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Simon AA, Haye L, Alhalabi A, Gresil Q, Muñoz BM, Mornet S, Reisch A, Le Guével X, Cognet L. Expanding the Palette of SWIR Emitting Nanoparticles Based on Au Nanoclusters for Single-Particle Tracking Microscopy. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2309267. [PMID: 38639398 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Single-molecule localization microscopy has proved promising to unravel the dynamics and molecular architecture of thin biological samples down to nanoscales. For applications in complex, thick biological tissues shifting single-particle emission wavelengths to the shortwave infrared (SWIR also called NIR II) region between 900 to 2100 nm, where biological tissues are more transparent is key. To date, mainly single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) enable such applications, but they are inherently 1D objects. Here, 0D ultra-small luminescent gold nanoclusters (AuNCs, <3 nm) and ≈25 nm AuNC-loaded-polymeric particles that can be detected at the single-particle level in the SWIR are presented. Thanks to high brightness and excellent photostability, it is shown that the dynamics of the spherical polymeric particles can be followed at the single-particle level in solution at video rates for minutes. We compared single particle tracking of AuNC-loaded-polymeric particles with that of SWCNT diffusing in agarose gels demonstrating the specificity and complementarity of diffusion properties of these SWIR-emitting nano-objects when exploring a complex environment. This extends the library of photostable SWIR emitting nanomaterials to 0D nano-objects of variable size for single-molecule localization microscopy in the second biological window, opening unprecedented possibilities for mapping the structure and dynamics of complex biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apolline A Simon
- Univ. Bordeaux, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences (LP2N), UMR 5298, Talence, F-33400, France
- Institut d'Optique Graduate School & CNRS, LP2N UMR 5298, Talence, F-33400, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, Pessac, 33600, France
| | - Lucie Haye
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Abdallah Alhalabi
- University of Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM1209/CNRS-UMR5309, Grenoble, F-38700, France
| | - Quentin Gresil
- Univ. Bordeaux, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences (LP2N), UMR 5298, Talence, F-33400, France
- Institut d'Optique Graduate School & CNRS, LP2N UMR 5298, Talence, F-33400, France
| | - Blanca Martín Muñoz
- Univ. Bordeaux, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences (LP2N), UMR 5298, Talence, F-33400, France
- Institut d'Optique Graduate School & CNRS, LP2N UMR 5298, Talence, F-33400, France
| | - Stéphane Mornet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, Pessac, 33600, France
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- Inserm UMR_S 1121, CNRS EMR 7003, Université de Strasbourg, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Xavier Le Guével
- University of Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM1209/CNRS-UMR5309, Grenoble, F-38700, France
| | - Laurent Cognet
- Univ. Bordeaux, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences (LP2N), UMR 5298, Talence, F-33400, France
- Institut d'Optique Graduate School & CNRS, LP2N UMR 5298, Talence, F-33400, France
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Combes A, Rieb C, Haye L, Klymchenko AS, Serra CA, Reisch A. Mixing versus Polymer Chemistry in the Synthesis of Loaded Polymer Nanoparticles through Nanoprecipitation. Langmuir 2023; 39:16532-16542. [PMID: 37955543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with drugs and contrast agents have become key tools in the advancement of nanomedicine, requiring robust technologies for their synthesis. Nanoprecipitation is a particularly interesting technique for the assembly of loaded polymer NPs, which is well-known to proceed under kinetic control, with a strong influence of the assembly conditions. On the other hand, the nature of the used polymer also influences the outcome of nanoprecipitation. Here, we investigated systematically the relative effects of mixing of the organic and aqueous phases and polymer chemistry on the formation of polymer nanocarriers. For this, two mixing schemes, manual mixing and microfluidic mixing using an impact-jet micromixer, were first evaluated, showing mixing times of several tens of milliseconds and a few milliseconds, respectively. Copolymers of ethyl methacrylate with charged and hydrophilic groups and different polyesters (poly(d-l-lactide-co-glycolide) and poly(lactic acid)) were combined with a fluorescent dye salt and tested for particle assembly using these "slow" and "fast" mixing methods. Our results showed that in the case of the most hydrophobic polymers, the speed of mixing had no significant influence on the size and loading of the formed NPs. In contrast, in the case of less hydrophobic polymers, faster mixing led to smaller NPs with better encapsulation. The switch between mixing and polymer-controlled assembly was directly correlated to the solubility limit of the polymers in acetonitrile-water mixtures, with a critical point for solubility limits between 15 and 20 vol % of water. Our results provide simple guidelines on how to evaluate the possible influence of polymer chemistry and mixing on the formation of loaded NPs, opening the way to fine-tune their properties and optimize their large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Combes
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Corentin Rieb
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Lucie Haye
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Christophe A Serra
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR 22, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021, Strasbourg F-67000, France
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Biomatériaux et Bioingénierie, UMR_S 1121, Strasbourg F-67000, France
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3
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Abstract
Brightness is a fundamental property of fluorescent nanomaterials reflecting their capacity to absorb and emit light. In sensing materials, brightness is crucial for high-sensitivity (bio)molecular detection, while in optical bioimaging it ensures high spatial and temporal resolution. Fluorescent organic nanoparticles (NPs) are particularly attractive because of their superior brightness compared to organic dyes. With the ever-growing diversity of organic nanomaterials, it is important to establish universal principles for measuring and estimating their brightness. This tutorial review provides definitions of brightness and describes the major approaches to its analysis based on ensemble and single-particle techniques. We present the current chemical approaches to fight Aggregation-Caused Quenching (ACQ) of fluorophores, which is a major challenge in the design of bright organic nanomaterials. The main classes of fluorescent organic NPs are described, including conjugated polymer NPs, aggregation-induced emission NPs, and NPs based on neutral and ionic dyes. Their brightness and other properties are systematically compared. Some brightest examples of bulk solid-state emissive organic materials are also mentioned. Finally, we analyse the importance of brightness and other particle properties in biological applications, such as bioimaging and biosensing. This tutorial will provide guidelines for chemists on the design of fluorescent organic NPs with improved performance and help them to estimate and compare the brightness of new nanomaterials with literature reports. Moreover, it will help biologists to select appropriate materials for sensing and imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anila Hoskere Ashoka
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France.
| | - Ilya O Aparin
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France.
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France.
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France.
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Biswas DS, Gaki P, Da Silva EC, Combes A, Reisch A, Didier P, Klymchenko AS. Long-range Energy Transfer Between Dye-loaded Nanoparticles: Observation and Amplified Detection of Nucleic Acids. Adv Mater 2023:e2301402. [PMID: 37073109 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is essential in optical materials for light-harvesting, photovoltaics and biosensing, but its operating range is fundamentally limited by the Förster radius of ∼5 nm. Here, FRET between fluorescent organic nanoparticles (NPs) is studied for the first time in order to break this limit. The donor and acceptor NPs are built from charged hydrophobic polymers loaded with cationic dyes and bulky hydrophobic counterions. Their surface is functionalized with DNA in order to control surface-to-surface distance. It is found that the FRET efficiency does not follow the canonic Förster law, reaching 0.70 and 0.45 values for NP-NP distance of 15 and 20 nm, respectively. This corresponds to the FRET efficiency decay as power four of the surface-to-surface NP-NP distance. Based on this long-distance FRET, a DNA nanoprobe is developed, where a target DNA fragment, encoding cancer marker survivin, brings together donor and acceptor NPs at ∼15 nm distance. In this nanoprobe, a single molecular recognition results in unprecedented color switch for >5000 dyes, yielding a simple and fast assay with 18 attomoles limit of detection. Breaking the Förster distance limit for ultrabright NPs opens the route to advanced optical nanomaterials for amplified FRET-based sensing of biomolecules. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep Sekhar Biswas
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, 67401, France
| | - Paraskevi Gaki
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, 67401, France
| | - Elisabete Cruz Da Silva
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, 67401, France
| | - Antoine Combes
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, 67401, France
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, 67401, France
| | - Pascal Didier
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, 67401, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, 67401, France
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Yudhistira T, Da Silva EC, Combes A, Lehmann M, Reisch A, Klymchenko AS. Biotinylated Fluorescent Polymeric Nanoparticles for Enhanced Immunostaining. Small Methods 2023; 7:e2201452. [PMID: 36808832 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The performance of fluorescence immunostaining is physically limited by the brightness of organic dyes, whereas fluorescence labeling with multiple dyes per antibody can lead to dye self-quenching. The present work reports a methodology of antibody labeling by biotinylated zwitterionic dye-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (NPs). A rationally designed hydrophobic polymer, poly(ethyl methacrylate) bearing charged, zwitterionic and biotin groups (PEMA-ZI-biotin), enables preparation of small (14 nm) and bright fluorescent biotinylated NPs loaded with large quantities of cationic rhodamine dye with bulky hydrophobic counterion (fluorinated tetraphenylborate). The biotin exposure at the particle surface is confirmed by Förster resonance energy transfer with dye-streptavidin conjugate. Single-particle microscopy validates specific binding to biotinylated surfaces, with particle brightness 21-fold higher than quantum dot-585 (QD-585) at 550 nm excitation. The nanoimmunostaining method, which couples biotinylated antibody (cetuximab) with bright biotinylated zwitterionic NPs through streptavidin, significantly improves fluorescence imaging of target epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) on the cell surface compared to a dye-based labeling. Importantly, cetuximab labeled with PEMA-ZI-biotin NPs can differentiate cells with distinct expression levels of EGFR cancer marker. The developed nanoprobes can greatly amplify the signal from labeled antibodies, and thus become a useful tool in the high-sensitivity detection of disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesla Yudhistira
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, Illkirch, 67401, France
| | - Elisabete Cruz Da Silva
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, Illkirch, 67401, France
| | - Antoine Combes
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, Illkirch, 67401, France
| | - Maxime Lehmann
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, Illkirch, 67401, France
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, Illkirch, 67401, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, Illkirch, 67401, France
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6
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Moskalevska I, Faure V, Haye L, Mercey-Ressejac M, Dey AK, Chovelon B, Soro LK, Charbonnière LJ, Reisch A, Klymchenko AS, Marche PN, Coll JL, Macek Jilkova Z, le Guével X. Intracellular accumulation and immunological response of NIR-II polymeric nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2022; 630:122439. [PMID: 36503846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are extremely promising for theranostic applications. However, their interest depends largely on their interactions with immune system, including the capacity to activate inflammation after their capture by macrophages. In the present study, we generated monodisperse poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) NPs loaded with hydrophobic photoluminescent gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) emitting in the NIR-II optical windows and studied their interaction in vitro with J774.1A macrophages. PEMA NPs showed an efficient time and dose dependent cellular uptake with up to 70 % of macrophages labelled in 24 h without detectable cell death. Interestingly, PEMA and Au-PEMA NPs induced an anti-inflammatory response and a strong down-regulation of nitric oxide level on lipopolysacharides (LPS) activated macrophages, but without influence on the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These polymeric NPs may thus present a potential interest for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Moskalevska
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), University of Grenoble Alpes (UGA)/ INSERM-U1209 / CNRS-UMR 5309, Grenoble, France
| | - Virginie Faure
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), University of Grenoble Alpes (UGA)/ INSERM-U1209 / CNRS-UMR 5309, Grenoble, France
| | - Lucie Haye
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Marion Mercey-Ressejac
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), University of Grenoble Alpes (UGA)/ INSERM-U1209 / CNRS-UMR 5309, Grenoble, France; Service d'hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Arindam K Dey
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), University of Grenoble Alpes (UGA)/ INSERM-U1209 / CNRS-UMR 5309, Grenoble, France
| | - Benoit Chovelon
- Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU de Grenoble-Alpes, France; Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Lohona K Soro
- Equipe de Synthèse Pour l'Analyse (SynPA), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), UMR 7178, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Loïc J Charbonnière
- Equipe de Synthèse Pour l'Analyse (SynPA), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), UMR 7178, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Patrice N Marche
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), University of Grenoble Alpes (UGA)/ INSERM-U1209 / CNRS-UMR 5309, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Coll
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), University of Grenoble Alpes (UGA)/ INSERM-U1209 / CNRS-UMR 5309, Grenoble, France
| | - Zuzana Macek Jilkova
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), University of Grenoble Alpes (UGA)/ INSERM-U1209 / CNRS-UMR 5309, Grenoble, France; Service d'hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Xavier le Guével
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), University of Grenoble Alpes (UGA)/ INSERM-U1209 / CNRS-UMR 5309, Grenoble, France
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Pierrevelcin M, Flacher V, Mueller CG, Vauchelles R, Guerin E, Lhermitte B, Pencreach E, Reisch A, Muller Q, Doumard L, Boufenghour W, Klymchenko AS, Foppolo S, Nazon C, Weingertner N, Martin S, Briandet C, Laithier V, Di Marco A, Bund L, Obrecht A, Villa P, Dontenwill M, Entz-Werlé N. Engineering Novel 3D Models to Recreate High-Grade Osteosarcoma and its Immune and Extracellular Matrix Microenvironment. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200195. [PMID: 36057996 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone cancer, where the overall 5-year surviving rate is below 20% in resistant forms. Accelerating cures for those poor outcome patients remains a challenge. Nevertheless, several studies of agents targeting abnormal cancerous pathways have yielded disappointing results when translated into clinic because of the lack of accurate OS preclinical modeling. So, any effort to design preclinical drug testing may consider all inter-, intra-, and extra-tumoral heterogeneities throughout models mimicking extracellular and immune microenvironment. Therefore, the bioengineering of patient-derived models reproducing the OS heterogeneity, the interaction with tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and the modulation of oxygen concentrations additionally to recreation of bone scaffold is proposed here. Eight 2D preclinical models mimicking several OS clinical situations and their TAMs in hypoxic conditions are developed first and, subsequently, the paired 3D models faithfully preserving histological and biological characteristics are generated. It is possible to shape reproducibly M2-like macrophages cultured with all OS patient-derived cell lines in both dimensions. The final 3D models pooling all heterogeneity features are providing accurate proliferation and migration data to understand the mechanisms involved in OS and immune cells/biomatrix interactions and sustained such that engineered 3D preclinical systems will improve personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pierrevelcin
- UMR CNRS 7021, Laboratory of Biomaging and Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, Illkirch, 67405, France
| | - Vincent Flacher
- CNRS UPR3572, Laboratory I2CT - Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 2, Allée Konrad Roentgen, Strasbourg, 67084, France
| | - Christopher G Mueller
- CNRS UPR3572, Laboratory I2CT - Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 2, Allée Konrad Roentgen, Strasbourg, 67084, France
| | - Romain Vauchelles
- UMR CNRS 7021, Laboratory of Biomaging and Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, Illkirch, 67405, France
| | - Eric Guerin
- Department of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 avenue Molière, Strasbourg, 67098, France
| | - Benoît Lhermitte
- Pathology department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 avenue Molière, Strasbourg, 67098, France
| | - Erwan Pencreach
- Department of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 avenue Molière, Strasbourg, 67098, France
| | - Andreas Reisch
- UMR CNRS 7021, Laboratory of Biomaging and Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, Illkirch, 67405, France
| | - Quentin Muller
- CNRS UPR3572, Laboratory I2CT - Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 2, Allée Konrad Roentgen, Strasbourg, 67084, France
| | - Layal Doumard
- CNRS UPR3572, Laboratory I2CT - Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 2, Allée Konrad Roentgen, Strasbourg, 67084, France
| | - Wacym Boufenghour
- CNRS UPR3572, Laboratory I2CT - Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 2, Allée Konrad Roentgen, Strasbourg, 67084, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- UMR CNRS 7021, Laboratory of Biomaging and Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, Illkirch, 67405, France
| | - Sophie Foppolo
- UMR CNRS 7021, Laboratory of Biomaging and Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, Illkirch, 67405, France
| | - Charlotte Nazon
- Pediatric Onco-hematology unit, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 avenue Molière, Strasbourg, 67098, France
| | - Noelle Weingertner
- Pathology department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 avenue Molière, Strasbourg, 67098, France
| | - Sophie Martin
- UMR CNRS 7021, Laboratory of Biomaging and Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, Illkirch, 67405, France
| | - Claire Briandet
- Pediatric Onco-hematology unit, Hospital of "Le Bocage"- University Hospital of Dijon, 1 bd Jeanne d'Arc, Dijon, 21079, France
| | - Véronique Laithier
- Pediatric Onco-hematology unit, University Hospital of Besançon, 3, boulevard A. Fleming, Besançon, 25030, France
| | - Antonio Di Marco
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 avenue Molière, Strasbourg, 67098, France
| | - Laurent Bund
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 avenue Molière, Strasbourg, 67098, France
| | - Adeline Obrecht
- PCBIS Plate-forme de chimie biologique intégrative de Strasbourg, UMS 3286 CNRS, University of Strasbourg, Labex Medalis, 300 Bld Sébastien Brant, Illkirch, 67412, France
| | - Pascal Villa
- PCBIS Plate-forme de chimie biologique intégrative de Strasbourg, UMS 3286 CNRS, University of Strasbourg, Labex Medalis, 300 Bld Sébastien Brant, Illkirch, 67412, France
| | - Monique Dontenwill
- UMR CNRS 7021, Laboratory of Biomaging and Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, Illkirch, 67405, France
| | - Natacha Entz-Werlé
- UMR CNRS 7021, Laboratory of Biomaging and Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, Illkirch, 67405, France.,Pediatric Onco-hematology unit, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 avenue Molière, Strasbourg, 67098, France
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8
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Chen H, Celik AE, Mutschler A, Combes A, Runser A, Klymchenko AS, Lecommandoux S, Serra CA, Reisch A. Assembly of Fluorescent Polymer Nanoparticles Using Different Microfluidic Mixers. Langmuir 2022; 38:7945-7955. [PMID: 35731957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanoprecipitation is a facile and efficient approach to the assembly of loaded polymer nanoparticles (NPs) for applications in bioimaging and targeted drug delivery. Their successful use in clinics requires reproducible and scalable synthesis, for which microfluidics appears as an attractive technique. However, in the case of nanoprecipitation, particle formation depends strongly on mixing. Here, we compare 5 different types of microfluidic mixers with respect to the formation and properties of poly(d-l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and poly(methyl methacrylate) NPs loaded with a fluorescent dye salt: a cross-shaped mixer, a multilamination mixer, a split and recombine mixer, two herringbone mixers, and two impact jet mixers. Size and fluorescence properties of the NPs obtained with these mixers are evaluated. All mixers, except the cross-shaped one, yield NPs at least as small and fluorescent as those obtained manually. Notably in the case of impact jet mixers operated at high flow speeds, the size of the NPs could be strongly reduced from >50 nm down to <20 nm. Surprisingly, the fluorescence quantum yield of NPs obtained with these mixers also depends strongly on the flow speed, increasing, in the case of PLGA, from 30 to >70%. These results show the importance of precisely controlling the assembly conditions for loaded polymer NPs. The present work further provides guidance for choosing the optimal microfluidic setup for production of nanomaterials for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyou Chen
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Ali Emre Celik
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Angela Mutschler
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, Pessac F-33600, France
| | - Antoine Combes
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Anne Runser
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | | | - Christophe A Serra
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR 22, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, Strasbourg F-67000, France
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9
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Egloff S, Melnychuk N, Cruz Da Silva E, Reisch A, Martin S, Klymchenko AS. Amplified Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization by Small and Bright Dye-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles. ACS Nano 2022; 16:1381-1394. [PMID: 34928570 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Detection and imaging of RNA at the single-cell level is of utmost importance for fundamental research and clinical diagnostics. Current techniques of RNA analysis, including fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), are long, complex, and expensive. Here, we report a methodology of amplified FISH (AmpliFISH) that enables simpler and faster RNA imaging using small and ultrabright dye-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with DNA. We found that the small size of NPs (below 20 nm) was essential for their access to the intracellular mRNA targets in fixed permeabilized cells. Moreover, proper selection of the polymer matrix of DNA-NPs minimized nonspecific intracellular interactions. Optimized DNA-NPs enabled sequence-specific imaging of different mRNA targets (survivin, actin, and polyA tails), using a simple 1 h staining protocol. Encapsulation of cyanine and rhodamine dyes with bulky counterions yielded green-, red-, and far-red-emitting NPs that were 2-100-fold brighter than corresponding quantum dots. These NPs enabled multiplexed detection of three mRNA targets simultaneously, showing distinctive mRNA expression profiles in three cancer cell lines. Image analysis confirmed the single-particle nature of the intracellular signal, suggesting single-molecule sensitivity of the method. AmpliFISH was found to be semiquantitative, correlating with RT-qPCR. In comparison with the commercial locked nucleic acid (LNA)-based FISH technique, AmpliFISH provides 8-200-fold stronger signal (dependent on the NP color) and requires only three steps vs ∼20 steps together with a much shorter time. Thus, combination of bright fluorescent polymeric NPs with FISH yields a fast and sensitive single-cell transcriptomic analysis method for RNA research and clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Egloff
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Nina Melnychuk
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Elisabete Cruz Da Silva
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Sophie Martin
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
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10
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Sobska J, Andreiuk B, Aparin IO, Reisch A, Krezel W, Klymchenko AS. Counterion-insulated near-infrared dyes in biodegradable polymer nanoparticles for in vivo imaging. Nanoscale Adv 2021; 4:39-48. [PMID: 35028505 PMCID: PMC8691417 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00649e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are highly attractive for biomedical applications due to their potential biodegradability and capacity to encapsulate different loads, notably drugs and contrast agents. For in vivo optical bioimaging, NPs should operate in the near-infrared region (NIR) and exhibit stealth properties. In the present work, we applied the approach of ionic dye insulation with bulky hydrophobic counterions for encapsulation of near-infrared cyanine dyes (Cy5.5 and Cy7 bearing two octadecyl chains) into biodegradable polymer (PLGA) NPs. We found that at high dye loading (20-50 mM with respect to the polymer), the bulkiest fluorinated tetraphenylborate counterion minimized best the aggregation-caused quenching and improved fluorescence quantum yields of both NIR dyes, especially of Cy5.5. In addition, bulky counterions also enabled formation of small 40 nm polymeric NPs in contrast to smaller counterions. To provide them stealth properties, we prepared 40 nm dye-loaded PEGylated NPs through nanoprecipitation of synthetic PLGA-PEG block copolymer with the dye/counterion salt. The obtained NIR NPs loaded with Cy5.5 dye salt allowed in vivo imaging of wild-type mice with a good contrast after IV injection. Compared to the bare PLGA NPs, PLGA-PEG NPs exhibited significantly slower accumulation in the liver. Biodistribution studies confirmed the preferential accumulation in the liver, although PLGA and PLGA-PEG NPs could also be distributed in other organs, with the following tendency: liver > spleen > lungs > kidney > heart > testis > brain. Overall, the present work validated the counterion approach for encapsulation of NIR cyanine dyes into biodegradable polymer NPs bearing covalently attached PEG shell. Thus, we propose a simple and robust methodology for preparation of NIR fluorescent biodegradable polymer NPs, which could further improve the existing optical imaging for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sobska
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC) - INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR-7104, University of Strasbourg 1, Rue Laurent Fries 67404 Illkirch France
| | - Bohdan Andreiuk
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch France
| | - Ilya O Aparin
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch France
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch France
| | - Wojciech Krezel
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC) - INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR-7104, University of Strasbourg 1, Rue Laurent Fries 67404 Illkirch France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch France
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11
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Khalin I, Severi C, Heimburger D, Wehn A, Hellal F, Reisch A, Klymchenko AS, Plesnila N. Dynamic tracing using ultra-bright labeling and multi-photon microscopy identifies endothelial uptake of poloxamer 188 coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nano-carriers in vivo. Nanomedicine 2021; 40:102511. [PMID: 34915181 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The potential of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) to design nanoparticles (NPs) and target the central nervous system remains to be exploited. In the current study we designed fluorescent 70-nm PLGA NPs, loaded with bulky fluorophores, thereby making them significantly brighter than quantum dots in single-particle fluorescence measurements. The high brightness of NPs enabled their visualization by intravital real-time 2-photon microscopy. Subsequently, we found that PLGA NPs coated with pluronic F-68 circulated in the blood substantially longer than uncoated NPs and were taken up by cerebro-vascular endothelial cells. Additionally, confocal microscopy revealed that coated PLGA NPs were present in late endothelial endosomes of cerebral vessels within 1 h after systemic injection and were more readily taken up by endothelial cells in peripheral organs. The combination of ultra-bright NPs and in vivo imaging may thus represent a promising approach to reduce the gap between development and clinical application of nanoparticle-based drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Khalin
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany; Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
| | - Caterina Severi
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - Doriane Heimburger
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - Antonia Wehn
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany; Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Farida Hellal
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany; Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM), Helmholz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France.
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France.
| | - Nikolaus Plesnila
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany; Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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12
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Andreiuk B, Aparin IO, Reisch A, Klymchenko AS. Bulky Barbiturates as Non-Toxic Ionic Dye Insulators for Enhanced Emission in Polymeric Nanoparticles. Chemistry 2021; 27:12877-12883. [PMID: 34164869 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bulky hydrophobic counterions (weakly coordinating anions) can insulate ionic dyes against aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) and enable preparation of highly fluorescent dye-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) for bioimaging, biosensing and light harvesting. Here, we introduce a family of hydrophobic anions based on fluorinated C-acyl barbiturates with delocalized negative charge and bulky non-polar groups. Similarly to fluorinated tetraphenylborates, these barbiturates prevent ACQ of cationic dye alkyl rhodamine B inside polymer NPs made of biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). Their efficiency to prevent ACQ increases for analogues with higher acidity and bulkiness. Their structure controls dye-dye communication, yielding bright NPs with on/off switching or stable emission. They enhance dye encapsulation inside NPs, allowing intracellular imaging without dye leakage. Compared to fluorinated tetraphenylborates known as cytotoxic transmembrane ion transporters, the barbiturates display a significantly lower cytotoxicity. These chemically available and versatile barbiturate derivatives are promising counterion scaffolds for preparation of bright non-toxic fluorescent nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdan Andreiuk
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, ITI Chimie des Systèmes Complexes, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Ilya O Aparin
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, ITI Chimie des Systèmes Complexes, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, ITI Chimie des Systèmes Complexes, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, ITI Chimie des Systèmes Complexes, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France
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13
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Egloff S, Melnychuk N, Reisch A, Martin S, Klymchenko AS. Enzyme-free amplified detection of cellular microRNA by light-harvesting fluorescent nanoparticle probes. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 179:113084. [PMID: 33601133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Detection of cellular microRNA biomarkers is an emerging powerful tool in cancer diagnostics. Currently, it requires multistep tedious protocols based on molecular amplification of the RNA target, e.g. RT-qPCR. Here, we developed a one-step enzyme-free method for microRNA detection in cellular extracts based on light-harvesting nanoparticle (nanoantenna) biosensors. They amplify the fluorescence signal by effective Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from ultrabright dye-loaded polymeric nanoparticle to a single acceptor and thus convert recognition of one microRNA copy (through nucleic acid strand displacement) into a response of >400 dyes. The developed nanoprobes of 17-19 nm diameter for four microRNAs (miR-21, let-7f, miR-222 and miR-30a) exhibit outstanding brightness (up to 3.8 × 107 M-1cm-1) and ratiometric sequence-specific response to microRNA with the limit of detection (LOD) down to 1.3 pM (21 amol), equivalent to 24 RT-qPCR cycles. They enable quantitative detection of the four microRNAs in RNA extracts from five cancerous cell lines (human breast cancer - T47D and MCF7, head and neck cancer - CAL33 and glioblastoma - LNZ308 and U373) and two non-cancerous ones (Hek293 and MCF10A), in agreement with RT-qPCR. The results confirmed that let-7f and especially miR-21 are systematically overexpressed in all studied cancerous cell lines. These nanoparticle biosensors are compatible with low-cost portable fluorometers and small detection volumes (11 amol LOD), opening a route to rapid point-of-care cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Egloff
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route Du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Nina Melnychuk
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route Du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route Du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Sophie Martin
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route Du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route Du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France.
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14
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Egloff S, Runser A, Klymchenko A, Reisch A. Size-Dependent Electroporation of Dye-Loaded Polymer Nanoparticles for Efficient and Safe Intracellular Delivery. Small Methods 2021; 5:e2000947. [PMID: 34927896 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202000947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and safe delivery of nanoparticles (NPs) into the cytosol of living cells constitutes a major methodological challenge in bio-nanotechnology. Electroporation allows direct transfer of NPs into the cytosol by forming transient pores in the cell membrane, but it is criticized for invasiveness, and the applicable particle sizes are not well defined. Here, in order to establish principles for efficient delivery of NPs into the cytosol with minimal cytotoxicity, the influence of the size of NPs on their electroporation and intracellular behavior is investigated. For this study, fluorescent dye-loaded polymer NPs with core sizes between 10 and 40 nm are prepared. Optimizing the electroporation protocol allows minimizing contributions of endocytosis and to study directly the effect of NP size on electroporation. NPs of <20 nm hydrodynamic size are efficiently delivered into the cytosol, whereas this is not the case for NPs of >30 nm. Moreover, only particles of core size <15 nm diffuse freely throughout the cytosol. While electroporation at excessive electric fields induces cytotoxicity, the use of small NPs <20 nm allows efficient delivery at mild electroporation conditions. These results give clear methodological and design guidelines for the safe delivery of NPs for intracellular applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Egloff
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Anne Runser
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Andrey Klymchenko
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
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15
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Jana S, Xu X, Klymchenko A, Reisch A, Pons T. Microcavity-Enhanced Fluorescence Energy Transfer from Quantum Dot Excited Whispering Gallery Modes to Acceptor Dye Nanoparticles. ACS Nano 2021; 15:1445-1453. [PMID: 33378154 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Whispering gallery mode (WGM) microcavities are emerging as potential candidates in the field of biosensing applications, as their resonance wavelengths shift with changes in the refractive index in the region of their evanescent field. Their high-quality resonance modes and accessible surface functionalities make them promising for molecular assays, but their high sensitivity makes them inherently unstable. Here, we demonstrate that WGM resonances also strongly enhance fluorescence energy transfer between donors placed inside the microcavity and acceptors placed outside. We load colloidal quantum dots (QDs) into polymeric microspheres to provide WGMs that benefit from the QD optical features when used as energy-transfer donors. Spectroscopic analysis of the emission from the microcavities shows that the high quality of WGMs enables a very efficient energy transfer to dye-loaded polymer nanoparticle acceptors placed in their vicinity. Compared to Förster resonance energy transfer, WGM-enabled energy transfer (WGET) occurs over a much more extended volume, thanks to the delocalization of the mode over a typically 105 times larger surface and to the extension of the WGM electromagnetic field to larger distances (>100 nm vs a few nm) from the surface of the microcavity. The resulting sensing scheme combines the sensitivity of WGM spectroscopy with the specificity and simple detection schemes of fluorescence energy transfer, thus providing a potentially powerful class of biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subha Jana
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Étude des matériaux (LPEM, UMR 8213), ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Xiangzhen Xu
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Étude des matériaux (LPEM, UMR 8213), ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Andrey Klymchenko
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas Pons
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Étude des matériaux (LPEM, UMR 8213), ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
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16
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Khalin I, Heimburger D, Melnychuk N, Collot M, Groschup B, Hellal F, Reisch A, Plesnila N, Klymchenko AS. Ultrabright Fluorescent Polymeric Nanoparticles with a Stealth Pluronic Shell for Live Tracking in the Mouse Brain. ACS Nano 2020; 14:9755-9770. [PMID: 32680421 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Visualizing single organic nanoparticles (NPs) in vivo remains a challenge, which could greatly improve our understanding of the bottlenecks in the field of nanomedicine. To achieve high single-particle fluorescence brightness, we loaded polymer poly(methyl methacrylate)-sulfonate (PMMA-SO3H) NPs with octadecyl rhodamine B together with a bulky hydrophobic counterion (perfluorinated tetraphenylborate) as a fluorophore insulator to prevent aggregation-caused quenching. To create NPs with stealth properties, we used the amphiphilic block copolymers pluronic F-127 and F-68. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) revealed that pluronics remained at the NP surface after dialysis (at one amphiphile per 5.5 nm2) and prevented NPs from nonspecific interactions with serum proteins and surfactants. In primary cultured neurons, pluronics stabilized the NPs, preventing their prompt aggregation and binding to neurons. By increasing dye loading to 20 wt % and optimizing particle size, we obtained 74 nm NPs showing 150-fold higher single-particle brightness with two-photon excitation than commercial Nile Red-loaded FluoSpheres of 39 nm hydrodynamic diameter. The obtained ultrabright pluronic-coated NPs enabled direct single-particle tracking in vessels of mice brains by two-photon intravital microscopy for at least 1 h, whereas noncoated NPs were rapidly eliminated from the circulation. Following brain injury or neuroinflammation, which can open the blood-brain barrier, extravasation of NPs was successfully monitored. Moreover, we demonstrated tracking of individual NPs from meningeal vessels until their uptake by meningeal macrophages. Thus, single NPs can be tracked in animals in real time in vivo in different brain compartments and their dynamics visualized with subcellular resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Khalin
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Doriane Heimburger
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Nina Melnychuk
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Mayeul Collot
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Bernhard Groschup
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Farida Hellal
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, D-81377 Munich, Germany
- Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Nikolaus Plesnila
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, D-81377 Munich, Germany
- Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
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17
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Melnychuk N, Egloff S, Runser A, Reisch A, Klymchenko AS. Light‐Harvesting Nanoparticle Probes for FRET‐Based Detection of Oligonucleotides with Single‐Molecule Sensitivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Melnychuk
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et PathologiesUMR 7021 CNRSFaculté de PharmacieUniversité de Strasbourg 74, Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch France
| | - Sylvie Egloff
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et PathologiesUMR 7021 CNRSFaculté de PharmacieUniversité de Strasbourg 74, Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch France
| | - Anne Runser
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et PathologiesUMR 7021 CNRSFaculté de PharmacieUniversité de Strasbourg 74, Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch France
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et PathologiesUMR 7021 CNRSFaculté de PharmacieUniversité de Strasbourg 74, Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch France
| | - Andrey S. Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et PathologiesUMR 7021 CNRSFaculté de PharmacieUniversité de Strasbourg 74, Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch France
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Melnychuk N, Egloff S, Runser A, Reisch A, Klymchenko AS. Light‐Harvesting Nanoparticle Probes for FRET‐Based Detection of Oligonucleotides with Single‐Molecule Sensitivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6811-6818. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Melnychuk
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et PathologiesUMR 7021 CNRSFaculté de PharmacieUniversité de Strasbourg 74, Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch France
| | - Sylvie Egloff
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et PathologiesUMR 7021 CNRSFaculté de PharmacieUniversité de Strasbourg 74, Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch France
| | - Anne Runser
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et PathologiesUMR 7021 CNRSFaculté de PharmacieUniversité de Strasbourg 74, Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch France
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et PathologiesUMR 7021 CNRSFaculté de PharmacieUniversité de Strasbourg 74, Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch France
| | - Andrey S. Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et PathologiesUMR 7021 CNRSFaculté de PharmacieUniversité de Strasbourg 74, Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch France
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Runser A, Dujardin D, Ernst P, Klymchenko AS, Reisch A. Zwitterionic Stealth Dye-Loaded Polymer Nanoparticles for Intracellular Imaging. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:117-125. [PMID: 31872751 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular applications of fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) as probes and labels are currently limited by significant molecular crowding and the high level of complexity encountered inside living cells. The solution is to develop very small, bright, and noninteracting (stealth) NPs. Combining these properties requires implementing the stealth behavior through the thinnest possible hydrophilic shell. Here, we propose a one-step process for preparing ultrasmall and bright stealth NPs based on a zwitterionic (ZI) methacrylate-based copolymer. Dye-loaded polymer NPs are assembled through nanoprecipitation of the copolymer together with the salt of a rhodamine B derivative and a bulky hydrophobic counterion to achieve high particle brightness. We found that 10 mol % ZI groups in the polymer yield NPs of less than 15 nm that are stable in physiological salt conditions and practically resistant to protein adsorption, as suggested by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. The combination of the very small size with the nonfouling nature of these particles enables spreading of ZI polymer NPs in the whole cytosol after their microinjection into living cells. In addition, single-particle tracking showed up to four times faster diffusion of ZI NPs in the cytosol compared to PEGylated NPs. The obtained dye-loaded ZI polymer NPs open the route to intracellular single-particle tracking and biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Runser
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie , CNRS UMR 7021, Université de Strasbourg , 67401 Illkirch Cedex , France
| | - Denis Dujardin
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie , CNRS UMR 7021, Université de Strasbourg , 67401 Illkirch Cedex , France
| | - Pauline Ernst
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie , CNRS UMR 7021, Université de Strasbourg , 67401 Illkirch Cedex , France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie , CNRS UMR 7021, Université de Strasbourg , 67401 Illkirch Cedex , France
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie , CNRS UMR 7021, Université de Strasbourg , 67401 Illkirch Cedex , France
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Rosiuk V, Runser A, Klymchenko A, Reisch A. Controlling Size and Fluorescence of Dye-Loaded Polymer Nanoparticles through Polymer Design. Langmuir 2019; 35:7009-7017. [PMID: 31081637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanoprecipitation is a straightforward yet powerful technique to synthesize polymer nanoparticles loaded with various biologically active compounds or contrast agents. Particle formation in this approach is kinetically controlled, and various assembly parameters have been used to control the size distribution and properties of the formed nanoparticles. Here, the influence of the nature of the polymer on the formation of nanoparticles in nanoprecipitation is studied systematically by varying its hydrophobicity and charge over a broad range. For this, methacrylate copolymers with different types and fractions of hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and charged side groups are synthesized. Nanoprecipitation of these polymers shows that particle size increases with increasing global hydrophobicity of the polymers. At the same time, both hydrophilic and charged groups reduce particle size. In this way, we achieve control over particle size from ∼10 to 200 nm. Furthermore, the effect of the polymer nature on the photophysical properties of nanoparticles loaded with a fluorescent dye, a rhodamine B derivative with a bulky hydrophobic counterion (fluorinated tetraphenylborate), is studied. It is found that the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance of the polymer modulates to a large extent the spectral properties and fluorescence quantum yield of the dye encapsulated at high concentration, which reflects changes in the dye aggregation within the polymer matrix. Thus, we show how polymer chemistry can tune kinetically controlled formation of nanoparticles and encapsulation of the load. The concepts introduced here should be valuable tools for the design of nanoparticles for imaging and drug-delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalii Rosiuk
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, CNRS UMR 7021, Faculté de Pharmacie , Université de Strasbourg , Cedex 67401 Illkirch , France
| | - Anne Runser
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, CNRS UMR 7021, Faculté de Pharmacie , Université de Strasbourg , Cedex 67401 Illkirch , France
| | - Andrey Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, CNRS UMR 7021, Faculté de Pharmacie , Université de Strasbourg , Cedex 67401 Illkirch , France
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, CNRS UMR 7021, Faculté de Pharmacie , Université de Strasbourg , Cedex 67401 Illkirch , France
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Andreiuk B, Reisch A, Bernhardt E, Klymchenko AS. Fighting Aggregation‐Caused Quenching and Leakage of Dyes in Fluorescent Polymer Nanoparticles: Universal Role of Counterion. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:836-846. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bohdan Andreiuk
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR CNRS 7021University of Strasbourg 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cedex France
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR CNRS 7021University of Strasbourg 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cedex France
| | - Eduard Bernhardt
- Inorganic Chemistry Department of the University of Wuppertal Gaussstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Andrey S. Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR CNRS 7021University of Strasbourg 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cedex France
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22
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Trofymchuk K, Valanciunaite J, Andreiuk B, Reisch A, Collot M, Klymchenko AS. BODIPY-loaded polymer nanoparticles: chemical structure of cargo defines leakage from nanocarrier in living cells. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:5199-5210. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02781a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobicity of a fluorescent cargo loaded into PLGA nanoparticles is crucial for minimizing its leakage in biological media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Trofymchuk
- Nanochemistry and Bioimaging Group
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies
- UMR 7021 CNRS
- Université de Strasbourg
- Illkirch
| | - Jurga Valanciunaite
- Nanochemistry and Bioimaging Group
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies
- UMR 7021 CNRS
- Université de Strasbourg
- Illkirch
| | - Bohdan Andreiuk
- Nanochemistry and Bioimaging Group
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies
- UMR 7021 CNRS
- Université de Strasbourg
- Illkirch
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Nanochemistry and Bioimaging Group
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies
- UMR 7021 CNRS
- Université de Strasbourg
- Illkirch
| | - Mayeul Collot
- Nanochemistry and Bioimaging Group
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies
- UMR 7021 CNRS
- Université de Strasbourg
- Illkirch
| | - Andrey S. Klymchenko
- Nanochemistry and Bioimaging Group
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies
- UMR 7021 CNRS
- Université de Strasbourg
- Illkirch
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Reisch A, Trofymchuk K, Runser A, Fleith G, Rawiso M, Klymchenko AS. Tailoring Fluorescence Brightness and Switching of Nanoparticles through Dye Organization in the Polymer Matrix. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:43030-43042. [PMID: 29185702 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) help to increase spatial and temporal resolution in bioimaging. Advanced microscopy techniques require very bright NPs that exhibit either stable emission for single-particle tracking or complete on/off switching (blinking) for super-resolution imaging. Here, ultrabright dye-loaded polymer NPs with controlled switching properties are developed. To this aim, the salt of a dye (rhodamine B octadecyl ester) with a hydrophobic counterion (fluorinated tetraphenylborate) is encapsulated at very high concentrations up to 30 wt % in NPs made of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and polycaprolactone (PCL) through nanoprecipitation. The obtained 35 nm NPs are nearly 100 times brighter than quantum dots. The nature of the polymer is found to define the collective behavior of the encapsulated dyes so that NPs containing thousands of dyes exhibit either whole particle blinking, for PLGA, or stable emission, for PMMA and PCL. Fluorescence anisotropy measurements together with small-angle X-ray scattering experiments suggest that in less hydrophobic PLGA, dyes tend to cluster, whereas in more hydrophobic PMMA and PCL, dyes are dispersed within the matrix, thus altering the switching behavior of NPs. Experiments using a perylene diimide derivative show a similar effect of the polymer nature. The resulting fluorescent NPs are suitable for a wide range of imaging applications from tracking to super-resolution imaging. The findings on the organization of the load innside NPs will have impact on the development of materials for applications ranging from photovoltaics to drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Reisch
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR CNRS 7213, Université de Strasbourg , 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Kateryna Trofymchuk
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR CNRS 7213, Université de Strasbourg , 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Anne Runser
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR CNRS 7213, Université de Strasbourg , 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Fleith
- Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS-UdS) , 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Michel Rawiso
- Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS-UdS) , 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR CNRS 7213, Université de Strasbourg , 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
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Trofymchuk K, Reisch A, Didier P, Fras F, Gilliot P, Mely Y, Klymchenko AS. Giant light-harvesting nanoantenna for single-molecule detection in ambient light. Nat Photonics 2017; 11:657-663. [PMID: 28983324 PMCID: PMC5624503 DOI: 10.1038/s41566-017-0001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Here, we explore the enhancement of single molecule emission by polymeric nano-antenna that can harvest energy from thousands of donor dyes to a single acceptor. In this nano-antenna, the cationic dyes are brought together in very close proximity using bulky counterions, thus enabling ultrafast diffusion of excitation energy (≤30 fs) with minimal losses. Our 60-nm nanoparticles containing >10,000 rhodamine-based donor dyes can efficiently transfer energy to 1-2 acceptors resulting in an antenna effect of ~1,000. Therefore, single Cy5-based acceptors become 25-fold brighter than quantum dots QD655. This unprecedented amplification of the acceptor dye emission enables observation of single molecules at illumination powers (1-10 mW cm-2) that are >10,000-fold lower than typically required in single-molecule measurements. Finally, using a basic setup, which includes a 20X air objective and a sCMOS camera, we could detect single Cy5 molecules by simply shining divergent light on the sample at powers equivalent to sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Trofymchuk
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin, F-67401 ILLKIRCH, France
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin, F-67401 ILLKIRCH, France
| | - Pascal Didier
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin, F-67401 ILLKIRCH, France
| | | | | | - Yves Mely
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin, F-67401 ILLKIRCH, France
| | - Andrey S. Klymchenko
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin, F-67401 ILLKIRCH, France
- Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to A.S.K. ; Tel: +33 368 85 42 55
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Andreiuk B, Reisch A, Lindecker M, Follain G, Peyriéras N, Goetz JG, Klymchenko AS. Fluorescent Polymer Nanoparticles for Cell Barcoding In Vitro and In Vivo. Small 2017; 13:1701582. [PMID: 28791769 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent polymer nanoparticles for long-term labeling and tracking of living cells with any desired color code are developed. They are built from biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) polymer loaded with cyanine dyes (DiO, DiI, and DiD) with the help of bulky fluorinated counterions, which minimize aggregation-caused quenching. At the single particle level, these particles are ≈20-fold brighter than quantum dots of similar color. Due to their identical 40 nm size and surface properties, these nanoparticles are endocytosed equally well by living cells. Mixing nanoparticles of three colors in different proportions generates a homogeneous RGB (red, green, and blue) barcode in cells, which is transmitted through many cell generations. Cell barcoding is validated on 7 cell lines (HeLa, KB, embryonic kidney (293T), Chinese hamster ovary, rat basophilic leucemia, U97, and D2A1), 13 color codes, and it enables simultaneous tracking of co-cultured barcoded cell populations for >2 weeks. It is also applied to studying competition among drug-treated cell populations. This technology enabled six-color imaging in vivo for (1) tracking xenografted cancer cells and (2) monitoring morphogenesis after microinjection in zebrafish embryos. In addition to a robust method of multicolor cell labeling and tracking, this work suggests that multiple functions can be co-localized inside cells by combining structurally close nanoparticles carrying different functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdan Andreiuk
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, BP 60024, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, BP 60024, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Marion Lindecker
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, BP 60024, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Gautier Follain
- MN3T, Inserm U1109, LabEx Medalis, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Nadine Peyriéras
- CNRS USR3695 BioEmergences, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- MN3T, Inserm U1109, LabEx Medalis, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, BP 60024, 67401, Illkirch, France
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Shulov I, Rodik RV, Arntz Y, Reisch A, Kalchenko VI, Klymchenko AS. Protein-Sized Bright Fluorogenic Nanoparticles Based on Cross-Linked Calixarene Micelles with Cyanine Corona. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15884-15888. [PMID: 27862803 PMCID: PMC5756471 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The key challenge in the field of fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) for biological applications is to achieve superior brightness for sizes equivalent to single proteins (3-7 nm). We propose a concept of shell-cross-linked fluorescent micelles, in which PEGylated cyanine 3 and 5 bis-azides form a covalently attached corona on micelles of amphiphilic calixarene bearing four alkyne groups. The fluorescence quantum yield of the obtained monodisperse NPs, with a size of 7 nm, is a function of viscosity and reached up to 15 % in glycerol. In the on-state they are circa 2-fold brighter than quantum dots (QD-585), which makes them the smallest PEGylated organic NPs of this high brightness. FRET between cyanine 3 and 5 cross-linkers at the surface of NPs suggests their integrity in physiological media, organic solvents, and living cells, in which the NPs rapidly internalize, showing excellent imaging contrast. Calixarene micelles with a cyanine corona constitute a new platform for the development of protein-sized ultrabright fluorescent NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ievgen Shulov
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 67401 Route du Rhin, 74, ILLKIRCH Cedex (France); Organic Chemistry Department, Chemistry Faculty, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01033 Kyiv (Ukraine)
| | - Roman V. Rodik
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 02660 Kyiv (Ukraine)
| | - Youri Arntz
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 67401 Route du Rhin, 74, ILLKIRCH Cedex (France)
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 67401 Route du Rhin, 74, ILLKIRCH Cedex (France)
| | - Vitaly I. Kalchenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 02660 Kyiv (Ukraine)
| | - Andrey S. Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 67401 Route du Rhin, 74, ILLKIRCH Cedex (France)
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27
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Shulov I, Rodik RV, Arntz Y, Reisch A, Kalchenko VI, Klymchenko AS. Protein-Sized Bright Fluorogenic Nanoparticles Based on Cross-Linked Calixarene Micelles with Cyanine Corona. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ievgen Shulov
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie; UMR 7213 CNRS; Université de Strasbourg; Faculté de Pharmacie; Route du Rhin, 74 Illkirch 67401 Cedex France
- Organic Chemistry Department; Chemistry Faculty; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; 01033 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Roman V. Rodik
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; National Academy of Science of Ukraine; 02660 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Youri Arntz
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie; UMR 7213 CNRS; Université de Strasbourg; Faculté de Pharmacie; Route du Rhin, 74 Illkirch 67401 Cedex France
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie; UMR 7213 CNRS; Université de Strasbourg; Faculté de Pharmacie; Route du Rhin, 74 Illkirch 67401 Cedex France
| | - Vitaly I. Kalchenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; National Academy of Science of Ukraine; 02660 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Andrey S. Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie; UMR 7213 CNRS; Université de Strasbourg; Faculté de Pharmacie; Route du Rhin, 74 Illkirch 67401 Cedex France
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Reisch A, Klymchenko AS. Fluorescent Polymer Nanoparticles Based on Dyes: Seeking Brighter Tools for Bioimaging. Small 2016; 12:1968-92. [PMID: 26901678 PMCID: PMC5405874 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201503396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Speed, resolution and sensitivity of today's fluorescence bioimaging can be drastically improved by fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) that are many-fold brighter than organic dyes and fluorescent proteins. While the field is currently dominated by inorganic NPs, notably quantum dots (QDs), fluorescent polymer NPs encapsulating large quantities of dyes (dye-loaded NPs) have emerged recently as an attractive alternative. These new nanomaterials, inspired from the fields of polymeric drug delivery vehicles and advanced fluorophores, can combine superior brightness with biodegradability and low toxicity. Here, we describe the strategies for synthesis of dye-loaded polymer NPs by emulsion polymerization and assembly of pre-formed polymers. Superior brightness requires strong dye loading without aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ). Only recently several strategies of dye design were proposed to overcome ACQ in polymer NPs: aggregation induced emission (AIE), dye modification with bulky side groups and use of bulky hydrophobic counterions. The resulting NPs now surpass the brightness of QDs by ≈10-fold for a comparable size, and have started reaching the level of the brightest conjugated polymer NPs. Other properties, notably photostability, color, blinking, as well as particle size and surface chemistry are also systematically analyzed. Finally, major and emerging applications of dye-loaded NPs for in vitro and in vivo imaging are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Reisch
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 ILLKIRCH Cedex, France
| | - Andrey S. Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 ILLKIRCH Cedex, France
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29
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Rios C, Longo J, Zahouani S, Garnier T, Vogt C, Reisch A, Senger B, Boulmedais F, Hemmerlé J, Benmlih K, Frisch B, Schaaf P, Jierry L, Lavalle P. A new biomimetic route to engineer enzymatically active mechano-responsive materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:5622-5. [PMID: 25719225 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00329f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using modified β-galactosidase covalently linked to cross-linked polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEM), catalytically active materials have been designed. Their enzymatic activity can be modulated, partially in a reversible way, simply by stretching. This strategy, based on enzyme conformational changes, constitutes a new tool for the development of biocatalytic mechano-responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Rios
- ICS (UPR22-CNRS), 23 rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg, France.
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Djiokeng Paka G, Doggui S, Zaghmi A, Safar R, Dao L, Reisch A, Klymchenko A, Roullin VG, Joubert O, Ramassamy C. Neuronal Uptake and Neuroprotective Properties of Curcumin-Loaded Nanoparticles on SK-N-SH Cell Line: Role of Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) Polymeric Matrix Composition. Mol Pharm 2015; 13:391-403. [PMID: 26618861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin, a neuroprotective agent with promising therapeutic approach has poor brain bioavailability. Herein, we demonstrate that curcumin-encapsulated poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) 50:50 nanoparticles (NPs-Cur 50:50) are able to prevent the phosphorylation of Akt and Tau proteins in SK-N-SH cells induced by H2O2 and display higher anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities than free curcumin. PLGA can display various physicochemical and degradation characteristics for controlled drug release applications according to the matrix used. We demonstrate that the release of curcumin entrapped into a PLGA 50:50 matrix (NPs-Cur 50:50) is faster than into PLGA 65:35. We have studied the effects of the PLGA matrix on the expression of some key antioxidant- and neuroprotective-related genes such as APOE, APOJ, TRX, GLRX, and REST. NPs-Cur induced the elevation of GLRX and TRX while decreasing APOJ mRNA levels and had no effect on APOE and REST expressions. In the presence of H2O2, both NPs-Cur matrices are more efficient than free curcumin to prevent the induction of these genes. Higher uptake was found with NPs-Cur 50:50 than NPs-Cur 65:35 or free curcumin. By using PLGA nanoparticles loaded with the fluorescent dye Lumogen Red, we demonstrated that PLGA nanoparticles are indeed taken up by neuronal cells. These data highlight the importance of polymer composition in the therapeutic properties of the nanodrug delivery systems. Our study demonstrated that NPs-Cur enhance the action of curcumin on several pathways implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Overall, these results suggest that PLGA nanoparticles are a promising strategy for the brain delivery of drugs for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghislain Djiokeng Paka
- INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada.,INAF, Laval University , Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sihem Doggui
- INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Ahlem Zaghmi
- INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Ramia Safar
- Faculté de Pharmacie, EA3452 CITHEFOR, Université de Lorraine , 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Lé Dao
- INRS-EMT, Québec H5A 1K6, Canada
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg , 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Andrey Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg , 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - V Gaëlle Roullin
- Laboratoire de Nanotechnologies Pharmaceutiques, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal , Montréal H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Olivier Joubert
- Faculté de Pharmacie, EA3452 CITHEFOR, Université de Lorraine , 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Charles Ramassamy
- INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada.,INAF, Laval University , Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
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Shulov I, Oncul S, Reisch A, Arntz Y, Collot M, Mely Y, Klymchenko AS. Fluorinated counterion-enhanced emission of rhodamine aggregates: ultrabright nanoparticles for bioimaging and light-harvesting. Nanoscale 2015; 7:18198-18210. [PMID: 26482443 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr04955e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The key to ultrabright fluorescent nanomaterials is the control of dye emission in the aggregated state. Here, lipophilic rhodamine B derivatives are assembled into nanoparticles (NPs) using tetraphenylborate counterions with varied fluorination levels that should tune the short-range dye ordering. Counterion fluorination is found to drastically enhance the emission characteristics of these NPs. Highly fluorinated counterions produce 10-20 nm NPs containing >300 rhodamine dyes with a fluorescence quantum yield of 40-60% and a remarkably narrow emission band (34 nm), whereas, for other counterions, aggregation caused quenching with a weak broad-band emission is observed. NPs with the most fluorinated counterion (48 fluorines) are ∼40-fold brighter than quantum dots (QD585 at 532 nm excitation) in single-molecule microscopy, showing improved photostability and suppressed blinking. Due to exciton diffusion, revealed by fluorescence anisotropy, these NPs are efficient FRET donors to single cyanine-5 acceptors with a light-harvesting antenna effect reaching 200. Finally, NPs with the most fluorinated counterion are rather stable after entry into living cells, in contrast to their less fluorinated analogue. Thus, the present work shows the crucial role of counterion fluorination in achieving high fluorescence brightness and photostability, narrow-band emission, efficient energy transfer and high intracellular stability of nanomaterials for light harvesting and bioimaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ievgen Shulov
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 ILLKIRCH Cedex, France. and Organic Chemistry Department, Chemistry Faculty, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sule Oncul
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 ILLKIRCH Cedex, France. and Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34700 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 ILLKIRCH Cedex, France.
| | - Youri Arntz
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 ILLKIRCH Cedex, France.
| | - Mayeul Collot
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 ILLKIRCH Cedex, France.
| | - Yves Mely
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 ILLKIRCH Cedex, France.
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 ILLKIRCH Cedex, France.
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Trofymchuk K, Prodi L, Reisch A, Mély Y, Altenhöner K, Mattay J, Klymchenko AS. Exploiting Fast Exciton Diffusion in Dye-Doped Polymer Nanoparticles to Engineer Efficient Photoswitching. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:2259-2264. [PMID: 26266601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Photoswitching of bright fluorescent nanoparticles opens new possibilities for bioimaging with superior temporal and spatial resolution. However, efficient photoswitching of nanoparticles is hard to achieve using Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to a photochromic dye, because the particle size is usually larger than the Förster radius. Here, we propose to exploit the exciton diffusion within the FRET donor dyes to boost photoswitching efficiency in dye-doped polymer nanoparticles. To this end, we utilized bulky hydrophobic counterions that prevent self-quenching and favor communication of octadecyl rhodamine B dyes inside a polymer matrix of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide). Among tested counterions, only perfluorinated tetraphenylborate that favors the exciton diffusion enables high photoswitching efficiency (on/off ratio ∼20). The switching improves with donor dye loading and requires only 0.1-0.3 wt % of a diphenylethene photochromic dye. Our nanoparticles were validated both in solution and at the single-particle level. The proposed concept paves the way to new efficient photoswitchable nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Trofymchuk
- †Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Luca Prodi
- ‡Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università degli Studi di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andreas Reisch
- †Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Yves Mély
- †Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Kai Altenhöner
- §Organic Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jochen Mattay
- §Organic Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- †Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
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Reisch A, Runser A, Arntz Y, Mély Y, Klymchenko AS. Charge-controlled nanoprecipitation as a modular approach to ultrasmall polymer nanocarriers: making bright and stable nanoparticles. ACS Nano 2015; 9:5104-5116. [PMID: 25894117 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasmall polymer nanoparticles are rapidly gaining importance as nanocarriers for drugs and contrast agents. Here, a straightforward modular approach to efficiently loaded and stable sub-20-nm polymer particles is developed. In order to obtain ultrasmall polymer nanoparticles, we investigated the influence of one to two charged groups per polymer chain on the size of particles obtained by nanoprecipitation. Negatively charged carboxylate and sulfonate or positively charged trimethylammonium groups were introduced into the polymers poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). According to dynamic light scattering, atomic force and electron microscopy, the presence of one to two charged groups per polymer chain can strongly reduce the size of polymer nanoparticles made by nanoprecipitation. The particle size can be further decreased to less than 15 nm by decreasing the concentration of polymer in the solvent used for nanoprecipitation. We then show that even very small nanocarriers of 15 nm size preserve the capacity to encapsulate large amounts of ionic dyes with bulky counterions at efficiencies >90%, which generates polymer nanoparticles 10-fold brighter than quantum dots of the same size. Postmodification of their surface with the PEG containing amphiphiles Tween 80 and pluronic F-127 led to particles that were stable under physiological conditions and in the presence of 10% fetal bovine serum. This modular route could become a general method for the preparation of ultrasmall polymer nanoparticles as nanocarriers of contrast agents and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Reisch
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Anne Runser
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Youri Arntz
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Yves Mély
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
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Trofymchuk K, Reisch A, Shulov I, Mély Y, Klymchenko AS. Tuning the color and photostability of perylene diimides inside polymer nanoparticles: towards biodegradable substitutes of quantum dots. Nanoscale 2014; 6:12934-42. [PMID: 25233438 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr03718a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent organic nanoparticles (NPs) are attractive alternatives to quantum dots due to their potential biodegradability. However, preparation of fluorescent organic NPs is challenging due to the problem of self-quenching of the encapsulated dyes. Moreover, the photostability of organic dyes is much lower than that of quantum dots. To address both problems, we studied encapsulation into biodegradable polymer PLGA NPs of perylene diimide (PDI) derivatives, which are among the most photostable dyes reported to date. Two PDIs were tested, one bearing bulky hydrophobic groups at the imides, while the other was substituted in both imide and bay regions (Lumogen Red). Encapsulation of the former resulted in aggregation, which was accompanied by the emission color change from green to red, some decrease in the fluorescence quantum yield and a significant drop in the photostability, unexpected for PDI dyes. In contrast, Lumogen Red showed nearly no aggregation inside polymer NPs and maintained high quantum yield and photostability. According to wide-field fluorescence microscopy with a 532 nm excitation laser, our 40 nm PLGA NPs loaded with 1 wt% Lumogen Red were >10-fold brighter than quantum dots (QD-585). These NPs were stable in biological media, including serum, and entered spontaneously into HeLa cells by endocytosis showing no sign of cytotoxicity. Due to excellent photostability, these nanoparticles could be considered as biodegradable substitutes of quantum dots in bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Trofymchuk
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 ILLKIRCH Cedex, France.
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Reisch A, Roger E, Phoeung T, Antheaume C, Orthlieb C, Boulmedais F, Lavalle P, Schlenoff JB, Frisch B, Schaaf P. On the benefits of rubbing salt in the cut: self-healing of saloplastic PAA/PAH compact polyelectrolyte complexes. Adv Mater 2014; 26:2547-51. [PMID: 24478263 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The inherent room temperature mending and self-healing properties of saloplastic PAA/PAH CoPECs are studied. After ultracentrifugation of PAA/PAH polyelectrolyte complexes, tough, elastic materials are obtained that undergo self-healing facilitated by salt. At intermediate salt concentrations the CoPECs remain elastic enough to recover their original shape while the chains are mobile enough to repair the cut, thus leading to actual self-healing behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Reisch
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 Route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France; International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67083, Strasbourg, France
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Voll R, Alexander T, Peukert R, Rubbert A, Rech J, Braun T, Wiesener M, Eckardt KU, Hoyer B, Taddeo A, Reisch A, Burmester GR, Radbruch A, Schett G, Hiepe F. SAT0203 Successful treatment of refractory SLE patients with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib – a case series. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.3150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Englbrecht M, Rech J, Finzel S, Reisch A, Ronneberger M, Weiss S, Manger B, Schett G. AB0314 Often used but rarely investigated: Psychometric properties of common pain measures in rheumatoid arthritis – preliminary results from an outpatient cohort. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E. Coughlin
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe Florida State UniversityTallahassee Florida32306
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe Florida State UniversityTallahassee Florida32306
| | - Marie Z. Markarian
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe Florida State UniversityTallahassee Florida32306
| | - Joseph B. Schlenoff
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe Florida State UniversityTallahassee Florida32306
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Hiepe F, Alexander T, Peukert R, Rubbert A, Rech J, Braun T, Schott G, Wiesener M, Eckardt KU, Baeuerle M, Reisch A, Hoyer B, Taddeo A, Burmester G, Schett G, Radbruch A, Voll RE. Refractory SLE patients respond to the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Ann Rheum Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-201230.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Markarian MZ, Hariri HH, Reisch A, Urban VS, Schlenoff JB. A Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Study of the Equilibrium Conformation of Polyelectrolytes in Stoichiometric Saloplastic Polyelectrolyte Complexes. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2022666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Haifa H. Hariri
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | | | - Volker S. Urban
- Center for Structural Molecular
Biology, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,
Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Joseph B. Schlenoff
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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Abstract
In situ nanoindentation was performed on a multilayer of poly(acrylic acid) and a high molecular weight, pendant chain polyviologen under controlled electrochemical potential. The modulus of the thin film of polyelectrolyte complex was reversibly modulated, by about an order of magnitude, upon changing the state of charge within the material using the electrochemically active and addressable viologen repeat units. The applied potential, under aqueous conditions, is believed to control the extent of cross-link formation. Simultaneous quartz crystal microbalance measurements revealed the flux of ions into or out of the multilayer during redox cycling. Apparent film modulus also depends on the identity of the last layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Reisch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University Tallahassee, Florida 32306 (U.S.A.)
| | - Maroun D. Moussallem
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University Tallahassee, Florida 32306 (U.S.A.)
| | - Joseph B. Schlenoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University Tallahassee, Florida 32306 (U.S.A.)
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Al-Hariri LA, Reisch A, Schlenoff JB. Exploring the heteroatom effect on polyelectrolyte multilayer assembly: the neglected polyoniums. Langmuir 2011; 27:3914-3919. [PMID: 21341782 DOI: 10.1021/la104109f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Different positive polyelectrolytes having the same charge density, molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution were employed for polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEMU) assembly. The polycations differed only in the heteroatom on which the positive charge resided: poly(vinyl benzyl trimethyl ammonium) chloride, poly(vinyl benzyl trimethyl phosphonium) chloride, and poly(vinyl benzyl dimethyl sulfonium) chloride. While the ammonium repeat unit has been employed on numerous occasions for PEMU assembly, the phosphonium and sulfonium units are relatively neglected. The polyanions, poly(styrene sulfonate), PSS, or poly(acrylic acid), PAA, were typical pH-independent or pH-dependent polymers, respectively. All three polyoniums were quite similar in showing linear layer-by-layer buildup with PSS and exponential growth with PAA, under the conditions employed. Hydration and wettability were also similar between polyoniums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara A Al-Hariri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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Reisch A, Voegel JC, Gonthier E, Decher G, Senger B, Schaaf P, Mésini PJ. Polyelectrolyte multilayers capped with polyelectrolytes bearing phosphorylcholine and triethylene glycol groups: parameters influencing antifouling properties. Langmuir 2009; 25:3610-3617. [PMID: 19708246 DOI: 10.1021/la8037846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the design of antifouling surfaces by the deposition of polyelectrolytes modified by grafting of antifouling groups onto a (PSS/PAH)n precursor multilayer film [PSS, poly(styrenesulfonate); PAH, poly(allylamine)]. Different polyelectrolytes and different antifouling moieties are investigated, in particular, (EO)3 and (EO)3PC moieties (EO, ethylene oxide; PC, phosphorylcholine group). We find that protein adsorption can strongly be reduced and even practically suppressed through the deposition of only one layer of polyelectrolyte modified with PC and/or (EO)3 groups. We discuss the influence of various parameters such as the nature of the polyelectrolyte backbone, the nature of the antifouling moiety, and the grafting ratio on the reduction of protein adsorption. We find in particular that (EO)3 and (EO)3PC moieties grafted on poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) totally prevent protein adsorption for grafting ratios of 25% or more, at least within the detection limits of the used quartz crystal microbalance and optical waveguide light mode spectroscopy devices. The mechanism that leads to the antifouling property is discussed and compared to that leading to the antifouling properties of ethylene oxide self-assembled monolayers. Finally, by incorporating biotin on top of the precursor film, we show that one layer of PAA-(EO)3PC is not sufficient to prevent interaction with streptavidin but a PAA-(EO)3PC/PAH/PAA-(EO)3PC multilayer largely protects the biotin from interacting with streptavidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Reisch
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67037 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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Reisch A, Hemmerlé J, Voegel JC, Gonthier E, Decher G, Benkirane-Jessel N, Chassepot A, Mertz D, Lavalle P, Mésini P, Schaaf P. Polyelectrolyte multilayer coatings that resist protein adsorption at rest and under stretching. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b808467j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Reisch
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Farnbacher MJ, Reisch A, Lederer R, Schneider T. [Video capsule endoscopy in a group of networked users: effective and cost saving]. Z Gastroenterol 2004; 42:505-8. [PMID: 15190445 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-813189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present extensive application of video capsule endoscopy (VCE) as the most innovative diagnostic tool for small bowel diseases is limited by its high costs. The present study describes the first experience in the mobile use of VCE in a cooperation of associated gastroenterology departments in different hospitals. METHODS The VCE device was bought by a centrally located hospital. In the case of a need for VCE elsewhere the mobile equipment was brought to the respective hospital. The examination was done on site by local physicians, who additionally were responsible for the procedure itself. The evaluation of the VCE pictures was carried out exclusively by the Ophysicians of the central hospital. RESULTS Within 15 months VCE was performed in 40 patients (19 male, 21 female; age 61 +/- 14 years). Ten examinations were performed in the central hospital, 30 in the associated gastroenterology departments of other hospitals. Indications for VCE were obscure GI bleeding (65 %), chronic diarrhea and Crohn's disease (17.5 %) or suspected small bowel neoplasms (17.5 %). Clinically relevant pathological abnormalities were detected in 62.5 % of the patients, mainly ulcerations and erosions. Complications were non-spontaneous capsule passage in one patient. Compared to a single hospital, the multicenter use of VCE increased the frequency of investigations four times and reduced expenses to almost 30 %. CONCLUSIONS The mobile use of VCE makes this innovative technique available for every patient while remaining in his local gastroenterology department. Additionally, this concept accelerates amortization and improves the quality of evaluation by focusing experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Farnbacher
- Medizinische Klinik 2, Klinikum Fürth, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg.
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