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de Souza AH, de Oliveira US, Oliveira LA, de Carvalho PHN, de Andrade MT, Pereira TS, Gomes Junior CC, Cardoso AA, Ramalho JDC, Martins SCV, DaMatta FM. Growth and Leaf Gas Exchange Upregulation by Elevated [CO 2] Is Light Dependent in Coffee Plants. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1479. [PMID: 37050105 PMCID: PMC10097104 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plants have been assorted as highly suitable to growth at elevated [CO2] (eCa), although such suitability is hypothesized to decrease under severe shade. We herein examined how the combination of eCa and contrasting irradiance affects growth and photosynthetic performance. Coffee plants were grown in open-top chambers under relatively high light (HL) or low light (LL) (9 or 1 mol photons m-2 day-1, respectively), and aCa or eCa (437 or 705 μmol mol-1, respectively). Most traits were affected by light and CO2, and by their interaction. Relative to aCa, our main findings were (i) a greater stomatal conductance (gs) (only at HL) with decreased diffusive limitations to photosynthesis, (ii) greater gs during HL-to-LL transitions, whereas gs was unresponsive to the LL-to-HL transitions irrespective of [CO2], (iii) greater leaf nitrogen pools (only at HL) and higher photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency irrespective of light, (iv) lack of photosynthetic acclimation, and (v) greater biomass partitioning to roots and earlier branching. In summary, eCa improved plant growth and photosynthetic performance. Our novel and timely findings suggest that coffee plants are highly suited for a changing climate characterized by a progressive elevation of [CO2], especially if the light is nonlimiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio H. de Souza
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Ueliton S. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Leonardo A. Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Pablo H. N. de Carvalho
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Moab T. de Andrade
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Talitha S. Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos C. Gomes Junior
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Amanda A. Cardoso
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - José D. C. Ramalho
- PlantStress & Biodiversity Lab., Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Laboratório Associado Terra, Departamento de Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Território (DRAT), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Quinta do Marquês, Av. da República, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal
- Unidade de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Monte de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Samuel C. V. Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Fábio M. DaMatta
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
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Torralbo F, Vicente R, Morcuende R, González-Murua C, Aranjuelo I. C and N metabolism in barley leaves and peduncles modulates responsiveness to changing CO2. J Exp Bot 2019; 70:599-611. [PMID: 30476207 PMCID: PMC6322569 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Balancing of leaf carbohydrates is a key process for maximising crop performance in elevated CO2 environments. With the aim of testing the role of the carbon sink-source relationship under different CO2 conditions, we performed two experiments with two barley genotypes (Harrington and RCSL-89) exposed to changing CO2. In Experiment 1, the genotypes were exposed to 400 and 700 ppm CO2. Elevated CO2 induced photosynthetic acclimation in Harrington that was linked with the depletion of Rubisco protein. In contrast, a higher peduncle carbohydrate-storage capacity in RSCL-89 was associated with a better balance of leaf carbohydrates that could help to maximize the photosynthetic capacity under elevated CO2. In Experiment 2, plants that were grown at 400 ppm or 700 ppm CO2 for 5 weeks were switched to 700 ppm or 400 ppm CO2, respectively. Raising CO2 to 700 ppm increased photosynthetic rates with a reduction in leaf carbohydrate content and an improvement in N assimilation. The increase in nitrate content was associated with up-regulation of genes of protein transcripts of photosynthesis and N assimilation that favoured plant performance under elevated CO2. Finally, decreasing the CO2 from 700 ppm to 400 ppm revealed that both stomatal closure and inhibited expression of light-harvesting proteins negatively affected photosynthetic performance and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Torralbo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB)-CSIC, Avenida de Pamplona, Mutilva Baja, Spain
| | - Rubén Vicente
- Abiotic Stress Department, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rosa Morcuende
- Abiotic Stress Department, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carmen González-Murua
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB)-CSIC, Avenida de Pamplona, Mutilva Baja, Spain
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Haworth M, Killi D, Materassi A, Raschi A, Centritto M. Impaired Stomatal Control Is Associated with Reduced Photosynthetic Physiology in Crop Species Grown at Elevated [CO 2]. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1568. [PMID: 27826305 PMCID: PMC5078776 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Physiological control of stomatal conductance (Gs) permits plants to balance CO2-uptake for photosynthesis (PN) against water-loss, so optimizing water use efficiency (WUE). An increase in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide ([CO2]) will result in a stimulation of PN and reduction of Gs in many plants, enhancing carbon gain while reducing water-loss. It has also been hypothesized that the increase in WUE associated with lower Gs at elevated [CO2] would reduce the negative impacts of drought on many crops. Despite the large number of CO2-enrichment studies to date, there is relatively little information regarding the effect of elevated [CO2] on stomatal control. Five crop species with active physiological stomatal behavior were grown at ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (2000 ppm) [CO2]. We investigated the relationship between stomatal function, stomatal size, and photosynthetic capacity in the five species, and then assessed the mechanistic effect of elevated [CO2] on photosynthetic physiology, stomatal sensitivity to [CO2] and the effectiveness of stomatal closure to darkness. We observed positive relationships between the speed of stomatal response and the maximum rates of PN and Gs sustained by the plants; indicative of close co-ordination of stomatal behavior and PN. In contrast to previous studies we did not observe a negative relationship between speed of stomatal response and stomatal size. The sensitivity of stomata to [CO2] declined with the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate limited rate of PN at elevated [CO2]. The effectiveness of stomatal closure was also impaired at high [CO2]. Growth at elevated [CO2] did not affect the performance of photosystem II indicating that high [CO2] had not induced damage to the photosynthetic physiology, and suggesting that photosynthetic control of Gs is either directly impaired at high [CO2], sensing/signaling of environmental change is disrupted or elevated [CO2] causes some physical effect that constrains stomatal opening/closing. This study indicates that while elevated [CO2] may improve the WUE of crops under normal growth conditions, impaired stomatal control may increase the vulnerability of plants to water deficit and high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Haworth
- National Research Council – Tree and Timber InstituteFlorence, Italy
| | - Dilek Killi
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Raschi
- National Research Council – Institute of BiometeorologyFlorence, Italy
| | - Mauro Centritto
- National Research Council – Tree and Timber InstituteFlorence, Italy
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Mencuccini M, Minunno F, Salmon Y, Martínez-Vilalta J, Hölttä T. Coordination of physiological traits involved in drought-induced mortality of woody plants. New Phytol 2015; 208:396-409. [PMID: 25988920 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Accurate modelling of drought-induced mortality is challenging. A steady-state model is presented integrating xylem and phloem transport, leaf-level gas exchange and plant carbohydrate consumption during drought development. A Bayesian analysis of parameter uncertainty based on expert knowledge and a literature review is carried out. The model is tested by combining six data compilations covering 170 species using information on sensitivities of xylem conductivity, stomatal conductance and leaf turgor to water potential. The possible modes of plant failure at steady state are identified (i.e. carbon (C) starvation, hydraulic failure and phloem transport failure). Carbon starvation occurs primarily in the parameter space of isohydric stomatal control, whereas hydraulic failure is prevalent in the space of xylem susceptibility to embolism. Relative to C starvation, phloem transport failure occurs under conditions of low sensitivity of photosynthesis and high sensitivity of growth to plant water status. These three failure modes are possible extremes along two axes of physiological vulnerabilities, one characterized by the balance of water supply and demand and the other by the balance between carbohydrate sources and sinks. Because the expression of physiological vulnerabilities is coordinated, we argue that different failure modes should occur with roughly equal likelihood, consistent with predictions using optimality theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Mencuccini
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
- ICREA at CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Francesco Minunno
- Department of Forest Science, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Yann Salmon
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- University of Autònoma Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Teemu Hölttä
- Department of Forest Science, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
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Wong CYS, Gamon JA. Three causes of variation in the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) in evergreen conifers. New Phytol 2015; 206:187-195. [PMID: 25408288 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The photochemical reflectance index (PRI) reflects diurnal xanthophyll cycle activity and is also influenced by seasonally changing carotenoid : Chl pigment ratios. Both changing pigment pools and xanthophyll cycle activity contribute to photoprotection in evergreen conifers exposed to boreal winters, but they operate over different timescales, and their relative contribution to the PRI signal has often been unclear. To clarify these responses and their contribution to the PRI signal, leaf PRI, pigment composition, temperature and irradiance were monitored over 2 yr for two evergreen conifers (Pinus contorta and Pinus ponderosa) in a boreal climate. PRI was affected by three distinct processes operating over different timescales and exhibiting contrasting spectral responses. Over the 2 yr study period, the greatest change in PRI resulted from seasonally changing carotenoid : Chl pigment ratios, followed by a previously unreported shifting leaf albedo during periods of deep cold. Remarkably, the smallest change was attributable to the xanthophyll cycle. To properly distinguish these three effects, interpretation of PRI must consider temporal context, physiological responses to evolving environmental conditions, and spectral response. Consideration of the separate mechanisms affecting PRI over different timescales could greatly improve efforts to monitor changing photosynthetic activity using optical remote sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Y S Wong
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - John A Gamon
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E3, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada
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