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Agarwal A, Biswas S, Swaroop S, Aggarwal A, Agarwal A, Jain G, Elhence A, Vaidya A, Gupte A, Mohanka R, Kumar R, Mishra AK, Gamanagatti S, Paul SB, Acharya SK, Shukla A, Shalimar. Clinical profile and outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma in primary Budd-Chiari syndrome. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:699-715. [PMID: 38577460 PMCID: PMC10989380 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i3.699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is scant literature on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS). AIM To assess the magnitude, clinical characteristics, feasibility, and outcomes of treatment in BCS-HCC. METHODS A total of 904 BCS patients from New Delhi, India and 1140 from Mumbai, India were included. The prevalence and incidence of HCC were determined, and among patients with BCS-HCC, the viability and outcomes of interventional therapy were evaluated. RESULTS In the New Delhi cohort of 35 BCS-HCC patients, 18 had HCC at index presentation (prevalence 1.99%), and 17 developed HCC over a follow-up of 4601 person-years, [incidence 0.36 (0.22-0.57) per 100 person-years]. BCS-HCC patients were older when compared to patients with BCS alone (P = 0.001) and had a higher proportion of inferior vena cava block, cirrhosis, and long-segment vascular obstruction. The median alpha-fetoprotein level was higher in patients with BCS-HCC at first presentation than those who developed HCC at follow-up (13029 ng/mL vs 500 ng/mL, P = 0.01). Of the 35 BCS-HCC, 26 (74.3%) underwent radiological interventions for BCS, and 22 (62.8%) patients underwent treatment for HCC [transarterial chemoembolization in 18 (81.8%), oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor in 3 (13.6%), and transarterial radioembolization in 1 (4.5%)]. The median survival among patients who underwent interventions for HCC compared with those who did not was 3.5 years vs 3.1 mo (P = 0.0001). In contrast to the New Delhi cohort, the Mumbai cohort of BCS-HCC patients were predominantly males, presented with a more advanced HCC [Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer C and D], and 2 patients underwent liver transplantation. CONCLUSION HCC is not uncommon in patients with BCS. Radiological interventions and liver transplantation are feasible in select primary BCS-HCC patients and may improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Agarwal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India
| | - Sagnik Biswas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India
| | - Shekhar Swaroop
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India
| | - Arnav Aggarwal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India
| | - Ayush Agarwal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India
| | - Gautam Jain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India
| | - Arun Vaidya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amit Gupte
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital, Mumbai 400004, India
| | - Ravi Mohanka
- Department of Liver Transplant and HPB, Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital, Mumbai 400004, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 801507, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Mishra
- Professor of Biostatistics, National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Shivanand Gamanagatti
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India
| | - Shashi Bala Paul
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Acharya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India
| | - Akash Shukla
- Department of Gastroenterology, Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India
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Vaishnav M, Biswas S, Shenoy A, Pathak P, Anand A, Swaroop S, Aggrawal A, Arora U, Elhence A, Jagannath S, Gunjan D, Kedia S, Mishra AK, Gamanagatti S, Nayak B, Garg P, Shalimar. Comparison of 1-day versus 3-day intravenous terlipressin in cirrhosis patients with variceal bleeding: A pilot randomised controlled trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2024; 59:645-655. [PMID: 38186012 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In cirrhosis patients with acute variceal bleeding (AVB), the optimal duration of vasoconstrictor therapy after endoscopic haemostasis is unclear. AIMS We aimed to compare efficacy of 1-day versus 3-day terlipressin therapy in cirrhosis patients with AVB post-endoscopic intervention. The primary objective was to compare rebleeding at 5 days between the two arms. Secondary objectives included rebleeding and mortality rates at 6 weeks. METHODS In this open-label, randomised controlled trial, cirrhosis patients with AVB were randomised to either 1-day or 3-day terlipressin therapy. RESULTS A total of 150 cirrhosis patients with AVB were recruited to receive either 1 day (n = 75) or 3 days (n = 75) of terlipressin therapy. One patient from 1-day arm was excluded. Modified intention-to-treat analysis included 149 patients. Baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups. Rebleeding at 5 days: 3 (4.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.4-9.0) versus 4 (5.3%; 95% CI: 2.0-10.0), risk difference (RD) p = 0.726 and 5-day mortality rates: 1 (1.4%; 95% CI: 0-7.3) versus 1 (1.3%; 95% CI: 0.2-7.0), RD p = 0.960 were similar. Rebleeding at 42 days: 9 (12.2%; 95% CI: 7.0-20.0) versus 10 (13.3%; 95% CI: 7.0-20.0), RD p = 0.842 and mortality at 42 days: 5 (6.8%; 95% CI: 3.0-10.0) versus 4 (5.3%; 95% CI: 2.0-10.0), RD p = 0.704 were also similar. Patients in the 1-day terlipressin therapy arm experienced significantly fewer adverse effects compared with those receiving 3 days of terlipressin therapy: 28 (37.8%) versus 42 (56%), p = 0.026. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that 1 day of terlipressin therapy is associated with similar 5-day and 42-day rebleeding rates, 42-day mortality and an overall superior safety profile compared with 3-day of terlipressin therapy. These findings require to be validated in double-blinded, larger, multiethnic and multicentre studies across the various stages of cirrhosis (CTRI/2019/10/021771).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Vaishnav
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Sagnik Biswas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Shenoy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Piyush Pathak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Abhinav Anand
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Shekhar Swaroop
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Arnav Aggrawal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Umang Arora
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Soumya Jagannath
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Gunjan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Kedia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Mishra
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | | | - Baibaswata Nayak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Pramod Garg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
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Chaudhary V, Chaturvedi S, Wadhwa A, Chaudhary R, Gautam D, Sharma D, Kumar R, Mishra AK. Design, development and bio-evaluation of a novel radio-ligand 99mTc-THQ-DTPA as a sigma 2 receptor specific breast tumor imaging agent. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 97:117515. [PMID: 38043245 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Over-expression of sigma-2 receptor in cancer cells provides an opportunity to develop molecular probes for diagnosis, even for non-receptor specific malignancies like triple negative breast cancers. In this work, a novel sigma-2 receptor ligand [THQ-DTPA] has been synthesized and characterized using 6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (THQ) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). The ligand is further chelated with 99mTc for application as metal based radiotracer [99mTc-THQ-DTPA]. Radiolabelling with 99mTc was achieved in an excellent yield of 98.0 ± 0.5% using stannous chloride as a reducing agent. The radioligand was found to be stable in human serum up-to 24 h, bio-compatible with less than 4% hemolysis, and exhibited high binding with sigma receptors isolated from rat liver membrane (Kd of 16.32 ± 4.93 nM and Bmax of 0.5232 ± 0.06 pmol/mg). Bio-distribution studies in triple-negative breast tumor bearing nude mice showed high tumor uptake after 30 min of injection with tumor/muscle (T/M) ratio of 3.58 ± 0.09. At 240 min, the T/M ratio (2.84 ± 0.20) decreased by 35% when administered in sigma blocked tumor bearing mice (1.81 ± 0.16) suggesting the selectivity of the ligand. Tumor imaging in gamma camera indicated a contrast of 3.56 at 30 min p.i. The above findings indicate that the ligand 99mTc-THQ-DTPA binds to sigma-2 receptors with high affinity and has potential for triple-negative breast tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishakha Chaudhary
- Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, North Campus, University Enclave, Delhi 110007, India; Department of Radiological Nuclear and Imaging Science, INMAS, DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Shubhra Chaturvedi
- Department of Radiological Nuclear and Imaging Science, INMAS, DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India.
| | - Anju Wadhwa
- University of California, San Francisco 94107, United States
| | - Ritika Chaudhary
- Department of Radiological Nuclear and Imaging Science, INMAS, DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India; Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University Enclave, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Divya Gautam
- Department of Radiological Nuclear and Imaging Science, INMAS, DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Deepika Sharma
- Department of Radiological Nuclear and Imaging Science, INMAS, DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India; Department of Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rupesh Kumar
- Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, North Campus, University Enclave, Delhi 110007, India
| | - A K Mishra
- Department of Radiological Nuclear and Imaging Science, INMAS, DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India.
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Dhawan A, Mishra AK, Chatterjee B, Bhatia G, Ambekar A, Agarwal A, Bhargava R, Chopra A. Characteristics Associated with Substance Use and Non-use Among Street Children in Delhi, India: A Community-based Cross-sectional Epidemiological Study. Indian J Psychol Med 2024; 46:46-54. [PMID: 38524947 PMCID: PMC10958074 DOI: 10.1177/02537176231199209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Street children are vulnerable to adverse health and risk behaviors and drug use. Substance use among street children has been well documented in several countries. This study reports sociodemographic and peer, family, and stress-related factors associated with substance use and non-use in a representative sample of street children of Delhi. Methods This cross-sectional survey was conducted through six NGOs working with street children, using Respondent Driven Sampling, in nine districts of Delhi (n = 766, 7-18 years). The multivariable model was developed by applying binary logistic regression analysis. Results The rate of substance use was 49%. Significant association was found between substance use in the past year and increasing age [Odds Ratio: OR (95% Confidence Interval)] [1.22(1.12,1.33)], male sex [4.34 (2.28,8.26)], lacking psychosocial support from family/relatives [3.27(1.84,5.80)], being engaged in earning from illegal sources, [3.04(1.75,5.29)], family use of substance [2.59(1.38,4.89)], presence of substance-using peers [29.86(14.38,62.01)], lack of non-drug-using peers [2.35(1.46,3.79)], and not possessing basic amenities [2.26(1.31,3.93)]. Conclusion Multiple modifiable factors exist within the family and peer group, including risk and protective factors or a consequence of substance use. Some challenges in the form of difficulty in reaching out to them and poor treatment seeking by those using substances warrant intensification in both primary and secondary prevention initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Dhawan
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Mishra
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Biswadip Chatterjee
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Gayatri Bhatia
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Atul Ambekar
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Alok Agarwal
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Rachna Bhargava
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Anita Chopra
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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Biswas S, Vaishnav M, Farooqui N, Aggarwal A, Pathak P, Yadav R, Das P, Elhence A, Goel A, Mishra AK, Shalimar. Impact of body mass index on disease progression and outcomes in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Postgrad Med J 2023; 99:1094-1103. [PMID: 37308443 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgad035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and outcomes in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not well defined. This study aimed to assess the presentations, outcomes, and development of liver-related events (LREs) and non-LREs in patients with NAFLD stratified by BMI. METHODS Records of NAFLD patients from 2000-2022 were reviewed. Patients were categorized as lean (18.5-22.9 kg/m2), overweight (23-24.9 kg/m2), and obese (>25 kg/m2) based on BMI. Stage of steatosis, fibrosis, and NAFLD activity score were noted in the patients undergoing liver biopsy in each group. RESULTS Out of 1051 NAFLD patients, 127 (12.1%) had normal BMI, 177 (16.8%) and 747 (71.1%) were overweight and obese, respectively. Median [interquartile range] BMI was 21.9 [20.6-22.5], 24.2 [23.7-24.6], and 28.3 [26.6-30.6] kg/m2 in each group, respectively. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia were significantly higher in the obese. Obese patients had significantly higher median [interquartile range] liver stiffness (6.4 [4.9-9.4] kPa) than overweight and lean subjects. A higher proportion of obese patients had significant and advanced liver fibrosis. At follow-up, there were no significant differences in the progression of liver disease, new LREs, coronary artery disease, or hypertension across the BMI groups. Overweight and obese patients were more likely to develop new-onset diabetes by follow-up. The mortality rates in the three groups were comparable (0.47, 0.68, and 0.49 per 100 person-years, respectively), with similar causes of death (liver-related vs non-liver-related). CONCLUSIONS Patients with lean NAFLD have similar disease severity and rates of progression as the obese. BMI is not a reliable determinant of outcomes in NAFLD patients. KEY MESSAGES
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik Biswas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Manas Vaishnav
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Naba Farooqui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55092, United States
| | - Arnav Aggarwal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Piyush Pathak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Rajni Yadav
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Prasenjit Das
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur 492099, India
| | - Amit Goel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Mishra
- Department of Psychiatry, National Drug Dependence and Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
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Goyal P, Kattula D, Rao R, Bhad R, Mishra AK, Dhawan A. Trazodone for sleep disturbance in opioid dependent patients maintained on buprenorphine: A double blind, placebo-controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 250:110891. [PMID: 37478501 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disturbances are seen even in individuals on opioid agonist treatment (OAT). Established pharmacotherapy for sleep disturbances such as benzodiazepines have misuse potential and increased mortality risk in patients with OAT. No study has explored the role of trazodone on sleep disturbance in individuals maintained on buprenorphine. We aimed to assess the efficacy of trazodone in improving sleep disturbance among individuals maintained on buprenorphine. METHODS The study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel, randomised trial. Adult males (18-60 years) stabilised on buprenorphine with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score of above five, without other psychiatric comorbidity were randomised to receive either trazodone (50-150mg per day) or placebo. Sleep-50 questionnaire, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS)-21, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for opioid craving, and PSQI were assessed at baseline and at the end of six weeks. RESULTS Fifty-one patients were allocated to trazodone arm and 49 to placebo arm. Side-effects of trazodone were minimal and well-tolerated with comparable discontiuation rates between both groups. Significantly greater proportion of patients on trazodone (82%, mean dose 101.9 mg) had PSQI scores five or less than those on placebo (16%) at the end of six weeks. Sleep improvement was in various components like sleep quality, latency, efficiency, and duration of sleep. CONCLUSION Trazodone is well-tolerated and effective in improving sleep disturbances in individuals with opioid dependence maintained on buprenorphine over a six-week period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Goyal
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dheeraj Kattula
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravindra Rao
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Roshan Bhad
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Mishra
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anju Dhawan
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Mishra AK, Anjali K, Singh H, Mishra A, Kumar A. Synthesis and in silico studies of some new pyrrolidine derivatives and their biological evaluation for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. Ann Pharm Fr 2023; 81:801-813. [PMID: 36931432 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An array of commercially viable intermediate molecules necessary for the synthesis of a variety of bioactive molecules are chemically synthesized by pyrrolidine and its derivatives, which play a significant role in drug design and development process. AIM The aim of the present research work was to explore the synthesis of some new pyrrolidine derivatives and to perform their in silico studies and finally evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to synthesis new pyrrolidine derivatives, examine how they affected the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes computationally, and to screen their in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity on laboratory animals. METHOD The new pyrrolidine derivatives were synthesized by condensing N-(3-acetylphenyl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamide with substituted aniline in ethanol in the presence of catalytic amounts of glacial acetic acid. The structures of novel pyrrolidine derivatives were characterised using IR, NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Several molecular properties of the newly synthesized derivatives were calculated in order to evaluate the nature of the drug-like candidate. A specific reference cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme was used to dock the newly synthesized pyrrolidine derivatives. RESULTS From the observed data, it was noted that amongst all newly synthesized compounds, A-1 and A-4 exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, respectively. CONCLUSION On the basis of findings of present research, it was concluded that A-1 and A-4 might be utilized as a promising new lead compound for Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAIDs) development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Mishra
- Drug Design Laboratory, Pharmacy Academy, IFTM University, 244001 Moradabad, India.
| | - Km Anjali
- Drug Design Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, 244001 Moradabad, India
| | - H Singh
- Drug Design Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, 244001 Moradabad, India
| | - A Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research University, 110017 New Delhi, India
| | - A Kumar
- Drug Design Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, 244001 Moradabad, India
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Sharma R, Sehrawat R, Ahlawat S, Sharma V, Thakur MS, Mishra AK, Arora R, Tantia MS. Functional Quality Characteristics of the Meat from a Dual-Purpose Poultry Crossbreed Suitable for Backyard Rearing in Comparison to Commercial Broilers. Foods 2023; 12:2434. [PMID: 37444172 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Backyard poultry farming contributes to food security, nutrition, and the regular income of rural farmers in India. Their products have a niche market here and fetch higher prices than those of commercial poultry. Improved varieties are being developed to overcome the slow growth, late sexual maturity, and low production of indigenous breeds, while retaining their positive attributes. A comprehensive study was conducted to analyze the functional attributes of meat from the Jabalpur color (JBC), a colored, improved dual-purpose synthetic line, developed by Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, India. The birds were managed in a deep litter system under a backyard type of housing (night shelter and free range). Primal meat cuts (breast and thigh) of the male birds (n = 20/group) were evaluated at the age of marketing. The corresponding attributes were compared with the results obtained for commercial Cobb (400) broilers. The protein concentration of JBC breast (25.65 ± 0.39 g/100 g of tissue) and thigh (19.04 ± 0.23 g/100 g of tissue) meat was superior (p ≤ 0.05) to that of Cobb broilers. Established assays (in vitro) identified a better (p ≤ 0.05) antioxidation capacity in the JBC meat. High-performance liquid chromatography confirmed a considerable quantity of functional biomolecules (carnosine, anserine, and creatine) in the JBC breast and thigh meat extracts. The average carnosine concentration (mg/g of tissue) was 2.66 ± 0.09 and 1.11 ± 0.04 in the JBC breast and thigh meat, respectively. The mRNA expression was quantified by qRT-PCR for the carnosine-related genes: β-alanine transporter (SLC36A1), carnosine-synthesizing enzyme (CARNS1), and carnosine-degrading enzyme (CNDP2); this explained the comparable carnosine in the JBC and Cobb meat. Meat extracts from both genetic groups (JBC and Cobb) had high anti-glycation potential. Higher protein content and antioxidant capacity, along with the bioactive dipeptides in the JBC meat, herald exciting research opportunities for its use in improving the traditional backyard poultry farming system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Sharma
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal 132 001, India
| | - Renuka Sehrawat
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal 132 001, India
| | - Sonika Ahlawat
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal 132 001, India
| | - Vivek Sharma
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132 001, India
| | - Mohan Singh Thakur
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur 482 001, India
| | - A K Mishra
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal 132 001, India
| | - Reena Arora
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal 132 001, India
| | - M S Tantia
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal 132 001, India
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9
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Gupta S, Mathur P, Mishra AK, Medicherla KM, Bandapalli OR, Suravajhala P. Whole Exome-Trio Analysis Reveals Rare Variants Associated with Congenital Pouch Colon. Children (Basel) 2023; 10:children10050902. [PMID: 37238450 DOI: 10.3390/children10050902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Anorectal malformations (ARM) are individually common, but Congenital Pouch Colon (CPC) is a rare anorectal anomaly that causes a dilated pouch and communication with the genitourinary tract. In this work, we attempted to identify de novo heterozygous missense variants, and further discovered variants of unknown significance (VUS) which could provide insights into CPC manifestation. From whole exome sequencing (WES) performed earlier, the trio exomes were analyzed from those who were admitted to J.K. Lon Hospital, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, India, between 2011 and 2017. The proband exomes were compared with the unaffected sibling/family members, and we sought to ask whether any variants of significant interest were associated with the CPC manifestation. The WES data from a total of 64 samples including 16 affected neonates (11 male and 5 female) with their parents and unaffected siblings were used for the study. We examined the role of rare allelic variation associated with CPC in a 16 proband/parent trio family, comparing the mutations to those of their unaffected parents/siblings. We also performed RNA-Seq as a pilot to find whether or not the genes harboring these mutations were differentially expressed. Our study revealed extremely rare variants, viz., TAF1B, MUC5B and FRG1, which were further validated for disease-causing mutations associated with CPC, further closing the gaps of surgery by bringing intervention in therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Birla Institute of Scientific Research (BISR), Statue Circle, Jaipur 302021, India
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Kant Kalwar, Jaipur 303002, India
| | - Praveen Mathur
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, SMS Medical College and Hospital, JLN Marg, Jaipur 302004, India
| | | | - Krishna Mohan Medicherla
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Birla Institute of Scientific Research (BISR), Statue Circle, Jaipur 302021, India
- Department of Bioengineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Jaipur Campus, 27-Malaviya Industrial, Area, Jaipur 302017, India
| | | | - Prashanth Suravajhala
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Birla Institute of Scientific Research (BISR), Statue Circle, Jaipur 302021, India
- Bioclues.org, Hyderabad 500072, India
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Vallikavu, Clappana P.O. Box 690525, Kerala, India
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10
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Singh G, Kaloiya GS, Dhawan A, Mishra AK, Balhara YPS. Does Cognitive Therapy Change the Early Maladaptive Schemas in Individuals with Alcohol Dependence? Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial. Indian J Psychol Med 2023; 45:124-131. [PMID: 36925491 PMCID: PMC10011844 DOI: 10.1177/02537176221105529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) have been suggested as potential vulnerability markers for alcohol dependence (AD), there is less emphasis on addressing these schemas in substance abuse treatment programs. We thus aimed to examine the change in schemas in response to cognitive therapy in individuals with AD. Methods In this an open-label randomized controlled study, individuals with alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS, n = 84) were randomized to the intervention group (n = 45), which received six cognitive therapy sessions combined with treatment as usual (TAU), or the control group (n = 39), which was on TAU only. Participants were assessed on the measures of EMSs, alcohol use severity, and perceived stress at baseline and posttreatment. Results The intervention group showed significant improvement in 5 out of 18 EMSs, that is, emotional deprivation, defectiveness, self-sacrifice, unrelenting standard, and negativity, compared to the control group, at the end of the treatment. There was a significant between-group effect for perceived stress but not for alcohol use severity. Conclusion EMSs can be changed with cognitive therapy in individuals with AD and could be a crucial area to address in treatment programs. Further studies with long-term follow-up are warranted. The trial was registered with the Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI/2015/12/006441) on December 17, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Singh
- Dept. of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Gauri Shanker Kaloiya
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Anju Dhawan
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Mishra
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Yatan Pal Singh Balhara
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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11
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Ghosh S, Jain R, Rao R, Mishra AK, Jhanjee S. Does ethyl glucuronide in hair correlate with alcohol consumption? A comparative study with other traditional biomarkers among individuals with alcohol dependence syndrome. Alcohol 2023; 106:55-60. [PMID: 36395967 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in hair is a direct biomarker proven to be useful for the detection of chronic excessive alcohol use. This study investigated the association of self-reported alcohol consumption with traditional biomarkers: GGT, AST, ALT, CDT, and MCV in blood and a direct biomarker, hair EtG, in a total of 122 patients with alcohol dependence syndrome. The diagnostic accuracy of the biomarkers to differentiate heavy from non-heavy drinkers was also evaluated. METHOD GGT, AST, and ALT in serum were measured by Automated Chemistry Analyzer, MCV in blood was measured by Haematology Analyzer, serum CDT was analyzed by ELISA, and EtG in hair was evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The association between the biomarkers and the amount of alcohol consumed (self-reported) was determined using Spearman's rank correlation. RESULTS All participants showed EtG level above the cut-off (0.03 ng/mg). Hair EtG showed a statistically significant linear and positive correlation with the amounts (in grams) of alcohol consumed (r = 0.60; p < 0.001). No correlation was observed among the traditional biomarkers and the quantity of alcohol consumed. Also, EtG showed an excellent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (98%) with good sensitivity (85%) and specificity (60%) to classify heavy drinkers among individuals with alcohol dependence syndrome. CONCLUSION Hair EtG can be helpful to estimate retrospective alcohol consumption in long-term chronic alcohol consumption cases. Hair EtG also provides a reliable diagnostic test to detect heavy drinkers among individuals with alcohol dependence syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayani Ghosh
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-11002, India
| | - Raka Jain
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-11002, India.
| | - Ravindra Rao
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-11002, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Mishra
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-11002, India
| | - Sonali Jhanjee
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-11002, India
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12
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Singh VV, Dhawan A, Chadda RK, Mishra AK, Sarkar S. A Prospective Three-Months Naturalistic Follow-Up Study of Outcomes of Patients with Opioid Dependence Discharged on Buprenorphine or Oral Naltrexone. Indian J Psychol Med 2023; 45:26-32. [PMID: 36778621 PMCID: PMC9896119 DOI: 10.1177/02537176211066739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparative studies of the naturalistic course of patients of opioid dependence on naltrexone and buprenorphine are likely to be helpful for clinical decision-making. The article aimed to report on the three-months naturalistic outcomes of patients discharged on naltrexone or buprenorphine from the same center. METHODS Patients with opioid dependence who were discharged on either naltrexone (n = 86) or buprenorphine (n = 30) were followed up for three months for retention in treatment. The patients were also followed up telephonically, and the Maudsley Addiction Profile was applied. RESULTS The days of retention in treatment were significantly higher in the buprenorphine group (69.5 versus 48.7 days, P = 0.009). Heroin use, pharmaceutical opioid use, injection drug use, involvement in illegal activity, and percentage of contact days in conflict with friends in the last 30 days reduced over three months in both the groups, while the physical and psychological quality of life improved in both the groups. Additionally, in the naltrexone group, smoked tobacco use, cannabis use, and percentage of contact days in conflict with family within the last 30 days reduced at three months compared to baseline. CONCLUSION With the possible limitations of choice of medication-assisted treatment for opioid dependence being determined by the patient, and prescribing related factors and sample size constraints, the study suggests that retention outcomes may vary between naltrexone and buprenorphine, though both medications may improve several patient-related parameters. However, a true head-to-head comparison of the outcomes of buprenorphine and naltrexone in a naturalistic setting may be difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virendra Vikram Singh
- Dept. of Psychiatry and National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Anju Dhawan
- Dept. of Psychiatry and National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh K Chadda
- Dept. of Psychiatry and National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Mishra
- Dept. of Psychiatry and National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Siddharth Sarkar
- Dept. of Psychiatry and National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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13
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Deval R, Saxena P, Pradhan D, Mishra AK, Jain AK. A Machine Learning-Based Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) Prediction Model for Newborns. Indian J Pediatr 2022; 89:1140-1143. [PMID: 35941474 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-022-04273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a condition in which the fetal weight is below the 10th percentile for its gestational age. Prenatal exposure to metals can cause a decrease in fetal growth during gestation thereby reducing birth weight. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to develop a machine learning model for early prediction of IUGR. A total of 126 IUGR and 88 appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) samples were collected from the Gynecology Department, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi. The predictive models were developed using the Weka software. The models developed using all the features gave the highest accuracy of 95.5% with support vector machine (SMO) algorithm and 88.5% with multilayer perceptron (MLP) algorithm. Further, models developed after feature selection using 14 important and statistically significant variables also gave the highest accuracy of 98.5% with SMO algorithm and 99% with Naïve Bayes (NB) algorithm. The study concluded SMO_31, SMO_14, MLP_31, and NB_14 to be the better classifiers for IUGR prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Deval
- Electron Microscopy and Environmental Toxicology Lab, ICMR - National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, 110029, India.,Rohilkhand Laboratory and Research Centre, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pallavi Saxena
- Electron Microscopy and Environmental Toxicology Lab, ICMR - National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, 110029, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dibyabhaba Pradhan
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, ICMR - Computational Genomics Centre, New Delhi, India.,Indian Biological Data Centre, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | | | - Arun Kumar Jain
- Electron Microscopy and Environmental Toxicology Lab, ICMR - National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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14
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Dhua AK, Garg M, Mishra AK, Goel P, Jain V, Yadav DK. A Bibliometric Study of the Pediatric Inguinal Hernia Publication Landscape from the Web of Science Database. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2022; 27:689-698. [PMID: 36714482 PMCID: PMC9878508 DOI: 10.4103/jiaps.jiaps_27_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The number of times a research work gets cited by another article is one of the article-level metrics for assessing the quality of a research publication. Citation analysis by bibliometric review has been performed in several disciplines. The current study was aimed to systematically review the literature available on pediatric inguinal hernia since 1960 in terms of the 25 most cited articles in this field and analyze the bibliometric variables author and organizational collaborative patterns. Methods Thomson Reuters Web of Science citation indexing database and research platform were used to retrieve the most cited articles in pediatric inguinal hernia (PIH) using appropriate search strings. The characteristics (name of authors, the total number of authors, the title of publication, journal of publication, year of publication, etc.) of the 25 top-cited articles were recorded. Specific bibliographical parameters were derived and analyzed. Visualization maps were generated using VOSviewer software. Results The analysis revealed that the Journal of Pediatric Surgery was leading the choice of journal for publication. While most of the publications originated from the United States of America, Schier was the most influential author. Five of the eight top-productive authors are also the most connected. Conclusion Articles on laparoscopic repair in PIH have been heavily cited. Following the United States of America, Turkey stands out as the topmost productive country in PIH. The publications on PIH show that "collaboration" is the bridging force between productivity and influence on the academic community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjan Kumar Dhua
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Mohit Garg
- Central Library, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
| | | | - Prabudh Goel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Vishesh Jain
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
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15
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Singh VV, Sarkar S, Chadda RK, Mishra AK, Dhawan A. Reasons for leaving treatment among patients with opioid dependence: A 3-month prospective follow-up study. J Opioid Manag 2022; 18:455-466. [PMID: 36226785 DOI: 10.5055/jom.2022.0739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to ascertain the reasons why patients with opioid dependence leave treatment. DESIGN Prospective follow-up observational study. SETTING This study was carried out at a tertiary care substance use treatment facility in north India with both outpatient and inpatient services. The facility is a public-funded institution. PARTICIPANTS One hundred and twenty opioid-dependent male patients with age 18 years or more who were willing to provide a valid telephone number for followup and willing to consent for the study were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Enquiries were made using the Reasons to Leave Treatment Questionnaire (RLTQ) and an open-ended question about why the patient left treatment. RESULTS As per the RLTQ, the most common reasons for patients with opioid dependence leaving treatment were in the domains of external influence, motivational inconsistencies, and problem severity. Logistic problem was another issue that was highlighted by the patients. On open-ended question, the most common reason for leaving treatment pertained to feeling that one has improved and does not need treatment. Baseline characteristics that predicted patients leaving treatment were not being prescribed buprenorphine at discharge, not being formally educated, and living alone or in a nuclear family. CONCLUSION Several factors may lead to patients with opioid dependence leaving treatment prematurely after receiving inpatient care. Addressing these reasons might help to better retain patients in treatment and improve their outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virendra Vikram Singh
- Army College of Medical Sciences, Delhi Cantt, New Delhi, India. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9413-0855
| | - Siddharth Sarkar
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Chadda
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Mishra
- Biostatistics, National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anju Dhawan
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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16
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Singh G, Kaloiya GS, Dhawan A, Balhara YPS, Mishra AK. The Extent of Endorsement of Distal to Proximal Dysfunctional Cognitions in Individuals with Alcohol Dependence: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study in the Indian Context. Indian J Psychol Med 2022; 44:239-245. [PMID: 35656435 PMCID: PMC9125474 DOI: 10.1177/02537176221091673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunctional basic cognitions have been suggested as potential vulnerability markers for alcohol dependence (AD). Although there is a growing body of research on the role of distal cognitive vulnerability factors such as early maladaptive schema in the development of AD, little is known about the role of proximal cognitive factors such as cognitive distortions, dysfunctional attitude, and negative automatic thoughts. METHODS This comparative cross-sectional study aimed to examine dysfunctional cognitions in individuals with AD (n = 84) in comparison with healthy individuals (n = 60). The dysfunctional cognitions were assessed on the Young Schema Questionnaire third version of Short Form, Cognitive Distortion Scale, Dysfunctional Attitude Scale-Form A, and Automatic Thought Questionnaire. Multivariate analysis of covariance was conducted to analyze the group differences in dysfunctional cognitions. RESULTS After controlling for the group difference in employment status, 12 of 18 schemas were more prevalent in individuals with AD than in healthy individuals. Individuals with AD also scored higher on seven of 10 cognitive distortions, as well as in terms of dysfunctional attitude and negative automatic thoughts. CONCLUSION Dysfunctional cognition may play a significant role in developing AD. The findings may enhance our understanding of the nature and severity of dysfunctional cognitions in the development of AD. The information may further assist the clinicians in implementing adequate intervention strategies to manage dysfunctional cognitions in individuals with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Singh
- Dept. of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Gauri Shanker Kaloiya
- Dept. of Psychiatry, National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Anju Dhawan
- Dept. of Psychiatry, National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Yatan Pal Singh Balhara
- Dept. of Psychiatry, National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Mishra
- Dept. of Psychiatry, National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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17
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Bhargava K, Gururaj K, Aseri GK, Nath G, Singh NP, Pawaiya RVS, Kumar A, Mishra AK, Yadav VB, Jain N. Bacteriophages: A possible solution to combat enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infections in neonatal goats. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 74:707-717. [PMID: 35060159 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Due to awareness and benefits of goat rearing in developing economies, goats' significance is increasing. Unfortunately, these ruminants are threatened via multiple bacterial pathogens such as Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). In goat kids and lambs, EPEC causes gastrointestinal disease leading to substantial economic losses for farmers and may also pose a threat to public health via the spread of zoonotic diseases. Management of infection is primarily based on antibiotics, but the need for new therapeutic measures as an alternative to antibiotics is becoming vital because of the advent of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The prevalence of EPEC was established using bfpA gene, uspA gene, and Stx1 gene, followed by phylogenetic analysis using Stx1 gene. The lytic activity of the isolated putative coliphages was tested on multi-drug resistant strains of EPEC. It was observed that a PCR based approach is more effective and rapid as compared to phenotypic tests of Escherichia coli virulence. It was also established that the isolated bacteriophages exhibited potent antibacterial efficacy in-vitro, with some of the isolates (16%) detected as T4 and T4-like phages based on gp23 gene. Hence, bacteriophages as therapeutic agents may be explored as an alternative to antibiotics in managing public, livestock and environmental health in this era of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Bhargava
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur (Rajasthan), 303 002, India.,Department of Microbiology, IMS, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - K Gururaj
- Division of Animal Health, CIRG, Mathura (UP), 281122, India
| | - G K Aseri
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur (Rajasthan), 303 002, India
| | - Gopal Nath
- Department of Microbiology, IMS, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | | | - R V S Pawaiya
- Division of Animal Health, CIRG, Mathura (UP), 281122, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Division of Animal Health, CIRG, Mathura (UP), 281122, India
| | - A K Mishra
- Division of Animal Health, CIRG, Mathura (UP), 281122, India
| | | | - Neelam Jain
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur (Rajasthan), 303 002, India
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18
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Dhua AK, Kumar V, Mishra AK, Jain V, Yadav D, Bajpai M, Agarwala S, Goel P. Fifty Most Influential Articles on Anorectal Malformations: A Tribute through Bibliometric Ranking. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2022; 27:419-427. [PMID: 36238323 PMCID: PMC9552640 DOI: 10.4103/jiaps.jiaps_115_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the global assimilation of "publish and perish" culture into institutional academics, there has been an exponential rise in the publication numbers. There are ~2500 PUBMED entries related to "anorectal malformation (ARM)." The young clinician in his pursuit to translate experimental research to bedside often finds himself lost "in the midst of plenty." This bibliometric analysis has been conducted to codify the seminal work on ARM for future reference and pay tribute to the most impactful articles. Materials and Methods Thomson Reuters Web of Science citation indexing database and research platform was used to retrieve the most cited articles in ARM using appropriate search strings. The characteristics (name of authors, the total number of authors, the title of publication, journal of publication, year of publication, etc.,) of the 50 top-cited articles were analyzed. Results The analysis revealed that the Journal of Paediatric Surgery was leading the choice of journal for publication. While most of the publications originated from the United States of America, Alberto Pena was the most influential author. The most studied topic was on associated malformations, and the most common study design was cohort studies. Conclusion The approach of citation analysis provided us an opportunity to retrieve the most influential articles on ARM. The trends in research in ARM have also been analyzed, spreading over five decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjan Kumar Dhua
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Mishra
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Vishesh Jain
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Devendra Yadav
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Minu Bajpai
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Agarwala
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabudh Goel
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Prabudh Goel, Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Science, Room No 4002, Teaching Block, New Delhi - 110 029, India. E-mail:
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Rajagopal S, Gupta A, Parveen R, Shukla N, Bhattacharya S, Naravula J, Kumar S A, Mathur P, Simlot A, Mehta S, Bihari C, Mehta S, Mishra AK, Nair BG, Medicherla KM, Reddy GB, Sreenivasulu N, Kishor PK, Suravajhala P. Vitamin K in human health and metabolism: A nutri-genomics review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Guha Niyogi S, Kumar B, Puri GD, Negi S, Mishra AK, Thingnam SKS. Cardiac output monitoring using transthoracic echocardiography in children after cardiac surgery-an observational study of feasibility and concordance with transpulmonary thermodilution. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is commonly used after pediatric cardiac surgery to monitor cardiac function and adequacy of surgery; however it depends on the availability of good echo window and operator skill [1]. Transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTD) is feasible along with calibrated continuous cardiac output measurement in children but seldom used due to cost and the need for a specialized catheter [2].
We hypothesized that TTE would be as good as TPTD, but limited in feasibility following pediatric cardiac surgery. Hence, the concordance, agreement as well as feasibility and trending of cardiac output monitoring by TTE was compared against a reference TPTD method in real-world usage in children after congenital heart surgery.
Methods
This was a secondary analysis of data from a previously registered and conducted study in our unit. TPTD monitoring was instituted in children undergoing congenital heart disease repair on cardiopulmonary bypass with a 3F femoral arterial cannula and a central venous injectate temperature sensor.
Cardiac output was also measured by transthoracic echocardiography by measurement of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) diameter, LVOT velocity time integral (VTI) and the heart rate as previously described [3,4]. Measurements were taken after arrival in the ICU, and every 12 hours till after extubation. Correlation, Bland-Altman analysis and polar analysis was done for cardiac output measured by TPTD and TTE.
Results
TTE and TPTD measurements of cardiac output correlated well (Pearson's correlation coefficient 0.94; 95% CI 0.90–0.96) (Fig. 1A). Bland Altman analysis showed a mean bias of 0.15 l/min and upper and lower limits of agreement of 0.81 and −0.51 l/min respectively (Fig. 1B). Cardiac output measurement by TTE was possible in 72 instances while TPTD allowed measurement in all 113 instances. Hence, TTE was not feasible in 41 instances across 14 patients, including 19 instances in acyanotic and 22 instances in cyanotic patients. Polar analysis revealed acceptable trending.
Conclusions
TTE derived cardiac output demonstrated good correlation, minimal bias and narrow limits of agreement versus TPTD, and was feasible in most cases. This suggests TTE is an acceptable cardiac output measurement modality post pediatric cardiac surgery, as in adults [5]. TPTD-based continuous cardiac output monitoring might have a complementary role in pediatric cardiac critical care, particularly in high risk cases.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Institutional Special Research Grant from Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. Figure 1
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Affiliation(s)
- S Guha Niyogi
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Chandigarh, India
| | - B Kumar
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Chandigarh, India
| | - G D Puri
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Chandigarh, India
| | - S Negi
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Chandigarh, India
| | - A K Mishra
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Chandigarh, India
| | - S K S Thingnam
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Chandigarh, India
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Kumar NP, Kumar A, Panneer D, Abidha S, Muthukumaravel S, Sankari T, Ajithlal PM, Mathew J, Koothradan S, Paramasivan R, Muniyaraj M, Singh H, Saxena R, Vijayachari P, Sunish IP, Shriram AN, Dutta P, Patgiri SJ, Bhattacharyya DR, Hoti SL, Chattopadhyay D, Roy S, Mahapatra N, Pati S, Chand G, Mishra AK, Barde P, Jambulingam P. Nation-wide vector surveillance on Zika and Dengue did not indicate transmission of the American lineage-pandemic Zika virus in India. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 113:119-124. [PMID: 34601144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Following the Public Health Emergency of International Concern declared on Zika by the World Health Organization during 2016, the Indian Council of Medical Research carried out nationwide vector surveillance for Zika and Dengue viruses (ZIKV and DENV) in India as a preparedness measure in 2016-19. METHODS High-risk zones distributed to 49 Districts in 14 states/union territories were included in the study. Seven ICMR institutions participated, following a standard operating protocol. Aedes specimens sampled weekly were processed by multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for ZIKV/DENV and random samples crosschecked with real-time RT-PCR for ZIKV. RESULTS Altogether, 79 492 Aedes specimens in 6492 pools were processed; 3 (0.05%) and 63 (0.97%) pools, respectively, were found positive for ZIKV and DENV. ZIKV infections were recorded in Aedes aegypti sampled during the 2018 sporadic Zika outbreak in Jaipur, Rajasthan. However, these belonged to the Asian lineage of the virus, already circulating in the country. Both Ae. aegypti and Aedes albopictus distributed to 8 states/union territories were found to be infected with DENV. Both sexes of Ae. albopictus were infected, indicating transovarial transmission. CONCLUSION This investigation evinced no active transmission of the American lineage-pandemic Zika virus in India during the pandemic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pradeep Kumar
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre Field Station, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry, India
| | - D Panneer
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry, India
| | - S Abidha
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre Field Station, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | | | - T Sankari
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry, India
| | - P M Ajithlal
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre Field Station, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Jessu Mathew
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre Field Station, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Suhana Koothradan
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre Field Station, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - R Paramasivan
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre Field Station, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Muniyaraj
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre Field Station, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Himmat Singh
- ICMR- National Institute for Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Rekha Saxena
- ICMR- National Institute for Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - P Vijayachari
- ICMR- Regional Medical Research Centre, Port Blair, Andaman Nicobar Islands, India
| | - I P Sunish
- ICMR- Regional Medical Research Centre, Port Blair, Andaman Nicobar Islands, India
| | - A N Shriram
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry, India
| | - Prafulla Dutta
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (NE), Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | | | | | - S L Hoti
- ICMR-National Institute of Medicinal Plants Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - D Chattopadhyay
- ICMR-National Institute of Medicinal Plants Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Subarna Roy
- ICMR-National Institute of Medicinal Plants Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Namita Mahapatra
- ICMR- Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- ICMR- Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Gyan Chand
- ICMR- National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - A K Mishra
- ICMR- National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pradip Barde
- ICMR- National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - P Jambulingam
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry, India
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Ghosh S, Jain R, Singh S, Rao R, Mishra AK, Jhanjee S. A simplified approach for determination of urinary ethyl glucuronide by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Anal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-021-00290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractUrinary ethyl glucuronide (EtG), an alcohol biomarker, plays an essential role in monitoring alcohol abstinence and relapse during treatment for alcohol dependence. Detection of this biomarker has become a routine in many clinical and forensic laboratories over the last few years. Most previously published methods commonly use hyphenated chromatographic techniques along with extensive extraction procedure before analysis. This work aimed to develop and validate an electron impact ionization mode gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method to measure ethyl glucuronide levels in human urine. For its determination, urine samples were dried under a gentle stream of nitrogen, derivatized with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide, incubated, and injected into the instrument. The analysis was performed using single quadrupole gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technology and validation was performed according to the guidelines of the German Society of Toxicology and Forensic Chemistry (GTFCh). The linearity of urinary EtG was obtained in the range of 30–5000 ng/ml with a correlation coefficient (r) above 0.999. The extraction recoveries exceeded 80%, and the obtained inter-day and intra-day precisions were below 15%. The achieved limit of detection was 10 ng/ml and limit of quantification achieved was 30 ng/ml. The electron ionization gas chromatography–mass spectrometry technique proves to be a feasible option for determining EtG in human urine when other sophisticated techniques are unapproachable. This method provides a good sensitivity and proves to be cost-effective, robust, and advantageous for both clinical as well as forensic settings.
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Singh A, Rao R, Chatterjee B, Mishra AK, Kaloiya G, Ambekar A. Cognitive functioning in patients maintained on buprenorphine at peak and trough buprenorphine levels: An experimental study. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 61:102697. [PMID: 34030027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the cognitive functions in participants maintained on buprenorphine for opioid dependence at peak and trough buprenorphine levels. METHODS This was a double-blind, randomized, experimental study. Sixty participants maintained on buprenorphine were matched for age and education and randomly allocated to "peak" group or "trough" group. The "peak" group received buprenorphine two hours before assessment, whereas the trough group received placebo. The cognitive domains of attention, learning and memory, and executive function including fluency, working memory, response inhibition and set shifting were tested. RESULTS The two groups were comparable on socio-demographic, substance use profile and opioid agonist treatment-related characteristics. Significant differences in performance of peak and trough group were observed on Wisconsin Card Sorting Test parameters of number of correct responses (U = 289.00, p = 0.03), number of errors (t = 02.26, df = 58, p = 0.03), and perseverative errors (U = 301.50, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS The time since buprenorphine dose has significant relation on specific cognitive tasks in patients maintained on buprenorphine for opioid dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Singh
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Ravindra Rao
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Biswadip Chatterjee
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Mishra
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Gaurishanker Kaloiya
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Atul Ambekar
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
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24
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Sengupta D, Bindra A, Kumar N, Goyal K, Singh PK, Chaturvedi A, Malhotra R, Mishra AK. Respiratory morbidity and mortality of traumatic cervical spinal cord injury at a level I trauma center in India. Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2021; 7:36. [PMID: 33986249 PMCID: PMC8117130 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-020-00371-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Descriptive retrospective. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the burden of respiratory morbidity in terms of ventilator dependence (VD) days and length of stay in neurotrauma ICU (NICU) and hospital, and to determine mortality in patients with traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) in a low middle-income country (LMIC). SETTING Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center (JPNATC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India. METHODS A total of 135 patients admitted with CSCI in the NICU between January 2017 to December 2018 were screened. Information regarding age, gender, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale (AIS), level of injury, duration of VD, length of NICU, hospital stay, and outcome in terms of mortality or discharge from the hospital were obtained from the medical records. RESULTS A total of 106 CSCI patients were analyzed. The mean (SD) age of patients was 40 (±16) years and male: female ratio was 5:1. The duration of VD, duration of NICU, and hospital stay was a median of 8 days (IQR 1127), 6 days (IQR 1118), and 15 days (IQR 3127) respectively. Mortality was 19% (20/106). The mortality was significantly associated with poorer AIS score, VD, and duration of ICU and hospital stay. All patients were discharged to home only after they became ventilator-free. CONCLUSIONS The ventilator burden, hospital stay, and mortality are high in patients with CSCI in LMICs. Poor AIS scores, prolonged VD, ICU and hospital stay are associated with mortality. There is a need for comprehensive CSCI rehabilitation programs in LMICs to improve outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep Sengupta
- Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Bindra
- Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Niraj Kumar
- Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Keshav Goyal
- Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Neurosurgey, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arvind Chaturvedi
- Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Malhotra
- Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Mishra
- Biostatistics, National Drug Dependence Treatment Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Mishra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, 123 Summer Street, Worcester, MA, 01608, USA
| | - A Lahiri
- Department of Cardiology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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26
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Mishra AK, Sinha B, Kumar R, Barth M, Hakkim H, Kumar V, Kumar A, Datta S, Guenther A, Sinha V. Cropland trees need to be included for accurate model simulations of land-atmosphere heat fluxes, temperature, boundary layer height, and ozone. Sci Total Environ 2021; 751:141728. [PMID: 32890797 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trees significantly impact land-atmosphere feedbacks through evapotranspiration, photosynthesis and isoprene emissions. These processes influence the local microclimate, air quality and can mitigate temperature extremes and sequester carbon dioxide. Despite such importance, currently only 5 out of 15 atmospheric chemistry climate models even partially account for the presence of cropland trees. We first show that the tree cover over intensely farmed regions in Asia, Australia and South America is significantly underestimated (e.g. only 1-3% tree cover over north-India) in the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosol from Nature (MEGAN) and absent in Noah land-surface module of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-Chem) Model. By including the actual tree cover (~10%) over the north-west Indo Gangetic Plain in the Noah land-surface module of the WRF-Chem and the MEGAN module, during the rice growing monsoon season in August, we find that the latent heat flux alone increases by 100%-300% while sensible heat flux reduces by 50%-100%, leading to a reduction in daytime boundary layer height by 200-400 m. This greatly improves agreement between the modelled and measured temperature, boundary layer height and surface ozone, which were earlier overestimated and isoprene and its oxidation products which were earlier underestimated. Mitigating peak daytime temperatures and ozone improves rice production by 10 to 20%. Our findings from north west Indo-Gangetic Plain establish that such plantations mitigate heat stress, and have beneficial effects on crop yields while also sequestering carbon. Expanding agroforestry practices to 50% of the cropland area could result in up to 40% yield gain regionally. Implementing such strategies globally could increase crop production and sequester 0.3-30 GtC per year, and therefore future climate mitigation and food security efforts should consider stakeholder participation for increased cropland agroforestry in view of its beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Mishra
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab 140306, India
| | - B Sinha
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab 140306, India
| | - R Kumar
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - M Barth
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - H Hakkim
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab 140306, India
| | - V Kumar
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab 140306, India
| | - A Kumar
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab 140306, India
| | - S Datta
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab 140306, India
| | | | - V Sinha
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab 140306, India.
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Mishra AK, Cabaço S, de Los Santos CB, Apostolaki ET, Vizzini S, Santos R. Long-term effects of elevated CO 2 on the population dynamics of the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa: Evidence from volcanic seeps. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 162:111824. [PMID: 33162054 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Population reconstruction techniques was used to assess for the first time the population dynamics of a seagrass, Cymodocea nodosa, exposed to long-term elevated CO2 near three volcanic seeps and compared them with reference sites away from the seeps. Under high CO2, the density of shoots and of individuals (apical shoots), and the vertical and horizontal elongation and production rates, were higher than at the reference sites. Nitrogen limitation effects on rhizome elongation and production rates and on biomass were more evident than CO2 as these were highest at the location where the limitation of nitrogen was highest. At the seep where the availability of CO2 was highest and nitrogen lowest, density of shoots and individuals were highest, probably due to CO2 effects on shoot differentiation and induced reproductive output, respectively. At the three seeps, there was higher short- and long-term shoot recruitment than at the reference sites, and growth rates was around zero, indicating that elevated CO2 increases the turnover of C. nodosa shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Mishra
- Marine Plant Ecology Research Group (ALGAE), Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal; School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Portland Square, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL48LA, UK.
| | - S Cabaço
- Marine Plant Ecology Research Group (ALGAE), Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - C B de Los Santos
- Marine Plant Ecology Research Group (ALGAE), Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - E T Apostolaki
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Center for Marine Research (HCMR), PO Box 2214, 71003 Heraklion-Crete, Greece
| | - S Vizzini
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, via Archirafi 18, 90123 Palermo, Italy; CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Roma, Italy
| | - R Santos
- Marine Plant Ecology Research Group (ALGAE), Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
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Nath BJ, Mishra AK, Sarma HK. Assessment of quorum sensing effects of tyrosol on fermentative performance by chief ethnic fermentative yeasts from northeast India. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 131:728-742. [PMID: 33103297 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Tyrosol, a quorum sensing molecule in yeasts, was reported to reduce lag phase and induces hyphae formation during cell proliferation. However, evidence of any enhancing effect of tyrosol in cellular proliferation within fermentative environment is unclear. In this investigation, selected yeast cells were assessed for their ability to synthesize tyrosol followed by examining the role of the molecule during fermentation. METHODS AND RESULTS Tyrosols were characterized in four fermentative yeasts viz., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis isolated from traditional fermentative cakes of northeast India. All the isolates synthesized tyrosol while C. tropicalis exhibited filamentous growth in response to tyrosols retrieved from other isolates. Purified tyrosols showed protective behaviour in C. tropicalis and S. cerevisiae under ethanol mediated oxidative stress. During fermentation, tyrosol significantly enhanced growth of W. anomalus in starch medium while C. tropicalis exhibited growth enhancement in starch and glucose sources. The chief fermentative yeast S. cerevisiae showed notable enhancement in fermentative capacity in starch medium under the influence of tyrosol con-commitment of ethanol production. CONCLUSION The study concludes that tyrosol exerts unusual effect in cellular growth and fermentative ability of both Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeasts. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first report of expression of tyrosol by non-conventional yeasts, where the molecule was found to exert enhancing effect during fermentation, thereby augmenting the process of metabolite production during traditional fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Nath
- Microbial Communication and Fungal Biology Group, Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - A K Mishra
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - H K Sarma
- Microbial Communication and Fungal Biology Group, Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Verma V, Mishra AK, Dhawan A, Nath DC. Diversity in substance use behaviour among street children of Delhi under Bayesian paradigm. BMC Med Res Methodol 2020; 20:291. [PMID: 33261577 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-020-01172-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shannon's index is one of the measures of biodiversity, which is intended to quantify both richness and evenness of the species/individuals in the ecosystem or community. However, application of Shannon's index in the field of substance use among the street children has not been done till date. METHODS This paper is concerned with methods of estimating Shannon's diversity index (SDI), which can be used to capture the variation in the population due to certain characteristics. Under the consideration that the probability of abundance, based on certain characteristics in the population, is a random phenomenon, we derive a Bayesian estimate in connection with Shannon's information measure and their properties (mean and variance), by using a probability matching prior, through simulation and compared it with those of the classical estimates of Shannon. The theoretical framework has been applied to the primary survey data of substance use among the street children in Delhi, collected during 2015. The measure of diversity was estimated across different age profiles and districts. RESULTS The results unrevealing the diversity estimate for street children corresponding to each region of Delhi, under both the classical and Bayesian paradigms. Although the estimates were close to one another, a striking difference was noted in the age profile of children. CONCLUSIONS The Bayesian methodology provided evidence for a greater likelihood of finding substance-using street children, belonging to the lower age group (7-10, maximum Bayesian entropy-3.73), followed by the middle (11-14) and upper age group (15-18). Moreover, the estimated variance under the Bayesian paradigm was lesser than that of the classical estimate. There is ample scope for further refinement in these estimates, by considering more covariates that may have a possible role in initiating substance use among street children in developing countries like India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Verma
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Mishra
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
| | - Anju Dhawan
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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30
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Mishra AK, Sinha V. Emission drivers and variability of ambient isoprene, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in north-west India during monsoon season. Environ Pollut 2020; 267:115538. [PMID: 33254592 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde are important reactive organic compounds which strongly impact atmospheric oxidation processes and formation of tropospheric ozone. Monsoon meteorology and the topography of Himalayan foothills cause surface emissions to get rapidly transported both horizontally and vertically, thereby influencing atmospheric processes in distant regions. Further in monsoon, Indo-Gangetic Plain is a major rice growing region of the world and daytime hourly ozone can frequently exceed phytotoxic dose of 40 ppb O3. However, the sources and ambient variability of these compounds which are potent ozone precursors are unknown. Here, we investigate the sources and photochemical processes driving their emission/formation during monsoon season from a sub-urban site at the foothills of the Himalayas. The measurements were performed in July, August and September using a high sensitivity mass spectrometer. Average ambient mixing ratios (±1σ variability) of isoprene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and the sum of methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein (MVK+MACR), were 1.4 ± 0.3 ppb, 5.7 ± 0.9 ppb, 4.5 ± 2.0 ppb, 0.75 ± 0.3 ppb, respectively, and much higher than summertime values in May. For isoprene these values were comparable to mixing ratios observed over tropical forests. Surprisingly, despite occurrence of anthropogenic emissions, biogenic emissions were found to be the major source of isoprene with peak daytime isoprene driven by temperature (r ≥ 0.8) and solar radiation. Photo-oxidation of precursor hydrocarbons were the main sources of acetaldehyde, formaldehyde and MVK+MACR. Ambient mixing ratios of all the compounds correlated poorly with acetonitrile (r ≤ 0.2), a chemical tracer for biomass burning suggesting negligible influence of biomass burning during monsoon season. Our results suggest that during monsoon season when radiation and rain are no longer limiting factors and convective activity causes surface emissions to be transported to upper atmosphere, biogenic emissions can significantly impact the remote upper atmosphere, climate and ozone affecting rice yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Mishra
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - V Sinha
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab, 140306, India.
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Murugan L, Krishnan N, Venkataravanappa V, Saha S, Mishra AK, Sharma BK, Rai AB. Molecular characterization and race identification of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici infecting tomato in India. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:486. [PMID: 33123453 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02475-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fourteen isolates of Fusarium were isolated from wilt affected tomato samples collected from 10 different states of India. Characterization of the fungal cultures based on morphology and sequencing of ITS rDNA revealed that they belonged to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol). Pathogenicity assay on two susceptible tomato cultivars showed all the 14 isolates were pathogenic and categorized in high-, moderate- and low-virulent groups. Differential host assay on Bonny Best (no resistant gene), UC82-L (harboring I-1), Fla.MH1 (harboring I-1 and I-2) and I3R-1 (harboring I-1, I-2 and I-3) tomato genotypes and PCR amplification with race-specific primers indicated that all the Fusarium isolates infecting tomato in India were belonging to race 1. Molecular diversity analysis based on ISSR markers revealed the presence of 3 distinct groups of Fol isolates. Abundant diversity was observed among the Fol isolates in harboring the virulence-related genes (endo-polygalacturonase gene pg1 and tomatinases) and toxin production (fumonisin). However, presence of pg1 does not correlate with virulence and the isolates carrying tomatinase 4 (tom-4) in combination with other tomatinase genes were of virulent group. Detection of fumonisin gene in six isolates of Fusarium infecting tomato indicated their toxigenic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loganathan Murugan
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221305 India
- Present Address: Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Tamil Nadu, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Nagendran Krishnan
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221305 India
| | - V Venkataravanappa
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221305 India
- Present Address: CHES, Chettalli, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bangalore, India
| | - S Saha
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221305 India
- Present Address: Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra India
| | - A K Mishra
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221305 India
| | - B K Sharma
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221305 India
| | - A B Rai
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221305 India
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Sahu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, MD Medicine, 123 Summer Street, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
| | - A K Mishra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, MD Medicine, 123 Summer Street, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
| | - R Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, MD Medicine, 123 Summer Street, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
| | - N Suramaethakul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, MD Medicine, 123 Summer Street, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
| | - G Abraham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, MD Medicine, 123 Summer Street, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
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Pandey CB, Kumar U, Kaviraj M, Minick KJ, Mishra AK, Singh JS. DNRA: A short-circuit in biological N-cycling to conserve nitrogen in terrestrial ecosystems. Sci Total Environ 2020; 738:139710. [PMID: 32544704 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) in soils - a newly appreciated pathway of nitrogen (N) cycling in the terrestrial ecosystems. The reduction of NO3- occurs in two steps; in the first step, NO3- is reduced to NO2-; and in the second, unlike denitrification, NO2- is reduced to NH4+ without intermediates. There are two sets of NO3-/NO2- reductase enzymes, i.e., Nap/Nrf and Nar/Nir; the former occurs on the periplasmic-membrane and energy conservation is respiratory via electron-transport-chain, whereas the latter is cytoplasmic and energy conservation is both respiratory and fermentative (Nir, substrate-phosphorylation). Since, Nir catalyzes both assimilatory- and dissimilatory-nitrate reduction, the nrfA gene, which transcribes the NrfA protein, is treated as a molecular-marker of DNRA; and a high nrfA/nosZ (N2O-reductase) ratio favours DNRA. Recently, several crystal structures of NrfA have been presumed to producee N2O as a byproduct of DNRA via the NO (nitric-oxide) pathway. Meta-analyses of about 200 publications have revealed that DNRA is regulated by oxidation state of soils and sediments, carbon (C)/N and NO2-/NO3- ratio, and concentrations of ferrous iron (Fe2+) and sulfide (S2-). Under low-redox conditions, a high C/NO3- ratio selects for DNRA while a low ratio selects for denitrification. When the proportion of both C and NO3- are equal, the NO2-/NO3- ratio modulates partitioning of NO3-, and a high NO2-/NO3- ratio favours DNRA. A high S2-/NO3- ratio also promotes DNRA in coastal-ecosystems and saline sediments. Soil pH, temperature, and fine soil particles are other factors known to influence DNRA. Since, DNRA reduces NO3- to NH4+, it is essential for protecting NO3- from leaching and gaseous (N2O) losses and enriches soils with readily available NH4+-N to primary producers and heterotrophic microorganisms. Therefore, DNRA may be treated as a tool to reduce ground-water NO3- pollution, enhance soil health and improve environmental quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Pandey
- ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur 342003, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Upendra Kumar
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India.
| | - Megha Kaviraj
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - K J Minick
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - A K Mishra
- International Rice Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - J S Singh
- Ecosystem Analysis Lab, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Mishra
- Internal Medicine, St. Vincent Hospital, 123 Summer Street, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - K K Sahu
- Internal Medicine, St. Vincent Hospital, 123 Summer Street, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - S Nagabandi
- Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent Hospital, 123 Summer Street, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - J Benotti
- Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent Hospital, 123 Summer Street, Worcester, MA, USA
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Gupta A, Shukla N, Nehra M, Gupta S, Malik B, Mishra AK, Vijay M, Batra J, Lohiya NK, Sharma D, Suravajhala P. A Pilot Study on the Whole Exome Sequencing of Prostate Cancer in the Indian Phenotype Reveals Distinct Polymorphisms. Front Genet 2020; 11:874. [PMID: 33193569 PMCID: PMC7477354 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the third most common cancer among men in India, and no next-generation sequencing (NGS) studies have been attempted earlier. Recent advances in NGS have heralded the discovery of biomarkers from Caucasian/European and Chinese ancestry, but not much is known about the Indian phenotype/variant of PCa. In a pilot study using the whole exome sequencing of benign/PCa patients, we identified characteristic mutations specific to the Indian sub-population. We observed a large number of mutations in DNA repair genes, viz. helicases, TP53, and BRCA besides the variants of unknown significance with a possibly damaging rare variant (rs730881069/chr19:55154172C/TR136Q) in the TNNI3 gene that has been previously reported as a semi-conservative amino acid substitution. Our pilot study attempts to bring an understanding of PCa prognosis and recurrence for the Indian phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayam Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Birla Institute of Scientific Research, Jaipur, India.,Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to be University), Guntur, India
| | - Nidhi Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Birla Institute of Scientific Research, Jaipur, India.,Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
| | - Mamta Nehra
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Birla Institute of Scientific Research, Jaipur, India
| | - Sonal Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Birla Institute of Scientific Research, Jaipur, India
| | - Babita Malik
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
| | | | | | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Queensland Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | - Prashanth Suravajhala
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Birla Institute of Scientific Research, Jaipur, India
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Mishra AK, Rana C, Saha S. Fabrication and comparison of Heterojunction solar cells from CdS/PbS nanoparticles and CdS/PbS bulk. Nano Ex 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/abab16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
PbS nanoparticles and CdS nanoparticles are grown by chemical methods. Also bulk PbS is grown by simple chemical methods without using any capping agent. The material formation is identified from XRD.TEM image shows the formation of different shaped PbS nanoparticles, CdS nanoparticles, and bulk PbS. Three different heterojunction solar cells are fabricated by CdS and PbS samples using a spin coating technique. Finally, gold is evaporated on PbS film. Current-voltage characteristics data for three heterojunction solar cells are taken under dark and illumination conditions. For each fabricated solar cell open-circuit voltage (VOC), short circuit current density (ISC), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency(
ῃ
) are measured. Finally, a comparison of the characteristics is done for different fabricated heterojunction solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Sahu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, 123 Summer Street, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
| | - A K Mishra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, 123 Summer Street, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
| | - A Lal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, Minnesota, 55902, USA
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Mishra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
| | - K K Sahu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
| | - V Baddam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
| | - J Sargent
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Sahu
- Department of Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, 123 Summer Street, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
| | - A Lal
- Department of Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, 123 Summer Street, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
| | - A K Mishra
- Department of Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, 123 Summer Street, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
| | - P Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, 123 Summer Street, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Sahu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, 123 Summer Street, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
| | - A K Mishra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, 123 Summer Street, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
| | - C A Lopez
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Reliant Medical Group, 123 Summer Street, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
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41
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Gupta S, Lal R, Ambekar A, Mishra AK, Rao R. The pattern of alcohol use and its relationship with consequences among problem alcohol users: A community-based cross-sectional study from India. Indian J Psychiatry 2020; 62:152-158. [PMID: 32382174 PMCID: PMC7197826 DOI: 10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_194_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pattern of drinking has a strong bearing on alcohol-related negative consequences. Very few studies from India have assessed this relationship using any standardized instrument. AIM The current study aims to assess the relationship between pattern of alcohol use and negative consequences among problem alcohol users using a standardized instrument. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional, observational study using snowball sampling technique was conducted among 75 participants in an urban slum of a metropolitan city of India. Screening of the participants was done by the World Health Organization Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (WHO-ASSIST). Alcohol use details and alcohol-related adverse consequences were obtained by a semi-structured questionnaire and Drinker Inventory of Consequences (DrInC) inventory, respectively. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and logistic regression test were used to analyze the data. RESULTS There was a significant association between high total DrInC score and ≥3 subscale scores with employment status, percentage of total family income spent on alcohol, source of income to procure alcohol, amount of alcohol, morning drinking, alcohol use for relaxation, and drinking throughout the day (Chi-square test). Age ≤35 years, current unemployment/part-time employment state, spending ≥25% of total family income on alcohol, family history, and drinking throughout the day were more likely to have high total DrInC score and ≥2 subscale scores (logistic regression analysis). CONCLUSION A large proportion of the participants were suffering significantly from alcohol-related consequences but still were not receiving any treatment. It emphasizes the need for more epidemiological studies in this area for its treatment and policy-level implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehil Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry, National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Lal
- Department of Psychiatry, National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Atul Ambekar
- Department of Psychiatry, National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Mishra
- Department of Psychiatry, National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravindra Rao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Mishra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
| | - K K Sahu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
| | - A Lal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
| | - V Menon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Mishra
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
| | - K K Sahu
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
| | - A Lal
- Department of Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - M Sujata
- Department of Critical Care, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, MA, USA
- Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
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Dhawan A, Mishra AK, Ambekar A, Chatterjee B, Agrawal A, Bhargava R. Estimating the size of substance using street children in Delhi using Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS). Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 48:101890. [PMID: 31841817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.101890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Street children as a population sub-group exist in significant numbers in the developing world and have been reported to be vulnerable to adverse health and risk behaviours that include physical and sexual risk behaviour. However, the estimation of prevalence for various psychoactive substances among the street children in a representative sample has not been attempted in the developing country like India. This is challenging due to the absence of an appropriate sampling frame, the population living in isolation, hiding their identity and concealing their behaviour. Use of psychoactive substances in street children is riddled with these challenges. The present investigation describes the findings from size estimation study on a representative sample of street child (n = 766) in Delhi, by implementing the Respondent Driven Sampling Methodology (RDS). The weighted prevalence for three commonest substances was found as Tobacco (31.1 %), alcohol (13.5 %) and inhalants (11.3 %) used during the last one year with the estimated number as -Tobacco (21,770), Alcohol (9450) and Inhalants (5600). Almost one third of street children were using some substance. Also, a large majority of ever users were also using substances currently. The study demonstrates successfully the implementation of RDS for the estimation of the prevalence of psychoactive substances in a representative manner. A large majority of street children use psychoactive substances, and there is a need for more of such studies in other metropolitan cities so that local level interventions and planning can be done for treatment and prevention of psychoactive substances among the street children. The important public health implications had been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Dhawan
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ashwani Kumar Mishra
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Atul Ambekar
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Biswadip Chatterjee
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Alok Agrawal
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Rachna Bhargava
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Sahu KK, Mishra AK, Lal A, Kranis M. An interesting case of expressive aphasia: Enterococcus faecalis-related infective endocarditis complicating as septic emboli. QJM 2020; 113:146-147. [PMID: 31268537 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcz169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K K Sahu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, 123 Summer Street, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
| | - A K Mishra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, 123 Summer Street, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
| | - A Lal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, 123 Summer Street, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
| | - M Kranis
- Department of Cardiovascular diseases, Saint Vincent Hospital, 123 Summer Street, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Mishra
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
| | - K K Sahu
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
| | - A Lal
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
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47
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Moja TN, Bunekar N, Mishra SB, Tsai TY, Hwang SS, Mishra AK. Melt processing of polypropylene-grafted-maleic anhydride/Chitosan polymer blend functionalized with montmorillonite for the removal of lead ions from aqueous solutions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:217. [PMID: 31937796 PMCID: PMC6959273 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals such as lead ions Pb (II) are a primary concern in the aquatic environment. These is because Pb (II) is poisonous at a threshold limit above 0.01 mg/L, when consumed over a long period of time. Pb (II) poisoning is very harmful to various organs viz. heart, intestine and kidneys. Besides, it affects bones, tissues, nervous and reproductive systems. Hence, it is important to remove Pb (II) from aquatic environment. Polypropylene (PP) and polypropylene grafted-maleic-anhydride (PP-g-MA) based nanocomposites reinforced with Chitosan (CS) and modified montmorillonite clay nanofiller (CL120DT) were successfully fabricated using twin screw melt extrusion for adsorption of Pb (II). The resulting nanocomposites were characterized by XRD to analyze the dispersion properties of the material, TEM and SEM for surface morphology, FTIR analysis for the functional groups and TGA for thermal stability. Pure PP showed two sharp peaks, but there was decreased in the intensity upon adding of CS and CL120DT. Among series of nanocomposites 2.0 phr and 4.0 phr loaded samples shows better storage module than that of pure PP. The uptake of Pb (II) from lead nitrate aqueous solution by PP + PP-g-MA/CL120DT-CS 2.0 phr nanocomposites followed the Langmuir isotherm model, with a remediation of 90.9% at pH 8 and was verified by pseudo-second order kinetic model. These results indicate that PP + PP-g-MA//CL120DT-CS 2.0 phr nanocomposites performed as a superabsorbent for the Pb (II) ion removal from aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Moja
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - N Bunekar
- Department of Chemistry, Master Program in Nanotechnology & Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, ROC
| | - S B Mishra
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - T-Y Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, Master Program in Nanotechnology & Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - S S Hwang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chien-Hsin University of Science and Technology, Chung-Li, 32097, Taiwan, ROC
| | - A K Mishra
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Abstract
Objective and method: Betel (areca) nut has recently received interest from researchers and policy makers for its role as a psychoactive substance. It was historically limited to Asia-pacific region, but with the advent of globalization, it has become an equally challenging public health problem across the globe. Previously published literature can give us valuable insights in terms of historical interest and understanding related to betel nut. With the expansion of biomedical research a huge number of articles have been published on the same. In terms of understanding the impact of an article, citations are considered a proxy estimate measure. Thus we decided to analyze the top 100 cited articles (till November 2018) related to betel nut. The search in Google scholar database was done with the help of freely available software, Publish or Perish. Results: Overall we found that most articles were published from the fields of dentistry and oncology, with relatively minimal contribution from the field of Addiction Psychiatry. Hence, most articles have addressed the issue of epidemiology and mechanism with lesser share of treatment related publications. Various important information related to these articles have been discussed including the institutions, countries, journals and impactful authors in the field. Subsequently, original research articles are further classified into descriptive/epidemiology, mechanism, management, scale/measurement, imaging and medical psychiatry. Importance: This citation analysis provides valuable information with regards to the emphasis of researchers in the field, and areas where more emphasis is required from contemporary world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Vashney
- Department of Addiction Psychiatry, National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arpit Parmar
- Department of Addiction Psychiatry, National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Mishra
- Department of Biostatistics, National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre and Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Mishra AK, Santos R, Hall-Spencer JM. Elevated trace elements in sediments and seagrasses at CO 2 seeps. Mar Environ Res 2020; 153:104810. [PMID: 31733909 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Seagrasses often occur around shallow marine CO2 seeps, allowing assessment of trace metal accumulation. Here, we measured Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn levels at six CO2 seeps and six reference sites in the Mediterranean. Some seep sediments had elevated metal concentrations; an extreme example was Cd which was 43x more concentrated at a seep site than its corresponding reference site. Three seeps had metal levels that were predicted to adversely affect marine biota, namely Vulcano (for Hg), Ischia (for Cu) and Paleochori (for Cd and Ni). There were higher-than-sediment levels of Zn and Ni in Posidonia oceanica and of Zn in Cymodocea nodosa, particularly in roots. High levels of Cu were found in Ischia seep sediments, yet seagrass was abundant there, and the plants contained low levels of Cu. Differences in bioavailability and toxicity of trace elements helps explain why seagrasses can be abundant at some CO2 seeps but not at others.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Mishra
- Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal; School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL48A, UK.
| | - R Santos
- Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
| | - J M Hall-Spencer
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL48A, UK; Shimoda Marine Research Centre, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, 415-0025, Japan
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Hakkim H, Sinha V, Chandra BP, Kumar A, Mishra AK, Sinha B, Sharma G, Pawar H, Sohpaul B, Ghude SD, Pithani P, Kulkarni R, Jenamani RK, Rajeevan M. Volatile organic compound measurements point to fog-induced biomass burning feedback to air quality in the megacity of Delhi. Sci Total Environ 2019; 689:295-304. [PMID: 31276997 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the first ambient measurements of thirteen VOCs for investigations of emissions and air quality during fog and non-fog wintertime conditions at a tower site (28.57° N, 77.11° E, 220 m amsl) in the megacity of Delhi. Measurements of acetonitrile (biomass burning (BB) tracer), isoprene (biogenic emission tracer in daytime), toluene (a traffic exhaust tracer) and benzene (emitted from BB and traffic), together with soluble and reactive oxygenated VOCs such as methanol, acetone and acetaldehyde were performed during the winters of 2015-16 and 2016-17, using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry. Remarkably, ambient VOC composition changes during fog were not governed by solubility. Acetaldehyde, toluene, sum of C8-aromatics (e.g. xylenes), sum of C9-aromatics (e.g. trimethyl benzenes) decreased by ≥30% (>95% confidence interval), whereas acetonitrile and benzene showed significant increases by 20% (>70% confidence interval), even after accounting for boundary layer dilution. During fog, the lower temperatures appeared to induce an emissions feedback from enhanced open BB within Delhi for warming, releasing both gaseous and aerosol pollutants with consequences for fog chemistry, sustenance and intensity. The potential feedback is important to consider for improving current emission parametrizations in models used for predicting air quality and fog in such atmospheric environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hakkim
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - V Sinha
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab, 140306, India.
| | - B P Chandra
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - A Kumar
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - A K Mishra
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - B Sinha
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - G Sharma
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - H Pawar
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - B Sohpaul
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Sachin D Ghude
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - P Pithani
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - R Kulkarni
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pashan, Pune 411008, India; Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - R K Jenamani
- Indian Meteorological Department, New Delhi 110003, India
| | - M Rajeevan
- Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, New Delhi 110003, India
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