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Dexheimer TS, Rosenthal AS, Luci D, Liang Q, Villamil MA, Jadhav A, Simeonov A, Zhuang Z, Maloney DJ. Abstract LB-11: Discovery, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship of N-benzyl-2-phenylpyrimidin-4-amine derivatives as potent USP1/UAF1 deubiquitinase inhibitors with anticancer activity against non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-lb-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination is a dynamic and reversible post-translational modification that has been linked to many essential cellular processes in eukaryotes. In addition, deregulation of ubiquitin conjugation or deconjugation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases, including cancer. For example, the deubiquitinating enzyme USP1 (ubiquitin-specific protease 1) in association with its WD40-repeat protein binding partner, UAF1 (USP1-associated factor 1), is a known regulator of DNA damage tolerance and repair and has been proposed as a promising target for anticancer therapy. To further evaluate the USP1/UAF1 complex as a therapeutic target, we conducted a quantitative high throughput screen of >400,000 compounds and subsequent medicinal chemistry optimization in pursuit of small molecules that inhibit the deubiquitinating activity of USP1/UAF1. These efforts lead to the identification of ML323 and a series of N-benzyl-2-phenylpyrimidin-4-amine derivatives, which possess nanomolar USP1/UAF1 inhibition and exhibit excellent selectivity over related proteases. Moreover, we demonstrate a strong correlation between compound IC50 values for USP1/UAF1 inhibition in vitro and activity in non-small cell lung cancer cells, specifically increasing the level of ubiquitinated-PCNA and decreasing cell survival. Taken together, our results establish the druggability of the USP1/UAF1 deubiquitinase complex and its potential as molecular target for anticancer therapies.
Citation Format: Thomas S. Dexheimer, Andrew S. Rosenthal, Diane Luci, Qin Liang, Mark A. Villamil, Ajit Jadhav, Anton Simeonov, Zhihao Zhuang, David J. Maloney. Discovery, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship of N-benzyl-2-phenylpyrimidin-4-amine derivatives as potent USP1/UAF1 deubiquitinase inhibitors with anticancer activity against non-small cell lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-11. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-11
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Diane Luci
- 1National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD
| | | | | | - Ajit Jadhav
- 1National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD
| | - Anton Simeonov
- 1National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD
| | | | - David J. Maloney
- 1National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD
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2
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Dexheimer TS, Rosenthal AS, Luci DK, Liang Q, Villamil MA, Chen J, Sun H, Kerns EH, Simeonov A, Jadhav A, Zhuang Z, Maloney DJ. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of N-benzyl-2-phenylpyrimidin-4-amine derivatives as potent USP1/UAF1 deubiquitinase inhibitors with anticancer activity against nonsmall cell lung cancer. J Med Chem 2014; 57:8099-110. [PMID: 25229643 PMCID: PMC4191588 DOI: 10.1021/jm5010495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Deregulation
of ubiquitin conjugation or deconjugation has been
implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases including cancer.
The deubiquitinating enzyme USP1 (ubiquitin-specific protease 1),
in association with UAF1 (USP1-associated factor 1), is a known regulator
of DNA damage response and has been shown as a promising anticancer
target. To further evaluate USP1/UAF1 as a therapeutic target, we
conducted a quantitative high throughput screen of >400000 compounds
and subsequent medicinal chemistry optimization of small molecules
that inhibit the deubiquitinating activity of USP1/UAF1. Ultimately,
these efforts led to the identification of ML323 (70)
and related N-benzyl-2-phenylpyrimidin-4-amine derivatives,
which possess nanomolar USP1/UAF1 inhibitory potency. Moreover, we
demonstrate a strong correlation between compound IC50 values
for USP1/UAF1 inhibition and activity in nonsmall cell lung cancer
cells, specifically increased monoubiquitinated PCNA (Ub-PCNA) levels
and decreased cell survival. Our results establish the druggability
of the USP1/UAF1 deubiquitinase complex and its potential as a molecular
target for anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Dexheimer
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
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Marchand C, Huang SYN, Dexheimer TS, Lea WA, Mott BT, Chergui A, Naumova A, Stephen AG, Rosenthal AS, Rai G, Murai J, Gao R, Maloney DJ, Jadhav A, Jorgensen WL, Simeonov A, Pommier Y. Biochemical assays for the discovery of TDP1 inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:2116-26. [PMID: 25024006 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drug screening against novel targets is warranted to generate biochemical probes and new therapeutic drug leads. TDP1 and TDP2 are two DNA repair enzymes that have yet to be successfully targeted. TDP1 repairs topoisomerase I-, alkylation-, and chain terminator-induced DNA damage, whereas TDP2 repairs topoisomerase II-induced DNA damage. Here, we report the quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) of the NIH Molecular Libraries Small Molecule Repository using recombinant human TDP1. We also developed a secondary screening method using a multiple loading gel-based assay where recombinant TDP1 is replaced by whole cell extract (WCE) from genetically engineered DT40 cells. While developing this assay, we determined the importance of buffer conditions for testing TDP1, and most notably the possible interference of phosphate-based buffers. The high specificity of endogenous TDP1 in WCE allowed the evaluation of a large number of hits with up to 600 samples analyzed per gel via multiple loadings. The increased stringency of the WCE assay eliminated a large fraction of the initial hits collected from the qHTS. Finally, inclusion of a TDP2 counter-screening assay allowed the identification of two novel series of selective TDP1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Marchand
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute;
| | - Shar-yin N Huang
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Thomas S Dexheimer
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Wendy A Lea
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Bryan T Mott
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Adel Chergui
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Alena Naumova
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Andrew G Stephen
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland; and
| | - Andrew S Rosenthal
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Ganesha Rai
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Junko Murai
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Rui Gao
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - David J Maloney
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Ajit Jadhav
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | | | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute;
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Liang Q, Dexheimer TS, Zhang P, Rosenthal AS, Villamil MA, You C, Zhang Q, Chen J, Ott CA, Sun H, Luci DK, Yuan B, Simeonov A, Jadhav A, Xiao H, Wang Y, Maloney DJ, Zhuang Z. A selective USP1-UAF1 inhibitor links deubiquitination to DNA damage responses. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 10:298-304. [PMID: 24531842 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination and deubiquitination are central to the control of a large number of cellular pathways and signaling networks in eukaryotes. Although the essential roles of ubiquitination have been established in the eukaryotic DNA damage response, the deubiquitination process remains poorly defined. Chemical probes that perturb the activity of deubiquitinases (DUBs) are needed to characterize the cellular function of deubiquitination. Here we report ML323 (2), a highly potent inhibitor of the USP1-UAF1 deubiquitinase complex with excellent selectivity against human DUBs, deSUMOylase, deneddylase and unrelated proteases. Using ML323, we interrogated deubiquitination in the cellular response to UV- and cisplatin-induced DNA damage and revealed new insights into the requirement of deubiquitination in the DNA translesion synthesis and Fanconi anemia pathways. Moreover, ML323 potentiates cisplatin cytotoxicity in non-small cell lung cancer and osteosarcoma cells. Our findings point to USP1-UAF1 as a key regulator of the DNA damage response and a target for overcoming resistance to the platinum-based anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Thomas S Dexheimer
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Andrew S Rosenthal
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark A Villamil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Changjun You
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Qiuting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junjun Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Christine A Ott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Hongmao Sun
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Diane K Luci
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bifeng Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ajit Jadhav
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hui Xiao
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Analysis and Proteomics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - David J Maloney
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhihao Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
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5
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Rosenthal AS, Dexheimer TS, Gileadi O, Nguyen GH, Chu WK, Hickson ID, Jadhav A, Simeonov A, Maloney DJ. Synthesis and SAR studies of 5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine derivatives as potent inhibitors of Bloom helicase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:5660-6. [PMID: 24012121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Human cells utilize a variety of complex DNA repair mechanisms in order to combat constant mutagenic and cytotoxic threats from both exogenous and endogenous sources. The RecQ family of DNA helicases, which includes Bloom helicase (BLM), plays an important function in DNA repair by unwinding complementary strands of duplex DNA as well as atypical DNA structures such as Holliday junctions. Mutations of the BLM gene can result in Bloom syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder associated with cancer predisposition. BLM-deficient cells exhibit increased sensitivity to DNA damaging agents indicating that a selective BLM inhibitor could be useful in potentiating the anticancer activity of these agents. In this work, we describe the medicinal chemistry optimization of the hit molecule following a quantitative high-throughput screen of >355,000 compounds. These efforts lead to the identification of ML216 and related analogs, which possess potent BLM inhibition and exhibit selectivity over related helicases. Moreover, these compounds demonstrated cellular activity by inducing sister chromatid exchanges, a hallmark of Bloom syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Rosenthal
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20892
| | - Thomas S Dexheimer
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20892
| | - Opher Gileadi
- The Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Giang H Nguyen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.,Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Wai Kit Chu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Nordea Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, '2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ian D Hickson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Nordea Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, '2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ajit Jadhav
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20892
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20892
| | - David J Maloney
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20892
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6
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He R, Mott BT, Rosenthal AS, Genna DT, Posner GH, Arav-Boger R. An artemisinin-derived dimer has highly potent anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) and anti-cancer activities. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24334. [PMID: 21904628 PMCID: PMC3164168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that two artemisinin-derived dimers (dimer primary alcohol 606 and dimer sulfone 4-carbamate 832-4) are significantly more potent in inhibiting human cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication than artemisinin-derived monomers. In our continued evaluation of the activities of artemisinins in CMV inhibition, twelve artemisinin-derived dimers and five artemisinin-derived monomers were used. Dimers as a group were found to be potent inhibitors of CMV replication. Comparison of CMV inhibition and the slope parameter of dimers and monomers suggest that dimers are distinct in their anti-CMV activities. A deoxy dimer (574), lacking the endoperoxide bridge, did not have any effect on CMV replication, suggesting a role for the endoperoxide bridge in CMV inhibition. Differences in anti-CMV activity were observed among three structural analogs of dimer sulfone 4-carbamate 832-4 indicating that the exact placement and oxidation state of the sulfur atom may contribute to its anti-CMV activity. Of all tested dimers, artemisinin-derived diphenyl phosphate dimer 838 proved to be the most potent inhibitor of CMV replication, with a selectivity index of approximately 1500, compared to our previously reported dimer sulfone 4-carbamate 832-4 with a selectivity index of about 900. Diphenyl phosphate dimer 838 was highly active against a Ganciclovir-resistant CMV strain and was also the most active dimer in inhibition of cancer cell growth. Thus, diphenyl phosphate dimer 838 may represent a lead for development of a highly potent and safe anti-CMV compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran He
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bryan T. Mott
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrew S. Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Douglas T. Genna
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gary H. Posner
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ravit Arav-Boger
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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7
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Rosenthal AS, Tanega C, Shen M, Mott BT, Bougie JM, Nguyen DT, Misteli T, Auld DS, Maloney DJ, Thomas CJ. Potent and selective small molecule inhibitors of specific isoforms of Cdc2-like kinases (Clk) and dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinases (Dyrk). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:3152-8. [PMID: 21450467 PMCID: PMC3085634 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.02.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Continued examination of substituted 6-arylquinazolin-4-amines as Clk4 inhibitors resulted in selective inhibitors of Clk1, Clk4, Dyrk1A and Dyrk1B. Several of the most potent inhibitors were validated as being highly selective within a comprehensive kinome scan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Rosenthal
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH 9800 Medical Center Drive, MSC 3370 Bethesda, MD 20892-3370 USA
| | - Cordelle Tanega
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH 9800 Medical Center Drive, MSC 3370 Bethesda, MD 20892-3370 USA
| | - Min Shen
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH 9800 Medical Center Drive, MSC 3370 Bethesda, MD 20892-3370 USA
| | - Bryan T. Mott
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH 9800 Medical Center Drive, MSC 3370 Bethesda, MD 20892-3370 USA
| | - James M. Bougie
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH 9800 Medical Center Drive, MSC 3370 Bethesda, MD 20892-3370 USA
| | - Dac-Trung Nguyen
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH 9800 Medical Center Drive, MSC 3370 Bethesda, MD 20892-3370 USA
| | - Tom Misteli
- Cell Biology of Genomes, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 41 Library Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Douglas S. Auld
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH 9800 Medical Center Drive, MSC 3370 Bethesda, MD 20892-3370 USA
| | - David J. Maloney
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH 9800 Medical Center Drive, MSC 3370 Bethesda, MD 20892-3370 USA
| | - Craig J. Thomas
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH 9800 Medical Center Drive, MSC 3370 Bethesda, MD 20892-3370 USA
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8
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Rosenthal AS, Chen X, Liu JO, West DC, Hergenrother PJ, Shapiro TA, Posner GH. Malaria-infected mice are cured by a single oral dose of new dimeric trioxane sulfones which are also selectively and powerfully cytotoxic to cancer cells. J Med Chem 2009; 52:1198-203. [PMID: 19186946 PMCID: PMC2698029 DOI: 10.1021/jm801484v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A new series of 6 dimeric trioxane sulfones has been prepared from the natural trioxane artemisinin in five or six chemical steps. One of these thermally and hydrolytically stable new chemical entities (4c) completely cured malaria-infected mice via a single oral dose of 144 mg/kg. At a much lower single oral dose of only 54 mg/kg combined with 13 mg/kg of mefloquine hydrochloride, this trioxane dimer 4c as well as its parent trioxane dimer 4b also completely cured malaria-infected mice. Both dimers 4c and 4b were potently and selectively cytotoxic toward five cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2685
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Jun O. Liu
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Diana C. West
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
| | | | - Theresa A. Shapiro
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Gary H. Posner
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2685
- The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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9
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Posner GH, Chang W, Hess L, Woodard L, Sinishtaj S, Usera AR, Maio W, Rosenthal AS, Kalinda AS, D’Angelo JG, Petersen KS, Stohler R, Chollet J, Santo-Tomas J, Snyder C, Rottmann M, Wittlin S, Brun R, Shapiro TA. Malaria-Infected Mice Are Cured by Oral Administration of New Artemisinin Derivatives. J Med Chem 2008; 51:1035-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jm701168h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary H. Posner
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2685, The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland, and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Wonsuk Chang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2685, The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland, and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Lindsey Hess
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2685, The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland, and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Lauren Woodard
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2685, The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland, and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Sandra Sinishtaj
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2685, The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland, and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Aimee R. Usera
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2685, The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland, and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - William Maio
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2685, The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland, and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Andrew S. Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2685, The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland, and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Alvin S. Kalinda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2685, The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland, and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - John G. D’Angelo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2685, The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland, and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Kimberly S. Petersen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2685, The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland, and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Remo Stohler
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2685, The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland, and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Jacques Chollet
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2685, The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland, and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Josefina Santo-Tomas
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2685, The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland, and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Christopher Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2685, The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland, and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Matthias Rottmann
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2685, The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland, and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Sergio Wittlin
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2685, The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland, and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Reto Brun
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2685, The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland, and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Theresa A. Shapiro
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2685, The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland, and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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10
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Posner GH, Paik IH, Chang W, Borstnik K, Sinishtaj S, Rosenthal AS, Shapiro TA. Malaria-Infected Mice Are Cured by a Single Dose of Novel Artemisinin Derivatives. J Med Chem 2007; 50:2516-9. [PMID: 17439113 DOI: 10.1021/jm070149m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We disclose here for the first time the curative activity of a new generation of trioxane dimers, designed logically and prepared easily from the natural trioxane artemisinin in only four or five chemical steps that would be easily accomplished also on a manufacturing scale. Four of these trioxane dimers cure malaria-infected mice after only a single subcutaneous dose, and two other dimers cure after three oral doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary H Posner
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- V J Merluzzi
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877
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12
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Rosenthal AS, Forest T, Gonzales M. Threshold eta photoproduction. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1991; 44:2765-2770. [PMID: 9967711 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.44.2765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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13
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Richman D, Rosenthal AS, Skoog M, Eckner RJ, Chou TC, Sabo JP, Merluzzi VJ. BI-RG-587 is active against zidovudine-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and synergistic with zidovudine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1991; 35:305-8. [PMID: 1708976 PMCID: PMC244996 DOI: 10.1128/aac.35.2.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of dipyridodiazepinones have been shown to be potent inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase. The lead compound, BI-RG-587, had a 50% inhibitory concentration of 84 nM against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity. This compound reduced plaque formation of HIV-1 in HeLa cells expressing the CD4 receptor by 50% at 15 nM. BI-RG-587 at comparable concentrations inhibited the production of p24 antigen following the acute infection of CEM T-lymphoblastoid cells or primary human monocyte-derived macrophages with HIV-1. No inhibitory effects against HIV-2 or against three picornaviruses were detected. Zidovudine (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine [AZT])-susceptible and AZT-resistant isolates of HIV-1 were equally susceptible to BI-RG-587. AZT and BI-RG-587 exhibited synergistic inhibition of HIV-1BRU at all concentrations examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Richman
- University of California, San Diego 92161
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14
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Halderson D, Rosenthal AS. Photoproduction of eta mesons from nuclei. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1990; 42:2584-2590. [PMID: 9967009 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.42.2584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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15
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Abstract
The link between agitated behaviors and cognitive functioning in 408 nursing home residents was examined. Results showed that cognitively impaired residents manifested aggressive behaviors (e.g., cursing, hitting) and physically nonaggressive behaviors (e.g., pacing). The highest levels of physically nonaggressive behaviors were manifested by those residents who presented intermediate levels of impairment in their performance of activities of daily living. Cognitively intact residents exhibited verbally agitated behaviors (e.g., complaining). These findings have important implications for caregivers of agitated nursing home residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cohen-Mansfield
- Research Institute, Hebrew Home of Greater Washington, Rockville, Maryland 20852
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16
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Abstract
The link between agitated behaviors and cognitive functioning in 408 nursing home residents was examined. Results showed that cognitively impaired residents manifested aggressive behaviors (e.g., cursing, hitting) and physically nonaggressive behaviors (e.g., pacing). The highest levels of physically nonaggressive behaviors were manifested by those residents who presented intermediate levels of impairment in their performance of activities of daily living. Cognitively intact residents exhibited verbally agitated behaviors (e.g., complaining). These findings have important implications for caregivers of agitated nursing home residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cohen-Mansfield
- Research Institute, Hebrew Home of Greater Washington, Rockville, Maryland 20852
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17
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Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between agitation and medical and psychiatric diagnoses. Agitation marked by aggressive behaviors (e.g., hit, kick) was related to dementia and impairments in activities of daily living. Physically nonaggressive behaviors (e.g., pacing, disrobing inappropriately) correlated with cognitive impairment, fewer medical diagnoses, and absence of a hearing loss. Verbally agitated behaviors (e.g., constant complaints) were manifested by residents with more physical diagnoses, mental disease (other than schizophrenia and affective disorders), more reported pain, and higher cognitive functioning than the population as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cohen-Mansfield
- Research Institute, Hebrew Home of Greater Washington, Washington, D.C
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18
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Merluzzi VJ, Cipriano D, McNeil D, Fuchs V, Supeau C, Rosenthal AS, Skiles JW. Evaluation of zinc complexes on the replication of rhinovirus 2 in vitro. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 1989; 66:425-40. [PMID: 2558406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The effect of zinc salts and complexes were evaluated on the replication of rhinovirus 2 in vitro. Zinc chloride inhibited the replication of rhinovirus 2 at concentrations between 3 and 12 micrograms/ml. Influenza virus was not affected. A number of zinc complexes were tested and compared to zinc chloride. The results indicated that the activity and toxicity of all zinc complexes in the rhinovirus cytopathogenic effect (CPE) assay were directly related to the amount of unbound zinc available.
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Affiliation(s)
- V J Merluzzi
- Department of Immunology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877
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19
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Abstract
Agitation is a significant problem for elderly persons, their families, and their caregivers. This study describes the agitated behaviors of 408 nursing home residents. Nurses who were familiar with the residents used a 7-point scale to rate how often each resident manifested 29 agitated behaviors. Each resident was rated independently by three nurses, one from each of the three nursing shifts. Results showed that agitated behaviors occurred most often during the day shift (i.e., when residents were most active), and least often during the night shift. The most frequently exhibited agitated behaviors were general restlessness, pacing, repetitious sentences, requests for attention, complaining, negativism, and cursing. Most agitated behaviors correlated significantly across shifts, suggesting that such behaviors occur and reoccur throughout the 24-hour day. Factor analysis yielded three syndromes of agitation: aggressive behavior, physically nonaggressive behavior, and verbally agitated behavior. These results provide a foundation for further studies of agitation in elderly persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cohen-Mansfield
- Research Institute of the Hebrew Home of Greater Washington, Rockville, MD
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20
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Abstract
This study investigated absenteeism among nursing staff at a long-term care facility. Four absenteeism measures were calculated from personnel records for each month of the year: no pay, sum of unscheduled, unpaid-sick and leave without pay; part-day, sum of arrived late and left early; paid-sick; and total. Independent variables included job level, part/full-time status, shift, sex, marital status, number of tax exemptions, birth year, and year of employment. Absenteeism was lowest in winter; lower for higher level staff; higher the greater the number of exemptions taken; and most importantly, lower for staff with seniority.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cohen-Mansfield
- Research Institute of the Hebrew Home of Greater Washington, Rockville, MD 20852
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21
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Hammond WP, Miller JE, Starkebaum G, Zweerink HJ, Rosenthal AS, Dale DC. Suppression of in vitro granulocytopoiesis by captopril and penicillamine. Exp Hematol 1988; 16:674-80. [PMID: 2841147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying drug-induced neutropenia are poorly characterized. We have examined the mechanism of suppression of granulocytopoiesis by captopril and penicillamine using human and canine bone marrow cells in an in vitro culture system. Addition of captopril caused no significant change in granulocyte-macrophage colony formation at concentrations up to 30 micrograms/ml. In the presence of CuSO4 (1-3 micrograms/ml), however, captopril caused significant inhibition of colony growth (p less than 0.05). Penicillamine, another agent associated with neutropenia and, like captopril, having a reactive thiol group, also inhibited colony formation in the presence of copper. Chemical congeners of captopril lacking a reactive thiol group and enalaprilic acid, an alternative angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, failed to show inhibition, suggesting that the thiol group and not ACE inhibition was responsible. Analysis of day-7 colonies (98% neutrophilic) and day-21 colonies (37% neutrophilic, 30% macrophagic, 27% eosinophilic, and 6% mixed) showed that neutrophil-containing colonies, but not nonneutrophilic colonies were inhibited by the addition of captopril plus copper. Catalase totally reversed the inhibition of colony formation caused by these agents. Direct measurement of oxygen consumption in the presence of captopril showed marked enhancement with the addition of CuSO4 and a 48% reduction in the presence of added catalase. These data indicate that drugs with a reactive thiol group can interact with copper to generate H2O2, which can be toxic to neutrophilic progenitor cells. We postulate that this may be an important mechanism for drug-associated neutropenia and a general mechanism for drug-induced marrow cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- W P Hammond
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98195
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22
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Tse HY, Hansen TH, Lin SC, Rosenthal AS. T-cells recognize IA conformation in the interaction with antigen presenting cells. Adv Exp Med Biol 1987; 225:55-63. [PMID: 3331064 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5442-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Y Tse
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
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23
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Nussbaum SR, Lin CS, Potts JT, Rosenthal AS, Rosenblatt M. Development of monoclonal antibodies against parathyroid hormone: genetic control of the immune response to human PTH. Methods Enzymol 1985; 109:625-38. [PMID: 3921804 DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(85)09119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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24
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Lin CC, Hansen TH, Passmore HC, Rosenthal AS, Tse HY, Walsh WD, Kanamori S. Delineation of Ia:nominal antigen complementary determinants recognized by T cells in studies of gene complementation in response to insulin. The Journal of Immunology 1984. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.132.1.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The immune response to beef insulin in mice is controlled by genes in the IA subregion. We have previously shown that B6.C-H-2bm12 (bm12) mice, an A beta gene mutation of B6, have a selective loss of responsiveness to beef insulin, whereas other IAb controlled responses such as (TG)AL and collagen are unchanged. F1 hybrid mice between two nonresponder genotypes Ik and Ibm12 were found to be good responders to beef insulin suggesting functional complementation. In this report, we define the cellular and molecular basis of this complementation by investigating the determinants on Ia molecules and nominal antigen that are recognized by (B10.A X bm12)F1 proliferating T cells. Genetic analyses demonstrated that the Ik region was the only nonresponder genotype that complemented Ibm12, thus restoring responsiveness to beef insulin. More precisely an IAk and not an IEk gene product was found to be responsible for this complementation. Antibody blocking studies furthermore showed that the A alpha b:A beta k hybrid Ia mediated the response to beef insulin in (B10.A X bm12)F1 mice. Clonal analyses of the response to beef insulin in these F1 mice confirmed these conclusions, because the insulin-specific response in all 21 F1-T cell clones studied thus far was found to be dependent upon presentation via the A alpha b:A beta k hybrid Ia molecule. Dissection of the antigenic specificity of the F1-T cell clones demonstrated recognition of at least two insulin determinants, one A-loop (A8-A10) associated and the other non-loop (A4 or B chain) associated. Therefore these studies identify the molecular and antigenic basis of the Ir gene complementation seen in the response to beef insulin of (B10.A X bm12)F1 hybrids.
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25
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Rokach J, Hayes EC, Girard Y, Lombardo DL, Maycock AL, Rosenthal AS, Young RN, Zamboni R, Zweerink HJ. The development of sensitive and specific radioimmunoassays for leukotrienes. Prostaglandins Leukot Med 1984; 13:21-5. [PMID: 6324239 DOI: 10.1016/0262-1746(84)90098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Radioimmunoassays for leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and for leukotriene B4 (LTB4) have been developed. LTC4 was conjugated with thiolated hemocyanin (Keyhole Limpet) (KLH) using 6-(N-maleimido)hexanoic acid chloride as coupling agent. LTB4 was converted to its hydrazide derivative, via the delta-lactone and the hydrazide was similarly coupled with thiolated KLH using 6-(N-maleimido)hexanoic acid chloride as coupling agent. These conjugates were used to consistently raise high titres of anti-leukotriene antibodies in rabbits. 14,15-[3H]-LTC4 was prepared by total synthesis via two routes. 14,15-[3H]-LTB4 was prepared by total synthesis. The assay for LTC4 recognizes LTC4, LTD4 and LTF4, and to a lesser extent, LTE4 with a detection limit of ca. 0.1 pmoles LTC4 per mL of sample. The assay for LTB4 is highly specific and has a similar detection limit.
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26
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Lin CC, Hansen TH, Passmore HC, Rosenthal AS, Tse HY, Walsh WD, Kanamori S. Delineation of Ia:nominal antigen complementary determinants recognized by T cells in studies of gene complementation in response to insulin. J Immunol 1984; 132:303-9. [PMID: 6197448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The immune response to beef insulin in mice is controlled by genes in the IA subregion. We have previously shown that B6.C-H-2bm12 (bm12) mice, an A beta gene mutation of B6, have a selective loss of responsiveness to beef insulin, whereas other IAb controlled responses such as (TG)AL and collagen are unchanged. F1 hybrid mice between two nonresponder genotypes Ik and Ibm12 were found to be good responders to beef insulin suggesting functional complementation. In this report, we define the cellular and molecular basis of this complementation by investigating the determinants on Ia molecules and nominal antigen that are recognized by (B10.A X bm12)F1 proliferating T cells. Genetic analyses demonstrated that the Ik region was the only nonresponder genotype that complemented Ibm12, thus restoring responsiveness to beef insulin. More precisely an IAk and not an IEk gene product was found to be responsible for this complementation. Antibody blocking studies furthermore showed that the A alpha b:A beta k hybrid Ia mediated the response to beef insulin in (B10.A X bm12)F1 mice. Clonal analyses of the response to beef insulin in these F1 mice confirmed these conclusions, because the insulin-specific response in all 21 F1-T cell clones studied thus far was found to be dependent upon presentation via the A alpha b:A beta k hybrid Ia molecule. Dissection of the antigenic specificity of the F1-T cell clones demonstrated recognition of at least two insulin determinants, one A-loop (A8-A10) associated and the other non-loop (A4 or B chain) associated. Therefore these studies identify the molecular and antigenic basis of the Ir gene complementation seen in the response to beef insulin of (B10.A X bm12)F1 hybrids.
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27
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Hayes EC, Lombardo DL, Girard Y, Maycock AL, Rokach J, Rosenthal AS, Young RN, Egan RW, Zweerink HJ. Measuring leukotrienes of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis: development of a specific radioimmunoassay. The Journal of Immunology 1983. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.131.1.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Rabbits were immunized with leukotriene C4 (LTC4) coupled to thiolated keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) by using 6-N-maleimidohexanoic acid as a spacer molecule. Immune serum was obtained with 7.9 nmol of LTC4-specific immunoglobulin per milliliter and a mean association constant of 2.1 X 10(9) M-1. A radioimmunoassay was developed that detected 0.1 pmol of LTC4 per 1-ml sample. LTD4 and LTE4, three isomers of LTC4, the sulfones of LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4, and one isomer of LTD4 reacted to varying degrees in the assay. A number of other structurally related compounds, such as LTB4 and 5-HETE, did not react. Conditions were established to determine LTC4 levels in human plasma without loss of LTC4 during sample preparation and without the need for extraction procedures before the measurement of LTC4.
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Hayes EC, Lombardo DL, Girard Y, Maycock AL, Rokach J, Rosenthal AS, Young RN, Egan RW, Zweerink HJ. Measuring leukotrienes of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis: development of a specific radioimmunoassay. J Immunol 1983; 131:429-33. [PMID: 6190920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Rabbits were immunized with leukotriene C4 (LTC4) coupled to thiolated keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) by using 6-N-maleimidohexanoic acid as a spacer molecule. Immune serum was obtained with 7.9 nmol of LTC4-specific immunoglobulin per milliliter and a mean association constant of 2.1 X 10(9) M-1. A radioimmunoassay was developed that detected 0.1 pmol of LTC4 per 1-ml sample. LTD4 and LTE4, three isomers of LTC4, the sulfones of LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4, and one isomer of LTD4 reacted to varying degrees in the assay. A number of other structurally related compounds, such as LTB4 and 5-HETE, did not react. Conditions were established to determine LTC4 levels in human plasma without loss of LTC4 during sample preparation and without the need for extraction procedures before the measurement of LTC4.
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Kahn CR, Mann D, Rosenthal AS, Galloway JA, Johnson AH, Mendell N. The immune response to insulin in man. Interaction of HLA alloantigens and the development of the immune response. Diabetes 1982; 31:716-23. [PMID: 6761210 DOI: 10.2337/diab.31.8.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In both mice and guinea pigs, the immunologic response to insulin has been demonstrated to be under immune response (Ir) gene control. In the present study, we have attempted to identify Ir genes to insulin in man by correlating HLA allotype with immunologic response to insulin. Three groups of patients were studied: (1) 117 diabetic patients with a history of exaggerated immunologic response to insulin (insulin allergy, resistance, or systemic reactions); (2) 95 insulin-taking diabetics without clinically significant immune response; and (3) 109 nondiabetic controls. Determination of HLA alloantigen frequencies in the “insulin allergic” population and the nonallergic diabetics revealed only modest increases of HLA-Bw44 (29% versus 16%, P < 0.05) and -DR7 (28% versus 15%, P < 0.05). Studies of linkage disequilibrium, however, revealed interesting associations involving HLA-A2, -Bw44, and -DR7 in the diabetic with insulin allergy that were not present in the nonallergic diabetic. Combinations of any two or all three of these antigens were observed in 39% of diabetics with insulin allergy but in only 3% of nonallergic diabetics. An intermediate frequency (23%) was observed in the normal population. Thus, if an individual with any combination of HLA-A2, -Bw44, and -DR7 develops diabetes and receives insulin therapy, there is over a 90% probability he will exhibit a clinically significant immune reaction to insulin (calculated relative risk = 20.6). These data suggest that in man, as in the mouse, the immune response to insulin is under genetic control, but this may involve interactions of several genes in the major histocompatibility (MHC) complex, or a locus in linkage with these genes that is not measured by current techniques.
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Yokomuro K, Mabuchi A, Saizawa M, Kojima N, Rosenthal AS, Kimura Y. Regulation of immune response by preadministration of cells briefly pulsed with antigen in vitro. I. Suppression of IgE antibody response by antigen pulsed spleen cells. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1982; 69:98-108. [PMID: 7049962 DOI: 10.1159/000233155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The intravenous administration of syngeneic spleen cells (SPCs) briefly pulsed with antigen in vitro, results in a profound state of IgE antibody unresponsiveness. In Balb/c mice, the primary response of anti-DNP, anti-beef insulin and anti-ovalbumin IgE antibody is completely suppressed by the administration of antigen-pulsed spleen cells, 1 X 10(7), 5 X 10(7) and 1 X 10(8), respectively. This suppression is antigen specific and effects both primary and secondary immune responses. Furthermore, the immune response to dinitrophenylated Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (DNP-KLH) is most extensively suppressed by DNP-KLH pulsed SPCs, intermediately suppressed by KLH-pulsed SPCs and minimally suppressed by dinitrophenylated mouse gamma globulin or dinitrophenylated mouse serum albumin pulsed SPCs. Suppressing directly cells specific for hapten and carrier, hapten carrier protein pulsed SPCs would caused the additive suppressive effect. The suppression is induced strongly by the intravenous administration of antigen pulsed spleen cells, slightly by the subcutaneous administration and is not induced by the intravenous administration of antigen solution in phosphate buffer saline. This suppression may be mediated by either of two different mechanisms: one of them is responsible for the immediate tolerance which is induced without any suppressor cells 1 day after the administration of antigen pulsed SPCs, and the other is responsible for the suppression transferred by suppressor cells or factors to normal mice 7 days after the administration of antigen pulsed SPCs. This method in which IgE antibody response is suppressed by the administration of cells briefly pulsed in vitro with antigen, provides a powerful tool to analyze the first step of antigen specific suppression developed in vivo by conventional antigens.
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Lin CC, Rosenthal AS, Passmore HC, Hansen TH. Selective loss of antigen-specific Ir gene function in IA mutant B6.C-H-2bm12 is an antigen presenting cell defect. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1981; 78:6406-10. [PMID: 7031650 PMCID: PMC349048 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.78.10.6406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune responses to several soluble antigens were compared between B6.C-H-2bm12 mutant and wild-type B6 mice by using a lymph node T-cell proliferation assay. B6.C-H-2bm12 mice failed to respond to beef insulin whereas other IA gene-controlled responses, such as response to poly(L-Tyr, L-Glu)--poly(DL-Ala, L-Lys) and collagen, were indistinguishable between mutant and wild-type mice. The responses to multideterminant antigens such as ovalbumin and purified protein derivative of tuberculin were also found to be comparable in B6.C-H-2bm12 and B6 mice, thus indicating that this mutation resulted in a selective loss of the ability to respond to a certain antigen(s)--e.g., beef insulin. Populations depleted of adherent cells have been used to examine the mechanism by which Ia molecules mediate Ir gene control of antigen recognition. We show that the nonresponsiveness to beef insulin in the mutant mouse is the result of defective antigen presentation. In addition, we find that F1 hybrids between two nonresponders--B6.C-H-2bm12 and B10.A or B10.AKM (IAk) mice--become responders to beef insulin, thus demonstrating gene complementation. These findings taken together with other serologic and biochemical studies in the B6.C-H-2bm12 present convincing genetic evidence for the direct association of the A beta polypeptide chain of the Iab molecules with the expression of immune responsiveness to beef insulin. Study of the B6.C-H-2bm12 mouse should provide new insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which Ir genes determine the nature of the immune response.
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Thomas JW, Danho W, Bullesbach E, Föhles J, Rosenthal AS. Immune response gene control of determinant selection. III. Polypeptide fragments of insulin are differentially recognized by T but not by B cells in insulin immune guinea pigs. The Journal of Immunology 1981. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.126.3.1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Synthetic polypeptides corresponding to restricted regions of the B chain of insulin were used to evaluate immune response gene control of guinea pigs immune to native insulin. The amino acids necessary for recall of immune memory were assessed at the level of the T cell by use of peptides 8 to 16 amino acids in length, representative of the amino terminus of the insulin B chain to induce antigen-specific proliferation and help for antibody formation. A single histidine residue in the 10th position of the B chain is critical for T cell activation. In addition, immune response genes operating in the macrophage discern the presence or absence of this residue and activate the appropriate T cell clones. Although receptor V region sharing may exist for T and B cells immune to globular proteins, it cannot be demonstrated by antigen specificity, since T proliferation and generation of T helper cells in response to intact insulin can be elicited by synthetic fragments that do not correspondingly induce antibodies that recognize the native molecule.
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Thomas JW, Danho W, Bullesbach E, Föhles J, Rosenthal AS. Immune response gene control of determinant selection. III. Polypeptide fragments of insulin are differentially recognized by T but not by B cells in insulin immune guinea pigs. J Immunol 1981; 126:1095-100. [PMID: 6161958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic polypeptides corresponding to restricted regions of the B chain of insulin were used to evaluate immune response gene control of guinea pigs immune to native insulin. The amino acids necessary for recall of immune memory were assessed at the level of the T cell by use of peptides 8 to 16 amino acids in length, representative of the amino terminus of the insulin B chain to induce antigen-specific proliferation and help for antibody formation. A single histidine residue in the 10th position of the B chain is critical for T cell activation. In addition, immune response genes operating in the macrophage discern the presence or absence of this residue and activate the appropriate T cell clones. Although receptor V region sharing may exist for T and B cells immune to globular proteins, it cannot be demonstrated by antigen specificity, since T proliferation and generation of T helper cells in response to intact insulin can be elicited by synthetic fragments that do not correspondingly induce antibodies that recognize the native molecule.
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Lin CS, Rosenthal AS, Hansen TH. I-A mutation resulted in a selective loss of an antigen-specific Ir gene function. J Supramol Struct Cell Biochem 1981; 16:115-20. [PMID: 6170758 DOI: 10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The immune responses to several antigens were compared in the I-A mutant mouse strain B6.C-H-2bm12 and the wild-type strain C57BL/6. With a lymph node cell proliferation assay, the response to two of these antigens, beef insulin and (TG)A-L, was demonstrated to be controlled by a gene in the I-Ab region. B6.C-H-2bm12 mice failed to respond to beef insulin, while their responses to (TG)A-L, DNP-OVA and PPD were comparable with those of the wild-type strain C57BL/6. Taken together with previous studies, these data suggest that the product of a single pleiotropic I-A gene, an Ia molecule, functions as a histocompatibility, Ia, and MLR antigen, as well as a necessary component for Ir gene function. Furthermore, the data reported here demonstrate that Ia molecules have multiple functional "Ir determinants," one of which has been altered in the B6.C-H-2bm12 mutant. The B6.C-H-2bm12 mice, therefore, represent a powerful analytical tool for the understanding of the cellular and molecular basis for Ir gene control of the immune response.
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Thomas JW, Schroer J, Yokomuro K, Blake JT, Rosenthal AS. Macrophage-lymphocyte interaction and genetic control of immune responsiveness. Adv Exp Med Biol 1980; 121B:165-79. [PMID: 94754 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-8914-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have reviewed briefly some of the diverse functions of macrophages in the immune response. Clearly, this population of cells interact physically with lymphoid cells, are required for activation of T cells, and process various protein antigens. Finally, we have studied the immune response to insulin in order to unify these previous data in such a way to demonstrate the active role of macrophages in the regulation of the immune response. The function of the Ir gene in the guinea pigs appears to be an intramolecular selection of discrete regions within the antigen for recognition by the T cell. The data presented suggest that this function operates at the level of the macrophage.
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Baskin BL, Blake JT, Rosenthal AS. Determinant specific suppression of antigen-induced T cell proliferation in the guinea pig. II. Determinant specific suppression of in vitro T cell responsiveness parallels a selective suppression of anti-hapten but not anti-carrier antibody responses. The Journal of Immunology 1980. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.124.1.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Using an antigen of defined physical structure with precisely mapped immunogenic sites, we asked whether those molecular sites previously shown to be critical for immune response gene-mediated initiation of T cell proliferation and T help correspond to the same molecular regions capable of inducing antigen-specific suppression of T cell proliferation and antibody production. Inbred strain 2, 13, and 2 x 13 F1 hybrid guinea pigs were immunized with various species variants or fragments of insulin adjuvant before subsequent immunization with antigen in complete Freund's adjuvant. Analysis of the patterns of depressed T cell responsiveness showed a striking correspondence to the Ir gene-dependent mechanism that controls the recognition of discrete regions within the insulin molecule observed in T cell help in antibody production. In addition, suppression of carrier-specific T cells parallels suppression of anti-hapten antibody responses when hapten is presented on the suppressed carrier without a concomitant suppression of the anti-carrier antibody response.
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Baskin BL, Rosenthal AS. Determinant specific suppression of antigen-induced T cell proliferation in the guinea pig. I. Quantitation of suppressed antigen-specific T cell responses as a consequence of prior exposure to antigen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. J Immunol 1980; 124:184-8. [PMID: 6153094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We have asked whether a correlation exists between T cell proliferation and the in vivo suppression of delayed type hypersensitivity observed after administration of antigen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant before exposure to antigen in complete Freund's adjuvant. We find that in vivo suppression is indeed paralleled by diminished in vitro responsiveness to the immunogen. Suppression of T cell proliferation is antigen-specific, dependent upon prior immunization of antigen in IFA, and can be transferred adaptively into unprimed but not primed animals by lymphoid cells from actively suppressed syngeneic donors.
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Baskin BL, Blake JT, Rosenthal AS. Determinant specific suppression of antigen-induced T cell proliferation in the guinea pig. II. Determinant specific suppression of in vitro T cell responsiveness parallels a selective suppression of anti-hapten but not anti-carrier antibody responses. J Immunol 1980; 124:189-93. [PMID: 6153095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Using an antigen of defined physical structure with precisely mapped immunogenic sites, we asked whether those molecular sites previously shown to be critical for immune response gene-mediated initiation of T cell proliferation and T help correspond to the same molecular regions capable of inducing antigen-specific suppression of T cell proliferation and antibody production. Inbred strain 2, 13, and 2 x 13 F1 hybrid guinea pigs were immunized with various species variants or fragments of insulin adjuvant before subsequent immunization with antigen in complete Freund's adjuvant. Analysis of the patterns of depressed T cell responsiveness showed a striking correspondence to the Ir gene-dependent mechanism that controls the recognition of discrete regions within the insulin molecule observed in T cell help in antibody production. In addition, suppression of carrier-specific T cells parallels suppression of anti-hapten antibody responses when hapten is presented on the suppressed carrier without a concomitant suppression of the anti-carrier antibody response.
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Baskin BL, Rosenthal AS. Determinant specific suppression of antigen-induced T cell proliferation in the guinea pig. I. Quantitation of suppressed antigen-specific T cell responses as a consequence of prior exposure to antigen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. The Journal of Immunology 1980. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.124.1.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We have asked whether a correlation exists between T cell proliferation and the in vivo suppression of delayed type hypersensitivity observed after administration of antigen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant before exposure to antigen in complete Freund's adjuvant. We find that in vivo suppression is indeed paralleled by diminished in vitro responsiveness to the immunogen. Suppression of T cell proliferation is antigen-specific, dependent upon prior immunization of antigen in IFA, and can be transferred adaptively into unprimed but not primed animals by lymphoid cells from actively suppressed syngeneic donors.
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Yokomuro K, Rosenthal AS. Genetically restricted immune responses in guinea pigs primed in vivo with antigen-bearing macrophages. J Immunol 1979; 123:2019-25. [PMID: 158611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Guinea pigs injected intradermally with antigen pulsed macrophages generate a population of immune T cells that proliferate in vitro on second exposure to antigen. T cells from F1 (2 X 13) guinea pigs immunized with DNP-OVA on one parental macrophage respond in vitro only to DNP-OVA on macrophages identical to those used for immunization and not to DNP-OVA associated with the other parental macrophages. These results demonstrate that the immunogenicity of antigen is dependent upon the macrophages used for priming in that, with this approach, strain 2 or 13 guinea pigs immunized with allogeneic macrophages pulsed with antigen do not respond to either allogeneic or syngeneic antigen-bearing macrophages. However, lysates of antigen-pulsed macrophages can still immunize either allogeneic or syngeneic recipient via their own macrophages. F1 (2 X 13) guinea pigs are immunized by insulin B chain pulsed strain 13 macrophages (responder) but not by strain 2 macrophages (nonresponder) suggesting that whether a F1 (nonresponder X responder) guinea pig recognizes antigen bound to a parental macrophage is genetically restricted before immunization to the same extent as the donor parental macrophages used for immunization.
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Rosenwasser LJ, Dinarello CA, Rosenthal AS. Adherent cell function in murine T-lymphocyte antigen recognition. IV. Enhancement of murine T-cell antigen recognition by human leukocytic pyrogen. J Exp Med 1979; 150:709-14. [PMID: 314491 PMCID: PMC2185642 DOI: 10.1084/jem.150.3.709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A macrophage-dependent, antigen-specific murine T-cell proliferation assay was utilized to examine the role of soluble products of murine and human adherent cells in the activation of T lymphocytes. Highly purified human leukocytic pyrogen, and supernates from both murine and human mononuclear phagocytes-macrophages stimulated the immune T-cell proliferative response to the multideterminant antigens dinitrophenyl-ovalbumin and keyhole limpet hemocyanin. The implications of these studies and the relationship of leukocytic pyrogen to human lymphocyte-activating factor are discussed.
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Rosenwasser LJ, Rosenthal AS. Adherent cell function in murine T lymphocyte antigen recognition. III. A macrophage-mediated immune response gene function in the mouse. J Immunol 1979; 123:1141-4. [PMID: 89161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The I region of the MHC appears to control antigen-specific macrophage-T lymphocyte interaction. The immune response to antigens such as Gl phi 9 are under control of two distinct I subregions, I-A and I-E/I-C. We have asked in a macrophage-dependent, antigen-specific murine T cell proliferation assay whether either or both gene products need be expressed in the antigen-presenting cells. We find that both Ir-Gl phi 9 alpha and beta genes must be expressed and function in the antigen-presenting cell.
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Schroer JA, Inman JK, Thomas JW, Rosenthal AS. H-2-linked Ir gene control of antibody responses to insulin. I. Anti-insulin plaque-forming cell primary responses. J Immunol 1979; 123:670-5. [PMID: 110878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Rosenwasser LJ, Barcinski MA, Schwartz RH, Rosenthal AS. Immune response gene control of determinant selection. II. Genetic control of the murine T lymphocyte proliferative response to insulin. J Immunol 1979; 123:471-6. [PMID: 87482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The genetic control of the murine T cell proliferative response to insulin was examined. It was found for two responder strains of mice that each recognizes a different determinant on the insulin molecule. H-2b mice recognize a determinant in the A chain loop of insulin whereas H-2d mice recognize a determinant that resides in the B chain, possibly in the last eight amino acids. Using H-2 recombinant strains of mice, the location of Ir gene control of the response to both determinants was mapped to the K region and/or I-A subregion of H-2. The possibility of non-MHC regulation of MHC-controlled immune responses is suggested by studies of recombinant inbred strains of mice.
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Braendstrup O, Werdelin O, Shevach EM, Rosenthal AS. Macrophage-lymphocyte clusters in the immune response to soluble protein antigen in vitro. VII. Genetically restricted and nonrestricted physical interactions. J Immunol 1979; 122:1608-13. [PMID: 448102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We have assessed the genetic restrictions on physical interactions between macrophages and central lymphocytes and between central and peripheral lymphocytes in antigen-specific macrophage-lymphocyte clusters with respect to I-region differences of inbred strains 2 and 13 guinea pigs. When using lymphocytes from guinea pigs immunized with DNP-OVA or DNP-GL in CFA, the antigen-specific interaction between central lymphocyte and macrophage requires that both cells be derived from animals syngeneic at the I-region of the major histocompatibility complex. In studies using antigens, the responses to which is under the control of MHC-linked Ir genes, macrophages from the responder, but not from the nonresponder parental strain support cluster formation with responder x nonresponder F1(2 X 13) T cells. In contrast, the physical interactions between central and peripheral T lymphocytes are not restricted by the I-region of the MHC and the peripheral lymphocyte need not be from an animal immune to the antigen used to drive macrophage central lymphocyte interactions.
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Rosenwasser LJ, Rosenthal AS. Adherent cell function in murine T lymphocyte antigen recognition. II. Definition of genetically restricted and nonrestricted macrophage functions in T cell proliferation. J Immunol 1978; 121:2497-501. [PMID: 82587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which adherent cells, presumably of mononuclear phagocytic lineage, influence in vitro antigen-specific activation of murine T lymphocytes was examined. Two distinct functions for macrophages could be discerned. One macrophage function is dependent on a soluble factor produced by cultured adherent cells and is most easily studied with complex multideterminant antigens. This factor is neither antigen-specific nor MHC-restricted in its action in that PEC, regardless of haplotype, produce factor in the absence of antigen. A second function, antigen-specific T cell activation, is seen when antigens of more restricted heterogeneity are used, such as those under the control of Ir genes. This latter activity demands identity or partial identity between the antigen-presenting cell and the primed T cell, thus suggesting an additional specific, genetically restricted function for macrophages in in vitro antigen recognition. Whether these adherent cell functions are mediated by all or distinct subsets of cells was not established.
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Abstract
The immune response to insulin, in both mouse and guinea pig, is under control of H-linked immune response genes. When immunized with either pork or beef insulin in CFA, both strain 2 and 13 guinea pigs respond by antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation and synthesis of specific antibody. The specificities of the elicited antibodies and indistinguishable between these inbred strains. By constrast, strain 2 T cells recognized a distinct region of the A chain alpha loop consisting of amino acid residues 8, 9 and 10, while strain 13 T cells see an as yet undefined region of the B chain. H2b (A chain alpha loop responder) and H2d (B chain responder) mice similarly discriminate which areas of the molecule are recognized by their T lymphocytes. The function of the Ir gene in both the guinea pig and mouse appears to be an intramolecular selection of discrete regions within the antigen for recognition by the T cell. The data presented suggest that this function operates at the level of the macrophage.
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