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Lozowchuk A, Carroll JE, Hobel C, Coussons-Read M, Dunkel Schetter C, Ross KM. Partner relationship quality and IL-6:IL-10 trajectories from pregnancy to a year after-birth. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 114:407-413. [PMID: 37704011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory activity during pregnancy and the postpartum period shifts systematically due to pregnancy progression, delivery, and postpartum recovery. Factors that deregulate inflammatory activity increase the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes and slower postpartum recovery. The IL-6:IL-10 or TNF-α:IL-10 ratio is potentially one way to capture peripheral inflammatory regulation; higher values indicate that anti-inflammatory IL-10 is less effective at regulating pro-inflammatory TNF-α or IL-6, skewing towards maladaptive pro-inflammatory profiles. Associations between partner relationship quality and IL-6:IL-10 or TNF-α:IL-10 trajectories during pregnancy and the postpartum period have not been assessed. The purpose of this study was to test whether partner relationship quality (support, conflict) is associated with attenuated IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, TNF-α:IL-10 or IL-6:IL-10 trajectories from the third trimester to the postpartum period. METHODS A sample of 162 women from the Healthy Babies Before Birth study reported on partner relationship quality (support and conflict) using the Social Support Effectiveness Questionnaire during the third trimester. Plasma samples were collected in the third trimester and at 1-, 6- and 12-months postpartum, and assayed for TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10. Associations between both indicators of relationship quality (support and conflict) and TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-6:IL-10, TNF-α:IL-10 trajectories were tested using multi-level modelling, controlling for sociodemographic, pregnancy and health variables. RESULTS Partner support interacted with time to predict IL-6:IL-10 trajectories, linear: b = -0.176, SE = 0.067, p =.010, quadratic: b = 0.012, SE = 0.005, p =.009. Lower partner support was associated with steeper increases in IL-6:IL-10 from the third trimester to 6 months postpartum, followed by steeper decreases in IL-6:IL-10 from 6 months postpartum to a year after birth. Partner conflict was not associated with IL-6:IL-10 levels at study entry, b = 0.233, SE = 0.219, p =.290, or over time, p's > 0.782. Neither indicator of partner relationship quality was associated with TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, or TNF-α:IL-10 trajectories, p's > 0.205. CONCLUSION Lower partner support may be associated with reduced moderation of IL-6 by IL-10 between pregnancy and a year postpartum, with possible consequences for maternal health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judith E Carroll
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Calvin Hobel
- Cedar-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mary Coussons-Read
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
| | | | - Kharah M Ross
- Psychology Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Psychology, Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB, Canada.
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Ross KM, Mander H, Rinne G, Okun M, Hobel C, Coussons-Read M, Dunkel Schetter C. Pregnancy-specific anxiety and gestational length: The mediating role of diurnal cortisol indices. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 153:106114. [PMID: 37084672 PMCID: PMC10952551 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm birth or shorter gestation is a common adverse pregnancy outcome. Pregnancy-specific anxiety is robustly associated with risk for shorter gestation. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) dysregulation, indicated by diurnal cortisol index variability [slope, area-under-the-curve (AUC) or cortisol awakening response (CAR)], could mediate associations between pregnancy-specific anxiety and shorter gestation. The purpose of this study was to explore whether diurnal cortisol index variability mediates associations between pregnancy-specific anxiety and gestational length. METHODS A sample of 149 women from the Healthy Babies Before Birth study reported pregnancy-specific anxiety in early pregnancy. Saliva samples were taken at three times during pregnancy, for two days each, at wake, 30 min post wake, noon, and evening. Diurnal cortisol indices were calculated using standard approaches. Pregnancy cortisol index variability was calculated across pregnancy timepoints. Gestational length was derived from medical charts. Covariates were sociodemographics, parity and obstetric risk. Mediation models were tested using SPSS PROCESS. RESULTS There was a significant indirect effect of pregnancy-specific anxiety on gestational length via CAR variability, b(SE)= -0.102(0.057), .95CI [- 0.227,- 0.008]. Higher pregnancy-specific anxiety was associated with lower CAR variability, b(SE)= -0.019(0.008), p = .022, and lower CAR variability was associated with shorter gestation, b(SE)= 5.29(2.64), p = .047. Neither AUC or slope variability mediated associations between pregnancy-specific anxiety and gestational length. CONCLUSION Lower CAR variability during pregnancy mediated the association between higher pregnancy-specific anxiety and shorter gestational length. Pregnancy-specific anxiety could dysregulate HPA axis activity, as indicated by lower CAR variability, demonstrating the importance of the HPA axis system in regulating pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kharah M Ross
- Psychology Department, Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB, Canada; Psychology Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Harmeen Mander
- Psychology Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Gabrielle Rinne
- Psychology Department, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michele Okun
- Psychology Department, University of Colorado - Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
| | - Calvin Hobel
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mary Coussons-Read
- Psychology Department, University of Colorado - Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
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Galley JD, Mashburn-Warren L, Blalock LC, Lauber CL, Carroll JE, Ross KM, Hobel C, Coussons-Read M, Dunkel Schetter C, Gur TL. Maternal anxiety, depression and stress affects offspring gut microbiome diversity and bifidobacterial abundances. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 107:253-264. [PMID: 36240906 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncovering mechanisms underlying fetal programming during pregnancy is of critical importance. Atypical neurodevelopment during the pre- and immediate postnatal period has been associated with long-term adverse health outcomes, including mood disorders and aberrant cognitive ability in offspring. Maternal factors that have been implicated in anomalous offspring development include maternal inflammation and tress, anxiety, and depression. One potential mechanism through which these factors perturb normal offspring postnatal development is through microbiome disruption. The mother is a primary source of early postnatal microbiome seeding for the offspring, and the transference of a healthy microbiome is key in normal neurodevelopment. Since psychological stress, mood disorders, and inflammation have all been implicated in altering maternal microbiome community structure, passing on aberrant microbial communities to the offspring that may then affect developmental outcomes. Therefore, we examined how maternal stress, anxiety and depression assessed with standardized instruments, and maternal inflammatory cytokine levels in the pre- and postnatal period are associated with the offspring microbiome within the first 13 months of life, utilizing full length 16S sequencing on infant stool samples, that allowed for species-level resolution. Results revealed that infants of mothers who reported higher anxiety and perceived stress had reduced alpha diversity. Additionally, the relative taxonomic quantitative abundances of Bifidobacterium dentium and other species that have been associated with either modulation of the gut-brain axis, or other beneficial health outcomes, were reduced in the offspring of mothers with higher anxiety, perceived stress, and depression. We also found associations between bifidobacteria and prenatal maternal pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10. In summary, specific microbial taxa involved in maintaining proper brain and immune function are lower in offspring born to mothers with anxiety, depression, or stress, providing strong evidence for a mechanism by which maternal factors may affect offspring health through microbiota dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Galley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Lexie C Blalock
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christian L Lauber
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Judith E Carroll
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kharah M Ross
- Center for Social Sciences, Athabasca University, Athabasca, Alberta, Canada
| | - Calvin Hobel
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mary Coussons-Read
- Department of Psychology, The University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | | | - Tamar L Gur
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Schetter CD, Rahal D, Ponting C, Julian M, Ramos I, Hobel C, Coussons-Read M. Anxiety in pregnancy and length of gestation: Findings from the healthy babies before birth study. Health Psychol 2022; 41:894-903. [PMID: 36154104 PMCID: PMC9885848 DOI: 10.1037/hea0001210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Anxiety is prevalent in pregnancy and predicts risk of adverse birth outcomes. Many instruments measure anxiety in pregnancy, some of which assess pregnancy anxiety defined as maternal concerns about a current pregnancy (e.g., baby, childbirth). The present study examined covariance among four anxiety or distress measures at two times in pregnancy and tested joint and individual effects on gestational length. We hypothesized that the common variance of the measures in each trimester would predict earlier delivery. METHOD Research staff interviewed 196 women in first and third trimester utilizing a clinical screener of anxiety severity/impairment, two instruments measuring pregnancy anxiety, and one on prenatal distress. Birth outcomes and medical risk factors were obtained from medical records after birth. Structural equation modeling fit latent factors for each trimester from the four measures. Subsequent models tested whether the latent factors predicted gestational length, and unique effects of each measure. RESULTS The third-trimester pregnancy anxiety latent factor predicted shorter gestational length adjusting for mother's age, education, parity, and obstetric risk. Scores on a four-item pregnancy-specific anxiety measure (PSAS) in third trimester added uniquely to prediction of gestational length. In first trimester, scores on the clinical screener (OASIS) uniquely predicted shorter gestational length whereas the latent factor did not. CONCLUSION These results support existing evidence indicating that pregnancy anxiety is a reliable risk factor for earlier birth. Findings point to possible screening for clinically significant anxiety symptoms in the first trimester, and pregnancy-specific anxiety thereafter to advance efforts to prevent earlier delivery. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danny Rahal
- Departments of Psychology University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Carolyn Ponting
- Departments of Psychology University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Melissa Julian
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University
| | - Isabel Ramos
- Department of Chicano/Latino Studies, University of California, Irvine
| | - Calvin Hobel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
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Accortt E, Mirocha J, Jackman S, Coussons-Read M, Dunkel Schetter C, Hobel C. Association between diagnosed perinatal mood and anxiety disorders and adverse perinatal outcomes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 35:9066-9070. [PMID: 34879772 PMCID: PMC10024940 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.2014450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether a diagnosis of a perinatal mood and anxiety disorder (PMAD) is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. METHODS Mental health symptom screening and diagnostic data from 82 women with single gestation in the Healthy Babies Before Birth study conducted from 2013 to 2018 were obtained by clinic interview. If a woman scored over 10 on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) or endorsed the suicidality item; or scored over 7 on the Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale (OASIS), a Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) Axis I Disorders was administered. An adverse perinatal outcome was operationalized as a diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus, intrauterine growth restriction, preeclampsia, chorioamnionitis, hemorrhage, fetal death, preterm birth, or a low birthweight baby, and abstracted from the medical records. RESULTS Women were between 22.0 and 45.0 years old (Mean age = 33.1 ± 4.3). Mean BMI was 24.7 ± 5.6 (Range 16.8 to 47.1). Nineteen percent (16) of the 82 women had a SCID diagnosis of a PMAD. Thirty-seven percent (30) had a diagnosed adverse perinatal outcome. Multiple logistic regression was conducted with these predictors: SCID diagnosis of a PMAD, maternal age, BMI. All predictors were significant with respective odds ratios as follows: OR = 3.58, 95% CI 1.03-12.44, p = .045; OR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.21-4.38, p = .011; OR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.06-2.69, p = .027. CONCLUSIONS A PMAD diagnosis was associated with 3.5 times higher odds of having an adverse perinatal outcome. For every 5 years a woman aged or every five units her BMI increased her odds of having an adverse perinatal outcome increased. Older age and increased BMI are well established adverse perinatal outcome risk factors. These results suggest that mental illness risk should also be consistently assessed in obstetric settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eynav Accortt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James Mirocha
- Cedars-Sinai Biostatistics Core, Research Institute, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI), Clinical and Translational Research Center (CTRC), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan Jackman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mary Coussons-Read
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | | | - Calvin Hobel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Ross KM, Dunkel Schetter C, Carroll JE, Mancuso RA, Breen EC, Okun ML, Hobel C, Coussons-Read M. Inflammatory and immune marker trajectories from pregnancy to one-year post-birth. Cytokine 2021; 149:155758. [PMID: 34773858 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy is an immunomodulatory state, with reported systematic changes in inflammatory and immune activity by pregnancy stage. Published data are inconsistent as to how inflammatory and immune markers change and recover across pregnancy and the postpartum period, or the sociodemographic, health and pregnancy-related factors that could affect biomarker trajectories. The purpose of this study is to describe inflammatory and immune marker trajectories from pregnancy to a year post-birth, and to test associations with sociodemographic, health and pregnancy-related variables. METHODS A sample of 179 pregnant women were assessed three times during pregnancy (between 8 and 36 weeks gestation) and three times during the postpartum period (between 1 and 12 months). Maternal sociodemographic characteristics, health, and pregnancy factors were obtained at study entry. Blood samples from each assessment were assayed for interleukin(IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor(TNF)α, IL-8, IL-10, and interferon(IFN)γ. Multilevel modelling was used to characterize biomarker trajectories and associations with sociodemographic and health variables. RESULTS Distinct trajectories over time emerged for each biomarker. Male pregnancies were associated with higher TNFα, IL-10, and IFNγ; higher pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with higher IL-6 and IFNγ. Nulliparity was associated with greater increases in IL-6 and TNFα. CONCLUSIONS Patterns observed for inflammatory and immune markers from pregnancy to a year postpartum support the hypothesis that the maternal immune system changes systematically across pregnancy and through an extended postpartum period. Parity, pre-pregnancy BMI and child sex are associated with inflammatory marker patterns over time. These results contribute to our understanding of how immune system activity changes from pregnancy to the post-birth period, and the factors that could affect those changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kharah M Ross
- Centre for Social Sciences, Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB, Canada.
| | | | - Judith E Carroll
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roberta A Mancuso
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Regis University, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Breen
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michele L Okun
- University of Colorado - Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Calvin Hobel
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Carroll JE, Ross KM, Horvath S, Okun M, Hobel C, Rentscher KE, Coussons-Read M, Schetter CD. Postpartum sleep loss and accelerated epigenetic aging. Sleep Health 2021; 7:362-367. [PMID: 33903077 PMCID: PMC10027398 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient sleep has been linked to accelerated biological aging in adults, providing a possible mechanism through which sleep may influence disease risk. In the current paper, we test the hypothesis that short sleep in postpartum would predict older biological age in women one year post birth, as indicated by accelerated epigenetic aging. METHODS As part of a larger study of pregnancy and postpartum health (Healthy Babies Before Birth, HB3), 33 mothers provided blood samples for epigenetic aging clock estimates. intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (IEAA), extrinsic apigenetic age acceleration, phenotypic epigenetic age acceleration (PEAA), GrimAge, DNAmPAI-1, and DNAm telomere length (TL) were calculated using established protocols. Sleep duration was categorized as insufficient sleep (<7 hours per night) or healthy sleep duration (7+ hours per night). Sleep quality was determined using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (Global score >5). RESULTS Maternal postpartum sleep duration at 6 months, but not 12 months, following a birth was predictive of older 12-month IEAA, B (SE) = 3.0 (1.2), P = .02, PEAA, B (SE) = 7.3 (2.0), P = .002, and DNAmTL, B (SE) = -0.18 (0.07), P = .01, but not other indices, all P> .127. Self-reported poor sleep quality at 6 and 12 months was not significantly related to epigenetic age. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that insufficient sleep duration during the early postpartum period is associated with accelerated biological aging. As the sample size is small, additional research is warranted with a larger sample size to replicate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith E Carroll
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Kharah M Ross
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michele Okun
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Calvin Hobel
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kelly E Rentscher
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mary Coussons-Read
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress in pregnancy predicts adverse birth outcomes. Stressors occurring prior to conception may also pose risk for the mother and child. The few published studies on preconception stress test a single stress measure and examine only linear associations with birth outcomes. PURPOSE Guided by findings in the prenatal stress literature, the current study aimed to (i) identify latent factors from a set of preconception stress measures and (ii) examine linear and curvilinear associations between these stress factors and length of gestation. METHODS Study 1 utilized a sample of 2,637 racially/ethnically diverse women to develop a measurement model of maternal stress from assessments of seven acute and chronic stress measures. Factor analysis revealed three latent factors representing stressors (life events, financial strain, interpersonal violence, discrimination), stress appraisals (perceived stress, parenting stress), and chronic relationship stress (family, partner stress). Study 2 examined the associations of these three latent preconception stress factors with the length of gestation of a subsequent pregnancy in the subset of 360 women who became pregnant within 4.5 years. RESULTS Controlling for prenatal medical risks, there was a significant linear effect of stress appraisals on the length of gestation such that more perceived stress was associated with shorter gestation. There was a curvilinear effect of stressors on the length of gestation with moderate levels associated with longer gestation. CONCLUSIONS These results have implications for research on intergenerational origins of developmental adversities and may guide preconception prevention efforts. Findings also inform approaches to the study of stress as a multidimensional construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Mahrer
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Psychology Department, University of La Verne, CA, USA
| | - C M Guardino
- Department of Psychology, Dickinson College, PA, USA
| | - C Hobel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai, CA, USA
| | - C Dunkel Schetter
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Ross KM, Carroll JE, Dunkel Schetter C, Hobel C, Cole SW. Pro-inflammatory immune cell gene expression during the third trimester of pregnancy is associated with shorter gestational length and lower birthweight. Am J Reprod Immunol 2019; 82:e13190. [PMID: 31529581 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Altered maternal immune function predicts risk for shorter gestation and low birthweight. Few studies examine associations between prenatal immune cell gene expression and gestational length or birthweight. No studies examine which cell types drive associations. The purpose of this study is to explore associations between peripheral blood immune cell gene expression and gestational length and birthweight, using transcript origin analysis. METHOD OF STUDY Eighty-nine women were drawn from the Community Child Health Network cohort. Third trimester maternal dried blood spots were used for genome-wide transcriptional (mRNA) profiling. Gestational length and birthweight were obtained from medical charts. Covariates were age, race/ethnicity, pre-pregnancy body mass index, smoking, gestational age at blood sampling, and pregnancy infections. Associations between gene expression profiles and gestational length and birthweight were tested using general linear models. The Transcription Element Listening System (TELiS) bioinformatics analysis quantified upstream transcription factor activity. Transcript origin analysis identified leukocyte subsets mediating observed effects. RESULTS Shorter gestation was predicted by increased NF-kB (TFBM ratio = -0.582 ± 0.172, P < .001) and monocyte activity (diagnosticity score = 0.172 ± 0.054, P < .001). Longer gestation was associated with increased dendritic cell activity (diagnosticity score = 0.194 ± 0.039, P < .001). Increased AP-1 activity predicted lower birthweight (TFBM ratio = -0.240 ± 0.111, P = .031). Dendritic cells and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells predicted birthweight-related gene expression differences (diagnosticity score P's < 0.021). CONCLUSION Higher third trimester pro-inflammatory gene expression predicted shorter gestation and lower birthweight. Variations in monocyte and dendritic cell biology contributed to both effects, and T-cell biology contributed to higher birthweight. These analyses clarify the role of myeloid/lymphoid lineage immune regulation in pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kharah M Ross
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
| | - Judith E Carroll
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Calvin Hobel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Steve W Cole
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Török M, Pasternak A, Hobel C, Korányi L, Doszpod J. Intercontinental videoconferences between US and Hungarian obstetricians: a 30-month study. J Telemed Telecare 2016; 10:236-8. [PMID: 15326734 DOI: 10.1258/1357633041424359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Over 30 months, 19 videoconferences were held between the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Semmelweis University in Budapest. Videoconferences used ISDN transmission at 384 kbit/s. In the main part of each videoconference a US expert presented various clinical topics. Every videoconference was recorded and later evaluated by two independent Hungarian researchers. The novelty of the information was scored on a Likert scale from 0 (low) to 10 (high). The novelty scores ranged from 0 to 8, with a tendency to low scores. There was a significant negative correlation between the novelty scores and the number of questions discussed during the videoconferences ( r = -0.63). There was also a significant negative correlation between novelty scores and the length of discussions ( r = -0.84). Medical expertise and practice were quite similar in the two institutions. The presentations on matters that were more familiar to the audience generated longer discussions and led to the sharing of experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Török
- Semmelweiss University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
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Lamb A, Hobel C, Pepkowitz S, Holmquist B, Young D, Wallston K, Lutenbacher M. 763: Vitamin D deficiency and depressive symptoms in the perinatal period: a prospective study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.10.969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Endres LK, Straub H, McKinney C, Plunkett B, Minkovitz CS, Schetter CD, Ramey S, Wang C, Hobel C, Raju T, Shalowitz MU. Postpartum weight retention risk factors and relationship to obesity at 1 year. Obstet Gynecol 2015; 125:144-152. [PMID: 25560116 PMCID: PMC4286308 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000000565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore risk factors for postpartum weight retention at 1 year after delivery in predominantly low-income women. METHODS Data were collected from 774 women with complete height and weight information from participants in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Community Child Health Network, a national five-site, prospective cohort study. Participants were enrolled primarily in the hospitals immediately after delivery. Maternal interviews conducted at 1, 6, and 12 months postpartum identified risk factors for weight retention and included direct measurement of height and weight at 6 and 12 months. Logistic regression assessed the independent contribution of postpartum weight retention on obesity. RESULTS Women had a mean prepregnancy weight of 161.5 lbs (body mass index [BMI] 27.7). Women gained a mean of 32 lbs while pregnant and had a 1-year mean postpartum weight of 172.6 lbs (BMI 29.4). Approximately 75% of women were heavier 1 year postpartum than they were prepregnancy, including 47.4% retaining more than 10 lbs and 24.2% more than 20 lbs. Women retaining at least 20 lbs were more often African American, younger, poor, less educated, or on public insurance. Race and socioeconomic disparities were associated with high prepregnancy BMI and excessive weight gain during pregnancy, associations that were attenuated by breastfeeding at 6 months and moderate exercise. Of the 39.8 with normal prepregnancy BMI, one third became overweight or obese 1 year postpartum. CONCLUSION Postpartum weight retention is a significant contributor to the risk for obesity 1 year postpartum, including for women of normal weight prepregnancy. Postpartum, potentially modifiable behaviors may lower the risk. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loraine K Endres
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; the Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; the Department of Psychology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Virginia Polytechnical Institute and State University, Roanoke, Virginia; and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
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Ritz B, Qiu J, Lee PC, Lurmann F, Penfold B, Erin Weiss R, McConnell R, Arora C, Hobel C, Wilhelm M. Prenatal air pollution exposure and ultrasound measures of fetal growth in Los Angeles, California. Environ Res 2014; 130:7-13. [PMID: 24517884 PMCID: PMC4016959 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few previous studies examined the impact of prenatal air pollution exposures on fetal development based on ultrasound measures during pregnancy. METHODS In a prospective birth cohort of more than 500 women followed during 1993-1996 in Los Angeles, California, we examined how air pollution impacts fetal growth during pregnancy. Exposure to traffic related air pollution was estimated using CALINE4 air dispersion modeling for nitrogen oxides (NOx) and a land use regression (LUR) model for nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and NOx. Exposures to carbon monoxide (CO), NO2, ozone (O3) and particles <10μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) were estimated using government monitoring data. We employed a linear mixed effects model to estimate changes in fetal size at approximately 19, 29 and 37 weeks gestation based on ultrasound. RESULTS Exposure to traffic-derived air pollution during 29 to 37 weeks was negatively associated with biparietal diameter at 37 weeks gestation. For each interquartile range (IQR) increase in LUR-based estimates of NO, NO2 and NOx, or freeway CALINE4 NOx we estimated a reduction in biparietal diameter of 0.2-0.3mm. For women residing within 5km of a monitoring station, we estimated biparietal diameter reductions of 0.9-1.0mm per IQR increase in CO and NO2. Effect estimates were robust to adjustment for a number of potential confounders. We did not observe consistent patterns for other growth endpoints we examined. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to traffic-derived pollution was negatively associated with fetal head size measured as biparietal diameter in late pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA; The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Jiaheng Qiu
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pei-Chen Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
| | | | | | - Robert Erin Weiss
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chander Arora
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Calvin Hobel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Wilhelm
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
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Davis EP, Buss C, Muftuler LT, Head K, Hasso A, Wing DA, Hobel C, Sandman CA. Children's Brain Development Benefits from Longer Gestation. Front Psychol 2011; 2:1. [PMID: 21713130 PMCID: PMC3111445 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruptions to brain development associated with shortened gestation place individuals at risk for the development of behavioral and psychological dysfunction throughout the lifespan. The purpose of the present study was to determine if the benefit for brain development conferred by increased gestational length exists on a continuum across the gestational age spectrum among healthy children with a stable neonatal course. Neurodevelopment was evaluated with structural magnetic resonance imaging in 100 healthy right-handed 6- to 10-year-old children born between 28 and 41 gestational weeks with a stable neonatal course. Data indicate that a longer gestational period confers an advantage for neurodevelopment. Longer duration of gestation was associated with region-specific increases in gray matter density. Further, the benefit of longer gestation for brain development was present even when only children born full term were considered. These findings demonstrate that even modest decreases in the duration of gestation can exert profound and lasting effects on neurodevelopment for both term and preterm infants and may contribute to long-term risk for health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elysia Poggi Davis
- Women and Children's Health and Well-Being Project, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine Orange, CA, USA
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Abdou CM, Schetter CD, Jones F, Roubinov D, Tsai S, Jones L, Lu M, Hobel C. Community perspectives: mixed-methods investigation of culture, stress, resilience, and health. Ethn Dis 2010; 20:S2-48. [PMID: 20629246 PMCID: PMC5370162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite well-documented ethnic and socioeconomic disparities, our understanding of child, maternal and family health is based disproportionately on White middle-class populations in the United States. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development funded the Community Child Health Network (CCHN) in 2004, a partnership of five academic institutions and community organizations, to collaborate in the design and conduct of a study to foster new understandings of these disparities. Reported here are findings from a pilot study conducted at one site to inform CCHN regarding community views of stress, coping resources, family and health. Mixed-methods (qualitative and quantitative) interviews were conducted with 54 adult participants recruited from public healthcare clinics to obtain both their self-reports and their reports of their communities' perspectives. Findings include the pervasiveness of experiences of racism and gender differences in support seeking and coping behavior. There was little recognition of some common health conditions, such as low birth weight and preterm birth, which disproportionately affect poor and minority communities. Many indicators of strength and resilience in individuals, families, and the communities at large emerged in these interviews. Communities were described as valuing achievement and upward mobility. Participants also indicated an intuitive understanding of effective parenting and of the roles of nature (genetics) and nurture (environment and behavior) in determining child health. The results inform intervention and stress research in underrepresented communities.
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Entringer S, Buss C, Demet A, Arora C, Wadhwa P, Hobel C. 288: Homeostatic implications for a relationship between placental corticotrophin-releasing hormone (PCRH) and umbilical artery blood flow in human pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.10.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Arora C, Kim M, Adeniji A, Jackman S, Yadegari P, Hobel C. 552: Elevated urinary isoprostanes in early pregnancy are associated with subsequent fetal growth restriction. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.09.582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Kim M, Arora C, Adeniji A, Hobel C. 541: Diabetes in pregnancy is associated with oxidative stress: Longitudinal isoprostane expression. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.09.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Han C, Gornbein J, Hobel C. 315: Maternal age does not affect uterine artery doppler velocimetry in normal pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.09.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Adeniji A, Arora C, Kim M, Hobel C. 45: Urinary isoprostane levels show a biphasic pattern in patients who develop preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the role of psychosocial stress in racial differences in birth outcomes. DESIGN Maternal health, sociodemographic factors, and 3 forms of stress (general stress, pregnancy stress, and perceived racism) were assessed prospectively in a sample of 51 African American and 73 non-Hispanic White pregnant women. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The outcomes of interest were birth weight and gestational age at delivery. Only predictive models of birth weight were tested as the groups did not differ significantly in gestational age. RESULTS Perceived racism and indicators of general stress were correlated with birth weight and tested in regression analyses. In the sample as a whole, lifetime and childhood indicators of perceived racism predicted birth weight and attenuated racial differences, independent of medical and sociodemographic control variables. Models within each race group showed that perceived racism was a significant predictor of birth weight in African Americans, but not in non-Hispanic Whites. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide further evidence that racism may play an important role in birth outcome disparities, and they are among the first to indicate the significance of psychosocial factors that occur early in the life course for these specific health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyan Parker Dominguez
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0411, USA.
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22
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Equils O, Uh A, Blue C, Gonzalez G, Hobel C. 100: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation induces corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) expression through MyD88 in trophoblast cells. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.10.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Arora C, Adeniji A, Hobel C. 428: Reduced maternal vitamin D levels are associated with increased rate of infection in pregnancies with male fetuses. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.10.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Davis EP, Glynn LM, Schetter CD, Hobel C, Chicz-Demet A, Sandman CA. Prenatal exposure to maternal depression and cortisol influences infant temperament. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007; 46:737-746. [PMID: 17513986 DOI: 10.1097/chi.0b013e318047b775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence indicates that prenatal maternal and fetal processes can have a lasting influence on infant and child development. Results from animal models indicate that prenatal exposure to maternal stress and stress hormones has lasting consequences for development of the offspring. Few prospective studies of human pregnancy have examined the consequences of prenatal exposure to stress and stress hormones. METHOD In this study the effects of prenatal maternal psychosocial (anxiety, depression, and perceived stress) and endocrine (cortisol) indicators of stress on infant temperament were examined in a sample of 247 full-term infants. Maternal salivary cortisol and psychological state were evaluated at 18-20, 24-26, and 30-32 weeks of gestation and at 2 months postpartum. Infant temperament was assessed with a measure of negative reactivity (the fear subscale of the Infant Temperament Questionnaire) at 2 months of age. RESULTS Elevated maternal cortisol at 30-32 weeks of gestation, but not earlier in pregnancy, was significantly associated with greater maternal report of infant negative reactivity. Prenatal maternal anxiety and depression additionally predicted infant temperament. The associations between maternal cortisol and maternal depression remained after controlling for postnatal maternal psychological state. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that prenatal exposure to maternal stress has consequences for the development of infant temperament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elysia Poggi Davis
- Drs. Davis, Glynn, Chicz-Demet, and Sandman are with the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine; Dr. Dunkel Schetter is with the Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles; and Dr. Hobel is with Maternal Fetal Medicine at Cedars Sinai.
| | - Laura M Glynn
- Drs. Davis, Glynn, Chicz-Demet, and Sandman are with the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine; Dr. Dunkel Schetter is with the Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles; and Dr. Hobel is with Maternal Fetal Medicine at Cedars Sinai
| | - Christine Dunkel Schetter
- Drs. Davis, Glynn, Chicz-Demet, and Sandman are with the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine; Dr. Dunkel Schetter is with the Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles; and Dr. Hobel is with Maternal Fetal Medicine at Cedars Sinai
| | - Calvin Hobel
- Drs. Davis, Glynn, Chicz-Demet, and Sandman are with the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine; Dr. Dunkel Schetter is with the Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles; and Dr. Hobel is with Maternal Fetal Medicine at Cedars Sinai
| | - Aleksandra Chicz-Demet
- Drs. Davis, Glynn, Chicz-Demet, and Sandman are with the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine; Dr. Dunkel Schetter is with the Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles; and Dr. Hobel is with Maternal Fetal Medicine at Cedars Sinai
| | - Curt A Sandman
- Drs. Davis, Glynn, Chicz-Demet, and Sandman are with the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine; Dr. Dunkel Schetter is with the Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles; and Dr. Hobel is with Maternal Fetal Medicine at Cedars Sinai
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Edwards-Silva R, Ogunyemi D, Gornbein J, Gregory K, Hobel C. Ethnic variations of sexual dimorphism in fetal growth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.10.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Sandman CA, Glynn L, Schetter CD, Wadhwa P, Garite T, Chicz-DeMet A, Hobel C. Elevated maternal cortisol early in pregnancy predicts third trimester levels of placental corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH): priming the placental clock. Peptides 2006; 27:1457-63. [PMID: 16309788 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2005] [Revised: 10/03/2005] [Accepted: 10/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to determine the intervals when placental corticotrophic-releasing hormone (CRH) was most responsive to maternal cortisol. A sample of 203 women each were evaluated at 15, 19, 25 and 31 weeks gestation and followed to term. Placental CRH and maternal adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), B-endorphin and cortisol were determined from plasma. CRH levels increased faster and were higher in women who delivered preterm compared with women who delivered at term (F3,603 = 5.73, p < .001). Simple effects indicated that CRH levels only at 31 weeks predicted preterm birth (F1,201 = 5.53, p = .02). Levels of cortisol were higher in women who delivered preterm at 15 weeks gestation (F1,201 = 4.45, p = .03) with a similar trend at 19 weeks gestation. Hierarchical regression suggested that the influence on birth outcome of maternal cortisol early in pregnancy was mediated by its influence on placental CRH at 31 weeks. Elevated cortisol at 15 weeks predicted the surge in placental CRH at 31 weeks (R = .49, d.f. = 1,199, Fchange = 61.78, p < .0001). Every unit of change in cortisol (microg/dl) at 15 weeks was associated with a 34 unit change of CRH (pg/ml) at 31 weeks. These findings suggested that early detection of stress signals by the placenta stimulated the subsequent release of CRH and resulted in increased risk for preterm delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curt A Sandman
- Women and Children's Health and Well-Being Project, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, 333 City Drive West, Suite 1200, Orange, CA 92868, USA.
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Fortunato S, Menon R, Hobel C, Arora C. Inflammatory cytokines and CRH document ethnic disparity in spontaneous preterm delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.10.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Equils O, Doran K, McGregor J, Hobel C. Group B streptococcus infection induces trophoblast apoptosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.10.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Davis EP, Glynn LM, Dunkel Schetter C, Hobel C, Chicz-Demet A, Sandman CA. Corticotropin-releasing hormone during pregnancy is associated with infant temperament. Dev Neurosci 2005; 27:299-305. [PMID: 16137987 DOI: 10.1159/000086709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2004] [Accepted: 01/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is released into maternal and fetal circulation from the placenta. Elevated concentrations of placental CRH are associated with spontaneous preterm birth, but the consequences for infant development, independent of birth outcome, are unknown. In this study, the effects of placental CRH on infant temperament were examined in a sample of 248 full-term infants. Maternal blood samples were collected at 19, 25 and 31 weeks of gestation for CRH analysis. Infant temperament was assessed with measures of fear and distress at 2 months of age. Infants of mothers with low CRH at 25 weeks of gestation scored lower in fear and distress at 2 months. CRH at 19 and 31 weeks' gestation was not significantly associated with measures of infant temperament, suggesting the possibility that there is a sensitive period for its effects. These data suggest that prenatal exposure to CRH may exert influences that persist into the postnatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elysia Poggi Davis
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92677, USA.
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Dominguez TP, Schetter CD, Mancuso R, Rini CM, Hobel C. Stress in african american pregnancies: testing the roles of various stress concepts in prediction of birth outcomes. Ann Behav Med 2005; 29:12-21. [PMID: 15677296 DOI: 10.1207/s15324796abm2901_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The persistently higher rates of adverse birth outcomes among African American women are a major public health concern. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore the relations among psychosocial stress, socioeconomic status, and birth outcomes in African American women. METHODS A prospective survey research design was used to measure stress exposure, subjective responses to stressors, including intrusive effects of life events, and medical and sociodemographic variables in a sample of 178 pregnant African American women. Birth outcomes were obtained from medical charts. RESULTS Life event exposure was high, but levels of perceived stress and negative emotional responses were low to moderate. Lower income African American women reported significantly greater pregnancy undesirability than higher income African American women. Educational attainment was not related to any of the stress variables, and neither income nor educational attainment was significantly related to birth outcomes. Number of stressful life events significantly predicted 3% additional variance in gestational age after controlling for potential confounders. Psychosocial stress variables altogether accounted for 7% additional variance in gestational age-adjusted birth weight, with event distress and intrusive thoughts concerning severe life events emerging as the significant independent stress predictors. CONCLUSIONS These results contribute to our understanding of the complex etiological processes involved in African American birth outcomes and set the stage for further research into their reproductive health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyan Parker Dominguez
- School of Social Work, M.R. Fisher Building, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0411, USA.
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Graupe M, Hobel C. Screening for intrauterine growth restriction using second trimester doppler ultrasound. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2003.10.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests that maternal psychosocial stress, strenuous physical activity and fasting are independent risk factors for preterm birth and low birth weight. Data from clinical studies consistently demonstrate that women in preterm labor have significantly elevated levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone compared with age-matched control subjects. Because production of corticotropin-releasing hormone appears to be stress sensitive, this neuropeptide may play a critical role in the physiological mediation among stressful experiences, work stress and fasting and risk of preterm birth. In addition to the direct effect of elevated corticotropin-releasing hormone on the initiation of labor, it may have an immunomodulatory effect such that women with high levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone may be more susceptible to infection or the pathological consequences of infection. We review the epidemiological data linking maternal stress, physical stain and fasting to preterm birth and low birth weight and review the plausible biological pathways through which these exposures may increase risk of preterm birth. The timing of these exposures is considered important. Future research and clinical programs addressing these exposures must consider assessments and interventions before pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Hobel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Burns and Allen Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Abstract
Management of the patient with premature rupture of membranes is a relatively common but often perplexing problem frequently faced by the obstetrician. Despite the recent advances in perinatal care, premature membrane rupture, especially in the preterm patient, remains a potentially serious complication with important maternal and fetal implications. This review will address the important questions concerning the management of premature rupture of membranes and will attempt to provide comprehensive answers as they appear in the medical literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Naylor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Burns and Allen Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the clinical decisions, knowledge, opinions, and education of obstetricians and gynecologists about antenatal corticosteroids. METHODS Questionnaires mailed to 1020 ACOG Fellows included items on demographics, knowledge, clinical practice patterns, and educational background regarding antenatal corticosteroids. RESULTS The survey response rate was 47.8%. Almost all respondents (94%) reported administering antenatal corticosteroids, with reduction of respiratory distress syndrome (82%) as the primary reason for antenatal corticosteroid administration. Most (59.2%) were unaware of newly recognized associations between multiple administrations of corticosteroids and fetal growth restriction. In hypothetical clinical situations, responses by physicians who completed their residency training before 1970 indicated less likelihood to administer corticosteroids when administration is relatively indicated per National Institutes of Health (NIH) and ACOG guidelines than those trained later (P <.001). Only 8% of the entire sample rated their knowledge of antenatal corticosteroids as comprehensive; most (68%) rated it as adequate. Respondents rated residency training as a much better source of antenatal corticosteroid knowledge than medical school. CONCLUSION Most obstetrician-gynecologists reported using antenatal corticosteroids; however, in general, many were not aware of more recent information regarding potential risks. This survey suggests that a multipronged educational approach is warranted to update obstetrician-gynecologists about antenatal corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Erickson
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Washington, DC 20024, USA
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Ross MG, Sandhu M, Bemis R, Nessim S, Bragonier JR, Hobel C. The West Los Angeles Preterm Birth Prevention Project: II. Cost-effectiveness analysis of high-risk pregnancy interventions. Obstet Gynecol 1994; 83:506-11. [PMID: 8134058 DOI: 10.1097/00006250-199404000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the cost-effectiveness of the West Los Angeles Preterm Birth Prevention Project. METHODS Maternal and neonatal care data were collected on all preterm deliveries (150) and a random sample of term deliveries (140) from high-risk patients at both experimental and control clinic sites. Costs were determined for prenatal care, inpatient preterm labor, delivery and postpartum care, and newborn care. Cost calculations, weighted by the actual proportions of term and preterm births, were confirmed with square-root transformation and trimmed mean (2%) values. RESULTS When compared to control clinic high-risk patients, experimental clinic high-risk patients had an average cost savings of $2196 for newborn care (P = .02), resulting in a net savings of $1768 per high-risk mother-infant pair. Births before 32 weeks' gestation accounted for the greatest mean cost. CONCLUSION Programs of comprehensive prenatal care and patient education may be highly cost-effective for prevention of prematurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Ross
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center
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Casimiri V, Cohen WR, Parvez S, Hobel C, Parvez H. Phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase and catechol-O-methyl transferase activity in rat uterus. Cyclic and steroid-induced changes. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1993; 72:606-10. [PMID: 8259745 DOI: 10.3109/00016349309021151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The activity of phenylethanolamine-N-methyl-transferase (PNMT) and catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT) was studied in uterine homogenates from adult female Wistar rats with normal cycles and that had been ovariectomized, adrenalectomized, and steroid-treated. RESULTS Activities of the two enzymes changed significantly during the normal estrus cycle. Both peaked during metestrus, with COMT showing a secondary peak of activity at proestrus. Progesterone treatment significantly increased and estradiol decreased PNMT activity in comparison to untreated controls. Hydrocortisone administration had no effect on uterine PNMT activity. COMT activity was not affected significantly by any of the steroid treatments. CONCLUSION The data confirm that uterine tissues possess the enzymatic machinery to synthesize epinephrine from norepinephrine, and suggest the activity of this pathway may be mediated by variations in the sex hormone environment of the uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Casimiri
- Neuropharmacology Unit, University of Paris XI, Orsay, France
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Casimiri V, Acker G, Parvez S, Parvez H, Castro L, Hobel C, Papiernik E. Characterization of enzymes of catecholamine synthesis and metabolism in human fetal membranes at birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 164:599-603. [PMID: 1992709 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9378(11)80030-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We looked for the presence of the enzymes monoamine oxidase, catechol-O-methyltransferase, and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase in human fetal membranes at term. The activity of all three enzymes was detected via highly sensitive and selective radiometric enzyme assays. The most novel finding was the extremely high level of monoamine oxidase activity in the chorion compared with that in the amnion. The other enzyme of catecholamine metabolism, catechol-O-methyltransferase, did not show any difference in activity between the two layers. In addition, we observed that the enzyme phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase, which is primarily located in the adrenal medulla, was also present in appreciable levels in the two layers of fetal membranes. These results suggest that fetal membranes, like the placenta, possess the enzymatic machinery to metabolize catecholamines and have the capacity to synthesize epinephrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Casimiri
- Unite de Neuropharmacologie, Universite Paris XI, Centre d'Orsay, France
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Padbury JF, Klein AH, Polk DH, Lam RW, Hobel C, Fisher DA. Effect of thyroid status on lung and heart beta-adrenergic receptors in fetal and newborn sheep. Dev Pharmacol Ther 1986; 9:44-53. [PMID: 3004849 DOI: 10.1159/000457075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of altered thyroid status on the development of beta-adrenergic receptor (BAR) density and affinity was investigated in ovine fetal and newborn heart and lung. Fetal (119-121 days gestation) and newborn (2-3 days of age) sheep underwent either thyroidectomy alone, thyroidectomy plus infusion of a large dose of T3 or sham operation. Eight days later BAR were measured in heart and lung using the tritiated radioligand dihydroalprenolol. There was no apparent effect of altered thyroid status on fetal heart or lung BAR density or affinity. In contrast, the newborns thyroidectomized and infused with T3 had a 96% increase in heart BAR density and an 83% increase in lung BAR compared to the thyroidectomized only or sham-operated newborns which were similar. These results suggest that in the near term ovine fetus heart and lung tissue BAR are neither dependent on nor responsive to thyroid hormones, whereas in the newborn period heart and lung BAR are highly responsive to thyroid hormones.
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Ross MG, Ervin MG, Leake RD, Oakes G, Hobel C, Fisher DA. Bulk flow of amniotic fluid water in response to maternal osmotic challenge. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983; 147:697-701. [PMID: 6416072 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(83)90454-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Amniotic fluid volume is regulated by a complex system of fluid exchanges with fetal and maternal fluid compartments. To assess possible hormonal control of amniotic fluid water exchange with the maternal vascular compartment, we studied the effect of intra-amniotic injections of prolactin, vasopressin, or vasotocin on the amniotic to maternal water flux induced by the acute intravenous infusion of mannitol to the pregnant ewe. This mannitol stimulus increased amniotic fluid osmolality secondary to a shift of free water to the maternal vascular/extracellular compartments. Prior intra-amniotic injection of prolactin but not vasopressin or vasotocin blunted the amniotic fluid osmolar response to maternal mannitol infusion. These results suggest that resorption of amniotic fluid water may occur at the chorioamnion and that amniotic fluid prolactin may have a regulatory function in amniotic fluid volume and osmolar homeostasis.
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Territo M, Finklestein J, Oh W, Hobel C, Kattlove H. Management of autoimmune thrombocytopenia in pregnancy and in the neonate. Obstet Gynecol 1973; 41:579-84. [PMID: 4540509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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