
- School of Psychology, Speech & Hearing, The University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
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Arthur-Baidoo E, Ameixa J, Ončák M, Denifl S. Ring-Selective Fragmentation in the Tirapazamine Molecule upon Low-Energy Electron Attachment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063159. [PMID: 33808887 PMCID: PMC8003736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate dissociative electron attachment to tirapazamine through a crossed electron-molecule beam experiment and quantum chemical calculations. After the electron is attached and the resulting anion reaches the first excited state, D1, we suggest a fast transition into the ground electronic state through a conical intersection with a distorted triazine ring that almost coincides with the minimum in the D1 state. Through analysis of all observed dissociative pathways producing heavier ions (90-161 u), we consider the predissociation of an OH radical with possible roaming mechanism to be the common first step. This destabilizes the triazine ring and leads to dissociation of highly stable nitrogen-containing species. The benzene ring is not altered during the process. Dissociation of small anionic fragments (NO2-, CN2-, CN-, NH2-, O-) cannot be conclusively linked to the OH predissociation mechanism; however, they again do not require dissociation of the benzene ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Arthur-Baidoo
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25/3, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (E.A.-B.); (J.A.)
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25/3, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Joao Ameixa
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25/3, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (E.A.-B.); (J.A.)
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25/3, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Atomic and Molecular Collisions Laboratory, Department of Physics, CEFITEC, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25/3, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (E.A.-B.); (J.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.O.); (S.D.)
| | - Stephan Denifl
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25/3, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (E.A.-B.); (J.A.)
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25/3, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence: (M.O.); (S.D.)
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Velez G, Martín Á, Pastor G, Mutafungwa E. 5G Beyond 3GPP Release 15 for Connected Automated Mobility in Cross-Border Contexts. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:s20226622. [PMID: 33228020 PMCID: PMC7699328 DOI: 10.3390/s20226622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks aim to be qualified as the core connectivity infrastructures to address connected automated mobility (CAM), both from a technological and from a business perspective, for the higher automation levels defined by the automotive industry. Specifically, in some territories such as the European Union the cross-border corridors have relevance, as they are the cohesive paths for terrestrial transport. Therefore, 5G for CAM applications is planned to be deployed there first. However, cross-border contexts imply paramount communication challenges, such as seamless roaming, not addressed by current technology. This paper identifies relevant future 5G enhancements, specifically those specified by Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) releases beyond Release 15, and outlines how they will support the ambitions of highly automated driving in cross-border corridors. In order to conduct this study, a set of representative use cases and the related communication requirements were identified. Then, for each use case, the most relevant 5G features were proposed. Some open issues are described at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorka Velez
- Vicomtech Foundation, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Mikeletegi 57, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-943-309230
| | - Ángel Martín
- Vicomtech Foundation, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Mikeletegi 57, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;
| | - Giancarlo Pastor
- Department of Communications & Networking, Aalto University School of Electrical Engineering, P.O. Box 15600, FI-02150 Aalto, Finland; (G.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Edward Mutafungwa
- Department of Communications & Networking, Aalto University School of Electrical Engineering, P.O. Box 15600, FI-02150 Aalto, Finland; (G.P.); (E.M.)
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Yao LP, Zhang L, Mei J, Ding FB, Li HM, Ding M, Yang X, Li XM, Sun K. A pilot study of a cardiovascular virtual endoscopy system based on multi-detector computed tomography in diagnosing tetralogy of Fallot in pediatric patients. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:1552-1559. [PMID: 29434740 PMCID: PMC5776613 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the capabilities of the cardiovascular virtual endoscopy (VE) system in diagnosing tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and performing measurements. A total of 37 patients underwent two-dimensional echocardiography (2-DE) and multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) examinations. The obtained MDCT images were applied to a cardiovascular VE system. Diagnostic time by VE was first studied and compared with MDCT. Subsequently, with surgical findings as the ground truth, the capabilities of VE, 2-DE and MDCT in diagnosing TOF and its complications were investigated. Additionally, measurements on aorta overriding ratio and diameters for the left pulmonary artery, right pulmonary artery and right ventricular outflow tract by 2-DE and VE were analyzed. Diagnostic time by VE was significantly shorter than MDCT (188±42 vs. 303±42 sec, respectively; P<0.0001). VE, MDCT and 2-DE demonstrated comparable diagnostic rates of TOF (35/37 vs. 34/37 vs. 32/37, respectively; P>0.05). Similar findings were demonstrated in diagnosing complications of the muscular ventricular septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, vagus subclavian artery, right arch, double superior vena cava and pulmonary artery. Furthermore, in diagnosing the atrial septal defect, 2-DE outperformed MDCT and VE (accuracy, 100 vs. 81 vs. 73%, respectively; all P<0.05). In performing relevant measurements, VE outperformed MDCT and 2-DE, particularly in accessing aorta overriding ratios with no intra-operator difference (P=0.3770) and high consistency (r=0.916). In conclusion, cardiovascular VE was demonstrated to have acceptable accuracy in diagnosing TOF, and possess advantages in shortening the diagnostic time and in performing measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Ju Mei
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Bao Ding
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Ming Li
- Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Ming Ding
- Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Automation, Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ming Li
- Healthcare Department, Philips Research China, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Kun Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
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Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Hommel B, Zhang H. The Impact of Bodily States on Divergent Thinking: Evidence for a Control-Depletion Account. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1546. [PMID: 29033862 PMCID: PMC5626876 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given previous evidence that bodily states can impact basic cognitive processes, we asked whether such impact can also be demonstrated for creative cognition. In particular, we had participants perform a design improvement task and a consequences imagination task while standing up, walking in a predetermined pattern, or walking freely. Results show better divergent-thinking performance with unconstrained than with constrained walking, and better performance for walking than for standing. A second experiment assessed performance in an alternative uses task and a figural combination task while participants were lying, sitting, or standing. Results showed better performance when standing up than when lying or sitting. Taken altogether, these observations provide evidence for an approach in terms of cognitive-control depletion: the more a bodily activity exhausts control resources, the better divergent thinking can unfold, presumably because reduced top-down control brings more ideas into play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Emily Carr University of Art and Design, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bernhard Hommel
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Wang X, Houston PL, Bowman JM. A new (multi-reference configuration interaction) potential energy surface for H 2CO and preliminary studies of roaming. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2017; 375:20160194. [PMID: 28320899 PMCID: PMC5360895 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2016.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a new global potential energy surface (PES) for H2CO, based on precise fitting of roughly 67 000 MRCI/cc-pVTZ energies. This PES describes the global minimum, the cis- and trans-HCOH isomers, and barriers relevant to isomerization, formation of the molecular (H2+CO) and radical (H+HCO) products, and the loose so-called roaming transition-state saddle point. The key features of the PES are reviewed and compared with a previous PES, denoted by PES04, based on five local fits that are 'stitched' together by switching functions (Zhang et al. 2004 J. Phys. Chem. A108, 8980-8986 (doi:10.1021/jp048339l)). Preliminary quasi-classical trajectory calculations are performed at the total energy of 36 233 cm-1 (103 kcal mol-1), relative to the H2CO global minimum, using the new PES, with a particular focus on roaming dynamics. When compared with the results from PES04, the new PES findings show similar rotational distributions, somewhat more roaming and substantially higher H2 vibrational excitation.This article is part of the themed issue 'Theoretical and computational studies of non-equilibrium and non-statistical dynamics in the gas phase, in the condensed phase and at interfaces'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Paul L Houston
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, NY 14852, USA
| | - Joel M Bowman
- Department of Chemistry, and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Prozument K, Suleimanov YV, Buesser B, Oldham JM, Green WH, Suits AG, Field RW. A Signature of Roaming Dynamics in the Thermal Decomposition of Ethyl Nitrite: Chirped-Pulse Rotational Spectroscopy and Kinetic Modeling. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:3641-3648. [PMID: 26278732 DOI: 10.1021/jz501758p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chirped-pulse (CP) Fourier transform rotational spectroscopy is uniquely suited for near-universal quantitative detection and structural characterization of mixtures that contain multiple molecular and radical species. In this work, we employ CP spectroscopy to measure product branching and extract information about the reaction mechanism, guided by kinetic modeling. Pyrolysis of ethyl nitrite, CH3CH2ONO, is studied in a Chen type flash pyrolysis reactor at temperatures of 1000-1800 K. The branching between HNO, CH2O, and CH3CHO products is measured and compared to the kinetic models generated by the Reaction Mechanism Generator software. We find that roaming CH3CH2ONO → CH3CHO + HNO plays an important role in the thermal decomposition of ethyl nitrite, with its rate, at 1000 K, comparable to that of the radical elimination channel CH3CH2ONO → CH3CH2O + NO. HNO is a signature of roaming in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beat Buesser
- §IBM Research, Smarter Cities Technology Centre, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - James M Oldham
- ∥Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | | | - Arthur G Suits
- ∥Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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Tsai PY, Hung KC, Li HK, Lin KC. Photodissociation of Propionaldehyde at 248 nm: Roaming Pathway as an Increasingly Important Role in Large Aliphatic Aldehydes. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:190-195. [PMID: 26276201 DOI: 10.1021/jz402329g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved Fourier transform infrared emission spectroscopy is employed in the photolysis of propionaldehyde (CH3CH2CHO) at 248 nm to characterize the role of the roaming pathway. High-resolution spectra of CO are analyzed to yield a single Boltzmann rotational distribution for each vibrational level (ν = 1-4) with small rotational and large vibrational energy disposals. A roaming saddle point is found containing two far separated moieties of HCO and CH3CH2 with a weak interaction between them. Quasiclassical trajectory calculations on this configuration yield the CO energy flow behavior, consistent with the findings. The rate constant along the roaming pathway is evaluated to be larger by >1-2 orders of magnitude than those along tight transition state or three-body dissociation pathways. This work implies that the roaming mechanism plays an increasingly important role in aliphatic aldehydes as the molecular size becomes larger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yu Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University and Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chan Hung
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University and Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Hou-Kuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University and Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - King-Chuen Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University and Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Maeda S, Taketsugu T, Morokuma K. Automated Exploration of Photolytic Channels of HCOOH: Conformational Memory via Excited-State Roaming. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:1900-1907. [PMID: 26292011 DOI: 10.1021/jz300728q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the photodissociation mechanism of HCOOH, we systematically explored reaction pathways starting from the first excited singlet state (S1) by using automated reaction path search methods. All critical points, that is, minima, transition states, minimum energy conical intersections, and minima on seam of crossing, for the S0, T1, and S1 potential energy surfaces (PESs) obtained in the present search were optimized at the CASPT2 level. The structure list obtained by the search explained all experimentally reported photolytic channels. A new mechanism for the previously suggested but unexplained conformational memory in the 193 nm photolysis is proposed, which involves two steps: partial dissociation and succeeding roaming of one of H atoms on the S1 PES, followed by intramolecular recombination on the S0 PES after radiationless transition through a conical intersection at a partially dissociated geometry. This is partially similar to the excited-state roaming recently discovered for the NO3 radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Maeda
- †Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- †Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Keiji Morokuma
- ‡Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
- §Department of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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Thomas JO, Lower KE, Murray C. Observation of NH X(3)Σ(-) as a Primary Product of Methylamine Photodissociation: Evidence of Roaming-Mediated Intersystem Crossing? J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:1341-1345. [PMID: 26286780 DOI: 10.1021/jz300408z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
3+1 Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization and photofragment excitation spectroscopy have been used to identify NH X(3)Σ(-) as a primary product of methylamine photodissociation after state-specific excitation to the S1 state. On the basis of standard thermochemical data, NH X(3)Σ(-) can be formed only in conjunction with closed-shell CH4 coproducts, indicating that dissociation must occur on the T1 surface. It is proposed that the mechanism for the formation of triplet NH and CH4 involves intramolecular abstraction between frustrated radical products and is an example of roaming-mediated intersystem crossing.
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Affiliation(s)
- James O Thomas
- ‡School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Katherine E Lower
- ‡School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Craig Murray
- †School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
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