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Lolansen SD, Rostgaard N, Oernbo EK, Juhler M, Simonsen AH, MacAulay N. Inflammatory Markers in Cerebrospinal Fluid from Patients with Hydrocephalus: A Systematic Literature Review. Dis Markers 2021; 2021:8834822. [PMID: 33613789 PMCID: PMC7875647 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8834822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate existing literature on inflammatory markers in CSF from patients with hydrocephalus and identify potential markers capable of promoting hydrocephalus development and progression. METHODS Relevant studies published before December 3rd 2020 were identified from PubMed, Embase, and reference lists. Studies were screened for eligibility using the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data from eligible studies were extracted, and sources of bias were evaluated. We included articles written in English investigating inflammatory markers in CSF from patients with hydrocephalus and control subjects. The review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines by three independent reviewers. RESULTS Twenty-two studies analyzed CSF from 311 patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), 178 with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH), 151 with other hydrocephalus diagnoses, and 394 control subjects. Fifty-eight inflammatory markers were investigated. The CSF of iNPH patients had increased CSF levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and LRG compared with control subjects, whereas the CSF of PHH patients had increased levels of IL-6, IL-18, and VEGF. CSF from patients with "other hydrocephalus diagnoses" had elevated IFN-γ compared to control subjects, and VEGF was increased in congenital hydrocephalus, spina bifida, and hydrocephalus associated with tuberculous meningitis compared with controls. CONCLUSION IL-6, IL-1β, LRG, IL-18, VEGF, and IFN-γ are elevated in CSF from patients with hydrocephalus and may be involved in promotion of hydrocephalus development and progression. They may serve as novel disease biomarkers, and their signaling pathways may represent targets for pharmacological management of hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina Rostgaard
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Kjer Oernbo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Juhler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Hviid Simonsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna MacAulay
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Sošić M, Antončić I, Tarčuković J, Dunatov S, Šustić A, Ćurko-Cofek B, Sotošek V. Effect of intraventricularly administered low-dose recombinant tissue plasminogen activator on interleukin 1-beta and transforming growth factor beta concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage associated with intraventricular hemorrhage: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19966. [PMID: 32443298 PMCID: PMC7253702 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that modulation of brain inflammation may uncover new potential therapeutic strategies for stroke. Recent studies have shifted focus from immunological implications in ischemic stroke to a more devastating form; the hemorrhagic stroke.The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroinflammatory response in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) associated with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in the presence of low-dose recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA).This retrospective study included 88 adults with primary ICH associated with IVH. Patients were divided into 2 groups: rt-PA group and non-rt-PA group, which received normal standard of care for this diagnosis. The rt-PA group was treated via catheter-based clot lysis using low-dose rt-PA injected through the external ventricular drain (EVD) system, and the non-rt-PA group was treated with saline applied to EVD system in equivalent volume. Cerebrospinal fluid samples from rt-PA were obtained from the EVD system at 4 time points: once before the drug administration, and then on day 1, 3, and 7. No attempt at randomization was made. The decision to inject rt-PA was based on the preference of the primary attending neurologist and the ability to obtain consent. Temporal interleukin-1 beta and transforming growth factor beta concentration changes were analyzed and compared between the 2 groups.The concentration of interleukin-1 beta was significantly lower in the rt-PA group than in the non-rt-PA group on day 7. In addition, the concentration of transforming growth factor beta was significantly higher in the rt-PA group than in the non-rt-PA group on day 1. There was a significant difference in interleukin-1 beta concentration between days 0 and 1 in comparison to day 3 in the rt-PA group, and between day 0 in comparison to day 3 and 7 in the non-rt-PA group. We also observed a significant difference in transforming growth factor beta concentration between days 0 and 1 and between days 3 and 7.The different pattern of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with ICH associated with IVH suggest distinct characteristics of secondary brain injury depending on the treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matija Sošić
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Janja Tarčuković
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Siniša Dunatov
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Alan Šustić
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Clinical Medical Science II, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Božena Ćurko-Cofek
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Vlatka Sotošek
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Clinical Medical Science II, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Xu Y, Li S, Cai C, Liu J, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Du L, Chen Z. Characterization of inflammatory cytokine profiles in cerebrospinal fluid of hand, foot, and mouth disease children with enterovirus 71-related encephalitis in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e18464. [PMID: 31876729 PMCID: PMC6946215 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is an important etiological agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), which can also lead to severe neurological complications (eg, encephalitis) in young children. Although a series of reports on EV71 infection have been published, the pathogenic mechanism of EV71 infection is still not fully understood.We evaluated the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-8, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-12p70 in 88 children with EV71-related encephalitis and 19 children with febrile convulsion (FC) with the use of commercial cytometric bead array kits.The levels of IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 in CSF were significantly higher in encephalitis group when compared with those observed in FC group, while no significant changes were noted in the levels of TNF-α and IL-12p70. In addition, significant and positive correlations among CSF IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 were observed in encephalitis group. Furthermore, receiver operator characteristic analysis determined a cut-off value of 10.62 pg/mL for IL-6 to discriminate encephalitis patients from FCs with the sensitivity and specificity of 89.8% and 84.2%, respectively. Moreover, logistic regression analyses revealed that IL-6 was an independent predictor of EV71-related encephalitis (odds ratio = 23.241, P < .001).Our results indicate that 4 inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) play important roles in the pathogenesis of EV71 infection. IL-6 may be used for the evaluation of EV71-related encephalitis and as a potential therapy candidate for EV71 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Xu
- Department of Pulmonology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Shuxian Li
- Department of Pulmonology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Chunyan Cai
- Department of Infectious Disease, Hangzhou Children's Hospital
| | - Jinling Liu
- Department of Pulmonology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Yingshuo Wang
- Department of Pulmonology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Department of Pulmonology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Lizhong Du
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Department of Pulmonology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
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Yin Y, Hong J, Phạm TL, Shin J, Gwon DH, Kwon HH, Shin N, Shin HJ, Lee SY, Lee WH, Kim DW. Evans Blue Reduces Neuropathic Pain Behavior by Inhibiting Spinal ATP Release. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184443. [PMID: 31505901 PMCID: PMC6770806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon peripheral nerve injury, vesicular ATP is released from damaged primary afferent neurons. This extracellular ATP subsequently activates purinergic receptors of the spinal cord, which play a critical role in neuropathic pain. As an inhibitor of the vesicular nucleotide transporter (VNUT), Evans blue (EB) inhibits the vesicular storage and release of ATP in neurons. Thus, we tested whether EB could attenuate neuropathic pain behavior induced by spinal nerve ligation (SNL) in rats by targeting VNUT. An intrathecal injection of EB efficiently attenuated mechanical allodynia for five days in a dose-dependent manner and enhanced locomotive activity in an SNL rat model. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that EB was found in VNUT immunoreactivity on neurons in the dorsal root ganglion and the spinal dorsal horn. The level of ATP in cerebrospinal fluid in rats with SNL-induced neuropathic pain decreased upon administration of EB. Interestingly, EB blocked ATP release from neurons, but not glial cells in vitro. Eventually, the loss of ATP decreased microglial activity in the ipsilateral dorsal horn of the spinal cord, followed by a reduction in reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory mediators, such as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. Finally, a similar analgesic effect of EB was demonstrated in rats with monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis (OA) pain. Taken together, these data demonstrate that EB prevents ATP release in the spinal dorsal horn and reduces the ATP/purinergic receptor-induced activation of spinal microglia followed by a decline in algogenic substances, thereby relieving neuropathic pain in rats with SNL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Yin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| | - Jinpyo Hong
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| | - Thuỳ Linh Phạm
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| | - Juhee Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| | - Do Hyeong Gwon
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| | - Hyeok Hee Kwon
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| | - Nara Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| | - Hyo Jung Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| | - Sun Yeul Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| | - Won-Hyung Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
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Andrade P, Cornips EMJ, Sommer C, Daemen MA, Visser-Vandewalle V, Hoogland G. Elevated inflammatory cytokine expression in CSF from patients with symptomatic thoracic disc herniation correlates with increased pain scores. Spine J 2018; 18:2316-2322. [PMID: 30077044 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of pain in patients with symptomatic thoracic disc herniation (TDH) remains poorly understood. Mere mechanical compression of the spinal cord and/or the exiting nerve root by a prolapsed disc cannot explain the pathogenesis of pain in all cases. Previous studies report a direct correlation between the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in disc biopsies and the severity of leg pain in patients with lumbar disc herniation. A similar correlation in patients with TDH has not been investigated. PURPOSE To correlate the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) expression of cytokines and pain-related amino acids with preoperative pain scores in patients with symptomatic TDH. STUDY DESIGN A prospective human study of CSF samples and clinical outcome scores. METHODS Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we determined inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10) and amino acid levels (glutamate, aspartate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glycine, and arginine) in CSF samples from 10 patients with TDH and 10 control subjects who did not suffer an inflammatory disease nor pain related to spinal cord compression and subsequently correlated these levels with preoperative pain scores. Differences between both groups were evaluated by a Mann-Whitney U test. In order to estimate the correlation between cytokine or amino acid expression and pain scores, data were analyzed using a linear regression analysis. RESULTS No inflammatory cytokines were found in CSF samples from control subjects, whereas TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10 were detectable by ELISA in all CSF samples from patients with TDH. TNF-α and IL-10 but not IL-1β levels moderately correlated with preoperative pain scores. Elevated TNF-αlevels positively correlated with high pain scores; elevated IL-10 levels negatively correlated with high pain scores. Amino acids were detectable in all samples from both groups. There were no significant differences between the groups in any of the amino acids measured with HPLC. CONCLUSION Increased proinflammatory cytokine expression is associated with elevated pain scores in patients with symptomatic TDH. On the other hand, there is no conclusive correlation between the intensity of pain and the local or systemic presence of amino acids associated with pain transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Andrade
- Department of General Neurosurgery, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, Netherlands.
| | - Erwin M J Cornips
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Claudia Sommer
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-StraÔe 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marc A Daemen
- Department of Neurosurgery, NedSpine, Pascalstraat 21, 6716 AZ, Ede, Netherlands
| | - Veerle Visser-Vandewalle
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Govert Hoogland
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX, Maastricht, Netherlands
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肖 汉, 谢 茜, 钟 家, Rukundo BG, 何 肖, 屈 雅, 曹 虹. [Effect of vimentin on activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in the brain of mice with EV71 infection]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2018; 38:704-710. [PMID: 29997093 PMCID: PMC6765721 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.06.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether vimentin (VIM) mediates the activation of inflammasome in mice with EV71 infection in the central nervous system. METHODS Forty VIM knockout mice (VIM-/-, 3 to 5 days old) were randomly divided into control group and infection group. The infection group was intraperitoneally injected with EV71 (108 TCID50), while the control group was injected with PBS (10 µL); another 40 wild-type mice (WT, 3 to 5 days old) were grouped in the same manner. The general conditions of mice were observed each day. Western blotting, ELISA, and RT-PCR were used to measure the levels of IL-1β and casepase-1 in the brain or cerebrospinal fluid. The pathological changes in the cerebella and brain were observed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the VIM-/- mice infected with EV71 showed no significant changes in NLRP3, IL-1β or caspase-1 expression. The WT mice infected with EV71 showed obviously increased NLRP3, IL-1β, and caspase-1 expressions in the central nervous system. The neurons of infected VIM-/- mice exhibited milder cell damage than the those in WT mice. CONCLUSION VIM mediates the activation of inflammasome and promotes brain inflammation and neuronal damage in mice with EV71 infection in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- 汉森 肖
- 南方医科大学 广东省热带病研究重点实验室//微生物学系,广东 广州 510515Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases/Department of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 茜 谢
- 南方医科大学 广东省热带病研究重点实验室//微生物学系,广东 广州 510515Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases/Department of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 家禹 钟
- 南方医科大学 广东省热带病研究重点实验室//微生物学系,广东 广州 510515Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases/Department of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 广州市妇女 儿童医疗中心中心实验室,广东 广州 510623Central Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Bisanga Gerald Rukundo
- 南方医科大学 广东省热带病研究重点实验室//微生物学系,广东 广州 510515Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases/Department of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 南方医科大学 国际教育学院,广东 广州 510515Institute of International Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 肖龙 何
- 南方医科大学 广东省热带病研究重点实验室//微生物学系,广东 广州 510515Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases/Department of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 雅丽 屈
- 南方医科大学 广东省热带病研究重点实验室//微生物学系,广东 广州 510515Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases/Department of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 虹 曹
- 南方医科大学 广东省热带病研究重点实验室//微生物学系,广东 广州 510515Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases/Department of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Gomes de Andrade G, Reck Cechinel L, Bertoldi K, Galvão F, Valdeci Worm P, Rodrigues Siqueira I. The Aging Process Alters IL-1β and CD63 Levels Differently in Extracellular Vesicles Obtained from the Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid. Neuroimmunomodulation 2018; 25:18-22. [PMID: 30021215 DOI: 10.1159/000488943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) The aim of this study was to investigate exosomal markers and inflammatory cargo of extracellular vesicles (EVs) obtained from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma in the aging process. We also studied the inflammatory cargo by quantifying IL-1β levels. METHODS Male Wistar rats, aged 3 and 21 months, were used (n = 12 in each group). The CSF and plasma of animals were collected, and isolation of EVs was performed using a commercial kit. Total protein concentration, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and CD63 and IL-1β levels were evaluated. RESULTS AChE activity in EVs increased in both samples, specifically in the circulating EVs and those in the CSF of the older group. An age-related increase was observed in CD63 levels in EVs from the CSF but a decrease was observed in plasma EVs of the older group. Student's t test showed that the young adult rats had significantly higher circulating IL-1β levels in the EVs compared to the aged ones, without any effect on central content. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the normal aging process causes different changes in the profiles of central and circulating EVs. Altered IL-1β levels in circulating EVs can be linked, at least partly, to age-related inflammatory conditions, and a disruption of the CFS exosomes in aged rats, evaluated by CD63 levels, can be related to susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Gomes de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Laura Reck Cechinel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Karine Bertoldi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernando Galvão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paulo Valdeci Worm
- Departamento de Neurocirurgia, Hospital São José, Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Departamento de Neurocirurgia, Hospital Cristo Redentor, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ionara Rodrigues Siqueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Šumanović-Glamuzina D, Čulo F, Čulo MI, Konjevoda P, Jerković-Raguž M. A comparison of blood and cerebrospinal fluid cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α) in neonates with perinatal hypoxia. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2017; 17:203-210. [PMID: 28418828 PMCID: PMC5581968 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2017.1381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia is a specific and important pathological event in neonatal care practice. The data on relationship between the concentrations of cytokines in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and perinatal brain injury are scarce. The aim of this study is to evaluate changes in interleukin (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels in newborns with perinatal hypoxia (PNH). CSF and serum samples of 35 term and near-term (35-40 weeks) newborns with PNH, at the age of 3-96 hours, were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Control group consisted of 25 non-asphyxic/non-hypoxic infants of the same age sampled for clinically suspected perinatal meningitis, but proven negative and healthy otherwise. The cytokine values in CSF and serum samples were determined in relation to initial hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) staged according the Sarnat/Sarnat method, and compared with neurological outcome at 12 months of age estimated using Amiel-Tison procedure. The concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum of PNH patients were significantly higher compared to control group (p = 0.0407 and p = 0.023, respectively). No significant difference between average values of cytokines in relation to the stage of HIE was observed. Significantly higher levels of IL-6 and IL-18 corresponded to a mildly abnormal neurological outcome, while higher levels of IL-6 and TNF-α corresponded to a severely abnormal neurological outcome, at 12 months of age. Elevated serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α better corresponded with hypoxia/ischemia compared to CSF values, within 96 hours of birth. Also, higher serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-18 corresponded better with abnormal neurological outcome at 12 months of age, compared to CSF values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darinka Šumanović-Glamuzina
- Department of Neonatology and Intensive Care, Clinic for Child Diseases, University Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Shi LM, Chen RJ, Zhang H, Jiang CM, Gong J. Cerebrospinal fluid neuron specific enolase, interleukin-1β and erythropoietin concentrations in children after seizures. Childs Nerv Syst 2017; 33:805-811. [PMID: 28236069 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-017-3359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the present study, the levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and erythropoietin (EPO) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in children with idiopathic epilepsy were measured to illuminate the relationships between these markers with idiopathic epilepsy. METHODS Eighty-five children from 6 months to 12.5 years of age with single, previously undiagnosed, and untreated idiopathic epilepsy were participated in this study. The concentrations of CSF NSE, 1L-1β, and EPO were measured by specific ELISA methods. RESULTS The mean concentrations of CSF NSE, IL-1β, and EPO in the epileptic groups showed a significant increase (P < 0.01) compared with those in the control groups. Besides, the mutual correlations of NSE, 1L-1β, and EPO were also analyzed. Results showed that there were positive correlations between the levels of IL-1β, NSE, and EPO. CONCLUSIONS The changes of NSE, 1L-1β, and EPO level in CSF may be beneficial for the pathophysiology study of epileptic seizures and the identification and diagnosis of a seizure clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Min Shi
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Jie Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Ming Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, 301103, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Gong
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Medical Laboratory Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Tamai M, Kobayashi N, Shimada K, Oka N, Takahashi M, Tanuma A, Tanemoto T, Namba H, Saito Y, Wada Y, Okamoto A, Ida H, Kondo K. Increased interleukin-1β and basic fibroblast growth factor levels in the cerebrospinal fluid during human herpesvirus-6B (HHV-6B) encephalitis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:706-711. [PMID: 28342868 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) causes exanthema subitum in infants and is known to be mildly pathogenic. However, HHV-6B infection can induce febrile seizures in a high percentage of patients, and in rare cases, result in encephalitis. We detected higher levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CFS) of patients with HHV-6B encephalitis when compared to those in patients with non-HHV-6B-induced febrile seizures. In vitro, IL-1β and bFGF enhanced HHV-6B gene expression in infected U373 astrocytes during the initial and maintenance phases of infection, respectively. These findings indicated that IL-1β and bFGF contribute to HHV-6B growth and the onset of encephalitis.
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MESH Headings
- Astrocytes/metabolism
- Astrocytes/virology
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Line
- Child, Preschool
- DNA, Viral/cerebrospinal fluid
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- Encephalitis, Viral/cerebrospinal fluid
- Encephalitis, Viral/genetics
- Encephalitis, Viral/pathology
- Encephalitis, Viral/virology
- Female
- Fibroblast Growth Factors/cerebrospinal fluid
- Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics
- Gene Expression
- Herpesvirus 6, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 6, Human/growth & development
- Herpesvirus 6, Human/pathogenicity
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Humans
- Infant
- Interleukin-1beta/cerebrospinal fluid
- Interleukin-1beta/genetics
- Male
- RNA, Messenger/cerebrospinal fluid
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Seizures, Febrile/cerebrospinal fluid
- Seizures, Febrile/genetics
- Seizures, Febrile/pathology
- Seizures, Febrile/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Tamai
- Department of Virology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Virology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Shimada
- Department of Virology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Naomi Oka
- Department of Virology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Mayumi Takahashi
- Department of Virology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Akiko Tanuma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanemoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; Department of General Medical Science, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Namba
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Saito
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Wada
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Aikou Okamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ida
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kondo
- Department of Virology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
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Mori F, Nisticò R, Nicoletti CG, Zagaglia S, Mandolesi G, Piccinin S, Martino G, Finardi A, Rossini PM, Marfia GA, Furlan R, Centonze D. RANTES correlates with inflammatory activity and synaptic excitability in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2016; 22:1405-1412. [PMID: 26733422 DOI: 10.1177/1352458515621796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations of synaptic transmission induced by inflammatory activity have been linked to the pathogenic mechanisms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed, and secreted (RANTES) is a pro-inflammatory chemokine involved in MS pathophysiology, potentially able to regulate glutamate release and plasticity in MS brains, with relevant consequences on the clinical manifestations of the disease. OBJECTIVE To assess the role of RANTES in the regulation of cortical excitability. METHODS We explored the association of RANTES levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of newly diagnosed MS patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and laboratory measures of inflammatory activity, as well its role in the control of cortical excitability and plasticity explored by means of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and in hippocampal mouse slices in vitro. RESULTS CSF levels of RANTES were remarkably high only in active MS patients and were correlated with the concentrations of interleukin-1β. RANTES levels were associated with TMS measures of cortical synaptic excitability, but not with long-term potentiation (LTP)-like plasticity. Similar findings were obtained in mouse hippocampal slices in vitro, where we observed that RANTES enhanced basal excitatory synaptic transmission with no effect on LTP. CONCLUSION RANTES correlates with inflammation and synaptic excitability in MS brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mori
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical and Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy/IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Robert Nisticò
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy/Laboratorio di Farmacologia della Plasticità Sinaptica, EBRI-European Brain Research Institute, Roma, Italy
| | - Carolina G Nicoletti
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical and Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy/IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy
| | - Sara Zagaglia
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical and Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy/Clinica di Neurologia, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Sonia Piccinin
- Laboratorio di Farmacologia della Plasticità Sinaptica, EBRI-European Brain Research Institute, Roma, Italy
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Annamaria Finardi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo M Rossini
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy/Brain Connectivity Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Girolama A Marfia
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical and Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy/IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Roberto Furlan
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Diego Centonze
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical and Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy/IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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Kulesh AA, Kuklina EM, Shestakov VV. [THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERUM AND LIQUOR IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, IL-10 LEVELS AND CLINICAL, COGNITIVE AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS IN ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE]. Klin Med (Mosk) 2016; 94:657-662. [PMID: 30296039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation is probably the main process that links cardiovascular risk factors with damage to blood vessels and neurons. Elucidation of mechanisms of this relationship is an important issue. MATERIALS AND METHODS 70 acute stroke patients were studied to assess their neuropsychological (MMSE, MoCA, FAB, Clock Drawing Test, Shulte Tables and Verbal Fluency) and functional status (mRS, Rivermead Mobility Index). The serum and liquor IL-1β, IL-6, TNFa and IL-10 levels were analyzed. Control group included subjects without cerebrovascular diseases. RESULTS Stroke patients had higher IL-10 serum concentration than controls. No difference was found for other cytokines. There was correlation between serum and liquor cytokines levels. We found positive correlation between IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 levels. High IL-1β concentration was associated with vascular risk factors, cardio embolic stroke, enhanced severity of cerebral stroke, low processing speed, impaired executive and visual-spatial functions and higher grade of mRS on discharge. The same pattern was revealed for IL-6 and IL-10. IL-6 level was related to mRS without relation to NIHSS on admission. High TNFa concentration was linked with vascular risk factors, low MMSE score and processing speed. DISCUSSION Despite the antagonistic effects of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 on inflammation, associations of these cytokines with anamnestic, clinical, neuropsychological and functional characteristics were similar in acute ischemic stroke. Probably, this fact indicates that during the acute ischemic brain damage process the immune response develops at the same time in pro- and anti-inflammatory directions. Its magnitude correlates with the damage severity and is associated with the effects of vascular risk factors before stroke.
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Black C, Miller BJ. Meta-Analysis of Cytokines and Chemokines in Suicidality: Distinguishing Suicidal Versus Nonsuicidal Patients. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 78:28-37. [PMID: 25541493 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major psychiatric disorders are associated with inflammation. Aberrant cytokine and chemokine levels have been associated with psychiatric disorders and suicidal behavior. We performed a meta-analysis of cytokine and chemokine levels in patients with versus without suicidality and patients with suicidality versus healthy controls. METHODS We identified articles by searching MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Thomson Reuters Web of Knowledge databases and the reference lists of identified studies. RESULTS Study inclusion criteria were met by 18 studies comprising 583 patients with suicidality, 315 patients without suicidality, and 845 healthy control subjects. Levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were significantly increased in blood and postmortem brain samples of patients with suicidality compared with both patients without suicidality and healthy control subjects (p < .05 for each). In vitro IL-2 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells was significantly decreased in patients with suicidality compared with both patients without suicidality and healthy controls (p < .01 for each). Cerebrospinal fluid levels of IL-8 were significantly decreased in patients with suicidality versus control subjects (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS We found evidence for aberrant cytokine levels in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and postmortem brain samples of patients with suicidality. Levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were most robustly associated with suicidality, and these cytokines may help distinguish suicidal from nonsuicidal patients. Rigorously designed longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate these associations further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Black
- Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Brian J Miller
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia..
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14
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Cape E, Hall RJ, van Munster BC, de Vries A, Howie SEM, Pearson A, Middleton SD, Gillies F, Armstrong IR, White TO, Cunningham C, de Rooij SE, MacLullich AMJ. Cerebrospinal fluid markers of neuroinflammation in delirium: a role for interleukin-1β in delirium after hip fracture. J Psychosom Res 2014; 77:219-25. [PMID: 25124807 PMCID: PMC4274366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exaggerated central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory responses to peripheral stressors may be implicated in delirium. This study hypothesised that the IL-1β family is involved in delirium, predicting increased levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and decreased IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of elderly patients with acute hip fracture. We also hypothesised that Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) would be increased, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) would be decreased. METHODS Participants with acute hip fracture aged >60 (N=43) were assessed for delirium before and 3-4 days after surgery. CSF samples were taken at induction of spinal anaesthesia. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used for protein concentrations. RESULTS Prevalent delirium was diagnosed in eight patients and incident delirium in 17 patients. CSF IL-1β was higher in patients with incident delirium compared to never delirium (incident delirium 1.74 pg/ml (1.02-1.74) vs. prevalent 0.84 pg/ml (0.49-1.57) vs. never 0.66 pg/ml (0-1.02), Kruskal-Wallis p=0.03). CSF:serum IL-1β ratios were higher in delirious than non-delirious patients. CSF IL-1ra was higher in prevalent delirium compared to incident delirium (prevalent delirium 70.75 pg/ml (65.63-73.01) vs. incident 31.06 pg/ml (28.12-35.15) vs. never 33.98 pg/ml (28.71-43.28), Kruskal-Wallis p=0.04). GFAP was not increased in delirium. IFN-γ and IGF-1 were below the detection limit in CSF. CONCLUSION This study provides novel evidence of CNS inflammation involving the IL-1β family in delirium and suggests a rise in CSF IL-1β early in delirium pathogenesis. Future larger CSF studies should examine the role of CNS inflammation in delirium and its sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Cape
- Edinburgh Delirium Research Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Roanna J Hall
- Edinburgh Delirium Research Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; Department of Geriatrics, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
| | - Barbara C van Munster
- Department of Medicine, Amsterdam Delirium Study Group, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Geriatrics, Gelre Hospitals, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sarah E M Howie
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Andrew Pearson
- Edinburgh Delirium Research Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Scott D Middleton
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Fiona Gillies
- Edinburgh Delirium Research Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Ian R Armstrong
- Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Tim O White
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Colm Cunningham
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sophia E de Rooij
- Department of Medicine, Amsterdam Delirium Study Group, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alasdair M J MacLullich
- Edinburgh Delirium Research Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
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Zhang CG, Qu CH, Yang H, Liu WH, He XH. [Zinc and IL-1beta concentration in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in children with febrile seizure]. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi 2013; 29:344-345. [PMID: 24175559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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16
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Li W, Zhang JW, Lu F, Ma MM, Wang JQ, Suo AQ, Bai YY, Liu HQ. [Effects of telmisartan on the level of Aβ1-42, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor α and cognition in hypertensive patients with Alzheimer's disease]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2012; 92:2743-2746. [PMID: 23290159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of telmisartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ-stimulating activity, on the levels of Aβ1-42, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and cognition in elderly hypertensive patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS A total of 48 patients with probable AD and essential hypertension were randomly assigned into telmisartan group (n = 24, 40 - 80 mg qd) or amlodipine group (n = 24, 5 - 10 mg qd) for 6 months at Henan Provincial People's Hospital during 2008 - 2011. Cognitive evaluations were assessed at pre-treatment and 24 weeks post-treatment by clinical assessment, rating scales and neuropsychological tests while the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of Aβ1-42, IL-1β and TNF-α by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS After 6 months, mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) significantly decreased compared with baseline values to a similar extent in both groups. No significant differences existed between two groups in SBP or DBP. The patients displayed significantly higher Aβ1-42 and greatly lower levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the telmisartan group versus the amlodipine group (P < 0.05). At 24 weeks, the patients in the telmisartan group had better mini-mental state examination (MMSE) (22.0 ± 3.4) and Alzheimer's disease assessment scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) (15 ± 5) scales scores than those taking amlodipine (MMSE (19.5 ± 2.8) and ADAS-cog (18 ± 5). Patients treated with telmisartan had better improvement on the MMSE (P < 0.05) and ADAS-cog (P < 0.05) scales compared with the amlodipine group by the end of study week 24. CONCLUSION Telmisartan may delay the decreased level of Aβ1-42 and reduce the levels IL-1β and TNF-α in CSF so as to improve the cognitive function of elderly hypertensive patients with AD. With additional benefits in comparison with common antihypertensive drugs, it may offer a novel therapeutic strategy of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
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Rasouli J, Lekhraj R, White NM, Flamm ES, Pilla AA, Strauch B, Casper D. Attenuation of interleukin-1beta by pulsed electromagnetic fields after traumatic brain injury. Neurosci Lett 2012; 519:4-8. [PMID: 22503903 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in civilian and military populations. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine with a key role in the inflammatory response following TBI and studies indicate that attenuation of this cytokine improves behavioral outcomes. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) can reduce inflammation after soft tissue injuries in animals and humans. Therefore, we explored whether PEMF signals could alter the course of IL-1β production in rats subjected to closed-head contusive weight-drop injuries (Marmarou method) and penetrating needle-stick brain injuries. Protein levels, measured by the Biorad assay, were not altered by injuries or PEMF treatment. In addition, we verified that IL-1β levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were proportional to injury severity in the contusion model. Results demonstrate that PEMF treatment attenuated IL-1β levels up to 10-fold in CSF within 6h after contusive injury and also significantly suppressed IL-1β within 17-24h after penetrating injury. In contrast, no differences in IL-1β were seen between PEMF-treated and control groups in brain homogenates. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of the use of PEMF to modulate an inflammatory cytokine after TBI. These results warrant further studies to assess the effects of PEMF on other inflammatory markers and functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Rasouli
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, 111 E. 210th St., Bronx, NY 10467, United States
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Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory and demyelinating syndrome characterized by severe attacks of myelitis and optic neuritis. A crucial role for humoral immunity in the NMO pathogenesis has been suggested by the detection of a highly specific serum autoantibody NMO immunoglobulin G that binds to aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channels, and the pronounced deposition of immunoglobulins colocalizing with products of complement activation in a vasculocentric pattern around thickened hyalinized blood vessels in NMO lesions. Moreover, we have recently demonstrated that levels of several cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β are increased in the cerebrospinal fluid of NMO patients, and the peripheral white matter-demyelinating cord lesions of NMO were accompanied by infiltration of lymphocytes in the leptomeningeal membrane. These cellular elements in patients with NMO might aid B cells and plasma cells in AQP4 antibody production, and break the blood-brain barrier due to the access of AQP4 antibodies to the extracellular domain of AQP4 at the astrocytic foot process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Kawachi
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University
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Abstract
To explore whether or not the umbilical blood levels of cytokines can be used to indicate the adverse outcomes of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) patients. Umbilical artery blood and peripheral venous blood samples were collected on the 1st, 3rd and 7th days after birth to detect the levels of IL-1 beta, IL-8 and TNF-alpha. Neurological examination and Denver developmental screening test (DDST-II) were performed at the 6 and 12 months evaluations to detect any neurodevelopmental abnormalities. The results showed: (i) the serum concentrations of IL-1 beta, IL-8 and TNF-alpha in umbilical and peripheral blood were significantly higher in HIE patients than control groups; (ii) the umbilical blood concentrations of IL-1 beta exhibited the best positive correlation with HIE grades, when compared with IL-8 and TNF-alpha; and (iii) abnormal neurological outcomes at 6 and 12 months of age were best predicted by umbilical levels of IL-1 beta. Thus, umbilical concentrations of IL-1 beta were associated with the grades and adverse outcomes of HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Neonatology and NICU Feng, Bayi Children's Hospital Affiliated with Beijing Military Region General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China.
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Lehtimäki KA, Keränen T, Palmio J, Peltola J. Levels of IL-1beta and IL-1ra in cerebrospinal fluid of human patients after single and prolonged seizures. Neuroimmunomodulation 2010; 17:19-22. [PMID: 19816053 DOI: 10.1159/000243081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimentally induced seizures are associated with increased production of inflammatory cytokines in the nervous system. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid levels of cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been found after a single generalized seizure in human patients. After prolonged seizures, levels of IL-6 have been shown to be even higher compared with single seizures. In the present study, we determined the levels of proconvulsive IL-1beta and anticonvulsive IL-1ra in cerebrospinal fluid after single tonic-clonic seizures as well as after prolonged seizures. METHODS The levels of cytokines were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS We found that after single seizures, a slight increase in anticonvulsive IL-1ra levels was found; however, after prolonged partial or recurrent tonic-clonic seizures, the levels of IL-1ra were significantly elevated, together with decreased IL-1beta levels. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that after severe seizures, the balance between IL-1-type cytokines is changed towards a neuroprotective and anticonvulsive direction with an overproduction of IL-1ra with respect to potentially neurotoxic IL-1beta. This reaction may serve as a defense mechanism of the nervous system against excitotoxic neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai A Lehtimäki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tampere University Hospital, FI-33521 Tampere, Finland.
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Dhungana S, Sharrack B, Woodroofe N. IL-1β, TNF and IP-10 in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum are not altered in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension compared to controls. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2009; 71:896-7. [PMID: 19508602 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03593.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chiaretti A, Antonelli A, Riccardi R, Genovese O, Pezzotti P, Di Rocco C, Tortorolo L, Piedimonte G. Nerve growth factor expression correlates with severity and outcome of traumatic brain injury in children. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2008; 12:195-204. [PMID: 17881264 PMCID: PMC3704228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2007.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2007] [Revised: 06/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondary brain damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI) involves neuro-inflammatory mechanisms, mainly dependent on the intracerebral production of cytokines. In particular, interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) is associated with neuronal damage, while interleukin 6 (IL-6) exerts a neuroprotective role due to its ability to modulate neurotrophins biosynthesis. However, the relationship between these cytokines and neurotrophins with the severity and outcome of TBI remains still controversial. AIMS To determine whether the concentration of IL-1beta and IL-6 and neurotrophins (nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children with TBI correlates with the severity of the injury and its neurologic outcome. METHODS Prospective observational clinical study in a university hospital. CSF samples were collected from 27 children at 2h (Time T1) and 48 h (Time T2) after severe TBI, and from 21 matched controls. Severity of TBI was evaluated by GCS and neurologic outcome by GOS. CSF concentrations of cytokines and neurotrophins were measured by immunoenzymatic assays. RESULTS Early NGF and IL-1beta concentrations (T1) correlated significantly with the severity of head injury, whereas no correlation was found for IL-6, BDNF, and GDNF. Furthermore, higher NGF and IL-6 and lower IL-1beta expression at T2 were associated with better neurologic outcomes. No significant association was found between BDNF or GDNF expression and neurologic outcome. CONCLUSIONS NGF concentration in CSF is a useful marker of brain damage following severe TBI and its up-regulation, in the first 48 h after head injury together with lower IL-1beta expression, correlates with a favorable neurologic outcome. Clinical and prognostic information may also be obtained from IL-6 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Chiaretti
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
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Bartfai T, Sanchez-Alavez M, Andell-Jonsson S, Schultzberg M, Vezzani A, Danielsson E, Conti B. Interleukin-1 system in CNS stress: seizures, fever, and neurotrauma. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1113:173-7. [PMID: 17656565 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1391.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Proteins of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) system include the secreted agonist IL-1beta, and the receptor antagonist IL-1ra, both competing for binding to the IL-1 receptor (IL-1R). IL-1beta and IL-1ra are highly inducible under different forms of stress, such as excitatory neurotransmitter excess occurring during seizures, in infection and inflammation, and during neurotrauma. In each of these conditions induction of IL-1beta precedes that of IL-1ra, resulting in up to 10-20-fold elevation of IL-1beta concentrations. Consequently, IL-1beta induces the elevation of other proinflammatory molecules, including IL-6, IL-1R1, COX2, and iNOS, as well as of IL-1ra. Elevation of IL-1ra is of key importance for quenching the inflammatory response at the IL-1R1 as part of an autoregulatory loop. In seizures, IL-1ra is a strong anticonvulsant and in IL-1beta-dependent fever, a powerful antipyretic. In traumatic brain injury (TBI), the ability of patients to mount an IL-1ra response, as measured in the CSF, strongly correlated with the neurological outcome. Selective induction or pharmacological application of IL-1ra may be sparing neurons in seizures and neurotrauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Bartfai
- Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences Department, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Hillman J, Aneman O, Persson M, Andersson C, Dabrosin C, Mellergård P. Variations in the response of interleukins in neurosurgical intensive care patients monitored using intracerebral microdialysis. J Neurosurg 2007; 106:820-5. [PMID: 17542525 DOI: 10.3171/jns.2007.106.5.820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT The aim of this study was to make a preliminary evaluation of whether microdialysis monitoring of cytokines and other proteins in severely diseased neurosurgical patients has the potential of adding significant information to optimize care, thus broadening the understanding of the function of these molecules in brain injury. METHODS Paired intracerebral microdialysis catheters with high-cutoff membranes were inserted in 14 comatose patients who had been treated in a neurosurgical intensive care unit following subarachnoidal hemorrhage or traumatic brain injury. Samples were collected every 6 hours (for up to 7 days) and were analyzed at bedside for routine metabolites and later in the laboratory for interleukin (IL)-l and IL-6; in two patients, vascular endothelial growth factor and cathepsin-D were also checked. Aggregated microprobe data gave rough estimations of profound focal cytokine responses related to morphological tissue injury and to anaerobic metabolism that were not evident from the concomitantly collected cerebrospinal fluid data. Data regarding tissue with no macroscopic evidence of injury demonstrated that IL release not only is elicited in severely compromised tissue but also may be a general phenomenon in brains subjected to stress. Macroscopic tissue injury was strongly linked to IL-6 but not IL- lb activation. Furthermore, IL release seems to be stimulated by local ischemia. The basal tissue concentration level of IL-lb was estimated in the range of 10 to 150 pg/ml; for IL-6, the corresponding figure was 1000 to 20,000 pg/ml. CONCLUSIONS Data in the present study indicate that catheters with high-cutoff membranes have the potential of expanding microdialysis to the study of protein chemistry as a routine bedside method in neurointensive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hillman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
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Schmitz T, Heep A, Groenendaal F, Hüseman D, Kie S, Bartmann P, Obladen M, Felderhoff-Müser U. Interleukin-1beta, interleukin-18, and interferon-gamma expression in the cerebrospinal fluid of premature infants with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus--markers of white matter damage? Pediatr Res 2007; 61:722-6. [PMID: 17426654 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e31805341f1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHHC) represents a major complication of preterm birth. The aim of this study was to determine whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-18, and interferon (IFN)-gamma are altered in the CSF of preterm infants with PHHC and may serve as a marker of white matter damage (WMD). Twenty-seven preterm infants with PHHC were included in the study; 13 of them had signs of cystic WMD (cWMD) on ultrasound examinations. CSF sample 1 was obtained at first ventriculostomy, sample 2 at shunt implantation. Results were compared with a control group of 20 age-matched patients without neurologic diseases. IL-1beta concentrations were elevated in CSF sample 1 of PHHC patients without WMD and in sample 1 of patients with cWMD. Concentrations of IL-18 were increased in both samples of patients without WMD and in sample 2 of patients with cWMD. CSF levels of IFN-gamma were elevated in sample 1 of PHHC patients with cWMD. The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1beta and IL-18 levels in the CSF are elevated in patients with PHHC. Higher IFN-gamma levels are detected in a subgroup of patients developing cWMD, indicating its involvement in the pathogenesis of cWMD in the context of PHHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schmitz
- Department of Neonatology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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