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Pipitò L, Cascio A. Acute Cytomegalovirus Infection Associated With Erythema Multiforme-Like Eruption: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e54540. [PMID: 38516453 PMCID: PMC10956636 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus infection usually proceeds asymptomatically in immunocompetent patients. In symptomatic forms, mononucleosis syndrome is the most common manifestation. However, atypical cases of cytomegalovirus infections in immunocompetent subjects are reported in the literature. Here, we describe a case of cytomegalovirus-related mononucleosis syndrome that presented with an atypical erythema multiforme-like skin rash and high fever. Very few cases have been described in the literature previously. In our case, the diagnosis was supported by specific serology, and human cytomegalovirus DNA was detected in the blood sample. The clinical picture resolved without the administration of antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pipitò
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "G D'Alessandro, University of Palermo, AOUP P. Giaccone, Palermo, ITA
| | - Antonio Cascio
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "G D'Alessandro, University of Palermo, AOUP P. Giaccone, Palermo, ITA
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Yoshida S, Sako Y, Nikaido E, Ueda T, Kozono I, Ichihashi Y, Nakahashi A, Onishi M, Yamatsu Y, Kato T, Nishikawa J, Tachibana Y. Peptide-to-Small Molecule: Discovery of Non-Covalent, Active-Site Inhibitors of β-Herpesvirus Proteases. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1558-1566. [PMID: 37974946 PMCID: PMC10641906 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral proteases, the key enzymes that regulate viral replication and assembly, are promising targets for antiviral drug discovery. Herpesvirus proteases are enzymes with no crystallographically confirmed noncovalent active-site binders, owing to their shallow and polar substrate-binding pockets. Here, we applied our previously reported "Peptide-to-Small Molecule" strategy to generate novel inhibitors of β-herpesvirus proteases. Rapid selection with a display technology was used to identify macrocyclic peptide 1 bound to the active site of human cytomegalovirus protease (HCMVPro) with high affinity, and pharmacophore queries were defined based on the results of subsequent intermolecular interaction analyses. Membrane-permeable small molecule 19, designed de novo according to this hypothesis, exhibited enzyme inhibitory activity (IC50 = 10-6 to 10-7 M) against β-herpesvirus proteases, and the design concept was proved by X-ray cocrystal analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Yoshida
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Shionogi Pharmaceutical
Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sako
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Shionogi Pharmaceutical
Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Eiji Nikaido
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Shionogi Pharmaceutical
Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Taichi Ueda
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Shionogi Pharmaceutical
Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Iori Kozono
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Shionogi Pharmaceutical
Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ichihashi
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Shionogi Pharmaceutical
Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Atsufumi Nakahashi
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Shionogi Pharmaceutical
Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Motoyasu Onishi
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Shionogi Pharmaceutical
Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Yukiko Yamatsu
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Shionogi Pharmaceutical
Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Kato
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Shionogi Pharmaceutical
Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Junichi Nishikawa
- PeptiDream
Inc., 3-25-23 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Yuki Tachibana
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Shionogi Pharmaceutical
Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
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Abstract
Patients diagnosed with high grade serous ovarian adenocarcinoma have a poor prognosis. Recently human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been detected in several tumors. Here, we evaluated HCMV in ovarian cancer tissue specimens obtained at pre- and postchemotherapy tumor resection.Available paraffin embedded ovarian cancer tissues from matched pre- and postchemotherapy tumor resection specimens (i.e., diagnostic excisional biopsy prechemotherapy; DEBPC) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval debulking surgery (NACT + IDS) from 10 patients with stage IIIC-IV high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGS) diagnosed between years 2007 and 2008 at Karolinska University Hospital were examined for HCMV immediate-early protein (HCMV-IE), tegument protein pp65, and nucleic acid (β2.7) by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.HCMV-IE and pp65 were detected in 8/10 (80%), 4/9 (44%) and in 4/10 (40%), 5/8 in ovarian cancer tissue specimens from DEBPC and NACT + IDS, respectively. HCMV-β2.7 was detected in all available tissue sections obtained from DEBPC and NACT + IDS. Patients with HCMV-IE or pp65 positive cells in their ovarian tumors at IDS after NACT had a median overall survival of 23.4 and 18.2 months, respectively, compared to 29.6 and 54 months, respectively, in those who did not express HCMV proteins in their tumors.In conclusion, HCMV proteins and nucleic acids are frequently detected at different levels in HGS ovarian carcinoma. Despite the limitation of our study, shorter median overall survival of patients with HCMV-IE and pp65 in their tumor highlights the need to further investigate the role of HCMV in ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W. Carlson
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Institute for Oncology-Pathology
| | - Angelique Flöter Rådestad
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska University Hospital
| | - Cecilia Söderberg-Naucler
- Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Microbial Pathogenesis and Department of Neurology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Afsar Rahbar
- Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Microbial Pathogenesis and Department of Neurology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is very common and latency can be reactivated in the future. And it can alter the intracellular environment, similar to other herpesviruses, for viral replication and survival. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of HCMV infection on autophagy in human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1 cells). METHODS Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blot, and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to examine autophagy level. The concentrations of autophagy-related proteins Beclin 1, Atg5, and the light chain three (LC3) were counted when compared with actin level. RESULTS The expression levels of Beclin1, Atg5, and LC3II mRNAs increased gradually between 1 and 5 days(d) postinfection (p.i.) and subsequently decreased little by little when compared with the control THP-1 cells. However, results of western blot analysis displayed that the level of LC3II increased gradually after 1 day p.i. and decreased at 7 days after infection. But the levels of Atg5 and Beclin1 increased gradually after 2 days p.i. and began to decrease at 5 days after infection, respectively. CONCLUSION These results suggested that HCMV infection can facilitate the autophagy and autophagy level may decrease in latent phase. More studies on the relationship between HCMV latency and autophagy are needed to determine the role of autophagy in HCMV latent infection that may help find out a therapeutic approach for clinical treatment.
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Zydek M, Petitt M, Fang-Hoover J, Adler B, Kauvar LM, Pereira L, Tabata T. HCMV infection of human trophoblast progenitor cells of the placenta is neutralized by a human monoclonal antibody to glycoprotein B and not by antibodies to the pentamer complex. Viruses 2014; 6:1346-64. [PMID: 24651029 PMCID: PMC3970154 DOI: 10.3390/v6031346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the major viral cause of congenital infection and birth defects. Primary maternal infection often results in virus transmission, and symptomatic babies can have permanent neurological deficiencies and deafness. Congenital infection can also lead to intrauterine growth restriction, a defect in placental transport. HCMV replicates in primary cytotrophoblasts (CTBs), the specialized cells of the placenta, and inhibits differentiation/invasion. Human trophoblast progenitor cells (TBPCs) give rise to the mature cell types of the chorionic villi, CTBs and multi-nucleated syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs). Here we report that TBPCs are fully permissive for pathogenic and attenuated HCMV strains. Studies with a mutant virus lacking a functional pentamer complex (gH/gL/pUL128-131A) showed that virion entry into TBPCs is independent of the pentamer. In addition, infection is blocked by a potent human neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb), TRL345, reactive with glycoprotein B (gB), but not mAbs to the pentamer proteins pUL130/pUL131A. Functional studies revealed that neutralization of infection preserved the capacity of TBPCs to differentiate and assemble into trophospheres composed of CTBs and STBs in vitro. Our results indicate that mAbs to gB protect trophoblast progenitors of the placenta and could be included in antibody treatments developed to suppress congenital infection and prevent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Zydek
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Matthew Petitt
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - June Fang-Hoover
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Barbara Adler
- Division of Virology, Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 9A, D-80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Lawrence M Kauvar
- Trellis Bioscience, LLC, 2-B Corporate Drive, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Lenore Pereira
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Takako Tabata
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Novikov MS, Babkov DA, Paramonova MP, Khandazhinskaya AL, Ozerov AA, Chizhov AO, Andrei G, Snoeck R, Balzarini J, Seley-Radtke KL. Synthesis and anti- HCMV activity of 1-[ω-(phenoxy)alkyl]uracil derivatives and analogues thereof. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:4151-7. [PMID: 23743443 PMCID: PMC7127185 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
HCMV infection represents a life-threatening condition for immunocompromised patients and newborn infants and novel anti-HCMV agents are clearly needed. In this regard, a series of 1-[ω-(phenoxy)alkyl]uracil derivatives were synthesized and examined for antiviral properties. Compounds 17, 20, 24 and 28 were found to exhibit highly specific and promising inhibitory activity against HCMV replication in HEL cell cultures with EC50 values within 5.5-12μM range. Further studies should be undertaken to elucidate the mechanism of action of these compounds and the structure-activity relationship for the linker region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail S. Novikov
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Volgograd State Medical University, Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia
| | - Denis A. Babkov
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Volgograd State Medical University, Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia
| | - Maria P. Paramonova
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Volgograd State Medical University, Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia
| | | | - Alexander A. Ozerov
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Volgograd State Medical University, Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia
| | - Alexander O. Chizhov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Leninsky pr., 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Graciela Andrei
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Robert Snoeck
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Katherine L. Seley-Radtke
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a member of the Betaherpesvirinae sub-family of Herpesviridae family, is a widespread pathogen that infects a majority of the world's population by early adulthood. In individuals whose immune systems are immature or weakened, HCMV is a significant pathogen causing morbidity and mortality. There is no effective vaccine and only limited antiviral treatments against HCMV infection to date. A possible target for novel antiviral treatments is the HCMV proteins that localize to the tegument of the virion, since they play important roles in all stages of the viral life cycle, including, viral entry, gene expression, immune evasion, assembly, and egress. The most likely tegument protein candidates are pp65 (immune evasion), pp71 (gene expression), and pp150 and pp28 (assembly and egress). Although the subcellular localization of these proteins has been identified during HCMV infections in vitro, their localization patterns have not been determined when each protein is expressed individually in living cells. Thus, the objective of this review is elucidate the HCMV tegument as well as present current research findings concerning the subcellular localization of the tegument proteins pp65, pp71, pp150, and pp28 as fusions to one of several fluorescent proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Paul Tomtishen
- Bucknell University, Cell Biology/Biochemistry Program, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA.
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9
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Shi-Chen Ou D, Lee SB, Chu CS, Chang LH, Chung BC, Juan LJ. Transcriptional activation of endoplasmic reticulum chaperone GRP78 by HCMV IE1-72 protein. Cell Res 2011; 21:642-53. [PMID: 21221131 PMCID: PMC3203653 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2011.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), a key regulator of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, facilitates cancer cell growth and viral replication. The mechanism leading to grp78 gene activation during viral infection is largely unknown. In this study, we show that the immediate-early 1 (IE1-72) protein of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is essential for HCMV-mediated GRP78 activation. IE1-72 upregulated grp78 gene expression depending on the ATP-binding site, the zinc-finger domain and the putative leucine-zipper motif of IE1-72, as well as the ER stress response elements (ERSEs) on the grp78 promoter. The purified IE1-72 protein bound to the CCAAT box within ERSE in vitro, whereas deletion mutants of IE1-72 deficient in grp78 promoter stimulation failed to do so. Moreover, IE1-72 binding to the grp78 promoter in infected cells accompanied the recruitment of TATA box-binding protein-associated factor 1 (TAF1), a histone acetyltransferase, and the increased level of acetylated histone H4, an indicator of active-state chromatin. These results provide evidence that HCMV IE1-72 activates grp78 gene expression through direct promoter binding and modulation of the local chromatin structure, indicating an active viral mechanism of cellular chaperone induction for viral growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derick Shi-Chen Ou
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115
| | - Sung-Bau Lee
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115
| | - Chi-Shuen Chu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115
| | - Liang-Hao Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115
| | - Bon-chu Chung
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115
- Tel: +886-2-2789-9215; Fax: +886-2-27826085
E-mail:
| | - Li-Jung Juan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.7, Chung San South Road, Taipei 100
- Tel: +886-2-27871234; Fax: +886-2-27898811
E-mail:
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Rourke EA, Lopez MS, Monroy CM, Scheurer ME, Etzel CJ, Albrecht T, Bondy ML, El-Zein RA. Modulation of Radiation-Induced Genetic Damage by HCMV in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes from a Brain Tumor Case-Control Study. Cancers (Basel) 2010; 2:420-35. [PMID: 24281077 PMCID: PMC3835085 DOI: 10.3390/cancers2020420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection occurs early in life and viral persistence remains through life. An association between HCMV infection and malignant gliomas has been reported, suggesting that HCMV may play a role in glioma pathogenesis and could facilitate an accrual of genotoxic damage in the presence of g-radiation; an established risk factor for gliomas. We tested the hypothesis that HCMV infection modifies the sensitivity of cells to γ-radiation-induced genetic damage. We used peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from 110 glioma patients and 100 controls to measure the level of chromosome damage and cell death. We evaluated baseline, HCMV-, γ-radiation and HCMV + γ-radiation induced genetic instability with the comprehensive Cytokinesis-Blocked Micronucleus Cytome (CBMN-CYT). HCMV, similar to radiation, induced a significant increase in aberration frequency among cases and controls. PBLs infected with HCMV prior to challenge with γ-radiation led to a significant increase in aberrations as compared to baseline, γ-radiation and HCMV alone. With regards to apoptosis, glioma cases showed a lower percentage of induction following in vitro exposure to γ-radiation and HCMV infection as compared to controls. This strongly suggests that, HCMV infection enhances the sensitivity of PBLs to γ-radiation-induced genetic damage possibly through an increase in chromosome damage and decrease in apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Rourke
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; E-Mails: (E.A.R.); (M.S.L.); (C.M.M.); (C.J.E.)
| | - Mirtha S. Lopez
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; E-Mails: (E.A.R.); (M.S.L.); (C.M.M.); (C.J.E.)
| | - Claudia M. Monroy
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; E-Mails: (E.A.R.); (M.S.L.); (C.M.M.); (C.J.E.)
| | - Michael E. Scheurer
- Department of Pediatrics and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, The Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; E-Mail: (M.E.S.)
| | - Carol J. Etzel
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; E-Mails: (E.A.R.); (M.S.L.); (C.M.M.); (C.J.E.)
| | - Thomas Albrecht
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; E-Mail: (T.A.)
| | - Melissa L. Bondy
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; E-Mails: (E.A.R.); (M.S.L.); (C.M.M.); (C.J.E.)
| | - Randa A. El-Zein
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; E-Mails: (E.A.R.); (M.S.L.); (C.M.M.); (C.J.E.)
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11
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Hsu CH, Chang MDT, Tai KY, Yang YT, Wang PS, Chen CJ, Wang YH, Lee SC, Wu CW, Juan LJ. HCMV IE2-mediated inhibition of HAT activity downregulates p53 function. EMBO J 2004; 23:2269-80. [PMID: 15141169 PMCID: PMC419916 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2003] [Accepted: 04/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting of cellular histone acetyltransferases (HATs) by viral proteins is important in the development of virus-associated diseases. The immediate-early 2 protein (IE2) of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) binds to the tumor suppressor, p53, and inactivates its functions by unknown mechanisms. Here, we show that IE2 binds to the HAT domain of the p53 coactivators, p300 and CREB-binding protein (CBP), and blocks their acetyltransferase activity on both histones and p53. The minimal HAT inactivation region on IE2 involves the N-terminal 98 amino acids. The in vivo DNA binding of p53 and local histone acetylation on p53-dependent promoters are all reduced by IE2, but not by mutant IE2 proteins that lack the HAT inhibition region. Furthermore, the p53 acetylation site mutant, K320/373/382R, retains both DNA binding and promoter transactivation activity in vivo and these effects are repressed by IE2 as well. Together with the finding that only wild-type IE2 exerts an antiapoptotic effect, our results suggest that HCMV IE2 downregulates p53-dependent gene activation by inhibiting p300/CBP-mediated local histone acetylation and that IE2 may have oncogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hung Hsu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- President Laboratory, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Margaret D T Chang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Yu Tai
- President Laboratory, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Yang
- President Laboratory, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shan Wang
- President Laboratory, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ju Chen
- Institute of Microbiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Hsiung Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chung Lee
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Wu
- President Laboratory, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jung Juan
- President Laboratory, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Blom D, Hirsch C, Stern P, Tortorella D, Ploegh HL. A glycosylated type I membrane protein becomes cytosolic when peptide: N-glycanase is compromised. EMBO J 2004; 23:650-8. [PMID: 14749736 PMCID: PMC1271816 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2003] [Accepted: 01/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cytomegalovirus-encoded glycoprotein US2 catalyzes proteasomal degradation of Class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) heavy chains (HCs) through dislocation of the latter from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the cytosol. During this process, the Class I MHC HCs are deglycosylated by an N-glycanase-type activity. siRNA molecules designed to inhibit the expression of the light chain, beta(2)-microglobulin, block the dislocation of Class I MHC molecules, which implies that US2-dependent dislocation utilizes correctly folded Class I MHC molecules as a substrate. Here we demonstrate it is peptide: N-glycanase (PNGase or PNG1) that deglycosylates dislocated Class I MHC HCs. Reduction of PNGase activity by siRNA expression in US2-expressing cells inhibits deglycosylation of Class I MHC HC molecules. In PNGase siRNA-treated cells, glycosylated HCs appear in the cytosol, providing the first evidence for the presence of an intact N-linked type I membrane glycoprotein in the cytosol. N-glycanase activity is therefore not required for dislocation of glycosylated Class I MHC molecules from the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniël Blom
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian Hirsch
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Stern
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Hidde L Ploegh
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Dunn C, Chalupny NJ, Sutherland CL, Dosch S, Sivakumar PV, Johnson DC, Cosman D. Human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein UL16 causes intracellular sequestration of NKG2D ligands, protecting against natural killer cell cytotoxicity. J Exp Med 2003; 197:1427-39. [PMID: 12782710 PMCID: PMC2193902 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20022059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The activating receptor, NKG2D, is expressed on a variety of immune effector cells and recognizes divergent families of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related ligands, including the MIC and ULBP proteins. Infection, stress, or transformation can induce NKG2D ligand expression, resulting in effector cell activation and killing of the ligand-expressing target cell. The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) membrane glycoprotein, UL16, binds to three of the five known ligands for human NKG2D. UL16 is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum and cis-Golgi apparatus of cells and causes MICB to be similarly retained and stabilized within cells. Coexpression of UL16 markedly reduces cell surface levels of MICB, ULBP1, and ULBP2, and decreases susceptibility to natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Domain swapping experiments demonstrate that the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of UL16 are important for intracellular retention of UL16, whereas the ectodomain of UL16 participates in down-regulation of NKG2D ligands. The intracellular sequestration of NKG2D ligands by UL16 represents a novel HCMV immune evasion mechanism to add to the well-documented viral strategies directed against antigen presentation by classical MHC molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Dunn
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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