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Thezenas J, Salhi H, Hubsch C, De Raeve M. [Current issues surrounding Parkinson's disease]. Soins 2024; 69:18-21. [PMID: 38453393 DOI: 10.1016/j.soin.2023.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The number of people suffering from Parkinson's disease is constantly increasing. Diagnosis is based on the motor and non-motor symptoms present throughout the course of the disease. To preserve patient autonomy, the main therapeutic challenge is to propose a treatment adapted to each profile, in conjunction with the implementation of non-medication strategies, reflection on improved accessibility to existing medication and research into innovative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Thezenas
- Hôpital Simone-Veil, Groupement hospitalier Eaubonne-Montmorency, 14 rue de Saint-Prix, 95600 Eaubonne, France; Centre hospitalier d'Argenteuil, 69 rue du Lieutenant-Colonel-Prudhon, 95107 Argenteuil, France; Université Paris Cité, Site Villemin, 10 avenue de Villemin, 75010 Paris, France.
| | - Hayet Salhi
- Centre expert Parkinson, CHU Henri-Mondor, AP-HP, 1 rue Gustave-Eiffel, 94000 Créteil, France; Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-est Créteil, 8 rue du Général-Sarrail, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Cécile Hubsch
- Service de neurologie, Unité James Parkinson, hôpital Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, 29 rue Manin, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Mégane De Raeve
- Centre expert Parkinson, CHU Henri-Mondor, AP-HP, 1 rue Gustave-Eiffel, 94000 Créteil, France
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Faggianelli F, Witjas T, Azulay JP, Benatru I, Hubsch C, Anheim M, Moreau C, Hainque E, Drapier S, Jarraya B, Laurencin C, Guehl D, Hopes L, Brefel-Courbon C, Tir M, Marques A, Rouaud T, Maltete D, Giordana C, Baumstarck K, Rascol O, Corvol JC, Rolland AS, Devos D, Eusebio A. ON/OFF non-motor evaluation: a new way to evaluate non-motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2024:jnnp-2023-332551. [PMID: 38272656 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2023-332551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NMF are currently poorly evaluated in therapeutic decisions. A quantification of their severity would facilitate their integration. The objective of this study was to validate an autoquestionnaire evaluating the severity of non-motor fluctuations (NMF) in Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS Patients with PD were included in presurgical situation for deep brain stimulation of subthalamic nuclei. They participated in the PREDISTIM cohort (a study evaluating the predictive factors for therapeutic response of subthalamic stimulation in PD) in 17 centres in France. Our questionnaire, resulting from previous phases of development, included 11 non-motor symptoms (NMS). Their severity ranged from 0 to 10 and was assessed in OFF and then ON-Dopa to study their fluctuations. RESULTS 310 patients were included, of whom 98.8% had NMS and 98.0% had NMF. Each NMS was significantly improved by L-Dopa (decrease in severity score ranging from 43.1% to 69.9%). Fatigue was the most frequent and most severe NMS. NMS were considered more bothersome than motor symptoms by 37.5% of patients in OFF-Dopa and 34.9% in ON-Dopa. CONCLUSIONS This is the first questionnaire allowing a real-time quantification of the severity of NMS and their fluctuation with levodopa. It was able to confirm and measure the effect of L-dopa and show differences according to the patients and the NMS. It differs from other questionnaires by its measurement at a precise moment of the severity of the NMS, allowing its use during pretherapeutic assessments.Our questionnaire has been validated to measure the severity of NMF. It will be able to quantify the non-motor effect of anti-parkinsonian treatments and could facilitate the integration of NMF in therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiana Witjas
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Timone, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Cécile Hubsch
- Neurology, Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Anheim
- Service de Neurologie, Hopital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
| | - Caroline Moreau
- Neurology Expert Center for Parkinson's disease, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | | | | | - Béchir Jarraya
- Neuroscience, Hospital Foch, Suresnes, Île-de-France, France
| | - Chloé Laurencin
- CNRS UMR 5229, Bron, France
- Centre Expert Parkinson, Bron, France
| | - Dominique Guehl
- Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS UMR 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodegeneratives, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lucie Hopes
- Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, Nancy, Lorraine, France
| | - Christine Brefel-Courbon
- Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, University Hospital Centre Toulouse, Toulouse, Occitanie, France
| | - Melissa Tir
- Neurology, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, Hauts-de-France, France
| | - Ana Marques
- EA7280, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Neurology, University Hospital Centre Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tiphaine Rouaud
- Department of Neurology, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | | | - Caroline Giordana
- Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, Nancy, Lorraine, France
| | - Karine Baumstarck
- Aix Marseille Université, EA 3279 Self-Perceived Health Assessment Research Unit, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Anne-Sophie Rolland
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Neurology and Movement Disorders Department, Referent Center of Parkinson's Disease, CHU of Lille, Univ. Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Inserm, UMR-S1172, Lille, France
| | - David Devos
- Medical Pharmacology, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France
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Rauline G, Hingray C, Carle-Toulemonde G, Hubsch C, El Hage W, Conejero I, Samalin L, Garcin B, Gharib A. [Validated care programs for patients with functional neurological disorders]. Encephale 2023:S0013-7006(23)00087-8. [PMID: 37400332 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a common cause of persistent and disabling neurological symptoms. Diagnostic delay may lead to no treatment, inappropriate treatment or even iatrogenic symptoms. Yet, several treatments significantly reduce physical symptoms and improve functioning in FND patients even though not all patients respond to the currently available treatments. This review aims to describe the range of evidence-based rehabilitative and/or psychological therapeutic approaches available for FND patients. The most effective treatments are multidisciplinary and coordinated; using an outpatient or inpatient setting. Building a network of FND-trained healthcare professionals around the patient is an essential aspect of optimal patient management. Indeed, a supportive environment coupled with a collaborative therapeutic relationship improves understanding of FND and appears to help patients engage in appropriate treatments. Patients need to be invested in their own care and have to understand that recovery may depend on their commitment. The conventional treatment combines psychoeducation, physical rehabilitation and psychotherapy (cognitive and behavioral therapy, hypnosis, psychodynamic interpersonal therapy). Early referral of patients to physical therapy is recommended; however, the optimal parameters of treatment, duration and intensity are unknown and seem to vary with the severity and chronicity of symptoms. The goal is to minimize self-awareness by diverting attention or by stimulating automatically generated movements with non-specific and gradual exercises. The use of compensatory technical aids should be avoided as much as possible. Psychotherapeutic management should encourage self-evaluation of cognitive distortions, emotional reactions and maladaptive behaviors while empowering the patient in managing symptoms. Symptom management can use anchoring strategies to fight against dissociation. The aim is to connect to the immediate environment and to enrich one's sensoriality. The psychological interventions should then be adapted to the individual psychopathology, cognitive style and personality functioning of each patient. There is currently no known curative pharmacological treatment for FND. The pharmacological approach rather consists of progressively discontinuing medication that was introduced by default and that could lead to undesirable side effects. Finally, neurostimulation (transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation) can be effective on motor FND.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Coraline Hingray
- Pôle universitaire du Grand Nancy, CPN/unité neuropsychiatrique, CHRU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Guilhem Carle-Toulemonde
- Cabinet de psychosomatique et stimulation magnétique transcrânienne, clinique Saint-Exupery, Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Hubsch
- Parkinson Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Foundation Adolphe-de-Rothschild, Paris, France
| | - Wissam El Hage
- CHRU de Tours, clinique psychiatrique universitaire, Tours, France
| | - Ismaël Conejero
- Département de psychiatrie adulte, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Ludovic Samalin
- Département de psychiatrie, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, université de Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal (UMR 6602), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Béatrice Garcin
- Service de neurologie, hôpital Avicenne, AP-HP, 125, rue de Stalingrad, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Axelle Gharib
- Centre bipol-AIR 9, rue Abraham-Bloch, 69007 Lyon, France.
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Conejero I, Thouvenot E, Hingray C, Hubsch C, El-Hage W, Carle-Toulemonde G, Rotge JY, Drapier S, Drapier D, Mouchabac S. [Understanding functional neurological disorders: From biological markers to pathophysiological models]. Encephale 2023:S0013-7006(23)00085-4. [PMID: 37394415 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Functional neurological disorders have witnessed intense research activity in the fields of structural and functional neuroimaging for more than twenty years. Thus, we propose a synthesis of recent research findings and etiological hypotheses that have been proposed so far. This work should help clinicians to better understand the nature of the mechanisms involved, but also help patients to increase their knowledge about the biological features underlying their functional symptoms. METHODS We carried out a narrative review of international publications dealing with neuroimaging and biology of functional neurological disorders, from 1997 to 2023. RESULTS Several brain networks underlie functional neurological symptoms. These networks play a role in the management of cognitive resources, in attentional control, emotion regulation, in agency and in the processing of interoceptive signals. The mechanisms of the stress response are also associated with the symptoms. The biopsychosocial model helps to better understand predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors involved. The functional neurological phenotype results from the interaction between: i) a specific pre-existing vulnerability resulting from biological background and epigenetic modifications, and ii) exposure to stress factors, according to the stress-diathesis model. This interaction causes emotional disturbances including hypervigilance, lack of integration of sensations and affects, and emotional dysregulation. These characteristics in turn impact the cognitive, motor and affective control processes related with the functional neurological symptoms. CONCLUSIONS A better knowledge of the biopsychosocial determinants of brain network dysfunctions is necessary. Understanding them would help developing targeted treatments, but is also critical for patients care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Conejero
- Département de psychiatrie, CHU de Nîmes, PSNREC, Inserm, université de Montpellier, Nîmes, France.
| | - Eric Thouvenot
- Département de Neurologie, CHU Nîmes, université de Montpellier, institut de génomique fonctionnelle, University Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Coraline Hingray
- Pôle hospitalo-universitaire de psychiatrie d'adultes du Grand Nancy, centre psychothérapique de Nancy, Laxou, France
| | - Cécile Hubsch
- Département de neurologie, unité Parkinson, hôpital Fondation Adolphe-de-Rothschild, Paris, France
| | - Wissam El-Hage
- Clinique psychiatrique universitaire, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Guilhem Carle-Toulemonde
- Cabinet de psychosomatique et stimulation magnétique transcrânienne, clinique Saint-Exupéry, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Yves Rotge
- Service de psychiatrie d'adultes, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne université, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Drapier
- Département de neurologie, CHU de Rennes, CIC Inserm 1414, Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Drapier
- Département de psychiatrie adulte, CH Guillaume-Régnier, université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Stéphane Mouchabac
- Département de psychiatrie, CHU Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, iCRIN Psychiatry (Infrastructure of Clinical Research in Neurosciences-Psychiatry), Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM), Université Sorbonne, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
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Zito GA, Tarrano C, Ouarab S, Jegatheesan P, Ekmen A, Béranger B, Valabregue R, Hubsch C, Sangla S, Bonnet C, Delorme C, Méneret A, Degos B, Bouquet F, Apoil Brissard M, Vidailhet M, Hasboun D, Worbe Y, Roze E, Gallea C. Fixel-Based Analysis Reveals Whole-Brain White Matter Abnormalities in Cervical Dystonia. Mov Disord 2023. [PMID: 37148555 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical dystonia (CD) is a form of isolated focal dystonia typically associated to abnormal head, neck, and shoulder movements and postures. The complexity of the clinical presentation limits the investigation of its pathophysiological mechanisms, and the neural networks associated to specific motor manifestations are still the object of debate. OBJECTIVES We investigated the morphometric properties of white matter fibers in CD and explored the networks associated with motor symptoms, while regressing out nonmotor scores. METHODS Nineteen patients affected by CD and 21 healthy controls underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. We performed fixel-based analysis, a novel method evaluating fiber orientation within specific fiber bundles, and compared fiber morphometric properties between groups. Moreover, we correlated fiber morphometry with the severity of motor symptoms in patients. RESULTS Compared to controls, patients exhibited decreased white matter fibers in the right striatum. Motor symptom severity negatively correlated with white matter fibers passing through inferior parietal areas and the head representation area of the motor cortex. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal white matter integrity at the basal ganglia level may affect several functional networks involved, for instance, in motor preparation and execution, visuomotor coordination, and multimodal integration. This may result in progressive maladaptive plasticity, culminating in overt symptoms of dystonia. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clément Tarrano
- Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Salim Ouarab
- Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France
| | - Prasanthi Jegatheesan
- Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France
| | - Asya Ekmen
- Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France
| | - Benoît Béranger
- Center for NeuroImaging Research (CENIR), Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Romain Valabregue
- Center for NeuroImaging Research (CENIR), Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Hubsch
- Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Sangla
- Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France
| | - Cécilia Bonnet
- Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Delorme
- Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Méneret
- Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France
- DMU Neurosciences, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Degos
- Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France
- Neurology Unit, AP-HP, Avicenne University Hospital, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR7241/INSERM U1050, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Floriane Bouquet
- Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France
| | | | - Marie Vidailhet
- Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France
- DMU Neurosciences, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Hasboun
- Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Yulia Worbe
- Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France
- Department of Neurophysiology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France
- DMU Neurosciences, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Gallea
- Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France
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Trompette C, Giordana C, Leplus A, Grabli D, Hubsch C, Marsé C, Fontaine D. Combined thalamic and pallidal deep brain stimulation for dystonic tremor. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2022; 103:29-33. [PMID: 36029608 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been proposed to treat disabling dystonic tremor (DT), but there is debate about the optimal target. DBS of the globus pallidus interna (GPi) may be insufficient to control tremor, and DBS of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus (VIM) may inadequately control dystonic features, raising the question of combining both targets. OBJECTIVES To report the respective effects on DT symptoms of high-frequency stimulation of the VIM, the GPi and both targets simultaneously stimulated. METHODS Three patients with DT treated by bilateral high frequency DBS of 2 targets (VIM and GPi) were assessed 12 months after surgery in 4 conditions (VIM and GPi-DBS; GPi-DBS only; VIM-DBS only; DBS switched Off for both targets) by 3 independent movement disorders specialists blinded to the condition. RESULTS The Fahn-Tolosa-Marin-tremor-rating-scale (FTM-TRS) and Burke-Fahn-Marsden-dystonia-rating-scale (BFM-DRS) scores were more improved by combined DBS than VIM alone or GPi alone. Compared to Off/Off condition, mean total FTM-TRS score decrease was 34%, 42% and 63% respectively with VIM only, GPi only and combined VIM and GPi stimulation. Mean total BFM-DRS score decrease was 34%, 37% and 60% respectively with VIM only, GPi only and combined VIM and GPi stimulation, compared to Off/Off condition. Improvement concerned both motor, functional and activities of daily living sub-scores. No complications or adverse events were observed. CONCLUSION Combined VIM- and GPi-DBS, by modulating the cerebello-thalamo-cortical network and the basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical network, both involved in DT pathophysiology, may be more efficient than single DBS targeting only one of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Trompette
- Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Caroline Giordana
- Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
| | - Aurélie Leplus
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - David Grabli
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France; Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Hubsch
- Parkinson Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Foundation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France
| | - Claire Marsé
- Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Denys Fontaine
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France; UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
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7
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Boussac M, Arbus C, Klinger H, Eusebio A, Hainque E, Corvol JC, Rascol O, Rousseau V, Harroch E, d'Apollonia CS, Croiset A, Ory-Magne F, De Barros A, Fabbri M, Moreau C, Rolland AS, Benatru I, Anheim M, Marques AR, Maltête D, Drapier S, Jarraya B, Hubsch C, Guehl D, Meyer M, Rouaud T, Giordana B, Tir M, Devos D, Brefel-Courbon C. Personality Related to Quality-of-Life Improvement After Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease (PSYCHO-STIM II). J Parkinsons Dis 2022; 12:699-711. [PMID: 34897100 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation of the sub-thalamic nucleus (DBS-STN) reduces symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with motor fluctuations. However, some patients may not feel ameliorated afterwards, despite an objective motor improvement. It is thus important to find new predictors of patients' quality of life (QoL) amelioration after DBS-STN. We hypothesized that personality dimensions might affect QoL after DBS-STN. OBJECTIVE To evaluate associations between personality dimensions and QoL improvement one year after DBS-STN. METHODS DBS-STN-PD patients (n = 303) having answered the "Temperament and Character Inventory" (TCI) before surgery and the PDQ-39 before and one year after surgery were included, from the cohort study PREDI-STIM. Linear regression models were used to evaluate associations between TCI dimensions and change in PDQ-39 scores after DBS-STN. RESULTS Novelty Seeking and Cooperativeness scores before surgery were positively associated with PDQ-39 scores improvement after DBS-STN (FDR-adjusted p < 0.01). Moreover, paradoxically unimproved patients with deterioration of their PDQ-39 scores after DBS-STN despite improvement of their MDS-UPDRS-IV scores had lower Cooperativeness scores, while paradoxically improved patients with amelioration of their PDQ-39 scores despite deterioration of their MDS-UPDRS-IV scores had higher Reward Dependence scores. CONCLUSION Some presurgical personality dimensions were significantly associated with QoL amelioration and discrepancy between motor state and QoL changes after DBS-STN in PD. Educational programs before DBS-STN should take in account patient personality dimensions to better deal with their expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Boussac
- Toulouse Neuro Imaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France
| | - Christophe Arbus
- Psychiatry Department of the University Hospital of Toulouse, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Helene Klinger
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Service de Neurologie C, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Eusebio
- Aix Marseille Université, AP-HM, Hôpital de La Timone, Service de Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement, and UMR CNRS, Institut de Neuroscience de La Timone, NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, Marseille, France
| | - Elodie Hainque
- Département de Neurologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France et Faculté de Médecine de Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jean Christophe Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute -ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, NS-PARK/FCRIN, Department of Neurology, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Rascol
- Toulouse Neuro Imaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Parkinson Expert Center, Clinical Investigation Center, University Hospital of Toulouse, NeuroToul COEN (Center of Excellence in Neurodegeneration), Toulouse, NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, France
| | - Vanessa Rousseau
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Parkinson Expert Center, Clinical Investigation Center, University Hospital of Toulouse, NeuroToul COEN (Center of Excellence in Neurodegeneration), Toulouse, NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, France
| | - Estelle Harroch
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Parkinson Expert Center, Clinical Investigation Center, University Hospital of Toulouse, NeuroToul COEN (Center of Excellence in Neurodegeneration), Toulouse, NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, France
| | - Charlotte Scotto d'Apollonia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Parkinson Expert Center, Clinical Investigation Center, University Hospital of Toulouse, NeuroToul COEN (Center of Excellence in Neurodegeneration), Toulouse, NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, France
| | - Aurélie Croiset
- CERPPS-Study and Research Center in Psychopathology and Health Psychology, University of Toulouse II Jean-Jaurès, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabienne Ory-Magne
- Toulouse Neuro Imaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Parkinson Expert Center, Clinical Investigation Center, University Hospital of Toulouse, NeuroToul COEN (Center of Excellence in Neurodegeneration), Toulouse, NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, France
| | - Amaury De Barros
- Toulouse Neuro Imaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France.,Department of Neurosurgery, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Margherita Fabbri
- Toulouse Neuro Imaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Parkinson Expert Center, Clinical Investigation Center, University Hospital of Toulouse, NeuroToul COEN (Center of Excellence in Neurodegeneration), Toulouse, NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, France
| | - Caroline Moreau
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Neurology and Movement Disorders Department, Referent center of Parkinson's disease, CHU of Lille, Univ. Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Inserm, UMR-S1172, Licend, Lille, NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Rolland
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Neurology and Movement Disorders Department, Referent center of Parkinson's disease, CHU of Lille, Univ. Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Inserm, UMR-S1172, Licend, Lille, NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, France
| | - Isabelle Benatru
- Neurology Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France; INSERM, CHU de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Centre d'Investigation Clinique CIC1402, Poitiers, France
| | - Mathieu Anheim
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ana-Raquel Marques
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Neurology department, France
| | - David Maltête
- Department of Neurology, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen, France; INSERM U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Sophie Drapier
- CHU Rennes, Service de neurologie, CIC-INSERM 1414, Rennes, France
| | - Béchir Jarraya
- Pôle Neurosciences, Foch Hospital, Suresnes; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM U992, CEA Paris-Saclay, Neurospin, France
| | - Cécile Hubsch
- Hôpital Fondation A de Rothschild, Service de recherche clinique, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Guehl
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN, CNRS U5393), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Pôle des Neurosciences Cliniques, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mylène Meyer
- Service de neurologie, Hôpital Central, CHRU de Nancy, Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Tiphaine Rouaud
- Clinique Neurologique, Hôpital Guillaume et René Laennec, Boulevard Jacques Monod, Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Giordana
- CHU Nice, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Nice, France
| | - Mélissa Tir
- Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosurgery, Expert Centre for Parkinson's disease, Amiens University Hospital, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie (LNFP) Université de Picardie Jules Verne, University of Picardy Jules Verne (UPJV), NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, Amiens, France
| | - David Devos
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Neurology and Movement Disorders Department, Referent center of Parkinson's disease, CHU of Lille, Univ. Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Inserm, UMR-S1172, Licend, Lille, NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, France
| | - Christine Brefel-Courbon
- Toulouse Neuro Imaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Parkinson Expert Center, Clinical Investigation Center, University Hospital of Toulouse, NeuroToul COEN (Center of Excellence in Neurodegeneration), Toulouse, NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, France
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Garcia J, Hubsch C, Marques A, Gurruchaga JM, Lamirel C, Roze E, Moulignier A. HIV-infection impact on outcomes of deep-brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus for Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol 2021; 29:1232-1237. [PMID: 34970826 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Middle-aged persons living with HIV (PLHIVs) experience heightened risk for more concomitant age-related comorbidities, acknowledged as signs of poorer deep-brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) prognosis, at younger-than-expected ages. To assess the beneficial and adverse effects of STN-DBS in PLHIVs with Parkinson's disease (PD-PLHIVs). METHODS We retrospectively included 9 PD-PLHIVs with sustained virological control. Patients were followed up to 7±4 years. RESULTS Mean ages at PD onset and STN-DBS were, respectively, 45±15 and 53±16 years. At STN-DBS, respective mean HIV-infection and PD durations were 15±12, and 8±4 years. STN-DBS significantly improved 1-year UPDRS-III scores (71%), daily off-time (63%), motor fluctuations (75%) and daily levodopa-equivalent dose (68%); mean 5-year UPDRS-III score and motor-fluctuation improvements remained ~45%. Impulse-control disorders (affecting 6/9) fully resolved post-STN-DBS. Post-operative course was uneventful. No serious adverse events occurred during follow-up. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that STN-DBS is a safe and effective treatment for PD-PLHIVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Garcia
- Department of Neurology, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Hubsch
- Department of Neurology, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Ana Marques
- Department of Neurology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Cédric Lamirel
- Clinical Research Unit, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, Sorbonne University, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and UMR S 1127, Paris Brain Institute, Paris, France
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9
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Zito GA, Tarrano C, Jegatheesan P, Ekmen A, Béranger B, Rebsamen M, Hubsch C, Sangla S, Bonnet C, Delorme C, Méneret A, Degos B, Bouquet F, Brissard MA, Vidailhet M, Gallea C, Roze E, Worbe Y. Somatotopy of cervical dystonia in motor-cerebellar networks: Evidence from resting state fMRI. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 94:30-36. [PMID: 34875561 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cervical dystonia is the most frequent form of isolated focal dystonia. It is often associated with a dysfunction in brain networks, mostly affecting the basal ganglia, the cerebellum, and the somatosensory cortex. However, it is unclear if such a dysfunction is somato-specific to the brain areas containing the representation of the affected body part, and may thereby account for the focal expression of cervical dystonia. In this study, we investigated resting state functional connectivity in the areas within the motor cortex and the cerebellum containing affected and non-affected body representations in cervical dystonia patients. METHODS Eighteen patients affected by cervical dystonia and 21 healthy controls had resting state fMRI. The functional connectivity between the motor cortex and the cerebellum, as well as their corresponding measures of gray matter volume and cortical thickness, were compared between groups. We performed seed-based analyses, selecting the different body representation areas in the precentral gyrus as seed regions, and all cerebellar areas as target regions. RESULTS Compared to controls, patients exhibited increased functional connectivity between the bilateral trunk representation area of the motor cortex and the cerebellar vermis 6 and 7b, respectively. These functional abnormalities did not correlate with structural changes or symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the abnormal function of the motor network is somato-specific to the areas encompassing the neck representation. Functional abnormalities in discrete relevant areas of the motor network could thus contribute to the focal expression of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe A Zito
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UM75, Paris Brain Institute, Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Clément Tarrano
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UM75, Paris Brain Institute, Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France; Department of Neurology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Prasanthi Jegatheesan
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UM75, Paris Brain Institute, Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Asya Ekmen
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UM75, Paris Brain Institute, Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Benoît Béranger
- Center for NeuroImaging Research CENIR, Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Michael Rebsamen
- Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging SCAN, University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010, Bern, CH, Switzerland.
| | - Cécile Hubsch
- Department of Neurology, Rothschild Foundation, 25-29 Rue Manin, 75019, Paris, France.
| | - Sophie Sangla
- Department of Neurology, Rothschild Foundation, 25-29 Rue Manin, 75019, Paris, France.
| | - Cécilia Bonnet
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UM75, Paris Brain Institute, Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Cécile Delorme
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UM75, Paris Brain Institute, Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France; Department of Neurology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Aurélie Méneret
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UM75, Paris Brain Institute, Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France; Department of Neurology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Bertrand Degos
- Neurology Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Avicenne University Hospital, Sorbonne Paris Nord, 125 Rue de Stalingrad, 93000, Bobigny, France; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Inserm U1050, CNRS UMR 7241, PSL University, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231, Paris, France.
| | - Floriane Bouquet
- Department of Neurology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Marion Apoil Brissard
- Department of Neurology, University of Caen Normandie Hospital Center, Av. de la Côte de Nacre, 14000, Caen, France.
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UM75, Paris Brain Institute, Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France; Department of Neurology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Cécile Gallea
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UM75, Paris Brain Institute, Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UM75, Paris Brain Institute, Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France; Department of Neurology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Yulia Worbe
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UM75, Paris Brain Institute, Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France; Department of Neurophysiology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 184 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012, Paris, France.
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10
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Besse-Pinot E, Pereira B, Durif F, Fantini ML, Durand E, Debilly B, Derost P, Moreau C, Hainque E, Rouaud T, Eusebio A, Benatru I, Drapier S, Guehl D, Rascol O, Maltête D, Lagha-Boukbiza O, Giordana C, Tir M, Thobois S, Hopes L, Hubsch C, Jarraya B, Rolland AS, Corvol JC, Devos D, Marques A. Preoperative REM Sleep Behavior Disorder and Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation Outcome in Parkinson Disease 1 Year After Surgery. Neurology 2021; 97:e1994-e2006. [PMID: 34667082 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To determine whether patients with Parkinson disease (PD) eligible for subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) with probable REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) preoperatively could be more at risk of poorer motor, nonmotor, and quality of life outcomes 12 months after surgery compared to those without RBD. METHODS We analyzed the preoperative clinical profile of 448 patients with PD from a French multicentric prospective study (PREDISTIM) according to the presence or absence of probable RBD based on the RBD Single Question and RBD Screening Questionnaire. Among the 215 patients with PD with 12 months of follow-up after STN-DBS, we compared motor, cognitive, psycho-behavioral profile, and quality of life outcomes in patients with (pre-opRBD+) or without (pre-opRBD-) probable RBD preoperatively. RESULTS At preoperative evaluation, pre-opRBD+ patients were older (61 ± 7.2 vs 59.5 ± 7.7 years; p = 0.02), had less motor impairment (Movement Disorder Society-sponsored version of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale [MDS-UPDRS] III "off": 38.7 ± 16.2 vs 43.4 ± 7.1; p = 0.03) but more nonmotor symptoms on daily living activities (MDS-UPDRS I: 12.6 ± 5.5 vs 10.7 ± 5.3; p < 0.001), had more psychobehavioral manifestations (Ardouin Scale of Behavior in Parkinson's Disease total: 7.7 ± 5.1 vs 5.1 ± 0.4; p = 0.003), and had worse quality of life (Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39: 33 ± 12 vs 29 ± 12; p = 0.03), as compared to pre-opRBD- patients. Both pre-opRBD+ and pre-opRBD- patients had significant MDS-UPDRS IV score decrease (-37% and -33%, respectively), MDS-UPDRS III "med 'off'/stim 'on'" score decrease (-52% and -54%), and dopaminergic treatment decrease (-52% and -49%) after surgery, with no between-group difference. There was no between-group difference for cognitive and global quality of life outcomes. CONCLUSIONS In patients with PD eligible for STN-DBS, the presence of probable RBD preoperatively is not associated with a different clinical outcome 1 year after neurosurgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION NCT02360683. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class II evidence that in patients with PD eligible for STN-DBS, the presence of probable RBD preoperatively is not associated with poorer outcomes 1 year post surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Besse-Pinot
- From the Neurology Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, EA7280 (E.B.-P., F.D., M.L.F., E.D., B.D., P.D., A.M.), and Biostatistics Department (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Neurology and Movement Disorders, Referent Center of Parkinson's Disease, INSERM UMRS_1171, Licend, CHU of Lille (C.M.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, INSERM, UMR-S1172 (A.-S.R., D.D.), University of Lille, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology, Paris Brain Institute (ICM) (E.H., J.-C.C.), Institut Du Cerveau, INSERM CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (T.R.), Nantes University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital and Institut de Neurosciences de La Timone, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (I.B.), University Poitiers, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (S.D.), University Hospital of Rennes, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson (D.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Parkinson Expert Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neuroscience (O.R.), Clinical Investigation Center CIC1436, NeuroToul COEN Center, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse 3, INSERM, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (D.M.), INSERM U1239, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Department of Neurology (O.L.-B.), Strasbourg University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.G.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.T.), Expert Centre for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, Amiens University Hospital, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Amiens; Department of Neurology C (S.T.), Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (L.H.), University Hospital of Nancy, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.H.), Hospital Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; and Neuroscience Pole (B.J.), Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay (UVSQ), INSERM-CEA NeuroSpin, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- From the Neurology Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, EA7280 (E.B.-P., F.D., M.L.F., E.D., B.D., P.D., A.M.), and Biostatistics Department (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Neurology and Movement Disorders, Referent Center of Parkinson's Disease, INSERM UMRS_1171, Licend, CHU of Lille (C.M.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, INSERM, UMR-S1172 (A.-S.R., D.D.), University of Lille, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology, Paris Brain Institute (ICM) (E.H., J.-C.C.), Institut Du Cerveau, INSERM CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (T.R.), Nantes University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital and Institut de Neurosciences de La Timone, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (I.B.), University Poitiers, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (S.D.), University Hospital of Rennes, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson (D.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Parkinson Expert Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neuroscience (O.R.), Clinical Investigation Center CIC1436, NeuroToul COEN Center, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse 3, INSERM, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (D.M.), INSERM U1239, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Department of Neurology (O.L.-B.), Strasbourg University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.G.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.T.), Expert Centre for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, Amiens University Hospital, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Amiens; Department of Neurology C (S.T.), Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (L.H.), University Hospital of Nancy, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.H.), Hospital Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; and Neuroscience Pole (B.J.), Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay (UVSQ), INSERM-CEA NeuroSpin, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network, Paris, France
| | - Franck Durif
- From the Neurology Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, EA7280 (E.B.-P., F.D., M.L.F., E.D., B.D., P.D., A.M.), and Biostatistics Department (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Neurology and Movement Disorders, Referent Center of Parkinson's Disease, INSERM UMRS_1171, Licend, CHU of Lille (C.M.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, INSERM, UMR-S1172 (A.-S.R., D.D.), University of Lille, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology, Paris Brain Institute (ICM) (E.H., J.-C.C.), Institut Du Cerveau, INSERM CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (T.R.), Nantes University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital and Institut de Neurosciences de La Timone, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (I.B.), University Poitiers, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (S.D.), University Hospital of Rennes, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson (D.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Parkinson Expert Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neuroscience (O.R.), Clinical Investigation Center CIC1436, NeuroToul COEN Center, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse 3, INSERM, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (D.M.), INSERM U1239, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Department of Neurology (O.L.-B.), Strasbourg University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.G.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.T.), Expert Centre for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, Amiens University Hospital, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Amiens; Department of Neurology C (S.T.), Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (L.H.), University Hospital of Nancy, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.H.), Hospital Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; and Neuroscience Pole (B.J.), Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay (UVSQ), INSERM-CEA NeuroSpin, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network, Paris, France
| | - Maria Livia Fantini
- From the Neurology Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, EA7280 (E.B.-P., F.D., M.L.F., E.D., B.D., P.D., A.M.), and Biostatistics Department (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Neurology and Movement Disorders, Referent Center of Parkinson's Disease, INSERM UMRS_1171, Licend, CHU of Lille (C.M.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, INSERM, UMR-S1172 (A.-S.R., D.D.), University of Lille, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology, Paris Brain Institute (ICM) (E.H., J.-C.C.), Institut Du Cerveau, INSERM CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (T.R.), Nantes University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital and Institut de Neurosciences de La Timone, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (I.B.), University Poitiers, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (S.D.), University Hospital of Rennes, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson (D.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Parkinson Expert Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neuroscience (O.R.), Clinical Investigation Center CIC1436, NeuroToul COEN Center, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse 3, INSERM, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (D.M.), INSERM U1239, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Department of Neurology (O.L.-B.), Strasbourg University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.G.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.T.), Expert Centre for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, Amiens University Hospital, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Amiens; Department of Neurology C (S.T.), Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (L.H.), University Hospital of Nancy, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.H.), Hospital Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; and Neuroscience Pole (B.J.), Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay (UVSQ), INSERM-CEA NeuroSpin, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Durand
- From the Neurology Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, EA7280 (E.B.-P., F.D., M.L.F., E.D., B.D., P.D., A.M.), and Biostatistics Department (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Neurology and Movement Disorders, Referent Center of Parkinson's Disease, INSERM UMRS_1171, Licend, CHU of Lille (C.M.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, INSERM, UMR-S1172 (A.-S.R., D.D.), University of Lille, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology, Paris Brain Institute (ICM) (E.H., J.-C.C.), Institut Du Cerveau, INSERM CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (T.R.), Nantes University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital and Institut de Neurosciences de La Timone, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (I.B.), University Poitiers, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (S.D.), University Hospital of Rennes, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson (D.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Parkinson Expert Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neuroscience (O.R.), Clinical Investigation Center CIC1436, NeuroToul COEN Center, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse 3, INSERM, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (D.M.), INSERM U1239, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Department of Neurology (O.L.-B.), Strasbourg University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.G.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.T.), Expert Centre for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, Amiens University Hospital, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Amiens; Department of Neurology C (S.T.), Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (L.H.), University Hospital of Nancy, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.H.), Hospital Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; and Neuroscience Pole (B.J.), Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay (UVSQ), INSERM-CEA NeuroSpin, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network, Paris, France
| | - Bérengère Debilly
- From the Neurology Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, EA7280 (E.B.-P., F.D., M.L.F., E.D., B.D., P.D., A.M.), and Biostatistics Department (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Neurology and Movement Disorders, Referent Center of Parkinson's Disease, INSERM UMRS_1171, Licend, CHU of Lille (C.M.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, INSERM, UMR-S1172 (A.-S.R., D.D.), University of Lille, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology, Paris Brain Institute (ICM) (E.H., J.-C.C.), Institut Du Cerveau, INSERM CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (T.R.), Nantes University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital and Institut de Neurosciences de La Timone, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (I.B.), University Poitiers, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (S.D.), University Hospital of Rennes, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson (D.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Parkinson Expert Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neuroscience (O.R.), Clinical Investigation Center CIC1436, NeuroToul COEN Center, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse 3, INSERM, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (D.M.), INSERM U1239, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Department of Neurology (O.L.-B.), Strasbourg University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.G.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.T.), Expert Centre for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, Amiens University Hospital, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Amiens; Department of Neurology C (S.T.), Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (L.H.), University Hospital of Nancy, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.H.), Hospital Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; and Neuroscience Pole (B.J.), Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay (UVSQ), INSERM-CEA NeuroSpin, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Derost
- From the Neurology Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, EA7280 (E.B.-P., F.D., M.L.F., E.D., B.D., P.D., A.M.), and Biostatistics Department (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Neurology and Movement Disorders, Referent Center of Parkinson's Disease, INSERM UMRS_1171, Licend, CHU of Lille (C.M.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, INSERM, UMR-S1172 (A.-S.R., D.D.), University of Lille, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology, Paris Brain Institute (ICM) (E.H., J.-C.C.), Institut Du Cerveau, INSERM CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (T.R.), Nantes University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital and Institut de Neurosciences de La Timone, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (I.B.), University Poitiers, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (S.D.), University Hospital of Rennes, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson (D.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Parkinson Expert Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neuroscience (O.R.), Clinical Investigation Center CIC1436, NeuroToul COEN Center, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse 3, INSERM, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (D.M.), INSERM U1239, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Department of Neurology (O.L.-B.), Strasbourg University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.G.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.T.), Expert Centre for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, Amiens University Hospital, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Amiens; Department of Neurology C (S.T.), Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (L.H.), University Hospital of Nancy, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.H.), Hospital Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; and Neuroscience Pole (B.J.), Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay (UVSQ), INSERM-CEA NeuroSpin, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Moreau
- From the Neurology Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, EA7280 (E.B.-P., F.D., M.L.F., E.D., B.D., P.D., A.M.), and Biostatistics Department (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Neurology and Movement Disorders, Referent Center of Parkinson's Disease, INSERM UMRS_1171, Licend, CHU of Lille (C.M.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, INSERM, UMR-S1172 (A.-S.R., D.D.), University of Lille, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology, Paris Brain Institute (ICM) (E.H., J.-C.C.), Institut Du Cerveau, INSERM CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (T.R.), Nantes University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital and Institut de Neurosciences de La Timone, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (I.B.), University Poitiers, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (S.D.), University Hospital of Rennes, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson (D.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Parkinson Expert Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neuroscience (O.R.), Clinical Investigation Center CIC1436, NeuroToul COEN Center, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse 3, INSERM, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (D.M.), INSERM U1239, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Department of Neurology (O.L.-B.), Strasbourg University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.G.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.T.), Expert Centre for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, Amiens University Hospital, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Amiens; Department of Neurology C (S.T.), Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (L.H.), University Hospital of Nancy, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.H.), Hospital Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; and Neuroscience Pole (B.J.), Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay (UVSQ), INSERM-CEA NeuroSpin, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Hainque
- From the Neurology Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, EA7280 (E.B.-P., F.D., M.L.F., E.D., B.D., P.D., A.M.), and Biostatistics Department (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Neurology and Movement Disorders, Referent Center of Parkinson's Disease, INSERM UMRS_1171, Licend, CHU of Lille (C.M.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, INSERM, UMR-S1172 (A.-S.R., D.D.), University of Lille, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology, Paris Brain Institute (ICM) (E.H., J.-C.C.), Institut Du Cerveau, INSERM CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (T.R.), Nantes University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital and Institut de Neurosciences de La Timone, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (I.B.), University Poitiers, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (S.D.), University Hospital of Rennes, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson (D.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Parkinson Expert Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neuroscience (O.R.), Clinical Investigation Center CIC1436, NeuroToul COEN Center, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse 3, INSERM, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (D.M.), INSERM U1239, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Department of Neurology (O.L.-B.), Strasbourg University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.G.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.T.), Expert Centre for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, Amiens University Hospital, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Amiens; Department of Neurology C (S.T.), Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (L.H.), University Hospital of Nancy, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.H.), Hospital Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; and Neuroscience Pole (B.J.), Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay (UVSQ), INSERM-CEA NeuroSpin, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network, Paris, France
| | - Tiphaine Rouaud
- From the Neurology Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, EA7280 (E.B.-P., F.D., M.L.F., E.D., B.D., P.D., A.M.), and Biostatistics Department (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Neurology and Movement Disorders, Referent Center of Parkinson's Disease, INSERM UMRS_1171, Licend, CHU of Lille (C.M.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, INSERM, UMR-S1172 (A.-S.R., D.D.), University of Lille, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology, Paris Brain Institute (ICM) (E.H., J.-C.C.), Institut Du Cerveau, INSERM CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (T.R.), Nantes University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital and Institut de Neurosciences de La Timone, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (I.B.), University Poitiers, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (S.D.), University Hospital of Rennes, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson (D.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Parkinson Expert Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neuroscience (O.R.), Clinical Investigation Center CIC1436, NeuroToul COEN Center, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse 3, INSERM, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (D.M.), INSERM U1239, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Department of Neurology (O.L.-B.), Strasbourg University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.G.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.T.), Expert Centre for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, Amiens University Hospital, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Amiens; Department of Neurology C (S.T.), Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (L.H.), University Hospital of Nancy, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.H.), Hospital Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; and Neuroscience Pole (B.J.), Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay (UVSQ), INSERM-CEA NeuroSpin, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Eusebio
- From the Neurology Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, EA7280 (E.B.-P., F.D., M.L.F., E.D., B.D., P.D., A.M.), and Biostatistics Department (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Neurology and Movement Disorders, Referent Center of Parkinson's Disease, INSERM UMRS_1171, Licend, CHU of Lille (C.M.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, INSERM, UMR-S1172 (A.-S.R., D.D.), University of Lille, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology, Paris Brain Institute (ICM) (E.H., J.-C.C.), Institut Du Cerveau, INSERM CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (T.R.), Nantes University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital and Institut de Neurosciences de La Timone, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (I.B.), University Poitiers, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (S.D.), University Hospital of Rennes, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson (D.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Parkinson Expert Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neuroscience (O.R.), Clinical Investigation Center CIC1436, NeuroToul COEN Center, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse 3, INSERM, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (D.M.), INSERM U1239, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Department of Neurology (O.L.-B.), Strasbourg University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.G.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.T.), Expert Centre for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, Amiens University Hospital, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Amiens; Department of Neurology C (S.T.), Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (L.H.), University Hospital of Nancy, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.H.), Hospital Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; and Neuroscience Pole (B.J.), Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay (UVSQ), INSERM-CEA NeuroSpin, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Benatru
- From the Neurology Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, EA7280 (E.B.-P., F.D., M.L.F., E.D., B.D., P.D., A.M.), and Biostatistics Department (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Neurology and Movement Disorders, Referent Center of Parkinson's Disease, INSERM UMRS_1171, Licend, CHU of Lille (C.M.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, INSERM, UMR-S1172 (A.-S.R., D.D.), University of Lille, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology, Paris Brain Institute (ICM) (E.H., J.-C.C.), Institut Du Cerveau, INSERM CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (T.R.), Nantes University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital and Institut de Neurosciences de La Timone, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (I.B.), University Poitiers, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (S.D.), University Hospital of Rennes, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson (D.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Parkinson Expert Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neuroscience (O.R.), Clinical Investigation Center CIC1436, NeuroToul COEN Center, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse 3, INSERM, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (D.M.), INSERM U1239, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Department of Neurology (O.L.-B.), Strasbourg University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.G.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.T.), Expert Centre for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, Amiens University Hospital, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Amiens; Department of Neurology C (S.T.), Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (L.H.), University Hospital of Nancy, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.H.), Hospital Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; and Neuroscience Pole (B.J.), Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay (UVSQ), INSERM-CEA NeuroSpin, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Drapier
- From the Neurology Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, EA7280 (E.B.-P., F.D., M.L.F., E.D., B.D., P.D., A.M.), and Biostatistics Department (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Neurology and Movement Disorders, Referent Center of Parkinson's Disease, INSERM UMRS_1171, Licend, CHU of Lille (C.M.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, INSERM, UMR-S1172 (A.-S.R., D.D.), University of Lille, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology, Paris Brain Institute (ICM) (E.H., J.-C.C.), Institut Du Cerveau, INSERM CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (T.R.), Nantes University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital and Institut de Neurosciences de La Timone, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (I.B.), University Poitiers, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (S.D.), University Hospital of Rennes, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson (D.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Parkinson Expert Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neuroscience (O.R.), Clinical Investigation Center CIC1436, NeuroToul COEN Center, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse 3, INSERM, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (D.M.), INSERM U1239, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Department of Neurology (O.L.-B.), Strasbourg University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.G.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.T.), Expert Centre for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, Amiens University Hospital, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Amiens; Department of Neurology C (S.T.), Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (L.H.), University Hospital of Nancy, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.H.), Hospital Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; and Neuroscience Pole (B.J.), Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay (UVSQ), INSERM-CEA NeuroSpin, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Guehl
- From the Neurology Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, EA7280 (E.B.-P., F.D., M.L.F., E.D., B.D., P.D., A.M.), and Biostatistics Department (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Neurology and Movement Disorders, Referent Center of Parkinson's Disease, INSERM UMRS_1171, Licend, CHU of Lille (C.M.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, INSERM, UMR-S1172 (A.-S.R., D.D.), University of Lille, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology, Paris Brain Institute (ICM) (E.H., J.-C.C.), Institut Du Cerveau, INSERM CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (T.R.), Nantes University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital and Institut de Neurosciences de La Timone, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (I.B.), University Poitiers, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (S.D.), University Hospital of Rennes, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson (D.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Parkinson Expert Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neuroscience (O.R.), Clinical Investigation Center CIC1436, NeuroToul COEN Center, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse 3, INSERM, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (D.M.), INSERM U1239, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Department of Neurology (O.L.-B.), Strasbourg University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.G.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.T.), Expert Centre for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, Amiens University Hospital, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Amiens; Department of Neurology C (S.T.), Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (L.H.), University Hospital of Nancy, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.H.), Hospital Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; and Neuroscience Pole (B.J.), Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay (UVSQ), INSERM-CEA NeuroSpin, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Rascol
- From the Neurology Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, EA7280 (E.B.-P., F.D., M.L.F., E.D., B.D., P.D., A.M.), and Biostatistics Department (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Neurology and Movement Disorders, Referent Center of Parkinson's Disease, INSERM UMRS_1171, Licend, CHU of Lille (C.M.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, INSERM, UMR-S1172 (A.-S.R., D.D.), University of Lille, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology, Paris Brain Institute (ICM) (E.H., J.-C.C.), Institut Du Cerveau, INSERM CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (T.R.), Nantes University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital and Institut de Neurosciences de La Timone, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (I.B.), University Poitiers, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (S.D.), University Hospital of Rennes, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson (D.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Parkinson Expert Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neuroscience (O.R.), Clinical Investigation Center CIC1436, NeuroToul COEN Center, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse 3, INSERM, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (D.M.), INSERM U1239, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Department of Neurology (O.L.-B.), Strasbourg University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.G.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.T.), Expert Centre for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, Amiens University Hospital, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Amiens; Department of Neurology C (S.T.), Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (L.H.), University Hospital of Nancy, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.H.), Hospital Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; and Neuroscience Pole (B.J.), Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay (UVSQ), INSERM-CEA NeuroSpin, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network, Paris, France
| | - David Maltête
- From the Neurology Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, EA7280 (E.B.-P., F.D., M.L.F., E.D., B.D., P.D., A.M.), and Biostatistics Department (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Neurology and Movement Disorders, Referent Center of Parkinson's Disease, INSERM UMRS_1171, Licend, CHU of Lille (C.M.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, INSERM, UMR-S1172 (A.-S.R., D.D.), University of Lille, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology, Paris Brain Institute (ICM) (E.H., J.-C.C.), Institut Du Cerveau, INSERM CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (T.R.), Nantes University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital and Institut de Neurosciences de La Timone, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (I.B.), University Poitiers, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (S.D.), University Hospital of Rennes, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson (D.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Parkinson Expert Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neuroscience (O.R.), Clinical Investigation Center CIC1436, NeuroToul COEN Center, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse 3, INSERM, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (D.M.), INSERM U1239, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Department of Neurology (O.L.-B.), Strasbourg University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.G.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.T.), Expert Centre for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, Amiens University Hospital, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Amiens; Department of Neurology C (S.T.), Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (L.H.), University Hospital of Nancy, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.H.), Hospital Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; and Neuroscience Pole (B.J.), Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay (UVSQ), INSERM-CEA NeuroSpin, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network, Paris, France
| | - Ouhaïd Lagha-Boukbiza
- From the Neurology Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, EA7280 (E.B.-P., F.D., M.L.F., E.D., B.D., P.D., A.M.), and Biostatistics Department (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Neurology and Movement Disorders, Referent Center of Parkinson's Disease, INSERM UMRS_1171, Licend, CHU of Lille (C.M.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, INSERM, UMR-S1172 (A.-S.R., D.D.), University of Lille, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology, Paris Brain Institute (ICM) (E.H., J.-C.C.), Institut Du Cerveau, INSERM CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (T.R.), Nantes University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital and Institut de Neurosciences de La Timone, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (I.B.), University Poitiers, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (S.D.), University Hospital of Rennes, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson (D.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Parkinson Expert Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neuroscience (O.R.), Clinical Investigation Center CIC1436, NeuroToul COEN Center, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse 3, INSERM, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (D.M.), INSERM U1239, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Department of Neurology (O.L.-B.), Strasbourg University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.G.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.T.), Expert Centre for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, Amiens University Hospital, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Amiens; Department of Neurology C (S.T.), Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (L.H.), University Hospital of Nancy, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.H.), Hospital Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; and Neuroscience Pole (B.J.), Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay (UVSQ), INSERM-CEA NeuroSpin, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Giordana
- From the Neurology Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, EA7280 (E.B.-P., F.D., M.L.F., E.D., B.D., P.D., A.M.), and Biostatistics Department (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Neurology and Movement Disorders, Referent Center of Parkinson's Disease, INSERM UMRS_1171, Licend, CHU of Lille (C.M.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, INSERM, UMR-S1172 (A.-S.R., D.D.), University of Lille, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology, Paris Brain Institute (ICM) (E.H., J.-C.C.), Institut Du Cerveau, INSERM CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (T.R.), Nantes University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital and Institut de Neurosciences de La Timone, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (I.B.), University Poitiers, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (S.D.), University Hospital of Rennes, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson (D.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Parkinson Expert Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neuroscience (O.R.), Clinical Investigation Center CIC1436, NeuroToul COEN Center, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse 3, INSERM, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (D.M.), INSERM U1239, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Department of Neurology (O.L.-B.), Strasbourg University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.G.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.T.), Expert Centre for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, Amiens University Hospital, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Amiens; Department of Neurology C (S.T.), Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (L.H.), University Hospital of Nancy, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.H.), Hospital Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; and Neuroscience Pole (B.J.), Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay (UVSQ), INSERM-CEA NeuroSpin, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network, Paris, France
| | - Melissa Tir
- From the Neurology Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, EA7280 (E.B.-P., F.D., M.L.F., E.D., B.D., P.D., A.M.), and Biostatistics Department (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Neurology and Movement Disorders, Referent Center of Parkinson's Disease, INSERM UMRS_1171, Licend, CHU of Lille (C.M.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, INSERM, UMR-S1172 (A.-S.R., D.D.), University of Lille, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology, Paris Brain Institute (ICM) (E.H., J.-C.C.), Institut Du Cerveau, INSERM CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (T.R.), Nantes University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital and Institut de Neurosciences de La Timone, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (I.B.), University Poitiers, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (S.D.), University Hospital of Rennes, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson (D.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Parkinson Expert Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neuroscience (O.R.), Clinical Investigation Center CIC1436, NeuroToul COEN Center, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse 3, INSERM, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (D.M.), INSERM U1239, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Department of Neurology (O.L.-B.), Strasbourg University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.G.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.T.), Expert Centre for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, Amiens University Hospital, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Amiens; Department of Neurology C (S.T.), Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (L.H.), University Hospital of Nancy, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.H.), Hospital Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; and Neuroscience Pole (B.J.), Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay (UVSQ), INSERM-CEA NeuroSpin, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Thobois
- From the Neurology Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, EA7280 (E.B.-P., F.D., M.L.F., E.D., B.D., P.D., A.M.), and Biostatistics Department (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Neurology and Movement Disorders, Referent Center of Parkinson's Disease, INSERM UMRS_1171, Licend, CHU of Lille (C.M.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, INSERM, UMR-S1172 (A.-S.R., D.D.), University of Lille, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology, Paris Brain Institute (ICM) (E.H., J.-C.C.), Institut Du Cerveau, INSERM CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (T.R.), Nantes University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital and Institut de Neurosciences de La Timone, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (I.B.), University Poitiers, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (S.D.), University Hospital of Rennes, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson (D.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Parkinson Expert Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neuroscience (O.R.), Clinical Investigation Center CIC1436, NeuroToul COEN Center, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse 3, INSERM, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (D.M.), INSERM U1239, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Department of Neurology (O.L.-B.), Strasbourg University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.G.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.T.), Expert Centre for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, Amiens University Hospital, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Amiens; Department of Neurology C (S.T.), Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (L.H.), University Hospital of Nancy, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.H.), Hospital Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; and Neuroscience Pole (B.J.), Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay (UVSQ), INSERM-CEA NeuroSpin, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Hopes
- From the Neurology Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, EA7280 (E.B.-P., F.D., M.L.F., E.D., B.D., P.D., A.M.), and Biostatistics Department (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Neurology and Movement Disorders, Referent Center of Parkinson's Disease, INSERM UMRS_1171, Licend, CHU of Lille (C.M.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, INSERM, UMR-S1172 (A.-S.R., D.D.), University of Lille, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology, Paris Brain Institute (ICM) (E.H., J.-C.C.), Institut Du Cerveau, INSERM CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (T.R.), Nantes University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital and Institut de Neurosciences de La Timone, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (I.B.), University Poitiers, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (S.D.), University Hospital of Rennes, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson (D.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Parkinson Expert Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neuroscience (O.R.), Clinical Investigation Center CIC1436, NeuroToul COEN Center, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse 3, INSERM, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (D.M.), INSERM U1239, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Department of Neurology (O.L.-B.), Strasbourg University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.G.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.T.), Expert Centre for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, Amiens University Hospital, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Amiens; Department of Neurology C (S.T.), Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (L.H.), University Hospital of Nancy, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.H.), Hospital Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; and Neuroscience Pole (B.J.), Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay (UVSQ), INSERM-CEA NeuroSpin, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Hubsch
- From the Neurology Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, EA7280 (E.B.-P., F.D., M.L.F., E.D., B.D., P.D., A.M.), and Biostatistics Department (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Neurology and Movement Disorders, Referent Center of Parkinson's Disease, INSERM UMRS_1171, Licend, CHU of Lille (C.M.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, INSERM, UMR-S1172 (A.-S.R., D.D.), University of Lille, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology, Paris Brain Institute (ICM) (E.H., J.-C.C.), Institut Du Cerveau, INSERM CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (T.R.), Nantes University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital and Institut de Neurosciences de La Timone, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (I.B.), University Poitiers, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (S.D.), University Hospital of Rennes, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson (D.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Parkinson Expert Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neuroscience (O.R.), Clinical Investigation Center CIC1436, NeuroToul COEN Center, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse 3, INSERM, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (D.M.), INSERM U1239, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Department of Neurology (O.L.-B.), Strasbourg University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.G.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.T.), Expert Centre for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, Amiens University Hospital, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Amiens; Department of Neurology C (S.T.), Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (L.H.), University Hospital of Nancy, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.H.), Hospital Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; and Neuroscience Pole (B.J.), Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay (UVSQ), INSERM-CEA NeuroSpin, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network, Paris, France
| | - Béchir Jarraya
- From the Neurology Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, EA7280 (E.B.-P., F.D., M.L.F., E.D., B.D., P.D., A.M.), and Biostatistics Department (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Neurology and Movement Disorders, Referent Center of Parkinson's Disease, INSERM UMRS_1171, Licend, CHU of Lille (C.M.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, INSERM, UMR-S1172 (A.-S.R., D.D.), University of Lille, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology, Paris Brain Institute (ICM) (E.H., J.-C.C.), Institut Du Cerveau, INSERM CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (T.R.), Nantes University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital and Institut de Neurosciences de La Timone, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (I.B.), University Poitiers, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (S.D.), University Hospital of Rennes, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson (D.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Parkinson Expert Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neuroscience (O.R.), Clinical Investigation Center CIC1436, NeuroToul COEN Center, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse 3, INSERM, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (D.M.), INSERM U1239, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Department of Neurology (O.L.-B.), Strasbourg University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.G.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.T.), Expert Centre for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, Amiens University Hospital, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Amiens; Department of Neurology C (S.T.), Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (L.H.), University Hospital of Nancy, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.H.), Hospital Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; and Neuroscience Pole (B.J.), Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay (UVSQ), INSERM-CEA NeuroSpin, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Rolland
- From the Neurology Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, EA7280 (E.B.-P., F.D., M.L.F., E.D., B.D., P.D., A.M.), and Biostatistics Department (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Neurology and Movement Disorders, Referent Center of Parkinson's Disease, INSERM UMRS_1171, Licend, CHU of Lille (C.M.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, INSERM, UMR-S1172 (A.-S.R., D.D.), University of Lille, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology, Paris Brain Institute (ICM) (E.H., J.-C.C.), Institut Du Cerveau, INSERM CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (T.R.), Nantes University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital and Institut de Neurosciences de La Timone, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (I.B.), University Poitiers, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (S.D.), University Hospital of Rennes, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson (D.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Parkinson Expert Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neuroscience (O.R.), Clinical Investigation Center CIC1436, NeuroToul COEN Center, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse 3, INSERM, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (D.M.), INSERM U1239, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Department of Neurology (O.L.-B.), Strasbourg University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.G.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.T.), Expert Centre for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, Amiens University Hospital, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Amiens; Department of Neurology C (S.T.), Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (L.H.), University Hospital of Nancy, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.H.), Hospital Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; and Neuroscience Pole (B.J.), Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay (UVSQ), INSERM-CEA NeuroSpin, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- From the Neurology Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, EA7280 (E.B.-P., F.D., M.L.F., E.D., B.D., P.D., A.M.), and Biostatistics Department (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Neurology and Movement Disorders, Referent Center of Parkinson's Disease, INSERM UMRS_1171, Licend, CHU of Lille (C.M.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, INSERM, UMR-S1172 (A.-S.R., D.D.), University of Lille, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology, Paris Brain Institute (ICM) (E.H., J.-C.C.), Institut Du Cerveau, INSERM CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (T.R.), Nantes University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital and Institut de Neurosciences de La Timone, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (I.B.), University Poitiers, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (S.D.), University Hospital of Rennes, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson (D.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Parkinson Expert Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neuroscience (O.R.), Clinical Investigation Center CIC1436, NeuroToul COEN Center, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse 3, INSERM, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (D.M.), INSERM U1239, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Department of Neurology (O.L.-B.), Strasbourg University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.G.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.T.), Expert Centre for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, Amiens University Hospital, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Amiens; Department of Neurology C (S.T.), Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (L.H.), University Hospital of Nancy, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.H.), Hospital Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; and Neuroscience Pole (B.J.), Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay (UVSQ), INSERM-CEA NeuroSpin, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network, Paris, France
| | - David Devos
- From the Neurology Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, EA7280 (E.B.-P., F.D., M.L.F., E.D., B.D., P.D., A.M.), and Biostatistics Department (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Neurology and Movement Disorders, Referent Center of Parkinson's Disease, INSERM UMRS_1171, Licend, CHU of Lille (C.M.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, INSERM, UMR-S1172 (A.-S.R., D.D.), University of Lille, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology, Paris Brain Institute (ICM) (E.H., J.-C.C.), Institut Du Cerveau, INSERM CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (T.R.), Nantes University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital and Institut de Neurosciences de La Timone, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (I.B.), University Poitiers, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (S.D.), University Hospital of Rennes, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson (D.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Parkinson Expert Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neuroscience (O.R.), Clinical Investigation Center CIC1436, NeuroToul COEN Center, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse 3, INSERM, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (D.M.), INSERM U1239, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Department of Neurology (O.L.-B.), Strasbourg University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.G.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.T.), Expert Centre for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, Amiens University Hospital, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Amiens; Department of Neurology C (S.T.), Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (L.H.), University Hospital of Nancy, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.H.), Hospital Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; and Neuroscience Pole (B.J.), Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay (UVSQ), INSERM-CEA NeuroSpin, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network, Paris, France
| | - Ana Marques
- From the Neurology Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, EA7280 (E.B.-P., F.D., M.L.F., E.D., B.D., P.D., A.M.), and Biostatistics Department (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Neurology and Movement Disorders, Referent Center of Parkinson's Disease, INSERM UMRS_1171, Licend, CHU of Lille (C.M.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, INSERM, UMR-S1172 (A.-S.R., D.D.), University of Lille, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology, Paris Brain Institute (ICM) (E.H., J.-C.C.), Institut Du Cerveau, INSERM CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (T.R.), Nantes University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital and Institut de Neurosciences de La Timone, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (I.B.), University Poitiers, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (S.D.), University Hospital of Rennes, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson (D.G.), CHU de Bordeaux, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Parkinson Expert Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neuroscience (O.R.), Clinical Investigation Center CIC1436, NeuroToul COEN Center, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse 3, INSERM, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (D.M.), INSERM U1239, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Department of Neurology (O.L.-B.), Strasbourg University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.G.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.T.), Expert Centre for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, Amiens University Hospital, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, NS-Park/F-CRIN Network, Amiens; Department of Neurology C (S.T.), Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (L.H.), University Hospital of Nancy, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; Department of Neurology (C.H.), Hospital Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network; and Neuroscience Pole (B.J.), Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay (UVSQ), INSERM-CEA NeuroSpin, NS-PARK/F-CRIN Network, Paris, France.
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Vrillon A, Hubsch C, Bertrand A, Decq P, Catala M. A case of extreme hydrocephalus in a 67-year-old man whose professional and social lives were normal. Neurochirurgie 2021; 68:349-351. [PMID: 34339770 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Vrillon
- Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - C Hubsch
- Department of Neurology, Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris, France
| | - A Bertrand
- Department of Neuroradiology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - P Decq
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France
| | - M Catala
- Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; CNRS UMR7622 Sorbonne Université, Inserm ERL U1156, Paris, France.
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12
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Kim CY, Wirth T, Hubsch C, Németh AH, Okur V, Anheim M, Drouot N, Tranchant C, Rudolf G, Chelly J, Tatton-Brown K, Blauwendraat C, Vonsattel JPG, Cortes E, Alcalay RN, Chung WK. Reply to "PPP2R5D Genetic Mutations and Early Onset Parkinsonism". Ann Neurol 2020; 89:195-196. [PMID: 33098324 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Y Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Thomas Wirth
- Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospital, London, UK.,Neurology Department, Strasbourg University Hospitals, Strasbourg, France.,Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Cécile Hubsch
- A. de Rothschild Ophthalmological Foundation, Paris, France
| | - Andrea H Németh
- Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Trust and University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Volkan Okur
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mathieu Anheim
- Neurology Department, Strasbourg University Hospitals, Strasbourg, France.,Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.,Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathalie Drouot
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Christine Tranchant
- Neurology Department, Strasbourg University Hospitals, Strasbourg, France.,Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.,Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gabrielle Rudolf
- Neurology Department, Strasbourg University Hospitals, Strasbourg, France.,Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.,Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jamel Chelly
- Neurology Department, Strasbourg University Hospitals, Strasbourg, France.,Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.,Genetic Diagnostic Laboratory, Strasbourg University Hospitals, Strasbourg, France
| | - Katrina Tatton-Brown
- St George's University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jean Paul G Vonsattel
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Etty Cortes
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Santin MDN, Voulleminot P, Vrillon A, Hainque E, Béreau M, Lagha‐Boukbiza O, Wirth T, Montaut S, Bardinet E, Kyheng M, Rolland A, Voirin J, Drapier S, Durif F, Eusebio A, Giordana C, Auzou N, Houeto J, Hubsch C, Jarraya B, Laurencin C, Maltete D, Meyer M, Rascol O, Rouaud T, Tir M, Moreau C, Corvol J, Proust F, Grabli D, Devos D, Tranchant C, Anheim M. Impact of Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation on Impulse Control Disorders in Parkinson's Disease: A Prospective Study. Mov Disord 2020; 36:750-757. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.28320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Voulleminot
- Department of Neurology NS‐PARK/F‐CRIN, Strasbourg University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Médecine de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Agathe Vrillon
- Department of Neurology NS‐PARK/F‐CRIN, Assistance Publique ‐ Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Pitié‐Salpêtrière Hospital Paris France
| | - Elodie Hainque
- Department of Neurology NS‐PARK/F‐CRIN, Assistance Publique ‐ Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Pitié‐Salpêtrière Hospital Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités, Assistance Publique ‐ Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle (ICM) Paris France
| | - Matthieu Béreau
- Department of Neurology NS‐PARK/F‐CRIN, University Hospital of Besançon Besançon France
| | - Ouhaid Lagha‐Boukbiza
- Department of Neurology NS‐PARK/F‐CRIN, Strasbourg University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Médecine de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Thomas Wirth
- Department of Neurology NS‐PARK/F‐CRIN, Strasbourg University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Médecine de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Solveig Montaut
- Department of Neurology NS‐PARK/F‐CRIN, Strasbourg University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Médecine de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Eric Bardinet
- Department of Neurology NS‐PARK/F‐CRIN, University Hospital of Besançon Besançon France
- Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle (ICM) Paris France
| | - Maeva Kyheng
- Department of Clinical Research Lille University Hospital Lille France
| | - Anne‐Sophie Rolland
- Department of Medical Pharmacology University Hospital, NS‐PARK/F‐CRIN, University of Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Inserm, UMR‐S1172 Lille France
| | - Jimmy Voirin
- Department of Neurosurgery, NS‐PARK/F‐CRIN Strasbourg University Hospital Strasbourg France
| | - Sophie Drapier
- Department of Neurology NS‐PARK/F‐CRIN, University Hospital of Rennes Rennes France
| | - Franck Durif
- Department of Neurology NS‐PARK/F‐CRIN, CHU Clermont‐Ferrand Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Alexandre Eusebio
- Department of Neurology NS‐PARK/F‐CRIN, Assistance Publique ‐ Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Timone University Hospital and Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone Marseille France
| | - Caroline Giordana
- Department of Neurology NS‐PARK/F‐CRIN, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice Nice France
| | - Nicolas Auzou
- Institute of Neurodegenerative Disorders NS‐PARK/F‐CRIN, University Hospital of Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | - Jean‐Luc Houeto
- Department of Neurology NS‐PARK/F‐CRIN, University Hospital of Poitiers Poitiers France
| | - Cécile Hubsch
- Department of Neurology NS‐PARK/F‐CRIN, Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild Paris France
| | - Béchir Jarraya
- Neuroscience Pole NS‐PARK/F‐CRIN, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, University of Versailles Paris‐Saclay, INSERM‐CEA NeuroSpin Saclay France
| | - Chloé Laurencin
- Department of Neurology NS‐PARK/F‐CRIN, University Hospital of Lyon Lyon France
| | - David Maltete
- Department of Neurology NS‐PARK/F‐CRIN, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen, France; INSERM U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication Mont‐Saint‐Aignan France
| | - Mylène Meyer
- Department of Neurology NS‐PARK/F‐CRIN, University Hospital of Nancy Nancy France
| | - Olivier Rascol
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neuroscience NS‐Park/F‐CRIN, Toulouse University Hospital Toulouse France
| | - Tiphaine Rouaud
- Department of Neurology NS‐PARK/F‐CRIN, Nantes University Hospital Nantes France
| | - Mélissa Tir
- Department of Neurology NS‐PARK/FCRIN, Amiens University Hospital Amiens France
| | - Caroline Moreau
- Department of Neurology University Hospital, NS‐PARK/F‐CRIN, University of Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, INSERM, UMR‐S1172 Lille France
| | - Jean‐Christophe Corvol
- Department of Neurology NS‐PARK/F‐CRIN, Assistance Publique ‐ Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Pitié‐Salpêtrière Hospital Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités, Assistance Publique ‐ Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle (ICM) Paris France
| | - François Proust
- Department of Neurosurgery, NS‐PARK/F‐CRIN Strasbourg University Hospital Strasbourg France
| | - David Grabli
- Department of Neurology NS‐PARK/F‐CRIN, Assistance Publique ‐ Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Pitié‐Salpêtrière Hospital Paris France
| | - David Devos
- Department of Medical Pharmacology University Hospital, NS‐PARK/F‐CRIN, University of Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Inserm, UMR‐S1172 Lille France
- Department of Neurology University Hospital, NS‐PARK/F‐CRIN, University of Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, INSERM, UMR‐S1172 Lille France
| | - Christine Tranchant
- Department of Neurology NS‐PARK/F‐CRIN, Strasbourg University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Médecine de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Mathieu Anheim
- Department of Neurology NS‐PARK/F‐CRIN, Strasbourg University Hospital, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Médecine de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
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14
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Kim CY, Wirth T, Hubsch C, Németh AH, Okur V, Anheim M, Drouot N, Tranchant C, Rudolf G, Chelly J, Tatton-Brown K, Blauwendraat C, Vonsattel JPG, Cortes E, Alcalay RN, Chung WK. Early-Onset Parkinsonism Is a Manifestation of the PPP2R5D p.E200K Mutation. Ann Neurol 2020; 88:1028-1033. [PMID: 32743835 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PPP2R5D-related neurodevelopmental disorder is characterized by a range of neurodevelopmental and behavioral manifestations. We report the association of early-onset parkinsonism with the PPP2R5D p.E200K mutation. Clinical characterization and exome sequencing were performed on three patients, with postmortem neuropathologic examination for one patient. All patients had mild developmental delay and developed levodopa-responsive parkinsonism between the ages of 25 and 40 years. The PPP2R5D c.598G>A (p.E200K) mutation was identified in all patients. Neuropathologic examination demonstrated uneven, focally severe neuronal loss and gliosis in the substantia nigra pars compacta, without Lewy bodies. Our findings suggest the PPP2R5D p.E200K mutation to be a possible new cause of early-onset parkinsonism. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:1028-1033.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Y Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Thomas Wirth
- Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospital, London, UK.,Service de Neurologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Cécile Hubsch
- Fondation Ophtalmologique A. de Rothschild, Paris, France
| | - Andrea H Németh
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Volkan Okur
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mathieu Anheim
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathalie Drouot
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Christine Tranchant
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gabrielle Rudolf
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jamel Chelly
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.,Laboratoire de diagnostic génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jean Paul G Vonsattel
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Etty Cortes
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Welniarz Q, Gallea C, Lamy JC, Méneret A, Popa T, Valabregue R, Béranger B, Brochard V, Flamand-Roze C, Trouillard O, Bonnet C, Brüggemann N, Bitoun P, Degos B, Hubsch C, Hainque E, Golmard JL, Vidailhet M, Lehéricy S, Dusart I, Meunier S, Roze E. The supplementary motor area modulates interhemispheric interactions during movement preparation. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:2125-2142. [PMID: 30653778 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The execution of coordinated hand movements requires complex interactions between premotor and primary motor areas in the two hemispheres. The supplementary motor area (SMA) is involved in movement preparation and bimanual coordination. How the SMA controls bimanual coordination remains unclear, although there is evidence suggesting that the SMA could modulate interhemispheric interactions. With a delayed-response task, we investigated interhemispheric interactions underlying normal movement preparation and the role of the SMA in these interactions during the delay period of unimanual or bimanual hand movements. We used functional MRI and transcranial magnetic stimulation in 22 healthy volunteers (HVs), and then in two models of SMA dysfunction: (a) in the same group of HVs after transient disruption of the right SMA proper by continuous transcranial magnetic theta-burst stimulation; (b) in a group of 22 patients with congenital mirror movements (CMM), whose inability to produce asymmetric hand movements is associated with SMA dysfunction. In HVs, interhemispheric connectivity during the delay period was modulated according to whether or not hand coordination was required for the forthcoming movement. In HVs following SMA disruption and in CMM patients, interhemispheric connectivity was modified during the delay period and the interhemispheric inhibition was decreased. Using two models of SMA dysfunction, we showed that the SMA modulates interhemispheric interactions during movement preparation. This unveils a new role for the SMA and highlights its importance in coordinated movement preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Welniarz
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Faculté des sciences, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Gallea
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Charles Lamy
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Méneret
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Traian Popa
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Romain Valabregue
- Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche CENIR, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle - ICM, Paris, France
| | - Benoît Béranger
- Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche CENIR, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle - ICM, Paris, France
| | - Vanessa Brochard
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique 14-22, INSERM/AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Constance Flamand-Roze
- IFPPC, Centre CAMKeys, 7 rue des Cordelières, Paris, France.,Service de Neurologie, Unité Cardiovasculaire, Centre Hospitalier Sud-Francilien, Université Paris-Sud, Corbeille-Essonne, France
| | - Oriane Trouillard
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Cécilia Bonnet
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Bertrand Degos
- Département de Neurologie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Hubsch
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Hainque
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Golmard
- Département de biostatistiques, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Lehéricy
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche CENIR, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle - ICM, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Dusart
- Faculté des sciences, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Meunier
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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16
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Gendre T, Carle G, Mesrati F, Hubsch C, Mauras T, Roze E, Houot M, Degos B, Garcin B. Quality of life in functional movement disorders is as altered as in organic movement disorders. J Psychosom Res 2019; 116:10-16. [PMID: 30654984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with functional movement disorders (FMD) often report a disability and psychiatric comorbidities. However, few studies have compared these aspects in FMD and in organic movement disorders (OMD). The objectives were to compare QoL and psychiatric comorbidities of FMD and OMD patients. METHODS Twenty-one and 30 FMD patients were compared to 21 and 30 sex- and age-matched dystonia and Parkinson patients respectively. QoL was assessed using the Parkinson's Disease Summary Index (PDSI). Psychiatric comorbidities were screened with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview questionnaire. RESULTS QoL was more altered in FMD than in dystonia on PDSI (42.1 vs 25.1; p = .003). No significant difference was observed in QoL in FMD and Parkinson's disease on PDSI (38.3 vs 32.2; p = .61). Moreover, FMD patients were more often unemployed because of their condition than dystonia (61.9% vs 14.3%; p = .01) and Parkinson patients (53.3% vs 13.3%; p = .005). The occurrence of anxiety (p = .58 and > 0.99), depression (p = .77 and 0.77), and traumatic events (p = .58 and 0.75) was not different between groups. FMD patients reported more often sexual abuse than dystonia (28,6% vs 4.8%; p = .13) and Parkinson patients (23.3% vs 0.0%; p = .02). CONCLUSION FMD patients presented a significant alteration of QoL and no increased psychiatric comorbidities compared to OMD patients. These results highlight the impact of FMD and suggest that neurologists should be as involved in the management of FMD as they are in OMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Gendre
- Department of Neurology, Henri Mondor University Hospital, AP-HP, Créteil, France; Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.
| | - Guilhem Carle
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Brain and Spine Institute, UPMC UMRS 1127, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Francine Mesrati
- Department of Neurophysiology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Hubsch
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Mauras
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Brain and Spine Institute, UPMC UMRS 1127, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Marion Houot
- Sorbonne University, GRC n°21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Degos
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR7241, Labex Memolife, Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France; Department of Neurology, Avicenne University Hospital, Paris - Seine Saint-Denis University Hospitals, Bobigny, France
| | - Béatrice Garcin
- Brain and Spine Institute, UPMC UMRS 1127, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Department of Neurology, Avicenne University Hospital, Paris - Seine Saint-Denis University Hospitals, Bobigny, France
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17
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Popa T, Hubsch C, James P, Richard A, Russo M, Pradeep S, Krishan S, Roze E, Meunier S, Kishore A. Abnormal cerebellar processing of the neck proprioceptive information drives dysfunctions in cervical dystonia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2263. [PMID: 29396401 PMCID: PMC5797249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20510-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum can influence the responsiveness of the primary motor cortex (M1) to undergo spike timing-dependent plastic changes through a complex mechanism involving multiple relays in the cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathway. Previous TMS studies showed that cerebellar cortex excitation can block the increase in M1 excitability induced by a paired-associative stimulation (PAS), while cerebellar cortex inhibition would enhance it. Since cerebellum is known to be affected in many types of dystonia, this bidirectional modulation was assessed in 22 patients with cervical dystonia and 23 healthy controls. Exactly opposite effects were found in patients: cerebellar inhibition suppressed the effects of PAS, while cerebellar excitation enhanced them. Another experiment comparing healthy subjects maintaining the head straight with subjects maintaining the head turned as the patients found that turning the head is enough to invert the cerebellar modulation of M1 plasticity. A third control experiment in healthy subjects showed that proprioceptive perturbation of the sterno-cleido-mastoid muscle had the same effects as turning the head. We discuss these finding in the light of the recent model of a mesencephalic head integrator. We also suggest that abnormal cerebellar processing of the neck proprioceptive information drives dysfunctions of the integrator in cervical dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Popa
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France.
| | - C Hubsch
- Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - P James
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, India
| | - A Richard
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - M Russo
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - S Pradeep
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, India
| | - S Krishan
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, India
| | - E Roze
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - S Meunier
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - A Kishore
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, India
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Garcin B, Mesrati F, Hubsch C, Mauras T, Iliescu I, Naccache L, Vidailhet M, Roze E, Degos B. Impact of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Functional Movement Disorders: Cortical Modulation or a Behavioral Effect? Front Neurol 2017; 8:338. [PMID: 28769869 PMCID: PMC5515822 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent studies suggest that repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) improves functional movement disorders (FMDs), but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The objective was to determine whether the beneficial action of TMS in patients with FMDs is due to cortical neuromodulation or rather to a cognitive-behavioral effect. Method Consecutive patients with FMDs underwent repeated low-frequency (0.25 Hz) magnetic stimulation over the cortex contralateral to the symptoms or over the spinal roots [root magnetic stimulation (RMS)] homolateral to the symptoms. The patients were randomized into two groups: group 1 received RMS on day 1 and TMS on day 2, while group 2 received the same treatments in reverse order. We blindly assessed the severity of movement disorders before and after each stimulation session. Results We studied 33 patients with FMDs (dystonia, tremor, myoclonus, Parkinsonism, or stereotypies). The median symptom duration was 2.9 years. The magnetic stimulation sessions led to a significant improvement (>50%) in 22 patients (66%). We found no difference between TMS and RMS. Conclusion We suggest that the therapeutic benefit of TMS in patients with FMDs is due more to a cognitive-behavioral effect than to cortical neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Garcin
- Neurology Department, Parkinson's Disease Expert Centre, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Francine Mesrati
- Neurophysiology Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Hubsch
- Neurology Department, Parkinson's Disease Expert Centre, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Mauras
- Neurology Department, Parkinson's Disease Expert Centre, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Psychiatry Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Iulia Iliescu
- Neurophysiology Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Lionel Naccache
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France.,Neurophysiology Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- Neurology Department, Parkinson's Disease Expert Centre, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- Neurology Department, Parkinson's Disease Expert Centre, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Degos
- Neurology Department, Parkinson's Disease Expert Centre, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.,CNRS-UMR 7241/INSERM U1050, CIRB, Collège de France, UPMC, Paris, France
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19
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Amlang CJ, Hubsch C, Rivaud-Pechoux S, Mehdi S, El Helou A, Trotter Y, Durand JB, Pouget P, Vidailhet M. Contributions of visual and motor signals in cervical dystonia. Brain 2016; 140:e4. [PMID: 27993890 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cécile Hubsch
- 2 AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié -Salpêtrière, Department of Neurology, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Rivaud-Pechoux
- 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, UM 75, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Sophien Mehdi
- 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, UM 75, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Amine El Helou
- 4 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Yves Trotter
- 5 Centre de Recherche Cerveau and Cognition - CNRS UMR5549, Toulouse, France.,6 Université de Toulouse-UPS, Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Durand
- 5 Centre de Recherche Cerveau and Cognition - CNRS UMR5549, Toulouse, France.,6 Université de Toulouse-UPS, Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Pouget
- 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, UM 75, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- 2 AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié -Salpêtrière, Department of Neurology, Paris, France.,3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, UM 75, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France
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20
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Hartmann A, Muellner J, Meier N, Hesekamp H, van Meerbeeck P, Habert MO, Kas A, Tanguy ML, Mazmanian M, Oya H, Abuaf N, Gaouar H, Salhi S, Charbonnier-Beaupel F, Fievet MH, Galanaud D, Arguillere S, Roze E, Degos B, Grabli D, Lacomblez L, Hubsch C, Vidailhet M, Bonnet AM, Corvol JC, Schüpbach M. Correction: Bee Venom for the Treatment of Parkinson Disease - A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162937. [PMID: 27606465 PMCID: PMC5015915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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21
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Hartmann A, Müllner J, Meier N, Hesekamp H, van Meerbeeck P, Habert MO, Kas A, Tanguy ML, Mazmanian M, Oya H, Abuaf N, Gaouar H, Salhi S, Charbonnier-Beaupel F, Fievet MH, Galanaud D, Arguillere S, Roze E, Degos B, Grabli D, Lacomblez L, Hubsch C, Vidailhet M, Bonnet AM, Corvol JC, Schüpbach M. Bee Venom for the Treatment of Parkinson Disease - A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158235. [PMID: 27403743 PMCID: PMC4942057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the potential symptomatic and/or disease-modifying effects of monthly bee venom injections compared to placebo in moderatly affected Parkinson disease patients. We conducted a prospective, randomized double-blind study in 40 Parkinson disease patients at Hoehn & Yahr stages 1.5 to 3 who were either assigned to monthly bee venom injections or equivalent volumes of saline (treatment/placebo group: n = 20/20). The primary objective of this study was to assess a potential symptomatic effect of s.c. bee venom injections (100 μg) compared to placebo 11 months after initiation of therapy on United Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) III scores in the « off » condition pre-and post-injection at a 60 minute interval. Secondary objectives included the evolution of UPDRS III scores over the study period and [123I]-FP-CIT scans to evaluate disease progression. Finally, safety was assessed by monitoring specific IgE against bee venom and skin tests when necessary. After an 11 month period of monthly administration, bee venom did not significantly decrease UPDRS III scores in the « off » condition. Also, UPDRS III scores over the study course, and nuclear imaging, did not differ significantly between treatment groups. Four patients were excluded during the trial due to positive skin tests but no systemic allergic reaction was recorded. After an initial increase, specific IgE against bee venom decreased in all patients completing the trial. This study did not evidence any clear symptomatic or disease-modifying effects of monthly bee venom injections over an 11 month period compared to placebo using a standard bee venom allergy desensitization protocol in Parkinson disease patients. However, bee venom administration appeared safe in non-allergic subjects. Thus, we suggest that higher administration frequency and possibly higher individual doses of bee venom may reveal its potency in treating Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hartmann
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), UPMC, INSERM, ICM, Centre d’Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences, CIC-1422, Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Julia Müllner
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), UPMC, INSERM, ICM, Centre d’Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences, CIC-1422, Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Niklaus Meier
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), UPMC, INSERM, ICM, Centre d’Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences, CIC-1422, Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Helke Hesekamp
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), UPMC, INSERM, ICM, Centre d’Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences, CIC-1422, Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Priscilla van Meerbeeck
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), UPMC, INSERM, ICM, Centre d’Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences, CIC-1422, Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Odile Habert
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Kas
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Tanguy
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Unité de Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Merry Mazmanian
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Unité de Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Oya
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Unité de Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Nissen Abuaf
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Service de Dermatologie et d’Allérgie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Hafida Gaouar
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Service de Dermatologie et d’Allérgie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Salhi
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Agence Générale des Equipements et Produits de Santé, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Charbonnier-Beaupel
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Pharmacie, Secteur Essais Cliniques et Dispensation des Médicaments aux Patients Externes, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Fievet
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Pharmacie, Secteur Essais Cliniques et Dispensation des Médicaments aux Patients Externes, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Damien Galanaud
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Service de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Arguillere
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), UPMC, INSERM, ICM, Centre d’Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences, CIC-1422, Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), UPMC, INSERM, ICM, Centre d’Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences, CIC-1422, Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Degos
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), UPMC, INSERM, ICM, Centre d’Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences, CIC-1422, Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - David Grabli
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), UPMC, INSERM, ICM, Centre d’Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences, CIC-1422, Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Lucette Lacomblez
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), UPMC, INSERM, ICM, Centre d’Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences, CIC-1422, Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Hubsch
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), UPMC, INSERM, ICM, Centre d’Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences, CIC-1422, Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), UPMC, INSERM, ICM, Centre d’Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences, CIC-1422, Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Marie Bonnet
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), UPMC, INSERM, ICM, Centre d’Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences, CIC-1422, Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), UPMC, INSERM, ICM, Centre d’Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences, CIC-1422, Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Michael Schüpbach
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), UPMC, INSERM, ICM, Centre d’Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences, CIC-1422, Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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22
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Hainque E, Vidailhet M, Cozic N, Charbonnier-Beaupel F, Thobois S, Tranchant C, Brochard V, Glibert G, Drapier S, Mutez E, Doe De Maindreville A, Lebouvier T, Hubsch C, Degos B, Bonnet C, Grabli D, Legrand AP, Méneret A, Azulay JP, Bissery A, Zahr N, Clot F, Mallet A, Dupont S, Apartis E, Corvol JC, Roze E. A randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover trial of zonisamide in myoclonus-dystonia. Neurology 2016; 86:1729-35. [PMID: 27053715 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of zonisamide in patients with myoclonus-dystonia. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial of zonisamide (300 mg/d) in 24 patients with myoclonus-dystonia. Each treatment period consisted of a 6-week titration phase followed by a 3-week fixed-dose phase. The periods were separated by a 5-week washout period. The co-primary outcomes were action myoclonus severity (section 4 of the Unified Myoclonus Rating Scale [UMRS 4]) and myoclonus-related functional disability (UMRS 5). Secondary outcomes included dystonia severity, assessed with the movement and disability subscales of the Burke-Fahn-Marsden-Dystonia Rating Scale (BFM), the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale (CGI), and safety measures. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for paired data were used to analyze treatment effects. RESULTS Twenty-three patients (11 men, 12 women) were analyzed in the intention-to-treat analysis. Zonisamide significantly improved both action myoclonus (median improvement [95% confidence limits] -5 [-9.25 to -1.44], p = 0.003) and myoclonus-related functional disability (median improvement [95% confidence limits] -2 [-2.58 to -2.46], p = 0.007) compared to placebo. Zonisamide also significantly improved dystonia (BFM movement) compared to placebo (median improvement [95% confidence limits] -3 [-8.46 to 0.03], p = 0.009). No difference was found between zonisamide and placebo with respect to the CGI (median improvement [95% confidence limits] -1 [-1.31 to 0.09], p = 0.1). Zonisamide was well-tolerated. CONCLUSIONS Zonisamide is well-tolerated and effective on the motor symptoms of myoclonus-dystonia. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class I evidence that zonisamide improves myoclonus and related disability in patients with myoclonus-dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Hainque
- From Université de la Sorbonne UPMC Paris 06 UMR S 1127 (E.H., M.V., V.B., C.H., D.G., A. Méneret, S. Dupont, E.A., J.-C.C., E.R.), Inserm U 1127, CIC-1422, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle, Paris; Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux (E.H., M.V., C.H., B.D., C.B., D.G., J.-C.C., E.R.), Département de Biostatistiques, Unité de Recherche Clinique (N.C., A.B., A. Mallet), Pharmacie (F.C.-B.), Département de Pharmacologie (N.Z.), Département de Génétique, UF de Neurogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire (F.C.), and Département d'Epilepsie et de Réhabilitation (S. Dupont), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Unité de Neurophysiologie (E.H., E.A.), Département DéPAS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris; Hospices Civils de Lyon (S.T.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; Université Lyon 1 (S.T.); CNRS (S.T.), Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, Bron; Département de Neurologie (C.T.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU Strasbourg; Fédération de Médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) (C.T.), Strasbourg, France; Département de Neurologie (G.G.), Hôpital Brugmann, Bruxelles, Belgium; Département de Neurologie (S.Drapier), Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes; EA-4712 "Comportement et Noyaux Gris Centraux" (S. Drapier), Université de Rennes 1; Département de Neurologie et Pathologies du Movement (E.M.) and Département de Neurologie (T.L.), CHU de Lille; INSERM UMR-S 1172 (E.M.), Lille; Département de Neurologie (A.D.D.M.), Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims; Centre Memoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) (T.L.), Lille; ESPCI Paris Tech (A.-P.L.), PSL Research University; and Département de Neurologie et Pathologie du Movement (J.-P.A.), Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, INT-CNRS/AMU Aix-Marseille, France
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- From Université de la Sorbonne UPMC Paris 06 UMR S 1127 (E.H., M.V., V.B., C.H., D.G., A. Méneret, S. Dupont, E.A., J.-C.C., E.R.), Inserm U 1127, CIC-1422, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle, Paris; Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux (E.H., M.V., C.H., B.D., C.B., D.G., J.-C.C., E.R.), Département de Biostatistiques, Unité de Recherche Clinique (N.C., A.B., A. Mallet), Pharmacie (F.C.-B.), Département de Pharmacologie (N.Z.), Département de Génétique, UF de Neurogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire (F.C.), and Département d'Epilepsie et de Réhabilitation (S. Dupont), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Unité de Neurophysiologie (E.H., E.A.), Département DéPAS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris; Hospices Civils de Lyon (S.T.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; Université Lyon 1 (S.T.); CNRS (S.T.), Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, Bron; Département de Neurologie (C.T.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU Strasbourg; Fédération de Médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) (C.T.), Strasbourg, France; Département de Neurologie (G.G.), Hôpital Brugmann, Bruxelles, Belgium; Département de Neurologie (S.Drapier), Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes; EA-4712 "Comportement et Noyaux Gris Centraux" (S. Drapier), Université de Rennes 1; Département de Neurologie et Pathologies du Movement (E.M.) and Département de Neurologie (T.L.), CHU de Lille; INSERM UMR-S 1172 (E.M.), Lille; Département de Neurologie (A.D.D.M.), Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims; Centre Memoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) (T.L.), Lille; ESPCI Paris Tech (A.-P.L.), PSL Research University; and Département de Neurologie et Pathologie du Movement (J.-P.A.), Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, INT-CNRS/AMU Aix-Marseille, France.
| | - Nathalie Cozic
- From Université de la Sorbonne UPMC Paris 06 UMR S 1127 (E.H., M.V., V.B., C.H., D.G., A. Méneret, S. Dupont, E.A., J.-C.C., E.R.), Inserm U 1127, CIC-1422, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle, Paris; Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux (E.H., M.V., C.H., B.D., C.B., D.G., J.-C.C., E.R.), Département de Biostatistiques, Unité de Recherche Clinique (N.C., A.B., A. Mallet), Pharmacie (F.C.-B.), Département de Pharmacologie (N.Z.), Département de Génétique, UF de Neurogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire (F.C.), and Département d'Epilepsie et de Réhabilitation (S. Dupont), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Unité de Neurophysiologie (E.H., E.A.), Département DéPAS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris; Hospices Civils de Lyon (S.T.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; Université Lyon 1 (S.T.); CNRS (S.T.), Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, Bron; Département de Neurologie (C.T.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU Strasbourg; Fédération de Médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) (C.T.), Strasbourg, France; Département de Neurologie (G.G.), Hôpital Brugmann, Bruxelles, Belgium; Département de Neurologie (S.Drapier), Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes; EA-4712 "Comportement et Noyaux Gris Centraux" (S. Drapier), Université de Rennes 1; Département de Neurologie et Pathologies du Movement (E.M.) and Département de Neurologie (T.L.), CHU de Lille; INSERM UMR-S 1172 (E.M.), Lille; Département de Neurologie (A.D.D.M.), Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims; Centre Memoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) (T.L.), Lille; ESPCI Paris Tech (A.-P.L.), PSL Research University; and Département de Neurologie et Pathologie du Movement (J.-P.A.), Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, INT-CNRS/AMU Aix-Marseille, France
| | - Fanny Charbonnier-Beaupel
- From Université de la Sorbonne UPMC Paris 06 UMR S 1127 (E.H., M.V., V.B., C.H., D.G., A. Méneret, S. Dupont, E.A., J.-C.C., E.R.), Inserm U 1127, CIC-1422, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle, Paris; Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux (E.H., M.V., C.H., B.D., C.B., D.G., J.-C.C., E.R.), Département de Biostatistiques, Unité de Recherche Clinique (N.C., A.B., A. Mallet), Pharmacie (F.C.-B.), Département de Pharmacologie (N.Z.), Département de Génétique, UF de Neurogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire (F.C.), and Département d'Epilepsie et de Réhabilitation (S. Dupont), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Unité de Neurophysiologie (E.H., E.A.), Département DéPAS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris; Hospices Civils de Lyon (S.T.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; Université Lyon 1 (S.T.); CNRS (S.T.), Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, Bron; Département de Neurologie (C.T.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU Strasbourg; Fédération de Médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) (C.T.), Strasbourg, France; Département de Neurologie (G.G.), Hôpital Brugmann, Bruxelles, Belgium; Département de Neurologie (S.Drapier), Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes; EA-4712 "Comportement et Noyaux Gris Centraux" (S. Drapier), Université de Rennes 1; Département de Neurologie et Pathologies du Movement (E.M.) and Département de Neurologie (T.L.), CHU de Lille; INSERM UMR-S 1172 (E.M.), Lille; Département de Neurologie (A.D.D.M.), Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims; Centre Memoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) (T.L.), Lille; ESPCI Paris Tech (A.-P.L.), PSL Research University; and Département de Neurologie et Pathologie du Movement (J.-P.A.), Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, INT-CNRS/AMU Aix-Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Thobois
- From Université de la Sorbonne UPMC Paris 06 UMR S 1127 (E.H., M.V., V.B., C.H., D.G., A. Méneret, S. Dupont, E.A., J.-C.C., E.R.), Inserm U 1127, CIC-1422, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle, Paris; Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux (E.H., M.V., C.H., B.D., C.B., D.G., J.-C.C., E.R.), Département de Biostatistiques, Unité de Recherche Clinique (N.C., A.B., A. Mallet), Pharmacie (F.C.-B.), Département de Pharmacologie (N.Z.), Département de Génétique, UF de Neurogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire (F.C.), and Département d'Epilepsie et de Réhabilitation (S. Dupont), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Unité de Neurophysiologie (E.H., E.A.), Département DéPAS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris; Hospices Civils de Lyon (S.T.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; Université Lyon 1 (S.T.); CNRS (S.T.), Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, Bron; Département de Neurologie (C.T.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU Strasbourg; Fédération de Médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) (C.T.), Strasbourg, France; Département de Neurologie (G.G.), Hôpital Brugmann, Bruxelles, Belgium; Département de Neurologie (S.Drapier), Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes; EA-4712 "Comportement et Noyaux Gris Centraux" (S. Drapier), Université de Rennes 1; Département de Neurologie et Pathologies du Movement (E.M.) and Département de Neurologie (T.L.), CHU de Lille; INSERM UMR-S 1172 (E.M.), Lille; Département de Neurologie (A.D.D.M.), Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims; Centre Memoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) (T.L.), Lille; ESPCI Paris Tech (A.-P.L.), PSL Research University; and Département de Neurologie et Pathologie du Movement (J.-P.A.), Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, INT-CNRS/AMU Aix-Marseille, France
| | - Christine Tranchant
- From Université de la Sorbonne UPMC Paris 06 UMR S 1127 (E.H., M.V., V.B., C.H., D.G., A. Méneret, S. Dupont, E.A., J.-C.C., E.R.), Inserm U 1127, CIC-1422, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle, Paris; Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux (E.H., M.V., C.H., B.D., C.B., D.G., J.-C.C., E.R.), Département de Biostatistiques, Unité de Recherche Clinique (N.C., A.B., A. Mallet), Pharmacie (F.C.-B.), Département de Pharmacologie (N.Z.), Département de Génétique, UF de Neurogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire (F.C.), and Département d'Epilepsie et de Réhabilitation (S. Dupont), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Unité de Neurophysiologie (E.H., E.A.), Département DéPAS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris; Hospices Civils de Lyon (S.T.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; Université Lyon 1 (S.T.); CNRS (S.T.), Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, Bron; Département de Neurologie (C.T.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU Strasbourg; Fédération de Médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) (C.T.), Strasbourg, France; Département de Neurologie (G.G.), Hôpital Brugmann, Bruxelles, Belgium; Département de Neurologie (S.Drapier), Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes; EA-4712 "Comportement et Noyaux Gris Centraux" (S. Drapier), Université de Rennes 1; Département de Neurologie et Pathologies du Movement (E.M.) and Département de Neurologie (T.L.), CHU de Lille; INSERM UMR-S 1172 (E.M.), Lille; Département de Neurologie (A.D.D.M.), Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims; Centre Memoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) (T.L.), Lille; ESPCI Paris Tech (A.-P.L.), PSL Research University; and Département de Neurologie et Pathologie du Movement (J.-P.A.), Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, INT-CNRS/AMU Aix-Marseille, France
| | - Vanessa Brochard
- From Université de la Sorbonne UPMC Paris 06 UMR S 1127 (E.H., M.V., V.B., C.H., D.G., A. Méneret, S. Dupont, E.A., J.-C.C., E.R.), Inserm U 1127, CIC-1422, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle, Paris; Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux (E.H., M.V., C.H., B.D., C.B., D.G., J.-C.C., E.R.), Département de Biostatistiques, Unité de Recherche Clinique (N.C., A.B., A. Mallet), Pharmacie (F.C.-B.), Département de Pharmacologie (N.Z.), Département de Génétique, UF de Neurogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire (F.C.), and Département d'Epilepsie et de Réhabilitation (S. Dupont), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Unité de Neurophysiologie (E.H., E.A.), Département DéPAS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris; Hospices Civils de Lyon (S.T.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; Université Lyon 1 (S.T.); CNRS (S.T.), Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, Bron; Département de Neurologie (C.T.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU Strasbourg; Fédération de Médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) (C.T.), Strasbourg, France; Département de Neurologie (G.G.), Hôpital Brugmann, Bruxelles, Belgium; Département de Neurologie (S.Drapier), Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes; EA-4712 "Comportement et Noyaux Gris Centraux" (S. Drapier), Université de Rennes 1; Département de Neurologie et Pathologies du Movement (E.M.) and Département de Neurologie (T.L.), CHU de Lille; INSERM UMR-S 1172 (E.M.), Lille; Département de Neurologie (A.D.D.M.), Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims; Centre Memoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) (T.L.), Lille; ESPCI Paris Tech (A.-P.L.), PSL Research University; and Département de Neurologie et Pathologie du Movement (J.-P.A.), Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, INT-CNRS/AMU Aix-Marseille, France
| | - Gérald Glibert
- From Université de la Sorbonne UPMC Paris 06 UMR S 1127 (E.H., M.V., V.B., C.H., D.G., A. Méneret, S. Dupont, E.A., J.-C.C., E.R.), Inserm U 1127, CIC-1422, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle, Paris; Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux (E.H., M.V., C.H., B.D., C.B., D.G., J.-C.C., E.R.), Département de Biostatistiques, Unité de Recherche Clinique (N.C., A.B., A. Mallet), Pharmacie (F.C.-B.), Département de Pharmacologie (N.Z.), Département de Génétique, UF de Neurogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire (F.C.), and Département d'Epilepsie et de Réhabilitation (S. Dupont), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Unité de Neurophysiologie (E.H., E.A.), Département DéPAS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris; Hospices Civils de Lyon (S.T.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; Université Lyon 1 (S.T.); CNRS (S.T.), Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, Bron; Département de Neurologie (C.T.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU Strasbourg; Fédération de Médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) (C.T.), Strasbourg, France; Département de Neurologie (G.G.), Hôpital Brugmann, Bruxelles, Belgium; Département de Neurologie (S.Drapier), Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes; EA-4712 "Comportement et Noyaux Gris Centraux" (S. Drapier), Université de Rennes 1; Département de Neurologie et Pathologies du Movement (E.M.) and Département de Neurologie (T.L.), CHU de Lille; INSERM UMR-S 1172 (E.M.), Lille; Département de Neurologie (A.D.D.M.), Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims; Centre Memoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) (T.L.), Lille; ESPCI Paris Tech (A.-P.L.), PSL Research University; and Département de Neurologie et Pathologie du Movement (J.-P.A.), Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, INT-CNRS/AMU Aix-Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Drapier
- From Université de la Sorbonne UPMC Paris 06 UMR S 1127 (E.H., M.V., V.B., C.H., D.G., A. Méneret, S. Dupont, E.A., J.-C.C., E.R.), Inserm U 1127, CIC-1422, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle, Paris; Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux (E.H., M.V., C.H., B.D., C.B., D.G., J.-C.C., E.R.), Département de Biostatistiques, Unité de Recherche Clinique (N.C., A.B., A. Mallet), Pharmacie (F.C.-B.), Département de Pharmacologie (N.Z.), Département de Génétique, UF de Neurogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire (F.C.), and Département d'Epilepsie et de Réhabilitation (S. Dupont), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Unité de Neurophysiologie (E.H., E.A.), Département DéPAS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris; Hospices Civils de Lyon (S.T.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; Université Lyon 1 (S.T.); CNRS (S.T.), Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, Bron; Département de Neurologie (C.T.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU Strasbourg; Fédération de Médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) (C.T.), Strasbourg, France; Département de Neurologie (G.G.), Hôpital Brugmann, Bruxelles, Belgium; Département de Neurologie (S.Drapier), Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes; EA-4712 "Comportement et Noyaux Gris Centraux" (S. Drapier), Université de Rennes 1; Département de Neurologie et Pathologies du Movement (E.M.) and Département de Neurologie (T.L.), CHU de Lille; INSERM UMR-S 1172 (E.M.), Lille; Département de Neurologie (A.D.D.M.), Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims; Centre Memoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) (T.L.), Lille; ESPCI Paris Tech (A.-P.L.), PSL Research University; and Département de Neurologie et Pathologie du Movement (J.-P.A.), Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, INT-CNRS/AMU Aix-Marseille, France
| | - Eugénie Mutez
- From Université de la Sorbonne UPMC Paris 06 UMR S 1127 (E.H., M.V., V.B., C.H., D.G., A. Méneret, S. Dupont, E.A., J.-C.C., E.R.), Inserm U 1127, CIC-1422, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle, Paris; Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux (E.H., M.V., C.H., B.D., C.B., D.G., J.-C.C., E.R.), Département de Biostatistiques, Unité de Recherche Clinique (N.C., A.B., A. Mallet), Pharmacie (F.C.-B.), Département de Pharmacologie (N.Z.), Département de Génétique, UF de Neurogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire (F.C.), and Département d'Epilepsie et de Réhabilitation (S. Dupont), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Unité de Neurophysiologie (E.H., E.A.), Département DéPAS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris; Hospices Civils de Lyon (S.T.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; Université Lyon 1 (S.T.); CNRS (S.T.), Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, Bron; Département de Neurologie (C.T.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU Strasbourg; Fédération de Médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) (C.T.), Strasbourg, France; Département de Neurologie (G.G.), Hôpital Brugmann, Bruxelles, Belgium; Département de Neurologie (S.Drapier), Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes; EA-4712 "Comportement et Noyaux Gris Centraux" (S. Drapier), Université de Rennes 1; Département de Neurologie et Pathologies du Movement (E.M.) and Département de Neurologie (T.L.), CHU de Lille; INSERM UMR-S 1172 (E.M.), Lille; Département de Neurologie (A.D.D.M.), Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims; Centre Memoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) (T.L.), Lille; ESPCI Paris Tech (A.-P.L.), PSL Research University; and Département de Neurologie et Pathologie du Movement (J.-P.A.), Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, INT-CNRS/AMU Aix-Marseille, France
| | - Anne Doe De Maindreville
- From Université de la Sorbonne UPMC Paris 06 UMR S 1127 (E.H., M.V., V.B., C.H., D.G., A. Méneret, S. Dupont, E.A., J.-C.C., E.R.), Inserm U 1127, CIC-1422, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle, Paris; Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux (E.H., M.V., C.H., B.D., C.B., D.G., J.-C.C., E.R.), Département de Biostatistiques, Unité de Recherche Clinique (N.C., A.B., A. Mallet), Pharmacie (F.C.-B.), Département de Pharmacologie (N.Z.), Département de Génétique, UF de Neurogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire (F.C.), and Département d'Epilepsie et de Réhabilitation (S. Dupont), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Unité de Neurophysiologie (E.H., E.A.), Département DéPAS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris; Hospices Civils de Lyon (S.T.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; Université Lyon 1 (S.T.); CNRS (S.T.), Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, Bron; Département de Neurologie (C.T.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU Strasbourg; Fédération de Médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) (C.T.), Strasbourg, France; Département de Neurologie (G.G.), Hôpital Brugmann, Bruxelles, Belgium; Département de Neurologie (S.Drapier), Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes; EA-4712 "Comportement et Noyaux Gris Centraux" (S. Drapier), Université de Rennes 1; Département de Neurologie et Pathologies du Movement (E.M.) and Département de Neurologie (T.L.), CHU de Lille; INSERM UMR-S 1172 (E.M.), Lille; Département de Neurologie (A.D.D.M.), Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims; Centre Memoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) (T.L.), Lille; ESPCI Paris Tech (A.-P.L.), PSL Research University; and Département de Neurologie et Pathologie du Movement (J.-P.A.), Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, INT-CNRS/AMU Aix-Marseille, France
| | - Thibaud Lebouvier
- From Université de la Sorbonne UPMC Paris 06 UMR S 1127 (E.H., M.V., V.B., C.H., D.G., A. Méneret, S. Dupont, E.A., J.-C.C., E.R.), Inserm U 1127, CIC-1422, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle, Paris; Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux (E.H., M.V., C.H., B.D., C.B., D.G., J.-C.C., E.R.), Département de Biostatistiques, Unité de Recherche Clinique (N.C., A.B., A. Mallet), Pharmacie (F.C.-B.), Département de Pharmacologie (N.Z.), Département de Génétique, UF de Neurogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire (F.C.), and Département d'Epilepsie et de Réhabilitation (S. Dupont), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Unité de Neurophysiologie (E.H., E.A.), Département DéPAS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris; Hospices Civils de Lyon (S.T.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; Université Lyon 1 (S.T.); CNRS (S.T.), Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, Bron; Département de Neurologie (C.T.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU Strasbourg; Fédération de Médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) (C.T.), Strasbourg, France; Département de Neurologie (G.G.), Hôpital Brugmann, Bruxelles, Belgium; Département de Neurologie (S.Drapier), Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes; EA-4712 "Comportement et Noyaux Gris Centraux" (S. Drapier), Université de Rennes 1; Département de Neurologie et Pathologies du Movement (E.M.) and Département de Neurologie (T.L.), CHU de Lille; INSERM UMR-S 1172 (E.M.), Lille; Département de Neurologie (A.D.D.M.), Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims; Centre Memoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) (T.L.), Lille; ESPCI Paris Tech (A.-P.L.), PSL Research University; and Département de Neurologie et Pathologie du Movement (J.-P.A.), Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, INT-CNRS/AMU Aix-Marseille, France
| | - Cécile Hubsch
- From Université de la Sorbonne UPMC Paris 06 UMR S 1127 (E.H., M.V., V.B., C.H., D.G., A. Méneret, S. Dupont, E.A., J.-C.C., E.R.), Inserm U 1127, CIC-1422, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle, Paris; Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux (E.H., M.V., C.H., B.D., C.B., D.G., J.-C.C., E.R.), Département de Biostatistiques, Unité de Recherche Clinique (N.C., A.B., A. Mallet), Pharmacie (F.C.-B.), Département de Pharmacologie (N.Z.), Département de Génétique, UF de Neurogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire (F.C.), and Département d'Epilepsie et de Réhabilitation (S. Dupont), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Unité de Neurophysiologie (E.H., E.A.), Département DéPAS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris; Hospices Civils de Lyon (S.T.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; Université Lyon 1 (S.T.); CNRS (S.T.), Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, Bron; Département de Neurologie (C.T.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU Strasbourg; Fédération de Médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) (C.T.), Strasbourg, France; Département de Neurologie (G.G.), Hôpital Brugmann, Bruxelles, Belgium; Département de Neurologie (S.Drapier), Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes; EA-4712 "Comportement et Noyaux Gris Centraux" (S. Drapier), Université de Rennes 1; Département de Neurologie et Pathologies du Movement (E.M.) and Département de Neurologie (T.L.), CHU de Lille; INSERM UMR-S 1172 (E.M.), Lille; Département de Neurologie (A.D.D.M.), Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims; Centre Memoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) (T.L.), Lille; ESPCI Paris Tech (A.-P.L.), PSL Research University; and Département de Neurologie et Pathologie du Movement (J.-P.A.), Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, INT-CNRS/AMU Aix-Marseille, France
| | - Bertrand Degos
- From Université de la Sorbonne UPMC Paris 06 UMR S 1127 (E.H., M.V., V.B., C.H., D.G., A. Méneret, S. Dupont, E.A., J.-C.C., E.R.), Inserm U 1127, CIC-1422, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle, Paris; Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux (E.H., M.V., C.H., B.D., C.B., D.G., J.-C.C., E.R.), Département de Biostatistiques, Unité de Recherche Clinique (N.C., A.B., A. Mallet), Pharmacie (F.C.-B.), Département de Pharmacologie (N.Z.), Département de Génétique, UF de Neurogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire (F.C.), and Département d'Epilepsie et de Réhabilitation (S. Dupont), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Unité de Neurophysiologie (E.H., E.A.), Département DéPAS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris; Hospices Civils de Lyon (S.T.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; Université Lyon 1 (S.T.); CNRS (S.T.), Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, Bron; Département de Neurologie (C.T.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU Strasbourg; Fédération de Médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) (C.T.), Strasbourg, France; Département de Neurologie (G.G.), Hôpital Brugmann, Bruxelles, Belgium; Département de Neurologie (S.Drapier), Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes; EA-4712 "Comportement et Noyaux Gris Centraux" (S. Drapier), Université de Rennes 1; Département de Neurologie et Pathologies du Movement (E.M.) and Département de Neurologie (T.L.), CHU de Lille; INSERM UMR-S 1172 (E.M.), Lille; Département de Neurologie (A.D.D.M.), Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims; Centre Memoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) (T.L.), Lille; ESPCI Paris Tech (A.-P.L.), PSL Research University; and Département de Neurologie et Pathologie du Movement (J.-P.A.), Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, INT-CNRS/AMU Aix-Marseille, France
| | - Cécilia Bonnet
- From Université de la Sorbonne UPMC Paris 06 UMR S 1127 (E.H., M.V., V.B., C.H., D.G., A. Méneret, S. Dupont, E.A., J.-C.C., E.R.), Inserm U 1127, CIC-1422, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle, Paris; Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux (E.H., M.V., C.H., B.D., C.B., D.G., J.-C.C., E.R.), Département de Biostatistiques, Unité de Recherche Clinique (N.C., A.B., A. Mallet), Pharmacie (F.C.-B.), Département de Pharmacologie (N.Z.), Département de Génétique, UF de Neurogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire (F.C.), and Département d'Epilepsie et de Réhabilitation (S. Dupont), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Unité de Neurophysiologie (E.H., E.A.), Département DéPAS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris; Hospices Civils de Lyon (S.T.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; Université Lyon 1 (S.T.); CNRS (S.T.), Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, Bron; Département de Neurologie (C.T.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU Strasbourg; Fédération de Médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) (C.T.), Strasbourg, France; Département de Neurologie (G.G.), Hôpital Brugmann, Bruxelles, Belgium; Département de Neurologie (S.Drapier), Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes; EA-4712 "Comportement et Noyaux Gris Centraux" (S. Drapier), Université de Rennes 1; Département de Neurologie et Pathologies du Movement (E.M.) and Département de Neurologie (T.L.), CHU de Lille; INSERM UMR-S 1172 (E.M.), Lille; Département de Neurologie (A.D.D.M.), Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims; Centre Memoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) (T.L.), Lille; ESPCI Paris Tech (A.-P.L.), PSL Research University; and Département de Neurologie et Pathologie du Movement (J.-P.A.), Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, INT-CNRS/AMU Aix-Marseille, France
| | - David Grabli
- From Université de la Sorbonne UPMC Paris 06 UMR S 1127 (E.H., M.V., V.B., C.H., D.G., A. Méneret, S. Dupont, E.A., J.-C.C., E.R.), Inserm U 1127, CIC-1422, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle, Paris; Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux (E.H., M.V., C.H., B.D., C.B., D.G., J.-C.C., E.R.), Département de Biostatistiques, Unité de Recherche Clinique (N.C., A.B., A. Mallet), Pharmacie (F.C.-B.), Département de Pharmacologie (N.Z.), Département de Génétique, UF de Neurogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire (F.C.), and Département d'Epilepsie et de Réhabilitation (S. Dupont), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Unité de Neurophysiologie (E.H., E.A.), Département DéPAS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris; Hospices Civils de Lyon (S.T.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; Université Lyon 1 (S.T.); CNRS (S.T.), Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, Bron; Département de Neurologie (C.T.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU Strasbourg; Fédération de Médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) (C.T.), Strasbourg, France; Département de Neurologie (G.G.), Hôpital Brugmann, Bruxelles, Belgium; Département de Neurologie (S.Drapier), Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes; EA-4712 "Comportement et Noyaux Gris Centraux" (S. Drapier), Université de Rennes 1; Département de Neurologie et Pathologies du Movement (E.M.) and Département de Neurologie (T.L.), CHU de Lille; INSERM UMR-S 1172 (E.M.), Lille; Département de Neurologie (A.D.D.M.), Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims; Centre Memoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) (T.L.), Lille; ESPCI Paris Tech (A.-P.L.), PSL Research University; and Département de Neurologie et Pathologie du Movement (J.-P.A.), Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, INT-CNRS/AMU Aix-Marseille, France
| | - André-Pierre Legrand
- From Université de la Sorbonne UPMC Paris 06 UMR S 1127 (E.H., M.V., V.B., C.H., D.G., A. Méneret, S. Dupont, E.A., J.-C.C., E.R.), Inserm U 1127, CIC-1422, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle, Paris; Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux (E.H., M.V., C.H., B.D., C.B., D.G., J.-C.C., E.R.), Département de Biostatistiques, Unité de Recherche Clinique (N.C., A.B., A. Mallet), Pharmacie (F.C.-B.), Département de Pharmacologie (N.Z.), Département de Génétique, UF de Neurogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire (F.C.), and Département d'Epilepsie et de Réhabilitation (S. Dupont), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Unité de Neurophysiologie (E.H., E.A.), Département DéPAS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris; Hospices Civils de Lyon (S.T.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; Université Lyon 1 (S.T.); CNRS (S.T.), Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, Bron; Département de Neurologie (C.T.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU Strasbourg; Fédération de Médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) (C.T.), Strasbourg, France; Département de Neurologie (G.G.), Hôpital Brugmann, Bruxelles, Belgium; Département de Neurologie (S.Drapier), Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes; EA-4712 "Comportement et Noyaux Gris Centraux" (S. Drapier), Université de Rennes 1; Département de Neurologie et Pathologies du Movement (E.M.) and Département de Neurologie (T.L.), CHU de Lille; INSERM UMR-S 1172 (E.M.), Lille; Département de Neurologie (A.D.D.M.), Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims; Centre Memoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) (T.L.), Lille; ESPCI Paris Tech (A.-P.L.), PSL Research University; and Département de Neurologie et Pathologie du Movement (J.-P.A.), Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, INT-CNRS/AMU Aix-Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Méneret
- From Université de la Sorbonne UPMC Paris 06 UMR S 1127 (E.H., M.V., V.B., C.H., D.G., A. Méneret, S. Dupont, E.A., J.-C.C., E.R.), Inserm U 1127, CIC-1422, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle, Paris; Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux (E.H., M.V., C.H., B.D., C.B., D.G., J.-C.C., E.R.), Département de Biostatistiques, Unité de Recherche Clinique (N.C., A.B., A. Mallet), Pharmacie (F.C.-B.), Département de Pharmacologie (N.Z.), Département de Génétique, UF de Neurogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire (F.C.), and Département d'Epilepsie et de Réhabilitation (S. Dupont), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Unité de Neurophysiologie (E.H., E.A.), Département DéPAS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris; Hospices Civils de Lyon (S.T.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; Université Lyon 1 (S.T.); CNRS (S.T.), Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, Bron; Département de Neurologie (C.T.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU Strasbourg; Fédération de Médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) (C.T.), Strasbourg, France; Département de Neurologie (G.G.), Hôpital Brugmann, Bruxelles, Belgium; Département de Neurologie (S.Drapier), Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes; EA-4712 "Comportement et Noyaux Gris Centraux" (S. Drapier), Université de Rennes 1; Département de Neurologie et Pathologies du Movement (E.M.) and Département de Neurologie (T.L.), CHU de Lille; INSERM UMR-S 1172 (E.M.), Lille; Département de Neurologie (A.D.D.M.), Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims; Centre Memoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) (T.L.), Lille; ESPCI Paris Tech (A.-P.L.), PSL Research University; and Département de Neurologie et Pathologie du Movement (J.-P.A.), Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, INT-CNRS/AMU Aix-Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Azulay
- From Université de la Sorbonne UPMC Paris 06 UMR S 1127 (E.H., M.V., V.B., C.H., D.G., A. Méneret, S. Dupont, E.A., J.-C.C., E.R.), Inserm U 1127, CIC-1422, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle, Paris; Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux (E.H., M.V., C.H., B.D., C.B., D.G., J.-C.C., E.R.), Département de Biostatistiques, Unité de Recherche Clinique (N.C., A.B., A. Mallet), Pharmacie (F.C.-B.), Département de Pharmacologie (N.Z.), Département de Génétique, UF de Neurogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire (F.C.), and Département d'Epilepsie et de Réhabilitation (S. Dupont), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Unité de Neurophysiologie (E.H., E.A.), Département DéPAS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris; Hospices Civils de Lyon (S.T.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; Université Lyon 1 (S.T.); CNRS (S.T.), Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, Bron; Département de Neurologie (C.T.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU Strasbourg; Fédération de Médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) (C.T.), Strasbourg, France; Département de Neurologie (G.G.), Hôpital Brugmann, Bruxelles, Belgium; Département de Neurologie (S.Drapier), Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes; EA-4712 "Comportement et Noyaux Gris Centraux" (S. Drapier), Université de Rennes 1; Département de Neurologie et Pathologies du Movement (E.M.) and Département de Neurologie (T.L.), CHU de Lille; INSERM UMR-S 1172 (E.M.), Lille; Département de Neurologie (A.D.D.M.), Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims; Centre Memoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) (T.L.), Lille; ESPCI Paris Tech (A.-P.L.), PSL Research University; and Département de Neurologie et Pathologie du Movement (J.-P.A.), Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, INT-CNRS/AMU Aix-Marseille, France
| | - Anne Bissery
- From Université de la Sorbonne UPMC Paris 06 UMR S 1127 (E.H., M.V., V.B., C.H., D.G., A. Méneret, S. Dupont, E.A., J.-C.C., E.R.), Inserm U 1127, CIC-1422, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle, Paris; Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux (E.H., M.V., C.H., B.D., C.B., D.G., J.-C.C., E.R.), Département de Biostatistiques, Unité de Recherche Clinique (N.C., A.B., A. Mallet), Pharmacie (F.C.-B.), Département de Pharmacologie (N.Z.), Département de Génétique, UF de Neurogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire (F.C.), and Département d'Epilepsie et de Réhabilitation (S. Dupont), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Unité de Neurophysiologie (E.H., E.A.), Département DéPAS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris; Hospices Civils de Lyon (S.T.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; Université Lyon 1 (S.T.); CNRS (S.T.), Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, Bron; Département de Neurologie (C.T.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU Strasbourg; Fédération de Médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) (C.T.), Strasbourg, France; Département de Neurologie (G.G.), Hôpital Brugmann, Bruxelles, Belgium; Département de Neurologie (S.Drapier), Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes; EA-4712 "Comportement et Noyaux Gris Centraux" (S. Drapier), Université de Rennes 1; Département de Neurologie et Pathologies du Movement (E.M.) and Département de Neurologie (T.L.), CHU de Lille; INSERM UMR-S 1172 (E.M.), Lille; Département de Neurologie (A.D.D.M.), Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims; Centre Memoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) (T.L.), Lille; ESPCI Paris Tech (A.-P.L.), PSL Research University; and Département de Neurologie et Pathologie du Movement (J.-P.A.), Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, INT-CNRS/AMU Aix-Marseille, France
| | - Noël Zahr
- From Université de la Sorbonne UPMC Paris 06 UMR S 1127 (E.H., M.V., V.B., C.H., D.G., A. Méneret, S. Dupont, E.A., J.-C.C., E.R.), Inserm U 1127, CIC-1422, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle, Paris; Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux (E.H., M.V., C.H., B.D., C.B., D.G., J.-C.C., E.R.), Département de Biostatistiques, Unité de Recherche Clinique (N.C., A.B., A. Mallet), Pharmacie (F.C.-B.), Département de Pharmacologie (N.Z.), Département de Génétique, UF de Neurogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire (F.C.), and Département d'Epilepsie et de Réhabilitation (S. Dupont), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Unité de Neurophysiologie (E.H., E.A.), Département DéPAS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris; Hospices Civils de Lyon (S.T.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; Université Lyon 1 (S.T.); CNRS (S.T.), Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, Bron; Département de Neurologie (C.T.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU Strasbourg; Fédération de Médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) (C.T.), Strasbourg, France; Département de Neurologie (G.G.), Hôpital Brugmann, Bruxelles, Belgium; Département de Neurologie (S.Drapier), Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes; EA-4712 "Comportement et Noyaux Gris Centraux" (S. Drapier), Université de Rennes 1; Département de Neurologie et Pathologies du Movement (E.M.) and Département de Neurologie (T.L.), CHU de Lille; INSERM UMR-S 1172 (E.M.), Lille; Département de Neurologie (A.D.D.M.), Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims; Centre Memoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) (T.L.), Lille; ESPCI Paris Tech (A.-P.L.), PSL Research University; and Département de Neurologie et Pathologie du Movement (J.-P.A.), Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, INT-CNRS/AMU Aix-Marseille, France
| | - Fabienne Clot
- From Université de la Sorbonne UPMC Paris 06 UMR S 1127 (E.H., M.V., V.B., C.H., D.G., A. Méneret, S. Dupont, E.A., J.-C.C., E.R.), Inserm U 1127, CIC-1422, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle, Paris; Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux (E.H., M.V., C.H., B.D., C.B., D.G., J.-C.C., E.R.), Département de Biostatistiques, Unité de Recherche Clinique (N.C., A.B., A. Mallet), Pharmacie (F.C.-B.), Département de Pharmacologie (N.Z.), Département de Génétique, UF de Neurogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire (F.C.), and Département d'Epilepsie et de Réhabilitation (S. Dupont), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Unité de Neurophysiologie (E.H., E.A.), Département DéPAS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris; Hospices Civils de Lyon (S.T.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; Université Lyon 1 (S.T.); CNRS (S.T.), Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, Bron; Département de Neurologie (C.T.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU Strasbourg; Fédération de Médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) (C.T.), Strasbourg, France; Département de Neurologie (G.G.), Hôpital Brugmann, Bruxelles, Belgium; Département de Neurologie (S.Drapier), Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes; EA-4712 "Comportement et Noyaux Gris Centraux" (S. Drapier), Université de Rennes 1; Département de Neurologie et Pathologies du Movement (E.M.) and Département de Neurologie (T.L.), CHU de Lille; INSERM UMR-S 1172 (E.M.), Lille; Département de Neurologie (A.D.D.M.), Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims; Centre Memoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) (T.L.), Lille; ESPCI Paris Tech (A.-P.L.), PSL Research University; and Département de Neurologie et Pathologie du Movement (J.-P.A.), Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, INT-CNRS/AMU Aix-Marseille, France
| | - Alain Mallet
- From Université de la Sorbonne UPMC Paris 06 UMR S 1127 (E.H., M.V., V.B., C.H., D.G., A. Méneret, S. Dupont, E.A., J.-C.C., E.R.), Inserm U 1127, CIC-1422, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle, Paris; Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux (E.H., M.V., C.H., B.D., C.B., D.G., J.-C.C., E.R.), Département de Biostatistiques, Unité de Recherche Clinique (N.C., A.B., A. Mallet), Pharmacie (F.C.-B.), Département de Pharmacologie (N.Z.), Département de Génétique, UF de Neurogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire (F.C.), and Département d'Epilepsie et de Réhabilitation (S. Dupont), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Unité de Neurophysiologie (E.H., E.A.), Département DéPAS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris; Hospices Civils de Lyon (S.T.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; Université Lyon 1 (S.T.); CNRS (S.T.), Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, Bron; Département de Neurologie (C.T.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU Strasbourg; Fédération de Médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) (C.T.), Strasbourg, France; Département de Neurologie (G.G.), Hôpital Brugmann, Bruxelles, Belgium; Département de Neurologie (S.Drapier), Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes; EA-4712 "Comportement et Noyaux Gris Centraux" (S. Drapier), Université de Rennes 1; Département de Neurologie et Pathologies du Movement (E.M.) and Département de Neurologie (T.L.), CHU de Lille; INSERM UMR-S 1172 (E.M.), Lille; Département de Neurologie (A.D.D.M.), Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims; Centre Memoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) (T.L.), Lille; ESPCI Paris Tech (A.-P.L.), PSL Research University; and Département de Neurologie et Pathologie du Movement (J.-P.A.), Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, INT-CNRS/AMU Aix-Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Dupont
- From Université de la Sorbonne UPMC Paris 06 UMR S 1127 (E.H., M.V., V.B., C.H., D.G., A. Méneret, S. Dupont, E.A., J.-C.C., E.R.), Inserm U 1127, CIC-1422, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle, Paris; Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux (E.H., M.V., C.H., B.D., C.B., D.G., J.-C.C., E.R.), Département de Biostatistiques, Unité de Recherche Clinique (N.C., A.B., A. Mallet), Pharmacie (F.C.-B.), Département de Pharmacologie (N.Z.), Département de Génétique, UF de Neurogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire (F.C.), and Département d'Epilepsie et de Réhabilitation (S. Dupont), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Unité de Neurophysiologie (E.H., E.A.), Département DéPAS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris; Hospices Civils de Lyon (S.T.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; Université Lyon 1 (S.T.); CNRS (S.T.), Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, Bron; Département de Neurologie (C.T.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU Strasbourg; Fédération de Médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) (C.T.), Strasbourg, France; Département de Neurologie (G.G.), Hôpital Brugmann, Bruxelles, Belgium; Département de Neurologie (S.Drapier), Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes; EA-4712 "Comportement et Noyaux Gris Centraux" (S. Drapier), Université de Rennes 1; Département de Neurologie et Pathologies du Movement (E.M.) and Département de Neurologie (T.L.), CHU de Lille; INSERM UMR-S 1172 (E.M.), Lille; Département de Neurologie (A.D.D.M.), Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims; Centre Memoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) (T.L.), Lille; ESPCI Paris Tech (A.-P.L.), PSL Research University; and Département de Neurologie et Pathologie du Movement (J.-P.A.), Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, INT-CNRS/AMU Aix-Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Apartis
- From Université de la Sorbonne UPMC Paris 06 UMR S 1127 (E.H., M.V., V.B., C.H., D.G., A. Méneret, S. Dupont, E.A., J.-C.C., E.R.), Inserm U 1127, CIC-1422, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle, Paris; Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux (E.H., M.V., C.H., B.D., C.B., D.G., J.-C.C., E.R.), Département de Biostatistiques, Unité de Recherche Clinique (N.C., A.B., A. Mallet), Pharmacie (F.C.-B.), Département de Pharmacologie (N.Z.), Département de Génétique, UF de Neurogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire (F.C.), and Département d'Epilepsie et de Réhabilitation (S. Dupont), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Unité de Neurophysiologie (E.H., E.A.), Département DéPAS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris; Hospices Civils de Lyon (S.T.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; Université Lyon 1 (S.T.); CNRS (S.T.), Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, Bron; Département de Neurologie (C.T.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU Strasbourg; Fédération de Médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) (C.T.), Strasbourg, France; Département de Neurologie (G.G.), Hôpital Brugmann, Bruxelles, Belgium; Département de Neurologie (S.Drapier), Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes; EA-4712 "Comportement et Noyaux Gris Centraux" (S. Drapier), Université de Rennes 1; Département de Neurologie et Pathologies du Movement (E.M.) and Département de Neurologie (T.L.), CHU de Lille; INSERM UMR-S 1172 (E.M.), Lille; Département de Neurologie (A.D.D.M.), Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims; Centre Memoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) (T.L.), Lille; ESPCI Paris Tech (A.-P.L.), PSL Research University; and Département de Neurologie et Pathologie du Movement (J.-P.A.), Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, INT-CNRS/AMU Aix-Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- From Université de la Sorbonne UPMC Paris 06 UMR S 1127 (E.H., M.V., V.B., C.H., D.G., A. Méneret, S. Dupont, E.A., J.-C.C., E.R.), Inserm U 1127, CIC-1422, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle, Paris; Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux (E.H., M.V., C.H., B.D., C.B., D.G., J.-C.C., E.R.), Département de Biostatistiques, Unité de Recherche Clinique (N.C., A.B., A. Mallet), Pharmacie (F.C.-B.), Département de Pharmacologie (N.Z.), Département de Génétique, UF de Neurogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire (F.C.), and Département d'Epilepsie et de Réhabilitation (S. Dupont), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Unité de Neurophysiologie (E.H., E.A.), Département DéPAS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris; Hospices Civils de Lyon (S.T.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; Université Lyon 1 (S.T.); CNRS (S.T.), Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, Bron; Département de Neurologie (C.T.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU Strasbourg; Fédération de Médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) (C.T.), Strasbourg, France; Département de Neurologie (G.G.), Hôpital Brugmann, Bruxelles, Belgium; Département de Neurologie (S.Drapier), Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes; EA-4712 "Comportement et Noyaux Gris Centraux" (S. Drapier), Université de Rennes 1; Département de Neurologie et Pathologies du Movement (E.M.) and Département de Neurologie (T.L.), CHU de Lille; INSERM UMR-S 1172 (E.M.), Lille; Département de Neurologie (A.D.D.M.), Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims; Centre Memoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) (T.L.), Lille; ESPCI Paris Tech (A.-P.L.), PSL Research University; and Département de Neurologie et Pathologie du Movement (J.-P.A.), Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, INT-CNRS/AMU Aix-Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- From Université de la Sorbonne UPMC Paris 06 UMR S 1127 (E.H., M.V., V.B., C.H., D.G., A. Méneret, S. Dupont, E.A., J.-C.C., E.R.), Inserm U 1127, CIC-1422, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle, Paris; Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux (E.H., M.V., C.H., B.D., C.B., D.G., J.-C.C., E.R.), Département de Biostatistiques, Unité de Recherche Clinique (N.C., A.B., A. Mallet), Pharmacie (F.C.-B.), Département de Pharmacologie (N.Z.), Département de Génétique, UF de Neurogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire (F.C.), and Département d'Epilepsie et de Réhabilitation (S. Dupont), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Unité de Neurophysiologie (E.H., E.A.), Département DéPAS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris; Hospices Civils de Lyon (S.T.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; Université Lyon 1 (S.T.); CNRS (S.T.), Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, Bron; Département de Neurologie (C.T.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU Strasbourg; Fédération de Médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) (C.T.), Strasbourg, France; Département de Neurologie (G.G.), Hôpital Brugmann, Bruxelles, Belgium; Département de Neurologie (S.Drapier), Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes; EA-4712 "Comportement et Noyaux Gris Centraux" (S. Drapier), Université de Rennes 1; Département de Neurologie et Pathologies du Movement (E.M.) and Département de Neurologie (T.L.), CHU de Lille; INSERM UMR-S 1172 (E.M.), Lille; Département de Neurologie (A.D.D.M.), Hôpital Maison Blanche, CHU de Reims; Centre Memoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CMRR) (T.L.), Lille; ESPCI Paris Tech (A.-P.L.), PSL Research University; and Département de Neurologie et Pathologie du Movement (J.-P.A.), Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, INT-CNRS/AMU Aix-Marseille, France
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Meunier S, Popa T, Hubsch C, Roze E, Kishore A. Reply: A single session of cerebellar theta burst stimulation does not alter writing performance in writer's cramp. Brain 2015; 138:e356. [PMID: 25395099 PMCID: PMC4614138 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Meunier
- 1 ICM - Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle épinière, Paris, France 2 Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, UMR-S975, Paris, France 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France 4 Inserm, U975, Paris, France
| | - Traian Popa
- 1 ICM - Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle épinière, Paris, France 2 Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, UMR-S975, Paris, France 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France 4 Inserm, U975, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Hubsch
- 1 ICM - Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle épinière, Paris, France 5 AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Department of Neurology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- 1 ICM - Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle épinière, Paris, France 2 Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, UMR-S975, Paris, France 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France 4 Inserm, U975, Paris, France 5 AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Department of Neurology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Asha Kishore
- 6 Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, India
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Delorme C, Cohen F, Hubsch C, Roze E. Chorea as the initial manifestation of Sjögren syndrome. Pediatr Neurol 2015; 52:647-8. [PMID: 25959286 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2015.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Delorme
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unité 1127, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche scientifique (CNRS), Unité 7225, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI), Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Département de Neurologie, Paris, France
| | - Fleur Cohen
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI), Paris, France; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Institut E3M, French National Reference Center for Rare Auto-immune and Systemic Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Hubsch
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unité 1127, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche scientifique (CNRS), Unité 7225, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI), Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Département de Neurologie, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unité 1127, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche scientifique (CNRS), Unité 7225, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI), Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Département de Neurologie, Paris, France.
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Roze E, Vidailhet M, Hubsch C, Navarro S, Grabli D. Pallidal stimulation for myoclonus-dystonia: Ten years' outcome in two patients. Mov Disord 2015; 30:871-2. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Roze
- Inserm; U 1127 F-75013 Paris France
- CNRS; UMR 7225 F-75013 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06; Paris France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière; Paris France
- AP-HP; Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière; Département de Neurologie; Paris France
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- Inserm; U 1127 F-75013 Paris France
- CNRS; UMR 7225 F-75013 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06; Paris France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière; Paris France
- AP-HP; Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière; Département de Neurologie; Paris France
| | - Cécile Hubsch
- Inserm; U 1127 F-75013 Paris France
- CNRS; UMR 7225 F-75013 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06; Paris France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière; Paris France
- AP-HP; Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière; Département de Neurologie; Paris France
| | - Soledad Navarro
- Inserm; U 1127 F-75013 Paris France
- CNRS; UMR 7225 F-75013 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06; Paris France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière; Paris France
- AP-HP; Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière; Département de Neurochirurgie; Paris France
| | - David Grabli
- Inserm; U 1127 F-75013 Paris France
- CNRS; UMR 7225 F-75013 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06; Paris France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière; Paris France
- AP-HP; Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière; Département de Neurologie; Paris France
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Popa T, Milani P, Richard A, Hubsch C, Brochard V, Tranchant C, Sadnicka A, Rothwell J, Vidailhet M, Meunier S, Roze E. The neurophysiological features of myoclonus-dystonia and differentiation from other dystonias. JAMA Neurol 2014; 71:612-9. [PMID: 24638021 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Myoclonus-dystonia (M-D) is a clinical syndrome characterized by a combination of myoclonic jerks and mild to moderate dystonia. The syndrome is related to ε-sarcoglycan (SGCE) gene mutations in about half the typical cases. Whether the M-D phenotype reflects a primary dysfunction of the cerebellothalamocortical pathway or of the striatopallidothalamocortical pathway is unclear. The exact role of an additional cortical dysfunction in the pathogenesis of M-D is also unknown. OBJECTIVE To clarify the neurophysiological features of M-D and discuss whether M-D due to SGCE deficiency differs from other primary dystonias. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We studied a referred sample of 12 patients with M-D (mean [SD] age, 28.8 [6.2] years; age range, 19-38 years; 5 women) belonging to 11 unrelated families with a proven mutation or deletion of the SGCE gene and a group of 12 age- and sex-matched healthy control individuals. Every participant underwent 3 sessions exploring the excitability of the primary motor cortex, the response of the primary motor cortex to a plasticity-inducing protocol, and the cerebellar-dependent eye-blink classic conditioning (EBCC). The clinical evaluation of patients included the Unified Myoclonus Rating Scale and Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale. EXPOSURE Myoclonus-dystonia with a proven SGCE mutation. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES We measured resting and active motor thresholds, and short-interval intracortical inhibition and facilitation. The plasticity of the motor cortex was evaluated before and for 30 minutes after 600 pulses of rapid paired associative stimulation. The cerebellar functioning was evaluated with the number of conditioned responses during the 6 blocks of EBCC and 1 extinction block. All data were compared between the 2 groups. For patients, correlations were explored between electrophysiological data and clinical scores. RESULTS We found lower membrane excitability of the corticocortical axons and normal intracortical γ-aminobutyric acid inhibition in contrast with what has been described in other forms of primary dystonia. Myoclonus-dystonia patients also shared some common pathophysiological features of dystonia, including enhanced responsiveness of the motor cortex to plasticity induction and abnormal response to cerebellar conditioning as tested by EBCC. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Specific underlying dysfunctions are associated with the very particular clinical phenotype of M-D and make it a unique entity that stands apart from other primary dystonias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traian Popa
- Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France2Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1127, Centre de Recherche d
| | - Paolo Milani
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1127, Centre de Recherche de Neurosciences-Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 UMR_S975
| | - Aliénor Richard
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1127, Centre de Recherche de Neurosciences-Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 UMR_S975
| | - Cécile Hubsch
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1127, Centre de Recherche de Neurosciences-Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 UMR_S975
| | - Vanessa Brochard
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences 1422, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Christine Tranchant
- Centre de Compétence des Maladies Neurologiques Génétiques Rares, Service de Neurologie, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anna Sadnicka
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, England
| | - John Rothwell
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, England
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1127, Centre de Recherche de Neurosciences-Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 UMR_S975
| | - Sabine Meunier
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1127, Centre de Recherche de Neurosciences-Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 UMR_S975
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1127, Centre de Recherche de Neurosciences-Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 UMR_S975
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Gallea C, Popa T, Hubsch C, Valabregue R, Brochard V, Kundu P, Schmitt B, Bardinet E, Bertasi E, Flamand-Roze C, Alexandre N, Delmaire C, Méneret A, Depienne C, Poupon C, Hertz-Pannier L, Cincotta M, Vidailhet M, Lehericy S, Meunier S, Roze E. RAD51 deficiency disrupts the corticospinal lateralization of motor control. Brain 2013; 136:3333-46. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awt258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Popa T, Velayudhan B, Hubsch C, Pradeep S, Roze E, Vidailhet M, Meunier S, Kishore A. Cerebellar processing of sensory inputs primes motor cortex plasticity. Cereb Cortex 2012; 23:305-14. [PMID: 22351647 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhs016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasticity of the human primary motor cortex (M1) has a critical role in motor control and learning. The cerebellum facilitates these functions using sensory feedback. We investigated whether cerebellar processing of sensory afferent information influences the plasticity of the primary motor cortex (M1). Theta-burst stimulation protocols (TBS), both excitatory and inhibitory, were used to modulate the excitability of the posterior cerebellar cortex and to condition an ongoing M1 plasticity. M1 plasticity was subsequently induced in 2 different ways: by paired associative stimulation (PAS) involving sensory processing and TBS that exclusively involves intracortical circuits of M1. Cerebellar excitation attenuated the PAS-induced M1 plasticity, whereas cerebellar inhibition enhanced and prolonged it. Furthermore, cerebellar inhibition abolished the topography-specific response of PAS-induced M1 plasticity, with the effects spreading to adjacent motor maps. Conversely, cerebellar excitation had no effect on the TBS-induced M1 plasticity. This demonstrates the key role of the cerebellum in priming M1 plasticity, and we propose that it is likely to occur at the thalamic or olivo-dentate nuclear level by influencing the sensory processing. We suggest that such a cerebellar priming of M1 plasticity could shape the impending motor command by favoring or inhibiting the recruitment of several muscle representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Popa
- Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche-CENIR, 75013 Paris, France.
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Hingray C, Maillard L, Hubsch C, Vignal JP, Bourgognon F, Laprevote V, Lerond J, Vespignani H, Schwan R. Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: characterization of two distinct patient profiles on the basis of trauma history. Epilepsy Behav 2011; 22:532-6. [PMID: 21962755 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2011.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This prospective study investigated and compared psychiatric features of 25 consecutive patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) on the basis of presence of reported trauma. The "trauma" group comprised 19 patients (76%) and the "no-trauma" group comprised 6 patients (34%). We compared history of PNES, psychiatric comorbidity, alexithymia, and symptoms of dissociation. The study clearly characterized two distinct profiles of patients with PNES on the basis of trauma history. Patients with trauma had at least one psychiatric comorbidity or antecedent (vs 0% in the no-trauma group NT, P<0.001) and a higher median score of dissociation (P<0.001). Patients without trauma had more frequent "frustration situations" as a factor triggering PNES and subsequent sick leaves as perpetuating factors (P=0.001). Trauma antecedents correlated with a high rate of psychiatric comorbidity and a strong dissociative mechanism. Patients without trauma had no psychiatric comorbidity and a weaker dissociative mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hingray
- CSAPA (Health Care Centre of Accompaniment and Prevention in Addictology), University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France.
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Hubsch C, Vidailhet M, Rivaud-Péchoux S, Pouget P, Brochard V, Degos B, Pélisson D, Golmard JL, Gaymard B, Roze E. Impaired saccadic adaptation in DYT11 dystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2011; 82:1103-6. [PMID: 21386109 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2010.232793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent neuroimaging studies point to a possible pathophysiological role of cerebellar dysfunction in dystonia. The authors investigated the association between sensorimotor adaptation, cerebellar dysfunction and the myoclonus-dystonia phenotype. METHODS The authors prospectively analysed reactive saccade adaptation in a genetically homogeneous group of 14 patients with DYT11 dystonia owing to a mutation of the SGCE gene. The authors used a backward reactive saccade adaptation task, a well-characterised experimental oculomotor paradigm involving the cerebellum. The principle of this paradigm is to simulate a spatial error in saccade generation by systematically shifting a visual target during saccade execution. Repetition of this systematic error induces a gradual decrease in the initial saccade amplitude, reflecting an adaptive phenomenon. RESULTS Saccade adaptation was significantly lower in the DYT11 patients than in healthy controls (mean value: 8.9%±4.5% vs 21.6%±4.5%; p=8.3×10(-6)). The time course of adaptation also differed between the patients and controls (p=0.002), reflecting the slower saccadic adaptation in the patients. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first neurophysiological evidence of cerebellar dysfunction in DYT11 dystonia and supports a role of cerebellar dysfunction in the myoclonus-dystonia phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Hubsch
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Neurology, Paris, France
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Hubsch C, Baumann C, Hingray C, Gospodaru N, Vignal JP, Vespignani H, Maillard L. Clinical classification of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures based on video-EEG analysis and automatic clustering. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2011; 82:955-60. [PMID: 21561887 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2010.235424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) or attacks consist of paroxysmal behavioural changes that resemble an epileptic seizure but are not associated with electrophysiological epileptic changes. They are caused by a psychopathological process and are primarily diagnosed on history and video-EEG. Clinical presentation comprises a wide range of symptoms and signs, which are individually neither totally specific nor sensitive, making positive diagnosis of PNES difficult. Consequently, PNES are often misdiagnosed as epilepsy. The aim of this study was to identify homogeneous groups of PNES based on specific combinations of clinical signs with a view to improving timely diagnosis. METHODS The authors first retrospectively analysed 22 clinical signs of 145 PNES recorded by video-EEG in 52 patients and then conducted a multiple correspondence analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. RESULTS Five clusters of signs were identified and named according to their main clinical features: dystonic attack with primitive gestural activity (31.6%); pauci-kinetic attack with preserved responsiveness (23.4%); pseudosyncope (16.9%); hyperkinetic prolonged attack with hyperventilation and auras (11.7%); axial dystonic prolonged attack (16.4%). When several attacks were recorded in the same patient, they were automatically classified in the same subtype in 61.5% of patients. CONCLUSION This study proposes an objective clinical classification of PNES based on automatic clustering of clinical signs observed on video-EEG. It also suggests that PNES are stereotyped in the same patient. Application of these findings could help provide an objective diagnosis of patients with PNES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Hubsch
- Central Hospital of Nancy, Department of Neurology, Nancy Cedex, France
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Auxéméry Y, Hubsch C, Fidelle G. Crises psychogènes non épileptiques. Revue de la littérature. Encephale 2011; 37:153-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2010.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Depienne C, Cincotta M, Billot S, Bouteiller D, Groppa S, Brochard V, Flamand C, Hubsch C, Meunier S, Giovannelli F, Klebe S, Corvol JC, Vidailhet M, Brice A, Roze E. A novel DCC mutation and genetic heterogeneity in congenital mirror movements. Neurology 2011; 76:260-4. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e318207b1e0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Hubsch C, Baumann C, Maillard L. P01-389 - Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: clinical classification based on the video-EEG analysis of 145 seizures. Eur Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(10)70597-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Sauvee M, Hubsch C, Pittion S, Debouverie M. F - 29 Prévalence et incidence de la SEP en Lorraine. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0035-3787(07)90861-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sauvee M, Hubsch C, Pittion S, Debouverie M. F - 30 Caractéristiques de la SEP d’emblée progressive. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0035-3787(07)90862-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Silva IM, Hubsch C, Ysern-Caldentey M. Erythrocyte osmotic fragility and cation concentrations during experimentally induced bovine anaplasmosis. Comp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol 1989; 94:455-9. [PMID: 2574096 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(89)90120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
1. The osmotic fragility, the concentrations of Na, K and Ca, the osmolality and the total ATPase activity of bovine erythrocytes from uninfected and Anaplasma marginale-infected bovines were studied in an attempt to correlate these parameters with the decrease in the cellular ATP concentration reported during bovine anaplasmosis. 2. The osmotic fragility found in infected bovine erythrocytes, at 0.52% NaCl, was about two times greater than that observed in non-infected bovines. The increase in osmotic fragility was directly related to the increase in intra-erythrocytic parasitemia. 3. The decrease in ATP concentration reported during bovine anaplasmosis could not be directly related to the increased fragility of these cells. The artificial depletion of erythrocytic ATP did not reproduce the same alteration in the osmotic response to NaCl. 4. The plasmatic and cytoplasmatic concentrations of Na, K and CA did not change significantly during bovine anaplasmosis, whereas the interior of the erythrocytes became hyperosmolal. 5. A. marginale-infected bovine erythrocyte membranes showed an increased ATPase activity when compared to control bovines. Parasite-enriched fractions also presented ATPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Silva
- Departamento Biología Celular, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela
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