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Ecroyd H, Bartelt-Kirbach B, Ben-Zvi A, Bonavita R, Bushman Y, Casarotto E, Cecconi C, Lau WCY, Hibshman JD, Joosten J, Kimonis V, Klevit R, Liberek K, McMenimen KA, Miwa T, Mogk A, Montepietra D, Peters C, Rocchetti MT, Saman D, Sisto A, Secco V, Strauch A, Taguchi H, Tanguay M, Tedesco B, Toth ME, Wang Z, Benesch JLP, Carra S. The beauty and complexity of the small heat shock proteins: a report on the proceedings of the fourth workshop on small heat shock proteins. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:621-629. [PMID: 37462824 PMCID: PMC10746627 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01360-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fourth Cell Stress Society International workshop on small heat shock proteins (sHSPs), a follow-up to successful workshops held in 2014, 2016 and 2018, took place as a virtual meeting on the 17-18 November 2022. The meeting was designed to provide an opportunity for those working on sHSPs to reconnect and discuss their latest work. The diversity of research in the sHSP field is reflected in the breadth of topics covered in the talks presented at this meeting. Here we summarise the presentations at this meeting and provide some perspectives on exciting future topics to be addressed in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heath Ecroyd
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | | | - Anat Ben-Zvi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Raffaella Bonavita
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Yevheniia Bushman
- Center for Protein Assemblies and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Elena Casarotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti" (DiSFeB), Dipartimento di Eccellenza, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ciro Cecconi
- Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR-NANO, Center S3, Modena, Italy
| | - Wilson Chun Yu Lau
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jonathan D Hibshman
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Joep Joosten
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Virginia Kimonis
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California - Irvine, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
- Department of Neurology and Department of Pathology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Rachel Klevit
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Krzysztof Liberek
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Kathryn A McMenimen
- Program in Biochemistry and Department of Chemistry, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, 01075, USA
| | - Tsukumi Miwa
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Axel Mogk
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld, 282, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniele Montepietra
- Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR-NANO, Center S3, Modena, Italy
- Department of Department of Chemical, Life and Environmental sustainability sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carsten Peters
- Center for Protein Assemblies and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Maria Teresa Rocchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122, Foggio, Italy
| | - Dominik Saman
- Department of Chemistry, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Angela Sisto
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Valentina Secco
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Annika Strauch
- Center for Protein Assemblies and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Hideki Taguchi
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Morgan Tanguay
- Program in Biochemistry and Department of Chemistry, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, 01075, USA
| | - Barbara Tedesco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti" (DiSFeB), Dipartimento di Eccellenza, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Melinda E Toth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Zihao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Justin L P Benesch
- Department of Chemistry, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Serena Carra
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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Bose P, Baron N, Pullaiahgari D, Ben-Zvi A, Shapira M. LeishIF3d is a non-canonical cap-binding protein in Leishmania. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1191934. [PMID: 37325473 PMCID: PMC10266417 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1191934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Translation of most cellular mRNAs in eukaryotes proceeds through a cap-dependent pathway, whereby the cap-binding complex, eIF4F, anchors the pre-initiation complex at the 5' end of mRNAs driving translation initiation. The genome of Leishmania encodes a large repertoire of cap-binding complexes that fulfill a variety of functions possibly involved in survival along the life cycle. However, most of these complexes function in the promastigote life form that resides in the sand fly vector and decrease their activity in amastigotes, the mammalian life form. Here we examined the possibility that LeishIF3d drives translation in Leishmania using alternative pathways. We describe a non-canonical cap-binding activity of LeishIF3d and examine its potential role in driving translation. LeishIF3d is required for translation, as reducing its expression by a hemizygous deletion reduces the translation activity of the LeishIF3d(+/-) mutant cells. Proteomic analysis of the mutant cells highlights the reduced expression of flagellar and cytoskeletal proteins, as reflected in the morphological changes observed in the mutant cells. Targeted mutations in two predicted alpha helices diminish the cap-binding activity of LeishIF3d. Overall, LeishIF3d could serve as a driving force for alternative translation pathways, although it does not seem to offer an alternative pathway for translation in amastigotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Bose
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Nofar Baron
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Anat Ben-Zvi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Michal Shapira
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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van Oosten-Hawle P, Backe SJ, Ben-Zvi A, Bourboulia D, Brancaccio M, Brodsky J, Clark M, Colombo G, Cox MB, De Los Rios P, Echtenkamp F, Edkins A, Freeman B, Goloubinoff P, Houry W, Johnson J, LaPointe P, Li W, Mezger V, Neckers L, Nillegoda NB, Prahlad V, Reitzel A, Scherz-Shouval R, Sistonen L, Tsai FTF, Woodford MR, Mollapour M, Truman AW. Second Virtual International Symposium on Cellular and Organismal Stress Responses, September 8-9, 2022. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:1-9. [PMID: 36602710 PMCID: PMC9877255 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-022-01318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Second International Symposium on Cellular and Organismal Stress Responses took place virtually on September 8-9, 2022. This meeting was supported by the Cell Stress Society International (CSSI) and organized by Patricija Van Oosten-Hawle and Andrew Truman (University of North Carolina at Charlotte, USA) and Mehdi Mollapour (SUNY Upstate Medical University, USA). The goal of this symposium was to continue the theme from the initial meeting in 2020 by providing a platform for established researchers, new investigators, postdoctoral fellows, and students to present and exchange ideas on various topics on cellular stress and chaperones. We will summarize the highlights of the meeting here and recognize those that received recognition from the CSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricija van Oosten-Hawle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA.
| | - Sarah J Backe
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Anat Ben-Zvi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Dimitra Bourboulia
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Mara Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Jeff Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Melody Clark
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Giorgio Colombo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marc B Cox
- Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Paolo De Los Rios
- Institute of Physics & Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frank Echtenkamp
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Adrienne Edkins
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
- Centre for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Brian Freeman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Pierre Goloubinoff
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Walid Houry
- Department of Biochemistry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Jill Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Center for Reproductive Biology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Paul LaPointe
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Wei Li
- The Department of Dermatology and the USC-Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, USA
- University of Southern California Keck Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Valerie Mezger
- CNRS, and Epigenetics and Cell Fate Center, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Len Neckers
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nadinath B Nillegoda
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Dementia and Brain Repair at the Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Veena Prahlad
- Department of Biology, Aging Mind and Brain Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Adam Reitzel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Ruth Scherz-Shouval
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lea Sistonen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Francis T F Tsai
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mark R Woodford
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA.
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - Andrew W Truman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA.
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Kishner M, Habaz L, Meshnik L, Meidan TD, Polonsky A, Ben-Zvi A. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-like receptor 2 inversely regulates somatic proteostasis and reproduction in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:951199. [PMID: 36105349 PMCID: PMC9465036 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.951199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality control machinery regulates the cellular proteome to ensure proper protein homeostasis (proteostasis). In Caenorhabditis elegans, quality control networks are downregulated cell-nonautonomously by the gonadal longevity pathway or metabolic signaling at the onset of reproduction. However, how signals are mediated between the gonad and the somatic tissues is not known. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-like signaling functions in the interplay between development and reproduction and have conserved roles in regulating reproduction, metabolism, and stress. We, therefore, asked whether GnRH-like signaling is involved in proteostasis collapse at the onset of reproduction. Here, we examine whether C. elegans orthologues of GnRH receptors modulate heat shock survival. We find that gnrr-2 is required for proteostasis remodeling in different somatic tissues during the transition to adulthood. We show that gnrr-2 likely functions in neurons downstream of the gonad in the gonadal-longevity pathway and modulate the somatic regulation of transcription factors HSF-1, DAF-16, and PQM-1. In parallel, gnrr-2 modulates egg-laying rates, vitellogenin production, and thus reproductive capacity. Taken together, our data suggest that gnrr-2 plays a GnRH-associated role, mediating the cross-talk between the reproduction system and the soma in the decision to commit to reproduction.
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Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential for creating and maintaining tissue homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS), which is key for proper neuronal function. In most vertebrates, the BBB is localized to microvascular endothelial cells that acquire barrier properties during angiogenesis of the neuroectoderm. Complex and continuous tight junctions, and the lack of fenestrae combined with low pinocytotic activity render the BBB endothelium a tight barrier for water-soluble molecules that may only enter the CNS via specific transporters. The differentiation of these unique endothelial properties during embryonic development is initiated by endothelial-specific flavours of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in a precise spatiotemporal manner. In this review, we summarize the currently known cellular (neural precursor and endothelial cells) and molecular (VEGF and Wnt/β-catenin) mechanisms mediating brain angiogenesis and barrier formation. Moreover, we introduce more recently discovered crosstalk with cellular and acellular elements within the developing CNS such as the extracellular matrix. We discuss recent insights into the downstream molecular mechanisms of Wnt/β-catenin in particular, the recently identified target genes like Foxf2, Foxl2, Foxq1, Lef1, Ppard, Zfp551, Zic3, Sox17, Apcdd1 and Fgfbp1 that are involved in refining and maintaining barrier characteristics in the mature BBB endothelium. Additionally, we elute to recent insight into barrier heterogeneity and differential endothelial barrier properties within the CNS, focussing on the circumventricular organs as well as on the neurogenic niches in the subventricular zone and the hippocampus. Finally, open questions and future BBB research directions are highlighted in the context of taking benefit from understanding BBB development for strategies to modulate BBB function under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ben-Zvi
- From the, The Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S Liebner
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Systems (ECCPS), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Nisaa K, Ben-Zvi A. HLH-1 Modulates Muscle Proteostasis During Caenorhabditis elegans Larval Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:920569. [PMID: 35733850 PMCID: PMC9207508 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.920569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle proteostasis is shaped by the myogenic transcription factor MyoD which regulates the expression of chaperones during muscle differentiation. Whether MyoD can also modulate chaperone expression in terminally differentiated muscle cells remains open. Here we utilized a temperature-sensitive (ts) conditional knockdown nonsense mutation in MyoD ortholog in C. elegans, HLH-1, to ask whether MyoD plays a role in maintaining muscle proteostasis post myogenesis. We showed that hlh-1 is expressed during larval development and that hlh-1 knockdown at the first, second, or third larval stages resulted in severe defects in motility and muscle organization. Motility defects and myofilament organization were rescued when the clearance of hlh-1(ts) mRNA was inhibited, and hlh-1 mRNA levels were restored. Moreover, hlh-1 knockdown modulated the expression of chaperones with putative HLH-1 binding sites in their promoters, supporting HLH-1 role in muscle maintenance during larval development. Finally, mild disruption of hlh-1 expression during development resulted in earlier dysregulation of muscle maintenance and function during adulthood. We propose that the differentiation transcription factor, HLH-1, contributes to muscle maintenance and regulates cell-specific chaperone expression post differentiation. HLH-1 may thus impact muscle proteostasis and potentially the onset and manifestation of sarcopenia.
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Meshnik L, Bar-Yaacov D, Kasztan D, Neiger T, Cohen T, Kishner M, Valenci I, Dadon S, Klein CJ, Vance JM, Nevo Y, Züchner S, Ovadia O, Mishmar D, Ben-Zvi A. Mutant C. elegans mitofusin leads to selective removal of mtDNA heteroplasmic deletions across generations to maintain fitness. BMC Biol 2022; 20:40. [PMID: 35139855 PMCID: PMC8829988 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is present at high copy numbers in animal cells, and though characterized by a single haplotype in each individual due to maternal germline inheritance, deleterious mutations and intact mtDNA molecules frequently co-exist (heteroplasmy). A number of factors, such as replicative segregation, mitochondrial bottlenecks, and selection, may modulate the exitance of heteroplasmic mutations. Since such mutations may have pathological consequences, they likely survive and are inherited due to functional complementation via the intracellular mitochondrial network. Here, we hypothesized that compromised mitochondrial fusion would hamper such complementation, thereby affecting heteroplasmy inheritance. Results We assessed heteroplasmy levels in three Caenorhabditis elegans strains carrying different heteroplasmic mtDNA deletions (ΔmtDNA) in the background of mutant mitofusin (fzo-1). Animals displayed severe embryonic lethality and developmental delay. Strikingly, observed phenotypes were relieved during subsequent generations in association with complete loss of ΔmtDNA molecules. Moreover, deletion loss rates were negatively correlated with the size of mtDNA deletions, suggesting that mitochondrial fusion is essential and sensitive to the nature of the heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations. Introducing the ΔmtDNA into a fzo-1;pdr-1;+/ΔmtDNA (PARKIN ortholog) double mutant resulted in a skewed Mendelian progeny distribution, in contrast to the normal distribution in the fzo-1;+/ΔmtDNA mutant, and severely reduced brood size. Notably, the ΔmtDNA was lost across generations in association with improved phenotypes. Conclusions Taken together, our findings show that when mitochondrial fusion is compromised, deleterious heteroplasmic mutations cannot evade natural selection while inherited through generations. Moreover, our findings underline the importance of cross-talk between mitochondrial fusion and mitophagy in modulating the inheritance of mtDNA heteroplasmy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01241-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Meshnik
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Dan Bar-Yaacov
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Dana Kasztan
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Tali Neiger
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Tal Cohen
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Mor Kishner
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Itay Valenci
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Sara Dadon
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Christopher J Klein
- Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jeffery M Vance
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yoram Nevo
- Institute of Neurology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Tel-Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Stephan Züchner
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ofer Ovadia
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Dan Mishmar
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Anat Ben-Zvi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
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Nisaa K, Ben-Zvi A. Chaperone networks are shaped by cellular differentiation and identity. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 32:470-474. [PMID: 34863585 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chaperone expression is developmentally regulated, establishing tissue-specific networks. However, the molecular basis underlying this specificity is mainly unknown. Recent evidence suggests that chaperone network rewiring is mediated, in part, by differentiation transcription factors to fit the proteome folding demands, with implications for the tissue-specific manifestation of protein misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairun Nisaa
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Anat Ben-Zvi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
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Tiago T, Hummel B, Morelli FF, Basile V, Vinet J, Galli V, Mediani L, Antoniani F, Pomella S, Cassandri M, Garone MG, Silvestri B, Cimino M, Cenacchi G, Costa R, Mouly V, Poser I, Yeger-Lotem E, Rosa A, Alberti S, Rota R, Ben-Zvi A, Sawarkar R, Carra S. Small heat-shock protein HSPB3 promotes myogenesis by regulating the lamin B receptor. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:452. [PMID: 33958580 PMCID: PMC8102500 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
One of the critical events that regulates muscle cell differentiation is the replacement of the lamin B receptor (LBR)-tether with the lamin A/C (LMNA)-tether to remodel transcription and induce differentiation-specific genes. Here, we report that localization and activity of the LBR-tether are crucially dependent on the muscle-specific chaperone HSPB3 and that depletion of HSPB3 prevents muscle cell differentiation. We further show that HSPB3 binds to LBR in the nucleoplasm and maintains it in a dynamic state, thus promoting the transcription of myogenic genes, including the genes to remodel the extracellular matrix. Remarkably, HSPB3 overexpression alone is sufficient to induce the differentiation of two human muscle cell lines, LHCNM2 cells, and rhabdomyosarcoma cells. We also show that mutant R116P-HSPB3 from a myopathy patient with chromatin alterations and muscle fiber disorganization, forms nuclear aggregates that immobilize LBR. We find that R116P-HSPB3 is unable to induce myoblast differentiation and instead activates the unfolded protein response. We propose that HSPB3 is a specialized chaperone engaged in muscle cell differentiation and that dysfunctional HSPB3 causes neuromuscular disease by deregulating LBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Tiago
- Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Barbara Hummel
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Federica F Morelli
- Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina Basile
- Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Jonathan Vinet
- Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Veronica Galli
- Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Mediani
- Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Antoniani
- Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Pomella
- Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Cassandri
- Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Garone
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Silvestri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cimino
- Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cenacchi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Centre for Applied Biomedical Research - CRBA, University of Bologna, IRCCS St. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Costa
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Centre for Applied Biomedical Research - CRBA, University of Bologna, IRCCS St. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Ina Poser
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Dewpoint Therapeutics GmbH, Tatzberg 47, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Esti Yeger-Lotem
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Alessandro Rosa
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Simon Alberti
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rossella Rota
- Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Anat Ben-Zvi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Ritwick Sawarkar
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
- Medical Research Council (MRC), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Serena Carra
- Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy.
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10
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Shemesh N, Jubran J, Dror S, Simonovsky E, Basha O, Argov C, Hekselman I, Abu-Qarn M, Vinogradov E, Mauer O, Tiago T, Carra S, Ben-Zvi A, Yeger-Lotem E. The landscape of molecular chaperones across human tissues reveals a layered architecture of core and variable chaperones. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2180. [PMID: 33846299 PMCID: PMC8042005 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensitivity of the protein-folding environment to chaperone disruption can be highly tissue-specific. Yet, the organization of the chaperone system across physiological human tissues has received little attention. Through computational analyses of large-scale tissue transcriptomes, we unveil that the chaperone system is composed of core elements that are uniformly expressed across tissues, and variable elements that are differentially expressed to fit with tissue-specific requirements. We demonstrate via a proteomic analysis that the muscle-specific signature is functional and conserved. Core chaperones are significantly more abundant across tissues and more important for cell survival than variable chaperones. Together with variable chaperones, they form tissue-specific functional networks. Analysis of human organ development and aging brain transcriptomes reveals that these functional networks are established in development and decline with age. In this work, we expand the known functional organization of de novo versus stress-inducible eukaryotic chaperones into a layered core-variable architecture in multi-cellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netta Shemesh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Juman Jubran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Shiran Dror
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Eyal Simonovsky
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Omer Basha
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Chanan Argov
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Idan Hekselman
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Mehtap Abu-Qarn
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ekaterina Vinogradov
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Omry Mauer
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Tatiana Tiago
- Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Serena Carra
- Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Anat Ben-Zvi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Esti Yeger-Lotem
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
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11
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Remer I, Shaashoua R, Shemesh N, Ben-Zvi A, Bilenca A. High-sensitivity and high-specificity biomechanical imaging by stimulated Brillouin scattering microscopy. Nat Methods 2020; 17:913-916. [PMID: 32747769 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-020-0882-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Label-free, non-contact imaging with mechanical contrast and optical sectioning is a substantial challenge in microscopy. Spontaneous Brillouin scattering microscopy meets this challenge, but encounters a trade-off between acquisition speed and the specificity for biomechanical constituents with overlapping Brillouin bands. Stimulated Brillouin scattering microscopy overcomes this trade-off and enables the cross-sectional imaging of live Caenorhabditis elegans at the organ and subcellular levels, with both elasticity and viscosity contrasts at high specificity and with practical recording times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Remer
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel. .,Agilent Research Laboratories, Petach Tikva, Israel.
| | - Roni Shaashoua
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
| | - Netta Shemesh
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Anat Ben-Zvi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Alberto Bilenca
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel. .,Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel.
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12
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Abstract
Correct folding and assembly of proteins and protein complexes are essential for cellular function. Cells employ quality control pathways that correct, sequester or eliminate damaged proteins to maintain a healthy proteome, thus ensuring cellular proteostasis and preventing further protein damage. Because of redundant functions within the proteostasis network, screening for detectable phenotypes using knockdown or mutations in chaperone-encoding genes in the multicellular organism Caenorhabditis elegans results in the detection of minor or no phenotypes in most cases. We have developed a targeted screening strategy to identify chaperones required for a specific function and thus bridge the gap between phenotype and function. Specifically, we monitor novel chaperone interactions using RNAi synthetic interaction screens, knocking-down chaperone expression, one chaperone at a time, in animals carrying a mutation in a chaperone-encoding gene or over-expressing a chaperone of interest. By disrupting two chaperones that individually present no gross phenotype, we can identify chaperones that aggravate or expose a specific phenotype when both perturbed. We demonstrate that this approach can identify specific sets of chaperones that function together to modulate the folding of a protein or protein complexes associated with a given phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiran Dror
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev;
| | - Tomer D Meidan
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
| | - Ido Karady
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
| | - Anat Ben-Zvi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
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13
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Shpigel N, Shemesh N, Kishner M, Ben-Zvi A. Dietary restriction and gonadal signaling differentially regulate post-development quality control functions in Caenorhabditis elegans. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12891. [PMID: 30648346 PMCID: PMC6413660 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein homeostasis is remodeled early in Caenorhabditis elegans adulthood, resulting in a sharp decline in folding capacity and reduced ability to cope with chronic and acute stress. Endocrine signals from the reproductive system can ameliorate this proteostatic collapse and reshape the quality control network. Given that environmental conditions, such as food availability, impact reproductive success, we asked whether conditions of dietary restriction (DR) can also reverse the decline in quality control function at the transition to adulthood, and if so, whether gonadal signaling and dietary signaling remodel the quality control network in a similar or different manner. For this, we employed the eat-2 genetic model and bacterial deprivation protocol. We found that animals under DR maintained heat shock response activation and high protein folding capacity during adulthood. However, while gonadal signaling required DAF-16, DR-associated rescue of quality control functions required the antagonistic transcription factor, PQM-1. Bioinformatic analyses supported a role for DAF-16 in acute stress responses and a role for PQM-1 in cellular maintenance and chronic stress. Comparing the stress activation and folding capacities of dietary- and gonadal-signaling mutant animals confirmed this prediction and demonstrated that each differentially impacts cellular quality control capabilities. These data suggest that the functional mode of cellular quality control networks can be differentially remodeled, affecting an organism's ability to respond to acute and chronic stresses during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nufar Shpigel
- Department of Life Sciences, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Beer Sheva Israel
| | - Netta Shemesh
- Department of Life Sciences, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Beer Sheva Israel
| | - Mor Kishner
- Department of Life Sciences, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Beer Sheva Israel
| | - Anat Ben-Zvi
- Department of Life Sciences, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Beer Sheva Israel
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14
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Abstract
A new mechanism for clearing protein damage from maturing oocytes has been described in a recent study by Bohnert and Kenyon (2017), who demonstrated that sperm-secreted hormones activate a vascular H+-ATPase pump that acidifies lysosomes and thus restores protein homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netta Shemesh
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Anat Ben-Zvi
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel.
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15
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Shemesh N, Meshnik L, Shpigel N, Ben-Zvi A. Dietary-Induced Signals That Activate the Gonadal Longevity Pathway during Development Regulate a Proteostasis Switch in Caenorhabditis elegans Adulthood. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:254. [PMID: 28848390 PMCID: PMC5552676 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-non-autonomous signals dictate the functional state of cellular quality control systems, remodeling the ability of cells to cope with stress and maintain protein homeostasis (proteostasis). One highly regulated cell-non-autonomous switch controls proteostatic capacity in Caenorhabditis elegans adulthood. Signals from the reproductive system down-regulate cyto-protective pathways, unless countered by signals reporting on germline proliferation disruption. Here, we utilized dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) that depletes the C. elegans germline to ask when cell-non-autonomous signals from the reproductive system determine somatic proteostasis and whether such regulation is reversible. We found that diet supplementation of DGLA resulted in the maintenance of somatic proteostasis after the onset of reproduction. DGLA-dependent proteostasis remodeling was only effective if animals were exposed to DGLA during larval development. A short exposure of 16 h during the second to fourth larval stages was sufficient and required to maintain somatic proteostasis in adulthood but not to extend lifespan. The reproductive system was required for DGLA-dependent remodeling of proteostasis in adulthood, likely via DGLA-dependent disruption of germline stem cells. However, arachidonic acid (AA), a somatic regulator of this pathway that does not require the reproductive system, presented similar regulatory timing. Finally, we showed that DGLA- and AA-supplementation led to activation of the gonadal longevity pathway but presented differential regulatory timing. Proteostasis and stress response regulators, including hsf-1 and daf-16, were only activated if exposed to DGLA and AA during development, while other gonadal longevity factors did not show this regulatory timing. We propose that C. elegans determines its proteostatic fate during development and is committed to either reproduction, and thus present restricted proteostasis, or survival, and thus present robust proteostasis. Given the critical role of proteostatic networks in the onset and progression of many aging-related diseases, such a choice could impact susceptibility to protein misfolding diseases later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netta Shemesh
- Department of Life Sciences, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the NegevBen-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Lana Meshnik
- Department of Life Sciences, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the NegevBen-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Nufar Shpigel
- Department of Life Sciences, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the NegevBen-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Anat Ben-Zvi
- Department of Life Sciences, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the NegevBen-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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16
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Shemesh N, Shai N, Meshnik L, Katalan R, Ben-Zvi A. Uncoupling the Trade-Off between Somatic Proteostasis and Reproduction in Caenorhabditis elegans Models of Polyglutamine Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:101. [PMID: 28503130 PMCID: PMC5409330 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans somatic protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is actively remodeled at the onset of reproduction. This proteostatic collapse is regulated cell-nonautonomously by signals from the reproductive system that transmit the commitment to reproduction to somatic cells. Here, we asked whether the link between the reproductive system and somatic proteostasis could be uncoupled by activating downstream effectors in the gonadal longevity cascade. Specifically, we examined whether over-expression of lipl-4 (lipl-4(oe)), a target gene of the gonadal longevity pathway, or increase in arachidonic acid (AA) levels, associated with lipl-4(oe), modulated proteostasis and reproduction. We found that lipl-4(oe) rescued somatic proteostasis and postponed the onset of aggregation and toxicity in C. elegans models of polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases. However, lipl-4(oe) also disrupted fatty acid transport into developing oocytes and reduced reproductive success. In contrast, diet supplementation of AA recapitulated lipl-4(oe)-mediated proteostasis enhancement in wild type animals but did not affect the reproductive system. Thus, the gonadal longevity pathway mediates a trade-off between somatic maintenance and reproduction, in part by regulating the expression of genes, such as lipl-4, with inverse effects on somatic maintenance and reproduction. We propose that AA could uncouple such germline to soma crosstalk, with beneficial implications protein misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netta Shemesh
- Department of Life Sciences, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer Sheva, Israel
| | - Nadav Shai
- Department of Life Sciences, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer Sheva, Israel
| | - Lana Meshnik
- Department of Life Sciences, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer Sheva, Israel
| | - Rotem Katalan
- Department of Life Sciences, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer Sheva, Israel
| | - Anat Ben-Zvi
- Department of Life Sciences, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer Sheva, Israel
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17
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Smoly I, Shemesh N, Ziv-Ukelson M, Ben-Zvi A, Yeger-Lotem E. An Asymmetrically Balanced Organization of Kinases versus Phosphatases across Eukaryotes Determines Their Distinct Impacts. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005221. [PMID: 28135269 PMCID: PMC5279721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation underlies cellular response pathways across eukaryotes and is governed by the opposing actions of phosphorylating kinases and de-phosphorylating phosphatases. While kinases and phosphatases have been extensively studied, their organization and the mechanisms by which they balance each other are not well understood. To address these questions we performed quantitative analyses of large-scale 'omics' datasets from yeast, fly, plant, mouse and human. We uncovered an asymmetric balance of a previously-hidden scale: Each organism contained many different kinase genes, and these were balanced by a small set of highly abundant phosphatase proteins. Kinases were much more responsive to perturbations at the gene and protein levels. In addition, kinases had diverse scales of phenotypic impact when manipulated. Phosphatases, in contrast, were stable, highly robust and flatly organized, with rather uniform impact downstream. We validated aspects of this organization experimentally in nematode, and supported additional aspects by theoretic analysis of the dynamics of protein phosphorylation. Our analyses explain the empirical bias in the protein phosphorylation field toward characterization and therapeutic targeting of kinases at the expense of phosphatases. We show quantitatively and broadly that this is not only a historical bias, but stems from wide-ranging differences in their organization and impact. The asymmetric balance between these opposing regulators of protein phosphorylation is also common to opposing regulators of two other post-translational modification systems, suggesting its fundamental value. Protein phosphorylation is a reversible modification that underlies cellular responses to stimuli across organisms. Historically, the study of protein phosphorylation concentrated on the role of kinases, which introduce the phosphate, at the expense of phosphatases, which remove it. Many kinases have been associated with specific phenotypes and considered attractive drug targets, while phosphatases remained far less characterized. It has been unclear whether this discrepancy is due to historical biases or reflects real systemic differences between these enzymes. By analyzing large-scale ‘omics’ datasets across genes, transcripts, proteins, interactions, and organisms, we uncovered an asymmetric architecture of kinases versus phosphatases that balances between them, determines their distinct impact patterns, and affects their therapeutic potential. This architecture is conserved from yeast to human and is partially shared by two other protein modification systems, suggesting it is a general feature of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Smoly
- Department of Computer Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Netta Shemesh
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Michal Ziv-Ukelson
- Department of Computer Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Anat Ben-Zvi
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Esti Yeger-Lotem
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- * E-mail:
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18
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Amara N, Gregor R, Rayo J, Dandela R, Daniel E, Liubin N, Willems HME, Ben-Zvi A, Krom BP, Meijler MM. Cover Picture: Fine-Tuning Covalent Inhibition of Bacterial Quorum Sensing (ChemBioChem 9/2016). Chembiochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neri Amara
- Department of Chemistry and; The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Be'er Sheva Israel
| | - Rachel Gregor
- Department of Chemistry and; The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Be'er Sheva Israel
| | - Josep Rayo
- Department of Chemistry and; The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Be'er Sheva Israel
| | - Rambabu Dandela
- Department of Chemistry and; The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Be'er Sheva Israel
| | - Erik Daniel
- Department of Chemistry and; The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Be'er Sheva Israel
| | - Nina Liubin
- Department of Life Sciences and; The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Beersheva Israel
| | - H. Marjo E. Willems
- Department of Preventive Dentistry; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam; Free University Amsterdam and the University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Anat Ben-Zvi
- Department of Life Sciences and; The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Beersheva Israel
| | - Bastiaan P. Krom
- Department of Preventive Dentistry; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam; Free University Amsterdam and the University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Michael M. Meijler
- Department of Chemistry and; The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Be'er Sheva Israel
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19
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Amara N, Gregor R, Rayo J, Dandela R, Daniel E, Liubin N, Willems HME, Ben-Zvi A, Krom BP, Meijler MM. Fine-Tuning Covalent Inhibition of Bacterial Quorum Sensing. Chembiochem 2016; 17:825-35. [PMID: 26840534 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Emerging antibiotic resistance among human pathogens has galvanized efforts to find alternative routes to combat bacterial virulence. One new approach entails interfering with the ability of bacteria to coordinate population-wide gene expression, or quorum sensing (QS), thus inhibiting the production of virulence factors and biofilm formation. We have recently developed such a strategy by targeting LasR, the master regulator of QS in the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, through the rational design of covalent inhibitors closely based on the core structure of the native ligand. We now report several groups of new inhibitors, one of which, fluoro-substituted ITC-12, displayed complete covalent modification of LasR, as well as effective QS inhibition in vitro and promising in vivo results. In addition to their potential clinical relevance, this series of synthetic QS modulators can be used as a tool to further unravel the complicated QS regulation in P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neri Amara
- Department of Chemistry and, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Rachel Gregor
- Department of Chemistry and, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Josep Rayo
- Department of Chemistry and, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Rambabu Dandela
- Department of Chemistry and, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Erik Daniel
- Department of Chemistry and, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Nina Liubin
- Department of Life Sciences and, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel
| | - H Marjo E Willems
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Free University Amsterdam and the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anat Ben-Zvi
- Department of Life Sciences and, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel
| | - Bastiaan P Krom
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Free University Amsterdam and the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael M Meijler
- Department of Chemistry and, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
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20
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Valenci I, Yonai L, Bar-Yaacov D, Mishmar D, Ben-Zvi A. Parkin modulates heteroplasmy of truncated mtDNA in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mitochondrion 2014; 20:64-70. [PMID: 25462019 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkin, which is mutated in most recessive Parkinsonism, is a key player in the selective removal of damaged mitochondria via mitophagy. Damaged mitochondria may carry mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, thus creating a mixed mtDNA population within cells (heteroplasmy). It was previously shown that Parkin over-expression reduced the level of heteroplasmic mutations that alter mitochondrial membrane potential in human cytoplasmic hybrids. However, it remained unclear whether Parkin serves a similar role at the entire living organism, and whether this role is evolutionarily conserved. Here, we show that mutation in the Caenorhabditis elegans orthologue of Parkin (pdr-1) modulates the level of a large heteroplasmic mtDNA truncation. Massive parallel sequencing revealed that the mtDNAs of C. elegans wild type and pdr-1(gk448) mutant strains were virtually deprived of heteroplasmy, thus reflecting strong negative selection against dysfunctional mitochondria. Therefore, our findings show that the role of Parkin in the modulation of heteroplasmy is conserved between human and worm and raise the interesting possibility that mitophagy modulates the striking lack of heteroplasmy in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Valenci
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel; The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Lital Yonai
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel; The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Dan Bar-Yaacov
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Dan Mishmar
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Anat Ben-Zvi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel; The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel.
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21
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Frumkin A, Dror S, Pokrzywa W, Bar-Lavan Y, Karady I, Hoppe T, Ben-Zvi A. Challenging muscle homeostasis uncovers novel chaperone interactions in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Mol Biosci 2014; 1:21. [PMID: 25988162 PMCID: PMC4428482 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2014.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteome stability is central to cellular function and the lifespan of an organism. This is apparent in muscle cells, where incorrect folding and assembly of the sarcomere contributes to disease and aging. Apart from the myosin-assembly factor UNC-45, the complete network of chaperones involved in assembly and maintenance of muscle tissue is currently unknown. To identify additional factors required for sarcomere quality control, we performed genetic screens based on suppressed or synthetic motility defects in Caenorhabditis elegans. In addition to ethyl methyl sulfonate-based mutagenesis, we employed RNAi-mediated knockdown of candidate chaperones in unc-45 temperature-sensitive mutants and screened for impaired movement at permissive conditions. This approach confirmed the cooperation between UNC-45 and Hsp90. Moreover, the screens identified three novel co-chaperones, CeHop (STI-1), CeAha1 (C01G10.8) and Cep23 (ZC395.10), required for muscle integrity. The specific identification of Hsp90 and Hsp90 co-chaperones highlights the physiological role of Hsp90 in myosin folding. Our work thus provides a clear example of how a combination of mild perturbations to the proteostasis network can uncover specific quality control modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Frumkin
- Department of Life Sciences and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Shiran Dror
- Department of Life Sciences and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Wojciech Pokrzywa
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne Cologne, Germany ; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne Cologne, Germany
| | - Yael Bar-Lavan
- Department of Life Sciences and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ido Karady
- Department of Life Sciences and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Thorsten Hoppe
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne Cologne, Germany ; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne Cologne, Germany
| | - Anat Ben-Zvi
- Department of Life Sciences and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer Sheva, Israel
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22
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Shai N, Shemesh N, Ben-Zvi A. Remodeling of Proteostasis Upon Transition to Adulthood is Linked to Reproduction Onset. Curr Genomics 2014; 15:122-9. [PMID: 24822030 PMCID: PMC4009840 DOI: 10.2174/1389202915666140221005023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein folding and clearance networks sense and respond to misfolded and aggregation-prone proteins by activating
cytoprotective cell stress responses that safeguard the proteome against damage, maintain the health of the cell, and
enhance lifespan. Surprisingly, cellular proteostasis undergoes a sudden and widespread failure early in Caenorhabditis
elegans adulthood, with marked consequences on proteostasis functions later in life. These changes in the regulation of
quality control systems, such as chaperones, the ubiquitin proteasome system and cellular stress responses, are controlled
cell-nonautonomously by the proliferation of germline stem cells. Here, we review recent studies examining changes in
proteostasis upon transition to adulthood and how proteostasis is modulated by reproduction onset, focusing on C. elegans.
Based on these and our own findings, we propose that the regulation of quality control systems is actively remodeled
at the point of transition between development and adulthood to influence the subsequent course of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Shai
- Department of Life Sciences and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Netta Shemesh
- Department of Life Sciences and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Anat Ben-Zvi
- Department of Life Sciences and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
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23
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Feldman N, Kosolapov L, Ben-Zvi A. Fluorodeoxyuridine improves Caenorhabditis elegans proteostasis independent of reproduction onset. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85964. [PMID: 24465816 PMCID: PMC3897603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein homeostasis (proteostasis) networks are dynamic throughout the lifespan of an organism. During Caenorhabditis elegans adulthood, the maintenance of metastable proteins and the activation of stress responses are inversely associated with germline stem cell proliferation. Here, we employed the thymidylate synthase inhibitor 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FUdR) to chemically inhibit reproduction, thus allowing for examination of the interplay between reproduction and somatic proteostasis. We found that treatment with FUdR modulates proteostasis decline both before and after reproduction onset, such that effective induction of the heat shock response was maintained during adulthood and that metastable temperature-sensitive mutant phenotypes were rescued under restrictive conditions. However, FUdR treatment also improved the folding capacity of germline- and gonadogenesis-defective mutants, suggesting that proteostasis modulation by FUdR is independent of germline stem cell proliferation or inhibition of reproduction. Our data, therefore, indicate that FUdR converges on alternative regulatory signals that modulate C. elegans proteostasis capacity during development and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naama Feldman
- Department of Life Sciences and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Libby Kosolapov
- Department of Life Sciences and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Anat Ben-Zvi
- Department of Life Sciences and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- * E-mail:
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24
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Karady I, Frumkin A, Dror S, Shemesh N, Shai N, Ben-Zvi A. Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system to study protein homeostasis in a multicellular organism. J Vis Exp 2013:e50840. [PMID: 24378578 DOI: 10.3791/50840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The folding and assembly of proteins is essential for protein function, the long-term health of the cell, and longevity of the organism. Historically, the function and regulation of protein folding was studied in vitro, in isolated tissue culture cells and in unicellular organisms. Recent studies have uncovered links between protein homeostasis (proteostasis), metabolism, development, aging, and temperature-sensing. These findings have led to the development of new tools for monitoring protein folding in the model metazoan organism Caenorhabditis elegans. In our laboratory, we combine behavioral assays, imaging and biochemical approaches using temperature-sensitive or naturally occurring metastable proteins as sensors of the folding environment to monitor protein misfolding. Behavioral assays that are associated with the misfolding of a specific protein provide a simple and powerful readout for protein folding, allowing for the fast screening of genes and conditions that modulate folding. Likewise, such misfolding can be associated with protein mislocalization in the cell. Monitoring protein localization can, therefore, highlight changes in cellular folding capacity occurring in different tissues, at various stages of development and in the face of changing conditions. Finally, using biochemical tools ex vivo, we can directly monitor protein stability and conformation. Thus, by combining behavioral assays, imaging and biochemical techniques, we are able to monitor protein misfolding at the resolution of the organism, the cell, and the protein, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Karady
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
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25
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Shemesh N, Shai N, Ben-Zvi A. Germline stem cell arrest inhibits the collapse of somatic proteostasis early in Caenorhabditis elegans adulthood. Aging Cell 2013; 12:814-22. [PMID: 23734734 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
All cells rely on highly conserved protein folding and clearance pathways to detect and resolve protein damage and to maintain protein homeostasis (proteostasis). Because age is associated with an imbalance in proteostasis, there is a need to understand how protein folding is regulated in a multicellular organism that undergoes aging. We have observed that the ability of Caenorhabditis elegans to maintain proteostasis declines sharply following the onset of oocyte biomass production, suggesting that a restricted protein folding capacity may be linked to the onset of reproduction. To test this hypothesis, we monitored the effects of different sterile mutations on the maintenance of proteostasis in the soma of C. elegans. We found that germline stem cell (GSC) arrest rescued protein quality control, resulting in maintenance of robust proteostasis in different somatic tissues of adult animals. We further demonstrated that GSC-dependent modulation of proteostasis requires several different signaling pathways, including hsf-1 and daf-16/kri-1/tcer-1, daf-12, daf-9, daf-36, nhr-80, and pha-4 that differentially modulate somatic quality control functions, such that each signaling pathway affects different aspects of proteostasis and cannot functionally complement the other pathways. We propose that the effect of GSCs on the collapse of proteostasis at the transition to adulthood is due to a switch mechanism that links GSC status with maintenance of somatic proteostasis via regulation of the expression and function of different quality control machineries and cellular stress responses that progressively lead to a decline in the maintenance of proteostasis in adulthood, thereby linking reproduction to the maintenance of the soma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netta Shemesh
- Department of Life Sciences and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Beer Sheva 84105; Israel
| | - Nadav Shai
- Department of Life Sciences and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Beer Sheva 84105; Israel
| | - Anat Ben-Zvi
- Department of Life Sciences and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Beer Sheva 84105; Israel
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26
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Eremenko E, Ben-Zvi A, Morozova-Roche LA, Raveh D. Aggregation of human S100A8 and S100A9 amyloidogenic proteins perturbs proteostasis in a yeast model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58218. [PMID: 23483999 PMCID: PMC3590125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid aggregates of the calcium-binding EF-hand proteins, S100A8 and S100A9, have been found in the corpora amylacea of patients with prostate cancer and may play a role in carcinogenesis. Here we present a novel model system using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to study human S100A8 and S100A9 aggregation and toxicity. We found that S100A8, S100A9 and S100A8/9 cotransfomants form SDS-resistant non-toxic aggregates in yeast cells. Using fluorescently tagged proteins, we showed that S100A8 and S100A9 accumulate in foci. After prolonged induction, S100A8 foci localized to the cell vacuole, whereas the S100A9 foci remained in the cytoplasm when present alone, but entered the vacuole in cotransformants. Biochemical analysis of the proteins indicated that S100A8 and S100A9 alone or coexpressed together form amyloid-like aggregates in yeast. Expression of S100A8 and S100A9 in wild type yeast did not affect cell viability, but these proteins were toxic when expressed on a background of unrelated metastable temperature-sensitive mutant proteins, Cdc53-1p, Cdc34-2p, Srp1-31p and Sec27-1p. This finding suggests that the expression and aggregation of S100A8 and S100A9 may limit the capacity of the cellular proteostasis machinery. To test this hypothesis, we screened a set of chaperone deletion mutants and found that reducing the levels of the heat-shock proteins Hsp104p and Hsp70p was sufficient to induce S100A8 and S100A9 toxicity. This result indicates that the chaperone activity of the Hsp104/Hsp70 bi-chaperone system in wild type cells is sufficient to reduce S100A8 and S100A9 amyloid toxicity and preserve cellular proteostasis. Expression of human S100A8 and S100A9 in yeast thus provides a novel model system for the study of the interaction of amyloid deposits with the proteostasis machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Eremenko
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Anat Ben-Zvi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- * E-mail: (AB); (DR)
| | | | - Dina Raveh
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- * E-mail: (AB); (DR)
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27
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Abstract
The long-term health of all metazoan cells is linked to protein quality control, which is achieved by proteostasis, a complex network of molecular interactions that determines the health of the proteome under physiological or stress conditions. Studying the regulation of cellular proteostasis in the context of the whole organism has unraveled multiple layers of cell-nonautonomous regulation, including neuronal regulation, cell-to-cell stress signals and endocrine signaling that affect growth, development and aging. Here, we discuss emerging concepts in cell-nonautonomous regulation of protein quality control networks. The identification of organismal modulators of cellular proteostasis may present novel, yet general targets for misfolding disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Bar-Lavan
- Department of Life Sciences and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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28
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De la Hoz Siegler H, McCaffrey WC, Burrell RE, Ben-Zvi A. Optimization of microalgal productivity using an adaptive, non-linear model based strategy. Bioresour Technol 2012; 104:537-546. [PMID: 22119433 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The optimization of biomass and oil productivities in heterotrophic cultures of Auxenochlorella protothecoides was achieved using a non-linear model-based approach. A 10-fold increase in the average biomass productivity, and a 16-fold increase in the maximum productivity, was observed with respect to batch cultures as a result of the proposed optimization strategy. Final cell density in the optimized culture was 144 g/L (dry weight), with 49.4%w/w oil content. Maximum lipid productivity was 20.16 g/L d, achieved during the exponential growth phase at an average cell density of 86 g/L. Lipid productivity in the optimized microalgal culture was higher than previously reported values for other oleaginous microorganisms. Oil composition analysis showed that the oil has a high quality as biodiesel precursor. The higher productivity and excellent lipid profile of the optimized microalgal culture make A. protothecoides an exceptional source for biodiesel production and a potential source of single cell oil for other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H De la Hoz Siegler
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada T6G 2V4
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29
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De la Hoz Siegler H, Ben-Zvi A, Burrell RE, McCaffrey WC. The dynamics of heterotrophic algal cultures. Bioresour Technol 2011; 102:5764-5774. [PMID: 21377360 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the time varying characteristics of microalgal cultures are investigated. Microalgae are a promising source of biofuels and other valuable chemicals; a better understanding of their dynamic behavior is, however, required to facilitate process scale-up, optimization and control. Growth and oil production rates are evaluated as a function of carbon and nitrogen sources concentration. It is found that nitrogen has a major role in controlling the productivity of microalgae. Moreover, it is shown that there exists a nitrogen source concentration at which biomass and oil production can be maximized. A mathematical model that describes the effect of nitrogen and carbon source on growth and oil production is proposed. The model considers the uncoupling between nutrient uptake and growth, a characteristic of algal cells. Validity of the proposed model is tested on fed-batch cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- H De la Hoz Siegler
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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30
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31
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Hinault MP, Ben-Zvi A, Goloubinoff P. Chaperones and proteases: cellular fold-controlling factors of proteins in neurodegenerative diseases and aging. J Mol Neurosci 2007; 30:249-65. [PMID: 17401151 DOI: 10.1385/jmn:30:3:249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 11/30/1999] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The formation of toxic protein aggregates is a common denominator to many neurodegenerative diseases and aging. Accumulation of toxic, possibly infectious protein aggregates induces a cascade of events, such as excessive inflammation, the production of reactive oxygen species, apoptosis and neuronal loss. A network of highly conserved molecular chaperones and of chaperone-related proteases controls the fold-quality of proteins in the cell. Most molecular chaperones can passively prevent protein aggregation by binding misfolding intermediates. Some molecular chaperones and chaperone-related proteases, such as the proteasome, can also hydrolyse ATP to forcefully convert stable harmful protein aggregates into harmless natively refoldable, or protease-degradable, polypeptides. Molecular chaperones and chaperone-related proteases thus control the delicate balance between natively folded functional proteins and aggregation-prone misfolded proteins, which may form during the lifetime and lead to cell death. Abundant data now point at the molecular chaperones and the proteases as major clearance mechanisms to remove toxic protein aggregates from cells, delaying the onset and the outcome of protein-misfolding diseases. Therapeutic approaches include treatments and drugs that can specifically induce and sustain a strong chaperone and protease activity in cells and tissues prone to toxic protein aggregations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pierre Hinault
- DBMV, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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32
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Friedler E, Kovalio R, Ben-Zvi A. Comparative study of the microbial quality of greywater treated by three on-site treatment systems. Environ Technol 2006; 27:653-63. [PMID: 16865921 DOI: 10.1080/09593332708618674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper analyses the performance of a pilot scale treatment plant, treating light domestic greywater. The treatment included three parallel treatment units: stand-alone sand filtration (SFEB), RBC followed by sand filtration (SFRBC), and an MBR equipped with UF membranes (MBR). The performance of the SFEB unit was rather poor. The RBC and MBR units produced effluent of excellent quality, with COD of 42 and 40 mg l(-1), BOD of 1.8 and 1.1 mg l(-1), and turbidity of 0.6 and 0.2 NTU respectively. The SFEB failed to remove heterotrophic microorganisms (HPC), while the SFRBC and the MBR exhibited 2.1 and 3.6 logs removal, leading to effluent concentrations of 1.1 x 10(3) and 8.8 x 10(3) cfu ml(-1) respectively. Faecal coliforms (FC) counts were 3.4 x 10(5) 1.4 x 10(5) 1.1 x 10(3) and 3.5 x 10(2) cfu 100 ml(-1) in raw greywater, and in the SFEB, SFRBC and MBR effluents respectively. Further, in 60% of the samples no FC were detected in the MBR effluent. In order to simulate residence times in full scale systems, effluents were disinfected and stored for 0.5 h, 3 h, 6 h (normal operation), and one week (extreme event). The average chlorine demand was 8.1, 3.8 and 2.9 mg l(-1) for SFEB, SFRBC and MBR effluents respectively. Low residual chlorine (0.15-0.22 mg l(-1)) remained in all effluents even after a week-long storage. Disinfection reduced HPC by 5, 2 and 2 orders of magnitude in the SFEB, SFRBC and MBR effluents respectively, with no regrowth in short contact times (up to 6 hours). Some regrowth was observed after a week-long storage leading to 10(6), 10(4) and 10(3) cfu ml(-1) (SFEB SFRBC and MBR respectively). Disinfection reduced FC counts in all three types of effluent to 0 cfu 100 ml(-1), whilst no FC regrowth was observed after week-long storage. The results show that both RBC and MBR treatment units are viable options for on-site greywater reuse. The disinfection experiments strongly indicate that the health risk associated with the reuse of these effluents is minimal even after long period of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Friedler
- Division of Environmental, Water and Agricultural Engineering. Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel
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33
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De Los Rios P, Ben-Zvi A, Slutsky O, Azem A, Goloubinoff P. Hsp70 chaperones accelerate protein translocation and the unfolding of stable protein aggregates by entropic pulling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:6166-71. [PMID: 16606842 PMCID: PMC1458849 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0510496103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp70s are highly conserved ATPase molecular chaperones mediating the correct folding of de novo synthesized proteins, the translocation of proteins across membranes, the disassembly of some native protein oligomers, and the active unfolding and disassembly of stress-induced protein aggregates. Here, we bring thermodynamic arguments and biochemical evidences for a unifying mechanism named entropic pulling, based on entropy loss due to excluded-volume effects, by which Hsp70 molecules can convert the energy of ATP hydrolysis into a force capable of accelerating the local unfolding of various protein substrates and, thus, perform disparate cellular functions. By means of entropic pulling, individual Hsp70 molecules can accelerate unfolding and pulling of translocating polypeptides into mitochondria in the absence of a molecular fulcrum, thus settling former contradictions between the power-stroke and the Brownian ratchet models for Hsp70-mediated protein translocation across membranes. Moreover, in a very different context devoid of membrane and components of the import pore, the same physical principles apply to the forceful unfolding, solubilization, and assisted native refolding of stable protein aggregates by individual Hsp70 molecules, thus providing a mechanism for Hsp70-mediated protein disaggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo De Los Rios
- *Laboratoire de Biophysique Statistique, ITP-SB, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
| | - Anat Ben-Zvi
- Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3500
| | - Olga Slutsky
- Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; and
| | - Abdussalam Azem
- Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; and
| | - Pierre Goloubinoff
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Department of Vegetal and Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
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Abstract
Numerous human diseases are associated with the chronic expression of misfolded and aggregation-prone proteins. The expansion of polyglutamine residues in unrelated proteins is associated with the early onset of neurodegenerative disease. To understand how the presence of misfolded proteins leads to cellular dysfunction, we employed Caenorhabditis elegans polyglutamine aggregation models. Here, we find that polyglutamine expansions disrupted the global balance of protein folding quality control, resulting in the loss of function of diverse metastable proteins with destabilizing temperature-sensitive mutations. In turn, these proteins, although innocuous under normal physiological conditions, enhanced the aggregation of polyglutamine proteins. Thus, weak folding mutations throughout the genome can function as modifiers of polyglutamine phenotypes and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Gidalevitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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Ben-Zvi A, De Los Rios P, Dietler G, Goloubinoff P. Active solubilization and refolding of stable protein aggregates by cooperative unfolding action of individual hsp70 chaperones. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:37298-303. [PMID: 15201275 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m405627200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp70 is a central molecular chaperone that passively prevents protein aggregation and uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to solubilize, translocate, and mediate the proper refolding of proteins in the cell. Yet, the molecular mechanism by which the active Hsp70 chaperone functions are achieved remains unclear. Here, we show that the bacterial Hsp70 (DnaK) can actively unfold misfolded structures in aggregated polypeptides, leading to gradual disaggregation. We found that the specific unfolding and disaggregation activities of individual DnaK molecules were optimal for large aggregates but dramatically decreased for small aggregates. The active unfolding of the smallest aggregates, leading to proper global refolding, required the cooperative action of several DnaK molecules per misfolded polypeptide. This finding suggests that the unique ATP-fueled locking/unlocking mechanism of the Hsp70 chaperones can recruit random chaperone motions to locally unfold misfolded structures and gradually disentangle stable aggregates into refoldable proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Ben-Zvi
- Départment de Biologie Moléculaire Végétale, Université de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Mumcuoglu KY, Gat Z, Horowitz T, Miller J, Bar-Tana R, Ben-Zvi A, Naparstek Y. Abundance of house dust mites in relation to climate in contrasting agricultural settlements in Israel. Med Vet Entomol 1999; 13:252-258. [PMID: 10514050 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2915.1999.00149.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The correlation between climatic conditions and mite numbers in houses from rural areas was studied in 13 agricultural communities (kibbutzim and moshavim) in nine geo-climatic subregions of Israel. Mites were present in 97% of the dust samples. The average number of mites per gram of dust in the different localities ranged between 84 and 2053. The maximum number of mites (7440/g dust) was found in a carpet from a house in Geva Carmel in the northern coastal region. The most prevalent species of mites were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae, which were found in 85.6% and 71.3% of the samples, respectively. The house dust mites D. pteronyssinus, D. farinae and Euroglyphus maynei constituted 94.8% of the mites. Most of the mites were isolated from the carpets and sofas (37.0% and 33.7%, respectively), and a smaller number from beds (29.3%). The smallest number of mites (< or = 250/g dust) were found at a minimum relative humidity (RH) of 30% and lower, with a maximum temperature of 32 degrees C and higher, i.e. in the Jordan valley and Negev mountains. A greater number of mites (250-500/g dust) were found at a minimum ambient RH of 35-40% and a maximum temperature of 32 degrees C and higher, i.e. the Hula valley. A large number of mites (500-1000/g dust) were found at a minimum RH of 35-40% with a maximum temperature of 30 degrees C and lower, i.e. in the Judean and Samarian range, as well as in upper Galilee. The largest number of mites (1000-2000/g dust) was found at a minimum RH of 45% and higher, with a maximum temperature ranging between 30 and 32 degrees C. These conditions occur in the coastal strip, the coastal plain and in the Judean and Samarian foothills. A monthly examination of two houses in Zova, a kibbutz in the Judean hills next to Jerusalem, and two houses from Palmachim, a kibbutz in the coastal region, revealed that the highest prevalence of mites was found in the months April-November and May-November, respectively. In Zova, the highest number of mites were found during the months of June and July while the highest concentrations of D. pteronyssinus-antigen (Der p I) were measured during the month of September. A positive correlation between mite numbers and the quantity of Der p I in house dust was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Mumcuoglu
- Department of Parasitology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
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David M, Lubinsky-Mink S, Ben-Zvi A, Ulitzur S, Kuhn J, Suissa M. A stable Escherichia coli-Mycobacterium smegmatis plasmid shuttle vector containing the mycobacteriophage D29 origin. Plasmid 1992; 28:267-71. [PMID: 1334270 DOI: 10.1016/0147-619x(92)90059-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A plasmid shuttle vector for Escherichia coli and mycobacteria was constructed from an E. coli plasmid containing the ColE1 origin, a 2.6-kb PstI fragment from bacteriophage D29 that grows in numerous mycobacterial species, and the kanamycin resistance gene either of Tn903 or of Tn5. The resultant plasmid is 7.63 kb and can be introduced via transformation into Mycobacterium smegmatis with high efficiency. In M. smegmatis the plasmid is stable and apparently present in multiple copies. Bioluminescence (luxA and luxB of Vibrio harveyi and fischeri) has been expressed in M. smegmatis from the aminoglycoside transferase promoter of Tn5. The D29 fragment should carry an origin of replication and some associated genes that act on it since various mutations destroy the ability of this fragment to replicate in M. smegmatis. The fragment was localized on the D29 genome map.
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David M, Lubinsky-Mink S, Ben-Zvi A, Suissa M, Ulitzur S, Kuhn J. Citrate synthase from Mycobacterium smegmatis. Cloning, sequence determination and expression in Escherichia coli. Biochem J 1991; 278 ( Pt 1):225-34. [PMID: 1883331 PMCID: PMC1151472 DOI: 10.1042/bj2780225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A Mycobacterium smegmatis PstI library was constructed by cloning these fragments downstream from the lac promoter of the expression vector pHG171. Three identically sized clones were isolated by complementation of an Escherichia coli strain (chi 2338) deficient in citrate synthase. One insert (pBL265) was used in hybridization experiments with DNA from E. coli and M. smegmatis and it was demonstrated that the clones were indeed from M. smegmatis. The transcription of the M. smegmatis citrate synthase gene in E. coli relied upon the lac promoter. In translation experiments performed in vitro pBL265 gave rise to a novel protein of about 42 kDa. This band was not seen in 'opposite-orientation' subclones. Various subclones in which the 5'-end was shortened nevertheless complement E. coli chi 2338 and produce the 42 kDa protein. This demonstrates that the M. smegmatis citrate synthase gene uses its own ribosome-binding site in E. coli. The relevant 1.8 kb of the 2.8 kb insert was sequenced. A consensus E. coli ribosome-binding site was found centred precisely 10 bp upstream of the methionine codon. Other interesting features revealed by the sequence are discussed. Citrate synthase activity was assayed in vitro and the mycobacterial enzyme was found to be similar to those of the Gram-positive bacteria.
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Duke-Cohan JS, Hirt R, Rottem M, Ben-Zvi A, Rubinow A, Naor D. Use of an autologous reaction in vitro to assess contributions of T and B lymphocytes to immune hyperreactivity of atopics. Clin Exp Allergy 1989; 19:163-8. [PMID: 2787692 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1989.tb02359.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The in-vitro proliferation reaction of peripheral blood lymphocytes (measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation) to autologous pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced lymphoblasts (PWM-lymphoblast-stimulated autologous mixed leucocyte reaction, PWM.AMLR) was used as a measure of immune hyperreactivity for comparison of atopic with non-atopic individuals. Accordingly, 10/24 non-atopics responded in the PWM.AMLR, and 19/19 atopics reacting to inhaled allergens responded. Autologous stimulation was associated with release of mitogenic factors from the PWM-activated stimulating cells (2/15 non-atopics, 9/15 atopics). For non-atopics, stimulation delivered by staphylococcus A (SAC)-activated cells was similar to that delivered by PWM-induced cells, while in atopics, the SAC.AMLR was never more than 50% of the PWM.AMLR, indicating a possible T cell component. Separation by panning of the stimulation cells into lymphocyte subsets supported the notion that stimulation involved a cooperation between B and T4+ T cells. It is proposed that a positive PWM.AMLR is dependent upon an initial B cell activation followed by the PWM stimulus dependent upon a previous T cell activation, where atopics have more lymphocytes in an activated state than healthy non-atopics. Such a baseline priming may contribute to an innate sensitivity of atopics to environmental allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Duke-Cohan
- Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Hebrew University, Hadassah Hospital Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Rodrigues M, Ben-Zvi A, Krachmer J, Schermer A, Sun TT. Suprabasal expression of a 64-kilodalton keratin (no. 3) in developing human corneal epithelium. Differentiation 1987; 34:60-7. [PMID: 2440750 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.1987.tb00051.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that a basic 64-kilodalton (no. 3 in the catalog of Moll et al.) and an acidic 55-kilodalton (no. 12) keratin are characteristic of suprabasal cell layers in cultured rabbit corneal epithelial colonies, and therefore may be regarded as markers for an advanced stage of corneal epithelial differentiation. Moreover, using an AE5 mouse monoclonal antibody, we showed that the 64-kilodalton keratin marker is expressed suprabasally in limbal epithelium but uniformly (basal layer included) in central corneal epithelium, suggesting that corneal basal cells are in a more differentiated state than limbal basal cells. In conjunction with previous data implicating the centripetal migration of corneal epithelial cells, our data support a model of corneal epithelial maturation in which corneal epithelial stem cells are located in the limbus, the transitional zone between the cornea and conjunctiva. In the present study, we analyzed the expression of the 64-kilodalton keratin in developing human corneal epithelium by immunohistochemical staining. At 8 weeks of gestation, the presumptive corneal epithelium is composed of a single layer of cuboidal cells with an overlying periderm; neither of these cell layers is AE5 positive. At 12-13 weeks of gestation, some superficial cells of the three- to four-layered epithelium become AE5 positive, providing the earliest sign of overt corneal epithelial differentiation. At 36 weeks, although the epithelium is morphologically mature (four to six layers), AE5 produces a suprabasal staining pattern, this being in contrast to the adult epithelium which exhibits uniform staining.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Abstract
Actin is associated with motility, cell morphology, and cell-substrate adhesion. The molecular probe NBD phallacidin, which reacts with filamentous actin, was used to study the distribution of actin filaments in the corneal and conjunctival epithelium, stroma, and endothelium. Frozen sections of human fetal eyes from 8 weeks to 40 weeks of gestation were reacted with NBD phallacidin. Pathologic tissues included keratoplasty specimens from patients with hereditary posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy (PPMD) and surgically excised tissues removed for treatment of epithelial down-growth. Normal human cornea was used as a control. Immunofluorescent staining disclosed actin filament distribution in corneal epithelium as early as 9-10 weeks of gestation. Staining increased with maturation until term. Adult human corneal epithelium showed more pronounced staining of the surface layers. Stromal staining was more extensive in earlier stages of gestation and decreased in later stages of gestation, after 20-21 weeks. In pathologic corneas with posterior polymorphous dystrophy, there was localization of actin, as well as keratin, in the abnormal epithelial-like layers lining the posterior cornea. In epithelial downgrowth, actin and keratin were demonstrated in multilayered squamous epithelium on the anterior iris surface. Actin appears to be involved in migration of corneal epithelial and endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Ophthalmic Pathology, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A. 20892
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Ben-Zvi A, Rodrigues MM, Krachmer JH, Fujikawa LS. Immunohistochemical characterization of extracellular matrix in the developing human cornea. Curr Eye Res 1986; 5:105-17. [PMID: 3514129 DOI: 10.3109/02713688609015099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Collagen, fibronectin and laminin are important components of the extracellular matrix of the human cornea. We used the immunofluorescence technique with polyclonal antibodies directed against these proteins and to bullous pemphigoid antigen (BPA), in order to study their distribution in human corneas from 8 weeks of gestation to term and in adult corneas. Immunoreactivity was observed with antibodies to type I collagen in the limbus and the corneal stroma at 8 weeks of gestation. At 11 weeks of gestation it was found in epithelial basement membrane (EBM) and Descemet's membrane (DM) and continued thus throughout fetal and adult life. Type II collagen was not detected in fetal or adult cornea. Type III collagen was detected during 8-20th weeks of gestation in the EBM, DM and stroma. After 27th weeks of gestation, type III collagen could no longer be detected in the central cornea. Type IV collagen was detected in the EBM as early as 8 weeks of gestation and remained positive throughout fetal and adult life. Descemet's membrane was negative for type IV collagen at 8 weeks of gestation and became positive thereafter. Immunostaining for fibronectin in DM was negative at 8 weeks of gestation, followed by patchy staining of corneal stroma and EBM up to the age of 37 weeks of gestation. Staining in the EBM was negative or variable up to 70 years of age, and then became positive again in a 77 year old individual. Staining for LN was positive in the EBM after 8 weeks of gestation. Staining was negative in DM at that age, but became positive after 9 weeks of gestation. Staining for BPA was negative at 8-9 weeks of gestation, then gradually became positive.
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Birkenfeld A, Ben-Zvi A. Age associated changes in intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Clin Exp Immunol 1984; 55:651-4. [PMID: 6323074 PMCID: PMC1535917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels of isolated human peripheral blood lymphocytes show age associated changes. These changes are apparent in basal cAMP levels as well as in cAMP levels after trypsin treatment. Both cord blood lymphocytes and lymphocytes isolated from the blood of old people exhibit lower basal levels of cAMP and diminished increase in cAMP by trypsin treatment, in comparison to lymphocytes isolated from the other age groups. The results seem to indicate a low number of reactive cells and a low reactivity of the cells in the case of cord blood lymphocytes, and a decrease in number of the reactive cells without a decrease in specific reactivity of isolated lymphocytes of old people.
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Abstract
Chemotactic mediators, N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and the complement component C5a, were injected into the rabbit cornea, vitreous, and skin to induce a reaction resembling the "Arthus phenomenon." Injection of these mediators induced edema and granulocytic infiltration in the cornea, conjunctiva, and skin. These histologic changes resembled the inflammation produced by antigen (ovalbumin [OVA]) in specifically immunized rabbits. Keratitis began after two hours and subsided six hours after the injection. Conversely, the vitreous response started six hours after injection of FMLP and C5a and peaked between 24 and 48 hours. All the inflammatory reactions induced by FMLP, C5a, and rechallenge with antigen could be inhibited in varying degrees by subconjunctival injection of 0.1 mL of 10(-5)M dexamethasone, quinacrine, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA), or indomethacin, agents that suppress different sites of chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. However, only the inflammation induced by FMLP could be inhibited by carbobenzoxy-phe-met, a competitive inhibitor of FMLP.
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Ben-Zvi A, Mizel SB, Oppenheim JJ. Generation of human peripheral blood stable E-rosette-forming T cells by interleukin 1. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1981; 19:330-7. [PMID: 6788417 DOI: 10.1016/0090-1229(81)90076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Mizel SB, Ben-Zvi A. Studies on the role of lymphocyte-activating factor (Interleukin 1) in antigen-induced lymph node lymphocyte proliferation. Cell Immunol 1980; 54:382-9. [PMID: 6774815 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(80)90218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Ben-Zvi A, Russell A, Shneyour A, Trainin N. Changes in intracellular cyclic AMP levels of human peripheral blood lymphocytes in bronchial asthma. Ann Allergy 1979; 43:223-4. [PMID: 233481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral blood lymphocytes of asthmatic patients in the acute stage manifest low basal levels of cyclic AMP. These levels were higher in the lymphocytes of patients in remission than in controls. Trypsin treatment of the lymphocytes increased cyclic AMP content to almost the same additional activation site of the receptor in theophylline- and catecholamines-treated patients.
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