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Chen SH, Huang LY, Huang B, Zhang M, Li H, Pang DW, Zhang ZL, Cui R. Ultrasmall MnSe Nanoparticles as T1-MRI Contrast Agents for In Vivo Tumor Imaging. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:11167-11176. [PMID: 35226454 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c25101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has excellent potential in the clinical monitoring of tumors because it can provide high-resolution soft tissue imaging. However, commercial contrast agents (CAs) used in MRI still have some problems such as potential toxicity to the human body, low relaxivity, and a short MRI acquisition window. In this study, ultrasmall MnSe nanoparticles are synthesized by living Staphylococcus aureus cells. The as-prepared MnSe nanoparticles are monodispersed with a uniform particle size (3.50 ± 0.52 nm). Due to the ultrasmall particle size and good water solubility, the MnSe nanoparticles exhibit in vitro high longitudinal relaxivity properties (14.12 ± 1.85 mM-1·s-1). The CCK-8 colorimetric assay, histological analysis, and body weight results show that the MnSe nanoparticles do not have appreciable toxicity on cells and organisms. Besides, the MnSe nanoparticles as T1-MRI CAs offer a long MRI acquisition window to tumor imaging (∼7 h). This work provides a promising T1-MRI CA for clinical tumor imaging and a good reference for the application of functional MnSe nanoparticles in the biomedicine field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hui Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Yao Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Cui
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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Evans SO, Jacobson GM, Goodman HJB, Bird S, Jameson MB. Comparative Safety and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Three Oral Selenium Compounds in Cancer Patients. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 189:395-404. [PMID: 30187284 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1501-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) compounds have demonstrated anticancer properties in both preclinical and clinical studies, with particular promise in combination therapy where the optimal form and dose of selenium has yet to be established. In a phase I randomised double-blinded study, the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of sodium selenite (SS), Se-methylselenocysteine (MSC) and seleno-l-methionine (SLM) were compared in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and a cohort of patients with solid malignancies. Twenty-four patients received 400 μg of elemental Se as either SS, MSC or SLM for 8 weeks. None of the Se compounds were associated with any significant toxicities, and the total plasma Se AUC of SLM was markedly raised in comparison to MSC and SS. DNA damage assessment revealed negligible genotoxicity, and some minor reductions in lymphocyte counts were observed. At the dose level used, all three Se compounds are well-tolerated and non-genotoxic. Further analyses of the pharmacodynamic effects of Se on healthy and malignant peripheral blood mononuclear cells will inform the future evaluation of higher doses of these Se compounds. The study is registered under the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry No: ACTRN12613000118707.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen O Evans
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
- Waikato Clinical Campus, University of Auckland, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Gregory M Jacobson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Hugh J B Goodman
- Regional Cancer Centre, Waikato Hospital, Private Bag 3200, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - Steve Bird
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Michael B Jameson
- Waikato Clinical Campus, University of Auckland, Hamilton, New Zealand.
- Regional Cancer Centre, Waikato Hospital, Private Bag 3200, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand.
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3
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Crowley CS, Cohen PR. Yellow hair following sequential application of bacitracin zinc and selenium sulfide: Report of acquired xanthotrichosis and review of yellow hair discoloration. Dermatol Online J 2016; 22:13030/qt9ft033d0. [PMID: 27617598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAcquired yellow hair (xanthotrichosis) can result from the deposition of pigmented compounds on the hair shaft or from chemical modification of hair pigment and protein molecules.PurposeA white-haired 77-year-old woman who developed xanthotrichosis of her scalp hair following the sequential application of bacitracin zinc ointment and selenium sulfide 2.5% lotion is described and the causes of yellow hair discoloration are reviewed.Materials and methodsThe clinical features of a woman with acquired yellow hair discoloration are presented. Using PubMed and Google Scholar, the following terms were searched and relevant citations were assessed: bacitracin zinc, hair discoloration, selenium sulfide, xanthotrichosis, and yellow hair.ResultsYellow hair was observed on the scalp in areas treated with the following regimen: prior to bedtime, several areas of the scalp were treated with a single application of bacitracin zinc ointment. The next morning, selenium sulfide 2.5% lotion was applied and then rinsed from the scalp during showering. Yellow hair discoloration was apparent in co-treated areas immediately following rinsing; the discoloration gradually faded over 2-5 days with regular shampooing.ConclusionsAcquired yellow hair shaft discoloration has been reported secondary to multiple etiologies, including environmental and occupational exposures, iatrogenic causes (including topical and systemic drugs) and protein-calorie malnutrition. To this list, we add yellow discoloration of white scalp hair due to application of selenium sulfide following topical use of bacitracin zinc in the affected areas as an unexpected adverse effect that may occur in individuals with white hair.
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Kieliszek M, Błażejak S. Current Knowledge on the Importance of Selenium in Food for Living Organisms: A Review. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050609. [PMID: 27171069 PMCID: PMC6274134 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium is one of the elements classified within the group of micronutrients which are necessary in trace amounts for the proper functioning of organisms. Selenium participates in the protection of cells against excess H2O2, in heavy metal detoxification, and regulation of the immune and reproductive systems as well. It also ensures the proper functioning of the thyroid gland. Selenium induces the occurrence of the selenoprotein synthesis process involved in the antioxidant defense mechanism of the organism. Recent years have brought much success in the studies on selenium. Anticarcinogenic properties of selenium against some cancers have been reported. Supplementation is increasingly becoming a solution to this problem. A large number of different supplementation methods are promoting studies in this area. Slight differences in the selenium content can result in excess or deficiency, therefore supplementation has to be done carefully and cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kieliszek
- Faculty of Food Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Stanisław Błażejak
- Faculty of Food Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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Misra S, Boylan M, Selvam A, Spallholz JE, Björnstedt M. Redox-active selenium compounds--from toxicity and cell death to cancer treatment. Nutrients 2015; 7:3536-56. [PMID: 25984742 PMCID: PMC4446766 DOI: 10.3390/nu7053536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium is generally known as an antioxidant due to its presence in selenoproteins as selenocysteine, but it is also toxic. The toxic effects of selenium are, however, strictly concentration and chemical species dependent. One class of selenium compounds is a potent inhibitor of cell growth with remarkable tumor specificity. These redox active compounds are pro-oxidative and highly cytotoxic to tumor cells and are promising candidates to be used in chemotherapy against cancer. Herein we elaborate upon the major forms of dietary selenium compounds, their metabolic pathways, and their antioxidant and pro-oxidant potentials with emphasis on cytotoxic mechanisms. Relative cytotoxicity of inorganic selenite and organic selenocystine compounds to different cancer cells are presented as evidence to our perspective. Furthermore, new novel classes of selenium compounds specifically designed to target tumor cells are presented and the potential of selenium in modern oncology is extensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sougat Misra
- Division of Pathology F46, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden.
| | - Mallory Boylan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, P.O. Box 41270, Lubbock, TX 79409-1270, USA.
| | - Arun Selvam
- Division of Pathology F46, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden.
| | - Julian E Spallholz
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, P.O. Box 41270, Lubbock, TX 79409-1270, USA.
| | - Mikael Björnstedt
- Division of Pathology F46, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden.
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Rojas-Mancilla E, Oyarce A, Verdugo V, Zheng Z, Ramírez-Tagle R. The cluster [Re6Se8I6]3- induces low hemolysis of human erythrocytes in vitro: protective effect of albumin. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:1728-35. [PMID: 25590300 PMCID: PMC4307330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16011728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cluster Re6Se8I63- has been shown to induce preferential cell death of a hepatic carcinoma cell line, thus becoming a promising anti-cancer drug. Whether this cluster induces acute hemolysis or if it interacts with albumin remains unclear. The effect of acute exposure of human red blood cells to different concentrations of the cluster with and without albumin is described. Red blood cells from healthy donors were isolated, diluted at 1% hematocrit and exposed to the cluster (25-150 µM) at 37 °C, under agitation. Hemolysis and morphology were analyzed at 1 and 24 h. The potential protection of 0.1% albumin was also evaluated. Exposition to therapeutic doses of the cluster did not induce acute hemolysis. Similar results were observed following 24 h of exposition, and albumin slightly reduced hemolysis levels. Furthermore, the cluster induced alteration in the morphology of red blood cells, and this was prevented by albumin. Together, these results indicate that the cluster Re6Se8I63- is not a hemolytic component and induces moderate morphological alterations of red blood cells at high doses, which are prevented by co-incubation with albumin. In conclusion, the cluster Re6Se8I63- could be intravenously administered in animals at therapeutic doses for in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Rojas-Mancilla
- Universidad Bernardo O' Higgins, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, General Gana 1780, Santiago 8370854, Chile.
| | - Alexis Oyarce
- Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Escuela de Tecnología Médica, General Gana 1780, Santiago 8370854, Chile.
| | - Viviana Verdugo
- Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Escuela de Tecnología Médica, General Gana 1780, Santiago 8370854, Chile.
| | - Zhiping Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Rodrigo Ramírez-Tagle
- Universidad Bernardo O' Higgins, Laboratorio de Bionanotecnología, General Gana 1780, Santiago 8370854, Chile.
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Ślusarczyk J, Kuraś M, Malinowska E, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Głowniak K. Ultrastructural changes in the mycelium of Hericium erinaceum (Bull.; Fr.) Pers. under selenium-induced oxidative stress. J Sci Food Agric 2014; 94:2718-2725. [PMID: 24532295 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study we examined the influence of various forms of selenium (organic and inorganic) on the vivacity of Hericium erinaceum mycelium and structural changes and ultrastructure occurring during its development in submerged culture. RESULTS The mycelium was grown on sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃), Selol (with 20 and 50 g kg⁻¹ Se, respectively) and a mixture of Na₂SeO₃ and Selol. Samples of the mycelium were collected on day 3 and day 24 of the incubation and viewed under an electron microscope. Selol at concentration 20 g kg⁻¹ did not cause any damage to the cell ultrastructure, but it contributed to the thickening of the cell wall, which implied an influence on polysaccharide production. In the other cases, degradation changes appeared in the protoplasm and the thickness of the cell wall did not increase. CONCLUSION The nature of the effect exerted by various sources of selenium in the culture medium on the formation of polysaccharides probably results from the differences in their chemical composition and differences in the toxicity of these compounds towards the cells, but is also connected with the decomposition of the wall surrounding degraded fungal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Ślusarczyk
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-406, Kielce, Poland
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8
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Alberts JM, Sullivan SMP, Kautza A. Riparian swallows as integrators of landscape change in a multiuse river system: implications for aquatic-to-terrestrial transfers of contaminants. Sci Total Environ 2013; 463-464:42-50. [PMID: 23792246 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has highlighted the transfer of contaminants from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems via predation of aquatic emergent insects by riparian consumers. The influence of adjacent land use and land cover (LULC) on aquatic-to-terrestrial contaminant transfer, however, has received limited attention. From 2010 to 2012, at 11 river reaches in the Scioto River basin (OH, USA), we investigated the relationships between LULC and selenium (Se) and mercury (Hg) concentrations in four species of riparian swallows. Hg concentrations in swallows were significantly higher at rural reaches than at urban reaches (t=-3.58, P<0.001, df=30), whereas Se concentrations were positively associated with adjacent land cover characterized by mature tree cover (R(2)=0.49, P=0.006). To an extent, these relationships appear to be mediated by swallow reliance on aquatic emergent insects. For example, tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) at urban reaches exhibited a higher proportion of aquatic prey in their diet, fed at a higher trophic level, and exhibited elevated Se levels. We also found that both Se and Hg concentrations in adult swallows were significantly higher than those observed in nestlings at both urban and rural reaches (Se: t=-2.83, P=0.033, df=3; Hg: t=-3.22, P=0.024, df=3). Collectively, our results indicate that riparian swallows integrate contaminant exposure in linked aquatic-terrestrial systems and that LULC may strongly regulate aquatic contaminant flux to terrestrial consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M Alberts
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, 2600 Clifton Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States.
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9
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Abstract
Quantum dots that contain cadmium, selenium and zinc are not toxic to monkeys for periods of up to 90 days, but longer-term studies are needed to determine the ultimate fate of the heavy metals that accumulate in the organs.
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10
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Ye L, Yong KT, Liu L, Roy I, Hu R, Zhu J, Cai H, Law WC, Liu J, Wang K, Liu J, Liu Y, Hu Y, Zhang X, Swihart MT, Prasad PN. A pilot study in non-human primates shows no adverse response to intravenous injection of quantum dots. Nat Nanotechnol 2012; 7:453-8. [PMID: 22609691 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2012.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots have been used in biomedical research for imaging, diagnostics and sensing purposes. However, concerns over the cytotoxicity of their heavy metal constituents and conflicting results from in vitro and small animal toxicity studies have limited their translation towards clinical applications. Here, we show in a pilot study that rhesus macaques injected with phospholipid micelle-encapsulated CdSe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots do not exhibit evidence of toxicity. Blood and biochemical markers remained within normal ranges following treatment, and histology of major organs after 90 days showed no abnormalities. Our results show that acute toxicity of these quantum dots in vivo can be minimal. However, chemical analysis revealed that most of the initial dose of cadmium remained in the liver, spleen and kidneys after 90 days. This means that the breakdown and clearance of quantum dots is quite slow, suggesting that longer-term studies will be required to determine the ultimate fate of these heavy metals and the impact of their persistence in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ye
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
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11
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Silva LFO, DaBoit K, Sampaio CH, Jasper A, Andrade ML, Kostova IJ, Waanders FB, Henke KR, Hower JC. The occurrence of hazardous volatile elements and nanoparticles in Bulgarian coal fly ashes and the effect on human health exposure. Sci Total Environ 2012; 416:513-526. [PMID: 22200375 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Low-rank, high-mineral matter Bulgarian coals were studied using a variety of chemical, optical, and electron beam methods. The larger fly ash carbon phases include charred carbons in contrast to coked carbons present in the fly ashes of bituminous-coal-derived fly ashes. Nanoscale carbons include multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) encapsulating Hg, Se, and As, among other elements. In addition to the glass which dominates the fly ash, relatively coarse 'rock fragments', consisting of an unmelted to partially melted core surrounded by a glassy rim, are present in the fly ash. Nano-scale minerals can contain hazardous elements and, along with metal-bearing multiwalled nanotubes, can be a path for the entry of hazardous particles into the lungs and other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F O Silva
- Centro Universitário Univates, Pró Reitoria de Pesquisa Estensão e Pós Graduação, Programa de Pós Graduação Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Brazil.
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12
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Bagriantseva OV, Mazo VK, Khotimchenko SA, Shatrov GN. [In to the question of selenium using in case of foodstuffs enrichment]. Vopr Pitan 2012; 81:4-12. [PMID: 22642159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of different selenium compounds toxicity and level of selenium intake in different countries are given in the article. It showed that population of Russian Federation have not defined selenodeficiency. Thus there is no need in wide-ranging fortification of foodstuff by selenium. For increasing of selenium level in particularized foodstuffs (biology activity supplements, specialized foodstuff for pregnant, children, dietetic, medicinal and prophylactic foodstuff) are preferred the organic forms of selenium. Inorganic forms of selenium (selenites and selenates) could use only in the composition of biology activity supplements. However in this case the organic form is more preferably too.
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Yildiz I, Deniz E, McCaughan B, Cruickshank SF, Callan JF, Raymo FM. Hydrophilic CdSe-ZnS core-shell quantum dots with reactive functional groups on their surface. Langmuir 2010; 26:11503-11511. [PMID: 20455526 DOI: 10.1021/la1010488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized macromolecular ligands for CdSe-ZnS core-shell quantum dots incorporating multiple thiol groups, poly(ethylene glycol) chains, and either carboxylic acids or primary amines along a common poly(methacrylate) backbone. The thiol groups encourage the adsorption of these macromolecular constructs on the ZnS shell of the nanoparticles, and the poly(ethylene glycol) chains impose hydrophilic character on the resulting assemblies. Indeed, the coated quantum dots are readily soluble in water and are stable under these conditions for months over a broad pH range (4.0-12.0) and even in the presence of large salt concentrations. In addition, these nanoparticles have relatively small hydrodynamic diameters (17-30 nm) and good quantum yields (0.3-0.4). Furthermore, the pendant carboxylic acids or primary amines of the macromolecular ligands can be exploited to modify the quantum dots after the adsorption of the polymers on their surface. For example, boron dipyrromethene dyes can be connected to the hydrophilic quantum dots on the basis of amide bond formation to encourage the transfer of energy from the luminescent CdSe core to the organic dyes. Our hydrophilic nanoparticles can also cross the membrane of Chinese hamster ovarian cells and accumulate in the cytosol with limited nuclear localization. Moreover, the internalized quantum dots are not cytotoxic and have essentially no influence on cell viability. Thus, our strategy for the preparation of biocompatible quantum dots can evolve into the development of valuable luminescent probes with nanoscaled dimensions and optimal photophysical properties for a diversity of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Yildiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, USA
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14
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Prevost N, English JC. Xanthotrichia (yellow hair) due to selenium sulfide and dihydroxyacetone. J Drugs Dermatol 2008; 7:689-691. [PMID: 18664164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hair shaft discoloration has been documented to be caused by disease states, medications, and exogenous chemicals. After researching the literature, xanthotrichia or yellow hair has been determined to be caused predominately by exogenous chemicals. Two cases of new chemicals causing yellow hair shaft discoloration are reported. The chemicals include selenium sulfide 2.5% shampoo and dihydroxyacetone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Prevost
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Dermatology, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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15
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Abstract
Selenium protects cells and inhibits many inflammatory cell mechanisms through antioxidant seleno-enzymes. Immunity improvement is illustrated by the study of Berger and colleagues, with reduction of nosocomial pneumonia in burnt patients under multi-trace-element supplementation. As seleno-compounds (especially sodium selenite) are pro-oxidant, however, administration above 800 μg/day may be dangerous in septic shock. Paradoxically, direct reversible pro-oxidative effects of seleno-compounds may also be beneficial for reduction of inflammation (genomic action, apoptosis), and may even be bactericidal or virucidal. These facts need to be further examined, as well as the possible dramatic drop of plasma selenoprotein P in septic shock and its role in endothelium protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Forceville
- Ch Meaux, Réanimation Polyvalente, 6-8 rue Saint Fiacre, 77104 Meaux, France.
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16
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Kirchner C, Liedl T, Kudera S, Pellegrino T, Muñoz Javier A, Gaub HE, Stölzle S, Fertig N, Parak WJ. Cytotoxicity of colloidal CdSe and CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles. Nano Lett 2005; 5:331-8. [PMID: 15794621 DOI: 10.1021/nl047996m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 992] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxicity of CdSe and CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles has been investigated for different surface modifications such as coating with mercaptopropionic acid, silanization, and polymer coating. For all cases, quantitative values for the onset of cytotoxic effects in serum-free culture media are given. These values are correlated with microscope images in which the uptake of the particles by the cells has been investigated. Our data suggest that in addition to the release of toxic Cd(2+) ions from the particles also their surface chemistry, in particular their stability toward aggregation, plays an important role for cytotoxic effects. Additional patch clamp experiments investigate effects of the particles on currents through ion channels.
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Huff J. Re: Selenium Supplementation and Secondary Prevention of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer in a Randomized Trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004; 96:333-4; author reply 334. [PMID: 14970283 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djh050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Selenium sulfide. Rep Carcinog 2004; 11:III230-1. [PMID: 21089956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Lee LH, Lustigman BK, Murray SR. Combined effect of mercuric chloride and selenium dioxide on the growth of the cyanobacteria, Anacystis nidulans. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2002; 69:900-907. [PMID: 12428169 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-002-0144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L H Lee
- Montclair State University, Upper Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kosch
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik D, Universitätsklinikum Münster
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Conrad GW, Luer CA, Paulsen AQ, Funderburgh JL. Preliminary observations on the effects of selenate on the development of the embryonic skate, Raja eglanteria. Trans Kans Acad Sci 2001; 96:62-8. [PMID: 11539114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Morphogenesis of the clearnose skate, Raja eglanteria, was not significantly inhibited as a result of 7 days of exposure to 1-2 mM selenate in the sea water during Days 59-69 of embryonic development (hatching would normally have occurred at 82 +/- 4 days of incubation). Although corneal transparency appeared normal in the eye, preliminary measurements of the thickness of Bowman's layer of the cornea suggested that it was significantly thinner in the corneas of embryos exposed to 1-2 mM selenate. Selenate is an ion reported to inhibit sulfation of glycosaminoglycans in connective tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Conrad
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salsbury Cove, Maine 04672
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Abstract
We followed the response of bacterial assemblages in slurries of estuarine sediments to amendments of 100 microM sodium selenate and 10 mM sodium acetate. Selenate was removed from the dissolved phase in all slurries after an initial lag that varied depending on the source of the sediment used in the slurry. Subsequent selenate amendments were removed without a lag but with the appearance of transient peaks of selenite. We documented changes in the composition of bacterial assemblages in the slurries using PCR/DGGE and RT-PCR/DGGE of 16S rDNA and rRNA. Bands of interest were sequenced to identify organisms responding to selenate amendments. The composition of communities from the two sampling sites was different and changed but did not converge during incubations with selenate. Selenate-reducing assemblages had broad phylogenetic diversity. Most bands were related to groups of bacteria known to contain organisms capable of selenate or selenite reduction, except for Acinetobacter species which dominated one of the samples and has not previously been associated with selenium oxyanion reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Lucas
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-3636, USA.
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Oldfield JE. Observations on the efficacy of various forms of selenium for livestock: a review. Biomed Environ Sci 1997; 10:280-291. [PMID: 9315321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Since 1957, selenium has found extensive use in livestock production to maintain an adequate selenium status in animals in areas of soil and feed/forage deficiency. Selenium may be given directly to livestock, or applied as a fertilizer amendment to increase selenium content of their feeds. This paper addresses the area of direct supplementation, which includes oral and parenteral supplementation, and with ruminant animals the use of slow-release boluses. Various chemical forms of selenium have been examined as supplemental sources, with sodium selenite being the earliest compound of choice. Combination of selenium supplementation with other livestock management practices led to use of selenium dioxide, which avoided solubility problems with selenite but produced effective responses. Barium salts have been used with some success as supplemental selenium sources. Experience with ruminal boluses has shown that high pressure pelleting of increased grain size selenium, in hollow pellets, has prolonged their useful life. Attention has been paid recently to residual selenium returned to the soil from livestock supplementation practices and the resulting opinion is that currently approved practices are acceptable from the point of view of environmental quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Oldfield
- Department of Animal Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331, USA
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Abstract
Acute gas poisoning is one of the most important medicosocial problems in the developing countries. An outbreak of acute inhalation exposure to hydrogen selenide occurred in Delhi, India. This report includes our findings on epidemiological, clinical and biochemical investigations in 31 cases hospitalized immediately after the gas poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
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Gillum RF. Hyperpigmentation associated with selenium sulfide lotion. J Natl Med Assoc 1996; 88:551. [PMID: 8855644 PMCID: PMC2608116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Krause W. [What is the difference between organic and inorganic selenium preparations?]. Med Monatsschr Pharm 1994; 17:310-1. [PMID: 7990752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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