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Xu S, Sun M. The interpretable machine learning model associated with metal mixtures to identify hypertension via EMR mining method. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2024; 26:187-196. [PMID: 38214193 PMCID: PMC10857479 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
There are limited data available regarding the connection between hypertension and heavy metal exposure. The authors intend to establish an interpretable machine learning (ML) model with high efficiency and robustness that identifies hypertension based on heavy metal exposure. Our datasets were obtained from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2013-2020.3). The authors developed 5 ML models for hypertension identification by heavy metal exposure, and tested them by 10 discrimination characteristics. Further, the authors chose the optimally performing model after parameter adjustment by Genetic Algorithm (GA) for identification. Finally, in order to visualize the model's ability to make decisions, the authors used SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) and Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) algorithm to illustrate the features. The study included 19 368 participants in total. A best-performing eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) with GA for hypertension identification by 16 heavy metals was selected (AUC: 0.774; 95% CI: 0.772-0.776; accuracy: 87.7%). According to SHAP values, Barium (0.02), Cadmium (0.017), Lead (0.017), Antimony (0.008), Tin (0.007), Manganese (0.006), Thallium (0.004), Tungsten (0.004) in urine, and Lead (0.048), Mercury (0.035), Selenium (0.05), Manganese (0.007) in blood positively influenced the model, while Cadmium (-0.001) in urine negatively influenced the model. Study participants' hypertension associated with heavy metal exposure was identified by an efficient, robust, and interpretable GA-XGB model with SHAP and LIME. Barium, Cadmium, Lead, Antimony, Tin, Manganese, Thallium, Tungsten in urine, and Lead, Mercury, Selenium, Manganese in blood are positively correlated with hypertension, while Cadmium in blood is negatively correlated with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Site Xu
- Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Mu Sun
- Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Grau-Perez M, Zhao J, Pierce B, Francesconi KA, Goessler W, Zhu Y, An Q, Umans J, Best L, Cole SA, Navas-Acien A, Tellez-Plaza M. Urinary metals and leukocyte telomere length in American Indian communities: The Strong Heart and the Strong Heart Family Study. Environ Pollut 2019; 246:311-318. [PMID: 30557805 PMCID: PMC6363843 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While several mechanisms may explain metal-related health effects, the exact cellular processes are not fully understood. We evaluated the association between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and urine arsenic (ΣAs), cadmium (Cd) and tungsten (W) exposure in the Strong Heart Study (SHS, N = 1702) and in the Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS, N = 1793). METHODS Urine metal concentrations were measured using ICP-MS. Arsenic exposure was assessed as the sum of inorganic arsenic, monomethylarsonate and dimethylarsinate levels (ΣAs). LTL was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS In the SHS, median levels were 1.09 for LTL, and 8.8, 1.01 and 0.11 μg/g creatinine for ΣAs, Cd, and W, respectively. In the SHFS, median levels were 1.01 for LTL, and 4.3, 0.44, and 0.10 μg/g creatinine. Among SHS participants, increased urine ΣAs, Cd, and W was associated with shorter LTL. The adjusted geometric mean ratio (95% confidence interval) of LTL per an increase equal to the difference between the percentiles 90th and 10th in metal distributions was 0.85 (0.79, 0.92) for ΣAs, 0.91 (0.84, 1.00) for Cd and 0.93 (0.88, 0.98) for W. We observed no significant associations among SHFS participants. The findings also suggest that the association between arsenic and LTL might be differential depending on the exposure levels or age. CONCLUSIONS Additional research is needed to confirm the association between metal exposures and telomere length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grau-Perez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA; Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jinying Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Public Health Research, Division of Community Health Promotion, Florida Department of Health, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Brandon Pierce
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Qiang An
- Public Health Research, Division of Community Health Promotion, Florida Department of Health, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Jason Umans
- Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Washington DC, USA; MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD, USA
| | - Lyle Best
- Department of Epidemiology, Missouri Breaks Industries Research Inc., Timber Lake, SD, USA
| | - Shelley A Cole
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Maria Tellez-Plaza
- Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institutes, Madrid, Spain
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Nigra AE, Howard BV, Umans JG, Best L, Francesconi KA, Goessler W, Devereux R, Navas-Acien A. Urinary tungsten and incident cardiovascular disease in the Strong Heart Study: An interaction with urinary molybdenum. Environ Res 2018; 166:444-451. [PMID: 29940477 PMCID: PMC6347476 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tungsten (W) interferes with molybdenum (Mo) binding sites and has been associated with prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated if (1) W exposure is prospectively associated with incident CVD and (2) the association between urinary W levels and incident CVD is modified by urinary Mo levels. METHODS We estimated multi-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for incident CVD outcomes by increasing W levels for 2726 American Indian participants in the Strong Heart Study with urinary metal levels measured at baseline (1989-1991) and CVD events ascertained through 2008. RESULTS Increasing levels of baseline urinary W were not associated with incident CVD. Fully-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of incident CVD comparing a change in the IQR of W levels for those in the lowest and highest tertile of urinary Mo were 1.05 (0.90, 1.22) and 0.80 (0.70, 0.92), respectively (p-interaction = 0.02); for CVD mortality, the corresponding HRs were 1.05 (0.82, 1.33) and 0.73 (0.58, 0.93), respectively (p-interaction = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The association between W and CVD incidence and mortality was positive although non-significant at lower urinary Mo levels and significant and inverse at higher urinary Mo levels. Although prior cross-sectional epidemiologic studies in the general US population found positive associations between urinary tungsten and prevalent cardiovascular disease, our prospective analysis in the Strong Heart Study indicates this association may be modified by molybdenum exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Nigra
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Barbara V Howard
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA; Georgetown/Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, USA
| | - Jason G Umans
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA; Georgetown/Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, USA
| | - Lyle Best
- Epidemiology Department, Missouri Breaks Industries Research Inc., Timber Lake, SD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Ellingsen DG, Chashchin M, Berlinger B, Fedorov V, Chashchin V, Thomassen Y. Biological monitoring of welders' exposure to chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and vanadium. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 41:99-106. [PMID: 28347469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Welders are exposed to a number of metallic elements during work. Bioaccessability, that is important for element uptake, has been little studied. This study addresses bioaccessability and uptake of chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W) and vanadium (V) among welders. METHODS Bioaccessability of Cr, Mo, V and W was studied in airborne particulate matter collected by personal sampling of the workroom air among shipyard welders by using the lung lining fluid simulant Hatch solution. Associations between concentrations of Hatch soluble and non-soluble elements (Hatchsol and Hatchnon-sol) and concentrations of the four elements in whole blood, serum, blood cells and urine were studied. RESULTS Air concentrations of the four elements were low. Only a small fraction of Cr, V and W was Hatchsol, while similar amounts of Mo were Hatchsol and Hatchnon-sol. Welders (N=70) had statistically significantly higher concentrations of all four elements in urine and serum when compared to referents (N=74). Highly statistically significant associations were observed between urinary W and Hatchsol W (p<0.001) and serum V and Hatchsol V (p<0.001), in particular when air samples collected the day before collection of biological samples were considered. CONCLUSIONS Associations between Hatchsol elements in air and their biological concentrations were higher than when Hatchnon-sol concentrations were considered. Associations were generally higher when air samples collected the day before biological sampling were considered as compared to air samples collected two days before.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maxim Chashchin
- Northwest Public Health Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Vladimir Fedorov
- Northwest Public Health Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia; North-western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valery Chashchin
- Northwest Public Health Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia; North-western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Pang Y, Peng RD, Jones MR, Francesconi KA, Goessler W, Howard BV, Umans JG, Best LG, Guallar E, Post WS, Kaufman JD, Vaidya D, Navas-Acien A. Metal mixtures in urban and rural populations in the US: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and the Strong Heart Study. Environ Res 2016; 147:356-64. [PMID: 26945432 PMCID: PMC4827253 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural and anthropogenic sources of metal exposure differ for urban and rural residents. We searched to identify patterns of metal mixtures which could suggest common environmental sources and/or metabolic pathways of different urinary metals, and compared metal-mixtures in two population-based studies from urban/sub-urban and rural/town areas in the US: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and the Strong Heart Study (SHS). METHODS We studied a random sample of 308 White, Black, Chinese-American, and Hispanic participants in MESA (2000-2002) and 277 American Indian participants in SHS (1998-2003). We used principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to evaluate nine urinary metals (antimony [Sb], arsenic [As], cadmium [Cd], lead [Pb], molybdenum [Mo], selenium [Se], tungsten [W], uranium [U] and zinc [Zn]). For arsenic, we used the sum of inorganic and methylated species (∑As). RESULTS All nine urinary metals were higher in SHS compared to MESA participants. PCA and CA revealed the same patterns in SHS, suggesting 4 distinct principal components (PC) or clusters (∑As-U-W, Pb-Sb, Cd-Zn, Mo-Se). In MESA, CA showed 2 large clusters (∑As-Mo-Sb-U-W, Cd-Pb-Se-Zn), while PCA showed 4 PCs (Sb-U-W, Pb-Se-Zn, Cd-Mo, ∑As). LDA indicated that ∑As, U, W, and Zn were the most discriminant variables distinguishing MESA and SHS participants. CONCLUSIONS In SHS, the ∑As-U-W cluster and PC might reflect groundwater contamination in rural areas, and the Cd-Zn cluster and PC could reflect common sources from meat products or metabolic interactions. Among the metals assayed, ∑As, U, W and Zn differed the most between MESA and SHS, possibly reflecting disproportionate exposure from drinking water and perhaps food in rural Native communities compared to urban communities around the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Pang
- Departments of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Roger D Peng
- Departments of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Miranda R Jones
- Departments of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Kevin A Francesconi
- Institute of Chemistry -Analytical Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria.
| | - Walter Goessler
- Institute of Chemistry -Analytical Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria.
| | - Barbara V Howard
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA; Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - Jason G Umans
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA; Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - Lyle G Best
- Missouri Breaks Industries Research, Inc., Timber Lake, SD 57656, USA.
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Departments of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Wendy S Post
- Departments of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Dhananjay Vaidya
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Departments of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Our objective was to evaluate the relationship of urine metals including barium, cadmium, cobalt, cesium, molybdenum, lead, antimony, thallium, tungsten, and uranium with diabetes prevalence. Data were from a cross-sectional study of 9,447 participants of the 1999-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a representative sample of the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population. Metals were measured in a spot urine sample, and diabetes status was determined based on a previous diagnosis or an A1C ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol). After multivariable adjustment, the odds ratios of diabetes associated with the highest quartile of metal, compared with the lowest quartile, were 0.86 (95% CI 0.66-1.12) for barium (Ptrend = 0.13), 0.74 (0.51-1.09) for cadmium (Ptrend = 0.35), 1.21 (0.85-1.72) for cobalt (Ptrend = 0.59), 1.31 (0.90-1.91) for cesium (Ptrend = 0.29), 1.76 (1.24-2.50) for molybdenum (Ptrend = 0.01), 0.79 (0.56-1.13) for lead (Ptrend = 0.10), 1.72 (1.27-2.33) for antimony (Ptrend < 0.01), 0.76 (0.51-1.13) for thallium (Ptrend = 0.13), 2.18 (1.51-3.15) for tungsten (Ptrend < 0.01), and 1.46 (1.09-1.96) for uranium (Ptrend = 0.02). Higher quartiles of barium, molybdenum, and antimony were associated with greater HOMA of insulin resistance after adjustment. Molybdenum, antimony, tungsten, and uranium were positively associated with diabetes, even at the relatively low levels seen in the U.S. POPULATION Prospective studies should further evaluate metals as risk factors for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Menke
- Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., Silver Spring, MD
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Catherine C Cowie
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Abstract
It was aimed to study the relationships of different sets of urinary environmental chemical concentrations and ankylosing spondylitis in a national and population-based setting. Data were extracted from United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2009-2010. Information on demographics was obtained by household interview and ankylosing spondylitis clinical measures and urines were taken at examination. People with abnormal occiput-to-wall distance were found to have higher urinary cadmium (OR 2.17, 95 % CI 1.34-3.52, p = 0.004), antimony (OR 1.74, 95 % CI 1.15-2.62, p = 0.012), tungsten (OR 1.91, 95 % CI 1.39-2.64, p = 0.001), uranium (OR 1.49, 95 % CI 1.03-2.15, p = 0.036), and trimethylarsine oxide (OR 5.01, 95 % CI 2.34-10.71, p < 0.001) concentrations. Moreover, people who resided in older households tended to have abnormal ankylosing spondylitis clinical measures, compared to those who resided in households that were built in 1990 or after. The odds were 1.74 for households built in 1978-1989 and 1.81 for those built in 1940 or earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Shiue
- a Built Environment , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh , UK
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Tyrrell J, Galloway TS, Abo-Zaid G, Melzer D, Depledge MH, Osborne NJ. High urinary tungsten concentration is associated with stroke in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2010. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77546. [PMID: 24244278 PMCID: PMC3823878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years there has been an exponential increase in tungsten demand, potentially increasing human exposure to the metal. Currently, the toxicology of tungsten is poorly understood, but mounting evidence suggests that both the elemental metal and its alloys have cytotoxic effects. Here, we investigate the association between tungsten and cardiovascular disease (CVD) or stroke using six waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS We investigated associations using crude and adjusted logistic regression models in a cohort of 8614 adults (18-74 years) with 193 reported stroke diagnoses and 428 reported diagnoses of CVD. We also stratified our data to characterize associations in a subset of younger individuals (18-50 years). RESULTS Elevated tungsten concentrations were strongly associated with an increase in the prevalence of stroke, independent of typical risk factors (Odds Ratio (OR): 1.66, 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI): 1.17, 2.34). The association between tungsten and stroke in the young age category was still evident (OR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.33, 3.53). CONCLUSION This study represents the most comprehensive analysis of the human health effects of tungsten to date. Individuals with higher urinary tungsten concentrations have double the odds of reported stroke. We hypothesize that the pathological pathway resulting from tungsten exposure may involve oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Tyrrell
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, United Kingdom
| | - Tamara S. Galloway
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Ghada Abo-Zaid
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, United Kingdom
| | - David Melzer
- Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Michael H. Depledge
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Osborne
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Adams JB, Audhya T, McDonough-Means S, Rubin RA, Quig D, Geis E, Gehn E, Loresto M, Mitchell J, Atwood S, Barnhouse S, Lee W. Toxicological status of children with autism vs. neurotypical children and the association with autism severity. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013. [PMID: 23192845 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9551-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates both the level of toxic metals in children with autism and the possible association of those toxic metals with autism severity. This study involved 55 children with autism ages 5-16 years compared to 44 controls with similar age and gender. The study included measurements of toxic metals in whole blood, red blood cells (RBC), and urine. The autism group had higher levels of lead in RBC (+41 %, p = 0.002) and higher urinary levels of lead (+74 %, p = 0.02), thallium (+77 %, p = 0.0001), tin (+115 %, p = 0.01), and tungsten (+44 %, p = 0.00005). However, the autism group had slightly lower levels of cadmium in whole blood (-19 %, p = 0.003). A stepwise, multiple linear regression analysis found a strong association of levels of toxic metals with variation in the degree of severity of autism for all the severity scales (adjusted R(2) of 0.38-0.47, p < 0.0003). Cadmium (whole blood) and mercury (whole blood and RBC) were the most consistently significant variables. Overall, children with autism have higher average levels of several toxic metals, and levels of several toxic metals are strongly associated with variations in the severity of autism for all three of the autism severity scales investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Adams
- Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6006, USA.
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Alimonti A, Forte G, Spezia S, Gatti A, Mincione G, Ronchi A, Bavazzano P, Bocca B, Minoia C. Uncertainty of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry based measurements: an application to the analysis of urinary barium, cesium, antimony and tungsten. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2005; 19:3131-8. [PMID: 16200661 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The wide use of barium (Ba), cesium (Cs), antimony (Sb) and tungsten (W) in many industrial and agricultural fields causes the increased release of these metals into the environment, laying the basis for health risk. To assess the exposure for the general population, the development of adequate and reliable analytical techniques becomes compulsory. This study refers to the quantification of urinary Ba, Cs, Sb and W levels by both quadrupole (Q) and sector field (SF) inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The two procedures were compared for their performances and their measurement uncertainties. The limits of detection were (Q and SF) 23.0 and 5.21 ng L(-1) for Ba; 21.1 and 7.52 ng L(-1) for Cs; 1.09 and 0.43 ng L(-1) for Sb; and 0.36 and 0.49 ng L(-1) for W. The trueness was better than 93.3% and the precision less than 12% for both techniques. Relative expanded uncertainties of the analytical procedures, at the median levels found in the general population, were below 5% for all the elements with both ICP-MS techniques. The uncertainties related to the calibration and repeatability were the parameters most influencing the final analytical performance. The urinary median values observed in healthy subjects from central Italy were 1146, 4301, 60.8 and 48.5 ng L(-1) for Ba, Cs, Sb and W, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alimonti
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
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Goldoni M, Catalani S, De Palma G, Manini P, Acampa O, Corradi M, Bergonzi R, Apostoli P, Mutti A. Exhaled breath condensate as a suitable matrix to assess lung dose and effects in workers exposed to cobalt and tungsten. Environ Health Perspect 2004; 112:1293-8. [PMID: 15345342 PMCID: PMC1247519 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.7108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether exhaled breath condensate (EBC), a fluid formed by cooling exhaled air, can be used as a suitable matrix to assess target tissue dose and effects of inhaled cobalt and tungsten, using EBC malondialdehyde (MDA) as a biomarker of pulmonary oxidative stress. Thirty-three workers exposed to Co and W in workshops producing either diamond tools or hard-metal mechanical parts participated in this study. Two EBC and urinary samples were collected: one before and one at the end of the work shift. Controls were selected among nonexposed workers. Co, W, and MDA in EBC were analyzed with analytical methods based on mass spectrometric reference techniques. In the EBC from controls, Co was detectable at ultratrace levels, whereas W was undetectable. In exposed workers, EBC Co ranged from a few to several hundred nanomoles per liter. Corresponding W levels ranged from undetectable to several tens of nanomoles per liter. A parallel trend was observed for much higher urinary levels. Both Co and W in biological media were higher at the end of the work shift in comparison with preexposure values. In EBC, MDA levels were increased depending on Co concentration and were enhanced by coexposure to W. Such a correlation between EBC MDA and both Co and W levels was not observed with urinary concentration of either element. These results suggest the potential usefulness of EBC to complete and integrate biomonitoring and health surveillance procedures among workers exposed to mixtures of transition elements and hard metals. Key words: cobalt, exhaled breath condensate, hard metals, lung, malondialdehyde, oxidative stress, tungsten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Goldoni
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Prevention, Research Centre at the University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Schramel P, Wendler I, Angerer J. The determination of metals (antimony, bismuth, lead, cadmium, mercury, palladium, platinum, tellurium, thallium, tin and tungsten) in urine samples by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1997; 69:219-23. [PMID: 9049674 DOI: 10.1007/s004200050140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An analytical method has been established to determine the concentration of antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), Palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), tellurium (Te), tin (Sn), thallium (Tl) and tungsten (W) in urine. The aim was to develop a method which is equally suitable for the determination of environmentally as well as occupationally caused metal excretion. METHODS Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) was used for the determination of metals. Calibration was done using aqueous solutions and standard addition respectively. RESULTS Urine samples of 14 persons occupationally non-exposed to metals were analysed. With the exception of Pt and Bi all the metals were found in these urine samples. The detection limits for these metals lie between 5 and 50 ng/l. CONCLUSIONS For some metals, which are important from an occupational as well as an environmental viewpoint, ICP-MS is more sensitive than atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). ICP-MS, moreover, is welcome as a reference method for AAS with the additional advantage of multi-element measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schramel
- GSF-Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Neuherberg, Oberschleissheim, Germany
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Nicolaou G, Pietra R, Sabbioni E, Mosconi G, Cassina G, Seghizzi P. Multielement determination of metals in biological specimens of hard metal workers: a study carried out by neutron activation analysis. J Trace Elem Electrolytes Health Dis 1987; 1:73-7. [PMID: 2856572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Multielemental analysis, using neutron activation, was carried out on the urine, whole blood, pubic hair and toenails of thirty subjects occupationally exposed to hard metal dusts. A high concentration of Co, W and Cr was observed in all samples analysed. The concentrations determined, when subjected to statistical analysis using pattern recognition techniques (e.g. cluster analysis), indicated a positive correlation, at p = 0.001, for the pair (Co, W) in urine and blood, as well as a possible influence of Cr on this pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Nicolaou
- Commission of the European Communities, Joint Research Centre--Ispra Establishment, Radiochemistry Division, Italy
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Perdrix A, Pellet F, Vincent M, De Gaudemaris R, Mallion JM. [Cobalt and sintered metal carbides. Value of the determination of cobalt as a tracer of exposure to hard metals]. Toxicol Eur Res 1983; 5:233-40. [PMID: 6675211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt urinary excretion should be a good way to know the level of exposition of subjects submitted to hard metals. The study is done on 28 workers of 3 different workrooms. Sunday 24 hours diuresis is retained. For 5 workers, the urinary cobalt measurements are done from samples made at the beginning and the end of work during 5 days. Atmospheric dust measurements are realized in different points of the 3 workrooms (individual and general samples). For measures atomic absorption spectrometry is used. The results show a good correlation between cobalt exposure and urinary concentrations. Friday evening urinary cobalt is a good expression of week exposure. The results obtained well correlate with those of others authors. Cobalt urinary measures are proposed for supervision of workers exposed to hard metals.
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Dontsov GI. [Some problems of tungsten metabolism in epidemic hepatitis]. Sov Med 1966; 29:14-7. [PMID: 6003027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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