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Jabin A, Uddin MF, Al Azad S, Rahman A, Tabassum F, Sarker P, Morshed AKMH, Rahman S, Raisa FF, Sakib MR, Olive AH, Islam T, Tahsin R, Ahmed SZ, Biswas P, Habiba MU, Siddiquy M, Jafary M. Target-specificity of different amyrin subunits in impeding HCV influx mechanism inside the human cells considering the quantum tunnel profiles and molecular strings of the CD81 receptor: a combined in silico and in vivo study. In Silico Pharmacol 2023; 11:8. [PMID: 36999133 PMCID: PMC10052254 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-023-00144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
HCV is a hepatotropic RNA virus recognized for its frequent virulence and fatality worldwide. Despite many vaccine development programs underway, researchers are on a quest for natural bioactive compounds due to their multivalent efficiencies against viral infections, considering which the current research aimed to figure out the target-specificity and therapeutic potentiality of α, β, and δ subunits of amyrin, as novel bioactive components against the HCV influx mechanism. Initially, the novelty of amyrin subunits was conducted from 203 pharmacophores, comparing their in-silico pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. Besides, the best active site of CD81 was determined following the quantum tunneling algorithm. The molecular dynamic simulation was conducted (100 ns) following the molecular docking steps to reveal the parameters- RMSD (Å); Cα; RMSF (Å); MolSA (Å2); Rg (nm); PSA (Å); SASA (Å2), and the MM-GBSA dG binding scores. Besides, molecular strings of CD81, along with the co-expressed genes, were classified, as responsible for encoding CD81-mediated protein clusters during HCV infection, resulting in the potentiality of amyrins as targeted prophylactics in HCV infection. Finally, in vivo profiling of the oxidative stress marker, liver-specific enzymes, and antioxidant markers was conducted in the DMN-induced mice model, where β-amyrin scored the most significant values in all aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Jabin
- grid.443020.10000 0001 2295 3329Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, 1229 Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Fahim Uddin
- grid.413273.00000 0001 0574 8737College of Material Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Salauddin Al Azad
- grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Ashfaque Rahman
- grid.443020.10000 0001 2295 3329Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, 1229 Bangladesh
| | - Fawzia Tabassum
- grid.412506.40000 0001 0689 2212Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114 Bangladesh
| | - Pritthy Sarker
- grid.443020.10000 0001 2295 3329Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, 1229 Bangladesh
| | - A K M Helal Morshed
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Pathology and Pathophysiology Major, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, 450001 Henan Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Samiur Rahman
- grid.443020.10000 0001 2295 3329Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, 1229 Bangladesh
| | - Fatima Fairuz Raisa
- grid.52681.380000 0001 0746 8691Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Brac University, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Musfiqur Rahman Sakib
- grid.449329.10000 0004 4683 9733Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100 Bangladesh
| | - Abeer Hasan Olive
- grid.442996.40000 0004 0451 6987Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Tabassum Islam
- grid.442996.40000 0004 0451 6987Department of Computer Science and Engineering, East West University, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Ramisha Tahsin
- grid.443020.10000 0001 2295 3329Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1229 Bangladesh
| | - Shahlaa Zernaz Ahmed
- grid.443020.10000 0001 2295 3329Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, 1229 Bangladesh
| | - Partha Biswas
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408 Bangladesh
| | - Mst. Umme Habiba
- Data Science Research Unit, RPG Interface Lab, Jashore, 7400 Bangladesh
| | - Mahbuba Siddiquy
- grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Maryam Jafary
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1416634793 Iran
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Trifan A, Stanciu C, Gheorghe L, Iacob S, Curescu M, Cijevschi Prelipcean C, Stefanescu G, Girleanu I, Chiriac S, Mihai C, Brisc C, Goldis A, Sporea I, Miftode E, Bataga S, Rogoveanu I, Preda C, Caruntu FA, Singeap AM. Efficacy and safety of paritaprevir/ritonavir, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir with ribavirin for the treatment of HCV genotype 1b compensated cirrhosis in patients aged 70 years or older. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e9271. [PMID: 29390377 PMCID: PMC5815789 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced age has been a major limitation of interferon-based treatment for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection because of its poor response and tolerability. Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) drug regimens are safe and highly effective, allowing administration of treatment also in elderly. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of paritaprevir/ritonavir, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir (PrOD) with ribavirin for the treatment of patients aged ≥70 years with HCV genotype 1b compensated cirrhosis.A total of 1008 patients with HCV genotype 1b compensated cirrhosis were prospectively treated with PrOD + ribavirin for 12 weeks, between December 2015 and July 2016. Sustained virologic response 12 weeks after the end of treatment (SVR12), adverse effects (AEs), comorbidities, discontinuation, and death rates were recorded. Efficacy and safety of therapy were assessed in patients aged ≥70 years and compared with data from patients <70 years.There were 117 patients aged ≥70 years, preponderantly females (58.9%), mean age 73.3 ± 2.8 years (range 70-82), and 37 (31.6%) were treatment-experienced. Comorbidities were reported in 60.6% of patients ≥70 years and in 39.8% of those <70 years (P < .001). SVR12 rates based on intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were 97.4% and 100%, respectively, in patients ≥70 years, compared to 97.8% and 99.6%, respectively, in patients <70 years (P = ns and P = ns). Severe AEs were reported in 4 (3.4%) patients ≥70 years, compared to 23 (2.6%) in those <70 years (P = ns). One death was recorded in a patient aged 79 years (0.9%) and 6 deaths (0.8%) in those <70 years (P = ns).Treatment with PrOD + ribavirin in patients 70 years of age or older with HCV genotype 1b compensated cirrhosis proved as effective, safe, and well tolerated, as it did in younger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Trifan
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Iasi
| | | | - Liana Gheorghe
- Gastroenterology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Center, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest
| | - Speranta Iacob
- Gastroenterology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Center, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest
| | - Manuela Curescu
- Infectious Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “Victor Babes” Hospital for Infectious and Lung Diseases, Timisoara
| | | | - Gabriela Stefanescu
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Iasi
| | - Irina Girleanu
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Iasi
| | - Stefan Chiriac
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi
| | - Catalina Mihai
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Iasi
| | - Ciprian Brisc
- Gastroenterology, Oradea University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Department of Gastroenterology, County Clinical Hospital, Oradea
| | - Adrian Goldis
- Gastroenterology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Timisoara, The County Hospital Timisoara
| | - Ioan Sporea
- Gastroenterology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Timisoara, The County Hospital Timisoara
| | - Egidia Miftode
- Infectious Diseases, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- “Sf. Parascheva” Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital, Iasi
| | - Simona Bataga
- Gastroenterology, Targu Mures University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Targu Mures
- Department of Gastroenterology, Targu Mures Emergency County Hospital
| | - Ion Rogoveanu
- Internal Medicine, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Internal Medicine Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Craiova
| | - Carmen Preda
- Gastroenterology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Center, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest
| | - Florin Alexandru Caruntu
- Infectious Diseases, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- “Matei Bals” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Singeap
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Iasi
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Ragni MV, Humar A, Stock PG, Blumberg EA, Eghtesad B, Fung JJ, Stosor V, Nissen N, Wong MT, Sherman KE, Stablein DM, Barin B. Hemophilia Liver Transplantation Observational Study. Liver Transpl 2017; 23:762-768. [PMID: 27935212 PMCID: PMC5449207 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the leading cause of liver disease in hemophilia patients. In those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HCV coinfection, the rate of liver disease progression is greater than in HCV monoinfected individuals. Despite antiretroviral therapy, which slows HCV liver disease progression, some require transplantation. Whether transplant outcomes are worse in hemophilic (H) rather than nonhemophilic (NH) candidates is unknown. In order to determine rates and predictors of pretransplant and posttransplant survival, we conducted a retrospective observational study using United Network for Organ Sharing national transplant registry data, comparing HCV+ H and NH candidates. We identified 2502 HCV+ liver transplant candidates from 8 US university-based transplant centers, between January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2010, including 144 HIV+ (6%) and 2358 HIV-; 36 H (1%) and 2466 NH; 1213 (48%) transplanted and 1289 not transplanted. Other than male predominance and younger age, each were P < 0.001. Baseline data were comparable between H and NH. In univariate analysis, 90-day pretransplant mortality was associated with higher baseline Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD; hazard ratio [HR] = 1.15; P < 0.001), lower baseline platelet count (HR = 0.9 per 25,000/µL; P = 0.04), and having HIV/HCV+ hemophilia (P = 0.003). In multivariate analysis, pretransplant mortality was associated with higher MELD (P < 0.001) and was significantly greater in HIV+ than HIV- groups (P = 0.001). However, it did not differ between HIV+ H and NH (HR = 1.7; P = 0.36). Among HIV/HCV+, posttransplant mortality was similar between H and NH, despite lower CD4 in H (P = 0.04). In conclusion, this observational study confirms that hemophilia per se does not have a specific influence on transplant outcomes and that HIV infection increases the risk of mortality in both H and NH patients. Liver Transplantation 23 762-768 2017 AASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret V. Ragni
- Division Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh and Hemophilia Center of Western Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Abhinav Humar
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Peter G. Stock
- Division of Transplant Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Emily A. Blumberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bijan Eghtesad
- Transplant Center and Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - John J. Fung
- Transplant Center and Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Valentina Stosor
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Nicholas Nissen
- Division Transplant Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michael T. Wong
- Division of Transplant Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
| | - Kenneth E. Sherman
- Division of Digestive Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify socio-economic and acculturation factors associated with hepatitis C (HCV) screening and infection among US Vietnamese Americans. METHODS Participants were recruited from 7 Vietnamese community-based organizations in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. The analysis ultimately included 309 participants who participated in a HCV education intervention program. RESULTS Overall, 82.5% (255 of 309) intervention participants completed HCV screening over the 6 months prior to the post-intervention assessment. In multivariate-adjusted analysis, participants who lived in Vietnam for 40 years versus 20 years were more likely to receive HCV screening; unemployed individuals were less likely to receive HCV screening than employed people. Among screened participants, 7.5% had HCV infection. CONCLUSIONS These findings will guide future culturally and linguistically appropriate interventions to reduce HCV infection and HCV-related liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace X Ma
- Department of Public Health and Center for Asian Health, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Guo Yolanda Zhang
- Center for Asian Health, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mary Y Jung
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Xiang S Ma
- Center for Asian Health, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shumenghui Zhai
- Center for Asian Health, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mei Zhao
- Center for Asian Health, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Sunmin Lee
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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5
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Ascierto ML, Bozzano F, Bedognetti D, Marras F, Schechterly C, Matsuura K, Picciotto A, Marenco S, Zhao Y, DeGiorgi V, Sommariva M, Moretta L, Wang E, Alter HJ, Marincola FM, De Maria A. Inherent transcriptional signatures of NK cells are associated with response to IFNα + rivabirin therapy in patients with Hepatitis C Virus. J Transl Med 2015; 13:77. [PMID: 25849716 PMCID: PMC4353456 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0428-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in the expression of Natural Killer cell receptors have been reported to reflect divergent clinical courses in patients with chronic infections or tumors. However, extensive molecular characterization at the transcriptional level to support this view is lacking. The aim of this work was to characterize baseline differences in purified NK cell transcriptional activity stratified by response to treatment with PEG-IFNα/RBV in patients chronically infected with HCV. METHODS To this end we here studied by flow cytometer and gene expression profile, phenotypic and transcriptional characteristics of purified NK cells in patients chronically infected with HCV genotype-1 virus who were subsequently treated with PEG-IFNα/RBV. Results were further correlated with divergent clinical response obtained after treatment. RESULTS The pre-treatment transcriptional patterns of purified NK cells from patients subsequently undergoing a sustained virologic response (SVR) clearly segregated from those of non-responder (NR) patients. A set of 476 transcripts, including molecules involved in RNA processing, ubiquitination pathways as well as HLA class II signalling were differently expressed among divergent patients. In addition, treatment outcome was associated with differences in surface expression of NKp30 and NKG2D. A complex relationship was observed that suggested for extensive post-transcriptional editing. Only a small number of the NK cell transcripts identified were correlated with chronic HCV infection/replication indicating that inherent transcriptional activity prevails over environment effects such as viral infection. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, inherent/genetic modulation of NK cell transcription is involved in setting the path to divergent treatment outcomes and could become useful to therapeutic advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Libera Ascierto
- />Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- />Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, CRB II, Room 506, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA
| | - Federica Bozzano
- />Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- />Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Cathy Schechterly
- />Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Kentaro Matsuura
- />Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Antonino Picciotto
- />IRCCS Az.Osp.Univ. San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simona Marenco
- />IRCCS Az.Osp.Univ. San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Yingdong Zhao
- />Biometric Research Branch, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Valeria DeGiorgi
- />Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Michele Sommariva
- />Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | | | - Ena Wang
- />Sidra Medical and Research Centre, Doha, Qatar
| | - Harvey J Alter
- />Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | | | - Andrea De Maria
- />Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- />Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- />IRCCS Az.Osp.Univ. San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
- />Universita’ degli Studi di Genova, Largo R Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
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Rana D, Chawla Y, Arora SK. Success of antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis C infection relates to functional status of myeloid dendritic cells. Indian J Med Res 2013; 138:766-78. [PMID: 24434330 PMCID: PMC3928708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C infection poses a major global health predicament and appears to be potent threat to mankind. The treatment in wide use is interferon/ribavirin combination therapy which is generally effective in about 60-70 per cent of patients carrying genotype 3 and causes significant morbidity. The response to therapy is largely guided by limited number of factors such as genotype of virus, rapid virological response, ethnicity, pre-therapy viral load, etc. While involvement of host genetic factors has been a major focus of research in playing an important role in the outcome of disease, the role of immune system cannot be marginalized. Poor cellular trafficking and suboptimal T cell responses in liver, the hall marks of chronic hepatitis C virus infection, might be attributed to defective antigen presentation. Various immunological factors, both innate and adaptive, play role in the pathogenesis of the disease and become dysfunctional in active disease. Recent reports suggest the major impact of functional and numerical status of dendritic cells in deciding the fate of antiviral therapy. In this review we take a look at the involvement of dendritic cells in playing an important role in the response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Rana
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Yogesh Chawla
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sunil K. Arora
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India,Reprint requests: Dr Sunil K. Arora, Professor, Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160 012, India e-mail:
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Flynn JK, Dore GJ, Hellard M, Yeung B, Rawlinson WD, White PA, Kaldor JM, Lloyd AR, Ffrench RA. Early IL-10 predominant responses are associated with progression to chronic hepatitis C virus infection in injecting drug users. J Viral Hepat 2011; 18:549-61. [PMID: 20626625 PMCID: PMC4277610 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2010.01335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The critical events in clearance or persistence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are unknown but likely to be determined early in acute infection. Type 1 and type 2 cytokine production was assessed by HCV peptide ELISpot and multiplex in vitro cytokine production assays in longitudinally collected samples from 20 untreated participants enrolled in the Australian Trial in Acute Hepatitis C (ATAHC); a prospective cohort of acute HCV infection (77% injecting drug users, IDU). Significantly higher interleukin-10 (IL-10) production (P = 0.048), in the relative absence of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and IL-2 production, was present early in HCV infection in those who progressed to chronic infection. In contrast, viral clearance was associated with a greater magnitude and broader specificity of IFN-γ (magnitude P < 0.001, breadth P = 0.004) and IL-2 responses, in the relative absence of IL-10. Early IL-10 production was correlated with higher HCV RNA level at baseline (P = 0.046) and week 12 (P = 0.018), while IFN-γ and IL-2 production was inversely correlated with HCV RNA level at baseline (IFN-γ P = 0.020, IL-2 P = 0.050) and week 48 (IFN-γ P = 0.045, IL-2 P = 0.026). Intracellular staining (ICS) indicated the HCV-specific IFN-γ response was primarily from CD8(+) T cells and NK cells, whereas IL-10 production was predominantly from monocytes, with a subset of IL-10 producing CD8(+) T cells present only in those who progressed to chronic infection. IL-10, an immunoregulatory cytokine, appears to play a key role in progression to chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory J Dore
- National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Margaret Hellard
- Centre for Population Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Barbara Yeung
- National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - William D Rawlinson
- Virology Division, Southern Eastern Area Laboratory Services, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter A White
- School of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - John M Kaldor
- National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew R Lloyd
- Centre for Infection and Inflammation Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Liu Z, Robida JM, Chinnaswamy S, Yi G, Robotham JM, Nelson HB, Irsigler A, Kao CC, Tang H. Mutations in the hepatitis C virus polymerase that increase RNA binding can confer resistance to cyclosporine A. Hepatology 2009; 50:25-33. [PMID: 19489073 PMCID: PMC2727352 DOI: 10.1002/hep.22987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection leads to acute and chronic liver diseases, and new classes of anti-HCV therapeutics are needed. Cyclosporine A (CsA) inhibits HCV replication and CsA derivatives that lack the immunosuppressive function are currently in clinical trials as candidate anti-HCV drugs. Here we characterize several independently derived HCV replicons with varying levels of CsA resistance due to mutations in nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B), the HCV-encoded polymerase. Mutant HCV replicons engineered with these mutations showed resistance to CsA. The mutations reside in two distinct patches in the polymerase: the template channel and one face of a concave surface behind the template channel. Mutant NS5B made by cells expressing the HCV replicon had increased ability to bind to RNA in the presence of CsA. Purified recombinant NS5B proteins containing the mutations were better at de novo initiated RNA synthesis than the wild-type control. Furthermore, the mutant proteins were able to bind RNA with approximately 8-fold higher affinity. Last, mutation near the template channel alleviated the lethal phenotype of a mutation in the concave patch, P540A. This intramolecular compensation for the HCV replicase function by amino acid changes in different domains was further confirmed in an infectious cell culture-derived virus system. CONCLUSION An increased level of CsA resistance is associated with distinct mutations in the NS5B gene that increase RNA binding in the presence of CsA, and the intramolecular communications between residues of the thumb and the C-terminal domains are important for HCV replicase function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4295, USA
| | - John M. Robida
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4295, USA
| | - Sreedhar Chinnaswamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128, USA
| | - Guanghui Yi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128, USA
| | - Jason M. Robotham
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4295, USA
| | - Heather B. Nelson
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4295, USA
| | - Andre Irsigler
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4295, USA
| | - C. Cheng Kao
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128, USA
| | - Hengli Tang
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4295, USA
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9
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Gyarmathy VA, Neaigus A, Mitchell MM, Ujhelyi E. The association of syringe type and syringe cleaning with HCV infection among IDUs in Budapest, Hungary. Drug Alcohol Depend 2009; 100:240-7. [PMID: 19058925 PMCID: PMC2628960 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2008] [Revised: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 10/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We assessed whether syringe type, syringe cleaning and distributive syringe sharing were associated with self-reported and laboratory-confirmed HCV infection among Hungarian IDUs. Injecting drug users (N=215) were recruited from non-treatment settings in Budapest, Hungary between October 2005 and December 2006. Multivariate logistic regression models identified correlates of self-report of being HCV infected and testing positive for HCV. While 37% tested positive for HCV, 14% of the total (39% of those who tested positive) self-reported being HCV infected. Using any two-piece syringes was significantly associated with self-reported HCV infection, while distributive syringe sharing was not associated with self-report of being HCV infected. Engaging in receptive sharing of only one-piece syringes but always cleaning before reuse was not associated with testing HCV positive, while any receptive sharing of only one-piece syringes and not always cleaning before reuse was significantly associated with testing HCV positive. Sharing cookers and squirting drugs from one syringe into another syringe were not associated with testing HCV positive. The high percent of those HCV infected who did not know they were infected highlights the need to provide better access to confidential testing and counseling services. Counseling should emphasize secondary prevention of HCV among HCV infected IDUs. Our findings also indicate that syringe type and syringe cleaning practices may play a role in HCV transmission. Ethnographic research should identify the reasons why IDUs may use two-piece syringes and suggest means to reduce their use. Thorough cleaning of one-piece syringes when sterile syringes are unavailable may be an efficient way to reduce the risk of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Anna Gyarmathy
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Lisbon, Portugal.
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10
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Rutebemberwa A, Ray SC, Astemborski J, Levine J, Liu L, Dowd KA, Clute S, Wang C, Korman A, Sette A, Sidney J, Pardoll DM, Cox AL. High-programmed death-1 levels on hepatitis C virus-specific T cells during acute infection are associated with viral persistence and require preservation of cognate antigen during chronic infection. J Immunol 2008; 181:8215-25. [PMID: 19050238 PMCID: PMC2773824 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.12.8215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important human pathogen that represents a model for chronic infection given that the majority of infected individuals fail to clear the infection despite generation of virus-specific T cell responses during the period of acute infection. Although viral sequence evolution at targeted MHC class I-restricted epitopes represents one mechanism for immune escape in HCV, many targeted epitopes remain intact under circumstances of viral persistence. To explore alternative mechanisms of HCV immune evasion, we analyzed patterns of expression of a major inhibitory receptor on T cells, programmed death-1 (PD-1), from the time of initial infection and correlated these with HCV RNA levels, outcome of infection, and sequence escape within the targeted epitope. We show that the level of PD-1 expression in early HCV infection is significantly higher on HCV-specific T cells from subjects who progress to chronic HCV infection than from those who clear infection. This correlation is independent of HCV RNA levels, compatible with the notion that high PD-1 expression on HCV-specific CD8 T cells during acute infection inhibits viral clearance. Viral escape during persistent infection is associated with reduction in PD-1 levels on the surface of HCV-specific T cells, supporting the necessity of ongoing antigenic stimulation of T cells for maintenance of PD-1 expression. These results support the idea that PD-1 expression on T cells specific for nonescaped epitopes contributes to viral persistence and suggest that PD-1 blockade may alter the outcome of HCV infection.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Adult
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/biosynthesis
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Female
- Hepacivirus/genetics
- Hepacivirus/immunology
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/immunology
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology
- Humans
- Mutation
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
- Prospective Studies
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/virology
- Viral Load
- Virus Latency/genetics
- Virus Latency/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Alleluiah Rutebemberwa
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 855 N Wolfe Street. Suite 530, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Stuart C. Ray
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 855 N Wolfe Street. Suite 530, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 855 N Wolfe Street. Suite 530, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Jacquie Astemborski
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 855 N Wolfe Street. Suite 530, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 855 N Wolfe Street. Suite 530, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Jordana Levine
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 855 N Wolfe Street. Suite 530, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 855 N Wolfe Street. Suite 530, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China 400038
| | - Kimberly A. Dowd
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 855 N Wolfe Street. Suite 530, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Shalyn Clute
- Medarex Incorporated, 521 Cottonwood Drive, Milpitas, CA 95035, USA
| | - Changyu Wang
- Medarex Incorporated, 521 Cottonwood Drive, Milpitas, CA 95035, USA
| | - Alan Korman
- Medarex Incorporated, 521 Cottonwood Drive, Milpitas, CA 95035, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 10355 Science Center Drive San Diego, California 92121
| | - John Sidney
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 10355 Science Center Drive San Diego, California 92121
| | - Drew M. Pardoll
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 855 N Wolfe Street. Suite 530, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Andrea L. Cox
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 855 N Wolfe Street. Suite 530, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 855 N Wolfe Street. Suite 530, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Floreani A, Mega A, Camozzi V, Baldo V, Plebani M, Burra P, Luisetto G. Is osteoporosis a peculiar association with primary biliary cirrhosis? World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:5347-50. [PMID: 16149144 PMCID: PMC4622807 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i34.5347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2004] [Revised: 08/20/2004] [Accepted: 08/22/2004] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM (1) To compare the prevalence of osteoporosis (t-score < or =-2.5 SD) between stage IV PBC patients, and two groups of age- and sex-matched controls: one with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis, and the other one consisting of a group of healthy subjects from the general population; (2) to identify the main risk factors for the development of bone loss. METHODS Thirty-five stage IV PBC patients (mean age 52.5+/-10 years), 49 females with HCV-related cirrhosis (mean age 52.9+/-5.8 years) and 33 healthy females (mean age 51.8+/-2.22 years) were enrolled in the study. Bone metabolism was evaluated by measuring serum calcium corrected for serum albumin (Ca corr.), 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH vit D), parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed at the lumbar spine by dual-photon X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Osteoporosis was present in 5/35 PBC patients (14.2%) and in 7/49 HCV-related cirrhotic patients (14.3%), without any statistical difference between the two groups. Among healthy control subjects, none had osteoporosis. No difference was found between the three groups in serum parameters of bone metabolism. Univariate analysis showed that menopausal state and low BMI were significantly correlated with osteoporosis. Multivariate regression analysis showed that menopausal status, BMI <23, and old age were independent variables significantly correlated with osteoporosis. CONCLUSION PBC in itself has no negative influence on BMD. End-stage liver disease patients carry a disease-specific risk for osteoporosis, but have an effective risk of bone loss in relation to individual potential risk for each patient. A practical message should be taken into account, that is, every effort should be made to prevent osteoporosis when a patient has simple osteopenia, or if it is a woman in or near menopausal age.
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Wei G, Yano S, Kuroiwa T, Hiromura K, Maezawa A. Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced IgG-IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) complex may be the main causal factor for cold-dependent activation of complement in patients with rheumatic disease. Clin Exp Immunol 1997; 107:83-8. [PMID: 9010261 PMCID: PMC1904537 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1997.d01-882.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A low serum complement level is commonly found in patients with rheumatic diseases. We evaluated 170 patients with such diseases to determine their serum levels of CH50, C3 and C4 protein. Persistent hypocomplementaemia was found in 19 of those patients, particularly in those with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Cold-dependent activation of complement (CDAC) was demonstrated in nine of the 19 (47.4%), and six of the nine patients demonstrated infection with HCV (66.7%). The nine patients that exhibited CDAC had nearly normal haemolytic complement activity when the sera were separated either at 37 degrees C or in EDTA-treated plasma. Conversely, it markedly decreased, even to the point of being immeasurable, when the sera were separated at 4-21 degrees C. No significant deficiency in C3 and C4 protein levels was found in these patients. Clinical parameters other than levels of anti-HCV antibody, transaminase, and RF were not influenced by CDAC. In an attempt to isolate the causal factor for CDAC, we isolated IgG fractions from the CDAC patients by using a protein G column, in which case precipitates were collected from the eluates. The precipitates were mixed with normal serum and incubated at 4-21 degrees C for 18 h. A decrease in the level of CH50 in normal serum was observed, which predominated (P < 0.001) when precipitates from HCV-infected patients were used. This indicated CDAC was possibly interrelated to the precipitates of such patients. This precipitate was proved to contain IgM besides IgG. It is therefore possible that an HCV-related IgG complex or an IgG-IgM RF complex may be formed at low temperature and be involved in activating the complement system in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wei
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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Abstract
Some patients with chronic hepatitis C develop liver/kidney microsome type 1 antibodies. Some of these autoantibodies are directed against the cytochrome P450IID6. The aim of this study was to characterize the immunogenic sites on the P450IID6 molecule recognized by autoantibodies from individuals infected with the hepatitis C virus. Serum from 24 patients with markers of hepatitis C infection and liver/kidney microsome type 1 antibodies were tested by immunoblotting with human liver microsomal proteins. Eight of them with anti-P450IID6 antibodies were tested with synthetic peptides representing P450IID6 putative immunogenic sites and for their capacity to inhibit in vitro P450IID6 enzymatic activity. Anti-P450IID6 antibodies in the sera of chronic hepatitis C patients were of IgG subclass 1 and in one patient also of IgM type. These sera recognized different P450IID6 peptide sequences consisting of amino acids (aa) 200-214 and aa 271-339. The synthetic peptide between aa 321 and 339 appears to represent the main antigenic site. Five out of eight anti-P450IID6 positive sera were also able to inhibit P450IID6 enzymatic activity in vitro at a dilution of 1:100. The anti-P450IID6 autoimmune response in chronic hepatitis C patients is polyclonal, probably inducible, and maintained by the liberation of P450IID6 by hepatocyte lysis. The characterization of the P450IID6 immunogenic site recognized by patients with hepatitis C infection may enable a specific test to be designed to identify those patients with autoimmune hepatitis type 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Parez
- Service de Gastroentérologie, Hôpital Ste-Justine, Montreal, Canada
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