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Brandão Abreu D, Bragança M, Plácido JL, Coimbra A. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hymenoptera venom immunotherapy: a single center experience. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 55:316-318. [PMID: 35678606 DOI: 10.23822/eurannaci.1764-1489.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Brandão Abreu
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Bragança
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - J L Plácido
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Coimbra
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
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Coimbra A, Rimola J, Cuatrecasas M, De Hertogh G, Van Assche G, Vanslembrouck R, Glerup H, Nielsen AH, Hagemann-Madsen R, Bouhnik Y, Zappa M, Cazals-Hatem D, D'Haens G, Stoker J, Meijer S, Rogler G, Boss A, Weber A, Zhao R, Keir ME, Scherl A, de Crespigny A, Lu TT, Panés J. Magnetic Resonance Enterography and Histology in Patients With Fibrostenotic Crohn's Disease: A Multicenter Study. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2022; 13:e00505. [PMID: 35905415 PMCID: PMC10476777 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) is useful for detecting bowel strictures, whereas a number of imaging biomarkers may reflect severity of fibrosis burden in Crohn's disease (CD). This study aimed to verify the association of MRE metrics with histologic fibrosis independent of inflammation. METHODS This prospective European multicenter study performed MRE imaging on 60 patients with CD with bowel strictures before surgical resection. Locations of 61 histological samples were annotated on MRE examinations, followed by central readings using the Chiorean score and measurement of delayed gain of enhancement (DGE), magnetization transfer ratio, T2-weighted MRI sequences (T2R), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and the magnetic resonance index of activity (MaRIA). Correlations of histology and MRE metrics were assessed. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to select composite MRE scores predictive of histology and to estimate their predictive value. RESULTS ADC and MaRIA correlated with fibrosis (R = -0.71, P < 0.0001, and 0.59, P < 0.001) and more moderately with inflammation (R = -0.35, P < 0.01, and R = 0.53, P < 0.001). Lower or no correlations of fibrosis or inflammation were found with DGE, magnetization transfer ratio, or T2R. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator and ROC identified a composite score of MaRIA, ADC, and DGE as a very good predictor of histologic fibrosis (ROC area under the curve = 0.910). MaRIA alone was the best predictor of histologic inflammation with excellent performance in identifying active histologic inflammation (ROC area under the curve = 0.966). DISCUSSION MRE-based scores for histologic fibrosis and inflammation may assist in the characterization of CD stenosis and enable development of fibrosis-targeted therapies and clinical treatment of stenotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Coimbra
- Early Clinical Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Jordi Rimola
- Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gert De Hertogh
- University Hospitals Leuven and University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gert Van Assche
- University Hospitals Leuven and University of Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Henning Glerup
- Silkeborg Hospital, Silkeborg, Denmark; Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Geert D'Haens
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jaap Stoker
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sybren Meijer
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Boss
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Achim Weber
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rui Zhao
- Early Clinical Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Mary E. Keir
- Early Clinical Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Alexis Scherl
- Early Clinical Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Alex de Crespigny
- Early Clinical Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Timothy T. Lu
- Early Clinical Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Julián Panés
- Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Mesquita AM, Coutinho R, Amaral L, Plácido JL, Coimbra A. Sensitization to bee venom in portuguese non-allergic beekeepers. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 54:290-291. [PMID: 34169698 DOI: 10.23822/eurannaci.1764-1489.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Mesquita
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital and University Center of S. João (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal
| | - R Coutinho
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital and University Center of S. João (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal
| | - L Amaral
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital and University Center of S. João (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal
| | - J L Plácido
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital and University Center of S. João (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal
| | - A Coimbra
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital and University Center of S. João (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal
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Limão R, Spínola Santos A, Araújo L, Cosme J, Inácio F, Tomaz E, Ferrão A, Santos N, Sokolova A, Môrete A, Falcão H, Cunha L, Ferreira A, Bras A, Ribeiro F, Lozoya C, Leiria Pinto P, Prates S, Plácido J, Coimbra A, Taborda-Barata L, Pereira Santos MC, Pereira Barbosa M, Pineda F. Molecular Sensitization Profile to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus Dust Mite in Portugal. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2020; 32:33-39. [PMID: 32732183 DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze component resolved diagnosis to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) in patients with respiratory allergy and its relationship with clinical severity in different geographical areas. METHODS 217 patients (mean age 25.85±12.7 years; 51.16% females) were included, selected from 13 centers in Portugal (5 from North, n=65). All had allergic rhinitis, with or without asthma, and had positive skin prick tests to at least one dust mite. Specific IgE (sIgE) to Der p, Dermatophagoides farinae, Lepidoglyphus destructor, Der p1, Der p 2, Der p 10 and Der p 23 were determined by ImmunoCAP. Statistical analysis (Mann Whitney U test) compared patients with rhinitis vs rhinitis and asthma; mild vsmoderate-to-severe rhinitis; North vs South. RESULTS Prevalence of sensitization was 98.2% to Der p, and 72.4%, 89.4%, 9.7% and 77% to Der p 1, Der p 2, Der p 10 and Der p 23, respectively. Corresponding median sIgE levelswere 8.56, 17.7, 0.01 and 3.95 kUA/L. sIgE to all allergens was higher in patients with moderate-to-severe rhinitis and rhinitis with asthma but not statistically significant (NSS). sIgE to Der p 2 was significantly higher in the South when compared with the North (p=0.0496). CONCLUSIONS sensitization to Der p is the most common in Portugal. Der p 2 had the highest prevalence and median sIgE levels. All sIgE to molecular components were higher in more symptomatic patients (NSS). sIgE to Der p 2 was higher in the South, which may be related to the warmer temperature and/or the larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Limão
- Immunoallergology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal.,Allergen and Immunotherapy Interest Group, Sociedade Portuguesa de Alergologia e Imunologia Clínica, Portugal
| | - A Spínola Santos
- Immunoallergology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal.,Allergen and Immunotherapy Interest Group, Sociedade Portuguesa de Alergologia e Imunologia Clínica, Portugal
| | - L Araújo
- Allergen and Immunotherapy Interest Group, Sociedade Portuguesa de Alergologia e Imunologia Clínica, Portugal.,Immunoallergology Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - J Cosme
- Immunoallergology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal.,Allergen and Immunotherapy Interest Group, Sociedade Portuguesa de Alergologia e Imunologia Clínica, Portugal
| | - F Inácio
- Allergen and Immunotherapy Interest Group, Sociedade Portuguesa de Alergologia e Imunologia Clínica, Portugal.,Immunoallergology Department, Hospital de São Bernardo, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - E Tomaz
- Immunoallergology Department, Hospital de São Bernardo, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - A Ferrão
- Immunoallergology Unit, Hospital do Espírito Santo de Évora, Portugal
| | - N Santos
- Immunoallergology Unit, Hospital de Portimão, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve, Portugal
| | - A Sokolova
- Allergen and Immunotherapy Interest Group, Sociedade Portuguesa de Alergologia e Imunologia Clínica, Portugal.,Immunoallergology Unit, Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora-Sintra, Portugal
| | - A Môrete
- Immunoallergology Unit, Hospital de Aveiro, Centro Hospitalar Baixo Vouga, Portugal
| | - H Falcão
- Immunoallergology Department, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal
| | - L Cunha
- Immunoallergology Department, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal
| | - A Ferreira
- Immunoallergology Unit, Hospital das Forças Armadas, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Bras
- Immunoallergology Unit, Hospital de Faro, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve, Portugal
| | - F Ribeiro
- Immunoallergology Unit, Hospital de Faro, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve, Portugal
| | - C Lozoya
- Immunoallergology Unit, Unidade Local de Saúde de Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - P Leiria Pinto
- Immunoallergology Department, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Portugal
| | - S Prates
- Immunoallergology Department, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Portugal
| | - J Plácido
- Immunoallergology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Coimbra
- Immunoallergology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - L Taborda-Barata
- Immunoallergology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Cova da Beira, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - M C Pereira Santos
- Allergen and Immunotherapy Interest Group, Sociedade Portuguesa de Alergologia e Imunologia Clínica, Portugal.,Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Pereira Barbosa
- Immunoallergology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal.,Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.,University Clinic of Immunoallergology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - F Pineda
- Diater Laboratorio de Diagnostico y Aplicaciones Terapeuticas SA, Madrid, Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Mesquita
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital and University Center of S. João (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal
| | - L Carneiro-Leão
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital and University Center of S. João (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal
| | - L Amaral
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital and University Center of S. João (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal
| | - A Coimbra
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital and University Center of S. João (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal
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Belloni P, Cheung D, Yang X, De Crespigny A, Coimbra A. PRM metrics predict COPD progression. Imaging 2018. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.oa3797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Carmichael O, Schwarz AJ, Chatham CH, Scott D, Turner JA, Upadhyay J, Coimbra A, Goodman JA, Baumgartner R, English BA, Apolzan JW, Shankapal P, Hawkins KR. The role of fMRI in drug development. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:333-348. [PMID: 29154758 PMCID: PMC5931333 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been known for over a decade to have the potential to greatly enhance the process of developing novel therapeutic drugs for prevalent health conditions. However, the use of fMRI in drug development continues to be relatively limited because of a variety of technical, biological, and strategic barriers that continue to limit progress. Here, we briefly review the roles that fMRI can have in the drug development process and the requirements it must meet to be useful in this setting. We then provide an update on our current understanding of the strengths and limitations of fMRI as a tool for drug developers and recommend activities to enhance its utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Carmichael
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | | | - Christopher H Chatham
- Translational Medicine Neuroscience and Biomarkers, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jessica A Turner
- Psychology Department & Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Richard Baumgartner
- Biostatistics and Research Decision Sciences (BARDS), Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | | | - John W Apolzan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Silva D, Pereira AM, Santos N, Amaral L, Delgado L, Oude Elberink JN, Coimbra A. The Vespid Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire - cultural adaptation and translation to Portuguese. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 49:114-121. [PMID: 28497674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A cross-cultural translation of the Vespid Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire (VQLQ) to the Portuguese population (VQLQ-P) was performed, assessing its applicability in wasp and in non-beekeeper bee venom allergic patients. Additionally, we evaluated a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to estimate hymenoptera allergy interference with daily life. Methods. Cross-cultural translation was performed according to recommendations. The final VQLQ-P version, the Expectation of Outcome questionnaire (EoQ), EQ-5D and VAS were applied to wasp (n = 19) and non-beekeeper bee venom allergic patients (n = 30). Results. VQLQ-P significantly correlated with EoQ, (r = 0.76, p < 0.01), EQ-5D (usual activities and anxiety / depression dimensions) and VAS, with a good internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.88) in wasp allergic individuals. VQLQ-P and EoQ correlation was also high (r = 0.67, p < 0.01) in bee allergy. Conclusion. The VQLQ-P is a valuable tool to evaluate quality of life impairment in Portuguese hymenoptera venom allergic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Silva
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar de São João E.P.E., Porto, Portugal. E-mail: Phone: 919 078 179. Laboratory of Immunology, Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - A M Pereira
- Allergy Unit, CUF-Porto Hospital and Institute, Porto, Portugal. CINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Porto, Portugal
| | - N Santos
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar de São João E.P.E., Porto, Portugal
| | - L Amaral
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar de São João E.P.E., Porto, Portugal
| | - L Delgado
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar de São João E.P.E., Porto, Portugal. Laboratory of Immunology, Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal. CINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Porto, Portugal. Immunology Lab / Clinical Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar de São João E.P.E., Porto, Portugal
| | - J N Oude Elberink
- Department of Allergology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute Asthma and COPD (GRIAC, Groningen), the Netherlands
| | - A Coimbra
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar de São João E.P.E., Porto, Portugal
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Baumgartner R, Cho W, Coimbra A, Chen C, Wang Z, Struyk A, Venketasubramanian N, Low M, Gargano C, Zhao F, Williams D, Reese T, Seah S, Feng D, Apreleva S, Petersen E, Evelhoch JL. Evaluation of an fMRI USPIO-based assay in healthy human volunteers. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 46:124-133. [PMID: 27775841 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To present the testretest and contrast dose effect results of cerebral blood volume (CBV) functional MRI (fMRI) in healthy human volunteers using ferumoxytol (Feraheme), an ultrasmall-superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticle. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was an open-label, two-period, fixed-sequence study in healthy young volunteers. In eight subjects, using a 3 Tesla field strength system, blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) and CBV fMRI were acquired in response to a visual black-and-white checkboard stimulation paradigm using an escalating ferumoxytol dose design (250, 350, and 510 mg iron). Multiple outcome measures were analyzed including absolute percent signal change (|PSC|, primary endpoint), its contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and corresponding z-score, percent CBV change (ΔCBV) and respective CNR, concentration of Fe, and baseline CBV. RESULTS The |PSC| in the visual cortex increased with ferumoxytol dose and was up to 3 × higher than BOLD fMRI. Test-retest reliability was comparable for BOLD and CBV fMRI. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for |PSC| were 0.3 (one-sided 95% lower confidence limit = 0.00), 0.81 (0.47), 0.48 (0.00), and 0.3 (0.00) for BOLD and the 250-, 350-, and 510-mg doses of ferumoxytol, respectively. For ΔCBV, ICCs were 0.77 (0.37), 0.48 (0.00), and 0.49 (0.00) for 250 mg, 350 mg, and 510 mg, respectively. CONCLUSION This work demonstrates that CBV fMRI techniques and endpoints are dose dependent, robust and have good test-retest repeatability. It also confirms previous findings that USPIO enhances sensitivity of fMRI stimulus-response endpoints. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:124-133.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Cho
- Merck & Co. Inc, Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Christopher Chen
- Memory Aging & Cognition Centre at National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Zaiqi Wang
- Merck & Co. Inc, Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Arie Struyk
- Merck & Co. Inc, Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - May Low
- Merck & Co. Inc, Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dai Feng
- Merck & Co. Inc, Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Esben Petersen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National University Singapore
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Abstract
The effectiveness of crystalline α-amylase and saliva in hydrolyzing newly formed glycogen in liver and muscle was examined. Glycogen synthesis was induced by the administration of H3-glucose to fasting rats or by the incubation of tissue slices in a medium containing H3-glucose. Paraffin sections of Rossman-fixed tissues or small pieces of liver fixed in glutaraldehyde and subsequently postosmicated and embedded in Epon were then enzymatically digested. Grain counts were made in radioautographs of treated and untreated materials, and the amount of radioactivity removed by the digestion was used to assess the efficiency of the enzymes in hydrolyzing glycogen. Crystalline α-amylase hydrolyzed almost completely newly formed glycogen in liver and muscle. Saliva removed the glycogen that was synthesized in vivo, but it was less effective in hydrolyzing glycogen synthesized in vitro. Electron micrographs of digested liver cells confirmed the radioautographic findings on the effectiveness of the enzyme preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Coimbra
- Department of Anatomy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Santos C, Félix L, Neves M, Coimbra A, Valentim AM, Antunes L, Gonçalves C, Carmo A, Pinto ML. Refinement Techniques in Zebrafish Anaesthesia - Results from a Pilot Study. Microsc Microanal 2015; 21 Suppl 5:93-94. [PMID: 26227727 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927615014270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Santos
- 1Department of Veterinary Medicine,Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama,Coimbra,Portugal
| | - L Félix
- 2Life Sciences and Environment School,University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro,Vila Real,Portugal
| | - M Neves
- 3Faculty of Science and Technology,University of Coimbra,Coimbra,Portugal
| | - A Coimbra
- 2Life Sciences and Environment School,University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro,Vila Real,Portugal
| | - A M Valentim
- 4IBMC, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology,University of Porto,Porto,Portugal
| | - L Antunes
- 4IBMC, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology,University of Porto,Porto,Portugal
| | - C Gonçalves
- 6Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine,University of Coimbra,Coimbra,Portugal
| | - A Carmo
- 1Department of Veterinary Medicine,Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama,Coimbra,Portugal
| | - M L Pinto
- 8CECAV,Animal and Veterinary Research Centre,University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro,Vila Real,Portugal
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Feng D, Svetnik V, Coimbra A, Baumgartner R. A comparison of confidence interval methods for the concordance correlation coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient with small number of raters. J Biopharm Stat 2014; 24:272-93. [PMID: 24605969 DOI: 10.1080/10543406.2013.863780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with fixed raters or, equivalently, the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) for continuous outcomes is a widely accepted aggregate index of agreement in settings with small number of raters. Quantifying the precision of the CCC by constructing its confidence interval (CI) is important in early drug development applications, in particular in qualification of biomarker platforms. In recent years, there have been several new methods proposed for construction of CIs for the CCC, but their comprehensive comparison has not been attempted. The methods consisted of the delta method and jackknifing with and without Fisher's Z-transformation, respectively, and Bayesian methods with vague priors. In this study, we carried out a simulation study, with data simulated from multivariate normal as well as heavier tailed distribution (t-distribution with 5 degrees of freedom), to compare the state-of-the-art methods for assigning CI to the CCC. When the data are normally distributed, the jackknifing with Fisher's Z-transformation (JZ) tended to provide superior coverage and the difference between it and the closest competitor, the Bayesian method with the Jeffreys prior was in general minimal. For the nonnormal data, the jackknife methods, especially the JZ method, provided the coverage probabilities closest to the nominal in contrast to the others which yielded overly liberal coverage. Approaches based upon the delta method and Bayesian method with conjugate prior generally provided slightly narrower intervals and larger lower bounds than others, though this was offset by their poor coverage. Finally, we illustrated the utility of the CIs for the CCC in an example of a wake after sleep onset (WASO) biomarker, which is frequently used in clinical sleep studies of drugs for treatment of insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Feng
- a Biometrics Research Department , Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc. , Rahway , New Jersey , USA
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D'Arceuil H, Coimbra A, Triano P, Dougherty M, Mello J, Moseley M, Glover G, Lansberg M, Blankenberg F. Ferumoxytol enhanced resting state fMRI and relative cerebral blood volume mapping in normal human brain. Neuroimage 2013; 83:200-9. [PMID: 23831413 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain demonstrates spontaneous low-frequency (<0.1 Hz) cerebral blood flow (CBF) fluctuations, measurable by resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). Ultra small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles have been shown to enhance task-based fMRI signals (cerebral blood volume fMRI or CBV-fMRI), compared to the BOLD effect, by a factor of ≈2.5 at 3 T in primates and humans. We evaluated the use of ferumoxytol for steady state, resting state FMRI (CBV-rs-fMRI) and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) mapping, at 3T, in healthy volunteers. All standard resting state networks (RSNs) were identified in all subjects. On average the RSN Z statistics (MELODIC independent components) and volumes of the visual and default mode (DMN) networks were comparable. rCBV values were averaged for the visual (Vis) and DMN networks and correlated with the corresponding DMN and visual network Z statistics. There was a negative correlation between the rCBV and the Z statistics for the DMN, for both BOLD and CBV-rs-fMRI contrast (R2=0.63, 0.76). A similar correlation was not found for the visual network. Short repetition time rs-fMRI data were Fourier transformed to evaluate the effect of ferumoxytol on cardiac and respiratory fluctuations in the brain rs-BOLD, CBV signals. Cardiac and respiratory fluctuations decreased to baseline within large vessels post ferumoxytol. Robust rs-fMRI and CBV mapping is possible in normal human brain.
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Couto M, Coimbra A, Silva D, Santos N, Pereira A, Plácido JL. Food allergy in adults: the experience of a center in the north of Portugal. Clin Transl Allergy 2013. [PMCID: PMC3723471 DOI: 10.1186/2045-7022-3-s3-p66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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15
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Leblanc A, Botelho C, Coimbra A, da Silva JPM, de Castro ED, Cernadas JR. Assessment of asthma control: clinical, functional and inflammatory aspects. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 45:90-96. [PMID: 23862398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a complex disease with numerous markers of severity/activity. Clinical assessment,functional parameters and inflammation biomarkers are the most used A correlation between them is difficult, as each one evaluates a particular aspect of the disease. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS To explore the possible association between asthma control, pulmonary function and inflammation in patients with asthma, consecutive asthmatics underwent simultaneous spirometry (measurement of FEV1), exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) evaluation and Asthma Control Test (ACTTM) questionnaire. RESULTS The study included 232 asthmatics (mean age: 37.48 years; 78.4%female): 43% had uncontrolled asthma (ACTTM < or = 19) with FEV1 mean values of 83.3% +/- 21.8; 48% partially controlled (ACTTM: 20-24) with FEV1 of 87.6% +/- 17; 9% complete control (ACTTM = 25) with FEV1 of 93.1 +/- 20.6. The relation ACTTM/FEV1 and ACTTM/FEF 25-75% was statistically significant (p = 0.001 and p = 0.034, respectively). Among patients with eNO < 35 ppb, 66% had FEV1 > 80% and 52% had ACTTM > 19. No association was found combining ACTTM/eNO or FEV1/eNO. A subgroup of 66 patients was evaluated twice. CONCLUSION An association was found between ACTTM and spirometry, with higher ACTTM scores reflecting less bronchial obstruction. The authors advise a combined approach in asthma follow-up, involving clinical aspects, functional parameters and inflammation biomarkers, although in some circumstances ACT could be a valid instrument to be used alone to assess control.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Leblanc
- Allergy and Immunology Division, Hospital S. João, E.PE., Porto, Portugal.
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16
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Becerra L, Upadhyay J, Chang PC, Bishop J, Anderson J, Baumgartner R, Schwarz AJ, Coimbra A, Wallin D, Nutile L, George E, Maier G, Sunkaraneni S, Iyengar S, Evelhoch JL, Bleakman D, Hargreaves R, Borsook D. Parallel buprenorphine phMRI responses in conscious rodents and healthy human subjects. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 345:41-51. [PMID: 23370795 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.201145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging (phMRI) is one method by which a drug's pharmacodynamic effects in the brain can be assessed. Although phMRI has been frequently used in preclinical and clinical settings, the extent to which a phMRI signature for a compound translates between rodents and humans has not been systematically examined. In the current investigation, we aimed to build on recent clinical work in which the functional response to 0.1 and 0.2 mg/70 kg i.v. buprenorphine (partial µ-opioid receptor agonist) was measured in healthy humans. Here, we measured the phMRI response to 0.04 and 0.1 mg/kg i.v. buprenorphine in conscious, naive rats to establish the parallelism of the phMRI signature of buprenorphine across species. PhMRI of 0.04 and 0.1 mg/kg i.v. buprenorphine yielded dose-dependent activation in a brain network composed of the somatosensory cortex, cingulate, insula, striatum, thalamus, periaqueductal gray, and cerebellum. Similar dose-dependent phMRI activation was observed in the human phMRI studies. These observations indicate an overall preservation of pharmacodynamic responses to buprenorphine between conscious, naive rodents and healthy human subjects, particularly in brain regions implicated in pain and analgesia. This investigation further demonstrates the usefulness of phMRI as a translational tool in neuroscience research that can provide mechanistic insight and guide dose selection in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lino Becerra
- Imaging Consortium for Drug Development, P.A.I.N. Group, Harvard Medical School, Children’s Hospital of Boston, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA.
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17
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Fiecas M, Ombao H, van Lunen D, Baumgartner R, Coimbra A, Feng D. Quantifying temporal correlations: A test–retest evaluation of functional connectivity in resting-state fMRI. Neuroimage 2013; 65:231-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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18
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Upadhyay J, Anderson J, Baumgartner R, Coimbra A, Schwarz AJ, Pendse G, Wallin D, Nutile L, Bishop J, George E, Elman I, Sunkaraneni S, Maier G, Iyengar S, Evelhoch JL, Bleakman D, Hargreaves R, Becerra L, Borsook D. Modulation of CNS pain circuitry by intravenous and sublingual doses of buprenorphine. Neuroimage 2011; 59:3762-73. [PMID: 22119647 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Buprenorphine (BUP) is a partial agonist at μ-, δ- and ORL1 (opioid receptor-like)/nociceptin receptors and antagonist at the κ-opioid receptor site. BUP is known to have both analgesic as well as antihyperalgesic effects via its central activity, and is used in the treatment of moderate to severe chronic pain conditions. Recently, it was shown that intravenous (IV) administration of 0.2mg/70 kg BUP modulates the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) response to acute noxious stimuli in healthy human subjects. The present study extends these observations by investigating the effects of BUP dose and route of administration on central nervous system (CNS) pain circuitry. Specifically, the modulation of evoked pain BOLD responses and resting state functional connectivity was measured following IV (0.1 and 0.2mg/70 kg) and sublingual (SL) (2mg) BUP administration in healthy human subjects. While 0.1mg/70 kg IV BUP is sub-analgesic, both 0.2mg/70 kg IV BUP and 2.0mg SL BUP are analgesic doses of the drug. Evoked BOLD responses were clearly modulated in a dose-dependent manner. The analgesic doses of BUP by both routes of administration yielded a potentiation in limbic/mesolimbic circuitry and attenuation in sensorimotor/sensory-discriminative circuitry. In addition, robust decreases in functional connectivity between the putamen and the sensorimotor/sensory-discriminative structures were observed at the two analgesic doses subsequent to measuring the maximum plasma BUP concentrations (C(max)). The decreases in functional connectivity within the sensorimotor/sensory-discriminative circuitry were also observed to be dose-dependent in the IV administration cohorts. These reproducible and consistent functional CNS measures at clinically effective doses of BUP demonstrate the potential of evoked pain fMRI and resting-state functional connectivity as objective tools that can inform the process of dose selection. Such methods may be useful during early clinical phase evaluation of potential analgesics in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaymin Upadhyay
- Imaging Consortium for Drug Development, PAIN Group, Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
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19
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Zhao F, Welsh D, Williams M, Coimbra A, Urban MO, Hargreaves R, Evelhoch J, Williams DS. fMRI of pain processing in the brain: a within-animal comparative study of BOLD vs. CBV and noxious electrical vs. noxious mechanical stimulation in rat. Neuroimage 2011; 59:1168-79. [PMID: 21856430 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to identify fMRI signatures of nociceptive processing in whole brain of anesthetized rats during noxious electrical stimulation (NES) and noxious mechanical stimulation (NMS) of paw. Activation patterns for NES were mapped with blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) fMRI, respectively, to investigate the spatially-dependent hemodynamic responses during nociception processing. A systematic evaluation of fMRI responses to varying frequencies of electrical stimulus was carried out to optimize the NES protocol. Both BOLD and CBV fMRI showed widespread activations, but with different spatial characteristics. While BOLD and CBV showed well-localized activations in ipsilateral dorsal column nucleus, contralateral primary somatosensory cortex (S1), and bilateral caudate putamen (CPu), CBV fMRI showed additional bilateral activations in the regions of pons, midbrain and thalamus compared to BOLD fMRI. CBV fMRI that offers higher sensitivity compared to BOLD was then used to compare the nociception processing during NES and NMS in the same animal. The activations in most regions were similar. In the medulla, however, NES induced a robust activation in the ipsilateral dorsal column nucleus while NMS showed no activation. This study demonstrates that (1) the hemodynamic response to nociception is spatial-dependent; (2) the widespread activations during nociception in CBV fMRI are similar to what have been observed in (14)C-2-deoxyglucose (2DG) autoradiography and PET; (3) the bilateral activations in the brain originate from the divergence of neural responses at supraspinal level; and (4) the similarity of activation patterns suggests that nociceptive processing in rats is similar during NES and NMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Zhao
- Imaging Department, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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20
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Schwarz AJ, Becerra L, Upadhyay J, Anderson J, Baumgartner R, Coimbra A, Evelhoch J, Hargreaves R, Robertson B, Iyengar S, Tauscher J, Bleakman D, Borsook D. A procedural framework for good imaging practice in pharmacological fMRI studies applied to drug development #1: processes and requirements. Drug Discov Today 2011; 16:583-93. [PMID: 21635967 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the application of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods to drug development, but as yet little standardization or best practice guidelines for its use in this context. Pharmaceutical trials are subject to regulatory constraints and sponsor company processes, including site qualification and expectations around study oversight, blinding, quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC), analysis and reporting of results. In this article, we review the processes on the sponsor side and also the procedures involved in data acquisition at the imaging site. We then propose summary recommendations to help guide appropriate imaging site qualification, as part of a framework of 'good imaging practice' for functional (f)MRI studies applied to drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Schwarz
- Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St. Belmont, MA 02478, USA
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21
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Saha PK, Liang G, Elkins JM, Coimbra A, Duong LT, Williams DS, Sonka M. A new osteophyte segmentation algorithm using partial shape model and its applications to rabbit femur anterior cruciate ligament transection via micro-CT imaging. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2011; 58. [PMID: 21421428 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2011.2129519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Osteophyte is an additional bony growth on a normal bone surface limiting or stopping motion at a deteriorating joint. Detection and quantification of osteophytes from CT images is helpful in assessing disease status as well as treatment and surgery planning. However, it is difficult to distinguish between osteophytes and healthy bones using simple thresholding or edge/texture features due to the similarity of their material composition. In this paper, we present a new method primarily based active shape model (ASM) to solve this problem and evaluate its application to anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) rabbit femur model via CT imaging. The common idea behind most ASM based segmentation methods is to first build a parametric shape model from a training dataset and apply the model to find a shape instance in a target image. A common challenge with such approaches is that a diseased bone shape is significantly altered at regions with osteophyte deposition misguiding an ASM method and eventually leading to suboptimum segmentations. This difficulty is overcome using a new partial ASM method that uses bone shape over healthy regions and extrapolates it over the diseased region according to the underlying shape model. Finally, osteophytes are segmented by subtracting partial-ASM derived shape from the overall diseased shape. Also, a new semi-automatic method is presented in this paper for efficiently building a 3D shape model for an anatomic region using manual reference of a few anatomically defined fiducial landmarks that are highly reproducible on individuals. Accuracy of the method has been examined on simulated phantoms while reproducibility and sensitivity have been evaluated on CT images of 2-, 4- and 8-week post-ACLT and sham-treated rabbit femurs. Experimental results have shown that the method is highly accurate ( R2 = 0.99), reproducible (ICC = 0.97), and sensitive in detecting disease progression (p-values: 0.065,0.001 and < 0.001 for 2- vs. 4, 4- vs. 8- and 2- vs. 8-weeks, respectively).
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22
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Pendse GV, Baumgartner R, Schwarz AJ, Coimbra A, Borsook D, Becerra L. A statistical framework for optimal design matrix generation with application to fMRI. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2010; 29:1573-1611. [PMID: 20304726 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2010.2044512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The general linear model (GLM) is a well established tool for analyzing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Most fMRI analyses via GLM proceed in a massively univariate fashion where the same design matrix is used for analyzing data from each voxel. A major limitation of this approach is the locally varying nature of signals of interest as well as associated confounds. This local variability results in a potentially large bias and uncontrolled increase in variance for the contrast of interest. The main contributions of this paper are two fold: 1) we develop a statistical framework that enables estimation of an optimal design matrix while explicitly controlling the bias variance decomposition over a set of potential design matrices and 2) we develop and validate a numerical algorithm for computing optimal design matrices for general fMRI data sets. The implications of this framework include the ability to match optimally the magnitude of underlying signals to their true magnitudes while also matching the "null" signals to zero size thereby optimizing both the sensitivity and specificity of signal detection. By enabling the capture of multiple profiles of interest using a single contrast (as opposed to an F-test) in a way that optimizes for both bias and variance enables the passing of first level parameter estimates and their variances to the higher level for group analysis which is not possible using F-tests. We demonstrate the application of this approach to in vivo pharmacological fMRI data capturing the acute response to a drug infusion, to task-evoked, block design fMRI and to the estimation of a haemodynamic response function (HRF) in event-related fMRI. Although developed with motivation from fMRI, our framework is quite general and has potentially wide applicability to a variety of disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam V Pendse
- Imaging and Analysis Group (IMAG), McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
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23
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Pendse GV, Schwarz AJ, Baumgartner R, Coimbra A, Upadhyay J, Borsook D, Becerra L. Robust, unbiased general linear model estimation of phMRI signal amplitude in the presence of variation in the temporal response profile. J Magn Reson Imaging 2010; 31:1445-57. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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24
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Upadhyay J, Pendse G, Anderson J, Schwarz AJ, Baumgartner R, Coimbra A, Bishop J, Knudsen J, George E, Grachev I, Iyengar S, Bleakman D, Hargreaves R, Borsook D, Becerra L. Improved characterization of BOLD responses for evoked sensory stimuli. Neuroimage 2009; 49:2275-86. [PMID: 19854280 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Revised: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain and somatosensory processing involves an interaction of multiple neuronal networks. One result of these complex interactions is the presence of differential responses across brain regions that may be incompletely modeled by a straightforward application of standard general linear model (GLM) approaches based solely on the applied stimulus. We examined temporal blood oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) signatures elicited by two stimulation paradigms (brush and heat) providing innocuous and noxious stimuli. Data were acquired from 32 healthy male subjects (2 independent cohorts). Regional time courses and model-free analyses of the first cohort revealed distinct temporal features of the BOLD responses elicited during noxious versus innocuous stimulation. Specifically, a biphasic (dual peak) BOLD signal was observed in response to heat but much less so in response to brush stimuli. This signal was characterized by a stimulus-locked response along with a second peak delayed by approximately 12.5 s. A cross-validation error analysis determined a modified design matrix comprising two explanatory variables (EVs) as a parsimonious means to model the biphasic responses within a GLM framework. One EV was directly derived from the stimulation paradigm (EV1), while the second EV (EV2) was EV1 shifted by 12.5 s. The 2EV GLM analysis enabled a more detailed characterization of the elicited BOLD responses, particularly during pain processing. This was confirmed by application of the model to a second, independent cohort[AU1]. Furthermore, the delayed component of the biphasic response was strongly associated with the noxious heat stimuli, suggesting that this may represent a sensitive fMRI link of pain processing.
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25
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Cruz L, Ferreira A, Coimbra A, Castel-Branco M. Helium-oxygen mixtures and acute severe asthma. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2009; 37:216-7. [PMID: 19912979 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2008] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Upadhyay J, Anderson J, Schwarz A, Baumgartner R, Coimbra A, George E, Knudsen J, Bishop J, Keswani S, Robertson B, Schreiber R, Iyengar S, Bleakman D, Hargreaves R, Becerra L, Borsook D. De Novo CNS Activation following Infusion of Fosaprepitant (NK-1 antagonist) in Healthy Human Subjects. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70289-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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27
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Hayashi M, Dodart JC, Nuthall H, Guenther I, Coimbra A, Blenman RA, Hutton M, Shearman M. P2‐015: Characterization of an Alzheimer's disease mouse model Tg4510 with imaging techniques. Alzheimers Dement 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Hayashi M, Dodart JC, Nuthall H, Guenther I, Coimbra A, Blenman RA, Hutton M, Shearman M. IC‐P1‐028: Characterization of an Alzheimer's disease mouse model Tg4510 with imaging techniques. Alzheimers Dement 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Zhao F, Williams M, Meng X, Welsh DC, Coimbra A, Crown ED, Cook JJ, Urban MO, Hargreaves R, Williams DS. BOLD and blood volume-weighted fMRI of rat lumbar spinal cord during non-noxious and noxious electrical hindpaw stimulation. Neuroimage 2008; 40:133-47. [PMID: 18164630 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2007] [Revised: 10/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord fMRI is a useful tool for studying spinal mechanisms of pain, hence for analgesic drug development. Its technical feasibility in both humans and rats has been demonstrated. This study investigates the reproducibility, robustness, and spatial accuracy of fMRI of lumbar spinal cord activation due to transcutaneous noxious and non-noxious electrical stimulation of the hindpaw in alpha-chloralose-anesthetized rats. Blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) and blood volume-weighted fMRI data were acquired without and with intravenous injection of ultra small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (USPIO), respectively, using a gradient echo (GE) echo planar imaging (EPI) technique at 4.7 T. Neuronal activation in the spinal cord induced by noxious stimulation to the hindpaw (2 ms wide, 5 mA amplitude, known to activate C-fibers) can be robustly detected by both fMRI techniques with excellent reproducibility and peaked at the stimulus frequency of 40 Hz. However, both fMRI techniques were not sensitive to neuronal activation in spinal cord induced by non-noxious stimulation (0.3 ms, 1.5 mA, known only to activate A-fibers). Spatially, the fMRI signal extended approximately 5 mm in the longitudinal direction, covering L(3)-L(5) segments. In the cross-sectional direction, the highest signal change of blood volume-weighted fMRI was in the middle of the ipsilateral dorsal horn, which roughly corresponds to laminae V and VI, while the highest signal change of BOLD fMRI was in the ipsilateral dorsal surface. This study demonstrates that spinal cord fMRI can be performed in anesthetized rats reliably and reproducibly offering it as a potential tool for analgesic drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Zhao
- Imaging Department, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is difficult to diagnose in its early stages, and even if detected early, there is no preventative treatment. Imaging modalities such as MRI, PET, and SPECT have the potential to contribute to both the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, as well as assist in the search for more effective treatments. A number of AD-related biomarkers have been proposed and evaluated. The use of PET imaging to detect alterations in regional brain metabolism using [(18)F]FDG has enabled more sensitive and accurate early diagnosis of AD, especially in conjunction with traditional medical evaluation. Additionally, magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy provide a wide range of biomarkers that have been shown to correlate with the progression of AD. Some of these markers have been pursued in clinical trials. Progress has been made toward the evaluation of other more AD-specific biomarkers. However, many questions remain concerning the validity and sensitivity of these imaging biomarkers to aid in the assessment of potential new treatments, especially those related to increased levels of amyloid peptides in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Coimbra
- Department of Imaging Research, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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Hietala J, Nyman MJ, Eskola O, Laakso A, Grönroos T, Oikonen V, Bergman J, Haaparanta M, Forsback S, Marjamäki P, Lehikoinen P, Goldberg M, Burns D, Hamill T, Eng WS, Coimbra A, Hargreaves R, Solin O. Visualization and quantification of neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptors in the human brain. Mol Imaging Biol 2006; 7:262-72. [PMID: 16155744 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-005-7001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to develop a new positron emission tomography (PET) method to visualize neurokinin-1 (NK(1)) receptor systems in the human brain in vivo in order to examine their neuroanatomical distribution and facilitate investigations of the role of substance P, NK(1) receptors, and NK(1) receptor antagonists in central nervous system (CNS) function and dysfunction. METHODS PET studies were conducted in 10 healthy male volunteers using a novel selective, high-affinity NK(1) receptor antagonist labeled with fluorine-18 to very high specific radioactivity (up to 2000 GBq/micromol) [F-18]SPA-RQ. Data were collected in 3D mode for greatest sensitivity. Different modeling methods were compared and regional receptor distributions determined for comparison with in vitro autoradiographic studies using postmortem human brain slices with [F-18]SPA-RQ. RESULTS The studies showed that the highest uptake of [F-18]SPA-RQ was observed in the caudate and putamen. Lower binding was found in globus pallidus and substantia nigra. [F-18]SPA-RQ uptake was also widespread throughout the neocortex and limbic cortex including amygdala and hippocampus. There was very low specific uptake of the tracer in the cerebellar cortex. The distribution pattern was confirmed using in vitro receptor autoradiography with [F-18]SPA-RQ on postmortem human brain slices. Kinetic modeling of the [F-18]SPA-RQ uptake data indicated a binding potential between 4 and 5 in the basal ganglia and between 1.5 and 2.5 in the cortical regions. CONCLUSIONS [F-18]SPA-RQ is a novel tool for exploration of the functions of NK(1) receptors in man. [F-18]SPA-RQ can be used to define receptor pharmacodynamics and focus dose selection of novel NK(1) receptor antagonists in clinical trials thereby ensuring adequate proof of concept testing particularly in therapeutic applications related to CNS dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarmo Hietala
- Neuropsychiatric Imaging, Turku PET Centre, Turku University Central Hospital, Finland
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Akaishi E, Massumoto CM, Mizumoto N, Teixeira F, Coimbra A, Miyadahira E, Martins O, Buzaid AC. Cytoreductive surgery combined with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy for the management of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Initial experience of a cancer center in Brazil. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.2112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Sanabria-Bohórquez SM, Maes A, Dupont P, Bormans G, de Groot T, Coimbra A, Eng W, Laethem T, De Lepeleire I, Gambale J, Vega JM, Burns HD. Image-derived input function for [11C]flumazenil kinetic analysis in human brain. Mol Imaging Biol 2004; 5:72-8. [PMID: 14499147 DOI: 10.1016/s1536-1632(03)00046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We describe a method for analysis of [11C]flumazenil data using an input curve directly derived from the positron emission tomography (PET) images. PROCEDURE The shape of the tracer plasma curve was obtained from the product of the intact flumazenil fraction in plasma in six arterial samples and the internal carotid artery time-activity curve (TAC). The resulting curve was calibrated using the [11C]flumazenil concentration in three of the six samples. The curve peak was recovered by adding an exponential function to the scaled curve whose parameters were estimated from simultaneous fittings of several tissue TACs assuming that all regions share the same input. RESULTS Good agreement was found between the image-derived and the experimental plasma curves in six subjects. Distribution volumes were highly correlated with linear regression slope and intercept values between [0.94, 1.03] and [-0.10, 0.16], respectively. CONCLUSION The proposed method is suitable for benzodiazepine receptor quantification requiring only a few blood samples.
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Cadinha S, Malheiro D, Fonseca J, Coimbra A, Silva J, Vaz M. Mite sensitization: Trends in the past 4 years. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(03)80846-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Missal M, Coimbra A, Lefèvre P, Olivier E. Further evidence that a shared efferent collicular pathway drives separate circuits for smooth eye movements and saccades. Exp Brain Res 2002; 147:344-52. [PMID: 12428142 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-002-1274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2002] [Accepted: 09/05/2002] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to find out whether smooth eye movements (SEMs) evoked by superior colliculus (SC) stimulation are, as suggested by Breznen et al. (1996), artefactual eye movements resulting from a non-physiological response of the saccadic generator. This question was reinvestigated in head-restrained cats. Long-lasting SC stimulation was found to evoke, in a comparable proportion, either a single saccade followed by an uninterrupted SEM or a staircase of two or three saccades interleaved with SEMs. These two different patterns of eye movements could be elicited at a near-threshold current and at low stimulation frequencies. In most cases, SEM direction clearly differed from that of the preceding saccade. This difference between SEM and saccade directions varied in a systematic way as a function of the initial saccade direction. As demonstrated by computer simulation, this observation can be explained if the neural circuit controlling SEMs reaches a saturation level earlier than the saccadic burst-generator. Our results in cats were reminiscent of those reported by Breznen et al. (1996) in the monkey only in some instances, when high frequency stimulation (400-600 Hz) was applied. Indeed, in the case of near-threshold stimulation-elicited staircase saccades, increasing the stimulation frequency led to a progressive disappearance of the smaller subsequent saccades that were substituted by uninterrupted SEM-like movements. Altogether, the present results confirm the view that SEMs are genuine eye movements. These results rule out the hypothesis that SEMs result from a saturation of the saccadic generator and strengthen the hypothesis that SEMs and saccades are distinct movements. We suggest that the same collicular efferent cells carry out the motor command to saccadic and SEM circuits and that the position error originating from the SC may be distributed amongst separate downstream motor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Missal
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, School of Medicine, Université Catholique de Louvain, 5449 Ave Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
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Castro-Lopes JM, Tavares I, Tölle TR, Coito A, Coimbra A. Increase in GABAergic Cells and GABA Levels in the Spinal Cord in Unilateral Inflammation of the Hindlimb in the Rat. Eur J Neurosci 2002; 4:296-301. [PMID: 12106356 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1992.tb00877.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of chronic peripheral inflammation on spinal cord gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were examined in the rat. Following the injection of complete Freund's adjuvant in the left hindlimb footpad an increased number of immunoreactive cells occurred in ipsilateral laminae I - III of the dorsal horn from L3 to L5. GABA-immunoreactive cells were more numerous than contralaterally 1 week after the onset of the inflammation, reached maximal numbers after 3 - 4 weeks, and declined thereafter. Differences from control sides were statistically significant except at week 6. GABA levels in homogenates of the ipsilateral lumbar enlargement were increased significantly at 4 weeks. Since increases in GABA occurred in the spinal cord zone of projection of the nerves supplying the inflamed foot, the central response is surmised to result from the increased nociceptive input arriving from the periphery. However, the transmission from primary axons to GABA interneurons is not likely to be monosynaptic since profiles containing glutamate decarboxylase or GABA immunoreactivity are known to be predominantly presynaptic, and rarely postsynaptic, to primary afferent endings in electron micrographs in the rat. The findings support the function attributed to spinal GABA in modulating nociceptive input at segmental level.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Castro-Lopes
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine of Oporto, 4200 Porto, Portugal
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Missal M, Coimbra A, Lefèvre P, Olivier E. A quantitative analysis of the correlations between eye movements and neural activity in the pretectum. Exp Brain Res 2002; 143:373-82. [PMID: 11889515 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-002-0999-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2001] [Accepted: 12/05/2001] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The study of the saccadic system has focused mainly on neurons active before the beginning of saccades, in order to determine their contribution in movement planning and execution. However, most oculomotor structures contain also neurons whose activity starts only after the onset of saccades, the maximum of their activity sometimes occurring near saccade end. Their characteristics are still largely unknown. We investigated pretectal neurons with saccade-related activity in the alert cat during eye movements towards a moving target. They emitted a high-frequency burst of action potentials after the onset of saccades, irrespective of their direction, and will be referred to as "pretectal saccade-related neurons". The delay between saccade onset and cell activity varied from 17 to 66 ms on average. We found that burst parameters were correlated with the parameters of saccades; the peak eye velocity was correlated with the peak of the spike density function, the saccade amplitude with the number of spikes in the burst, and burst duration increased with saccade duration. The activity of six pretectal saccade-related neurons was studied during smooth pursuit at different velocities. A correlation was found between smooth pursuit velocity and mean firing rate. A minority of these neurons (2/6) were also visually responsive. Their visual activity was proportional to the difference between eye and target velocity during smooth pursuit (retinal slip). These results indicate that the activity of pretectal saccade-related neurons is correlated with the characteristics of eye movements. This finding is in agreement with the known anatomical projections from premotor regions of the saccadic system to the pretectum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Missal
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, School of Medicine, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), 5449 av. Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Plácido
- Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Hospital S. João, 4202-451 Porto, Portugal.
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Pan B, Castro-Lopes JM, Coimbra A. Central afferent pathways conveying nociceptive input to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus as revealed by a combination of retrograde labeling and c-fos activation. J Comp Neurol 1999; 413:129-45. [PMID: 10464375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous data have shown that noxious thermal stimulation of the hind leg in the anesthetized rat causes c-fos activation in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN); in other brain nuclei, including the cathecholaminergic cell groups of the caudal medulla; and in the adenohypophysis. Stimulation was followed by adrenocorticotropic hormone plasma release but did not provoke cardiovascular changes. In the current study, the afferent central pathways conveying the nociceptive input to the PVN were studied throughout the brain by using double labeling for the Fos-protein and the retrograde tracer cholera toxin subunit B (CTb) injected into the PVN. Although double labeling occurred in several hypothalamic nuclei, the periaqueductal gray, the lateral parabrachial area, and the catecholaminergic medullary groups, high rates of double labeling occurred only in the cells of the A1 region of the ventrolateral medulla ( approximately 83% of CTb-labeled cells expressing c-fos). Further triple labeling with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) revealed that > 80% of the double-labeled cells were TH-immunoreactive. The spinal cord had the usual strong c-fos expression but showed no retrograde labeling from the PVN. Noxious stimulation caused corticosterone plasma release. To ascertain a possible link of spinofugal neurons with the A1 cells, biotinylated dextran amine was injected into the spinal dorsal horn. Numerous anterogradely labeled fibers with bouton-like structures were observed, with the latter apposed to double- and triple-labeled cells in the A1 region. It is suggested that a dysynaptic route relayed in the A1 region conveys the nociceptive somatic input from the spinal cord to the PVN. Noxious stimulation may act as a systemic stressor, activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pan
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Oporto University, 4200 Porto, Portugal
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Avelino A, Cruz F, Coimbra A. Intravesical resiniferatoxin desensitizes rat bladder sensory fibres without causing intense noxious excitation. A c-fos study. Eur J Pharmacol 1999; 378:17-22. [PMID: 10478560 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00451-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study the desensitizing power of increasing concentrations of resiniferatoxin applied topically to the bladder mucosa, and the irritating properties of the most effective desensitizing dose, were determined with the aid of the spinal expression of the proto-oncogene c-fos. Desensitization was assessed by the decrease in the number of Fos-immunoreactive spinal neurons induced by the intravesical instillation of 1% acetic acid, when the latter was preceded by resiniferatoxin in concentrations between 1 and 1000 nM. Irritation, as shown by the noxious excitation of vesical sensory innervation, was measured by the c-fos response evoked by a single application of resiniferatoxin. As to the desensitizing power, resiniferatoxin produced a dose-dependent effect with a maximum at 100 nM, which decreased Fos-immunoreactive cell numbers to less than 10% of controls. No further decrease of c-fos activation occurred at 1000 nM. As to the irritating power, the saturation dose of resiniferatoxin (100 nM) produced a very weak c-fos activation in lumbosacral spinal cord segments. These data show that in an effective desensitizing concentration, resiniferatoxin is virtually devoid of nociceptive effects, in agreement with current clinical observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Avelino
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine of Oporto, IBMC of University of Oporto, Porto, Portugal
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Avelino A, Cruz F, Coimbra A. Lidocaine prevents noxious excitation of bladder afferents induced by intravesical capsaicin without interfering with the ensuing sensory desensitization: an experimental study in the rat. J Urol 1998; 159:567-70. [PMID: 9649293 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(01)63985-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effects of the local anesthetic lidocaine on the noxious excitation and subsequent desensitization of bladder sensory fibers, produced by intravesical capsaicin, were evaluated through c-fos activation in the spinal cord. MATERIALS AND METHODS Noxious excitation was demonstrated by counting Fos-immunoreactive (IR) cells occurring in the rat spinal cord 2 hours after intravesical administration of 1 mM. capsaicin, preceded or not by 2% lidocaine. Desensitization was studied by comparing the number of Fos-IR cells induced by 1% acetic acid in rats treated 24 hours before with 1 mM. intravesical capsaicin preceded or not by 2% lidocaine. RESULTS Lidocaine instilled previously markedly reduced the number of Fos-IR spinal cells responding to capsaicin-induced bladder afferent excitation. Numbers of Fos-IR cells induced by acetic acid instillation in bladders desensitized by capsaicin administrated 24 hours before were not changed by lidocaine application prior to capsaicin. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that local anesthetic pretreatment of the bladder with lidocaine reduces the capsaicin-induced noxious excitation of the sensory fibers without decreasing their subsequent desensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Avelino
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, IBMC of University of Porto, Portugal
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Avelino A, Cruz F, Coimbra A. Sites of renal pain processing in the rat spinal cord. A c-fos study using a percutaneous method to perform ureteral obstruction. J Auton Nerv Syst 1997; 67:60-6. [PMID: 9470145 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-1838(97)00105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The sites of renal pain processing in the rat spinal cord were studied by mapping the spinal cord neurons expressing c-fos after acute ureteral distension due to obstruction. A new experimental model is presented. A nylon knot was loosely placed around the ureter and the ends of the thread exteriorized through the retroperitoneal wall. Eight days later, when all c-fos expression due to nociceptive input from the abdominal wound and the manipulation of the intestines had disappeared, the nylon ends were pulled to produce ureteral occlusion. C-fos activation occurred at spinal segments T10-L4 with a peak at L1-L2. The activated neurons were concentrated in laminae I, lateral IV-V, medial VII and X. While in lamina I nearly all Fos-immunoreactive cells were ipsilateral, in the deeper laminae taken together 60% cells were ipsilateral and 40% contralateral to the distended ureter. It is suggested that renal nociceptive input giving rise to conscious pain perception is transmitted through ipsilateral lamina I, whereas input triggering autonomic reflexes may be mainly processed, ipsi- and contralaterally, in the deep laminae.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Avelino
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine of Oporto, IBMC of University of Oporto, Portugal
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Tavares I, Lima D, Coimbra A. The pontine A5 noradrenergic cells which project to the spinal cord dorsal horn are reciprocally connected with the caudal ventrolateral medulla in the rat. Eur J Neurosci 1997; 9:2452-61. [PMID: 9464939 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01662.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A disynaptic pathway linking the caudal ventrolateral medulla (VLM) to the spinal cord via the A5 noradrenergic cell group of the pons has recently been described in the rat. In the present work, the projections of the A5 to the VLM and to the spinal dorsal horn were studied with double-tracing techniques combined with immunostaining of the noradrenaline-synthesizing enzyme dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. Cholera toxin subunit B (CTb) injected into the VLM and fluoro-gold injected into the spinal dorsal horn produced double retrograde labelling of A5 neurons immunoreactive for dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, which received appositions of fibre varicosities labelled anterogradely with CTb injected into the VLM. After injecting CTb into the A5, retrogradely labelled neurons occurred in the VLM. These neurons were contacted by anterogradely labelled fibres from the A5 group. These observations indicate that the VLM cells acting upon the A5 spinally projecting neurons, which are likely to exert an alpha2-adrenoreceptor-mediated inhibition on the spinal cord, are targeted by collaterals of the A5 spinal cord-bound axons. The A5-VLM pathway may be the anatomical substrate of a negative feedback circuit whereby the modulatory action of the VLM on the spinal cord is self-inhibited through activation of the A5.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tavares
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and IBMC of the University of Oporto, Porto, Portugal
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Pan B, Castro-Lopes JM, Coimbra A. Chemical sensory deafferentation abolishes hypothalamic pituitary activation induced by noxious stimulation or electroacupuncture but only decreases that caused by immobilization stress. A c-fos study. Neuroscience 1997; 78:1059-68. [PMID: 9174074 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(96)00661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We have shown in previous c-fos studies that noxious stimulation or electroacupuncture in deeply anaesthetized rats activate the hypothalamic pituitary corticotrope axis in a specific way. C-fos expression was more pronounced in the arcuate than the paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei, and none occurred in the pituitary intermediate lobe. The absence of the usual autonomic responses to psychological stress, such as tachycardia or blood pressure elevation, suggested a specific action of the somatosensory input on the hypothalamic pituitary axis. To prove this hypothesis, c-fos expression was examined in the paraventricular, arcuate and other hypothalamic nuclei, the pituitary gland, and the A1 and A2 medullary catecholaminergic cell groups of animals deprived of nociceptive primary afferent input by neonatal capsaicin. After noxious stimulation or electroacupuncture, no c-fos enhancement occurred in any of those sites in capsaicin-treated animals, and there was no increased plasma release of adrenocorticotropic hormone. In contrast, the hypothalamic pituitary c-fos activation provoked by immobilization stress though markedly decreased, was not abolished by capsaicin, whereas plasma release of adrenocorticotropic hormone remained undiminished. These findings suggest that noxious stimulation or electroacupuncture act on the hypothalamic pituitary corticotrope axis through an exclusively physical effect depending on the noxious signal elicited in the somatosensory pathway. They also demonstrate the occurrence of a minor somatosensory physical component after forced immobilization, acting on the hypothalamic pituitary axis probably together with the prevalent component of emotional arousal elicited by this form of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pan
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, IBMC of Oporto University, Porto, Portugal
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Cruz F, Guimarães M, Silva C, Rio ME, Coimbra A, Reis M. Desensitization of bladder sensory fibers by intravesical capsaicin has long lasting clinical and urodynamic effects in patients with hyperactive or hypersensitive bladder dysfunction. J Urol 1997; 157:585-9. [PMID: 8996364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Capsaicin was used to treat symptomatic patients with hyperactive or hypersensitive bladders. MATERIALS AND METHODS Capsaicin solution (1 mM.) was instilled into the bladder of 16 patients with spinal hyperreflexia, bladder instability or hypersensibility. RESULTS Frequency decreased in 14 patients and continence was achieved in 10 of 14 incontinent cases. Mean first desire to void and maximal cystometric capacity increased significantly. These effects lasted for 6 to 12 months and were renewed following repeat treatment. CONCLUSIONS Bladder afferent desensitization with capsaicin is promising in patients with motor or sensory bladder dysfunction, although initial pungency might limit its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cruz
- Department of Urology, Hospital S. João, Porto, Portugal
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Tavares I, Lima D, Coimbra A. The ventrolateral medulla of the rat is connected with the spinal cord dorsal horn by an indirect descending pathway relayed in the A5 noradrenergic cell group. J Comp Neurol 1996; 374:84-95. [PMID: 8891948 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19961007)374:1<84::aid-cne6>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The pathway conveying the descending inhibitory noradrenergic input elicited from the caudal ventrolateral medulla (VLM) onto the spinal cord dorsal horn was studied in the rat. Retrograde labeling with cholera toxin subunit B (CTb) injected into the dorsal horn was combined with immunostaining for dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) in the VLM and other brainstem nuclei containing noradrenergic cells. CTb-labeled neurons occurred in the lateral part of the VLM (VLMlat), located ventrolaterally to the DBH-immunoreactive cells of the A1 noradrenergic cell group. Neuronal profiles stained for CTb and DBH (double labeled) occurred in the A5 (31%), A6 (57%), and A7 (12%) noradrenergic cell groups. To ascertain whether noradrenergic cells targeting the spinal cord in those groups received projections from the VLMlat, this area was injected with the anterograde tracer biotinylated dextran amine (BDA). Labeled terminal fibers with boutons en passant were apposed to numerous double-stained neurons in the A5 cell group. Similar appositions occurred in small amounts in the ventral subcoerulear component of the A6. Correlated light and electron microscopic analyses of the labeled appositions revealed that the BDA-labeled axonal boutons contained spherical vesicles and were presynaptic at asymmetrical contacts to somata and dendritic profiles of the double-stained A5 neurons. These data indicate the occurrence of an indirect dysynaptic pathway connecting the VLM to the spinal cord, with a relay in the A5 cells. This pathway may convey the antinociceptive effects mediated by alpha 2-adrenoreceptors, which have been previously observed in the spinal cord following VLM stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tavares
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Porto, Portugal
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Pan B, Castro-Lopes JM, Coimbra A. Activation of anterior lobe corticotrophs by electroacupuncture or noxious stimulation in the anaesthetized rat, as shown by colocalization of Fos protein with ACTH and beta-endorphin and increased hormone release. Brain Res Bull 1996; 40:175-82. [PMID: 8736578 DOI: 10.1016/0361-9230(96)00011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A marked expression of the c-fos proto-oncogene has been recently reported in cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland in rats subject to electroacupuncture or noxious thermal stimulation under pentobarbital anaesthesia. The present study was undertaken to identify the activated pituitary cells. Following both kinds of stimulation, most Fos-immunoreactive anterior lobe cells showed colocalization with adrenocorticotropic hormone or beta-endorphin immunoreactivity. No c-fos expression occurred in pituitary cells immunoreactive for growth hormone, prolactin, luteinizing hormone, or thyrotropin-stimulating hormone. A marked rise of adrenocorticotropic hormone and beta-endorphin concentrations occurred in plasma. In the hypothalamus, c-fos expression was increased in the mediobasal nuclei-namely, the arcuate nucleus-and in the paraventricular nucleus, but more in the former. It is suggested that somatosensory noxious input, or the partly noxious input evoked by electroacupuncture, activate the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis as in common forms of stress, but with a specific activation of the mediobasal hypothalamic nuclei and no stimulation of intermediate lobe cells. Opiate release from the pituitary gland may contribute to acupuncture analgesia or the intrinsic antinociceptive reactions triggered by noxious stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pan
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oporto, Porto, Portugal
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Abstract
The influence on pain processing caused by destruction or stimulation of the dorsal reticular nucleus (DRt) was studied using the tail-flick and the increasing temperature hot-plate tests. Lesions of the DRt were obtained by injecting quinolinic acid (180 nmol/microliters) unilaterally or bilaterally, and nociceptive responses were evaluated by both tests. Following unilateral lesions, the tail-flick latencies and the hot-plate response temperatures were increased, values differing statistically from controls in the latter test. Bilateral lesions resulted in statistically significant increases of both tail-flick latency and hot-plate response temperature. Stimulation of the DRt was performed by injecting glutamate (100 nmol/microliters) unilaterally, which was followed 1 min later by a significant decrease in the tail-flick latency compared to saline injected controls. These results suggest that the DRt is involved in the facilitation of nociception after acute thermal noxious stimulation. This effect may be mediated through a spino-DRt-spinal loop causing a rebound of excitation in lamina I cells receiving noxious input from their own receptive field.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Almeida
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, University of Oporto, Portugal
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49
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Abstract
In the anaesthetized rat, low frequency electrical stimulation of the Zusanli acupoint (S36) or noxious thermal stimulation caused by immersing the footpad in water at 52 degrees C caused marked expression of c-fos in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, as well as in the arcuate and some nearby hypothalamic nuclei. A similar anterior lobe response was caused by immobilization stress in awake rats but in this case Fos-immunoreactive cells extended into the intermediate lobe and were very abundant in the paraventricular nucleus. It is suggested that the anterior pituitary cells that respond to stress are also activated by acupuncture or painful stimulation. However, the mechanisms of pituitary cell activation seem distinct from those occurring in stress, since different hypothalamic nuclei are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pan
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oporto, Porto, Portugal
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50
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Coimbra F, Coimbra A. Dental noxious input reaches the subnucleus caudalis of the trigeminal complex in the rat, as shown by c-fos expression upon thermal or mechanical stimulation. Neurosci Lett 1994; 173:201-4. [PMID: 7936415 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(94)90183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The first upper molar tooth was subject to noxious thermal or mechanical stimulation in anaesthetised rats. In some animals, the red-heated metal end of a dental filling instrument was placed upright, briefly, on the occlusal surface. In other rats, a fine explorer was introduced three times into the pulp through a drilling cavity. Brainstem and cervical cord of treated and control animals were immunoreacted for the Fos protein. Numerous Fos cells occurred in the dorsomedial part of the ipsilateral trigeminal subnucleus caudalis including the transition zone with the subnucleus interpolaris, and in lamina I at spinal segments C1-C2, but were lacking in more rostral trigeminal subdivisions. Findings support the exclusive processing of nociceptive dental input in the medullary and upper cervical dorsal horn.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Coimbra
- Faculty of Dental Medicine of Oporto, Porto, Portugal
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