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Kurra V, Eräranta A, Paavonen T, Honkanen T, Myllymäki J, Riutta A, Tikkanen I, Lakkisto P, Mustonen J, Pörsti I. Moderate hyperuricaemia ameliorated kidney damage in a low-renin model of experimental renal insufficiency. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 132:21-32. [PMID: 36220802 PMCID: PMC10091954 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Uric acid has promoted renal fibrosis and inflammation in experimental studies, but some studies have shown nephroprotective effects due to alleviated oxidative stress. We studied the influence of experimental hyperuricaemia in surgically 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Three weeks after subtotal nephrectomy or sham operation, the rats were allocated to control diet or 2.0% oxonic acid (uricase inhibitor) diet for 9 weeks. Then blood, urine and tissue samples were taken, and renal morphology and oxidative stress were examined. Inflammation and fibrosis were evaluated using immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Remnant kidney rats ingesting normal or oxonic acid diet presented with ~60% reduction of creatinine clearance and suppressed plasma renin activity. Oxonic acid diet increased plasma uric acid levels by >80 μmol/L. In remnant kidney rats, moderate hyperuricaemia decreased glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial damage and kidney mast cell count, without influencing the fibrosis marker collagen I messenger RNA (mRNA) content. In both sham-operated and 5/6 nephrectomized rats, the mast cell product 11-epi-prostaglandin-F2α excretion to the urine and kidney tissue cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels were decreased. To conclude, hyperuricaemic remnant kidney rats displayed improved kidney morphology and reduced markers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Thus, moderately elevated plasma uric acid had beneficial effects on the kidney in this low-renin model of experimental renal insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venla Kurra
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Arttu Eräranta
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Timo Paavonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teemu Honkanen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juhani Myllymäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Asko Riutta
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilkka Tikkanen
- Minerva Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center, Nephrology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Lakkisto
- Minerva Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Mustonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilkka Pörsti
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Pacheco ICR, Costa DMDN, Sousa DS, Salgado Filho N, Silva GEB, Neves PDMDM. Kidney injury associated with COVID-19 infection and vaccine: A narrative review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:956158. [PMID: 36544502 PMCID: PMC9760714 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.956158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory tract is the main infection site for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), resulting in many admissions to intensive care centers in several countries. However, in addition to lung involvement, kidney injury caused by the novel coronavirus has proven to be a significant factor related to high morbidity and mortality, alarming experts worldwide. The number of deaths has drastically reduced with the advent of large-scale immunization, highlighting the importance of vaccination as the best way to combat the pandemic. Despite the undeniable efficacy of the vaccine, the renal side effects associated with its use deserve to be highlighted, especially the emergence or reactivation of glomerulopathies mentioned in some case reports. This study aimed to identify the main renal morphological findings correlated with COVID-19 infection and its vaccination, seeking to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms, main clinical features, and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deborah Serra Sousa
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Natalino Salgado Filho
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Gyl Eanes Barros Silva
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil,Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Gyl Eanes Barros Silva,
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Çiçek R, Dündar G, Gökçen K, Gökçe G, Gültekin EY. The evaluation of morphology of renal pelvicalyceal system's and infundibulopelvic anatomy of kidney's lower pole in post-mortem series. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2021; 81:350-358. [PMID: 33899205 DOI: 10.5603/fm.a2021.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary system stones are frequently encountered in the community. Together with technological developments, introduction of new treatment procedures such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy and retrograde intrarenal surgery has furtherly reduced morbidity, mortality and hospitalization time of patients. In order to maximize success and to reduce complications of these procedures, it is necessary to evaluate anatomy and morphological differences of kidney collector system before the procedure. This study was conducted for the purpose of determining the morphology of the kidney collector system and the negative anatomic factors of the lower pole in autopsy cases performed in our institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS 82 kidney units obtained from 41 autopsy cases conducted in Faculty of Medicine Department of Forensic Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University between September 2017 and September 2018 were included in the study. Percentages were found as 78% for intrarenal pelvis, 13.4% for borderline pelvis, %6.1 for extrarenal pelvis and 2.4% for pelvic nonexistence. When pelvicalyceal anatomy was evaluated, percentages were found as 32.9% for bicalyceal, 26.8% for tricalyceal, 20.7% for multicalyceal and 19.5% for unclassified calyceality. When it is evaluated according to opening of calyces into the renal pelvis based on Sampaio classification, percentages were found as 30.5% for AI, 17.1% for Type II, 28% for BI, 18.3% for BII and 6.1% for unevaluated part. Infundibular lengths of kidney's lower pole were detected as under 3 cm in 39% and over 3 cm in 61% of all cases. Infundibulopelvic angles of kidney's lower pole were measured as under 70⁰ in 42.7% and over 70⁰ in 57.3% of all cases. RESULTS In our study, there was no statistically significant difference between the right and left kidneys in terms of collecting system morphology and lower pole's negative anatomical factors. Only infindibular lengths which is one of the collecting system morphology and lower pole's negative anatomical factors were statistically shorter in females than males. There was no difference in terms of other parameters. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the findings of this study are largely consistent with the results of similar studies. This reveals that renal collecting system morphology and negative anatomic factors in the lower pole collecting system in human are roughly similar. In clinical practice, pre-treatment CT and, if necessary, MR urography evaluation of the lower pole negative anatomic factors may contribute to gain preliminary information about both the clearance of stone fragments especially after SWL and RIRS procedures and perioperative complications proactively.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Çiçek
- Malatya Training and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Malatya, Turkey
| | - G Dündar
- University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Mimar Sinan Mah. Emniyet Cad. Polis Okulu Karşısı Yıldırım / Bursa / TURKEY, 16000 Bursa, Turkey.
| | - K Gökçen
- Bahçeşehir University, Medical Park Göztepe Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - G Gökçe
- Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology,, Sivas, Turkey
| | - E Y Gültekin
- Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology,, Sivas, Turkey
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Steenbergen PJ, Heigwer J, Pandey G, Tönshoff B, Gehrig J, Westhoff JH. A Multiparametric Assay Platform for Simultaneous In Vivo Assessment of Pronephric Morphology, Renal Function and Heart Rate in Larval Zebrafish. Cells 2020; 9:E1269. [PMID: 32443839 PMCID: PMC7290829 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Automated high-throughput workflows allow for chemical toxicity testing and drug discovery in zebrafish disease models. Due to its conserved structural and functional properties, the zebrafish pronephros offers a unique model to study renal development and disease at larger scale. Ideally, scoring of pronephric phenotypes includes morphological and functional assessments within the same larva. However, to efficiently upscale such assays, refinement of existing methods is required. Here, we describe the development of a multiparametric in vivo screening pipeline for parallel assessment of pronephric morphology, kidney function and heart rate within the same larva on a single imaging platform. To this end, we developed a novel 3D-printed orientation tool enabling multiple consistent orientations of larvae in agarose-filled microplates. Dorsal pronephros imaging was followed by assessing renal clearance and heart rates upon fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-inulin microinjection using automated time-lapse imaging of laterally positioned larvae. The pipeline was benchmarked using a set of drugs known to induce developmental nephrotoxicity in humans and zebrafish. Drug-induced reductions in renal clearance and heart rate alterations were detected even in larvae exhibiting minor pronephric phenotypes. In conclusion, the developed workflow enables rapid and semi-automated in vivo assessment of multiple morphological and functional parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petrus J. Steenbergen
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (P.J.S.); (J.H.); (G.P.); (B.T.)
| | - Jana Heigwer
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (P.J.S.); (J.H.); (G.P.); (B.T.)
| | - Gunjan Pandey
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (P.J.S.); (J.H.); (G.P.); (B.T.)
| | - Burkhard Tönshoff
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (P.J.S.); (J.H.); (G.P.); (B.T.)
| | - Jochen Gehrig
- DITABIS, Digital Biomedical Imaging Systems AG, 75179 Pforzheim, Germany
- ACQUIFER Imaging GmbH, 69123 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens H. Westhoff
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (P.J.S.); (J.H.); (G.P.); (B.T.)
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Pucci KRM, Pereira Júnior CD, Idaló PB, Moreira ACSP, Rocha LP, Rodrigues ARA, Reis LCD, Gomes RADS, Rocha LB, Guimarães CSDO, Reis MAD, Câmara NOS, Corrêa RRM. Morphological and functional aspects of acute kidney injury after fetal programing in the offspring of diabetic rats. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2014; 28:403-8. [PMID: 24766077 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2014.918097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of folic acid (FA)-induced renal failure in young offspring of diabetic mothers. METHODS The offspring of streptozotocin-induced diabetic dams were divided into four groups: CC (controls receiving vehicle); DC (diabetics receiving vehicle); CA (controls receiving FA solution, 250 mg/kg) and DA (diabetics receiving FA solution, 250 mg/kg). Renal function tests and morphometry results were analyzed. RESULTS An increase in creatinine and urea levels was observed in CA and DA groups at two and five months. FA administration caused a significant reduction in the number of glomeruli in the offspring of diabetic dams. The diabetes group treated with FA had fewer glomeruli compared to controls at two and five months. FA caused an increase in the area of the urinary space both in controls and offspring of diabetic dams at two and five months. The number of glomeruli and area of the urinary space at two months were negatively correlated. CONCLUSIONS Fetal programing promotes remarkable changes in kidney morphology and function in offspring. We suggest that the morphological changes in the kidneys are more pronounced when fetal programing is associated with newly acquired diseases, e.g. renal failure induced by FA.
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