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Tiganescu A, Hupe M, Uchida Y, Mauro T, Elias PM, Holleran WM. Topical 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Inhibition Corrects Cutaneous Features of Systemic Glucocorticoid Excess in Female Mice. Endocrinology 2018; 159:547-556. [PMID: 29087473 PMCID: PMC6459061 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) excess drives multiple cutaneous adverse effects, including skin thinning and poor wound healing. The ubiquitously expressed enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) activates mouse corticosterone from 11-dehydrocorticosterone (and human cortisol from cortisone). We previously demonstrated elevated 11β-HSD1 activity during mouse wound healing, but the interplay between cutaneous 11β-HSD1 and systemic GC excess is unexplored. Here, we examined effects of 11β-HSD1 inhibition by carbenoxolone (CBX) in mice treated with corticosterone (CORT) or vehicle for 6 weeks. Mice were treated bidaily with topical CBX or vehicle (VEH) 7 days before wounding and during wound healing. CORT mice displayed skin thinning and impaired wound healing but also increased epidermal integrity. 11β-HSD1 activity was elevated in unwounded CORT skin and was inhibited by CBX. CORT mice treated with CBX displayed 51%, 59%, and 100% normalization of wound healing, epidermal thickness, and epidermal integrity, respectively. Gene expression studies revealed normalization of interleukin 6, keratinocyte growth factor, collagen 1, collagen 3, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 4 by CBX during wound healing. Importantly, proinflammatory cytokine expression and resolution of inflammation were unaffected by 11β-HSD1 inhibition. CBX did not regulate skin function or wound healing in the absence of CORT. Our findings demonstrate that 11β-HSD1 inhibition can limit the cutaneous effects of GC excess, which may improve the safety profile of systemic steroids and the prognosis of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Tiganescu
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, England
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Correspondence: Ana Tiganescu, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Level 8, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, England. E-mail:
| | - Melanie Hupe
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Yoshikazu Uchida
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Theadora Mauro
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Peter M Elias
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Walter M Holleran
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Cibickova L, Caran T, Dobias M, Ondra P, Vorisek V, Cibicek N. Multi-drug intoxication fatality involving atorvastatin: A case report. Forensic Sci Int 2015; 257:e26-e31. [PMID: 26508377 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mixed antihypertensive drug intoxication poses a significant risk for patient mortality. In tandem to antihypertensives, hypolipidemic medicines (especially statins) are often prescribed. Among their well-known adverse effects belongs rhabdomyolysis. We report a case of fatal multi-drug overdose in a 65-year-old female alcoholic. The patient was unconscious at admission. Empty blister packs indicated the abuse of 250 tablets of urapidil, 42 tablets of verapamil/trandolapril, 50 tablets of moxonidin, 80 tablets of atorvastatin and 80 tablets of diacerein. Standard measures (gastric lavage, activated charcoal, mechanical ventilation, massive doses of vasopressors, volume expansion, diuretics and alkalinization) failed to provide sufficient drug elimination and hemodynamic support and the sufferer deceased on the fourth day. Dramatic elevations of serum myoglobin (34,020 μg/L) and creatine kinase (219 μkat/L) were accompanied by rise in cardiac troponin I and creatinine. Gas chromatography revealed ethanol 1.17 g/kg (blood) and 2.81 g/kg (urine). Thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography of gastric content and urine verified verapamil, moxonidin and urapidil fragment (diacerein method was unavailable). Atorvastatin and trandolapril concentrations (LC-MS(n)) equaled 277.7 μg/L and 57.5 μg/L, resp. (serum) and 8.15 μg/L and 602.3 μg/L, resp. (urine). Histology confirmed precipitates of myoglobin with acute necrosis of proximal renal tubules in association with striated muscle rhabdomyolysis and myocardial dystrophy. Cardiogenic-distributive shock in conjunction with acute renal failure due to the combined self-poisoning with vasoactive agents and atorvastatin were determined to be this decedent's immediate cause of death. The manner of death was assigned to be suicidal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubica Cibickova
- 3(rd) Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Palacky University Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Caran
- Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Hospital Hranice, Zborovská 1245, 753 22 Hranice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dobias
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Medical Law, University Hospital Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 775 09 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Ondra
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Medical Law, University Hospital Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 775 09 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Vorisek
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Norbert Cibicek
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
A 54-year-old woman took an overdose of 1 800 mg piroxicam. She complained of nausea and abdominal pain. Endoscopy revealed multiple superficial ulcerations in the pyloric antrum and the first part of duodenum. There were no symptoms or signs from other organ system and recovery was uneventful. The highest serum concentration was 241.6 mg/l, which is about 30 times the usual therapeutic level of 5-10 mg/l.
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Anand JS, Habrat B, Sut M, Korolkiewicz R. [Misuse of substances theoretically without abuse potential--case series]. Przegl Lek 2009; 66:290-292. [PMID: 19788132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to present cases of misuse of different substances theoretically without abuse potential. In the last few years such behavior became an increasing problem in toxicological and emergency units. Lack of typical signs of intoxication with psychoactive substances, and negative results of standard toxicological tests may be a challenge for toxicologists and emergency medicine practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Sein Anand
- Katedra i Klinika Chorób Wewnetrznych, Geriatrii i Toksykologii Klinicznej, 80-211 Gdańsk, ul. Debinki 7.
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Abstract
Netherton syndrome is a congenital skin disease associated with decreased skin barrier function and increased percutaneous absorption. We report an 11-year-old boy with Netherton syndrome who developed Cushing syndrome after application of 1% hydrocortisone ointment to his entire body for more than 1 year. This presentation illustrates that even low-potency steroid ointments should be used with caution in Netherton syndrome and warns about the use of long-term topical medications with potential systemic side effects when used in large quantities in any chronic skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline P Halverstam
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Dermatology) and Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Balbani APS, Duarte JG, Montovani JC. [Retrospective analysis of toxicity of eardrops, topical nasal and oropharyngeal medicines, documented in São Paulo, Brazil]. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2005; 50:433-8; discussion 361. [PMID: 15666027 DOI: 10.1590/s0104-42302004000400036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retrospective analysis of human toxicity files involving topical medicines for treatment of upper airways diseases (eardrops, topical nasal medicines, lozenges, drops and sprays for oropharyngeal affections). METHODS Thirty-four brands of eardrops, 48 of topical nasal medicines and 22 of tablets, lozenges and sprays for oropharyngeal affections were selected, from a total of 104 products available in Brazil. We analyzed the registries in the electronic database from the Poison Control Centre of São Paulo (CCI-Jabaquara), Brazil, for the period from January 1996 through December 2000. The cases related to selected pharmaceuticals were collected. RESULTS 10,823 cases of human toxicity caused by medicines were voluntarily reported to CCI-Jabaquara. Topical medicines for treatment of upper airways diseases accounted for 291 cases (2.68%), from which 240 (82.5%) represented poisoning; 12 (4.1%) involved ear drops, 268 (92%), topical nasal medicines and 11 (3.9%), topical medicines for oropharyngeal affections. Among topical nasal medicines, vasoconstrictors predominated (233 cases), and among medicines for oropharyngeal affections, it was tetracaine (four cases). Considering age distribution, toxicity predominated significantly in children aged from 1 to 4 years (p=0.0003). The main causes of toxicity were: accidental intake of medicines (43%) and error in drug administration (14.8%). Hypereflexia and vomiting were the most frequent symptoms related to toxicity. CONCLUSIONS There was significant incidence of systemic toxicity due to eardrops, topical nasal and oropharyngeal medicines in children 1 to 4 years-old, whose main cause was accidental intake of these medicines.
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Naumovski J, Bozinovska C, Kovkarova E, Petkovska L. Single‐Dose Dexamemthasone‐Induced Adrenocortical Suppression in an Intentional Self‐Poisoning—Case Report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 41:895. [PMID: 14677804 DOI: 10.1081/clt-120025360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- A Spray
- Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Dunn RJ. Massive sulfasalazine and paracetamol ingestion causing acidosis, hyperglycemia, coagulopathy, and methemoglobinemia. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1998; 36:239-42. [PMID: 9656981 DOI: 10.3109/15563659809028946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CASE REPORTS Reports of acute toxicity following sulfasalazine ingestion are rare. A case of an acute ingestion of sulfasalazine 50 g and paracetamol 50 g resulting in severe lactic acidosis, seizures, coagulopathy, hyperglycemia, ketosis, and methemoglobinemia is reported. Despite the ingestion of a large amount of paracetamol with serum paracetamol 5486 nmol/L (844 mg/L), significant hepatotoxicity did not occur. The patient recovered fully following administration of intravenous N-acetylcysteine, methylene blue, sodium bicarbonate, and supportive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Dunn
- University of Sydney, Department of Emergency Medicine, Canberra Hospital, Garran, ACT, Australia.
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Matfin G, Durand D, Christopher KR, Adelman HM. A confused man with rapid respiration. Hosp Pract (1995) 1998; 33:19-20, 23. [PMID: 9484292 DOI: 10.1080/21548331.1998.11443631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A 71-year-old man presented with incoherent, slurred speech, auditory hallucinations, and tachypnea. According to the neighbor who called for emergency medical service, the man had appeared to be in good health the day before. On admission, his blood pressure was normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Matfin
- Department of Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, USA
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O'Brien WM, Bagby GF. Rare adverse reactions to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. 4. J Rheumatol 1985; 12:785-90. [PMID: 3903159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Abstract
A report of the first fatal self-poisoning due to primary toxicity of benoxaprofen. Benoxaprofen is toxic in acute overdosage to the central nervous system, myocardium and kidneys, but appears to spare the liver.
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MacDougall LG, Taylor-Smith A, Rothberg AD, Thomson PD. Piroxicam poisoning in a 2-year-old child. A case report. S Afr Med J 1984; 66:31-3. [PMID: 6729655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This report describes the severe multisystem toxicity which followed ingestion of 5 piroxicam capsules (100 mg) by a 2-year-old child. Gastro-intestinal symptoms developed within 2 hours, resulting in severe fluid and electrolyte imbalance, mental confusion and a generalized seizure. Evidence of liver and renal dysfunction developed within 3 days. Haemopoietic toxicity was manifested by progressive peripheral pancytopenia, bone marrow aplasia and coagulopathy. Pseudomonas septicaemia developed during the period of neutropenia. Clinical, biochemical and haematological abnormalities slowly resolved over 3-4 weeks. In view of the increasing use of piroxicam as an anti-inflammatory agent it seemed important to draw attention to the potentially serious effects of accidental overdosage.
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Toxicity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The Medical Letter. Conn Med 1984; 48:53-4. [PMID: 6723286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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16
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Court H, Volans GN. Poisoning after overdose with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Adverse Drug React Acute Poisoning Rev 1984; 3:1-21. [PMID: 6541425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Laake K, Borchgrevink CF, Kjeldaas L. [Accidental overdosage of a combination of prescribed and over-the-counter drugs]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 1983; 103:2061-2. [PMID: 6658730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Joubert DW. Zomepirac overdose and review of literature on acute toxicity of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 1982; 16:328-30. [PMID: 6121697 DOI: 10.1177/106002808201600410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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20
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Abstract
Drug overdose is a common occurrence which accounts for up to 25% of medical inpatient admissions. Intentional overdose or attempted suicide is the most common cause of overdose, but there are other types of overdose which are often unrecognised as are the effects caused by these overdoses. Iatrogenic overdose occurs frequently and is often unavoidable. Many patients will make mistakes with their treatment and unwittingly suffer from the toxic effects of the drugs they are taking. About 7% of intentional overdose patients who are admitted to hospital have taken the drug for some psychological effect they have been seeking and have taken too much. This group is described as those who take 'drugs for kicks'. As many of the drugs taken cross the blood-brain barrier and exert some toxic effect on the cerebral cortex, secondary psychological disturbances frequently occur in all of these groups of patients, and can sometimes be the only sign of dangerous toxicity. It is important to recognise the patient's gross disturbances of behaviour, thinking and perception as a manifestation of drug toxicity which can be life threatening and often requires intense medical treatment. The range of the psychological response is somewhat limited and there is not a specific psychological disturbance characteristic of the toxicity of each group of drugs. However, there are some reactions which, coupled with the physical symptoms shown by the patient, can help to identify the patient as suffering from the toxic effects of drugs and even give some indication as to the type of drugs taken. This article describes the various psychiatric syndromes caused by drugs in overdose and attempts to identify these with most of the commonly encountered groups of drugs.
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Jost R, Jüngst BK. [Unusual reactions in drug poisoning in children]. Munch Med Wochenschr 1972; 114:1570-3. [PMID: 4678038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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22
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Smída I. [Acute poisoning with Ketason (ketophenylbutazone) in a 21-month-old boy]. Cesk Pediatr 1969; 24:806-8. [PMID: 5811261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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