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Saha M, Mandal S, Sarkar S, Biswas A, Ghati A, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Saha NC. Anticancer, antimicrobial and photocatalytic activities of a new pyrazole containing thiosemicarbazone ligand and its Co(III) and Ni(II) complexes: Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and X-ray crystallography. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 257:112577. [PMID: 38714060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
A new pyrazole based thiosemicarbazone ligand, 5-methyl-3-formylpyrazole-N(4)-isopropylthiosemicarbazone, (HMPzNHPri) (compound I), and its cobalt(III) and nickel(II) complexes, [Co(MPzNHPri)2]Cl (compound II) and [Ni(HMPzNHPri)2]Br2 (compound III), respectively, have been synthesized and characterized through various physico-chemical and spectroscopic studies. Both the reported Co(III) and Ni(II) complexes are cationic in nature and behave as 1:1 and 1:2 electrolytes in MeOH, respectively. Electronic spectral features of the complexes have classified them as distorted octahedral ones. IR spectral data (4000-450 cm-1) have suggested a monoprotic tridentate (NNS) function of compound I coordinating to the Co(III) ion via the pyrazolyl (tertiary) ring nitrogen, azomethine nitrogen and thiolato sulphur atom; while for compound III, compound I has been found to act as neutral NNS tridentate one, coordinating to Ni(II) via the pyrazolyl iminic nitrogen, azomethine nitrogen and thioketo sulphur. Structural features of all the compounds are confirmed by the single crystal X-ray data. All the compounds reported here have been found to exhibit significant photocatalytic activity towards degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) under UV radiation. Anticancer activity of all the three compounds against cancer cell lines (HeLa and A549) and a normal cell line (HEK293) have been investigated. Compound II has been found to be more efficient against the human cervical cancer cell (HeLa) and the lung cancer cell (A549) than compounds I and III. The ligand and both the complexes display potential activities against both gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis MTCC 7193) and gram-negative bacteria (E. coli MTCC 1610).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manan Saha
- Inorganic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, 741235 Nadia, West Bengal, India; Government General Degree College, Chapra, Sikra, Padmamala, 741123 Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman Mandal
- Inorganic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, 741235 Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Solanki Sarkar
- Cell & Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, 741235 Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Arunima Biswas
- Cell & Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, 741235 Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Amit Ghati
- Department of Microbiology, Barrackpore Rastraguru Surendranath College, 700120, West Bengal, India
| | - David B Cordes
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Nitis Chandra Saha
- Inorganic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, 741235 Nadia, West Bengal, India.
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Taylor LJ, Lawson EE, Cordes DB, Athukorala Arachchige KS, Slawin AMZ, Chalmers BA, Kilian P. Synthesis and Structural Studies of peri-Substituted Acenaphthenes with Tertiary Phosphine and Stibine Groups. Molecules 2024; 29:1841. [PMID: 38675660 PMCID: PMC11054444 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Two mixed peri-substituted phosphine-chlorostibines, Acenap(PiPr2)(SbPhCl) and Acenap(PiPr2)(SbCl2) (Acenap = acenaphthene-5,6-diyl) reacted cleanly with Grignard reagents or nBuLi to give the corresponding tertiary phosphine-stibines Acenap(PiPr2)(SbRR') (R, R' = Me, iPr, nBu, Ph). In addition, the Pt(II) complex of the tertiary phosphine-stibine Acenap(PiPr2)(SbPh2) as well as the Mo(0) complex of Acenap(PiPr2)(SbMePh) were synthesised and characterised. Two of the phosphine-stibines and the two metal complexes were characterised by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The peri-substituted species act as bidentate ligands through both P and Sb atoms, forming rather short Sb-metal bonds. The tertiary phosphine-stibines display through-space J(CP) couplings between the phosphorus atom and carbon atoms bonded directly to the Sb atom of up to 40 Hz. The sequestration of the P and Sb lone pairs results in much smaller corresponding J(CP) being observed in the metal complexes. QTAIM (Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules) and EDA-NOCV (Energy Decomposition Analysis employing Naturalised Orbitals for Chemical Valence) computational techniques were used to provide additional insight into a weak n(P)→σ*(Sb-C) intramolecular bonding interaction (pnictogen bond) in the phosphine-stibines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma E. Lawson
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - David B. Cordes
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | | | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Brian A. Chalmers
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Petr Kilian
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
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Weerasinghe RW, Madayanad Suresh S, Hall D, Matulaitis T, Slawin AMZ, Warriner S, Lee YT, Chan CY, Tsuchiya Y, Zysman-Colman E, Adachi C. A Boron, Nitrogen, and Oxygen Doped π-Extended Helical Pure Blue Multiresonant Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Emitter for Organic Light Emitting Diodes That Shows Fast k RISC Without the Use of Heavy Atoms. Adv Mater 2024:e2402289. [PMID: 38581139 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Narrowband emissive multiresonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitters are a promising solution to achieve the current industry-targeted color standard, Rec. BT.2020-2, for blue color without using optical filters, aiming for high-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, their long triplet lifetimes, largely affected by their slow reverse intersystem crossing rates, adversely affect device stability. In this study, a helical MR-TADF emitter (f-DOABNA) is designed and synthesized. Owing to its π-delocalized structure, f-DOABNA possesses a small singlet-triplet gap, ΔEST, and displays simultaneously an exceptionally faster reverse intersystem crossing rate constant, kRISC, of up to 2 × 106 s-1 and a very high photoluminescence quantum yield, ΦPL, of over 90% in both solution and doped films. The OLED with f-DOABNA as the emitter achieved a narrow deep-blue emission at 445 nm (full width at half-maximum of 24 nm) associated with Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.150, 0.041), and showed a high maximum external quantum efficiency, EQEmax, of ≈20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangani Wathsala Weerasinghe
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Subeesh Madayanad Suresh
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - David Hall
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Tomas Matulaitis
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Stuart Warriner
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Yi-Ting Lee
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Chin-Yiu Chan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 000-000, China
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 000-000, China
| | - Youichi Tsuchiya
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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Fuentes JA, Janka ME, McKay AP, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Lebl T, Clarke ML. Ligand Hydrogenation during Hydroformylation Catalysis Detected by In Situ High-Pressure Infra-Red Spectroscopic Analysis of a Rhodium/Phospholene-Phosphite Catalyst. Molecules 2024; 29:845. [PMID: 38398597 PMCID: PMC10891676 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Phospholane-phosphites are known to show highly unusual selectivity towards branched aldehydes in the hydroformylation of terminal alkenes. This paper describes the synthesis of hitherto unknown unsaturated phospholene borane precursors and their conversion to the corresponding phospholene-phosphites. The relative stereochemistry of one of these ligands and its Pd complex was assigned with the aid of X-ray crystal structure determinations. These ligands were able to approach the level of selectivity observed for phospholane-phosphites in the rhodium-catalysed hydroformylation of propene. High-pressure infra-red (HPIR) spectroscopic monitoring of the catalyst formation revealed that whilst the catalysts showed good thermal stability with respect to fragmentation, the C=C bond in the phospholene moiety was slowly hydrogenated in the presence of rhodium and syngas. The ability of this spectroscopic tool to detect even subtle changes in structure, remotely from the carbonyl ligands, underlines the usefulness of HPIR spectroscopy in hydroformylation catalyst development.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A. Fuentes
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Purdie Building, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK; (J.A.F.); (A.P.M.); (D.B.C.); (A.M.Z.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Mesfin E. Janka
- Eastman Chemical Company, 200 South Wilcox Drive, Kingsport, TN 37660, USA
| | - Aidan P. McKay
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Purdie Building, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK; (J.A.F.); (A.P.M.); (D.B.C.); (A.M.Z.S.); (T.L.)
| | - David B. Cordes
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Purdie Building, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK; (J.A.F.); (A.P.M.); (D.B.C.); (A.M.Z.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Purdie Building, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK; (J.A.F.); (A.P.M.); (D.B.C.); (A.M.Z.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Tomas Lebl
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Purdie Building, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK; (J.A.F.); (A.P.M.); (D.B.C.); (A.M.Z.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Matthew L. Clarke
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Purdie Building, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK; (J.A.F.); (A.P.M.); (D.B.C.); (A.M.Z.S.); (T.L.)
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Aitken RA, Dawson G, Keddie NS, Kraus H, Milton HL, Slawin AMZ, Wheatley J, Woollins JD. Thermal Rearrangement of Thiocarbonyl-Stabilised Triphenylphosphonium Ylides Leading to ( Z)-1-Diphenylphosphino-2-(phenylsulfenyl)alkenes and Their Coordination Chemistry. Molecules 2023; 29:221. [PMID: 38202804 PMCID: PMC10780699 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
While thiocarbonyl-stabilised phosphonium ylides generally react upon flash vacuum pyrolysis by the extrusion of Ph3PS to give alkynes in an analogous way to their carbonyl-stabilised analogues, two examples with a hydrogen atom on the ylidic carbon are found to undergo a quite different process. The net transfer of a phenyl group from P to S gives (Z)-configured 1-diphenylphosphino-2-(phenylsulfenyl)alkenes in a novel isomerisation process via intermediate λ5-1,2-thiaphosphetes. These prove to be versatile hemilabile ligands with a total of seven complexes prepared involving five different transition metals. Four of these are characterised by X-ray diffraction with two involving the bidentate ligand forming a five-membered ring metallacycle and two with the ligand coordinating to the metal only through phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Alan Aitken
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
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6
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Aragoni MC, Podda E, Chaudhary S, Bhasin AKK, Bhasin KK, Coles SJ, Orton JB, Isaia F, Lippolis V, Pintus A, Slawin AMZ, Woollins JD, Arca M. An Experimental and Theoretical Insight into I 2 /Br 2 Oxidation of Bis(pyridin-2-yl)Diselane and Ditellane. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300836. [PMID: 37843415 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity between bis(pyridin-2-yl)diselane o Py2 Se2 and ditellane o Py2 Te2 (L1 and L2, respectively; o Py=pyridyn-2-yl) and I2 /Br2 is discussed. Single-crystal structure analysis revealed that the reaction of L1 with I2 yielded [(HL1+ )(I- )⋅5/2I2 ]∞ (1) in which monoprotonated cations HL1+ template a self-assembled infinite pseudo-cubic polyiodide 3D-network, while the reaction with Br2 yielded the dibromide Ho PySeII Br2 (2). The oxidation of L2 with I2 and Br2 yielded the compounds Ho PyTeII I2 (3) and Ho PyTeIV Br4 (6), respectively, whose structures were elucidated by X-ray diffraction analysis. FT-Raman spectroscopy measurements are consistent with a 3c-4e description of all the X-Ch-X three-body systems (Ch=Se, Te; X=Br, I) in compounds 2, 3, Ho PyTeII Br2 (5), and 6. The structural and spectroscopic observations are supported by extensive theoretical calculations carried out at the DFT level that were employed to study the electronic structure of the investigated compounds, the thermodynamic aspects of their formation, and the role of noncovalent σ-hole halogen and chalcogen bonds in the X⋅⋅⋅X, X⋅⋅⋅Ch and Ch⋅⋅⋅Ch interactions evidenced structurally.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carla Aragoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Enrico Podda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
- Centro Servizi di Ateneo per la Ricerca (CeSAR), Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Savita Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Aman K K Bhasin
- Department of Chemistry, Amity University, Sector 82 A, Mohali, Punjab-140306, India
| | - Kuldip K Bhasin
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Simon J Coles
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - James B Orton
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Francesco Isaia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Vito Lippolis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Anna Pintus
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - J Derek Woollins
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Massimiliano Arca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
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Tarcza AE, Slawin AMZ, Carpenter-Warren CL, Bühl M, Kilian P, Chalmers BA. Constrained Phosphine Chalcogenide Selenoethers Supported by peri-Substitution. Molecules 2023; 28:7297. [PMID: 37959719 PMCID: PMC10650533 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of phosphorus and selenium peri-substituted acenaphthene species with the phosphino group oxidized by O, S, and Se has been isolated and fully characterized, including by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The P(V) and Se(II) systems showed fluxional behavior in solution due to the presence of two major rotamers, as evidenced with solution NMR spectroscopy. Using Variable-Temperature NMR (VT NMR) and supported by DFT (Density Functional Theory) calculations and solid-state NMR, the major rotamers in the solid and in solution were identified. All compounds showed a loss of the through-space JPSe coupling observed in the unoxidized P(III) and Se(II) systems due to the sequestration of the lone pair of the phosphine, which has been previously identified as the major contributor to the coupling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Brian A. Chalmers
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
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Si C, Wang T, Gupta AK, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Siegel JS, Zysman‐Colman E. Room-Temperature Multiple Phosphorescence from Functionalized Corannulenes: Temperature Sensing and Afterglow Organic Light-Emitting Diode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309718. [PMID: 37656606 PMCID: PMC10953377 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Corannulene-derived materials have been extensively explored in energy storage and solar cells, however, are rarely documented as emitters in light-emitting sensors and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), due to low exciton utilization. Here, we report a family of multi-donor and acceptor (multi-D-A) motifs, TCzPhCor, TDMACPhCor, and TPXZPhCor, using corannulene as the acceptor and carbazole (Cz), 9,10-dihydro-9,10-dimethylacridine (DMAC), and phenoxazine (PXZ) as the donor, respectively. By decorating corannulene with different donors, multiple phosphorescence is realized. Theoretical and photophysical investigations reveal that TCzPhCor shows room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) from the lowest-lying T1 ; however, for TDMACPhCor, dual RTP originating from a higher-lying T1 (T1 H ) and a lower-lying T1 (T1 L ) can be observed, while for TPXZPhCor, T1 H -dominated RTP occurs resulting from a stabilized high-energy T1 geometry. Benefiting from the high-temperature sensitivity of TPXZPhCor, high color-resolution temperature sensing is achieved. Besides, due to degenerate S1 and T1 H states of TPXZPhCor, the first corannulene-based solution-processed afterglow OLEDs is investigated. The afterglow OLED with TPXZPhCor shows a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax ) and a luminance (Lmax ) of 3.3 % and 5167 cd m-2 , respectively, which is one of the most efficient afterglow RTP OLEDs reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfeng Si
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt. AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Tao Wang
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt. AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Abhishek Kumar Gupta
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt. AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - David B. Cordes
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt. AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt. AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Jay S. Siegel
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072P. R. China
- Institute of Organic ChemistryAlbert Ludwig University of FreiburgAlbertstr. 2179104Freiburg
| | - Eli Zysman‐Colman
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt. AndrewsKY16 9STUK
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Burnett S, Ferns R, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, van Mourik T, Stasch A. Low-Coordinate Magnesium Sulfide and Selenide Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16443-16450. [PMID: 37747417 PMCID: PMC10565804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The reactions of [{(iPrDipNacNac)Mg}2] 1 (iPrDipnacnac = HC(iPrCNDip)2) with Ph3P═O at 100 °C afforded the phosphinate complex [(iPrDipNacNac)Mg(OPPh3)(OPPh2)] 3. Reactions of 1 with Ph3P═E (E = S, Se) proceeded rapidly at room temperature to low-coordinate chalcogenide complexes [{(iPrDipNacNac)Mg}2(μ-S)] 4 and [{(iPrDipNacNac)Mg}2(μ-Se)] 5, respectively. Similarly, reactions of RNHC═S ((MeCNR)2C═S with R = Me, Et, or iPr) with 1 afforded NHC adducts of magnesium sulfide complexes, [{(iPrDipNacNac)Mg(RNHC)}(μ-S){Mg(iPrDipNacNac)}] 6, that could alternatively be obtained by adding the appropriate RNHC to sulfide complex 4. Complex 4 reacted with 1-adamantylazide (AdN3) to give [{(iPrDipNacNac)Mg}2(μ-SN3Ad)] 7 and can form various simple donor adducts in solution, of which [(iPrDipNacNac)Mg(OAd)}2(μ-S)] 8a (OAd = 2-adamantanone) was structurally characterized. The nature of the ionic Mg-E-Mg unit is described by solution and solid-state studies of the complexes and by DFT computational investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Burnett
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Rochelle Ferns
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - David B. Cordes
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Tanja van Mourik
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Stasch
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
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10
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Davidson DJ, Lu F, Faas L, Dawson DM, Warren GP, Panovic I, Montgomery JRD, Ma X, Bosilkov BG, Slawin AMZ, Lebl T, Chatzifragkou A, Robinson S, Ashbrook SE, Shaw LJ, Lambert S, Van Damme I, Gomez LD, Charalampopoulos D, Westwood NJ. Organosolv Pretreatment of Cocoa Pod Husks: Isolation, Analysis, and Use of Lignin from an Abundant Waste Product. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2023; 11:14323-14333. [PMID: 37799817 PMCID: PMC10548466 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c03670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Cocoa pod husks (CPHs) represent an underutilized component of the chocolate manufacturing process. While industry's current focus is understandably on the cocoa beans, the husks make up around 75 wt % of the fruit. Previous studies have been dominated by the carbohydrate polymers present in CPHs, but this work highlights the presence of the biopolymer lignin in this biomass. An optimized organosolv lignin isolation protocol was developed, delivering significant practical improvements. This new protocol may also prove to be useful for agricultural waste-derived biomasses in general. NMR analysis of the high quality lignin led to an improved structural understanding, with evidence provided to support deacetylation of the lignin occurring during the optimized pretreatment. Chemical transformation, using a tosylation, azidation, copper-catalyzed click protocol, delivered a modified lignin oligomer with an organophosphorus motif attached. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to demonstrate the oligomer's potential as a flame-retardant. Preliminary analysis of the other product streams isolated from the CPHs was also carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Davidson
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Fei Lu
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Faas
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M Dawson
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey P Warren
- Soil Research Centre, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AB, United Kingdom
| | - Isabella Panovic
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - James R D Montgomery
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Boris G Bosilkov
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas Lebl
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Afroditi Chatzifragkou
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Robinson
- Soil Research Centre, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AB, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon E Ashbrook
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Liz J Shaw
- Soil Research Centre, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AB, United Kingdom
| | - Smilja Lambert
- Mars Wrigley Australia, Ring Road, Wendouree, VIC 3355, Australia
| | - Isabella Van Damme
- Mars Wrigley Confectionery UK Ltd., Slough, Berkshire, SL1 4LG, United Kingdom
| | - Leonardo D Gomez
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitris Charalampopoulos
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Westwood
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
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11
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Zhang L, Christie FA, Tarcza AE, Lancaster HG, Taylor LJ, Bühl M, Malkina OL, Woollins JD, Carpenter-Warren CL, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Chalmers BA, Kilian P. Phosphine and Selenoether peri-Substituted Acenaphthenes and Their Transition-Metal Complexes: Structural and NMR Investigations. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16084-16100. [PMID: 37722079 PMCID: PMC10548420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
A series of peri-substituted acenaphthene-based phosphine selenoether bidentate ligands Acenap(iPr2P)(SeAr) (L1-L4, Acenap = acenaphthene-5,6-diyl, Ar = Ph, mesityl, 2,4,6-trisopropylphenyl and supermesityl) were prepared. The rigid acenaphthene framework induces a forced overlap of the phosphine and selenoether lone pairs, resulting in a large magnitude of through-space 4JPSe coupling, ranging from 452 to 545 Hz. These rigid ligands L1-L4 were used to prepare a series of selected late d-block metals, mercury, and borane complexes, which were characterized, including by multinuclear NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The Lewis acidic motifs (BH3, Mo(CO)4, Ag+, PdCl2, PtCl2, and HgCl2) bridge the two donor atoms (P and Se) in all but one case in the solid-state structures. Where the bridging motif contained NMR-active nuclei (11B, 107Ag, 109Ag, 195Pt, and 199Hg), JPM and JSeM couplings are observed directly, in addition to the altered JPSe in the respective NMR spectra. The solution NMR data are correlated with single-crystal diffraction data, and in the case of mercury(II) complexes, they are also correlated with the solid-state NMR data and coupling deformation density calculations. The latter indicate that the through-space interaction dominates in free L1, while in the L1HgCl2 complex, the main coupling pathway is via the metal atom and not through the carbon framework of the acenaphthene ring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutao Zhang
- EaStChem
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K.
- Institute
of Wolfberry Science, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry
Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Francesca A. Christie
- EaStChem
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K.
| | - Anna E. Tarcza
- EaStChem
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K.
| | - Helena G. Lancaster
- EaStChem
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K.
| | - Laurence J. Taylor
- EaStChem
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K.
| | - Michael Bühl
- EaStChem
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K.
| | - Olga L. Malkina
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 84 536, Slovakia
| | - J. Derek Woollins
- Department
of Chemistry, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - David B. Cordes
- EaStChem
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K.
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStChem
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K.
| | - Brian A. Chalmers
- EaStChem
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K.
| | - Petr Kilian
- EaStChem
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K.
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12
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Andrews M, Carpentier A, Slawin AMZ, Cordes DB, Macgregor SA, Watson AJB. Mechanism of Cu-Catalyzed Iododeboronation: A Description of Ligand-Enabled Transmetalation, Disproportionation, and Turnover in Cu-Mediated Oxidative Coupling Reactions. ACS Catal 2023; 13:11117-11126. [PMID: 37614524 PMCID: PMC10442916 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c02839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
We report a combined experimental and computational study of the mechanism of the Cu-catalyzed arylboronic acid iododeboronation reaction. A combination of structural and density functional theory (DFT) analyses has allowed determination of the identity of the reaction precatalyst with insight into each step of the catalytic cycle. Key findings include a rationale for ligand (phen) stoichiometry related to key turnover events-the ligand facilitates transmetalation via H-bonding to an organoboron boronate generated in situ and phen loss/gain is integral to the key oxidative events. These data provide a framework for understanding ligand effects on these key mechanistic processes, which underpin several classes of Cu-mediated oxidative coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew
J. Andrews
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Purdie Building, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Ambre Carpentier
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Purdie Building, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - David B. Cordes
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Purdie Building, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Stuart A. Macgregor
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Allan J. B. Watson
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Purdie Building, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
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13
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Hu Y, Abazari R, Sanati S, Nadafan M, Carpenter-Warren CL, Slawin AMZ, Zhou Y, Kirillov AM. A Dual-Purpose Ce(III)-Organic Framework with Amine Groups and Open Metal Sites: Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Activity and Catalytic CO 2 Fixation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:37300-37311. [PMID: 37497576 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The present work focuses on the synthesis and properties of a novel multifunctional cerium(III) MOF, [Ce2(data)3(DMF)4]·DMF (data2-: 2,5-diaminoterephthalate), abbreviated as NH2-Ce-MUM-2. Its crystal structure reveals an intricate 3D 4,5-connected framework with a xah topology. This MOF features unique properties, such as open metal sites, presence of free amino groups, and high stability. Two main applications of NH2-Ce-MUM-2 were investigated: (i) as a heterogeneous catalyst in the CO2 fixation into cyclic carbonates and (ii) as a material with third-order nonlinear optical activity. As a model reaction, the cycloaddition of CO2 to propylene oxide to give the corresponding cyclic carbonate was explored under mild conditions, at the atmospheric pressure of carbon dioxide and in the absence of cocatalyst and added solvent. Various reaction parameters were investigated toward optimization and exploration of substrate scope, revealing up to 99% product yields of cyclic carbonate products. Besides, the structure of NH2-Ce-MUM-2 is highly stable, permitting its recyclability and reusability in further catalytic experiments. The significant contributions of free amino groups and open metal sites within this catalyst were particularly considered when proposing a potential mechanism for the reaction. Z-Scan measurements were used to evaluate the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of NH2-Ce-MUM-2 at various laser intensities. A high two-photon absorption (TPA) under greater incident intensities shows that NH2-Ce-MUM-2 might be applicable in optical switching devices. Besides, the self-focusing effects of NH2-Ce-MUM-2 under various incident intensities were highlighted by the nonlinear index of refraction (n2). By reporting the synthesis and characterization of a novel MOF, along with its highly promising catalytic and NLO behavior, the current study introduces an additional example of multifunctional material into a growing family of metal-organic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Hu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution Control, National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province 316004, China
| | - Reza Abazari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, 55181-83111, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Soheila Sanati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, 55181-83111, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Marzieh Nadafan
- Department of Physics, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, 16788-15811, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Yingtang Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution Control, National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province 316004, China
| | - Alexander M Kirillov
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
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14
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Abdul Manan MAF, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ. Methyl 4-amino-3-meth-oxy-isoxazole-5-carboxyl-ate. IUCrdata 2023; 8:x230623. [PMID: 37693783 PMCID: PMC10483543 DOI: 10.1107/s2414314623006235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The title compound, C6H8N2O4, a new derivative of isoxazole, has been synthesized and structurally characterized. The crystal structure shows the mol-ecule to be almost planar (r.m.s. deviation for the non-hydrogen atoms = 0.029 Å), this conformation being supported by an intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond. In the extended structure, the mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into chains propagating along [010].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David B. Cordes
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
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15
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Suresh SM, Zhang L, Matulaitis T, Hall D, Si C, Ricci G, Slawin AMZ, Warriner S, Beljonne D, Olivier Y, Samuel IDW, Zysman-Colman E. Judicious Heteroatom Doping Produces High-Performance Deep-Blue/Near-UV Multiresonant Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence OLEDs. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2300997. [PMID: 37140188 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Two multiresonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitters are presented and it is shown how further borylation of a deep-blue MR-TADF emitter, DIDOBNA-N, both blueshifts and narrows the emission producing a new near-UV MR-TADF emitter, MesB-DIDOBNA-N, are shown. DIDOBNA-N emits bright blue light (ΦPL = 444 nm, FWHM = 64 nm, ΦPL = 81%, τd = 23 ms, 1.5 wt% in TSPO1). The deep-blue organic light-emitting diode (OLED) based on this twisted MR-TADF compound shows a very high maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax ) of 15.3% for a device with CIEy of 0.073. The fused planar MR-TADF emitter, MesB-DIDOBNA-N shows efficient and narrowband near-UV emission (λPL = 402 nm, FWHM = 19 nm, ΦPL = 74.7%, τd = 133 ms, 1.5 wt% in TSPO1). The best OLED with MesB-DIDOBNA-N, doped in a co-host, shows the highest efficiency reported for a near-UV OLED at 16.2%. With a CIEy coordinate of 0.049, this device also shows the bluest EL reported for a MR-TADF OLED to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subeesh Madayanad Suresh
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Le Zhang
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Tomas Matulaitis
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - David Hall
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Mons, 7000, Belgium
| | - Changfeng Si
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Gaetano Ricci
- Laboratory for Computational Modeling of Functional Materials, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, Namur, 5000, Belgium
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Stuart Warriner
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Mons, 7000, Belgium
| | - Yoann Olivier
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Mons, 7000, Belgium
- Laboratory for Computational Modeling of Functional Materials, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, Namur, 5000, Belgium
| | - Ifor D W Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
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16
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Nimmo AJ, Bitai J, Young CM, McLaughlin C, Slawin AMZ, Cordes DB, Smith AD. Enantioselective isothiourea-catalysed reversible Michael addition of aryl esters to 2-benzylidene malononitriles. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7537-7544. [PMID: 37449062 PMCID: PMC10337745 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02101g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalytic enantioselective transformations usually rely upon optimal enantioselectivity being observed in kinetically controlled reaction processes, with energy differences between diastereoisomeric transition state energies translating to stereoisomeric product ratios. Herein, stereoselectivity resulting from an unusual reversible Michael addition of an aryl ester to 2-benzylidene malononitrile electrophiles using an isothiourea as a Lewis base catalyst is demonstrated. Notably, the basicity of the aryloxide component and reactivity of the isothiourea Lewis base both affect the observed product selectivity, with control studies and crossover experiments indicating the feasibility of a constructive reversible Michael addition from the desired product. When this reversible addition is coupled with a crystallisation-induced diastereomer transformation (CIDT) it allows isolation of products in high yield and stereocontrol (14 examples, up to 95 : 5 dr and 99 : 1 er). Application of this process to gram scale, plus derivatisations to provide further useful products, is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J Nimmo
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Jacqueline Bitai
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Claire M Young
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Calum McLaughlin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - David B Cordes
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
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17
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Pintus A, Pilloni C, Pippia G, Podda E, Carla Aragoni M, Lippolis V, Aloukos P, Potamianos D, Chazapis N, Couris S, Anyfantis GC, Slawin AMZ, Woollins JD, Arca M. A new class of third-order nonlinear optical materials: laser pulse-duration dependant saturable absorption and nonlinear refraction in platinum(II) diimine-dithiolate complexes. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 37358422 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00931a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of a series of platinum diimine-dithiolate complexes [Pt(N^N)(S^S)] were investigated by means of Z-scan measurements, revealing second hyperpolarizability values up to 10-29 esu, saturable absorption properties, and nonlinear refractive behaviour, which were rationalized also by means of DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pintus
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Cristian Pilloni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Pippia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Enrico Podda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy.
- Centro Servizi di Ateneo per la Ricerca (CeSAR), Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - M Carla Aragoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Vito Lippolis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Panagiotis Aloukos
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), P.O. Box 1414, 26504 Patras, Greece.
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Dionysios Potamianos
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), P.O. Box 1414, 26504 Patras, Greece.
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Chazapis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), P.O. Box 1414, 26504 Patras, Greece.
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Stelios Couris
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), P.O. Box 1414, 26504 Patras, Greece.
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - George C Anyfantis
- NanoPhos S.A., Science and Technology Park of Lavrio, 1st km of Lavrio - Athens Ave., PO Box 519, Lavrio 19500, Attica, Greece
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, KY16 9ST, St. Andrews, Fife, UK
| | - J Derek Woollins
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, KY16 9ST, St. Andrews, Fife, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Massimiliano Arca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy.
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18
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Yang LJ, Xuan W, Webster D, Jagadamma LK, Li T, Miller DN, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Turnbull GA, Samuel IDW, Chen HYT, Lightfoot P, Dyer MS, Payne JL. Manipulation of the Structure and Optoelectronic Properties through Bromine Inclusion in a Layered Lead Bromide Perovskite. Chem Mater 2023; 35:3801-3814. [PMID: 37251101 PMCID: PMC10210243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c03125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
One of the great advantages of organic-inorganic metal halides is that their structures and properties are highly tuneable and this is important when optimizing materials for photovoltaics or other optoelectronic devices. One of the most common and effective ways of tuning the electronic structure is through anion substitution. Here, we report the inclusion of bromine into the layered perovskite [H3N(CH2)6NH3]PbBr4 to form [H3N(CH2)6NH3]PbBr4·Br2, which contains molecular bromine (Br2) intercalated between the layers of corner-sharing PbBr6 octahedra. Bromine intercalation in [H3N(CH2)6NH3]PbBr4·Br2 results in a decrease in the band gap of 0.85 eV and induces a structural transition from a Ruddlesden-Popper-like to Dion-Jacobson-like phase, while also changing the conformation of the amine. Electronic structure calculations show that Br2 intercalation is accompanied by the formation of a new band in the electronic structure and a significant decrease in the effective masses of around two orders of magnitude. This is backed up by our resistivity measurements that show that [H3N(CH2)6NH3]PbBr4·Br2 has a resistivity value of one order of magnitude lower than [H3N(CH2)6NH3]PbBr4, suggesting that bromine inclusion significantly increases the mobility and/or carrier concentration in the material. This work highlights the possibility of using molecular inclusion as an alternative tool to tune the electronic properties of layered organic-inorganic perovskites, while also being the first example of molecular bromine inclusion in a layered lead halide perovskite. By using a combination of crystallography and computation, we show that the key to this manipulation of the electronic structure is the formation of halogen bonds between the Br2 and Br in the [PbBr4]∞ layers, which is likely to have important effects in a range of organic-inorganic metal halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-jie Yang
- School
of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, United Kingdom
| | - Wenye Xuan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
- Materials
Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, United Kingdom
- Department
of Engineering and System Science, National
Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - David Webster
- Organic
Semiconductor Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, United Kingdom
| | - Lethy Krishnan Jagadamma
- Organic
Semiconductor Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, United Kingdom
| | - Teng Li
- School
of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, United Kingdom
| | - David N. Miller
- School
of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, United Kingdom
| | - David B. Cordes
- School
of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- School
of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, United Kingdom
| | - Graham A. Turnbull
- Organic
Semiconductor Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, United Kingdom
| | - Ifor D. W. Samuel
- Organic
Semiconductor Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, United Kingdom
| | - Hsin-Yi Tiffany Chen
- Department
of Engineering and System Science, National
Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Philip Lightfoot
- School
of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew S. Dyer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
- Materials
Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Julia L. Payne
- School
of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, United Kingdom
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19
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Sudhakar P, Kuila S, Stavrou K, Danos A, Slawin AMZ, Monkman A, Zysman-Colman E. Azaborine as a Versatile Weak Donor for Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37199521 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research has been devoted to the development of thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters, especially those showing pure-blue emission for use in lighting and full-color display applications. Toward that goal, herein we report a novel weak donor, 1,4-azaborine (AZB), with complementary electronic and structural properties compared to the widely used dimethylacridan (DMAC) or carbazole (Cz) donors. Coupled with a triazine acceptor, AZB-Ph-TRZ is the direct structural analogue of the high-performance and well-studied green TADF emitter DMAC-TRZ and has ΔEST = 0.39 eV, a photoluminescence quantum yield (ΦPL) of 27%, and λPL = 415 nm in 10 wt % doped mCP films. The shortened analogue AZB-TRZ possesses red-shifted emission with a reduced singlet-triplet gap (ΔEST = 0.01 eV) and fast reverse intersystem crossing (kRISC of 5 × 106 s-1) in mCP. Despite a moderate ΦPL of 34%, OLEDs with AZB-TRZ in mCP showed sky-blue emission with CIE1931(x,y) of (0.22,0.39) and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 10.5%. Expanding the chemist's toolkit for the design of blue donor-acceptor TADF materials will enable yet further advances in the future, as AZB is paired with a wider range of acceptor groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pagidi Sudhakar
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Suman Kuila
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Kleitos Stavrou
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Andrew Danos
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Monkman
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
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20
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Wang Y, Young CM, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Probing Regio- and Enantioselectivity in the Formal [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of C(1)-Alkyl Ammonium Enolates with β- and α,β-Substituted Trifluoromethylenones. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37184337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The isothiourea-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective formal [2 + 2] cycloaddition of C(1)-alkyl and C(1)-unsubstituted ammonium enolates with β- and α,β-substituted trifluoromethylenones has been developed. In all cases, preferential [2 + 2]-cycloaddition over the alternative [4 + 2]-cycloaddition is observed, giving β-lactones with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivity (34 examples, up to >95:5 dr, >99:1 er). The regioselectivity of the process was dictated by the nature of the substituents on both reaction components. Solely [2 + 2] cycloaddition products are observed when using α,β-substituted trifluoromethylenones or α-trialkylsilyl acetic acid derivatives; both [2 + 2] and [4 + 2] cycloaddition products are observed when using β-substituted trifluoromethylenones and α-alkyl-α-trialkylsilyl acetic acids as reactants, with the [2 + 2] cycloaddition as the major reaction product. The beneficial role of the α-silyl substituent within the acid component in this protocol has been demonstrated by control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Wang
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Claire M Young
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - David B Cordes
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, U.K
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21
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Aitken RA, Power LA, Slawin AMZ. New Chemistry of Chiral 1,3-Dioxolan-4-Ones. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093845. [PMID: 37175260 PMCID: PMC10180285 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(2S,5S)-5-Phenyl-2-t-butyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one, readily derived from mandelic acid, undergoes the Michael addition to butenolide and 4-methoxy-β-nitrostyrene with the absolute configuration of the products confirmed by X-ray diffraction in each case. In the former case, thermal fragmentation gives the phenyl ketone, thus illustrating use of the dioxolanone as a chiral benzoyl anion equivalent. The Diels-Alder cycloaddition chemistry of (2S)-5-methylene-2-t-butyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one, derived from lactic acid, has been further examined with the X-ray structures of four adducts determined. In one case, thermal fragmentation of the adduct gives a chiral epoxy ketone resulting from the dioxolanone acting as a chiral ketene equivalent, while in others the products give insight into the mechanism of the dioxolanone fragmentation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Alan Aitken
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Lynn A Power
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
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22
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Abdul Manan MAF, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, O'Hagan D. [3-Methoxy-5-(methoxycarbonyl)isoxazol-4-yl](4-methoxyphenyl)iodonium 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate. IUCr Data 2023; 8:x230300. [PMID: 37151204 PMCID: PMC10162032 DOI: 10.1107/s2414314623003000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A new isoxazole-based iodonoium salt, C13H13INO5
+·C2F3O2
−, has been synthesized and structurally characterized. In the crystal, ions are linked by short I...O contacts to form a neutral tetra-ion aggregate. These combine with C—H...F and C—H...O interactions to form double-layered two-dimensional sheets in the (001) plane.
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23
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Wark S, Lyons MJ, Slawin AMZ, Harrison WTA. Consistent zincophosphite 4-ring `ladder' chain structural motif with isomeric ligands. Acta Cryst E 2023; 79:272-279. [PMID: 37057029 PMCID: PMC10088307 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989023002062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
The syntheses and crystal structures of four hydrothermally prepared organo–zinc phosphites, viz. poly[[(2-amino-3-methylpyridine)-μ3-phosphonato-zinc] hemihydrate], {[Zn(HPO3)(C6H8N2)]·0.5H2O}
n
, (I), poly[(2-amino-4-methylpyridine)-μ3-phosphonato-zinc], [Zn(HPO3)(C6H8N2)]
n
, (II), poly[(2-amino-5-methylpyridine)-μ3-phosphonato-zinc], [Zn(HPO3)(C6H8N2)]
n
, (III), and poly[bis(2-amino-4-methylpyridinium) [tetra-μ3-phosphonato-trizinc] monohydrate], {(C6H9N2)2[Zn3(HPO3)4]·H2O}
n
, (IV), are described. Compounds (I)–(III) are constructed from vertex-sharing ZnO3N tetrahedra (the organic molecule acting as a ligand) and HPO3 pseudo pyramids in a 1:1 ratio to generate the same motif of infinite 4-ring `ladder' chains propagating in the [010], [101] and [100] directions, respectively, whereas (IV) consists of (010) layers of vertex-sharing ZnO4 and HPO3 units in a 3:4 ratio with the protonated organic molecule acting as a template. When an excess of HCl is used in the synthesis, the simple hydrated molecular salt, bis(2-amino-3-methylpyridinium) tetrachlorozincate monohydrate, (C6H8N2)2[ZnCl4]·H2O, (V), arises. Compounds (I)–(V) feature extensive networks of hydrogen bonds, both classical (N—H...O, N—H...Cl, O—H...O) and non-classical (C—H...O, C—H...Cl) in nature, which help to consolidate the extended structures.
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24
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Duda E, Madayanad Suresh S, Hall D, Bagnich S, Saxena R, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Beljonne D, Olivier Y, Köhler A, Zysman-Colman E. An Oligomer Approach for Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Emitters Based on Twisted Donor-Acceptor Units. Chem Mater 2023; 35:2027-2037. [PMID: 36936179 PMCID: PMC10018739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c03438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient blue donor-acceptor thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters remains a challenge. To enhance the efficiency of TADF-related processes of the emitter, we targeted a molecular design that would introduce a large number of intermediate triplet states between the lowest energy excited triplet (T1) and singlet (S1) excited states. Here, we introduce an oligomer approach using repetitive donor-acceptor units to gradually increase the number of quasi-degenerate states. In our design, benzonitrile (BN) moieties were selected as acceptors that are connected together via the amine donors, acting as bridges to adjacent BN acceptors. To preserve the photoluminescence emission wavelength across the series, we employed a design based on an ortho substitution pattern of the donors about the BN acceptor that induces a highly twisted conformation of the emitters, limiting the conjugation. Via a systematic photophysical study, we show that increasing the oligomer size allows for enhancement of the intersystem crossing and reverse intersystem crossing rates. We attribute the increasing intersystem crossing rate to the increasing number of intermediate triplet states along the series, confirmed by the time-dependent density functional theory. Overall, we report an approach to enhance the efficiency of TADF-related processes without changing the blue photoluminescence color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eimantas Duda
- Soft
Matter Optoelectronics, BIMF & BPI, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Subeesh Madayanad Suresh
- Organic
Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK
| | - David Hall
- Organic
Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK
- Laboratory
for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Sergey Bagnich
- Soft
Matter Optoelectronics, BIMF & BPI, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Rishabh Saxena
- Soft
Matter Optoelectronics, BIMF & BPI, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - David B. Cordes
- Organic
Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- Organic
Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory
for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Yoann Olivier
- Laboratory
for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
- Unité
de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale & Laboratoire
de Physique du Solide, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Anna Köhler
- Soft
Matter Optoelectronics, BIMF & BPI, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic
Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK
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25
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Matulaitis T, dos Santos PL, Tsuchiya Y, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Adachi C, Samuel IDW, Zysman‐Colman E. Donor Influence on the Optoelectronic Properties of N‐Substituted Tetraphenylimidazole Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202300274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Matulaitis
- Organic Semiconductor Centre School of Chemistry University of St. Andrews St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST United Kingdom
| | - Paloma L. dos Santos
- Organic Semiconductor Centre SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9SS United Kingdom
- Current address: Department of Engineering Durham University Durham DH1 3LE
| | - Youichi Tsuchiya
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - David B. Cordes
- Organic Semiconductor Centre School of Chemistry University of St. Andrews St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- Organic Semiconductor Centre School of Chemistry University of St. Andrews St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST United Kingdom
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Ifor D. W. Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9SS United Kingdom
| | - Eli Zysman‐Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre School of Chemistry University of St. Andrews St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST United Kingdom
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26
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Halford-McGuff JM, Slawin AMZ, Watson AJB. Steric Parameterization Delivers a Reciprocally Predictive Model for Substrate Reactivity and Catalyst Turnover in Rh-Catalyzed Diyne-Alkyne [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloadditions. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Halford-McGuff
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Allan J. B. Watson
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
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27
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Liu H, Hafeez H, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Peters G, Lee SL, Samuel IDW, Morrison FD. Enhanced Photoluminescence and Reduced Dimensionality via Vacancy Ordering in a 10H Halide Perovskite. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:3629-3636. [PMID: 36780272 PMCID: PMC9976281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Vacancy-ordered halide perovskites have received great interest in optoelectronic applications. In this work, we report the novel inorganic halide Cs10MnSb6Cl30 with a distinctive 10H (10-layer hexagonal) perovskite polytype structure with (hcccc)2 stacking. Cs10MnSb6Cl30 has 30% B-site vacancies ordered at both corner- and face-sharing sites, resulting in [MnSb6Cl30]10-n columns, i.e., a reduction of octahedral connectivity to 1D. This results in enhanced photoluminescence in comparison to the previously reported 25% vacancy-ordered 3C polytype Cs4MnSb2Cl12 with 2D connectivity. This demonstrates not only the existence of the 10H perovskite structure in halides but also demonstrates the degree of B-site deficiency and stacking sequence variation as a direction to tune the optical properties of perovskite polytypes via vacancy rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Liu
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Hassan Hafeez
- Organic
Semiconductor Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, SUPA, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, U.K.
| | - David B. Cordes
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Gavin Peters
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Stephen L. Lee
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, SUPA, University
of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St.
Andrews KY16 9SS, U.K.
| | - Ifor D. W. Samuel
- Organic
Semiconductor Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, SUPA, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, U.K.
| | - Finlay D. Morrison
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.,
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28
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Madayanad Suresh S, Zhang L, Hall D, Si C, Ricci G, Matulaitis T, Slawin AMZ, Warriner S, Olivier Y, Samuel IDW, Zysman-Colman E. A Deep-Blue-Emitting Heteroatom-Doped MR-TADF Nonacene for High-Performance Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215522. [PMID: 36480790 PMCID: PMC10107802 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We present a p- and n-doped nonacene compound, NOBNacene, that represents a rare example of a linearly extended ladder-type multiresonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitter. This compound shows efficient narrow deep blue emission, with a λPL of 410 nm, full width at half maximum, FWHM, of 38 nm, photoluminescence quantum yield, ΦPL of 71 %, and a delayed lifetime, τd of 1.18 ms in 1.5 wt % TSPO1 thin film. The organic light-emitting diode (OLED) using this compound as the emitter shows a comparable electroluminescence spectrum peaked at 409 nm (FWHM=37 nm) and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax ) of 8.5 % at Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.173, 0.055). The EQEmax values were increased to 11.2 % at 3 wt % doping of the emitter within the emissive layer of the device. At this concentration, the electroluminescence spectrum broadened slightly, leading to CIE coordinates of (0.176, 0.068).
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Affiliation(s)
- Subeesh Madayanad Suresh
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Le Zhang
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.,Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - David Hall
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Changfeng Si
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Gaetano Ricci
- Laboratory for Computational Modeling of Functional Materials & Solid State Physics Laboratory, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Tomas Matulaitis
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Stuart Warriner
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Yoann Olivier
- Laboratory for Computational Modeling of Functional Materials & Solid State Physics Laboratory, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Ifor D W Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
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29
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Aragoni MC, Podda E, Caria V, Carta SA, Cherchi MF, Lippolis V, Murgia S, Orrù G, Pippia G, Scano A, Slawin AMZ, Woollins JD, Pintus A, Arca M. [Au III(N^N)Br 2](PF 6): A Class of Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Complexes (N^N = 2,2'-Bipyridine and 1,10-Phenanthroline Derivatives). Inorg Chem 2023; 62:2924-2933. [PMID: 36728360 PMCID: PMC9930124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of new complexes of general formula [AuIII(N^N)Br2](PF6) (N^N = 2,2'-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives) were prepared and characterized by spectroscopic, electrochemical, and diffractometric techniques and tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus intermedius, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli), showing promising antibacterial and antibiofilm properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Carla Aragoni
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università
degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 bivio per Sestu, Monserrato Cagliari09042, Italy
| | - Enrico Podda
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università
degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 bivio per Sestu, Monserrato Cagliari09042, Italy,Centro
Servizi di Ateneo per la Ricerca (CeSAR), Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 bivio per Sestu, Monserrato Cagliari09042, Italy
| | - Veronica Caria
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università
degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 bivio per Sestu, Monserrato Cagliari09042, Italy
| | - Silvia A. Carta
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università
degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 bivio per Sestu, Monserrato Cagliari09042, Italy
| | - M. Francesca Cherchi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università
degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 bivio per Sestu, Monserrato Cagliari09042, Italy
| | - Vito Lippolis
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università
degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 bivio per Sestu, Monserrato Cagliari09042, Italy
| | - Simone Murgia
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università
degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 bivio per Sestu, Monserrato Cagliari09042, Italy
| | - Germano Orrù
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chirurgiche, University of Cagliari, Cagliari09042, Italy
| | - Gabriele Pippia
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università
degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 bivio per Sestu, Monserrato Cagliari09042, Italy
| | - Alessandra Scano
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chirurgiche, University of Cagliari, Cagliari09042, Italy
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, Fife, St. AndrewsKY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - J. Derek Woollins
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, Fife, St. AndrewsKY16 9ST, U.K.,Department
of Chemistry, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anna Pintus
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università
degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 bivio per Sestu, Monserrato Cagliari09042, Italy,
| | - Massimiliano Arca
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università
degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 bivio per Sestu, Monserrato Cagliari09042, Italy,
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30
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Abdul Rashid FNA, Bacho MZ, Hamali MA, Slawin AMZ, Mohammat MF, Shamsujunaidi R, Abdul Manan MAF. rac-Ethyl rel-(2 R,3 R,4 S)-4-hy-droxy-1,2-dimethyl-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxyl-ate. IUCrdata 2023; 8:x230075. [PMID: 36911075 PMCID: PMC9993899 DOI: 10.1107/s2414314623000755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C9H15NO4, consists of a functionalized pyrrolidine ring having an envelope conformation, synthesized as an ethyl ester. The mol-ecule has three chiral centres and crystallized as a racemic mixture. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by pairwise O-H⋯O bonds, generating dimers with twofold rotational symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Nur Ain Abdul Rashid
- Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Zulfaqar Bacho
- Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Azwan Hamali
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Mohd Fazli Mohammat
- Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ruwaida Shamsujunaidi
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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31
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Wang T, Gupta AK, Wu S, Slawin AMZ, Zysman-Colman E. Conjugation-Modulated Excitonic Coupling Brightens Multiple Triplet Excited States. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1945-1954. [PMID: 36638828 PMCID: PMC9880999 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The design and regulation of multiple room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) processes are formidably challenging due to the restrictions imposed by Kasha's rule. Here, we report a general design principle for materials that show multiple RTP processes, which is informed by our study of four compounds where there is modulation of the linker hybridization between donor (D) and acceptor (A) groups. Theoretical modeling and photophysical experiments demonstrate that multiple RTP processes can be achieved in sp3 C-linked D-A compounds due to the arrest of intramolecular electronic communication between two triplet states (T1H and T1L) localized on the donor and acceptor or between two triplet states, one localized on the donor and one delocalized across aggregated acceptors. However, for the sp2 C-linked D-A counterparts, RTP from one locally excited T1 state is observed because of enhanced excitonic coupling between the two triplet states of molecular subunits. Single-crystal and reduced density gradient analyses reveal the influence of molecular packing on the coincident phosphorescence processes and the origin of the observed aggregate phosphorescence. These findings provide insights into higher-lying triplet excited-state dynamics and into a fundamental design principle for designing compounds that show multiple RTP.
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32
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Giannoulis A, Ackermann K, Bogdanov A, Cordes DB, Higgins C, Ward J, Slawin AMZ, Taylor JE, Bode BE. Synthesis of mono-nitroxides and of bis-nitroxides with varying electronic through-bond communication. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:375-385. [PMID: 36524609 PMCID: PMC9811921 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01863b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nitroxides are a unique class of persistent radicals finding a wide range of applications, from spin probes to polarizing agents, and recently bis-nitroxides have been used as proof-of-concept molecules for quantum information processing. Here we present the syntheses of pyrroline-based nitroxide (NO) radicals and give a comparision of two possible synthetic routes to form two key intermediates, namely 2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrroline-1-oxyl-3-acetylene (TPA) and 1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrroline-3-carboxylic acid (TPC). TPC and TPA were then used as precursors for the synthesis of three model compounds featuring two distant NO groups with a variable degree of conjugation and thus electronic communication between them. Using relatively facile synthetic routes, we produced a number of mono- and bis-nitroxides with the structures of multiple compounds unambiguously characterized by X-ray crystallography, while Continuous Wave Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (CW-EPR) allowed us to quantify the electronic communication in the bis-nitroxides. Our study expands the repertoire of mono- and bis-nitroxides with possibilities of exploiting them for studying quantum coherence effects and as polarizing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Giannoulis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot76100Israel,EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex and Centre of Magnetic Resonance, University of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Katrin Ackermann
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex and Centre of Magnetic Resonance, University of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Alexey Bogdanov
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot76100Israel
| | - David B. Cordes
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex and Centre of Magnetic Resonance, University of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Catherine Higgins
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex and Centre of Magnetic Resonance, University of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Joshua Ward
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex and Centre of Magnetic Resonance, University of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex and Centre of Magnetic Resonance, University of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - James E. Taylor
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex and Centre of Magnetic Resonance, University of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK,Department of Chemistry, University of BathClaverton DownBathBA2 7AYUK
| | - Bela E. Bode
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex and Centre of Magnetic Resonance, University of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
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33
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Wu S, Kumar Gupta A, Yoshida K, Gong J, Hall D, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Samuel IDW, Zysman‐Colman E. Highly Efficient Green and Red Narrowband Emissive Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Employing Multi-Resonant Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202213697. [PMID: 36300809 PMCID: PMC10100094 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate how judicious selection of the donor decorating a central multi-resonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) core based on DiKTa can lead to very high-performance OLEDs. By decorating the DiKTa core with triphenylamine (TPA) and diphenylamine (DPA), 3TPA-DiKTa and 3DPA-DiKTa exhibit bright, narrowband green and red emission in doped films, respectively. The OLEDs based on these emitters showed record-high performance for this family of emitters with maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEmax ) of 30.8 % for 3TPA-DiKTa at λEL of 551 nm and 16.7 % for 3DPA-DiKTa at λEL =613 nm. The efficiency roll-off in the OLEDs was improved significantly by using 4CzIPN as an assistant dopant in hyperfluorescence (HF) devices. The outstanding device performance has been attributed to preferential horizontal orientation of the transition dipole moments of 3TPA-DiKTa and 3DPA-DiKTa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Wu
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsFifeKY16 9STSt AndrewsUK
| | - Abhishek Kumar Gupta
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsFifeKY16 9STSt AndrewsUK
- Organic Semiconductor CentreSUPA School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St AndrewsKY16 9SSSt AndrewsUK
| | - Kou Yoshida
- Organic Semiconductor CentreSUPA School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St AndrewsKY16 9SSSt AndrewsUK
| | - Junyi Gong
- Organic Semiconductor CentreSUPA School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St AndrewsKY16 9SSSt AndrewsUK
| | - David Hall
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsFifeKY16 9STSt AndrewsUK
| | - David B. Cordes
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsFifeKY16 9STSt AndrewsUK
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsFifeKY16 9STSt AndrewsUK
| | - Ifor D. W. Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor CentreSUPA School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St AndrewsKY16 9SSSt AndrewsUK
| | - Eli Zysman‐Colman
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsFifeKY16 9STSt AndrewsUK
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34
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Duan Z, Young CM, Zhu J, Slawin AMZ, O'Donoghue AC, Smith AD. Rate and equilibrium constants for the addition of triazolium salt derived N-heterocyclic carbenes to heteroaromatic aldehydes. Chem Sci 2022; 14:162-170. [PMID: 36605738 PMCID: PMC9769090 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05704b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heteroaromatic aldehydes are often used preferentially or exclusively in a range of NHC-catalysed processes that proceed through the generation of a reactive diaminoenol or Breslow Intermediate (BI), with the reason for their unique reactivity currently underexplored. This manuscript reports measurement of rate and equilibrium constants for the reaction between N-aryl triazolium NHCs and heteroaromatic aldehydes, providing insight into the effect of the NHC and heteroaromatic aldehyde structure up to formation of the BI. Variation in NHC catalyst and heteroaromatic aldehyde structure markedly affect the observed kinetic parameters of adduct formation, decay to starting materials and onward reaction to BI. In particular, large effects are observed with both 3-halogen (Br, F) and 3-methyl substituted pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde derivatives which substantially favour formation of the tetrahedral intermediate relative to benzaldehyde derivatives. Key observations indicate that increased steric hindrance leads to a reduction in both k 2 and k -1 for large (2,6-disubstituted)-N-Ar groups within the triazolium scaffold, and sterically demanding aldehyde substituents in the 3-position, but not in the 6-position of the pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde derivatives. As part of this study, the isolation and characterisation of twenty tetrahedral adducts formed upon addition of N-aryl triazolium derived NHCs into heteroaromatic aldehydes are described. These adducts are key intermediates in NHC-catalysed umpolung addition of heteroaromatic aldehydes and are BI precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuan Duan
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
| | - Claire M. Young
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
| | - Jiayun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Durham UniversitySouth RoadDurham DH1 3LEUK
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
| | | | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
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35
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Abdul Rashid FNA, Bacho MZ, Slawin AMZ, Abdul Manan MAF, Johari SA, Mohammat MF. Crystal structure of ethyl 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-((4-methoxyphenyl)amino)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1 H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate, C 16H 20N 2O 5. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2022-0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C16H20N2O5, triclinic,
P
1
‾
$P\overline{1}$
(no. 2), a = 7.9179(7) Å, b = 10.1982(9) Å, c = 10.4144(8) Å, α = 76.184(7)°, β = 87.090 (7)°, γ = 73.500(8)°, V = 782.86(12) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0458, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.1333, T = 93 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Nur Ain Abdul Rashid
- Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA , 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Zulfaqar Bacho
- Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA , 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh , St Andrews, KY16 9ST , UK
| | | | - Saiful Azmi Johari
- Antimicrobial Laboratory, Anti-Infective Branch, Bioactivity Programme, Natural Products Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) , 52109 Kepong , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fazli Mohammat
- Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA , 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam , Selangor , Malaysia
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36
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Madayanad Suresh S, Zhang L, Hall D, Si C, Ricci G, Matulaitis T, Slawin AMZ, Warriner S, Olivier Y, Samuel ID, Zysman-Colman E. A Deep‐Blue‐Emitting Heteroatom‐Doped MR‐TADF Nonacene for High‐Performance Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202215522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Le Zhang
- University of St Andrews Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - David Hall
- University of St Andrews Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Changfeng Si
- University of St Andrews Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- University of St Andrews School of Chemistry Purdie BuildingNorth Haugh KY16 9ST St Andrews UNITED KINGDOM
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37
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Cain D, Anderson NA, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Watson AJB. Total Synthesis of (±)-Aspidospermidine, (±)-Aspidofractinine, (±)-Limaspermidine, and (±)-Vincadifformine via a Cascade and Common Intermediate Strategy. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15559-15563. [PMID: 36259765 PMCID: PMC9680024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A concise strategy for the total synthesis of several Aspidosperma alkaloids is reported. A Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling provides access to a 2-vinyl indole that undergoes a Diels-Alder cascade reaction with butyn-2-one to deliver a pyrroloindoline intermediate. This undergoes cascade amidation, reduction, skeletal rearrangement, and intramolecular Michael addition to provide a common intermediate containing the full framework of the Aspidosperma alkaloids. The utility of this intermediate is shown in the synthesis of four different natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- David
L. Cain
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, Fife, St AndrewsKY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Niall A. Anderson
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, StevenageSG1 2NY, U.K.
| | - David B. Cordes
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, Fife, St AndrewsKY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, Fife, St AndrewsKY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Allan J. B. Watson
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, Fife, St AndrewsKY16 9ST, U.K.,
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38
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Wu S, Gupta AK, Yoshida K, Gong J, Hall D, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Samuel IDW, Zysman-Colman E. Highly Efficient Green & Red Narrowband Emissive Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Employing Multi‐Resonant Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202213697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Wu
- University of St Andrews Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Kou Yoshida
- University of St Andrews Physics UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Junyi Gong
- University of St Andrews Physics UNITED KINGDOM
| | - David Hall
- University of St Andrews Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | | | | | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- University of St Andrews School of Chemistry Purdie BuildingNorth Haugh KY16 9ST St Andrews UNITED KINGDOM
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39
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Aragoni MC, Cherchi MF, Lippolis V, Pintus A, Podda E, Slawin AMZ, Woollins JD, Arca M. Self-Assembly of Supramolecular Architectures Driven by σ-Hole Interactions: A Halogen-Bonded 2D Network Based on a Diiminedibromido Gold(III) Complex and Tribromide Building Blocks. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196289. [PMID: 36234826 PMCID: PMC9571214 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction of the complex [Au(phen)Br2](PF6) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) with molecular dibromine afforded {[Au(phen)Br2](Br3)}∞ (1). Single crystal diffraction analysis showed that the [Au(phen)Br2]+ complex cations were bridged by asymmetric tribromide anions to form infinite zig-zag chains featuring the motif ···Au–Br···Br–Br–Br···Au–Br···Br–Br–Br···. The complex cation played an unprecedented halogen bonding (XB) donor role engaging type-I and type-II XB noncovalent interactions of comparable strength with symmetry related [Br3]− anions. A network of hydrogen bonds connects parallel chains in an infinite 2D network, contributing to the layered supramolecular architecture. DFT calculations allowed clarification of the nature of the XB interactions, showing the interplay between orbital mixing, analyzed at the NBO level, and electrostatic contribution, explored based on the molecular potential energy (MEP) maps of the interacting synthons.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Carla Aragoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - M. Francesca Cherchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Vito Lippolis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Anna Pintus
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Enrico Podda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
- Centro Servizi di Ateneo per la Ricerca (CeSAR), Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - J. Derek Woollins
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Massimiliano Arca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
- Correspondence:
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40
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Wang Y, Young CM, Liu H, Hartley WC, Wienhold M, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. A Desilylative Approach to Alkyl Substituted C(1)‐Ammonium Enolates: Application in Enantioselective [2+2] Cycloadditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208800. [PMID: 35833471 PMCID: PMC9543305 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic generation of C(1)‐ammonium enolates from the corresponding α‐silyl‐α‐alkyl substituted carboxylic acids using the isothiourea HyperBTM is reported. This desilylative approach grants access to α‐unsubstituted and α‐alkyl substituted C(1)‐ammonium enolates, which are typically difficult to access through traditional methods reliant upon deprotonation. The scope and limitations of this process is established in enantioselective [2+2]‐cycloaddition processes with perfluoroalkylketones (31 examples, up to 96 % yield and >99 : 1 er), as well as selective [2+2]‐cycloaddition with trifluoromethyl enones (4 examples, up to 75 % yield and >99 : 1 er). Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate this process proceeds through an initial kinetic resolution of an in situ prepared (±)‐α‐silyl‐α‐alkyl substituted anhydride, while the reaction process exhibits overall pseudo zero‐order kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Wang
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Claire M. Young
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Honglei Liu
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Will C. Hartley
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Max Wienhold
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - David. B. Cordes
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | | | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
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41
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Burnett S, Bourne C, Slawin AMZ, van Mourik T, Stasch A. Umpolung of an Aliphatic Ketone to a Magnesium Ketone‐1,2‐diide Complex with Vicinal Dianionic Charge. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204472. [PMID: 35762819 PMCID: PMC9541192 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The new β‐diketimine iPrDipnacnacH, HC(iPrCNDip)2H, Dip=2,6‐iPr2‐C6H3, was converted to the magnesium(I) complex [{(iPrDipnacnac)Mg}2] and reaction with 2‐adamantanone (OAd) afforded the ketone‐1,2‐diide complex [{(iPrDipnacnac)Mg}2(μ‐OAd)]. The complex contains the first stable dianion of an aliphatic ketone with an electropositive metal and shows an OAd2− unit with long C−O bond and pyramidal carbon centre. DFT studies reveal an anionic charge on both neighbouring C and O atoms. Reductions of aliphatic ketones with magnesium(I) complexes show that these likely proceed via highly reactive dianions and afforded a 1 : 1 mixture of an alkoxide and an enolate when an enolisable ketone was used, and rapid CH activations reactions, e.g., of stabilising ligand moieties, when non‐enolisable ketones were employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Burnett
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Connor Bourne
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Tanja van Mourik
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Andreas Stasch
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
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42
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Burnett S, de Vere-Tucker M, Davitt M, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Ferns R, van Mourik T, Stasch A. Magnesium Complexes with Isomeric Pyrazol‐4‐ylidene and Imidazol‐2‐ylidene Ligands. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andreas Stasch
- University of St Andrews School of Chemistry North Haugh KY169ST St Andrews UNITED KINGDOM
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43
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Abdelhamid Y, Kasten K, Dunne J, Hartley WC, Young CM, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Ng S, Smith AD. Isothiourea-Catalyzed [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of C(1)-Ammonium Enolates and N-Alkyl Isatins. Org Lett 2022; 24:5444-5449. [PMID: 35848722 PMCID: PMC9490795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Enantioselective [2 + 2] cycloaddition of C(1)-ammonium
enolates
generated catalytically using the isothiourea HyperBTM with N-alkyl isatins gives spirocyclic β-lactones. In situ ring opening with an amine nucleophile generates
isolable highly enantioenriched products in up to 92:8 dr and in >99:1
er.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusra Abdelhamid
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, U.K., KY16 9ST
| | - Kevin Kasten
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, U.K., KY16 9ST
| | - Joanne Dunne
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, U.K., KY16 9ST
| | - Will C Hartley
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, U.K., KY16 9ST
| | - Claire M Young
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, U.K., KY16 9ST
| | - David B Cordes
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, U.K., KY16 9ST
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, U.K., KY16 9ST
| | - Sean Ng
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K
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44
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Smith AD, Wang Y, Young CM, Liu H, Hartley WC, Wienhold M, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ. A Desilylative Approach to Alkyl Substituted C(1)‐Ammonium Enolates: Application in Enantioselective [2+2] Cycloadditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew David Smith
- University of St Andrews School of Chemistry North Haugh FIFE, KY10 3TH St. Andrews UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Yihong Wang
- University of St Andrews School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Honglei Liu
- University of St Andrews School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Max Wienhold
- University of St Andrews School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
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45
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Burnett S, Bourne C, Slawin AMZ, van Mourik T, Stasch A. Umpolung of an Aliphatic Ketone to a Magnesium Ketone‐1,2‐diide Complex with Vicinal Dianionic Charge. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Burnett
- University of St Andrews School of Chemistry School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Connor Bourne
- University of St Andrews School of Chemistry School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Tanja van Mourik
- University of St Andrews School of Chemistry School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Andreas Stasch
- University of St Andrews School of Chemistry North Haugh KY169ST St Andrews UNITED KINGDOM
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46
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Poskin TJ, Piscelli BA, Yoshida K, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Cormanich RA, Yamada S, O'Hagan D. Janus faced fluorocyclohexanes for supramolecular assembly: synthesis and solid state structures of equatorial mono-, di- and tri alkylated cyclohexanes and with tri-axial C-F bonds to impart polarity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7968-7971. [PMID: 35758098 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03010a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Concise and general synthesis protocols are reported to generate all-syn mono-, di- and tri-alkylated cyclohexanes where a single fluorine is located on the remaining carbons of the ring. The alkyl groups are positioned to lie equatorially and to have triaxial C-F bonds imparting polarity to these ring systems. Intermolecular electrostatic interactions in the solid-state structure of the trialkylated systems are explored and the resultant supramolecular order opens up prospects for design in soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Poskin
- University of St Andrews, School of Chemistry, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Bruno A Piscelli
- University of Campinas, Chemistry Institute, Monteiro Lobato Street, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 13083-862.
| | - Keigo Yoshida
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - David B Cordes
- University of St Andrews, School of Chemistry, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- University of St Andrews, School of Chemistry, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Rodrigo A Cormanich
- University of Campinas, Chemistry Institute, Monteiro Lobato Street, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 13083-862.
| | - Shigeyuki Yamada
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - David O'Hagan
- University of St Andrews, School of Chemistry, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK.
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47
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Abazari R, Amani-Ghadim AR, Slawin AMZ, Carpenter-Warren CL, Kirillov AM. Non-Calcined Layer-Pillared Mn 0.5Zn 0.5 Bimetallic-Organic Framework as a Promising Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9514-9522. [PMID: 35699592 PMCID: PMC9775468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic generation of oxygen is of great significance for sustainable, clean, and efficient energy production. Multiple electron transfer in oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and its slow kinetics represent a serious hedge for efficient water splitting, requiring the design and development of advanced electrocatalysts with porous structures, high surface areas, abundant electroactive sites, and low overpotentials. These requisites are common for metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and derived materials that are promising electrocatalysts for OER. The present work reports on the synthesis and full characterization of a heteroleptic 3D MOF, [Zn2(μ4-odba)2(μ-bpdh)]n·nDMF (Zn-MUM-1), assembled from 4,4'-oxydibenzoic acid and 2,5-bis(4-pyridyl)-3,4-diaza-2,4-hexadiene (bpdh). Besides, a series of heterometallic MnZn-MUM-1 frameworks (abbreviated as Mn0.5Zn0.5-MUM-1, Mn0.66Zn0.33-MUM-1, and Mn0.33Zn0.66-MUM-1) was also prepared, characterized, and used for the fabrication of working electrodes based on Ni foam (NF), followed by their exploration in OER. These noble-metal-free and robust electrocatalysts are stable and do not require pyrolysis or calcination while exhibiting better electrocatalytic performance than the parent Zn-MUM-1/NF electrode. The experimental results show that the Mn0.5Zn0.5-MUM-1/NF electrocatalyst features the best OER activity with a low overpotential (253 mV at 10 mA cm-2) and Tafel slope (73 mV dec-1) as well as significant stability after 72 h or 6000 cycles. These excellent results are explained by a synergic effect of two different metals present in the Mn-Zn MOF as well as improved charge and ion transfer, conductivity, and stability characteristics. The present study thus widens the application of heterometallic MOFs as prospective and highly efficient electrocatalysts for OER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Abazari
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Maragheh, Maragheh 55181-83111, Iran,
| | - Ali Reza Amani-Ghadim
- Applied
Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of
Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz 53751-71379, Iran,
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland KY16 9ST, U.K.
| | | | - Alexander M. Kirillov
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento
de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal,
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48
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Ibrahim ABM, Mahmoud GA, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ. Pb (II) and Hg (II) Thiosemicarbazones for Inhibiting the Broad‐Spectrum Pathogen
Cladosporium sphaerospermum
ASU18 (MK387875) and Altering Its Antioxidant System. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David B. Cordes
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews Fife U.K
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49
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Bitai J, Nimmo AJ, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Cooperative Palladium/Isothiourea Catalyzed Enantioselective Formal (3+2) Cycloaddition of Vinylcyclopropanes and α,β-Unsaturated Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202621. [PMID: 35389553 PMCID: PMC9324207 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A protocol for the enantioselective synthesis of substituted vinylcyclopentanes has been realised using cooperative palladium and isothiourea catalysis. Treatment of vinylcyclopropanes with Pd(PPh3 )4 generates a zwitterionic π-allyl palladium intermediate that intercepts a catalytically generated α,β-unsaturated acyl ammonium species prepared from the corresponding α,β-unsaturated para-nitrophenyl ester and the isothiourea (R)-BTM. Intermolecular formal (3+2) cycloaddition between these reactive intermediates generates functionalised cyclopentanes in generally good yields and excellent diastereo- and enantiocontrol (up to >95 : 5 dr, 97 : 3 er), with the use of LiCl as an additive proving essential for optimal stereocontrol. To the best of our knowledge a dual transition metal/organocatalytic process involving α,β-unsaturated acyl ammonium intermediates has not been demonstrated previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Bitai
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Alastair J Nimmo
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
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50
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Wu J, Young CM, Watts AA, Slawin AMZ, Boyce GR, Bühl M, Smith AD. Isothiourea-Catalyzed Enantioselective Michael Addition of Malonates to α,β-Unsaturated Aryl Esters. Org Lett 2022; 24:4040-4045. [PMID: 35652512 PMCID: PMC9278409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective Michael addition of malonates to α,β-unsaturated para-nitrophenyl esters was achieved using the Lewis basic isothiourea HyperBTM, giving excellent levels of product enantioselectivity (up to >99:1 enantiomeric ratio) in good yields and with complete regioselectivity (>20:1 regioselectivity ratio) in the presence of alternative (phenyl ketone and ethyl ester) Michael acceptors. Density functional theory calculations indicate that N-acylation is rate-limiting. This constitutes a rare example of a highly enantioselective addition of simple, readily available malonates to α,β-unsaturated esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiufeng Wu
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Claire M Young
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Amy A Watts
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory R Boyce
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida 33965, United States
| | - Michael Bühl
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
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