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Rowan CM, LaBere B, Young CC, Zambrano LD, Newhams MM, Kucukak S, McNamara ER, Mack EH, Fitzgerald JC, Irby K, Maddux AB, Schuster JE, Kong M, Dapul H, Schwartz SP, Bembea MM, Loftis LL, Kolmar AR, Babbitt CJ, Nofziger RA, Hall MW, Gertz SJ, Cvijanovich NZ, Zinter MS, Halasa NB, Bradford TT, McLaughlin GE, Singh AR, Hobbs CV, Wellnitz K, Staat MA, Coates BM, Crandall HR, Maamari M, Havlin KM, Schwarz AJ, Carroll CL, Levy ER, Moffitt KL, Campbell AP, Randolph AG, Chou J. Pre-existing Immunocompromising Conditions and Outcomes of Acute COVID-19 Patients Admitted for Pediatric Intensive Care. Clin Infect Dis 2024:ciae133. [PMID: 38465976 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciae133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to determine if pre-existing immunocompromising conditions (ICCs) were associated with the presentation or outcome of patients with acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) admitted for pediatric intensive care. METHODS 55 hospitals in 30 U.S. states reported cases through the Overcoming COVID-19 public health surveillance registry. Patients <21 years admitted March 12, 2020-December 30, 2021 to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) or high acuity unit for acute COVID-19 were included. RESULTS Of 1,274 patients, 105 (8.2%) had an ICC including 33 (31.4%) hematologic malignancies, 24 (22.9%) primary immunodeficiencies and disorders of hematopoietic cells, 19 (18.1%) nonmalignant organ failure with solid organ transplantation, 16 (15.2%) solid tumors and 13 (12.4%) autoimmune disorders. Patients with ICCs were older, had more underlying renal conditions, and had lower white blood cell and platelet counts than those without ICCs, but had similar clinical disease severity upon admission. In-hospital mortality from COVID-19 was higher (11.4% vs. 4.6%, p = 0.005) and hospitalization was longer (p = 0.01) in patients with ICCs. New major morbidities upon discharge were not different between those with and without ICC (10.5% vs 13.9%, p = 0.40). In patients with ICC, bacterial co-infection was more common in those with life-threatening COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS In this national case series of patients <21 years of age with acute COVID-19 admitted for intensive care, existence of a prior ICCs were associated with worse clinical outcomes. Reassuringly, most patients with ICCs hospitalized in the PICU for severe acute COVID-19 survived and were discharged home without new severe morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Rowan
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Brenna LaBere
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Pulmonology, Section of Allergy-Immunology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Cameron C Young
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Laura D Zambrano
- Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Margaret M Newhams
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Suden Kucukak
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Elizabeth R McNamara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Elizabeth H Mack
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Julie C Fitzgerald
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Katherine Irby
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR
| | - Aline B Maddux
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Jennifer E Schuster
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Michele Kong
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Heda Dapul
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York, NY
| | - Stephanie P Schwartz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Melania M Bembea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Laura L Loftis
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Amanda R Kolmar
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Christopher J Babbitt
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach, CA
| | - Ryan A Nofziger
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH
| | - Mark W Hall
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Shira J Gertz
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Cooperman Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ
| | - Natalie Z Cvijanovich
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA
| | - Matt S Zinter
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Critical Care Medicine and Allergy, Immunology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Natasha B Halasa
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Tamara T Bradford
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA
| | - Gwenn E McLaughlin
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Aalok R Singh
- Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | - Charlotte V Hobbs
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Kari Wellnitz
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Mary A Staat
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Bria M Coates
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Hillary R Crandall
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah and Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Mia Maamari
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center Dallas, TX
| | - Kevin M Havlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Louisville, and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY
| | - Adam J Schwarz
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Health Orange County (CHOC), Orange, CA
| | | | - Emily R Levy
- Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Kristin L Moffitt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Angela P Campbell
- Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Adrienne G Randolph
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Departments of Anesthesia and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Janet Chou
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Shi Y, Reker D, Byrne JD, Kirtane AR, Hess K, Wang Z, Navamajiti N, Young CC, Fralish Z, Zhang Z, Lopes A, Soares V, Wainer J, von Erlach T, Miao L, Langer R, Traverso G. Screening oral drugs for their interactions with the intestinal transportome via porcine tissue explants and machine learning. Nat Biomed Eng 2024; 8:278-290. [PMID: 38378821 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01128-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
In vitro systems that accurately model in vivo conditions in the gastrointestinal tract may aid the development of oral drugs with greater bioavailability. Here we show that the interaction profiles between drugs and intestinal drug transporters can be obtained by modulating transporter expression in intact porcine tissue explants via the ultrasound-mediated delivery of small interfering RNAs and that the interaction profiles can be classified via a random forest model trained on the drug-transporter relationships. For 24 drugs with well-characterized drug-transporter interactions, the model achieved 100% concordance. For 28 clinical drugs and 22 investigational drugs, the model identified 58 unknown drug-transporter interactions, 7 of which (out of 8 tested) corresponded to drug-pharmacokinetic measurements in mice. We also validated the model's predictions for interactions between doxycycline and four drugs (warfarin, tacrolimus, digoxin and levetiracetam) through an ex vivo perfusion assay and the analysis of pharmacologic data from patients. Screening drugs for their interactions with the intestinal transportome via tissue explants and machine learning may help to expedite drug development and the evaluation of drug safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Shi
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Reker
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James D Byrne
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ameya R Kirtane
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Hess
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhuyi Wang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Natsuda Navamajiti
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Cameron C Young
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zachary Fralish
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zilu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aaron Lopes
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vance Soares
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jacob Wainer
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas von Erlach
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lei Miao
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Giovanni Traverso
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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3
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Leland SB, Staffa SJ, Newhams MM, Khemani RG, Marshall JC, Young CC, Maddux AB, Hall MW, Weiss SL, Schwarz AJ, Coates BM, Sanders RC, Kong M, Thomas NJ, Nofziger RA, Cullimore ML, Halasa NB, Loftis LL, Cvijanovich NZ, Schuster JE, Flori H, Gertz SJ, Hume JR, Olson SM, Patel MM, Zurakowski D, Randolph AG. The Modified Clinical Progression Scale for Pediatric Patients: Evaluation as a Severity Metric and Outcome Measure in Severe Acute Viral Respiratory Illness. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2023; 24:998-1009. [PMID: 37539964 PMCID: PMC10688559 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000003331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop, evaluate, and explore the use of a pediatric ordinal score as a potential clinical trial outcome metric in children hospitalized with acute hypoxic respiratory failure caused by viral respiratory infections. DESIGN We modified the World Health Organization Clinical Progression Scale for pediatric patients (CPS-Ped) and assigned CPS-Ped at admission, days 2-4, 7, and 14. We identified predictors of clinical improvement (day 14 CPS-Ped ≤ 2 or a three-point decrease) using competing risks regression and compared clinical improvement to hospital length of stay (LOS) and ventilator-free days. We estimated sample sizes (80% power) to detect a 15% clinical improvement. SETTING North American pediatric hospitals. PATIENTS Three cohorts of pediatric patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure receiving intensive care: two influenza (pediatric intensive care influenza [PICFLU], n = 263, 31 sites; PICFLU vaccine effectiveness [PICFLU-VE], n = 143, 17 sites) and one COVID-19 ( n = 237, 47 sites). INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Invasive mechanical ventilation rates were 71.4%, 32.9%, and 37.1% for PICFLU, PICFLU-VE, and COVID-19 with less than 5% mortality for all three cohorts. Maximum CPS-Ped (0 = home at respiratory baseline to 8 = death) was positively associated with hospital LOS ( p < 0.001, all cohorts). Across the three cohorts, many patients' CPS-Ped worsened after admission (39%, 18%, and 49%), with some patients progressing to invasive mechanical ventilation or death (19%, 11%, and 17%). Despite this, greater than 76% of patients across cohorts clinically improved by day 14. Estimated sample sizes per group using CPS-Ped to detect a percentage increase in clinical improvement were feasible (influenza 15%, n = 142; 10%, n = 225; COVID-19, 15% n = 208) compared with mortality ( n > 21,000, all), and ventilator-free days (influenza 15%, n = 167). CONCLUSIONS The CPS-Ped can be used to describe the time course of illness and threshold for clinical improvement in hospitalized children and adolescents with acute respiratory failure from viral infections. This outcome measure could feasibly be used in clinical trials to evaluate in-hospital recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon B Leland
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Steven J Staffa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Margaret M Newhams
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Robinder G Khemani
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - John C Marshall
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cameron C Young
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Aline B Maddux
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Mark W Hall
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Scott L Weiss
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Adam J Schwarz
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Orange County (CHOC), Orange, CA
| | - Bria M Coates
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Ronald C Sanders
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR
| | - Michele Kong
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Neal J Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Children's Hospital, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Ryan A Nofziger
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH
| | - Melissa L Cullimore
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Natasha B Halasa
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Laura L Loftis
- Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Natalie Z Cvijanovich
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA
| | - Jennifer E Schuster
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Heidi Flori
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Mott Children's Hospital and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Shira J Gertz
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Cooperman Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ
| | - Janet R Hume
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Samantha M Olson
- Influenza Division and CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control of Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Atlanta, GA
| | - Manish M Patel
- Influenza Division and CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control of Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Atlanta, GA
| | - David Zurakowski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Adrienne G Randolph
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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4
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Maddux AB, Young CC, Kucukak S, Zambrano LD, Newhams MM, Rollins CK, Halasa NB, Gertz SJ, Mack EH, Schwartz S, Kong M, Loftis LL, Irby K, Rowan CM, Tarquinio KM, Zinter MS, Crandall H, Cvijanovich NZ, Schuster JE, Fitzgerald JC, Staat MA, Hobbs CV, Nofziger RA, Shein S, Flori H, Cullimore ML, Chatani BM, Levy ER, Typpo KV, Hume JR, Campbell AP, Randolph AG. Risk factors for health impairments in children after hospitalization for acute COVID-19 or MIS-C. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1260372. [PMID: 37920792 PMCID: PMC10619659 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1260372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify risk factors for persistent impairments after pediatric hospitalization for acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Methods Across 25 U.S. Overcoming COVID-19 Network hospitals, we conducted a prospective cohort study of patients <21-years-old hospitalized for acute COVID-19 or MIS-C (May 2020 to March 2022) surveyed 2- to 4-months post-admission. Multivariable regression was used to calculate adjusted risk ratios (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Of 232 children with acute COVID-19, 71 (30.6%) had persistent symptoms and 50 (21.6%) had activity impairments at follow-up; for MIS-C (n = 241), 56 (23.2%) had persistent symptoms and 58 (24.1%) had activity impairments. In adjusted analyses of patients with acute COVID-19, receipt of mechanical ventilation was associated with persistent symptoms [aRR 1.83 (95% CI: 1.07, 3.13)] whereas obesity [aRR 2.18 (95% CI: 1.05, 4.51)] and greater organ system involvement [aRR 1.35 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.61)] were associated with activity impairment. For patients with MIS-C, having a pre-existing respiratory condition was associated with persistent symptoms [aRR 3.04 (95% CI: 1.70, 5.41)] whereas obesity [aRR 1.86 (95% CI: 1.09, 3.15)] and greater organ system involvement [aRR 1.26 (1.00, 1.58)] were associated with activity impairments. Discussion Among patients hospitalized, nearly one in three hospitalized with acute COVID-19 and one in four hospitalized with MIS-C had persistent impairments for ≥2 months post-hospitalization. Persistent impairments were associated with more severe illness and underlying health conditions, identifying populations to target for follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline B. Maddux
- Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Cameron C. Young
- Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Suden Kucukak
- Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Laura D. Zambrano
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Margaret M. Newhams
- Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Caitlin K. Rollins
- Departments of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Natasha B. Halasa
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Shira J. Gertz
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Cooperman Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ, United States
| | - Elizabeth H. Mack
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Stephanie Schwartz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Children’s Hospital, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Michele Kong
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Laura L. Loftis
- Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Katherine Irby
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Courtney M. Rowan
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Keiko M. Tarquinio
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Matt S. Zinter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Hillary Crandall
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Primary Children’s Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Natalie Z. Cvijanovich
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer E. Schuster
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Julie C. Fitzgerald
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mary A. Staat
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Charlotte V. Hobbs
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Ryan A. Nofziger
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, OH, United States
| | - Steven Shein
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Heidi Flori
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, C. S. Mott Children’s Hospital and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Melissa L. Cullimore
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Brandon M. Chatani
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, AdventHealth for Children, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Emily R. Levy
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Katri V. Typpo
- Diamond Children’s Banner Children’s Medical Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Janet R. Hume
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Minnesota Masonic Children’s Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Angela P. Campbell
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Adrienne G. Randolph
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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5
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Chang JC, Young CC, Muscal E, Sexson Tejtel SK, Newhams MM, Kucukak S, Crandall H, Maddux AB, Rowan CM, Halasa NB, Harvey HA, Hobbs CV, Hall MW, Kong M, Aguiar CL, Schuster JE, Fitzgerald JC, Singh AR, Wellnitz K, Nofziger RA, Cvijanovich NZ, Mack EH, Schwarz AJ, Heidemann SM, Newburger JW, Zambrano LD, Campbell AP, Patel MM, Randolph AG, Son MBF. Variation in Early Anakinra Use and Short-Term Outcomes in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children. Arthritis Rheumatol 2023; 75:1466-1476. [PMID: 36908050 PMCID: PMC10495537 DOI: 10.1002/art.42495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence regarding effectiveness of interleukin-1 receptor antagonism in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is lacking. We characterized variation in initial treatment with anakinra and evaluated cardiovascular outcomes associated with adding anakinra to standard initial therapy. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of MIS-C cases in a US surveillance registry from November 2020 to December 2021. Day 0 was the first calendar day of immunomodulatory treatment. Factors associated with initial anakinra use (days 0-1) were identified. We compared cases in patients ages 2-20 years receiving intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and glucocorticoids versus anakinra plus IVIG and/or glucocorticoids on days 0-1, using inverse probability weighting to balance disease severity. Primary outcomes were vasopressor requirement on day 3 and impaired left ventricular ejection fraction on days 3-4. The secondary outcome was 50% reduction in C-reactive protein on day 3. RESULTS Among 1,516 MIS-C cases at 44 sites, 193 (13%) patients received anakinra alone or with other immunomodulators as initial treatment (range 0-74% by site). Site accounted for 59% of residual variance in anakinra use. After balancing disease severity, initial treatment with anakinra plus IVIG and/or glucocorticoids (n = 121) versus IVIG plus glucocorticoids (n = 389) was not associated with significant differences in vasopressor requirement (25.6% versus 20.1%, respectively; risk ratio [RR] 1.27 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.88-1.84]), ventricular dysfunction (33.7% versus 25.7%, respectively; RR 1.31 [95% CI 0.98-1.75]), or C-reactive protein reduction. CONCLUSION We identified substantial variation in initial anakinra use in a real-world population of children with MIS-C, but no average short-term improvement in cardiovascular outcomes associated with early addition of anakinra to IVIG and/or glucocorticoids compared to IVIG and glucocorticoids alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce C Chang
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cameron C Young
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eyal Muscal
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sara K Sexson Tejtel
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Fetal Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Margaret M Newhams
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Suden Kucukak
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hillary Crandall
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah and Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Aline B Maddux
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora
| | - Courtney M Rowan
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis
| | - Natasha B Halasa
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Helen A Harvey
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Charlotte V Hobbs
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Mark W Hall
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michele Kong
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Cassyanne L Aguiar
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk
| | - Jennifer E Schuster
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Julie C Fitzgerald
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Aalok R Singh
- Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Kari Wellnitz
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City
| | - Ryan A Nofziger
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, Ohio
| | - Natalie Z Cvijanovich
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, California
| | - Elizabeth H Mack
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Adam J Schwarz
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Orange County, Orange, California
| | - Sabrina M Heidemann
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Central Michigan University, Detroit
| | - Jane W Newburger
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Adrienne G Randolph
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, and Departments of Pediatrics and Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mary Beth F Son
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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6
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Bembea MM, Loftis LL, Thiagarajan RR, Young CC, McCadden TP, Newhams MM, Kucukak S, Mack EH, Fitzgerald JC, Rowan CM, Maddux AB, Kolmar AR, Irby K, Heidemann S, Schwartz SP, Kong M, Crandall H, Havlin KM, Singh AR, Schuster JE, Hall MW, Wellnitz KA, Maamari M, Gaspers MG, Nofziger RA, Lim PPC, Carroll RW, Coronado Munoz A, Bradford TT, Cullimore ML, Halasa NB, McLaughlin GE, Pannaraj PS, Cvijanovich NZ, Zinter MS, Coates BM, Horwitz SM, Hobbs CV, Dapul H, Graciano AL, Butler AD, Patel MM, Zambrano LD, Campbell AP, Randolph AG. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Characteristics and Outcomes in Children and Adolescents With COVID-19 or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Admitted to U.S. ICUs. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2023; 24:356-371. [PMID: 36995097 PMCID: PMC10153593 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000003212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used successfully to support adults with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related cardiac or respiratory failure refractory to conventional therapies. Comprehensive reports of children and adolescents with SARS-CoV-2-related ECMO support for conditions, including multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and acute COVID-19, are needed. DESIGN Case series of patients from the Overcoming COVID-19 public health surveillance registry. SETTING Sixty-three hospitals in 32 U.S. states reporting to the registry between March 15, 2020, and December 31, 2021. PATIENTS Patients less than 21 years admitted to the ICU meeting Centers for Disease Control criteria for MIS-C or acute COVID-19. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The final cohort included 2,733 patients with MIS-C ( n = 1,530; 37 [2.4%] requiring ECMO) or acute COVID-19 ( n = 1,203; 71 [5.9%] requiring ECMO). ECMO patients in both groups were older than those without ECMO support (MIS-C median 15.4 vs 9.9 yr; acute COVID-19 median 15.3 vs 13.6 yr). The body mass index percentile was similar in the MIS-C ECMO versus no ECMO groups (89.9 vs 85.8; p = 0.22) but higher in the COVID-19 ECMO versus no ECMO groups (98.3 vs 96.5; p = 0.03). Patients on ECMO with MIS-C versus COVID-19 were supported more often with venoarterial ECMO (92% vs 41%) for primary cardiac indications (87% vs 23%), had ECMO initiated earlier (median 1 vs 5 d from hospitalization), shorter ECMO courses (median 3.9 vs 14 d), shorter hospital length of stay (median 20 vs 52 d), lower in-hospital mortality (27% vs 37%), and less major morbidity at discharge in survivors (new tracheostomy, oxygen or mechanical ventilation need or neurologic deficit; 0% vs 11%, 0% vs 20%, and 8% vs 15%, respectively). Most patients with MIS-C requiring ECMO support (87%) were admitted during the pre-Delta (variant B.1.617.2) period, while most patients with acute COVID-19 requiring ECMO support (70%) were admitted during the Delta variant period. CONCLUSIONS ECMO support for SARS-CoV-2-related critical illness was uncommon, but type, initiation, and duration of ECMO use in MIS-C and acute COVID-19 were markedly different. Like pre-pandemic pediatric ECMO cohorts, most patients survived to hospital discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania M Bembea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Laura L Loftis
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Ravi R Thiagarajan
- Division of Cardiac Critical Care, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Cameron C Young
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Timothy P McCadden
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Margaret M Newhams
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Suden Kucukak
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Elizabeth H Mack
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Julie C Fitzgerald
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Courtney M Rowan
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Aline B Maddux
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Amanda R Kolmar
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Katherine Irby
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR
| | - Sabrina Heidemann
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University, Detroit, MI
| | - Stephanie P Schwartz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Michele Kong
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Hillary Crandall
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah and Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Kevin M Havlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Louisville, and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY
| | - Aalok R Singh
- Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | - Jennifer E Schuster
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Mark W Hall
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Kari A Wellnitz
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Mia Maamari
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Health Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Mary G Gaspers
- Department of Pediatrics and Banner Children's at Diamond Children's Medical Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Ryan A Nofziger
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH
| | - Peter Paul C Lim
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ryan W Carroll
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alvaro Coronado Munoz
- Pediatric Critical Care Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Tamara T Bradford
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA
| | - Melissa L Cullimore
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Natasha B Halasa
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Gwenn E McLaughlin
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Pia S Pannaraj
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Natalie Z Cvijanovich
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA
| | - Matt S Zinter
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Critical Care Medicine and Allergy, Immunology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Bria M Coates
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Steven M Horwitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Charlotte V Hobbs
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Heda Dapul
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, New York University Grossman School of Medicine and Hassenfeld Children's Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Ana Lia Graciano
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Andrew D Butler
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Manish M Patel
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Laura D Zambrano
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Angela P Campbell
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Adrienne G Randolph
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Departments of Anesthesia and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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7
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Young CC, LaRovere KL, Newhams MM, Kucukak S, Gertz SJ, Maddux AB, Halasa NB, Crandall H, Kong M, Fitzgerald JC, Irby K, Randolph AG, Campbell AP, Son MBF. Clinical Course Associated with Aseptic Meningitis Induced by Intravenous Immunoglobulin for the Treatment of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children. J Pediatr 2023:113372. [PMID: 36870559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Aseptic meningitis is a rare but potentially serious complication of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment. In this case series, meningitic symptoms following IVIG initiation in patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome were rare (7/2,086 [0.3%]). However, they required the need for additional therapy and/or readmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron C Young
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kerri L LaRovere
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret M Newhams
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suden Kucukak
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shira J Gertz
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Cooperman Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ, USA
| | - Aline B Maddux
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Natasha B Halasa
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hillary Crandall
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michele Kong
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Julie C Fitzgerald
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katherine Irby
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Adrienne G Randolph
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Departments of Anaesthesia and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
| | - Angela P Campbell
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mary Beth F Son
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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8
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Moffitt KL, Nakamura MM, Young CC, Newhams MM, Halasa NB, Reed JN, Fitzgerald JC, Spinella PC, Soma VL, Walker TC, Loftis LL, Maddux AB, Kong M, Rowan CM, Hobbs CV, Schuster JE, Riggs BJ, McLaughlin GE, Michelson KN, Hall MW, Babbitt CJ, Cvijanovich NZ, Zinter MS, Maamari M, Schwarz AJ, Singh AR, Flori HR, Gertz SJ, Staat MA, Giuliano JS, Hymes SR, Clouser KN, McGuire J, Carroll CL, Thomas NJ, Levy ER, Randolph AG. Community-Onset Bacterial Coinfection in Children Critically Ill With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad122. [PMID: 36968962 PMCID: PMC10034750 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Community-onset bacterial coinfection in adults hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is reportedly uncommon, though empiric antibiotic use has been high. However, data regarding empiric antibiotic use and bacterial coinfection in children with critical illness from COVID-19 are scarce. Methods We evaluated children and adolescents aged <19 years admitted to a pediatric intensive care or high-acuity unit for COVID-19 between March and December 2020. Based on qualifying microbiology results from the first 3 days of admission, we adjudicated whether patients had community-onset bacterial coinfection. We compared demographic and clinical characteristics of those who did and did not (1) receive antibiotics and (2) have bacterial coinfection early in admission. Using Poisson regression models, we assessed factors associated with these outcomes. Results Of the 532 patients, 63.3% received empiric antibiotics, but only 7.1% had bacterial coinfection, and only 3.0% had respiratory bacterial coinfection. In multivariable analyses, empiric antibiotics were more likely to be prescribed for immunocompromised patients (adjusted relative risk [aRR], 1.34 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.01-1.79]), those requiring any respiratory support except mechanical ventilation (aRR, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.05-1.90]), or those requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (aRR, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.36-2.47]) (compared with no respiratory support). The presence of a pulmonary comorbidity other than asthma (aRR, 2.31 [95% CI, 1.15-4.62]) was associated with bacterial coinfection. Conclusions Community-onset bacterial coinfection in children with critical COVID-19 is infrequent, but empiric antibiotics are commonly prescribed. These findings inform antimicrobial use and support rapid de-escalation when evaluation shows coinfection is unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin L Moffitt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mari M Nakamura
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cameron C Young
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Margaret M Newhams
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Natasha B Halasa
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - J Nelson Reed
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Julie C Fitzgerald
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Philip C Spinella
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Vijaya L Soma
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tracie C Walker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Children’s Hospital, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Laura L Loftis
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Aline B Maddux
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michele Kong
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Courtney M Rowan
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Charlotte V Hobbs
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Disease, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Jennifer E Schuster
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Becky J Riggs
- Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gwenn E McLaughlin
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Kelly N Michelson
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mark W Hall
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Natalie Z Cvijanovich
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco Benioff Children’s Hospital,Oakland, California, USA
| | - Matt S Zinter
- School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mia Maamari
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children’s Health Medical Center Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Adam J Schwarz
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital Orange County, Orange, California, USA
| | - Aalok R Singh
- Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children’s Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Heidi R Flori
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Mott Children's Hospital and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shira J Gertz
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Cooperman Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mary A Staat
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - John S Giuliano
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Saul R Hymes
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook Children's Hospital, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Katharine N Clouser
- Department of Pediatrics, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
| | - John McGuire
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children’s Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Neal J Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Children's Hospital, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily R Levy
- Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Adrienne G Randolph
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Halasa NB, Spieker AJ, Young CC, Olson SM, Newhams MM, Amarin JZ, Moffitt KL, Nakamura MM, Levy ER, Soma VL, Talj R, Weiss SL, Fitzgerald JC, Mack EH, Maddux AB, Schuster JE, Coates BM, Hall MW, Schwartz SP, Schwarz AJ, Kong M, Spinella PC, Loftis LL, McLaughlin GE, Hobbs CV, Rowan CM, Bembea MM, Nofziger RA, Babbitt CJ, Bowens C, Flori HR, Gertz SJ, Zinter MS, Giuliano JS, Hume JR, Cvijanovich NZ, Singh AR, Crandall HA, Thomas NJ, Cullimore ML, Patel MM, Randolph AG. Life-Threatening Complications of Influenza vs Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in US Children. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:e280-e290. [PMID: 35717646 PMCID: PMC9384330 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical differences between critical illness from influenza infection vs coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have not been well characterized in pediatric patients. METHODS We compared demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of US children (aged 8 months to 17 years) admitted to the intensive care or high-acuity unit with influenza or COVID-19. Using mixed-effects models, we assessed the odds of death or requiring life support for influenza vs COVID-19 after adjustment for age, sex, race and Hispanic origin, and underlying conditions including obesity. RESULTS Children with influenza (n = 179) were younger than those with COVID-19 (n = 381; median, 5.2 years vs 13.8 years), less likely to be non-Hispanic Black (14.5% vs 27.6%) or Hispanic (24.0% vs 36.2%), and less likely to have ≥1 underlying condition (66.4% vs 78.5%) or be obese (21.4% vs 42.2%), and a shorter hospital stay (median, 5 days vs 7 days). They were similarly likely to require invasive mechanical ventilation (both 30.2%), vasopressor support (19.6% and 19.9%), or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (2.2% and 2.9%). Four children with influenza (2.2%) and 11 children with COVID-19 (2.9%) died. The odds of death or requiring life support in children with influenza vs COVID-19 were similar (adjusted odds ratio, 1.30; 95% confidence interval, .78-2.15; P = .32). CONCLUSIONS Despite differences in demographics and clinical characteristics of children with influenza or COVID-19, the frequency of life-threatening complications was similar. Our findings highlight the importance of implementing prevention measures to reduce transmission and disease severity of influenza and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha B Halasa
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Andrew J Spieker
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Cameron C Young
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samantha M Olson
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Margaret M Newhams
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justin Z Amarin
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kristin L Moffitt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mari M Nakamura
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily R Levy
- Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Vijaya L Soma
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, New York University Grossman School of Medicine and Hassenfeld Children’s Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rana Talj
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Scott L Weiss
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julie C Fitzgerald
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Mack
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Aline B Maddux
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jennifer E Schuster
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Bria M Coates
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mark W Hall
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephanie P Schwartz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adam J Schwarz
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Orange County (CHOC), Orange, California, USA
| | - Michele Kong
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Philip C Spinella
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Laura L Loftis
- Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gwenn E McLaughlin
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Charlotte V Hobbs
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Courtney M Rowan
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Melania M Bembea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ryan A Nofziger
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Cindy Bowens
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children’s Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Heidi R Flori
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Mott Children’s Hospital and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shira J Gertz
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Cooperman Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, New Jersey, USA
| | - Matt S Zinter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John S Giuliano
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Janet R Hume
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Minnesota Masonic Children’s Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Natalie Z Cvijanovich
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California–San Francisco Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Aalok R Singh
- Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Hillary A Crandall
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Neal J Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Children’s Hospital, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Melissa L Cullimore
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | | | - Adrienne G Randolph
- Correspondence: Adrienne G. Randolph, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue Bader 634, Boston, MA, USA 02115 ()
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10
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LaRovere KL, Poussaint TY, Young CC, Newhams MM, Kucukak S, Irby K, Kong M, Schwartz SP, Walker TC, Bembea MM, Wellnitz K, Havlin KM, Cvijanovich NZ, Hall MW, Fitzgerald JC, Schuster JE, Hobbs CV, Halasa NB, Singh AR, Mack EH, Bradford TT, Gertz SJ, Schwarz AJ, Typpo KV, Loftis LL, Giuliano JS, Horwitz SM, Biagas KV, Clouser KN, Rowan CM, Maddux AB, Soma VL, Babbitt CJ, Aguiar CL, Kolmar AR, Heidemann SM, Harvey H, Zambrano LD, Campbell AP, Randolph AG. Changes in Distribution of Severe Neurologic Involvement in US Pediatric Inpatients With COVID-19 or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children in 2021 vs 2020. JAMA Neurol 2023; 80:91-98. [PMID: 36342679 PMCID: PMC9641594 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.3881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Importance In 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, neurologic involvement was common in children and adolescents hospitalized in the United States for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related complications. Objective To provide an update on the spectrum of SARS-CoV-2-related neurologic involvement among children and adolescents in 2021. Design, Setting, and Participants Case series investigation of patients reported to public health surveillance hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2-related illness between December 15, 2020, and December 31, 2021, in 55 US hospitals in 31 states with follow-up at hospital discharge. A total of 2253 patients were enrolled during the investigation period. Patients suspected of having multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) who did not meet criteria (n = 85) were excluded. Patients (<21 years) with positive SARS-CoV-2 test results (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and/or antibody) meeting criteria for MIS-C or acute COVID-19 were included in the analysis. Exposure SARS-CoV-2 infection. Main Outcomes and Measures Patients with neurologic involvement had acute neurologic signs, symptoms, or diseases on presentation or during hospitalization. Life-threatening neurologic involvement was adjudicated by experts based on clinical and/or neuroradiological features. Type and severity of neurologic involvement, laboratory and imaging data, vaccination status, and hospital discharge outcomes (death or survival with new neurologic deficits). Results Of 2168 patients included (58% male; median age, 10.3 years), 1435 (66%) met criteria for MIS-C, and 476 (22%) had documented neurologic involvement. Patients with neurologic involvement vs without were older (median age, 12 vs 10 years) and more frequently had underlying neurologic disorders (107 of 476 [22%] vs 240 of 1692 [14%]). Among those with neurologic involvement, 42 (9%) developed acute SARS-CoV-2-related life-threatening conditions, including central nervous system infection/demyelination (n = 23; 15 with possible/confirmed encephalitis, 6 meningitis, 1 transverse myelitis, 1 nonhemorrhagic leukoencephalopathy), stroke (n = 11), severe encephalopathy (n = 5), acute fulminant cerebral edema (n = 2), and Guillain-Barré syndrome (n = 1). Ten of 42 (24%) survived with new neurologic deficits at discharge and 8 (19%) died. Among patients with life-threatening neurologic conditions, 15 of 16 vaccine-eligible patients (94%) were unvaccinated. Conclusions and Relevance SARS-CoV-2-related neurologic involvement persisted in US children and adolescents hospitalized for COVID-19 or MIS-C in 2021 and was again mostly transient. Central nervous system infection/demyelination accounted for a higher proportion of life-threatening conditions, and most vaccine-eligible patients were unvaccinated. COVID-19 vaccination may prevent some SARS-CoV-2-related neurologic complications and merits further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri L. LaRovere
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tina Y. Poussaint
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cameron C. Young
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Margaret M. Newhams
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Suden Kucukak
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine Irby
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock
| | - Michele Kong
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Stephanie P. Schwartz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Children’s Hospital, Chapel Hill
| | - Tracie C. Walker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Children’s Hospital, Chapel Hill
| | - Melania M. Bembea
- Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kari Wellnitz
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City
| | - Kevin M. Havlin
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Norton Children’s Hospital, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Natalie Z. Cvijanovich
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital, Oakland, California
| | - Mark W. Hall
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Julie C. Fitzgerald
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Jennifer E. Schuster
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Charlotte V. Hobbs
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Natasha B. Halasa
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Aalok R. Singh
- Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children’s Hospital at Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla
| | - Elizabeth H. Mack
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Tamara T. Bradford
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Children’s Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans
| | - Shira J. Gertz
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Cooperman Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, New Jersey
| | - Adam J. Schwarz
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Health Orange County (CHOC), Orange, California
| | - Katri V. Typpo
- Department of Pediatrics and Banner Children’s at Diamond Children’s Medical Center, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Laura L. Loftis
- Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston
| | - John S. Giuliano
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Steven M. Horwitz
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Katherine V. Biagas
- Department of Pediatrics, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Katharine N. Clouser
- Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children’s Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | - Courtney M. Rowan
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis
| | - Aline B. Maddux
- Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora
| | - Vijaya L. Soma
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York
| | | | - Cassyanne L. Aguiar
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Children’s Hospital of The King’s Daughters, Norfolk
| | - Amanda R. Kolmar
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Sabrina M. Heidemann
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University, Detroit
| | - Helen Harvey
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, California
| | - Laura D. Zambrano
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Angela P. Campbell
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Adrienne G. Randolph
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Departments of Anaesthesia and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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11
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Dionne A, Friedman KG, Young CC, Newhams MM, Kucukak S, Jackson AM, Fitzgerald JC, Smallcomb LS, Heidemann S, McLaughlin GE, Irby K, Bradford TT, Horwitz SM, Loftis LL, Soma VL, Rowan CM, Kong M, Halasa NB, Tarquinio KM, Schwarz AJ, Hume JR, Gertz SJ, Clouser KN, Carroll CL, Wellnitz K, Cullimore ML, Doymaz S, Levy ER, Typpo KV, Lansell AN, Butler AD, Kuebler JD, Zambrano LD, Campbell AP, Patel MM, Randolph AG, Newburger JW. Tachyarrhythmias During Hospitalization for COVID-19 or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children and Adolescents. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e025915. [PMID: 36250670 PMCID: PMC9673680 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.025915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Cardiac complications related to COVID-19 in children and adolescents include ventricular dysfunction, myocarditis, coronary artery aneurysm, and bradyarrhythmias, but tachyarrhythmias are less understood. The goal of this study was to evaluate the frequency, characteristics, and outcomes of children and adolescents experiencing tachyarrhythmias while hospitalized for acute severe COVID-19 or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Methods and Results This study involved a case series of 63 patients with tachyarrhythmias reported in a public health surveillance registry of patients aged <21 years hospitalized from March 15, 2020, to December 31, 2021, at 63 US hospitals. Patients with tachyarrhythmias were compared with patients with severe COVID-19-related complications without tachyarrhythmias. Tachyarrhythmias were reported in 22 of 1257 patients (1.8%) with acute COVID-19 and 41 of 2343 (1.7%) patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. They included supraventricular tachycardia in 28 (44%), accelerated junctional rhythm in 9 (14%), and ventricular tachycardia in 38 (60%); >1 type was reported in 12 (19%). Registry patients with versus without tachyarrhythmia were older (median age, 15.4 [range, 10.4-17.4] versus 10.0 [range, 5.4-14.8] years) and had higher illness severity on hospital admission. Intervention for treatment of tachyarrhythmia was required in 37 (59%) patients and included antiarrhythmic medication (n=31, 49%), electrical cardioversion (n=11, 17%), cardiopulmonary resuscitation (n=8, 13%), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (n=9, 14%). Patients with tachyarrhythmias had longer hospital length of stay than those who did not, and 9 (14%) versus 77 (2%) died. Conclusions Tachyarrhythmias were a rare complication of acute severe COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adolescents and were associated with worse clinical outcomes, highlighting the importance of close monitoring, aggressive treatment, and postdischarge care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Dionne
- Department of CardiologyBoston Children’s HospitalDepartment of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Kevin G. Friedman
- Department of CardiologyBoston Children’s HospitalDepartment of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Cameron C. Young
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain MedicineBoston Children’s HospitalBostonMA
| | - Margaret M. Newhams
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain MedicineBoston Children’s HospitalBostonMA
| | - Suden Kucukak
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain MedicineBoston Children’s HospitalBostonMA
| | - Ashley M. Jackson
- COVID‐19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGA
| | - Julie C. Fitzgerald
- Division of Critical CareDepartment of Anesthesiology and Critical CareUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPA
| | - Laura S. Smallcomb
- Department of PediatricsMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSC
| | - Sabrina Heidemann
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of PediatricsCentral Michigan UniversityDetroitMI
| | - Gwenn E. McLaughlin
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care MedicineDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFL
| | - Katherine Irby
- Section of Pediatric Critical CareDepartment of PediatricsArkansas Children’s HospitalLittle RockAR
| | - Tamara T. Bradford
- Division of Cardiology, Department of PediatricsLouisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children’s Hospital of New OrleansNew OrleansLA
| | - Steven M. Horwitz
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of PediatricsRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickNJ
| | - Laura L. Loftis
- Section of Critical Care MedicineDepartment of PediatricsTexas Children’s HospitalHoustonTX
| | - Vijaya L. Soma
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of PediatricsNew York University Grossman School of Medicine and Hassenfeld Children’s HospitalNew YorkNY
| | - Courtney M. Rowan
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care MedicineDepartment of PediatricsIndiana University School of MedicineRiley Hospital for ChildrenIndianapolisIN
| | - Michele Kong
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care MedicineDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Natasha B. Halasa
- Division of Pediatric Infectious DiseasesDepartment of PediatricsVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN
| | - Keiko M. Tarquinio
- Division of Critical Care MedicineDepartment of PediatricsEmory University School of MedicineChildren’s Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGA
| | - Adam J. Schwarz
- Division of Critical Care MedicineCHOC Children’s HospitalOrangeCA
| | - Janet R. Hume
- Division of Pediatric Critical CareUniversity of Minnesota Masonic Children’s HospitalMinneapolisMN
| | - Shira J. Gertz
- Division of Pediatric Critical CareDepartment of PediatricsCooperman Barnabas Medical CenterLivingstonNJ
| | | | | | - Kari Wellnitz
- Division of Pediatric Critical CareStead Family Department of PediatricsUniversity of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIA
| | - Melissa L. Cullimore
- Division of Pediatric Critical CareDepartment of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital and Medical CenterOmahaNE
| | - Sule Doymaz
- Division of Pediatric Critical CareDepartment of PediatricsSUNY Downstate Health Sciences UniversityBrooklynNY
| | - Emily R. Levy
- Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Pediatric Critical Care MedicineDepartment of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo ClinicRochesterMN
| | - Katri V. Typpo
- Division of Pediatric Critical CareDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZ
| | - Amanda N. Lansell
- Division of Pediatric Hospital MedicineRainbow Babies and Children’s HospitalClevelandOH
| | - Andrew D. Butler
- Division of Pediatric Critical CareSt. Christopher’s Hospital for ChildrenPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Joseph D. Kuebler
- Division of Pediatric Critical CareDepartment of PediatricsGolisano Children’s HospitalUniversity of RochesterRochesterNY
| | - Laura D. Zambrano
- COVID‐19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGA
| | | | - Manish M. Patel
- COVID‐19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGA
| | - Adrienne G. Randolph
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain MedicineBoston Children’s HospitalBostonMA
- Departments of Anaesthesia and PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Jane W. Newburger
- Department of CardiologyBoston Children’s HospitalDepartment of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
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12
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Melgar M, Seaby EG, McArdle AJ, Young CC, Campbell AP, Murray NL, Patel MM, Levin M, Randolph AG, Son MBF. Treatment of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: Understanding Differences in Results of Comparative Effectiveness Studies. ACR Open Rheumatol 2022; 4:804-810. [PMID: 35759535 PMCID: PMC9469482 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Two cohort studies in patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C) demonstrated contrasting results regarding the benefit of initial immunomodulatory treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) alone versus IVIG and glucocorticoids. We sought to determine whether application of different MIS‐C definitions and differing disease severity between cohorts underlay discrepant results. Methods The Overcoming COVID‐19 Public Health Surveillance Registry (OC‐19) included patients meeting the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) MIS‐C definition, whereas the Best Available Treatment Study (BATS) applied the World Health Organization (WHO) definition. We applied the WHO definition to the OC‐19 cohort and the CDC definition to the BATS cohort and determined the proportion that did not meet the alternate definition. We compared illness severity indicators between cohorts. Results Of 349 OC‐19 patients, 9.5% did not meet the WHO definition. Of 350 BATS patients, 10.3% did not meet the CDC definition. Most organ system involvement was similar between the cohorts, but more OC‐19 patients had WHO‐defined cardiac involvement (87.1% vs 79.4%, P = 0.008). OC‐19 patients were more often admitted to intensive care (61.0% vs 44.8%, P < 0.001) and more often received vasopressors or inotropes (39.5% vs 22.9%, P < 0.001) before immunomodulatory treatment. Conclusion Greater illness severity and cardiovascular involvement in the OC‐19 cohort compared with the BATS cohort, and not use of different MIS‐C case definitions, may have contributed to differing study conclusions about optimal initial treatment for MIS‐C. Disease severity should be considered in future MIS‐C study designs and treatment recommendations to identify patients who would benefit from aggressive immunomodulatory treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Melgar
- COVID‐19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia
| | - Eleanor G. Seaby
- Imperial College London, London, UK, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK, and Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard Cambridge
| | | | | | - Angela P. Campbell
- COVID‐19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia
| | - Nancy L. Murray
- COVID‐19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia
| | - Manish M. Patel
- COVID‐19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, and Commissioned Corps of the US Public Health Service Rockville Maryland
| | - Michael Levin
- Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust and Imperial College London London UK
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13
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Maddux AB, Berbert L, Young CC, Feldstein LR, Zambrano LD, Kucukak S, Newhams MM, Miller K, FitzGerald MM, He J, Halasa NB, Cvijanovich NZ, Loftis LL, Walker TC, Schwartz SP, Gertz SJ, Tarquinio KM, Fitzgerald JC, Kong M, Schuster JE, Mack EH, Hobbs CV, Rowan CM, Staat MA, Zinter MS, Irby K, Crandall H, Flori H, Cullimore ML, Nofziger RA, Shein SL, Gaspers MG, Hume JR, Levy ER, Chen SR, Patel MM, Tenforde MW, Weller E, Campbell AP, Randolph AG. Health Impairments in Children and Adolescents After Hospitalization for Acute COVID-19 or MIS-C. Pediatrics 2022; 150:e2022057798. [PMID: 35765138 PMCID: PMC10281852 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-057798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate risk factors for postdischarge sequelae in children and adolescents hospitalized for acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). METHODS Multicenter prospective cohort study conducted in 25 United States pediatric hospitals. Patients <21-years-old, hospitalized May 2020 to May 2021 for acute COVID-19 or MIS-C with follow-up 2 to 4 months after admission. We assessed readmissions, persistent symptoms or activity impairment, and new morbidities. Multivariable regression was used to calculate adjusted risk ratios (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Of 358 eligible patients, 2 to 4 month survey data were available for 119 of 155 (76.8%) with acute COVID-19 and 160 of 203 (78.8%) with MIS-C. Thirteen (11%) patients with acute COVID-19 and 12 (8%) with MIS-C had a readmission. Thirty-two (26.9%) patients with acute COVID-19 had persistent symptoms (22.7%) or activity impairment (14.3%) and 48 (30.0%) with MIS-C had persistent symptoms (20.0%) or activity impairment (21.3%). For patients with acute COVID-19, persistent symptoms (aRR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.04-1.59]) and activity impairment (aRR, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.06-1.78]) were associated with more organ systems involved. Patients with MIS-C and pre-existing respiratory conditions more frequently had persistent symptoms (aRR, 3.09 [95% CI, 1.55-6.14]) and those with obesity more frequently had activity impairment (aRR, 2.52 [95% CI, 1.35-4.69]). New morbidities were infrequent (9% COVID-19, 1% MIS-C). CONCLUSIONS Over 1 in 4 children hospitalized with acute COVID-19 or MIS-C experienced persistent symptoms or activity impairment for at least 2 months. Patients with MIS-C and respiratory conditions or obesity are at higher risk of prolonged recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline B Maddux
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Laura Berbert
- Biostatistics and Research Design Center, Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cameron C Young
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leora R Feldstein
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Laura D Zambrano
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Suden Kucukak
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Margaret M Newhams
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kristen Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Madyson M FitzGerald
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jie He
- Biostatistics and Research Design Center, Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Natasha B Halasa
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Natalie Z Cvijanovich
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland, California
| | - Laura L Loftis
- Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Tracie C Walker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Stephanie P Schwartz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Shira J Gertz
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Cooperman Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, New Jersey
| | - Keiko M Tarquinio
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Julie C Fitzgerald
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michele Kong
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jennifer E Schuster
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Elizabeth H Mack
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Charlotte V Hobbs
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Courtney M Rowan
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Mary A Staat
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Matt S Zinter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Katherine Irby
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Hillary Crandall
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Heidi Flori
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Mott Children's Hospital and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Melissa L Cullimore
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Ryan A Nofziger
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, Ohio
| | - Steven L Shein
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mary Glas Gaspers
- University of Arizona, Diamond Children's Banner Children's Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Janet R Hume
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Emily R Levy
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sabrina R Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Manish M Patel
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mark W Tenforde
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Edie Weller
- Biostatistics and Research Design Center, Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Departments of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Angela P Campbell
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Adrienne G Randolph
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Departments of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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14
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Zambrano LD, Newhams MM, Olson SM, Halasa NB, Price AM, Orzel AO, Young CC, Boom JA, Sahni LC, Maddux AB, Bline KE, Kamidani S, Tarquinio KM, Chiotos K, Schuster JE, Cullimore ML, Heidemann SM, Hobbs CV, Nofziger RA, Pannaraj PS, Cameron MA, Walker TC, Schwartz SP, Michelson KN, Coates BM, Flori HR, Mack EH, Smallcomb L, Gertz SJ, Bhumbra SS, Bradford TT, Levy ER, Kong M, Irby K, Cvijanovich NZ, Zinter MS, Bowens C, Crandall H, Hume JR, Patel MM, Campbell AP, Randolph AG. BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 is Associated With a Decreased Likelihood of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Aged 5-18 Years-United States, July 2021 - April 2022. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 76:e90-e100. [PMID: 35924406 PMCID: PMC9384630 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), linked to antecedent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is associated with considerable morbidity. Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by vaccination might also decrease MIS-C likelihood. METHODS In a multicenter, case-control, public health investigation of children ages 5-18 years hospitalized from 1 July 2021 to 7 April 2022, we compared the odds of being fully vaccinated (2 doses of BNT162b2 vaccine ≥28 days before hospital admission) between MIS-C case-patients and hospital-based controls who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. These associations were examined by age group, timing of vaccination, and periods of Delta and Omicron variant predominance using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS We compared 304 MIS-C case-patients (280 [92%] unvaccinated) with 502 controls (346 [69%] unvaccinated). MIS-C was associated with decreased likelihood of vaccination (adjusted OR [aOR]: .16; 95% CI: .10-.26), including among children ages 5-11 years (aOR: .22; 95% CI: .10-.52), ages 12-18 years (aOR: .10; 95% CI: .05-.19), and during the Delta (aOR: .06; 95% CI: .02-.15) and Omicron (aOR: .22; 95% CI: .11-.42) variant-predominant periods. This association persisted beyond 120 days after the second dose (aOR: .08; 95% CI: .03-.22) in 12-18-year-olds. Among all MIS-C case-patients, 187 (62%) required intensive care unit admission and 280 (92%) vaccine-eligible case-patients were unvaccinated. CONCLUSIONS Vaccination with 2 doses of BNT162b2 is associated with reduced likelihood of MIS-C in children ages 5-18 years. Most vaccine-eligible hospitalized patients with MIS-C were unvaccinated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Zambrano
- Corresponding author: Laura D. Zambrano U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Rd NE MS H24-5 Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
| | | | | | - Natasha B Halasa
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Amber O Orzel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cameron C Young
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julie A Boom
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Immunization Project, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Leila C Sahni
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Immunization Project, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Aline B Maddux
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Katherine E Bline
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Satoshi Kamidani
- The Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Keiko M Tarquinio
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kathleen Chiotos
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer E Schuster
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Melissa L Cullimore
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Sabrina M Heidemann
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Central Michigan University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Charlotte V Hobbs
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Ryan A Nofziger
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Pia S Pannaraj
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles and Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Melissa A Cameron
- Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, UC San Diego-Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Tracie C Walker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephanie P Schwartz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kelly N Michelson
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bria M Coates
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Heidi R Flori
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Mott Children’s Hospital and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Mack
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Laura Smallcomb
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Shira J Gertz
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Cooperman Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, New Jersey, USA
| | - Samina S Bhumbra
- The Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Tamara T Bradford
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children’s Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Emily R Levy
- Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michele Kong
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Katherine Irby
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Natalie Z Cvijanovich
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, California, USA
| | - Matt S Zinter
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Critical Care Medicine and Allergy, Immunology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Cindy Bowens
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Hillary Crandall
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Janet R Hume
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Minnesota Masonic Children’s Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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15
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Schuster JE, Halasa NB, Nakamura M, Levy ER, Fitzgerald JC, Young CC, Newhams MM, Bourgeois F, Staat MA, Hobbs CV, Dapul H, Feldstein LR, Jackson AM, Mack EH, Walker TC, Maddux AB, Spinella PC, Loftis LL, Kong M, Rowan CM, Bembea MM, McLaughlin GE, Hall MW, Babbitt CJ, Maamari M, Zinter MS, Cvijanovich NZ, Michelson KN, Gertz SJ, Carroll CL, Thomas NJ, Giuliano JS, Singh AR, Hymes SR, Schwarz AJ, McGuire JK, Nofziger RA, Flori HR, Clouser KN, Wellnitz K, Cullimore ML, Hume JR, Patel M, Randolph AG. A Description of COVID-19-Directed Therapy in Children Admitted to US Intensive Care Units 2020. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2022; 11:191-198. [PMID: 35022779 PMCID: PMC8807297 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piab123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear how acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-directed therapies are used in children with life-threatening COVID-19 in US hospitals. We described characteristics of children hospitalized in the intensive care unit or step-down unit (ICU/SDU) who received COVID-19-directed therapies and the specific therapies administered. METHODS Between March 15, 2020 and December 27, 2020, children <18 years of age in the ICU/SDU with acute COVID-19 at 48 pediatric hospitals in the United States were identified. Demographics, laboratory values, and clinical course were compared in children who did and did not receive COVID-19-directed therapies. Trends in COVID-19-directed therapies over time were evaluated. RESULTS Of 424 children in the ICU/SDU, 235 (55%) received COVID-19-directed therapies. Children who received COVID-19-directed therapies were older than those who did not receive COVID-19-directed therapies (13.3 [5.6-16.2] vs 9.8 [0.65-15.9] years), more had underlying medical conditions (188 [80%] vs 104 [55%]; difference = 25% [95% CI: 16% to 34%]), more received respiratory support (206 [88%] vs 71 [38%]; difference = 50% [95% CI: 34% to 56%]), and more died (8 [3.4%] vs 0). Of the 235 children receiving COVID-19-directed therapies, 172 (73%) received systemic steroids and 150 (64%) received remdesivir, with rising remdesivir use over the study period (14% in March/April to 57% November/December). CONCLUSION Despite the lack of pediatric data evaluating treatments for COVID-19 in critically ill children, more than half of children requiring intensive or high acuity care received COVID-19-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Schuster
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Natasha B Halasa
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mari Nakamura
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily R Levy
- Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Julie C Fitzgerald
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cameron C Young
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Margaret M Newhams
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Florence Bourgeois
- Pediatric Therapeutics and Regulatory Science Initiative, Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mary A Staat
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Charlotte V Hobbs
- Division of Disease, Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Heda Dapul
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine and Hassenfeld Children’s Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Leora R Feldstein
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ashley M Jackson
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Mack
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Tracie C Walker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aline B Maddux
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Philip C Spinella
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Laura L Loftis
- Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michele Kong
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Courtney M Rowan
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Melania M Bembea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gwenn E McLaughlin
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Mark W Hall
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Christopher J Babbitt
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Miller Children’s and Women’s Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Mia Maamari
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children’s Health Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Matt S Zinter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Natalie Z Cvijanovich
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Kelly N Michelson
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shira J Gertz
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, New Jersey, USA
| | - Christopher L Carroll
- Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Neal J Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Children’s Hospital, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John S Giuliano
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Aalok R Singh
- Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children’s Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Saul R Hymes
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Stony Brook Children’s Hospital, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Adam J Schwarz
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, CHOC Children’s Hospital, Orange, California, USA
| | - John K McGuire
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children’s Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ryan A Nofziger
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Heidi R Flori
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Mott Children’s Hospital and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Katharine N Clouser
- Department of Pediatrics, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kari Wellnitz
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Melissa L Cullimore
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Janet R Hume
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Minnesota Masonic Children’s Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Manish Patel
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Adrienne G Randolph
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Departments of Anesthesia and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Young CC, Byrne JD, Wentworth AJ, Collins JE, Chu JN, Traverso G. Respirators in Healthcare: Material, Design, Regulatory, Environmental, and Economic Considerations for Clinical Efficacy. Glob Chall 2022; 6:2200001. [PMID: 35601599 PMCID: PMC9110919 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining an ample supply of personal protective equipment continues to be a challenge for the healthcare industry, especially during emergency situations and times of strain on the supply chain. Most critically, healthcare workers exposed to potential airborne hazards require sufficient respiratory protection. Respirators are the only type of personal protective equipment able to provide adequate respiratory protection. However, their ability to shield hazards depends on design, material, proper fit, and environmental conditions. As a result, not all respirators may be adequate for all scenarios. Additionally, factors including user comfort, ease of use, and cost contribute to respirator effectiveness. Therefore, a careful consideration of these parameters is essential for ensuring respiratory protection for those working in the healthcare industry. Here respirator design and material characteristics are reviewed, as well as properties of airborne hazards and potential filtration mechanisms, regulatory standards of governmental agencies, respirator efficacy in the clinical setting, attitude of healthcare personnel toward respiratory protection, and environmental and economic considerations of respirator manufacturing and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron C. Young
- Division of GastroenterologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical School75 Francis StBostonMA02115USA
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and BiochemistryNortheastern University300 Huntington AveBostonMA02115USA
| | - James D. Byrne
- Division of GastroenterologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical School75 Francis StBostonMA02115USA
- Harvard Radiation Oncology Program55 Fruit StBostonMA02114USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main St. Building 76CambridgeMA02142USA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AveCambridgeMA02139USA
- Department of Radiation OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital44 Binney StBostonMA02115USA
| | - Adam J. Wentworth
- Division of GastroenterologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical School75 Francis StBostonMA02115USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main St. Building 76CambridgeMA02142USA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AveCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Joy E. Collins
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main St. Building 76CambridgeMA02142USA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AveCambridgeMA02139USA
- Division of GastroenterologyMassachusetts General Hospital55 Fruit StBostonMA02114USA
| | - Jacqueline N. Chu
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main St. Building 76CambridgeMA02142USA
| | - Giovanni Traverso
- Division of GastroenterologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical School75 Francis StBostonMA02115USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main St. Building 76CambridgeMA02142USA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AveCambridgeMA02139USA
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17
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Hobbs CV, Woodworth K, Young CC, Jackson AM, Newhams MM, Dapul H, Maamari M, Hall MW, Maddux AB, Singh AR, Schuster JE, Rowan CM, Fitzgerald JC, Irby K, Kong M, Mack EH, Staat MA, Cvijanovich NZ, Bembea MM, Coates BM, Halasa NB, Walker TC, McLaughlin GE, Babbitt CJ, Nofziger RA, Loftis LL, Bradford TT, Campbell AP, Patel MM, Randolph AG. Frequency, Characteristics and Complications of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2022; 41:e81-e86. [PMID: 34955519 PMCID: PMC8828316 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in infants have incompletely characterized factors associated with severe illness or focused on infants born to mothers with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here we highlight demographics, clinical characteristics and laboratory values that differ between infants with and without severe acute COVID-19. METHODS Active surveillance was performed by the Overcoming COVID-19 network to identify children and adolescents with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-related illness hospitalized at 62 sites in 31 states from March 15 to December 27, 2020. We analyzed patients >7 days to <1 year old hospitalized with symptomatic acute COVID-19. RESULTS We report 232 infants >7 days to <1 year of age hospitalized with acute symptomatic COVID-19 from 37 US hospitals in our cohort from March 15 to December 27, 2020. Among 630 cases of severe COVID-19 in patients >7 days to <18 years old, 128 (20.3%) were infants. In infants with severe illness from the entire study period, the median age was 2 months, 66% were from racial and ethnic minority groups, 66% were previously healthy, 73% had respiratory complications, 13% received mechanical ventilation and <1% died. CONCLUSIONS Infants accounted for over a fifth of children <18 years of age hospitalized for severe acute COVID-19, commonly manifesting with respiratory symptoms and complications. Although most infants hospitalized with COVID-19 did not suffer significant complications, longer term outcomes remain unclear. Notably, 75% of infants with severe disease were <6 months of age in this cohort study period, which predated maternal COVID-19 vaccination, underscoring the importance of maternal vaccination for COVID-19 in protecting the mother and infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte V. Hobbs
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Disease, Microbiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Kate Woodworth
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Cameron C. Young
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ashley M. Jackson
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Margaret M. Newhams
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Heda Dapul
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, New York University Grossman School of Medicine and Hassenfeld Children’s Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Mia Maamari
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children’s Medical Center Dallas, Texas
| | - Mark W. Hall
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Aline B. Maddux
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Aalok R. Singh
- Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children’s Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Jennifer E. Schuster
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Courtney M. Rowan
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Julie C. Fitzgerald
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Katherine Irby
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Michele Kong
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Elizabeth H. Mack
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Mary A. Staat
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Natalie Z. Cvijanovich
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland, California
| | - Melania M. Bembea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bria M. Coates
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Natasha B. Halasa
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tracie C. Walker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Gwenn E. McLaughlin
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Christopher J. Babbitt
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Miller Children’s and Women’s Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach, California
| | - Ryan A. Nofziger
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, Ohio
| | - Laura L. Loftis
- Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Tamara T. Bradford
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children’s Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Angela P. Campbell
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Manish M. Patel
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Adrienne G. Randolph
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, New York University Grossman School of Medicine and Hassenfeld Children’s Hospital, New York, New York
- Department of Anaesthesia
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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18
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Mehta S, Young CC, Warren MR, Akhtar S, Shefelbine SJ, Crane JD, Bajpayee AG. Resveratrol and Curcumin Attenuate Ex Vivo Sugar-Induced Cartilage Glycation, Stiffening, Senescence, and Degeneration. Cartilage 2021; 13:1214S-1228S. [PMID: 33472415 PMCID: PMC8804818 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520988768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Advanced glycation end-product (AGE) accumulation is implicated in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis in aging and diabetic populations. Here, we develop a representative nonenzymatic glycation-induced OA cartilage explant culture model and investigate the effectiveness of resveratrol, curcumin, and eugenol in inhibiting AGEs and the structural and biological hallmarks of cartilage degeneration. DESIGN Bovine cartilage explants were treated with AGE-bovine serum albumin, threose, and ribose to determine the optimal conditions that induce physiological levels of AGEs while maintaining chondrocyte viability. AGE crosslinks, tissue stiffness, cell viability, metabolism and senescence, nitrite release and loss of glycosaminoglycans were assessed. Explants were cotreated with resveratrol, curcumin, or eugenol to evaluate their anti-AGE properties. Blind docking analysis was conducted to estimate binding energies of drugs with collagen II. RESULTS Treatment with 100 mM ribose significantly increased AGE crosslink formation and tissue stiffness, resulting in reduced chondrocyte metabolism and enhanced senescence. Blind docking analysis revealed stronger binding energies of both resveratrol and curcumin than ribose, with glycation sites along a human collagen II fragment, indicating their increased likelihood of competitively inhibiting ribose activity. Resveratrol and curcumin, but not eugenol, successfully inhibited AGE crosslink formation and its associated downstream biological response. CONCLUSIONS We establish a cartilage explant model of OA that recapitulates several aspects of aged human cartilage. We find that resveratrol and curcumin are effective anti-AGE therapeutics with the potential to decelerate age-related and diabetes-induced OA. This in vitro nonenzymatic glycation-induced model provides a tool for screening OA drugs, to simultaneously evaluate AGE-induced biological and mechanical changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikhar Mehta
- Department of Bioengineering,
Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cameron C. Young
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew R. Warren
- Department of Bioengineering,
Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sumayyah Akhtar
- Department of Biochemistry, Northeastern
University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandra J. Shefelbine
- Department of Bioengineering,
Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Mechanical &
Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin D. Crane
- Department of Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ambika G. Bajpayee
- Department of Bioengineering,
Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Mechanical &
Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA,Ambika G. Bajpayee, Department of
Bioengineering, Northeastern University, ISEC Room 216, 805 Columbus Avenue,
Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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19
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Geva A, Patel MM, Newhams MM, Young CC, Son MBF, Kong M, Maddux AB, Hall MW, Riggs BJ, Singh AR, Giuliano JS, Hobbs CV, Loftis LL, McLaughlin GE, Schwartz SP, Schuster JE, Babbitt CJ, Halasa NB, Gertz SJ, Doymaz S, Hume JR, Bradford TT, Irby K, Carroll CL, McGuire JK, Tarquinio KM, Rowan CM, Mack EH, Cvijanovich NZ, Fitzgerald JC, Spinella PC, Staat MA, Clouser KN, Soma VL, Dapul H, Maamari M, Bowens C, Havlin KM, Mourani PM, Heidemann SM, Horwitz SM, Feldstein LR, Tenforde MW, Newburger JW, Mandl KD, Randolph AG. Data-driven clustering identifies features distinguishing multisystem inflammatory syndrome from acute COVID-19 in children and adolescents. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 40:101112. [PMID: 34485878 PMCID: PMC8405351 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) consensus criteria were designed for maximal sensitivity and therefore capture patients with acute COVID-19 pneumonia. METHODS We performed unsupervised clustering on data from 1,526 patients (684 labeled MIS-C by clinicians) <21 years old hospitalized with COVID-19-related illness admitted between 15 March 2020 and 31 December 2020. We compared prevalence of assigned MIS-C labels and clinical features among clusters, followed by recursive feature elimination to identify characteristics of potentially misclassified MIS-C-labeled patients. FINDINGS Of 94 clinical features tested, 46 were retained for clustering. Cluster 1 patients (N = 498; 92% labeled MIS-C) were mostly previously healthy (71%), with mean age 7·2 ± 0·4 years, predominant cardiovascular (77%) and/or mucocutaneous (82%) involvement, high inflammatory biomarkers, and mostly SARS-CoV-2 PCR negative (60%). Cluster 2 patients (N = 445; 27% labeled MIS-C) frequently had pre-existing conditions (79%, with 39% respiratory), were similarly 7·4 ± 2·1 years old, and commonly had chest radiograph infiltrates (79%) and positive PCR testing (90%). Cluster 3 patients (N = 583; 19% labeled MIS-C) were younger (2·8 ± 2·0 y), PCR positive (86%), with less inflammation. Radiographic findings of pulmonary infiltrates and positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR accurately distinguished cluster 2 MIS-C labeled patients from cluster 1 patients. INTERPRETATION Using a data driven, unsupervised approach, we identified features that cluster patients into a group with high likelihood of having MIS-C. Other features identified a cluster of patients more likely to have acute severe COVID-19 pulmonary disease, and patients in this cluster labeled by clinicians as MIS-C may be misclassified. These data driven phenotypes may help refine the diagnosis of MIS-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Geva
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston,
These authors contributed equally to this work. A complete list of members and affiliations is provided in the Supplementary Appendix. MA, USA - Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manish M. Patel
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Margaret M. Newhams
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston,
These authors contributed equally to this work. A complete list of members and affiliations is provided in the Supplementary Appendix. MA, USA
| | - Cameron C. Young
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston,
These authors contributed equally to this work. A complete list of members and affiliations is provided in the Supplementary Appendix. MA, USA
| | - Mary Beth F. Son
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michele Kong
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Aline B. Maddux
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mark W. Hall
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Becky J. Riggs
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine; Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aalok R. Singh
- Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - John S. Giuliano
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Charlotte V. Hobbs
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Disease; Microbiology; University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Laura L. Loftis
- Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gwenn E. McLaughlin
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Stephanie P. Schwartz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Schuster
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | - Natasha B. Halasa
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shira J. Gertz
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ, USA
| | - Sule Doymaz
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Janet R. Hume
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tamara T. Bradford
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Katherine Irby
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - John K. McGuire
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Keiko M. Tarquinio
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Courtney M. Rowan
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Elizabeth H. Mack
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Julie C. Fitzgerald
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip C. Spinella
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mary A. Staat
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Katharine N. Clouser
- Department of Pediatrics, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Vijaya L. Soma
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, New York University Grossman School of Medicine and Hassenfeld Children's Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heda Dapul
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine and Hassenfeld Children's Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mia Maamari
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Health Medical Center Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Cindy Bowens
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Louisville, and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kevin M. Havlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Peter M. Mourani
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sabrina M. Heidemann
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Steven M. Horwitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Leora R. Feldstein
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark W. Tenforde
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jane W. Newburger
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth D. Mandl
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Departments of Biomedical Informatics and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adrienne G. Randolph
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston,
These authors contributed equally to this work. A complete list of members and affiliations is provided in the Supplementary Appendix. MA, USA - Departments of Anaesthesia and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Bader 634, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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20
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Son MBF, Murray N, Friedman K, Young CC, Newhams MM, Feldstein LR, Loftis LL, Tarquinio KM, Singh AR, Heidemann SM, Soma VL, Riggs BJ, Fitzgerald JC, Kong M, Doymaz S, Giuliano JS, Keenaghan MA, Hume JR, Hobbs CV, Schuster JE, Clouser KN, Hall MW, Smith LS, Horwitz SM, Schwartz SP, Irby K, Bradford TT, Maddux AB, Babbitt CJ, Rowan CM, McLaughlin GE, Yager PH, Maamari M, Mack EH, Carroll CL, Montgomery VL, Halasa NB, Cvijanovich NZ, Coates BM, Rose CE, Newburger JW, Patel MM, Randolph AG. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children - Initial Therapy and Outcomes. N Engl J Med 2021; 385:23-34. [PMID: 34133855 PMCID: PMC8220972 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2102605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assessment of real-world effectiveness of immunomodulatory medications for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) may guide therapy. METHODS We analyzed surveillance data on inpatients younger than 21 years of age who had MIS-C and were admitted to 1 of 58 U.S. hospitals between March 15 and October 31, 2020. The effectiveness of initial immunomodulatory therapy (day 0, indicating the first day any such therapy for MIS-C was given) with intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) plus glucocorticoids, as compared with IVIG alone, was evaluated with propensity-score matching and inverse probability weighting, with adjustment for baseline MIS-C severity and demographic characteristics. The primary outcome was cardiovascular dysfunction (a composite of left ventricular dysfunction or shock resulting in the use of vasopressors) on or after day 2. Secondary outcomes included the components of the primary outcome, the receipt of adjunctive treatment (glucocorticoids in patients not already receiving glucocorticoids on day 0, a biologic, or a second dose of IVIG) on or after day 1, and persistent or recurrent fever on or after day 2. RESULTS A total of 518 patients with MIS-C (median age, 8.7 years) received at least one immunomodulatory therapy; 75% had been previously healthy, and 9 died. In the propensity-score-matched analysis, initial treatment with IVIG plus glucocorticoids (103 patients) was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular dysfunction on or after day 2 than IVIG alone (103 patients) (17% vs. 31%; risk ratio, 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34 to 0.94). The risks of the components of the composite outcome were also lower among those who received IVIG plus glucocorticoids: left ventricular dysfunction occurred in 8% and 17% of the patients, respectively (risk ratio, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.19 to 1.15), and shock resulting in vasopressor use in 13% and 24% (risk ratio, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.29 to 1.00). The use of adjunctive therapy was lower among patients who received IVIG plus glucocorticoids than among those who received IVIG alone (34% vs. 70%; risk ratio, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.65), but the risk of fever was unaffected (31% and 40%, respectively; risk ratio, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.53 to 1.13). The inverse-probability-weighted analysis confirmed the results of the propensity-score-matched analysis. CONCLUSIONS Among children and adolescents with MIS-C, initial treatment with IVIG plus glucocorticoids was associated with a lower risk of new or persistent cardiovascular dysfunction than IVIG alone. (Funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth F Son
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Nancy Murray
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Kevin Friedman
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Cameron C Young
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Margaret M Newhams
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Leora R Feldstein
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Laura L Loftis
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Keiko M Tarquinio
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Aalok R Singh
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Sabrina M Heidemann
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Vijaya L Soma
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Becky J Riggs
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Julie C Fitzgerald
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Michele Kong
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Sule Doymaz
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - John S Giuliano
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Michael A Keenaghan
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Janet R Hume
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Charlotte V Hobbs
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Jennifer E Schuster
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Katharine N Clouser
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Mark W Hall
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Lincoln S Smith
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Steven M Horwitz
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Stephanie P Schwartz
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Katherine Irby
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Tamara T Bradford
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Aline B Maddux
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Christopher J Babbitt
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Courtney M Rowan
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Gwenn E McLaughlin
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Phoebe H Yager
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Mia Maamari
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Elizabeth H Mack
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Christopher L Carroll
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Vicki L Montgomery
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Natasha B Halasa
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Natalie Z Cvijanovich
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Bria M Coates
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Charles E Rose
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Jane W Newburger
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Manish M Patel
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
| | - Adrienne G Randolph
- From the Division of Immunology (M.B.F.S.), and the Departments of Cardiology (K.F., J.W.N.) and Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (C.C.Y., M.M.N., A.G.R.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children (P.H.Y.), and the Departments of Anesthesia (A.G.R.) and Pediatrics (M.B.F.S., K.F., P.H.Y., J.W.N., A.G.R.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.M., L.R.F., C.E.R., M.M.P.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (K.M.T.) - both in Atlanta; the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville (L.R.F., M.M.P.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (B.J.R.) - both in Maryland; the Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (L.L.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas (M.M.); the Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla (A.R.S.), the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (V.L.S.), and the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University (S.D.), and Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital (M.A.K.), Brooklyn - all in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Central Michigan University, Detroit (S.M. Heidemann); the Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.C.F.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven (J.S.G.), and the Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford (C.L.C.) - both in Connecticut; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (J.R.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.V.H.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (J.E.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack (K.N.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutger's University, New Brunswick (S.M. Horwitz) - both in New Jersey; the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (M.W.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (L.S.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill (S.P.S.); the Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock (K.I.); the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans (T.T.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (A.B.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach (C.J.B.), and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland (N.Z.C.) - both in California; the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis (C.M.R.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (G.E.M.); the Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.H.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY (V.L.M.); the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (N.B.H.); and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago (B.M.C.)
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21
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Byrne JD, Young CC, Chu JN, Pursley J, Chen MX, Wentworth AJ, Feng A, Kirtane AR, Remillard KA, Hancox CI, Bhagwat MS, Machado N, Hua T, Tamang SM, Collins JE, Ishida K, Hayward A, Becker SL, Edgington SK, Schoenfeld JD, Jeck WR, Hur C, Traverso G. Personalized Radiation Attenuating Materials for Gastrointestinal Mucosal Protection. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:2100510. [PMID: 34194950 PMCID: PMC8224439 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer patients undergoing therapeutic radiation routinely develop injury of the adjacent gastrointestinal (GI) tract mucosa due to treatment. To reduce radiation dose to critical GI structures including the rectum and oral mucosa, 3D-printed GI radioprotective devices composed of high-Z materials are generated from patient CT scans. In a radiation proctitis rat model, a significant reduction in crypt injury is demonstrated with the device compared to without (p < 0.0087). Optimal device placement for radiation attenuation is further confirmed in a swine model. Dosimetric modeling in oral cavity cancer patients demonstrates a 30% radiation dose reduction to the normal buccal mucosa and a 15.2% dose reduction in the rectum for prostate cancer patients with the radioprotectant material in place compared to without. Finally, it is found that the rectal radioprotectant device is more cost-effective compared to a hydrogel rectal spacer. Taken together, these data suggest that personalized radioprotectant devices may be used to reduce GI tissue injury in cancer patients undergoing therapeutic radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Byrne
- Division of GastroenterologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical School75 Francis St.BostonMA02115USA
- Harvard Radiation Oncology Program55 Fruit StreetBostonMA02114USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main St Building 76CambridgeMA02142USA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AveCambridgeMA02139USA
- Department of Radiation OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital44 Binney St.BostonMA02115USA
| | - Cameron C. Young
- Division of GastroenterologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical School75 Francis St.BostonMA02115USA
| | - Jacqueline N. Chu
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main St Building 76CambridgeMA02142USA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AveCambridgeMA02139USA
- Division of GastroenterologyMassachusetts General Hospital55 Fruit St.BostonMA02114USA
| | - Jennifer Pursley
- Division of Medical PhysicsDepartment of Radiation OncologyMassachusetts General Hospital450 Brookline AvenueBostonMA02115USA
| | - Mu Xian Chen
- Division of GastroenterologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical School75 Francis St.BostonMA02115USA
| | - Adam J. Wentworth
- Division of GastroenterologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical School75 Francis St.BostonMA02115USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main St Building 76CambridgeMA02142USA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AveCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Annie Feng
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main St Building 76CambridgeMA02142USA
| | - Ameya R. Kirtane
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main St Building 76CambridgeMA02142USA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AveCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Kyla A. Remillard
- Division of Medical PhysicsDepartment of Radiation OncologyMassachusetts General Hospital450 Brookline AvenueBostonMA02115USA
| | - Cindy I. Hancox
- Department of Radiation OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital44 Binney St.BostonMA02115USA
| | - Mandar S. Bhagwat
- Division of Medical PhysicsDepartment of Radiation OncologyMassachusetts General Hospital450 Brookline AvenueBostonMA02115USA
| | - Nicole Machado
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main St Building 76CambridgeMA02142USA
| | - Tiffany Hua
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main St Building 76CambridgeMA02142USA
| | - Siddartha M. Tamang
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main St Building 76CambridgeMA02142USA
| | - Joy E. Collins
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main St Building 76CambridgeMA02142USA
| | - Keiko Ishida
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main St Building 76CambridgeMA02142USA
| | - Alison Hayward
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main St Building 76CambridgeMA02142USA
- Division of Comparative MedicineMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyBuilding 16‐825, 77 Massachusetts AveCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Sarah L. Becker
- Division of GastroenterologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical School75 Francis St.BostonMA02115USA
| | - Samantha K. Edgington
- Division of Medical PhysicsDepartment of Radiation OncologyMassachusetts General Hospital450 Brookline AvenueBostonMA02115USA
| | - Jonathan D. Schoenfeld
- Department of Radiation OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital44 Binney St.BostonMA02115USA
| | | | - Chin Hur
- Department of MedicineColumbia University Medical Center622 West 168th Street, PH 9‐105New YorkNY10032USA
- Department of EpidemiologyMailman School of Public Health and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer CenterColumbia University Medical Center722 West 168th St.New YorkNY10032USA
| | - Giovanni Traverso
- Division of GastroenterologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical School75 Francis St.BostonMA02115USA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AveCambridgeMA02139USA
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22
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LaRovere KL, Riggs BJ, Poussaint TY, Young CC, Newhams MM, Maamari M, Walker TC, Singh AR, Dapul H, Hobbs CV, McLaughlin GE, Son MBF, Maddux AB, Clouser KN, Rowan CM, McGuire JK, Fitzgerald JC, Gertz SJ, Shein SL, Munoz AC, Thomas NJ, Irby K, Levy ER, Staat MA, Tenforde MW, Feldstein LR, Halasa NB, Giuliano JS, Hall MW, Kong M, Carroll CL, Schuster JE, Doymaz S, Loftis LL, Tarquinio KM, Babbitt CJ, Nofziger RA, Kleinman LC, Keenaghan MA, Cvijanovich NZ, Spinella PC, Hume JR, Wellnitz K, Mack EH, Michelson KN, Flori HR, Patel MM, Randolph AG. Neurologic Involvement in Children and Adolescents Hospitalized in the United States for COVID-19 or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome. JAMA Neurol 2021; 78:536-547. [PMID: 33666649 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Importance Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects the nervous system in adult patients. The spectrum of neurologic involvement in children and adolescents is unclear. Objective To understand the range and severity of neurologic involvement among children and adolescents associated with COVID-19. Setting, Design, and Participants Case series of patients (age <21 years) hospitalized between March 15, 2020, and December 15, 2020, with positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 test result (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and/or antibody) at 61 US hospitals in the Overcoming COVID-19 public health registry, including 616 (36%) meeting criteria for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Patients with neurologic involvement had acute neurologic signs, symptoms, or diseases on presentation or during hospitalization. Life-threatening involvement was adjudicated by experts based on clinical and/or neuroradiologic features. Exposures Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Main Outcomes and Measures Type and severity of neurologic involvement, laboratory and imaging data, and outcomes (death or survival with new neurologic deficits) at hospital discharge. Results Of 1695 patients (909 [54%] male; median [interquartile range] age, 9.1 [2.4-15.3] years), 365 (22%) from 52 sites had documented neurologic involvement. Patients with neurologic involvement were more likely to have underlying neurologic disorders (81 of 365 [22%]) compared with those without (113 of 1330 [8%]), but a similar number were previously healthy (195 [53%] vs 723 [54%]) and met criteria for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (126 [35%] vs 490 [37%]). Among those with neurologic involvement, 322 (88%) had transient symptoms and survived, and 43 (12%) developed life-threatening conditions clinically adjudicated to be associated with COVID-19, including severe encephalopathy (n = 15; 5 with splenial lesions), stroke (n = 12), central nervous system infection/demyelination (n = 8), Guillain-Barré syndrome/variants (n = 4), and acute fulminant cerebral edema (n = 4). Compared with those without life-threatening conditions (n = 322), those with life-threatening neurologic conditions had higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (median, 12.2 vs 4.4) and higher reported frequency of D-dimer greater than 3 μg/mL fibrinogen equivalent units (21 [49%] vs 72 [22%]). Of 43 patients who developed COVID-19-related life-threatening neurologic involvement, 17 survivors (40%) had new neurologic deficits at hospital discharge, and 11 patients (26%) died. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, many children and adolescents hospitalized for COVID-19 or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children had neurologic involvement, mostly transient symptoms. A range of life-threatening and fatal neurologic conditions associated with COVID-19 infrequently occurred. Effects on long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes are unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri L LaRovere
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Becky J Riggs
- Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tina Y Poussaint
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cameron C Young
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Margaret M Newhams
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mia Maamari
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Health Medical Center Dallas
| | - Tracie C Walker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill
| | - Aalok R Singh
- Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla
| | - Heda Dapul
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York
| | - Charlotte V Hobbs
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Gwenn E McLaughlin
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Mary Beth F Son
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aline B Maddux
- Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora
| | - Katharine N Clouser
- Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | - Courtney M Rowan
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis
| | - John K McGuire
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Julie C Fitzgerald
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Shira J Gertz
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, New Jersey
| | - Steven L Shein
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Alvaro Coronado Munoz
- Pediatric Critical Care Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston
| | - Neal J Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Children's Hospital, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey
| | - Katherine Irby
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock
| | - Emily R Levy
- Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mary A Staat
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mark W Tenforde
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.,Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Leora R Feldstein
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.,Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Natasha B Halasa
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John S Giuliano
- Division of Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mark W Hall
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michele Kong
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | | | - Jennifer E Schuster
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Sule Doymaz
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn
| | - Laura L Loftis
- Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston
| | - Keiko M Tarquinio
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Ryan A Nofziger
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, Ohio
| | - Lawrence C Kleinman
- Division of Population Health, Quality, and Implementation Sciences (PopQuIS), Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Michael A Keenaghan
- Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Natalie Z Cvijanovich
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland
| | - Philip C Spinella
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Janet R Hume
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis
| | - Kari Wellnitz
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Elizabeth H Mack
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Kelly N Michelson
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Heidi R Flori
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Mott Children's Hospital and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Manish M Patel
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.,Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Adrienne G Randolph
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Departments of Anaesthesia and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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23
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Feldstein LR, Tenforde MW, Friedman KG, Newhams M, Rose EB, Dapul H, Soma VL, Maddux AB, Mourani PM, Bowens C, Maamari M, Hall MW, Riggs BJ, Giuliano JS, Singh AR, Li S, Kong M, Schuster JE, McLaughlin GE, Schwartz SP, Walker TC, Loftis LL, Hobbs CV, Halasa NB, Doymaz S, Babbitt CJ, Hume JR, Gertz SJ, Irby K, Clouser KN, Cvijanovich NZ, Bradford TT, Smith LS, Heidemann SM, Zackai SP, Wellnitz K, Nofziger RA, Horwitz SM, Carroll RW, Rowan CM, Tarquinio KM, Mack EH, Fitzgerald JC, Coates BM, Jackson AM, Young CC, Son MBF, Patel MM, Newburger JW, Randolph AG. Characteristics and Outcomes of US Children and Adolescents With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Compared With Severe Acute COVID-19. JAMA 2021; 325:1074-1087. [PMID: 33625505 PMCID: PMC7905703 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.2091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 526] [Impact Index Per Article: 175.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Refinement of criteria for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) may inform efforts to improve health outcomes. OBJECTIVE To compare clinical characteristics and outcomes of children and adolescents with MIS-C vs those with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SETTING, DESIGN, AND PARTICIPANTS Case series of 1116 patients aged younger than 21 years hospitalized between March 15 and October 31, 2020, at 66 US hospitals in 31 states. Final date of follow-up was January 5, 2021. Patients with MIS-C had fever, inflammation, multisystem involvement, and positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or antibody test results or recent exposure with no alternate diagnosis. Patients with COVID-19 had positive RT-PCR test results and severe organ system involvement. EXPOSURE SARS-CoV-2. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Presenting symptoms, organ system complications, laboratory biomarkers, interventions, and clinical outcomes. Multivariable regression was used to compute adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) of factors associated with MIS-C vs COVID-19. RESULTS Of 1116 patients (median age, 9.7 years; 45% female), 539 (48%) were diagnosed with MIS-C and 577 (52%) with COVID-19. Compared with patients with COVID-19, patients with MIS-C were more likely to be 6 to 12 years old (40.8% vs 19.4%; absolute risk difference [RD], 21.4% [95% CI, 16.1%-26.7%]; aRR, 1.51 [95% CI, 1.33-1.72] vs 0-5 years) and non-Hispanic Black (32.3% vs 21.5%; RD, 10.8% [95% CI, 5.6%-16.0%]; aRR, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.17-1.76] vs White). Compared with patients with COVID-19, patients with MIS-C were more likely to have cardiorespiratory involvement (56.0% vs 8.8%; RD, 47.2% [95% CI, 42.4%-52.0%]; aRR, 2.99 [95% CI, 2.55-3.50] vs respiratory involvement), cardiovascular without respiratory involvement (10.6% vs 2.9%; RD, 7.7% [95% CI, 4.7%-10.6%]; aRR, 2.49 [95% CI, 2.05-3.02] vs respiratory involvement), and mucocutaneous without cardiorespiratory involvement (7.1% vs 2.3%; RD, 4.8% [95% CI, 2.3%-7.3%]; aRR, 2.29 [95% CI, 1.84-2.85] vs respiratory involvement). Patients with MIS-C had higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (median, 6.4 vs 2.7, P < .001), higher C-reactive protein level (median, 152 mg/L vs 33 mg/L; P < .001), and lower platelet count (<150 ×103 cells/μL [212/523 {41%} vs 84/486 {17%}, P < .001]). A total of 398 patients (73.8%) with MIS-C and 253 (43.8%) with COVID-19 were admitted to the intensive care unit, and 10 (1.9%) with MIS-C and 8 (1.4%) with COVID-19 died during hospitalization. Among patients with MIS-C with reduced left ventricular systolic function (172/503, 34.2%) and coronary artery aneurysm (57/424, 13.4%), an estimated 91.0% (95% CI, 86.0%-94.7%) and 79.1% (95% CI, 67.1%-89.1%), respectively, normalized within 30 days. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This case series of patients with MIS-C and with COVID-19 identified patterns of clinical presentation and organ system involvement. These patterns may help differentiate between MIS-C and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leora R. Feldstein
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Mark W. Tenforde
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kevin G. Friedman
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Margaret Newhams
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erica Billig Rose
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Heda Dapul
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York
| | - Vijaya L. Soma
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York
| | - Aline B. Maddux
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora
| | - Peter M. Mourani
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora
| | - Cindy Bowens
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Children’s Medical Center Dallas, Dallas
| | - Mia Maamari
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Children’s Medical Center Dallas, Dallas
| | - Mark W. Hall
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Becky J. Riggs
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John S. Giuliano
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Aalok R. Singh
- Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children’s Hospital at Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla
| | - Simon Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children’s Hospital, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Michele Kong
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Jennifer E. Schuster
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Gwenn E. McLaughlin
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Stephanie P. Schwartz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Children’s Hospital
| | - Tracie C. Walker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Children’s Hospital
| | - Laura L. Loftis
- Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Charlotte V. Hobbs
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Natasha B. Halasa
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sule Doymaz
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Christopher J. Babbitt
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children’s and Women’s Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach, California
| | - Janet R. Hume
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Minnesota Masonic Children’s Hospital, Minneapolis
| | - Shira J. Gertz
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, New Jersey
| | - Katherine Irby
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock
| | - Katharine N. Clouser
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | - Natalie Z. Cvijanovich
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland, Oakland, California
| | - Tamara T. Bradford
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children’s Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans
| | - Lincoln S. Smith
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Sabrina M. Heidemann
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University, Detroit
| | - Sheemon P. Zackai
- Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at the Mount Sinai Kravis Children’s Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Kari Wellnitz
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City
| | - Ryan A. Nofziger
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, Ohio
| | - Steven M. Horwitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Ryan W. Carroll
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Courtney M. Rowan
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis
| | - Keiko M. Tarquinio
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elizabeth H. Mack
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Julie C. Fitzgerald
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Bria M. Coates
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ashley M. Jackson
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Cameron C. Young
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mary Beth F. Son
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Manish M. Patel
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Jane W. Newburger
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adrienne G. Randolph
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Departments of Anesthesia and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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24
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Abstract
Biological systems overwhelmingly comprise charged entities generating electrical activity that can have significant impact on biological structure and function. This intrinsic bio-electrical activity can also be harnessed for overcoming the tissue matrix and cell membrane barriers, which have been outstanding challenges for targeted drug delivery, by using rationally designed cationic carriers. The weak and reversible long-range electrostatic interactions with fixed negatively charged groups facilitate electro-diffusive transport of cationic therapeutics through full-tissue thickness to effectively reach intra-tissue, cellular, and intracellular target sites. This article presents a perspective on the promise of using rationally designed cationic biomaterials in targeted drug delivery, the underlying charge-based mechanisms, and bio-transport phenomena while addressing outstanding concerns around toxicity and methods to mitigate them. We also discuss electrically charged drugs that are currently being evaluated in clinical trials and identify areas of further development that have the potential to usher in new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron C Young
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Armin Vedadghavami
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ambika G Bajpayee
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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25
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Kleinerman O, Parra-Vasquez ANG, Green MJ, Behabtu N, Schmidt J, Kesselman E, Young CC, Cohen Y, Pasquali M, Talmon Y. Cryogenic-temperature electron microscopy direct imaging of carbon nanotubes and graphene solutions in superacids. J Microsc 2015; 259:16-25. [PMID: 25818279 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is a powerful tool for imaging liquid and semiliquid systems. While cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) is a standard technique in many fields, cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) is still not that widely used and is far less developed. The vast majority of systems under investigation by cryo-EM involve either water or organic components. In this paper, we introduce the use of novel cryo-TEM and cryo-SEM specimen preparation and imaging methodologies, suitable for highly acidic and very reactive systems. Both preserve the native nanostructure in the system, while not harming the expensive equipment or the user. We present examples of direct imaging of single-walled, multiwalled carbon nanotubes and graphene, dissolved in chlorosulfonic acid and oleum. Moreover, we demonstrate the ability of these new cryo-TEM and cryo-SEM methodologies to follow phase transitions in carbon nanotube (CNT)/superacid systems, starting from dilute solutions up to the concentrated nematic liquid-crystalline CNT phases, used as the 'dope' for all-carbon-fibre spinning. Originally developed for direct imaging of CNTs and graphene dissolution and self-assembly in superacids, these methodologies can be implemented for a variety of highly acidic systems, paving a way for a new field of nonaqueous cryogenic electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kleinerman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - A Nicholas G Parra-Vasquez
- The Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - M J Green
- The Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.,Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, U.S.A
| | - N Behabtu
- The Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - J Schmidt
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - E Kesselman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - C C Young
- The Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Y Cohen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - M Pasquali
- The Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.,Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.,Department of Materials Science & NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Y Talmon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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26
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Fairchild SB, Boeckl J, Back TC, Ferguson JB, Koerner H, Murray PT, Maruyama B, Lange MA, Cahay MM, Behabtu N, Young CC, Pasquali M, Lockwood NP, Averett KL, Gruen G, Tsentalovich DE. Morphology dependent field emission of acid-spun carbon nanotube fibers. Nanotechnology 2015; 26:105706. [PMID: 25694166 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/10/105706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Acid spun carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers were investigated for their field emission properties and performance was determined to be dependent on fiber morphology. The fibers were fabricated by wet-spinning of pre-made CNTs. Fiber morphology was controlled by a fabrication method and processing conditions, as well as purity, size, and type of the CNT starting material. The internal fiber structure consisted of CNT fibrils held together by van der Waals forces. Alignment and packing density of the CNTs affects the fiber's electrical and thermal conductivity. Fibers with similar diameters and differing morphology were compared, and those composed of the most densely packed and well aligned CNTs were the best field emitters as exhibited by a lower turn-on voltage and a larger field enhancement factor. Fibers with higher electrical and thermal conductivity demonstrated higher maximum current before failure and longer lifetimes. A stable emission current at 3 mA was obtained for 10 h at a field strength of <1 V μm(-1). This stable high current operation makes these CNT fibers excellent candidates for use as low voltage electron sources for vacuum electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Fairchild
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA
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27
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Young CC, Champion JD. P4.033 Examining Depressive Symptoms and Substance Use in High Risk Mexican American and African American Adolescent Women. Sex Transm Infect 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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28
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Garra Tico J, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Stugu B, Brown DN, Kerth LT, Kolomensky YG, Lynch G, Koch H, Schroeder T, Asgeirsson DJ, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Khan A, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Yushkov AN, Bondioli M, Kirkby D, Lankford AJ, Mandelkern M, Atmacan H, Gary JW, Liu F, Long O, Vitug GM, Campagnari C, Hong TM, Kovalskyi D, Richman JD, West CA, Eisner AM, Kroseberg J, Lockman WS, Martinez AJ, Schumm BA, Seiden A, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Rakitin AY, Andreassen R, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Bloom PC, Ford WT, Gaz A, Nauenberg U, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Ayad R, Toki WH, Spaan B, Schubert KR, Schwierz R, Bernard D, Verderi M, Clark PJ, Playfer S, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Munerato M, Piemontese L, Santoro V, Baldini-Ferroli R, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rama M, Zallo A, Contri R, Guido E, Lo Vetere M, Monge MR, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Robutti E, Bhuyan B, Prasad V, Lee CL, Morii M, Edwards AJ, Adametz A, Uwer U, Lacker HM, Lueck T, Dauncey PD, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Meyer WT, Prell S, Rubin AE, Gritsan AV, Guo ZJ, Arnaud N, Davier M, Derkach D, Grosdidier G, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Malaescu B, Roudeau P, Schune MH, Stocchi A, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Chavez CA, Coleman JP, Fry JR, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Sigamani M, Cowan G, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Fritsch M, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Prencipe E, Barlow RJ, Jackson G, Lafferty GD, Behn E, Cenci R, Hamilton B, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Dallapiccola C, Cowan R, Dujmic D, Sciolla G, Cheaib R, Lindemann D, Patel PM, Robertson SH, Biassoni P, Neri N, Palombo F, Stracka S, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Kroeger R, Sonnek P, Summers DJ, Nguyen X, Simard M, Taras P, De Nardo G, Monorchio D, Onorato G, Sciacca C, Martinelli M, Raven G, Jessop CP, Losecco JM, Wang WF, Honscheid K, Kass R, Brau J, Frey R, Sinev NB, Strom D, Torrence E, Feltresi E, Gagliardi N, Margoni M, Morandin M, Pompili A, Posocco M, Rotondo M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Briand H, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Hamon O, Leruste P, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Sitt S, Biasini M, Manoni E, Pacetti S, Rossi A, Angelini C, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Cervelli A, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Perez A, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Lopes Pegna D, Olsen J, Smith AJS, Telnov AV, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Gaspero M, Li Gioi L, Mazzoni MA, Piredda G, Bünger C, Grünberg O, Hartmann T, Leddig T, Schröder H, Voss C, Waldi R, Adye T, Olaiya EO, Wilson FF, Emery S, Hamel de Monchenault G, Vasseur G, Yèche C, Aston D, Bard DJ, Bartoldus R, Benitez JF, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Franco Sevilla M, Fulsom BG, Gabareen AM, Graham MT, Grenier P, Hast C, Innes WR, Kelsey MH, Kim P, Kocian ML, Leith DWGS, Lewis P, Lindquist B, Luitz S, Luth V, Lynch HL, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Nelson S, Perl M, Pulliam T, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Salnikov AA, Schindler RH, Snyder A, Su D, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wagner AP, Wisniewski WJ, Wittgen M, Wright DH, Wulsin HW, Young CC, Ziegler V, Park W, Purohit MV, White RM, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Miyashita TS, Puccio EMT, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Lund P, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Ruland AM, Schwitters RF, Wray BC, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, Gamba D, Zambito S, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Bernabeu J, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Villanueva-Perez P, Ahmed H, Albert J, Banerjee S, Bernlochner FU, Choi HHF, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lewczuk MJ, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Band HR, Dasu S, Pan Y, Prepost R, Wu SL. Observation of time-reversal violation in the B0 meson system. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:211801. [PMID: 23215586 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.211801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Although CP violation in the B meson system has been well established by the B factories, there has been no direct observation of time-reversal violation. The decays of entangled neutral B mesons into definite flavor states (B(0) or B(0)), and J/ψK(L)(0) or ccK(S)(0) final states (referred to as B(+) or B(-)), allow comparisons between the probabilities of four pairs of T-conjugated transitions, for example, B(0) → B(-) and B(-) → B(0), as a function of the time difference between the two B decays. Using 468 × 10(6) BB pairs produced in Υ(4S) decays collected by the BABAR detector at SLAC, we measure T-violating parameters in the time evolution of neutral B mesons, yielding ΔS(T)(+) = -1.37 ± 0.14(stat) ± 0.06(syst) and ΔS(T)(-) = 1.17 ± 0.18(stat) ± 0.11(syst). These nonzero results represent the first direct observation of T violation through the exchange of initial and final states in transitions that can only be connected by a T-symmetry transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
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29
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Garra Tico J, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Stugu B, Brown DN, Kerth LT, Kolomensky YG, Lynch G, Koch H, Schroeder T, Asgeirsson DJ, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Khan A, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Yushkov AN, Bondioli M, Kirkby D, Lankford AJ, Mandelkern M, Atmacan H, Gary JW, Liu F, Long O, Vitug GM, Campagnari C, Hong TM, Kovalskyi D, Richman JD, West CA, Eisner AM, Kroseberg J, Lockman WS, Martinez AJ, Schumm BA, Seiden A, Winstrom L, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Rakitin AY, Andreassen R, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Bloom PC, Ford WT, Gaz A, Nauenberg U, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Ayad R, Toki WH, Spaan B, Schubert KR, Schwierz R, Bernard D, Verderi M, Clark PJ, Playfer S, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Munerato M, Piemontese L, Santoro V, Baldini-Ferroli R, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rama M, Zallo A, Contri R, Guido E, Lo Vetere M, Monge MR, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Robutti E, Bhuyan B, Prasad V, Lee CL, Morii M, Edwards AJ, Adametz A, Uwer U, Lacker HM, Lueck T, Dauncey PD, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Meyer WT, Prell S, Rubin AE, Gritsan AV, Guo ZJ, Arnaud N, Davier M, Derkach D, Grosdidier G, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Malaescu B, Roudeau P, Schune MH, Stocchi A, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Chavez CA, Coleman JP, Fry JR, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Sigamani M, Cowan G, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Fritsch M, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Prencipe E, Barlow RJ, Jackson G, Lafferty GD, Behn E, Cenci R, Hamilton B, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Dallapiccola C, Cowan R, Dujmic D, Sciolla G, Cheaib R, Lindemann D, Patel PM, Robertson SH, Biassoni P, Neri N, Palombo F, Stracka S, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Kroeger R, Sonnek P, Summers DJ, Nguyen X, Simard M, Taras P, De Nardo G, Monorchio D, Onorato G, Sciacca C, Martinelli M, Raven G, Jessop CP, Knoepfel K, Losecco JM, Wang WF, Honscheid K, Kass R, Brau J, Frey R, Lu M, Sinev NB, Strom D, Torrence E, Feltresi E, Gagliardi N, Margoni M, Morandin M, Posocco M, Rotondo M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Briand H, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Hamon O, Leruste P, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Sitt S, Biasini M, Manoni E, Pacetti S, Rossi A, Angelini C, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Cervelli A, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Perez A, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Lopes Pegna D, Olsen J, Smith AJS, Telnov AV, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Gaspero M, Li Gioi L, Mazzoni MA, Piredda G, Bünger C, Grünberg O, Hartmann T, Leddig T, Schröder H, Voss C, Waldi R, Adye T, Olaiya EO, Wilson FF, Emery S, Hamel de Monchenault G, Vasseur G, Yèche C, Aston D, Bard DJ, Bartoldus R, Bechtle P, Benitez JF, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Franco Sevilla M, Fulsom BG, Gabareen AM, Graham MT, Grenier P, Hast C, Innes WR, Kelsey MH, Kim P, Kocian ML, Leith DWGS, Lewis P, Lindquist B, Luitz S, Luth V, Lynch HL, Macfarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Nelson S, Perl M, Pulliam T, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Salnikov AA, Schindler RH, Snyder A, Su D, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wagner AP, Wisniewski WJ, Wittgen M, Wright DH, Wulsin HW, Young CC, Ziegler V, Park W, Purohit MV, White RM, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Miyashita TS, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Lund P, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Ruland AM, Schwitters RF, Wray BC, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, Gamba D, Zambito S, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Ahmed H, Albert J, Banerjee S, Bernlochner FU, Choi HHF, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lewczuk MJ, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Puccio EMT, Band HR, Dasu S, Pan Y, Prepost R, Wu SL. Precision measurement of the B → Xs γ photon energy spectrum, branching fraction, and direct CP asymmetry A(CP)((B → X(s+d)γ). Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:191801. [PMID: 23215373 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.191801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The photon spectrum in the inclusive electromagnetic radiative decays of the B meson, B → X(s)γ plus B → X(d)γ, is studied using a data sample of (382.8 ± 4.2) × 10(6)Υ(4S) → BB decays collected by the BABAR experiment at SLAC. The spectrum is used to extract the branching fraction B(B → X(s)γ) = (3.21 ± 0.33) × 10(-4) for E(γ) >1.8 GeV and the direct CP asymmetry A(CP) (B → X(s+d)γ) = 0.057 ± 0.063. The effects of detector resolution and Doppler smearing are unfolded to measure the photon energy spectrum in the B meson rest frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Garra Tico J, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Stugu B, Brown DN, Kerth LT, Kolomensky YG, Lynch G, Koch H, Schroeder T, Asgeirsson DJ, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Khan A, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Yushkov AN, Bondioli M, Kirkby D, Lankford AJ, Mandelkern M, Atmacan H, Gary JW, Liu F, Long O, Vitug GM, Campagnari C, Hong TM, Kovalskyi D, Richman JD, West CA, Eisner AM, Kroseberg J, Lockman WS, Martinez AJ, Schumm BA, Seiden A, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Rakitin AY, Andreassen R, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Bloom PC, Ford WT, Gaz A, Nauenberg U, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Ayad R, Toki WH, Spaan B, Schubert KR, Schwierz R, Bernard D, Verderi M, Clark PJ, Playfer S, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Munerato M, Piemontese L, Santoro V, Baldini-Ferroli R, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rama M, Zallo A, Contri R, Guido E, Lo Vetere M, Monge MR, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Robutti E, Bhuyan B, Prasad V, Lee CL, Morii M, Edwards AJ, Adametz A, Uwer U, Lacker HM, Lueck T, Dauncey PD, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Meyer WT, Prell S, Rubin AE, Gritsan AV, Guo ZJ, Arnaud N, Davier M, Derkach D, Grosdidier G, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Malaescu B, Roudeau P, Schune MH, Stocchi A, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Chavez CA, Coleman JP, Fry JR, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Sigamani M, Cowan G, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Fritsch M, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Prencipe E, Barlow RJ, Jackson G, Lafferty GD, Behn E, Cenci R, Hamilton B, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Dallapiccola C, Cowan R, Dujmic D, Sciolla G, Cheaib R, Lindemann D, Patel PM, Robertson SH, Biassoni P, Neri N, Palombo F, Stracka S, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Kroeger R, Sonnek P, Summers DJ, Nguyen X, Simard M, Taras P, De Nardo G, Monorchio D, Onorato G, Sciacca C, Martinelli M, Raven G, Jessop CP, LoSecco JM, Wang WF, Honscheid K, Kass R, Brau J, Frey R, Sinev NB, Strom D, Torrence E, Feltresi E, Gagliardi N, Margoni M, Morandin M, Posocco M, Rotondo M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Briand H, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Hamon O, Leruste P, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Sitt S, Biasini M, Manoni E, Pacetti S, Rossi A, Angelini C, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Cervelli A, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Perez A, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Lopes Pegna D, Olsen J, Smith AJS, Telnov AV, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Gaspero M, Li Gioi L, Mazzoni MA, Piredda G, Bünger C, Grünberg O, Hartmann T, Leddig T, Schröder H, Voss C, Waldi R, Adye T, Olaiya EO, Wilson FF, Emery S, Hamel de Monchenault G, Vasseur G, Yèche C, Aston D, Bard DJ, Bartoldus R, Benitez JF, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Franco Sevilla M, Fulsom BG, Gabareen AM, Graham MT, Grenier P, Hast C, Innes WR, Kelsey MH, Kim P, Kocian ML, Leith DWGS, Lewis P, Lindquist B, Luitz S, Luth V, Lynch HL, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Nelson S, Perl M, Pulliam T, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Salnikov AA, Schindler RH, Snyder A, Su D, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wagner AP, Wisniewski WJ, Wittgen M, Wright DH, Wulsin HW, Young CC, Ziegler V, Park W, Purohit MV, White RM, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Miyashita TS, Puccio EMT, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Lund P, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Ruland AM, Schwitters RF, Wray BC, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, Gamba D, Zambito S, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Ahmed H, Albert J, Banerjee S, Bernlochner FU, Choi HHF, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lewczuk MJ, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Band HR, Dasu S, Pan Y, Prepost R, Wu SL. Evidence for an excess of B→D*τ(-)ν(τ) decays. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:101802. [PMID: 23005279 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.101802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Based on the full BABAR data sample, we report improved measurements of the ratios R(D(*))=B(B[over ¯]→D(*)τ(-)ν[over ¯](τ))/B(B[over ¯]→D(*)ℓ(ℓ)(-)ν[over ¯](ℓ)), where ℓ is either e or μ. These ratios are sensitive to new physics contributions in the form of a charged Higgs boson. We measure R(D)=0.440±0.058±0.042 and R(D(*))=0.332±0.024±0.018, which exceed the standard model expectations by 2.0σ and 2.7σ, respectively. Taken together, our results disagree with these expectations at the 3.4σ level. This excess cannot be explained by a charged Higgs boson in the type II two-Higgs-doublet model.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Garra Tico J, Grauges E, Milanes DA, Palano A, Pappagallo M, Eigen G, Stugu B, Brown DN, Kerth LT, Kolomensky YG, Lynch G, Koch H, Schroeder T, Asgeirsson DJ, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, Khan A, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Yushkov AN, Bondioli M, Kirkby D, Lankford AJ, Mandelkern M, Atmacan H, Gary JW, Liu F, Long O, Vitug GM, Campagnari C, Hong TM, Kovalskyi D, Richman JD, West CA, Eisner AM, Kroseberg J, Lockman WS, Martinez AJ, Schalk T, Schumm BA, Seiden A, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Doll DA, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Rakitin AY, Andreassen R, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Bloom PC, Ford WT, Gaz A, Nagel M, Nauenberg U, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Ayad R, Toki WH, Spaan B, Kobel MJ, Schubert KR, Schwierz R, Bernard D, Verderi M, Clark PJ, Playfer S, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Munerato M, Negrini M, Piemontese L, Santoro V, Baldini-Ferroli R, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rama M, Zallo A, Contri R, Guido E, Lo Vetere M, Monge MR, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Robutti E, Bhuyan B, Prasad V, Lee CL, Morii M, Edwards AJ, Adametz A, Marks J, Uwer U, Lacker HM, Lueck T, Dauncey PD, Behera PK, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Meyer WT, Prell S, Rubin AE, Gritsan AV, Guo ZJ, Arnaud N, Davier M, Derkach D, Grosdidier G, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Malaescu B, Roudeau P, Schune MH, Stocchi A, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Bingham I, Chavez CA, Coleman JP, Fry JR, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Sigamani M, Cowan G, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Fritsch M, Gradl W, Hafner A, Prencipe E, Bailey D, Barlow RJ, Jackson G, Lafferty GD, Behn E, Cenci R, Hamilton B, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Simi G, Dallapiccola C, Cowan R, Dujmic D, Sciolla G, Cheaib R, Lindemann D, Patel PM, Robertson SH, Schram M, Biassoni P, Neri N, Palombo F, Stracka S, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Kroeger R, Sonnek P, Summers DJ, Nguyen X, Simard M, Taras P, De Nardo G, Monorchio D, Onorato G, Sciacca C, Martinelli M, Raven G, Jessop CP, Knoepfel KJ, Losecco JM, Wang WF, Honscheid K, Kass R, Brau J, Frey R, Sinev NB, Strom D, Torrence E, Feltresi E, Gagliardi N, Margoni M, Morandin M, Posocco M, Rotondo M, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Briand H, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Hamon O, Leruste P, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Sitt S, Biasini M, Manoni E, Pacetti S, Rossi A, Angelini C, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Cervelli A, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Perez A, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Lopes Pegna D, Olsen J, Smith AJS, Telnov AV, Anulli F, Cavoto G, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Gaspero M, Li Gioi L, Mazzoni MA, Piredda G, Bünger C, Grünberg O, Hartmann T, Leddig T, Schröder H, Voss C, Waldi R, Adye T, Olaiya EO, Wilson FF, Emery S, Hamel de Monchenault G, Vasseur G, Yèche C, Aston D, Bard DJ, Bartoldus R, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Franco Sevilla M, Fulsom BG, Gabareen AM, Graham MT, Grenier P, Hast C, Innes WR, Kelsey MH, Kim P, Kocian ML, Leith DWGS, Lewis P, Lindquist B, Luitz S, Luth V, Lynch HL, Macfarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Nelson S, Perl M, Pulliam T, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Salnikov AA, Schindler RH, Snyder A, Su D, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wagner AP, Weaver M, Wisniewski WJ, Wittgen M, Wright DH, Wulsin HW, Young CC, Ziegler V, Park W, Purohit MV, White RM, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Bellis M, Benitez JF, Burchat PR, Miyashita TS, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Lund P, Spanier SM, Eckmann R, Ritchie JL, Ruland AM, Schilling CJ, Schwitters RF, Wray BC, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, Gamba D, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Ahmed H, Albert J, Banerjee S, Bernlochner FU, Choi HHF, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lewczuk MJ, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Puccio EMT, Band HR, Dasu S, Pan Y, Prepost R, Wu SL. Search for low-mass dark-sector Higgs bosons. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:211801. [PMID: 23003239 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.211801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent astrophysical and terrestrial experiments have motivated the proposal of a dark sector with GeV-scale gauge boson force carriers and new Higgs bosons. We present a search for a dark Higgs boson using 516 fb(-1) of data collected with the BABAR detector. We do not observe a significant signal and we set 90% confidence level upper limits on the product of the standard model-dark-sector mixing angle and the dark-sector coupling constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Garra Tico J, Grauges E, Martinelli M, Milanes DA, Palano A, Pappagallo M, Eigen G, Stugu B, Brown DN, Kerth LT, Kolomensky YG, Lynch G, Koch H, Schroeder T, Asgeirsson DJ, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Khan A, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Yushkov AN, Bondioli M, Kirkby D, Lankford AJ, Mandelkern M, Stoker DP, Atmacan H, Gary JW, Liu F, Long O, Vitug GM, Campagnari C, Hong TM, Kovalskyi D, Richman JD, West CA, Eisner AM, Kroseberg J, Lockman WS, Martinez AJ, Schalk T, Schumm BA, Seiden A, Cheng CH, Doll DA, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Rakitin AY, Andreassen R, Dubrovin MS, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Bloom PC, Ford WT, Gaz A, Nagel M, Nauenberg U, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Ayad R, Toki WH, Spaan B, Kobel MJ, Schubert KR, Schwierz R, Bernard D, Verderi M, Clark PJ, Playfer S, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Munerato M, Negrini M, Piemontese L, Santoro V, Baldini-Ferroli R, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Nicolaci M, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rama M, Zallo A, Contri R, Guido E, Lo Vetere M, Monge MR, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Robutti E, Bhuyan B, Prasad V, Lee CL, Morii M, Edwards AJ, Adametz A, Marks J, Uwer U, Bernlochner FU, Ebert M, Lacker HM, Lueck T, Dauncey PD, Tibbetts M, Behera PK, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Meyer WT, Prell S, Rosenberg EI, Rubin AE, Gritsan AV, Guo ZJ, Arnaud N, Davier M, Grosdidier G, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Malaescu B, Roudeau P, Schune MH, Stocchi A, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Bingham I, Chavez CA, Coleman JP, Fry JR, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Sigamani M, Cowan G, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Fritsch M, Gradl W, Hafner A, Prencipe E, Alwyn KE, Bailey D, Barlow RJ, Jackson G, Lafferty GD, Behn E, Cenci R, Hamilton B, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Simi G, Dallapiccola C, Cowan R, Dujmic D, Sciolla G, Lindemann D, Patel PM, Robertson SH, Schram M, Biassoni P, Lazzaro A, Lombardo V, Neri N, Palombo F, Stracka S, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Kroeger R, Sonnek P, Summers DJ, Nguyen X, Taras P, De Nardo G, Monorchio D, Onorato G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Snoek HL, Jessop CP, Knoepfel KJ, LoSecco JM, Wang WF, Honscheid K, Kass R, Brau J, Frey R, Sinev NB, Strom D, Torrence E, Feltresi E, Gagliardi N, Margoni M, Morandin M, Posocco M, Rotondo M, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Briand H, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Hamon O, Leruste P, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Sitt S, Biasini M, Manoni E, Pacetti S, Rossi A, Angelini C, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Cervelli A, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Perez A, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Lopes Pegna D, Lu C, Olsen J, Smith AJS, Telnov AV, Anulli F, Cavoto G, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Gaspero M, Li Gioi L, Mazzoni MA, Piredda G, Bünger C, Grünberg O, Hartmann T, Leddig T, Schröder H, Waldi R, Adye T, Olaiya EO, Wilson FF, Emery S, Hamel de Monchenault G, Vasseur G, Yèche C, Aston D, Bard DJ, Bartoldus R, Benitez JF, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dunwoodie W, Field RC, Franco Sevilla M, Fulsom BG, Gabareen AM, Graham MT, Grenier P, Hast C, Innes WR, Kelsey MH, Kim H, Kim P, Kocian ML, Leith DWGS, Lewis P, Li S, Lindquist B, Luitz S, Luth V, Lynch HL, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Nelson S, Ofte I, Perl M, Pulliam T, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Salnikov AA, Schindler RH, Snyder A, Su D, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wagner AP, Weaver M, Wisniewski WJ, Wittgen M, Wright DH, Wulsin HW, Yarritu AK, Young CC, Ziegler V, Park W, Purohit MV, White RM, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Miyashita TS, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Lund P, Spanier SM, Eckmann R, Ritchie JL, Ruland AM, Schilling CJ, Schwitters RF, Wray BC, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, Gamba D, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Ahmed H, Albert J, Banerjee S, Choi HHF, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lewczuk MJ, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Puccio EMT, Band HR, Dasu S, Pan Y, Prepost R, Wu SL. Search for hadronic decays of a light Higgs boson in the radiative decay Υ→γA0. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:221803. [PMID: 22182022 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.221803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We search for hadronic decays of a light Higgs boson (A(0)) produced in radiative decays of an Υ(2S) or Υ(3S) meson, Υ→γA(0). The data have been recorded by the BABAR experiment at the Υ(3S) and Υ(2S) center-of-mass energies and include (121.3±1.2)×10(6) Υ(3S) and (98.3±0.9)×10(6) Υ(2S) mesons. No significant signal is observed. We set 90% confidence level upper limits on the product branching fractions B(Υ(nS)→γA(0))B(A(0)→hadrons) (n=2 or 3) that range from 1×10(-6) for an A(0) mass of 0.3 GeV/c(2) to 8×10(-5) at 7 GeV/c(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3,F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
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Sanchez PDA, Lees JP, Poireau V, Prencipe E, Tisserand V, Garra Tico J, Grauges E, Martinelli M, Palano A, Pappagallo M, Eigen G, Stugu B, Sun L, Battaglia M, Brown DN, Hooberman B, Kerth LT, Kolomensky YG, Lynch G, Osipenkov IL, Tanabe T, Hawkes CM, Watson AT, Koch H, Schroeder T, Asgeirsson DJ, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, Khan A, Randle-Conde A, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Yushkov AN, Bondioli M, Curry S, Kirkby D, Lankford AJ, Mandelkern M, Martin EC, Stoker DP, Atmacan H, Gary JW, Liu F, Long O, Vitug GM, Campagnari C, Hong TM, Kovalskyi D, Richman JD, Eisner AM, Heusch CA, Kroseberg J, Lockman WS, Martinez AJ, Schalk T, Schumm BA, Seiden A, Winstrom LO, Cheng CH, Doll DA, Echenard B, Hitlin DG, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Rakitin AY, Andreassen R, Dubrovin MS, Mancinelli G, Meadows BT, Sokoloff MD, Bloom PC, Ford WT, Gaz A, Nagel M, Nauenberg U, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Ayad R, Toki WH, Jasper H, Karbach TM, Merkel J, Petzold A, Spaan B, Wacker K, Kobel MJ, Schubert KR, Schwierz R, Bernard D, Verderi M, Clark PJ, Playfer S, Watson JE, Andreotti M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cecchi A, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Franchini P, Luppi E, Munerato M, Negrini M, Petrella A, Piemontese L, Baldini-Ferroli R, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Nicolaci M, Pacetti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rama M, Zallo A, Contri R, Guido E, Lo Vetere M, Monge MR, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Robutti E, Tosi S, Bhuyan B, Prasad V, Lee CL, Morii M, Adametz A, Marks J, Schenk S, Uwer U, Bernlochner FU, Ebert M, Lacker HM, Lueck T, Volk A, Dauncey PD, Tibbetts M, Behera PK, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Crawley HB, Dong L, Meyer WT, Prell S, Rosenberg EI, Rubin AE, Gao YY, Gritsan AV, Guo ZJ, Arnaud N, Davier M, Derkach D, da Costa JF, Grosdidier G, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Malaescu B, Perez A, Roudeau P, Schune MH, Serrano J, Sordini V, Stocchi A, Wang L, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Bingham I, Chavez CA, Coleman JP, Fry JR, Gabathuler E, Gamet R, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Sigamani M, Cowan G, Paramesvaran S, Wren AC, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Fritsch M, Gradl W, Hafner A, Alwyn KE, Bailey D, Barlow RJ, Jackson G, Lafferty GD, West TJ, Anderson J, Cenci R, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Simi G, Tuggle JM, Dallapiccola C, Salvati E, Cowan R, Dujmic D, Fisher PH, Sciolla G, Zhao M, Lindemann D, Patel PM, Robertson SH, Schram M, Biassoni P, Lazzaro A, Lombardo V, Palombo F, Stracka S, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Kroeger R, Sonnek P, Summers DJ, Nguyen X, Simard M, Taras P, De Nardo G, Monorchio D, Onorato G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Snoek HL, Jessop CP, Knoepfel KJ, LoSecco JM, Wang WF, Corwin LA, Honscheid K, Kass R, Morris JP, Rahimi AM, Blount NL, Brau J, Frey R, Igonkina O, Kolb JA, Rahmat R, Sinev NB, Strom D, Strube J, Torrence E, Castelli G, Feltresi E, Gagliardi N, Margoni M, Morandin M, Posocco M, Rotondo M, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Ben-Haim E, Bonneaud GR, Briand H, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Hamon O, Leruste P, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Prendki J, Sitt S, Biasini M, Manoni E, Rossi A, Angelini C, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Cervelli A, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Neri N, Paoloni E, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Pegna DL, Lu C, Olsen J, Smith AJS, Telnov AV, Anulli F, Baracchini E, Cavoto G, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Gaspero M, Li Gioi L, Mazzoni MA, Piredda G, Renga F, Hartmann T, Leddig T, Schröder H, Waldi R, Adye T, Franek B, Olaiya EO, Wilson FF, Emery S, de Monchenault GH, Vasseur G, Yèche C, Zito M, Allen MT, Aston D, Bard DJ, Bartoldus R, Benitez JF, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dunwoodie W, Field RC, Sevilla MF, Fulsom BG, Gabareen AM, Graham MT, Grenier P, Hast C, Innes WR, Kelsey MH, Kim H, Kim P, Kocian ML, Leith DWGS, Li S, Lindquist B, Luitz S, Luth V, Lynch HL, MacFarlane DB, Marsiske H, Muller DR, Neal H, Nelson S, O'Grady CP, Ofte I, Perl M, Pulliam T, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Salnikov AA, Santoro V, Schindler RH, Schwiening J, Snyder A, Su D, Sullivan MK, Sun S, Suzuki K, Thompson JM, Va'vra J, Wagner AP, Weaver M, West CA, Wisniewski WJ, Wittgen M, Wright DH, Wulsin HW, Yarritu AK, Young CC, Ziegler V, Chen XR, Park W, Purohit MV, White RM, Wilson JR, Sekula SJ, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Edwards AJ, Miyashita TS, Ahmed S, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Pan B, Saeed MA, Zain SB, Guttman N, Soffer A, Lund P, Spanier SM, Eckmann R, Ritchie JL, Ruland AM, Schilling CJ, Schwitters RF, Wray BC, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, Gamba D, Pelliccioni M, Bomben M, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Lopez-March N, Martinez-Vidal F, Milanes DA, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Banerjee S, Choi HHF, Hamano K, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lewczuk MJ, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Puccio EMT, Band HR, Dasu S, Flood KT, Pan Y, Prepost R, Vuosalo CO, Wu SL. Observation of the decay B- → D(s)((*)+) K- ℓ- ν(ℓ). Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:041804. [PMID: 21866995 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.041804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of the decay B- → D(s)((*)+) K- ℓ- ν(ℓ) based on 342 fb(-1) of data collected at the Υ(4S) resonance with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e+ e- storage rings at SLAC. A simultaneous fit to three D(s)(+) decay chains is performed to extract the signal yield from measurements of the squared missing mass in the B meson decay. We observe the decay B- → D(s)((*)+) K- ℓ- ν(ℓ) with a significance greater than 5 standard deviations (including systematic uncertainties) and measure its branching fraction to be B(B- → D(s)((*)+) K- ℓ- ν(ℓ)) = [6.13(-1.03)(+1.04)(stat)±0.43(syst)±0.51(B(D(s)))]×10(-4), where the last error reflects the limited knowledge of the D(s) branching fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P del Amo Sanchez
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
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del Amo Sanchez P, Lees JP, Poireau V, Prencipe E, Tisserand V, Garra Tico J, Grauges E, Martinelli M, Milanes DA, Palano A, Pappagallo M, Eigen G, Stugu B, Sun L, Brown DN, Chistiakova MV, Jensen F, Kerth LT, Kolomensky YG, Lynch G, Osipenkov IL, Koch H, Schroeder T, Asgeirsson DJ, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, Khan A, Randle-Conde A, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Yushkov AN, Bondioli M, Curry S, Kirkby D, Lankford AJ, Mandelkern M, Martin EC, Stoker DP, Atmacan H, Gary JW, Liu F, Long O, Vitug GM, Campagnari C, Hong TM, Kovalskyi D, Richman JD, West C, Eisner AM, Heusch CA, Kroseberg J, Lockman WS, Martinez AJ, Schalk T, Schumm BA, Seiden A, Winstrom LO, Cheng CH, Doll DA, Echenard B, Hitlin DG, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Rakitin AY, Andreassen R, Dubrovin MS, Mancinelli G, Meadows BT, Sokoloff MD, Bloom PC, Ford WT, Gaz A, Nagel M, Nauenberg U, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Ayad R, Toki WH, Jasper H, Karbach TM, Petzold A, Spaan B, Kobel MJ, Schubert KR, Schwierz R, Bernard D, Verderi M, Clark PJ, Playfer S, Watson JE, Andreotti M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cecchi A, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Franchini P, Garzia I, Luppi E, Munerato M, Negrini M, Petrella A, Piemontese L, Baldini-Ferroli R, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Nicolaci M, Pacetti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rama M, Zallo A, Contri R, Guido E, Lo Vetere M, Monge MR, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Robutti E, Tosi S, Bhuyan B, Prasad V, Lee CL, Morii M, Adametz A, Marks J, Uwer U, Bernlochner FU, Ebert M, Lacker HM, Lueck T, Volk A, Dauncey PD, Tibbetts M, Behera PK, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Crawley HB, Dong L, Meyer WT, Prell S, Rosenberg EI, Rubin AE, Gritsan AV, Guo ZJ, Arnaud N, Davier M, Derkach D, Firmino da Costa J, Grosdidier G, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Malaescu B, Perez A, Roudeau P, Schune MH, Serrano J, Sordini V, Stocchi A, Wang L, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Bingham I, Chavez CA, Coleman JP, Fry JR, Gabathuler E, Gamet R, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Sigamani M, Cowan G, Paramesvaran S, Wren AC, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Fritsch M, Gradl W, Hafner A, Alwyn KE, Bailey D, Barlow RJ, Jackson G, Lafferty GD, Anderson J, Cenci R, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Simi G, Tuggle JM, Dallapiccola C, Salvati E, Cowan R, Dujmic D, Sciolla G, Zhao M, Lindemann D, Patel PM, Robertson SH, Schram M, Biassoni P, Lazzaro A, Lombardo V, Palombo F, Stracka S, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Kroeger R, Sonnek P, Summers DJ, Nguyen X, Simard M, Taras P, De Nardo G, Monorchio D, Onorato G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Snoek HL, Jessop CP, Knoepfel KJ, LoSecco JM, Wang WF, Corwin LA, Honscheid K, Kass R, Morris JP, Blount NL, Brau J, Frey R, Igonkina O, Kolb JA, Rahmat R, Sinev NB, Strom D, Strube J, Torrence E, Castelli G, Feltresi E, Gagliardi N, Margoni M, Morandin M, Posocco M, Rotondo M, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Ben-Haim E, Bonneaud GR, Briand H, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Hamon O, Leruste P, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Prendki J, Sitt S, Biasini M, Manoni E, Rossi A, Angelini C, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Cervelli A, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Neri N, Paoloni E, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Lopes Pegna D, Lu C, Olsen J, Smith AJS, Telnov AV, Anulli F, Baracchini E, Cavoto G, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Gaspero M, Li Gioi L, Mazzoni MA, Piredda G, Renga F, Hartmann T, Leddig T, Schröder H, Waldi R, Adye T, Franek B, Olaiya EO, Wilson FF, Emery S, Hamel de Monchenault G, Vasseur G, Yèche C, Zito M, Allen MT, Aston D, Bard DJ, Bartoldus R, Benitez JF, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dunwoodie W, Field RC, Franco Sevilla M, Fulsom BG, Gabareen AM, Graham MT, Grenier P, Hast C, Innes WR, Kelsey MH, Kim H, Kim P, Kocian ML, Leith DWGS, Li S, Lindquist B, Luitz S, Luth V, Lynch HL, MacFarlane DB, Marsiske H, Muller DR, Neal H, Nelson S, O'Grady CP, Ofte I, Perl M, Pulliam T, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Salnikov AA, Santoro V, Schindler RH, Schwiening J, Snyder A, Su D, Sullivan MK, Sun S, Suzuki K, Thompson JM, Va'vra J, Wagner AP, Weaver M, Wisniewski WJ, Wittgen M, Wright DH, Wulsin HW, Yarritu AK, Young CC, Ziegler V, Chen XR, Park W, Purohit MV, White RM, Wilson JR, Sekula SJ, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Edwards AJ, Miyashita TS, Ahmed S, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Pan B, Saeed MA, Zain SB, Guttman N, Soffer A, Lund P, Spanier SM, Eckmann R, Ritchie JL, Ruland AM, Schilling CJ, Schwitters RF, Wray BC, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, Gamba D, Pelliccioni M, Bomben M, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Lopez-March N, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Banerjee S, Choi HHF, Hamano K, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lewczuk MJ, Lindsay C, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Puccio EMT, Band HR, Dasu S, Flood KT, Pan Y, Prepost R, Vuosalo CO, Wu SL. Search for production of invisible final states in single-photon decays of Υ(1S). Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:021804. [PMID: 21797597 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.021804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We search for single-photon decays of the Υ(1S) resonance, Υ → γ + invisible, where the invisible state is either a particle of definite mass, such as a light Higgs boson A⁰, or a pair of dark matter particles, χχ. Both A⁰ and χ are assumed to have zero spin. We tag Υ(1S) decays with a dipion transition Υ(2S) → π⁺π⁻Υ(1S) and look for events with a single energetic photon and significant missing energy. We find no evidence for such processes in the mass range m(A⁰) ≤ 9.2 GeV and m(χ) ≤ 4.5 GeV in the sample of 98 × 10⁶ Υ(2S) decays collected with the BABAR detector and set stringent limits on new physics models that contain light dark matter states.
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Affiliation(s)
- P del Amo Sanchez
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
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del Amo Sanchez P, Lees JP, Poireau V, Prencipe E, Tisserand V, Garra Tico J, Grauges E, Martinelli M, Palano A, Pappagallo M, Eigen G, Stugu B, Sun L, Battaglia M, Brown DN, Hooberman B, Kerth LT, Kolomensky YG, Lynch G, Osipenkov IL, Tanabe T, Hawkes CM, Watson AT, Koch H, Schroeder T, Asgeirsson DJ, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, Khan A, Randle-Conde A, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Yushkov AN, Bondioli M, Curry S, Kirkby D, Lankford AJ, Mandelkern M, Martin EC, Stoker DP, Atmacan H, Gary JW, Liu F, Long O, Vitug GM, Campagnari C, Hong TM, Kovalskyi D, Richman JD, Eisner AM, Heusch CA, Kroseberg J, Lockman WS, Martinez AJ, Schalk T, Schumm BA, Seiden A, Winstrom LO, Cheng CH, Doll DA, Echenard B, Hitlin DG, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Rakitin AY, Andreassen R, Dubrovin MS, Mancinelli G, Meadows BT, Sokoloff MD, Bloom PC, Ford WT, Gaz A, Nagel M, Nauenberg U, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Ayad R, Toki WH, Jasper H, Karbach TM, Merkel J, Petzold A, Spaan B, Wacker K, Kobel MJ, Schubert KR, Schwierz R, Bernard D, Verderi M, Clark PJ, Playfer S, Watson JE, Andreotti M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cecchi A, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Franchini P, Luppi E, Munerato M, Negrini M, Petrella A, Piemontese L, Baldini-Ferroli R, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Nicolaci M, Pacetti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rama M, Zallo A, Contri R, Guido E, Lo Vetere M, Monge MR, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Robutti E, Tosi S, Bhuyan B, Prasad V, Lee CL, Morii M, Adametz A, Marks J, Uwer U, Bernlochner FU, Ebert M, Lacker HM, Lueck T, Volk A, Dauncey PD, Tibbetts M, Behera PK, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Crawley HB, Dong L, Meyer WT, Prell S, Rosenberg EI, Rubin AE, Gao YY, Gritsan AV, Guo ZJ, Arnaud N, Davier M, Derkach D, Firmino da Costa J, Grosdidier G, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Malaescu B, Perez A, Roudeau P, Schune MH, Serrano J, Sordini V, Stocchi A, Wang L, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Bingham I, Chavez CA, Coleman JP, Fry JR, Gabathuler E, Gamet R, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Sigamani M, Cowan G, Paramesvaran S, Wren AC, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Fritsch M, Gradl W, Hafner A, Alwyn KE, Bailey D, Barlow RJ, Jackson G, Lafferty GD, West TJ, Anderson J, Cenci R, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Simi G, Tuggle JM, Dallapiccola C, Salvati E, Cowan R, Dujmic D, Fisher PH, Sciolla G, Zhao M, Lindemann D, Patel PM, Robertson SH, Schram M, Biassoni P, Lazzaro A, Lombardo V, Palombo F, Stracka S, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Kroeger R, Sonnek P, Summers DJ, Nguyen X, Simard M, Taras P, De Nardo G, Monorchio D, Onorato G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Snoek HL, Jessop CP, Knoepfel KJ, LoSecco JM, Wang WF, Corwin LA, Honscheid K, Kass R, Morris JP, Blount NL, Brau J, Frey R, Igonkina O, Kolb JA, Rahmat R, Sinev NB, Strom D, Strube J, Torrence E, Castelli G, Feltresi E, Gagliardi N, Margoni M, Morandin M, Posocco M, Rotondo M, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Ben-Haim E, Bonneaud GR, Briand H, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Hamon O, Leruste P, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Prendki J, Sitt S, Biasini M, Manoni E, Rossi A, Angelini C, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Cervelli A, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Neri N, Paoloni E, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Lopes Pegna D, Lu C, Olsen J, Smith AJS, Telnov AV, Anulli F, Baracchini E, Cavoto G, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Gaspero M, Li Gioi L, Mazzoni MA, Piredda G, Renga F, Hartmann T, Leddig T, Schröder H, Waldi R, Adye T, Franek B, Olaiya EO, Wilson FF, Emery S, Hamel de Monchenault G, Vasseur G, Yèche C, Zito M, Allen MT, Aston D, Bard DJ, Bartoldus R, Benitez JF, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dunwoodie W, Field RC, Franco Sevilla M, Fulsom BG, Gabareen AM, Graham MT, Grenier P, Hast C, Innes WR, Kelsey MH, Kim H, Kim P, Kocian ML, Leith DWGS, Li S, Lindquist B, Luitz S, Luth V, Lynch HL, MacFarlane DB, Marsiske H, Muller DR, Neal H, Nelson S, O'Grady CP, Ofte I, Perl M, Pulliam T, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Salnikov AA, Santoro V, Schindler RH, Schwiening J, Snyder A, Su D, Sullivan MK, Sun S, Suzuki K, Thompson JM, Va'vra J, Wagner AP, Weaver M, West CA, Wisniewski WJ, Wittgen M, Wright DH, Wulsin HW, Yarritu AK, Young CC, Ziegler V, Chen XR, Park W, Purohit MV, White RM, Wilson JR, Sekula SJ, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Edwards AJ, Miyashita TS, Ahmed S, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Pan B, Saeed MA, Zain SB, Guttman N, Soffer A, Lund P, Spanier SM, Eckmann R, Ritchie JL, Ruland AM, Schilling CJ, Schwitters RF, Wray BC, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, Gamba D, Pelliccioni M, Bomben M, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Lopez-March N, Martinez-Vidal F, Milanes DA, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Banerjee S, Choi HHF, Hamano K, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lewczuk MJ, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Puccio EMT, Band HR, Dasu S, Flood KT, Pan Y, Prepost R, Vuosalo CO, Wu SL. Search for f(J)(2220) in radiative J/ψ decays. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:172001. [PMID: 21231035 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.172001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a search for f(J)(2220) production in radiative J/ψ→γf(J)(2220) decays using 460 fb⁻¹ of data collected with the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II e(+)e⁻ collider. The f(J)(2220) is searched for in the decays to K(+)K⁻ and K(S)⁰K(S)⁰. No evidence of this resonance is observed, and 90% confidence level upper limits on the product of the branching fractions for J/ψ→γf(J)(2220) and f(J)(2220)→K(+)K⁻(K(S)⁰K(S)⁰) as a function of spin and helicity are set at the level of 10⁻⁵, below the central values reported by the Mark III experiment.
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del Amo Sanchez P, Lees JP, Poireau V, Prencipe E, Tisserand V, Garra Tico J, Grauges E, Martinelli M, Palano A, Pappagallo M, Eigen G, Stugu B, Sun L, Battaglia M, Brown DN, Hooberman B, Kerth LT, Kolomensky YG, Lynch G, Osipenkov IL, Tanabe T, Hawkes CM, Watson AT, Koch H, Schroeder T, Asgeirsson DJ, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, Khan A, Randle-Conde A, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Yushkov AN, Bondioli M, Curry S, Kirkby D, Lankford AJ, Mandelkern M, Martin EC, Stoker DP, Atmacan H, Gary JW, Liu F, Long O, Vitug GM, Campagnari C, Hong TM, Kovalskyi D, Richman JD, Eisner AM, Heusch CA, Kroseberg J, Lockman WS, Martinez AJ, Schalk T, Schumm BA, Seiden A, Winstrom LO, Cheng CH, Doll DA, Echenard B, Hitlin DG, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Rakitin AY, Andreassen R, Dubrovin MS, Mancinelli G, Meadows BT, Sokoloff MD, Bloom PC, Ford WT, Gaz A, Hirschauer JF, Nagel M, Nauenberg U, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Ayad R, Toki WH, Karbach TM, Merkel J, Petzold A, Spaan B, Wacker K, Kobel MJ, Schubert KR, Schwierz R, Bernard D, Verderi M, Clark PJ, Playfer S, Watson JE, Andreotti M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cecchi A, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Franchini P, Luppi E, Munerato M, Negrini M, Petrella A, Piemontese L, Baldini-Ferroli R, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Nicolaci M, Pacetti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rama M, Zallo A, Contri R, Guido E, Lo Vetere M, Monge MR, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Robutti E, Tosi S, Bhuyan B, Morii M, Adametz A, Marks J, Schenk S, Uwer U, Bernlochner FU, Lacker HM, Lueck T, Volk A, Dauncey PD, Tibbetts M, Behera PK, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Crawley HB, Dong L, Meyer WT, Prell S, Rosenberg EI, Rubin AE, Gao YY, Gritsan AV, Guo ZJ, Arnaud N, Davier M, Derkach D, Firmino da Costa J, Grosdidier G, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Malaescu B, Perez A, Roudeau P, Schune MH, Serrano J, Sordini V, Stocchi A, Wang L, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Bingham I, Burke JP, Chavez CA, Coleman JP, Fry JR, Gabathuler E, Gamet R, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Sigamani M, Cowan G, Paramesvaran S, Wren AC, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Fritsch M, Gradl W, Hafner A, Alwyn KE, Bailey D, Barlow RJ, Jackson G, Lafferty GD, West TJ, Anderson J, Cenci R, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Simi G, Tuggle JM, Dallapiccola C, Salvati E, Cowan R, Dujmic D, Fisher PH, Sciolla G, Zhao M, Lindemann D, Patel PM, Robertson SH, Schram M, Biassoni P, Lazzaro A, Lombardo V, Palombo F, Stracka S, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Kroeger R, Sonnek P, Summers DJ, Zhao HW, Nguyen X, Simard M, Taras P, De Nardo G, Monorchio D, Onorato G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Snoek HL, Jessop CP, Knoepfel KJ, LoSecco JM, Wang WF, Corwin LA, Honscheid K, Kass R, Morris JP, Rahimi AM, Blount NL, Brau J, Frey R, Igonkina O, Kolb JA, Rahmat R, Sinev NB, Strom D, Strube J, Torrence E, Castelli G, Feltresi E, Gagliardi N, Margoni M, Morandin M, Posocco M, Rotondo M, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Ben-Haim E, Bonneaud GR, Briand H, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Hamon O, Leruste P, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Prendki J, Sitt S, Biasini M, Manoni E, Angelini C, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Cervelli A, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Neri N, Paoloni E, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Lopes Pegna D, Lu C, Olsen J, Smith AJS, Telnov AV, Anulli F, Baracchini E, Cavoto G, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Gaspero M, Li Gioi L, Mazzoni MA, Piredda G, Renga F, Ebert M, Hartmann T, Leddig T, Schröder H, Waldi R, Adye T, Franek B, Olaiya EO, Wilson FF, Emery S, Hamel de Monchenault G, Vasseur G, Yèche C, Zito M, Aitchison IJR, Allen MT, Aston D, Bard DJ, Bartoldus R, Benitez JF, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dunwoodie W, Field RC, Franco Sevilla M, Fulsom BG, Gabareen AM, Graham MT, Grenier P, Hast C, Innes WR, Kelsey MH, Kim H, Kim P, Kocian ML, Leith DWGS, Li S, Lindquist B, Luitz S, Luth V, Lynch HL, MacFarlane DB, Marsiske H, Muller DR, Neal H, Nelson S, O'Grady CP, Ofte I, Perl M, Pulliam T, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Salnikov AA, Santoro V, Schindler RH, Schwiening J, Snyder A, Su D, Sullivan MK, Sun S, Suzuki K, Thompson JM, Va'vra J, Wagner AP, Weaver M, West CA, Wisniewski WJ, Wittgen M, Wright DH, Wulsin HW, Yarritu AK, Young CC, Ziegler V, Chen XR, Park W, Purohit MV, White RM, Wilson JR, Sekula SJ, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Edwards AJ, Miyashita TS, Ahmed S, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Pan B, Saeed MA, Zain SB, Guttman N, Soffer A, Lund P, Spanier SM, Eckmann R, Ritchie JL, Ruland AM, Schilling CJ, Schwitters RF, Wray BC, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, Gamba D, Pelliccioni M, Bomben M, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Lopez-March N, Martinez-Vidal F, Milanes DA, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Banerjee S, Choi HHF, Hamano K, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lewczuk MJ, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Ilic J, Latham TE, Puccio EMT, Band HR, Chen X, Dasu S, Flood KT, Pan Y, Prepost R, Vuosalo CO, Wu SL. Evidence for direct CP violation in the measurement of the Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa angle γ with B∓ → D(*)K(*)∓ decays. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:121801. [PMID: 20867628 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.121801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report the measurement of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa CP-violating angle γ through a Dalitz plot analysis of neutral D-meson decays to K(S)(0) π+ π- and K(S)(0) K+ K- produced in the processes B∓ → DK∓, B∓ D* K∓ with D* → Dπ(0), Dγ, and B∓ → DK*∓ with K*∓ → K(S)(0) π∓, using 468 million BB pairs collected by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e+ e- collider at SLAC. We measure γ = (68 ± 14 ± 4 ± 3)° (modulo 180°), where the first error is statistical, the second is the experimental systematic uncertainty, and the third reflects the uncertainty in the description of the neutral D decay amplitudes. This result is inconsistent with γ = 0 (no direct CP violation) with a significance of 3.5 standard deviations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P del Amo Sanchez
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
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del Amo Sanchez P, Lees JP, Poireau V, Prencipe E, Tisserand V, Garra Tico J, Grauges E, Martinelli M, Palano A, Pappagallo M, Eigen G, Stugu B, Sun L, Battaglia M, Brown DN, Hooberman B, Kerth LT, Kolomensky YG, Lynch G, Osipenkov IL, Tanabe T, Hawkes CM, Watson AT, Koch H, Schroeder T, Asgeirsson DJ, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, Khan A, Randle-Conde A, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Yushkov AN, Bondioli M, Curry S, Kirkby D, Lankford AJ, Mandelkern M, Martin EC, Stoker DP, Atmacan H, Gary JW, Liu F, Long O, Vitug GM, Campagnari C, Hong TM, Kovalskyi D, Richman JD, Eisner AM, Heusch CA, Kroseberg J, Lockman WS, Martinez AJ, Schalk T, Schumm BA, Seiden A, Winstrom LO, Cheng CH, Doll DA, Echenard B, Hitlin DG, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Rakitin AY, Andreassen R, Dubrovin MS, Mancinelli G, Meadows BT, Sokoloff MD, Bloom PC, Ford WT, Gaz A, Hirschauer JF, Nagel M, Nauenberg U, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Ayad R, Toki WH, Karbach TM, Merkel J, Petzold A, Spaan B, Wacker K, Kobel MJ, Schubert KR, Schwierz R, Bernard D, Verderi M, Clark PJ, Playfer S, Watson JE, Andreotti M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cecchi A, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Franchini P, Luppi E, Munerato M, Negrini M, Petrella A, Piemontese L, Baldini-Ferroli R, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Nicolaci M, Pacetti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rama M, Zallo A, Contri R, Guido E, Lo Vetere M, Monge MR, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Robutti E, Tosi S, Bhuyan B, Lee CL, Morii M, Adametz A, Marks J, Schenk S, Uwer U, Bernlochner FU, Lacker HM, Lueck T, Volk A, Dauncey PD, Tibbetts M, Behera PK, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Crawley HB, Dong L, Meyer WT, Prell S, Rosenberg EI, Rubin AE, Gao YY, Gritsan AV, Guo ZJ, Arnaud N, Davier M, Derkach D, Firmino da Costa J, Grosdidier G, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Malaescu B, Perez A, Roudeau P, Schune MH, Serrano J, Sordini V, Stocchi A, Wang L, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Bingham I, Burke JP, Chavez CA, Coleman JP, Fry JR, Gabathuler E, Gamet R, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Sigamani M, Cowan G, Paramesvaran S, Wren AC, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Fritsch M, Gradl W, Hafner A, Alwyn KE, Bailey D, Barlow RJ, Jackson G, Lafferty GD, West TJ, Anderson J, Cenci R, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Simi G, Tuggle JM, Dallapiccola C, Salvati E, Cowan R, Dujmic D, Fisher PH, Sciolla G, Zhao M, Lindemann D, Patel PM, Robertson SH, Schram M, Biassoni P, Lazzaro A, Lombardo V, Palombo F, Stracka S, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Kroeger R, Sonnek P, Summers DJ, Zhao HW, Nguyen X, Simard M, Taras P, De Nardo G, Monorchio D, Onorato G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Snoek HL, Jessop CP, Knoepfel KJ, LoSecco JM, Wang WF, Corwin LA, Honscheid K, Kass R, Morris JP, Rahimi AM, Blount NL, Brau J, Frey R, Igonkina O, Kolb JA, Rahmat R, Sinev NB, Strom D, Strube J, Torrence E, Castelli G, Feltresi E, Gagliardi N, Margoni M, Morandin M, Posocco M, Rotondo M, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Ben-Haim E, Bonneaud GR, Briand H, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Hamon O, Leruste P, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Prendki J, Sitt S, Biasini M, Manoni E, Angelini C, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Cervelli A, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Neri N, Paoloni E, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Lopes Pegna D, Lu C, Olsen J, Smith AJS, Telnov AV, Anulli F, Baracchini E, Cavoto G, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Gaspero M, Li Gioi L, Mazzoni MA, Piredda G, Renga F, Ebert M, Hartmann T, Leddig T, Schröder H, Waldi R, Adye T, Franek B, Olaiya EO, Wilson FF, Emery S, Hamel de Monchenault G, Vasseur G, Yèche C, Zito M, Aitchison IJR, Allen MT, Aston D, Bard DJ, Bartoldus R, Benitez JF, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dunwoodie W, Field RC, Franco Sevilla M, Fulsom BG, Gabareen AM, Graham MT, Grenier P, Hast C, Innes WR, Kelsey MH, Kim H, Kim P, Kocian ML, Leith DWGS, Li S, Lindquist B, Luitz S, Luth V, Lynch HL, MacFarlane DB, Marsiske H, Muller DR, Neal H, Nelson S, O'Grady CP, Ofte I, Perl M, Pulliam T, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Salnikov AA, Santoro V, Schindler RH, Schwiening J, Snyder A, Su D, Sullivan MK, Sun S, Suzuki K, Thompson JM, Va'vra J, Wagner AP, Weaver M, West CA, Wisniewski WJ, Wittgen M, Wright DH, Wulsin HW, Yarritu AK, Young CC, Ziegler V, Chen XR, Park W, Purohit MV, White RM, Wilson JR, Sekula SJ, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Edwards AJ, Miyashita TS, Ahmed S, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Pan B, Saeed MA, Zain SB, Guttman N, Soffer A, Lund P, Spanier SM, Eckmann R, Ritchie JL, Ruland AM, Schilling CJ, Schwitters RF, Wray BC, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, Gamba D, Pelliccioni M, Bomben M, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Lopez-March N, Martinez-Vidal F, Milanes DA, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Banerjee S, Choi HHF, Hamano K, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lewczuk MJ, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Ilic J, Latham TE, Puccio EMT, Band HR, Chen X, Dasu S, Flood KT, Pan Y, Prepost R, Vuosalo CO, Wu SL. Measurement of D0-D0 mixing parameters using D0 → K(S)(0)π+ π- and D0 → K(S)(0)K+ K- decays. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:081803. [PMID: 20868092 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.081803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report a direct measurement of D0-D0 mixing parameters through a time-dependent amplitude analysis of the Dalitz plots of D(0) → K(S)(0) π+ π- and, for the first time, D0 → K(S)(0)K+ K- decays. The low-momentum pion π(s)(+) in the decay D*+ → D0 π(s)(+) identifies the flavor of the neutral D meson at its production. Using 468.5 fb(-1) of e+ e- colliding-beam data recorded near square root(s)=10.6 GeV by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy collider at SLAC, we measure the mixing parameters x = [1.6 ± 2.3(stat) ± 1.2(syst) ± 0.8(model)] × 10(-3), and y = [5.7 ± 2.0(stat) ± 1.3(syst) ± 0.7(model)] × 10(-3). These results provide the best measurement to date of x and y. The knowledge of the value of x, in particular, is crucial for understanding the origin of mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- P del Amo Sanchez
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
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Aubert B, Karyotakis Y, Lees JP, Poireau V, Prencipe E, Prudent X, Tisserand V, Garra Tico J, Grauges E, Martinelli M, Palano A, Pappagallo M, Eigen G, Stugu B, Sun L, Battaglia M, Brown DN, Kerth LT, Kolomensky YG, Lynch G, Osipenkov IL, Tackmann K, Tanabe T, Hawkes CM, Soni N, Watson AT, Koch H, Schroeder T, Asgeirsson DJ, Fulsom BG, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, Barrett M, Khan A, Randle-Conde A, Blinov VE, Bukin AD, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Bondioli M, Curry S, Eschrich I, Kirkby D, Lankford AJ, Lund P, Mandelkern M, Martin EC, Stoker DP, Atmacan H, Gary JW, Liu F, Long O, Vitug GM, Yasin Z, Sharma V, Campagnari C, Hong TM, Kovalskyi D, Mazur MA, Richman JD, Beck TW, Eisner AM, Heusch CA, Kroseberg J, Lockman WS, Martinez AJ, Schalk T, Schumm BA, Seiden A, Wang L, Winstrom LO, Cheng CH, Doll DA, Echenard B, Fang F, Hitlin DG, Narsky I, Ongmongkolkul P, Piatenko T, Porter FC, Andreassen R, Mancinelli G, Meadows BT, Mishra K, Sokoloff MD, Bloom PC, Ford WT, Gaz A, Hirschauer JF, Nagel M, Nauenberg U, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Ayad R, Toki WH, Wilson RJ, Feltresi E, Hauke A, Jasper H, Karbach TM, Merkel J, Petzold A, Spaan B, Wacker K, Kobel MJ, Nogowski R, Schubert KR, Schwierz R, Bernard D, Latour E, Verderi M, Clark PJ, Playfer S, Watson JE, Andreotti M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cecchi A, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Franchini P, Luppi E, Munerato M, Negrini M, Petrella A, Piemontese L, Santoro V, Baldini-Ferroli R, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Pacetti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rama M, Zallo A, Contri R, Guido E, Lo Vetere M, Monge MR, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Robutti E, Tosi S, Chaisanguanthum KS, Morii M, Adametz A, Marks J, Schenk S, Uwer U, Bernlochner FU, Klose V, Lacker HM, Lueck T, Volk A, Bard DJ, Dauncey PD, Tibbetts M, Behera PK, Charles MJ, Mallik U, Cochran J, Crawley HB, Dong L, Eyges V, Meyer WT, Prell S, Rosenberg EI, Rubin AE, Gao YY, Gritsan AV, Guo ZJ, Arnaud N, Béquilleux J, D'Orazio A, Davier M, Derkach D, Firmino da Costa J, Grosdidier G, Le Diberder F, Lepeltier V, Lutz AM, Malaescu B, Pruvot S, Roudeau P, Schune MH, Serrano J, Sordini V, Stocchi A, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Bingham I, Burke JP, Chavez CA, Fry JR, Gabathuler E, Gamet R, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Clarke CK, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Sigamani M, Cowan G, Paramesvaran S, Wren AC, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Fritsch M, Gradl W, Hafner A, Alwyn KE, Bailey D, Barlow RJ, Jackson G, Lafferty GD, West TJ, Yi JI, Anderson J, Chen C, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Simi G, Tuggle JM, Dallapiccola C, Salvati E, Cowan R, Dujmic D, Fisher PH, Henderson SW, Sciolla G, Spitznagel M, Yamamoto RK, Zhao M, Patel PM, Robertson SH, Schram M, Biassoni P, Lazzaro A, Lombardo V, Palombo F, Stracka S, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Kroeger R, Sonnek P, Summers DJ, Zhao HW, Simard M, Taras P, Nicholson H, De Nardo G, Lista L, Monorchio D, Onorato G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Snoek HL, Jessop CP, Knoepfel KJ, LoSecco JM, Wang WF, Corwin LA, Honscheid K, Kagan H, Kass R, Morris JP, Rahimi AM, Sekula SJ, Wong QK, Blount NL, Brau J, Frey R, Igonkina O, Kolb JA, Lu M, Rahmat R, Sinev NB, Strom D, Strube J, Torrence E, Castelli G, Gagliardi N, Margoni M, Morandin M, Posocco M, Rotondo M, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Voci C, Del Amo Sanchez P, Ben-Haim E, Bonneaud GR, Briand H, Chauveau J, Hamon O, Leruste P, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Perez A, Prendki J, Sitt S, Gladney L, Biasini M, Manoni E, Angelini C, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Calderini G, Carpinelli M, Cervelli A, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Morganti M, Neri N, Paoloni E, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Lopes Pegna D, Lu C, Olsen J, Smith AJS, Telnov AV, Anulli F, Baracchini E, Cavoto G, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Gaspero M, Jackson PD, Gioi LL, Mazzoni MA, Morganti S, Piredda G, Renga F, Voena C, Ebert M, Hartmann T, Schröder H, Waldi R, Adye T, Franek B, Olaiya EO, Wilson FF, Emery S, Esteve L, Hamel de Monchenault G, Kozanecki W, Vasseur G, Yèche C, Zito M, Allen MT, Aston D, Bartoldus R, Benitez JF, Cenci R, Coleman JP, Convery MR, Dingfelder JC, Dorfan J, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dunwoodie W, Field RC, Franco Sevilla M, Gabareen AM, Graham MT, Grenier P, Hast C, Innes WR, Kaminski J, Kelsey MH, Kim H, Kim P, Kocian ML, Leith DWGS, Li S, Lindquist B, Luitz S, Luth V, Lynch HL, Macfarlane DB, Marsiske H, Messner R, Muller DR, Neal H, Nelson S, O'Grady CP, Ofte I, Perl M, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Salnikov AA, Schindler RH, Schwiening J, Snyder A, Su D, Sullivan MK, Suzuki K, Swain SK, Thompson JM, Va'vra J, Wagner AP, Weaver M, West CA, Wisniewski WJ, Wittgen M, Wright DH, Wulsin HW, Yarritu AK, Young CC, Ziegler V, Chen XR, Liu H, Park W, Purohit MV, White RM, Wilson JR, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Edwards AJ, Miyashita TS, Ahmed S, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Pan B, Saeed MA, Zain SB, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Wogsland BJ, Eckmann R, Ritchie JL, Ruland AM, Schilling CJ, Schwitters RF, Wray BC, Drummond BW, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, Gamba D, Pelliccioni M, Bomben M, Bosisio L, Cartaro C, Della Ricca G, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Azzolini V, Lopez-March N, Martinez-Vidal F, Milanes DA, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Banerjee S, Bhuyan B, Choi HHF, Hamano K, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lewczuk MJ, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Ilic J, Latham TE, Mohanty GB, Puccio EMT, Band HR, Chen X, Dasu S, Flood KT, Pan Y, Prepost R, Vuosalo CO, Wu SL. Measurements of charged current lepton universality and |Vus| using tau lepton decays to e- ν(e) ν(τ), μ- ν(μ) ν(τ), π- ν(τ), and K- ν(τ). Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:051602. [PMID: 20867905 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.051602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Using 467 fb(-1) of e+e- annihilation data collected with the BABAR detector, we measure (B(τ- → μ- ν(μ) ν(τ)))/(B(τ- → e- ν(e) ν(τ))) =(0.9796±0.0016±0.0036), (B(τ- → π- ν(τ)))/(B(τ- → e- ν(e) ν(τ))) = (0.5945±0.0014±0.0061), and (B(τ- → K- ν(τ)))/(B(τ- → e- ν(e) ν(τ))) = (0.03882±0.00032±0.00057), where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. From these precision τ measurements, we test the standard model assumption of μ-e and τ-μ charge current lepton universality and provide determinations of |Vus| experimentally independent of the decay of a kaon.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Aubert
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
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Young CC, Burghoff RL, Keim LG, Minak-Bernero V, Lute JR, Hinton SM. Polyvinylpyrrolidone-agarose gel electrophoresis purification of polymerase chain reaction-amplifiable DNA from soils. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 59:1972-4. [PMID: 16348974 PMCID: PMC182198 DOI: 10.1128/aem.59.6.1972-1974.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This communication describes a modification of agarose gel electrophoresis to provide a rapid and simple method for the purification of polymerase chain reaction-amplifiable DNA from soil. This modification is to add polyvinylpyrrolidone to the agarose gel. The polyvinylpyrrolidone addition retards the electrophoretic mobility of denaturing phenolic compounds so that they do not comigrate with nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Young
- Exxon Research and Engineering Company, Route 22 East, Annandale, New Jersey 08801
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del Amo Sanchez P, Lees JP, Poireau V, Prencipe E, Tisserand V, Garra Tico J, Grauges E, Martinelli M, Palano A, Pappagallo M, Eigen G, Stugu B, Sun L, Battaglia M, Brown DN, Hooberman B, Kerth LT, Kolomensky YG, Lynch G, Osipenkov IL, Tanabe T, Hawkes CM, Soni N, Watson AT, Koch H, Schroeder T, Asgeirsson DJ, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, Khan A, Randle-Conde A, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Yushkov AN, Bondioli M, Curry S, Kirkby D, Lankford AJ, Mandelkern M, Martin EC, Stoker DP, Atmacan H, Gary JW, Liu F, Long O, Vitug GM, Yasin Z, Sharma V, Campagnari C, Hong TM, Kovalskyi D, Richman JD, Eisner AM, Heusch CA, Kroseberg J, Lockman WS, Martinez AJ, Schalk T, Schumm BA, Seiden A, Winstrom LO, Cheng CH, Doll DA, Echenard B, Hitlin DG, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Rakitin AY, Andreassen R, Dubrovin MS, Mancinelli G, Meadows BT, Sokoloff MD, Bloom PC, Ford WT, Gaz A, Hirschauer JF, Nagel M, Nauenberg U, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Ayad R, Toki WH, Hauke A, Jasper H, Karbach TM, Merkel J, Petzold A, Spaan B, Wacker K, Kobel MJ, Schubert KR, Schwierz R, Bernard D, Verderi M, Clark PJ, Playfer S, Watson JE, Andreotti M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cecchi A, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Franchini P, Luppi E, Munerato M, Negrini M, Petrella A, Piemontese L, Baldini-Ferroli R, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Nicolaci M, Pacetti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rama M, Zallo A, Contri R, Guido E, Lo Vetere M, Monge MR, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Robutti E, Tosi S, Bhuyan B, Morii M, Adametz A, Marks J, Schenk S, Uwer U, Bernlochner FU, Lacker HM, Lueck T, Volk A, Dauncey PD, Tibbetts M, Behera PK, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Crawley HB, Dong L, Meyer WT, Prell S, Rosenberg EI, Rubin AE, Gao YY, Gritsan AV, Guo ZJ, Arnaud N, Davier M, Derkach D, Firmino da Costa J, Grosdidier G, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Malaescu B, Perez A, Roudeau P, Schune MH, Serrano J, Sordini V, Stocchi A, Wang L, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Bingham I, Burke JP, Chavez CA, Coleman JP, Fry JR, Gabathuler E, Gamet R, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Sigamani M, Cowan G, Paramesvaran S, Wren AC, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Fritsch M, Gradl W, Hafner A, Alwyn KE, Bailey D, Barlow RJ, Jackson G, Lafferty GD, West TJ, Anderson J, Cenci R, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Simi G, Tuggle JM, Dallapiccola C, Salvati E, Cowan R, Dujmic D, Fisher PH, Sciolla G, Yamamoto RK, Zhao M, Patel PM, Robertson SH, Schram M, Biassoni P, Lazzaro A, Lombardo V, Palombo F, Stracka S, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Kroeger R, Sonnek P, Summers DJ, Zhao HW, Nguyen X, Simard M, Taras P, De Nardo G, Monorchio D, Onorato G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Snoek HL, Jessop CP, Knoepfel KJ, LoSecco JM, Wang WF, Corwin LA, Honscheid K, Kass R, Morris JP, Rahimi AM, Blount NL, Brau J, Frey R, Igonkina O, Kolb JA, Rahmat R, Sinev NB, Strom D, Strube J, Torrence E, Castelli G, Feltresi E, Gagliardi N, Margoni M, Morandin M, Posocco M, Rotondo M, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Ben-Haim E, Bonneaud GR, Briand H, Chauveau J, Hamon O, Leruste P, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Prendki J, Sitt S, Biasini M, Manoni E, Angelini C, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Calderini G, Carpinelli M, Cervelli A, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Neri N, Paoloni E, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Lopes Pegna D, Lu C, Olsen J, Smith AJS, Telnov AV, Anulli F, Baracchini E, Cavoto G, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Gaspero M, Li Gioi L, Mazzoni MA, Piredda G, Renga F, Ebert M, Hartmann T, Leddig T, Schröder H, Waldi R, Adye T, Franek B, Olaiya EO, Wilson FF, Emery S, Hamel de Monchenault G, Vasseur G, Yèche C, Zito M, Allen MT, Aston D, Bard DJ, Bartoldus R, Benitez JF, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dunwoodie W, Field RC, Franco Sevilla M, Fulsom BG, Gabareen AM, Graham MT, Grenier P, Hast C, Innes WR, Kelsey MH, Kim H, Kim P, Kocian ML, Leith DWGS, Li S, Lindquist B, Luitz S, Luth V, Lynch HL, MacFarlane DB, Marsiske H, Muller DR, Neal H, Nelson S, O'Grady CP, Ofte I, Perl M, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Salnikov AA, Santoro V, Schindler RH, Schwiening J, Snyder A, Su D, Sullivan MK, Suzuki K, Thompson JM, Va'vra J, Wagner AP, Weaver M, West CA, Wisniewski WJ, Wittgen M, Wright DH, Wulsin HW, Yarritu AK, Young CC, Ziegler V, Chen XR, Park W, Purohit MV, White RM, Wilson JR, Sekula SJ, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Edwards AJ, Miyashita TS, Ahmed S, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Pan B, Saeed MA, Zain SB, Guttman N, Soffer A, Lund P, Spanier SM, Eckmann R, Ritchie JL, Ruland AM, Schilling CJ, Schwitters RF, Wray BC, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, Gamba D, Pelliccioni M, Bomben M, Della Ricca G, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Azzolini V, Lopez-March N, Martinez-Vidal F, Milanes DA, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Banerjee S, Choi HHF, Hamano K, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lewczuk MJ, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Ilic J, Latham TE, Mohanty GB, Puccio EMT, Band HR, Chen X, Dasu S, Flood KT, Pan Y, Pierini M, Prepost R, Vuosalo CO, Wu SL. Test of lepton universality in Υ(1S) decays at BABAR. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:191801. [PMID: 20866959 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.191801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The ratio R(τμ)(Υ(1S))=Γ(Υ(1S)→τ+ τ-)/Γ(Υ(1S)→μ+ μ-) is measured using a sample of (121.8±1.2)×10(6)Υ(3S) events recorded by the BABAR detector. This measurement is intended as a test of lepton universality and as a search for a possible light pseudoscalar Higgs boson. In the standard model (SM) this ratio is expected to be close to 1. Any significant deviations would violate lepton universality and could be introduced by the coupling to a light pseudoscalar Higgs boson. The analysis studies the decays Υ(3S)→Υ(1S)π+ π-, Υ(1S)→l+ l-, where l=μ, τ. The result, R(τμ)(Υ(1S))=1.005±0.013(stat)±0.022(syst), shows no deviation from the expected SM value, while improving the precision with respect to previous measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- P del Amo Sanchez
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Prencipe E, Tisserand V, Garra Tico J, Grauges E, Martinelli M, Palano A, Pappagallo M, Eigen G, Stugu B, Sun L, Battaglia M, Brown DN, Hooberman B, Kerth LT, Kolomensky YG, Lynch G, Osipenkov IL, Tanabe T, Hawkes CM, Soni N, Watson AT, Koch H, Schroeder T, Asgeirsson DJ, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, Barrett M, Khan A, Randle-Conde A, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Yushkov AN, Bondioli M, Curry S, Kirkby D, Lankford AJ, Lund P, Mandelkern M, Martin EC, Stoker DP, Atmacan H, Gary JW, Liu F, Long O, Vitug GM, Yasin Z, Sharma V, Campagnari C, Hong TM, Kovalskyi D, Richman JD, Eisner AM, Heusch CA, Kroseberg J, Lockman WS, Martinez AJ, Schalk T, Schumm BA, Seiden A, Winstrom LO, Cheng CH, Doll DA, Echenard B, Hitlin DG, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Rakitin AY, Andreassen R, Dubrovin MS, Mancinelli G, Meadows BT, Sokoloff MD, Bloom PC, Ford WT, Gaz A, Hirschauer JF, Nagel M, Nauenberg U, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Ayad R, Toki WH, Feltresi E, Hauke A, Jasper H, Karbach TM, Merkel J, Petzold A, Spaan B, Wacker K, Kobel MJ, Schubert KR, Schwierz R, Bernard D, Verderi M, Clark PJ, Playfer S, Watson JE, Andreotti M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cecchi A, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Franchini P, Luppi E, Munerato M, Negrini M, Petrella A, Piemontese L, Santoro V, Baldini-Ferroli R, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Nicolaci M, Pacetti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rama M, Zallo A, Contri R, Guido E, Lo Vetere M, Monge MR, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Robutti E, Tosi S, Bhuyan B, Morii M, Adametz A, Marks J, Schenk S, Uwer U, Bernlochner FU, Lacker HM, Lueck T, Volk A, Dauncey PD, Tibbetts M, Behera PK, Charles MJ, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Crawley HB, Dong L, Meyer WT, Prell S, Rosenberg EI, Rubin AE, Gao YY, Gritsan AV, Guo ZJ, Arnaud N, Davier M, Derkach D, Firmino da Costa J, Grosdidier G, Le Diberder F, Lepeltier V, Lutz AM, Malaescu B, Roudeau P, Schune MH, Serrano J, Sordini V, Stocchi A, Wang L, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Bingham I, Burke JP, Chavez CA, Fry JR, Gabathuler E, Gamet R, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Sigamani M, Cowan G, Paramesvaran S, Wren AC, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Fritsch M, Gradl W, Hafner A, Alwyn KE, Bailey D, Barlow RJ, Jackson G, Lafferty GD, West TJ, Anderson J, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Simi G, Tuggle JM, Dallapiccola C, Salvati E, Cowan R, Dujmic D, Fisher PH, Henderson SW, Sciolla G, Spitznagel M, Yamamoto RK, Zhao M, Patel PM, Robertson SH, Schram M, Biassoni P, Lazzaro A, Lombardo V, Palombo F, Stracka S, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Kroeger R, Sonnek P, Summers DJ, Zhao HW, Nguyen X, Simard M, Taras P, De Nardo G, Monorchio D, Onorato G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Snoek HL, Jessop CP, Knoepfel KJ, LoSecco JM, Wang WF, Corwin LA, Honscheid K, Kass R, Morris JP, Rahimi AM, Sekula SJ, Blount NL, Brau J, Frey R, Igonkina O, Kolb JA, Lu M, Rahmat R, Sinev NB, Strom D, Strube J, Torrence E, Castelli G, Gagliardi N, Margoni M, Morandin M, Posocco M, Rotondo M, Simonetto F, Stroili R, del Amo Sanchez P, Ben-Haim E, Bonneaud GR, Briand H, Chauveau J, Hamon O, Leruste P, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Perez A, Prendki J, Sitt S, Biasini M, Manoni E, Angelini C, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Calderini G, Carpinelli M, Cervelli A, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Neri N, Paoloni E, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Lopes Pegna D, Lu C, Olsen J, Smith AJS, Telnov AV, Anulli F, Baracchini E, Cavoto G, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Gaspero M, Jackson PD, Li Gioi L, Mazzoni MA, Piredda G, Renga F, Ebert M, Hartmann T, Schröder H, Waldi R, Adye T, Franek B, Olaiya EO, Wilson FF, Emery S, Hamel de Monchenault G, Vasseur G, Yèche C, Zito M, Allen MT, Aston D, Bard DJ, Bartoldus R, Benitez JF, Cenci R, Coleman JP, Convery MR, Dingfelder JC, Dorfan J, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dunwoodie W, Field RC, Franco Sevilla M, Fulsom BG, Gabareen AM, Graham MT, Grenier P, Hast C, Innes WR, Kaminski J, Kelsey MH, Kim H, Kim P, Kocian ML, Leith DWGS, Li S, Lindquist B, Luitz S, Luth V, Lynch HL, MacFarlane DB, Marsiske H, Messner R, Muller DR, Neal H, Nelson S, O'Grady CP, Ofte I, Perl M, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Salnikov AA, Schindler RH, Schwiening J, Snyder A, Su D, Sullivan MK, Suzuki K, Swain SK, Thompson JM, Va'vra J, Wagner AP, Weaver M, West CA, Wisniewski WJ, Wittgen M, Wright DH, Wulsin HW, Yarritu AK, Young CC, Ziegler V, Chen XR, Liu H, Park W, Purohit MV, White RM, Wilson JR, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Edwards AJ, Miyashita TS, Ahmed S, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Pan B, Saeed MA, Zain SB, Guttman N, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Wogsland BJ, Eckmann R, Ritchie JL, Ruland AM, Schilling CJ, Schwitters RF, Wray BC, Drummond BW, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, Gamba D, Pelliccioni M, Bomben M, Cartaro C, Della Ricca G, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Azzolini V, Lopez-March N, Martinez-Vidal F, Milanes DA, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Banerjee S, Choi HHF, Hamano K, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lewczuk MJ, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Ilic J, Latham TE, Mohanty GB, Puccio EMT, Band HR, Chen X, Dasu S, Flood KT, Pan Y, Prepost R, Vuosalo CO, Wu SL. Search for charged lepton flavor violation in narrow upsilon decays. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:151802. [PMID: 20481982 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.151802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Charged-lepton flavor-violating processes are unobservable in the standard model, but they are predicted to be enhanced in several extensions to the standard model, including supersymmetry and models with leptoquarks or compositeness. We present a search for such processes in a sample of 99x10(6)Upsilon(2S) decays and 117x10(6)Upsilon(3S) decays collected with the BABAR detector. We place upper limits on the branching fractions B(Upsilon(nS)-->e(+/-)tau(-/+)) and B(Upsilon(nS)-->mu(+/-)tau(-/+)) (n=2,3) at the 10(-6) level and use these results to place lower limits of order 1 TeV on the mass scale of charged-lepton flavor-violating effective operators.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
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Aubert B, Karyotakis Y, Lees JP, Poireau V, Prencipe E, Prudent X, Tisserand V, Garra Tico J, Grauges E, Martinelli M, Palano A, Pappagallo M, Eigen G, Stugu B, Sun L, Battaglia M, Brown DN, Hooberman B, Kerth LT, Kolomensky YG, Lynch G, Osipenkov IL, Tackmann K, Tanabe T, Hawkes CM, Soni N, Watson AT, Koch H, Schroeder T, Asgeirsson DJ, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, Barrett M, Khan A, Randle-Conde A, Blinov VE, Bukin AD, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Bondioli M, Curry S, Eschrich I, Kirkby D, Lankford AJ, Lund P, Mandelkern M, Martin EC, Stoker DP, Atmacan H, Gary JW, Liu F, Long O, Vitug GM, Yasin Z, Sharma V, Campagnari C, Hong TM, Kovalskyi D, Mazur MA, Richman JD, Beck TW, Eisner AM, Heusch CA, Kroseberg J, Lockman WS, Martinez AJ, Schalk T, Schumm BA, Seiden A, Wang L, Winstrom LO, Cheng CH, Doll DA, Echenard B, Fang F, Hitlin DG, Narsky I, Ongmongkolkul P, Piatenko T, Porter FC, Andreassen R, Mancinelli G, Meadows BT, Mishra K, Sokoloff MD, Bloom PC, Ford WT, Gaz A, Hirschauer JF, Nagel M, Nauenberg U, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Ayad R, Toki WH, Feltresi E, Hauke A, Jasper H, Karbach TM, Merkel J, Petzold A, Spaan B, Wacker K, Kobel MJ, Nogowski R, Schubert KR, Schwierz R, Bernard D, Latour E, Verderi M, Clark PJ, Playfer S, Watson JE, Andreotti M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cecchi A, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Franchini P, Luppi E, Munerato M, Negrini M, Petrella A, Piemontese L, Santoro V, Baldini-Ferroli R, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Pacetti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rama M, Zallo A, Contri R, Guido E, Lo Vetere M, Monge MR, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Robutti E, Tosi S, Morii M, Adametz A, Marks J, Schenk S, Uwer U, Bernlochner FU, Lacker HM, Lueck T, Volk A, Dauncey PD, Tibbetts M, Behera PK, Charles MJ, Mallik U, Cochran J, Crawley HB, Dong L, Eyges V, Meyer WT, Prell S, Rosenberg EI, Rubin AE, Gao YY, Gritsan AV, Guo ZJ, Arnaud N, D'Orazio A, Davier M, Derkach D, Firmino da Costa J, Grosdidier G, Le Diberder F, Lepeltier V, Lutz AM, Malaescu B, Roudeau P, Schune MH, Serrano J, Sordini V, Stocchi A, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Bingham I, Burke JP, Chavez CA, Fry JR, Gabathuler E, Gamet R, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Clarke CK, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Sigamani M, Cowan G, Paramesvaran S, Wren AC, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Fritsch M, Gradl W, Hafner A, Alwyn KE, Bailey D, Barlow RJ, Jackson G, Lafferty GD, West TJ, Yi JI, Anderson J, Chen C, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Simi G, Tuggle JM, Dallapiccola C, Salvati E, Cowan R, Dujmic D, Fisher PH, Henderson SW, Sciolla G, Spitznagel M, Yamamoto RK, Zhao M, Patel PM, Robertson SH, Schram M, Biassoni P, Lazzaro A, Lombardo V, Palombo F, Stracka S, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Kroeger R, Sonnek P, Summers DJ, Zhao HW, Nguyen X, Simard M, Taras P, Nicholson H, De Nardo G, Lista L, Monorchio D, Onorato G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Snoek HL, Jessop CP, Knoepfel KJ, Losecco JM, Wang WF, Corwin LA, Honscheid K, Kagan H, Kass R, Morris JP, Rahimi AM, Sekula SJ, Blount NL, Brau J, Frey R, Igonkina O, Kolb JA, Lu M, Rahmat R, Sinev NB, Strom D, Strube J, Torrence E, Castelli G, Gagliardi N, Margoni M, Morandin M, Posocco M, Rotondo M, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Voci C, Del Amo Sanchez P, Ben-Haim E, Bonneaud GR, Briand H, Chauveau J, Hamon O, Leruste P, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Perez A, Prendki J, Sitt S, Gladney L, Biasini M, Manoni E, Angelini C, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Calderini G, Carpinelli M, Cervelli A, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Morganti M, Neri N, Paoloni E, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Lopes Pegna D, Lu C, Olsen J, Smith AJS, Telnov AV, Anulli F, Baracchini E, Cavoto G, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Gaspero M, Jackson PD, Li Gioi L, Mazzoni MA, Morganti S, Piredda G, Renga F, Voena C, Ebert M, Hartmann T, Schröder H, Waldi R, Adye T, Franek B, Olaiya EO, Wilson FF, Emery S, Esteve L, Hamel de Monchenault G, Kozanecki W, Vasseur G, Yèche C, Zito M, Allen MT, Aston D, Bard DJ, Bartoldus R, Benitez JF, Cenci R, Coleman JP, Convery MR, Dingfelder JC, Dorfan J, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dunwoodie W, Field RC, Franco Sevilla M, Fulsom BG, Gabareen AM, Graham MT, Grenier P, Hast C, Innes WR, Kaminski J, Kelsey MH, Kim H, Kim P, Kocian ML, Leith DWGS, Li S, Lindquist B, Luitz S, Luth V, Lynch HL, Macfarlane DB, Marsiske H, Messner R, Muller DR, Neal H, Nelson S, O'Grady CP, Ofte I, Perl M, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Salnikov AA, Schindler RH, Schwiening J, Snyder A, Su D, Sullivan MK, Suzuki K, Swain SK, Thompson JM, Va'vra J, Wagner AP, Weaver M, West CA, Wisniewski WJ, Wittgen M, Wright DH, Wulsin HW, Yarritu AK, Young CC, Ziegler V, Chen XR, Liu H, Park W, Purohit MV, White RM, Wilson JR, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Edwards AJ, Miyashita TS, Ahmed S, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Pan B, Saeed MA, Zain SB, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Wogsland BJ, Eckmann R, Ritchie JL, Ruland AM, Schilling CJ, Schwitters RF, Wray BC, Drummond BW, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, Gamba D, Pelliccioni M, Bomben M, Bosisio L, Cartaro C, Della Ricca G, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Azzolini V, Lopez-March N, Martinez-Vidal F, Milanes DA, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Banerjee S, Bhuyan B, Choi HHF, Hamano K, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lewczuk MJ, Lindsay CD, Locke CB, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Ilic J, Latham TE, Mohanty GB, Puccio EMT, Band HR, Chen X, Dasu S, Flood KT, Pan Y, Prepost R, Vuosalo CO, Wu SL. Searches for Lepton flavor violation in the decays tau{+/-}-->e{+/-}gamma and tau{+/-}-->mu{+/-}gamma. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:021802. [PMID: 20366586 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.021802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Searches for lepton-flavor-violating decays of a tau lepton to a lighter mass lepton and a photon have been performed with the entire data set of (963+/-7)x10{6} tau decays collected by the BABAR detector near the Upsilon(4S), Upsilon(3S) and Upsilon(2S) resonances. The searches yield no evidence of signals and we set upper limits on the branching fractions of B(tau{+/-}-->e{+/-}gamma)<3.3x10{-8} and B(tau{+/-}-->mu{+/-}gamma)<4.4x10{-8} at 90% confidence level.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Aubert
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
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Aubert B, Karyotakis Y, Lees JP, Poireau V, Prencipe E, Prudent X, Tisserand V, Garra Tico J, Grauges E, Martinelli M, Palano A, Pappagallo M, Eigen G, Stugu B, Sun L, Battaglia M, Brown DN, Kerth LT, Kolomensky YG, Lynch G, Osipenkov IL, Tackmann K, Tanabe T, Hawkes CM, Soni N, Watson AT, Koch H, Schroeder T, Asgeirsson DJ, Fulsom BG, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, Barrett M, Khan A, Randle-Conde A, Blinov VE, Bukin AD, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Bondioli M, Curry S, Eschrich I, Kirkby D, Lankford AJ, Lund P, Mandelkern M, Martin EC, Stoker DP, Atmacan H, Gary JW, Liu F, Long O, Vitug GM, Yasin Z, Zhang L, Sharma V, Campagnari C, Hong TM, Kovalskyi D, Mazur MA, Richman JD, Beck TW, Eisner AM, Heusch CA, Kroseberg J, Lockman WS, Martinez AJ, Schalk T, Schumm BA, Seiden A, Wang L, Winstrom LO, Cheng CH, Doll DA, Echenard B, Fang F, Hitlin DG, Narsky I, Piatenko T, Porter FC, Andreassen R, Mancinelli G, Meadows BT, Mishra K, Sokoloff MD, Bloom PC, Ford WT, Gaz A, Hirschauer JF, Nagel M, Nauenberg U, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Ayad R, Toki WH, Wilson RJ, Feltresi E, Hauke A, Jasper H, Karbach TM, Merkel J, Petzold A, Spaan B, Wacker K, Kobel MJ, Nogowski R, Schubert KR, Schwierz R, Volk A, Bernard D, Latour E, Verderi M, Clark PJ, Playfer S, Watson JE, Andreotti M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cecchi A, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Franchini P, Luppi E, Munerato M, Negrini M, Petrella A, Piemontese L, Santoro V, Baldini-Ferroli R, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Pacetti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rama M, Zallo A, Contri R, Guido E, Lo Vetere M, Monge MR, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Robutti E, Tosi S, Chaisanguanthum KS, Morii M, Adametz A, Marks J, Schenk S, Uwer U, Bernlochner FU, Klose V, Lacker HM, Bard DJ, Dauncey PD, Tibbetts M, Behera PK, Charles MJ, Mallik U, Cochran J, Crawley HB, Dong L, Eyges V, Meyer WT, Prell S, Rosenberg EI, Rubin AE, Gao YY, Gritsan AV, Guo ZJ, Arnaud N, Béquilleux J, D'Orazio A, Davier M, Derkach D, da Costa JF, Grosdidier G, Le Diberder F, Lepeltier V, Lutz AM, Malaescu B, Pruvot S, Roudeau P, Schune MH, Serrano J, Sordini V, Stocchi A, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Bingham I, Burke JP, Chavez CA, Fry JR, Gabathuler E, Gamet R, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Clarke CK, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Sigamani M, Cowan G, Paramesvaran S, Wren AC, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Fritsch M, Gradl W, Hafner A, Alwyn KE, Bailey D, Barlow RJ, Jackson G, Lafferty GD, West TJ, Yi JI, Anderson J, Chen C, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Simi G, Tuggle JM, Dallapiccola C, Salvati E, Saremi S, Cowan R, Dujmic D, Fisher PH, Henderson SW, Sciolla G, Spitznagel M, Yamamoto RK, Zhao M, Patel PM, Robertson SH, Schram M, Lazzaro A, Lombardo V, Palombo F, Stracka S, Bauer JM, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Kroeger R, Sonnek P, Summers DJ, Zhao HW, Simard M, Taras P, Nicholson H, De Nardo G, Lista L, Monorchio D, Onorato G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Snoek HL, Jessop CP, Knoepfel KJ, LoSecco JM, Wang WF, Corwin LA, Honscheid K, Kagan H, Kass R, Morris JP, Rahimi AM, Regensburger JJ, Sekula SJ, Wong QK, Blount NL, Brau J, Frey R, Igonkina O, Kolb JA, Lu M, Rahmat R, Sinev NB, Strom D, Strube J, Torrence E, Castelli G, Gagliardi N, Margoni M, Morandin M, Posocco M, Rotondo M, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Voci C, Sanchez PDA, Ben-Haim E, Bonneaud GR, Briand H, Chauveau J, Hamon O, Leruste P, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Perez A, Prendki J, Sitt S, Gladney L, Biasini M, Manoni E, Angelini C, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Calderini G, Carpinelli M, Cervelli A, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Morganti M, Neri N, Paoloni E, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Pegna DL, Lu C, Olsen J, Smith AJS, Telnov AV, Anulli F, Baracchini E, Cavoto G, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Gaspero M, Jackson PD, Gioi LL, Mazzoni MA, Morganti S, Piredda G, Renga F, Voena C, Ebert M, Hartmann T, Schröder H, Waldi R, Adye T, Franek B, Olaiya EO, Wilson FF, Emery S, Esteve L, de Monchenault GH, Kozanecki W, Vasseur G, Yèche C, Zito M, Allen MT, Aston D, Bartoldus R, Benitez JF, Cenci R, Coleman JP, Convery MR, Dingfelder JC, Dorfan J, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dunwoodie W, Field RC, Sevilla MF, Gabareen AM, Graham MT, Grenier P, Hast C, Innes WR, Kaminski J, Kelsey MH, Kim H, Kim P, Kocian ML, Leith DWGS, Li S, Lindquist B, Luitz S, Luth V, Lynch HL, MacFarlane DB, Marsiske H, Messner R, Muller DR, Neal H, Nelson S, O'Grady CP, Ofte I, Perl M, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Salnikov AA, Schindler RH, Schwiening J, Snyder A, Su D, Sullivan MK, Suzuki K, Swain SK, Thompson JM, Va'vra J, Wagner AP, Weaver M, West CA, Wisniewski WJ, Wittgen M, Wright DH, Wulsin HW, Yarritu AK, Young CC, Ziegler V, Chen XR, Liu H, Park W, Purohit MV, White RM, Wilson JR, Burchat PR, Edwards AJ, Miyashita TS, Ahmed S, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Pan B, Saeed MA, Zain SB, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Wogsland BJ, Eckmann R, Ritchie JL, Ruland AM, Schilling CJ, Schwitters RF, Wray BC, Drummond BW, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, Gamba D, Pelliccioni M, Bomben M, Bosisio L, Cartaro C, Della Ricca G, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Azzolini V, Lopez-March N, Martinez-Vidal F, Milanes DA, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Banerjee S, Bhuyan B, Choi HHF, Hamano K, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lewczuk MJ, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Ilic J, Latham TE, Mohanty GB, Puccio EMT, Band HR, Chen X, Dasu S, Flood KT, Pan Y, Prepost R, Vuosalo CO, Wu SL. Measurement of |V(cb)| and the form-factor slope in B --> Dl- nu(l) decays in events tagged by a fully reconstructed B meson. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:011802. [PMID: 20366358 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.011802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present a measurement of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |V(cb)| and the form-factor slope rho2 in B --> Dl- nu(l) decays based on 460x10(6) BB events recorded at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the BABAR detector. B --> Dl- nu(l) decays are selected in events in which a hadronic decay of the second B meson is fully reconstructed. We measure B(B- --> D0 l- nu(l))/B(B- --> Xl- nu(l)) = (0.255+/-0.009+/-0.009) and B(B0 --> D+ l- nu(l))/B(B0 --> Xl- nu(l)) = (0.230+/-0.011+/-0.011), along with the differential decay distribution in B --> Dl- nu(l) decays. We then determine G(1)|V(cb)| = (42.3+/-1.9+/-1.4)x10(-3) and rho2 = 1.20+/-0.09+/-0.04, where G(1) is the hadronic form factor at the point of zero recoil.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Aubert
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
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Aubert B, Karyotakis Y, Lees JP, Poireau V, Prencipe E, Prudent X, Tisserand V, Garra Tico J, Grauges E, Martinelli M, Palano A, Pappagallo M, Eigen G, Stugu B, Sun L, Battaglia M, Brown DN, Hooberman B, Kerth LT, Kolomensky YG, Lynch G, Osipenkov IL, Tackmann K, Tanabe T, Hawkes CM, Soni N, Watson AT, Koch H, Schroeder T, Asgeirsson DJ, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, Barrett M, Khan A, Randle-Conde A, Blinov VE, Bukin AD, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Bondioli M, Curry S, Eschrich I, Kirkby D, Lankford AJ, Lund P, Mandelkern M, Martin EC, Stoker DP, Atmacan H, Gary JW, Liu F, Long O, Vitug GM, Yasin Z, Sharma V, Campagnari C, Hong TM, Kovalskyi D, Mazur MA, Richman JD, Beck TW, Eisner AM, Heusch CA, Kroseberg J, Lockman WS, Martinez AJ, Schalk T, Schumm BA, Seiden A, Wang L, Winstrom LO, Cheng CH, Doll DA, Echenard B, Fang F, Hitlin DG, Narsky I, Ongmongkolkul P, Piatenko T, Porter FC, Andreassen R, Mancinelli G, Meadows BT, Mishra K, Sokoloff MD, Bloom PC, Ford WT, Gaz A, Hirschauer JF, Nagel M, Nauenberg U, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Ayad R, Toki WH, Wilson RJ, Feltresi E, Hauke A, Jasper H, Karbach TM, Merkel J, Petzold A, Spaan B, Wacker K, Kobel MJ, Nogowski R, Schubert KR, Schwierz R, Bernard D, Latour E, Verderi M, Clark PJ, Playfer S, Watson JE, Andreotti M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cecchi A, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Franchini P, Luppi E, Munerato M, Negrini M, Petrella A, Piemontese L, Santoro V, Baldini-Ferroli R, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Pacetti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rama M, Zallo A, Contri R, Guido E, Lo Vetere M, Monge MR, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Robutti E, Tosi S, Chaisanguanthum KS, Morii M, Adametz A, Marks J, Schenk S, Uwer U, Bernlochner FU, Klose V, Lacker HM, Lueck T, Volk A, Bard DJ, Dauncey PD, Tibbetts M, Behera PK, Charles MJ, Mallik U, Cochran J, Crawley HB, Dong L, Eyges V, Meyer WT, Prell S, Rosenberg EI, Rubin AE, Gao YY, Gritsan AV, Guo ZJ, Arnaud N, Béquilleux J, D'Orazio A, Davier M, Derkach D, Firmino da Costa J, Grosdidier G, Le Diberder F, Lepeltier V, Lutz AM, Malaescu B, Pruvot S, Roudeau P, Schune MH, Serrano J, Sordini V, Stocchi A, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Bingham I, Burke JP, Chavez CA, Fry JR, Gabathuler E, Gamet R, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Clarke CK, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Sigamani M, Cowan G, Paramesvaran S, Wren AC, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Fritsch M, Gradl W, Hafner A, Alwyn KE, Bailey D, Barlow RJ, Jackson G, Lafferty GD, West TJ, Yi JI, Anderson J, Chen C, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Simi G, Tuggle JM, Dallapiccola C, Salvati E, Cowan R, Dujmic D, Fisher PH, Henderson SW, Sciolla G, Spitznagel M, Yamamoto RK, Zhao M, Patel PM, Robertson SH, Schram M, Biassoni P, Lazzaro A, Lombardo V, Palombo F, Stracka S, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Kroeger R, Sonnek P, Summers DJ, Zhao HW, Simard M, Taras P, Nicholson H, De Nardo G, Lista L, Monorchio D, Onorato G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Snoek HL, Jessop CP, Knoepfel KJ, LoSecco JM, Wang WF, Corwin LA, Honscheid K, Kagan H, Kass R, Morris JP, Rahimi AM, Sekula SJ, Wong QK, Blount NL, Brau J, Frey R, Igonkina O, Kolb JA, Lu M, Rahmat R, Sinev NB, Strom D, Strube J, Torrence E, Castelli G, Gagliardi N, Margoni M, Morandin M, Posocco M, Rotondo M, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Voci C, del Amo Sanchez P, Ben-Haim E, Bonneaud GR, Briand H, Chauveau J, Hamon O, Leruste P, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Perez A, Prendki J, Sitt S, Gladney L, Biasini M, Manoni E, Angelini C, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Calderini G, Carpinelli M, Cervelli A, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Morganti M, Neri N, Paoloni E, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Lopes Pegna D, Lu C, Olsen J, Smith AJS, Telnov AV, Anulli F, Baracchini E, Cavoto G, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Gaspero M, Jackson PD, Li Gioi L, Mazzoni MA, Morganti S, Piredda G, Renga F, Voena C, Ebert M, Hartmann T, Schröder H, Waldi R, Adye T, Franek B, Olaiya EO, Wilson FF, Emery S, Esteve L, Hamel de Monchenault G, Kozanecki W, Vasseur G, Yèche C, Zito M, Allen MT, Aston D, Bartoldus R, Benitez JF, Cenci R, Coleman JP, Convery MR, Dingfelder JC, Dorfan J, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dunwoodie W, Field RC, Franco Sevilla M, Fulsom BG, Gabareen AM, Graham MT, Grenier P, Hast C, Innes WR, Kaminski J, Kelsey MH, Kim H, Kim P, Kocian ML, Leith DWGS, Li S, Lindquist B, Luitz S, Luth V, Lynch HL, MacFarlane DB, Marsiske H, Messner R, Muller DR, Neal H, Nelson S, O'Grady CP, Ofte I, Perl M, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Salnikov AA, Schindler RH, Schwiening J, Snyder A, Su D, Sullivan MK, Suzuki K, Swain SK, Thompson JM, Va'vra J, Wagner AP, Weaver M, West CA, Wisniewski WJ, Wittgen M, Wright DH, Wulsin HW, Yarritu AK, Young CC, Ziegler V, Chen XR, Liu H, Park W, Purohit MV, White RM, Wilson JR, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Edwards AJ, Miyashita TS, Ahmed S, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Pan B, Saeed MA, Zain SB, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Wogsland BJ, Eckmann R, Ritchie JL, Ruland AM, Schilling CJ, Schwitters RF, Wray BC, Drummond BW, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, Gamba D, Pelliccioni M, Bomben M, Bosisio L, Cartaro C, Della Ricca G, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Azzolini V, Lopez-March N, Martinez-Vidal F, Milanes DA, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Banerjee S, Bhuyan B, Choi HHF, Hamano K, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lewczuk MJ, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Ilic J, Latham TE, Mohanty GB, Puccio EMT, Band HR, Chen X, Dasu S, Flood KT, Pan Y, Prepost R, Vuosalo CO, Wu SL. Search for invisible decays of the Upsilon(1S). Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:251801. [PMID: 20366249 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.251801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We search for invisible decays of the Upsilon(1S) meson using a sample of 91.4 x 10(6) Upsilon(3S) mesons collected at the BABAR/PEP-II B factory. We select events containing the decay Upsilon(3S) --> pi(+)pi(-)Upsilon(1S) and search for evidence of an undetectable Upsilon(1S) decay recoiling against the dipion system. We set an upper limit on the branching fraction B(Upsilon(1S) --> invisible) < 3.0 x 10(-4) at the 90% confidence level.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Aubert
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
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Aubert B, Karyotakis Y, Lees JP, Poireau V, Prencipe E, Prudent X, Tisserand V, Garra Tico J, Grauges E, Martinelli M, Palano A, Pappagallo M, Eigen G, Stugu B, Sun L, Battaglia M, Brown DN, Hooberman B, Kerth LT, Kolomensky YG, Lynch G, Osipenkov IL, Tackmann K, Tanabe T, Hawkes CM, Soni N, Watson AT, Koch H, Schroeder T, Asgeirsson DJ, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, Barrett M, Khan A, Randle-Conde A, Blinov VE, Bukin AD, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Bondioli M, Curry S, Eschrich I, Kirkby D, Lankford AJ, Lund P, Mandelkern M, Martin EC, Stoker DP, Atmacan H, Gary JW, Liu F, Long O, Vitug GM, Yasin Z, Sharma V, Campagnari C, Hong TM, Kovalskyi D, Mazur MA, Richman JD, Beck TW, Eisner AM, Heusch CA, Kroseberg J, Lockman WS, Martinez AJ, Schalk T, Schumm BA, Seiden A, Wang L, Winstrom LO, Cheng CH, Doll DA, Echenard B, Fang F, Hitlin DG, Narsky I, Ongmongkolkul P, Piatenko T, Porter FC, Andreassen R, Mancinelli G, Meadows BT, Mishra K, Sokoloff MD, Bloom PC, Ford WT, Gaz A, Hirschauer JF, Nagel M, Nauenberg U, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Ayad R, Toki WH, Feltresi E, Hauke A, Jasper H, Karbach TM, Merkel J, Petzold A, Spaan B, Wacker K, Kobel MJ, Nogowski R, Schubert KR, Schwierz R, Bernard D, Latour E, Verderi M, Clark PJ, Playfer S, Watson JE, Andreotti M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cecchi A, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Franchini P, Luppi E, Munerato M, Negrini M, Petrella A, Piemontese L, Santoro V, Baldini-Ferroli R, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Pacetti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rama M, Zallo A, Contri R, Guido E, Lo Vetere M, Monge MR, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Robutti E, Tosi S, Morii M, Adametz A, Marks J, Schenk S, Uwer U, Bernlochner FU, Lacker HM, Lueck T, Volk A, Dauncey PD, Tibbetts M, Behera PK, Charles MJ, Mallik U, Cochran J, Crawley HB, Dong L, Eyges V, Meyer WT, Prell S, Rosenberg EI, Rubin AE, Gao YY, Gritsan AV, Guo ZJ, Arnaud N, D'Orazio A, Davier M, Derkach D, Firmino da Costa J, Grosdidier G, Le Diberder F, Lepeltier V, Lutz AM, Malaescu B, Roudeau P, Schune MH, Serrano J, Sordini V, Stocchi A, Wang LL, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Bingham I, Burke JP, Chavez CA, Fry JR, Gabathuler E, Gamet R, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Clarke CK, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Sigamani M, Cowan G, Paramesvaran S, Wren AC, Brown DN, Davis CL, Fritsch M, Gradl W, Hafner A, Alwyn KE, Bailey D, Barlow RJ, Jackson G, Lafferty GD, West TJ, Yi JI, Anderson J, Chen C, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Simi G, Tuggle JM, Dallapiccola C, Salvati E, Cowan R, Dujmic D, Fisher PH, Henderson SW, Sciolla G, Spitznagel M, Yamamoto RK, Zhao M, Patel PM, Robertson SH, Schram M, Biassoni P, Lazzaro A, Lombardo V, Palombo F, Stracka S, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Kroeger R, Sonnek P, Summers DJ, Zhao HW, Nguyen X, Simard M, Taras P, Nicholson H, De Nardo G, Lista L, Monorchio D, Onorato G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Snoek HL, Jessop CP, Knoepfel KJ, LoSecco JM, Wang WF, Corwin LA, Honscheid K, Kagan H, Kass R, Morris JP, Rahimi AM, Sekula SJ, Blount NL, Brau J, Frey R, Igonkina O, Kolb JA, Lu M, Rahmat R, Sinev NB, Strom D, Strube J, Torrence E, Castelli G, Gagliardi N, Margoni M, Morandin M, Posocco M, Rotondo M, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Voci C, del Amo Sanchez P, Ben-Haim E, Bonneaud GR, Briand H, Chauveau J, Hamon O, Leruste P, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Perez A, Prendki J, Sitt S, Gladney L, Biasini M, Manoni E, Angelini C, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Calderini G, Carpinelli M, Cervelli A, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Morganti M, Neri N, Paoloni E, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Lopes Pegna D, Lu C, Olsen J, Smith AJS, Telnov AV, Anulli F, Baracchini E, Cavoto G, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Gaspero M, Jackson PD, Li Gioi L, Mazzoni MA, Morganti S, Piredda G, Renga F, Voena C, Ebert M, Hartmann T, Schröder H, Waldi R, Adye T, Franek B, Olaiya EO, Wilson FF, Emery S, Esteve L, Hamel de Monchenault G, Kozanecki W, Vasseur G, Yèche C, Zito M, Allen MT, Aston D, Bard DJ, Bartoldus R, Benitez JF, Cenci R, Coleman JP, Convery MR, Dingfelder JC, Dorfan J, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dunwoodie W, Field RC, Franco Sevilla M, Fulsom BG, Gabareen AM, Graham MT, Grenier P, Hast C, Innes WR, Kaminski J, Kelsey MH, Kim H, Kim P, Kocian ML, Leith DWGS, Li S, Lindquist B, Luitz S, Luth V, Lynch HL, MacFarlane DB, Marsiske H, Messner R, Muller DR, Neal H, Nelson S, O'Grady CP, Ofte I, Perl M, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Salnikov AA, Schindler RH, Schwiening J, Snyder A, Su D, Sullivan MK, Suzuki K, Swain SK, Thompson JM, Va'vra J, Wagner AP, Weaver M, West CA, Wisniewski WJ, Wittgen M, Wright DH, Wulsin HW, Yarritu AK, Young CC, Ziegler V, Chen XR, Liu H, Park W, Purohit MV, White RM, Wilson JR, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Edwards AJ, Miyashita TS, Ahmed S, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Pan B, Saeed MA, Zain SB, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Wogsland BJ, Eckmann R, Ritchie JL, Ruland AM, Schilling CJ, Schwitters RF, Wray BC, Drummond BW, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, Gamba D, Pelliccioni M, Bomben M, Bosisio L, Cartaro C, Della Ricca G, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Azzolini V, Lopez-March N, Martinez-Vidal F, Milanes DA, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Banerjee S, Bhuyan B, Choi HHF, Hamano K, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lewczuk MJ, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Ilic J, Latham TE, Mohanty GB, Puccio EMT, Band HR, Chen X, Dasu S, Flood KT, Pan Y, Prepost R, Vuosalo CO, Wu SL. Precise measurement of the e+e- --> pi+pi-(gamma) cross section with the initial state radiation method at BABAR. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:231801. [PMID: 20366141 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.231801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A precise measurement of the cross section of the process e(+)e(-) --> pi(+)pi(-)(gamma) from threshold to an energy of 3 GeV is obtained with the initial state radiation (ISR) method using 232 fb(-1) of data collected with the BABAR detector at e(+)e(-) center-of-mass energies near 10.6 GeV. The ISR luminosity is determined from a study of the leptonic process e(+)e(-) --> mu(+)mu(-)gamma(gamma). The leading-order hadronic contribution to the muon magnetic anomaly calculated using the pipi cross section measured from threshold to 1.8 GeV is (514.1 +/- 2.2(stat) +/- 3.1(syst)) x 10(-10).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Aubert
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
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Aubert B, Karyotakis Y, Lees JP, Poireau V, Prencipe E, Prudent X, Tisserand V, Garra Tico J, Grauges E, Martinelli M, Palano A, Pappagallo M, Eigen G, Stugu B, Sun L, Battaglia M, Brown DN, Kerth LT, Kolomensky YG, Lynch G, Osipenkov IL, Tackmann K, Tanabe T, Hawkes CM, Soni N, Watson AT, Koch H, Schroeder T, Asgeirsson DJ, Fulsom BG, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, Barrett M, Khan A, Randle-Conde A, Blinov VE, Bukin AD, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Bondioli M, Curry S, Eschrich I, Kirkby D, Lankford AJ, Lund P, Mandelkern M, Martin EC, Stoker DP, Atmacan H, Gary JW, Liu F, Long O, Vitug GM, Yasin Z, Zhang L, Sharma V, Campagnari C, Hong TM, Kovalskyi D, Mazur MA, Richman JD, Beck TW, Eisner AM, Heusch CA, Kroseberg J, Lockman WS, Martinez AJ, Schalk T, Schumm BA, Seiden A, Wang L, Winstrom LO, Cheng CH, Doll DA, Echenard B, Fang F, Hitlin DG, Narsky I, Piatenko T, Porter FC, Andreassen R, Mancinelli G, Meadows BT, Mishra K, Sokoloff MD, Bloom PC, Ford WT, Gaz A, Hirschauer JF, Nagel M, Nauenberg U, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Ayad R, Toki WH, Wilson RJ, Feltresi E, Hauke A, Jasper H, Karbach TM, Merkel J, Petzold A, Spaan B, Wacker K, Kobel MJ, Nogowski R, Schubert KR, Schwierz R, Volk A, Bernard D, Latour E, Verderi M, Clark PJ, Playfer S, Watson JE, Andreotti M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cecchi A, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Franchini P, Luppi E, Munerato M, Negrini M, Petrella A, Piemontese L, Santoro V, Baldini-Ferroli R, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Pacetti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rama M, Zallo A, Contri R, Guido E, Lo Vetere M, Monge MR, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Robutti E, Tosi S, Chaisanguanthum KS, Morii M, Adametz A, Marks J, Schenk S, Uwer U, Bernlochner FU, Klose V, Lacker HM, Bard DJ, Dauncey PD, Tibbetts M, Behera PK, Charles MJ, Mallik U, Cochran J, Crawley HB, Dong L, Eyges V, Meyer WT, Prell S, Rosenberg EI, Rubin AE, Gao YY, Gritsan AV, Guo ZJ, Arnaud N, Béquilleux J, D'Orazio A, Davier M, Derkach D, Firmino da Costa J, Grosdidier G, Le Diberder F, Lepeltier V, Lutz AM, Malaescu B, Pruvot S, Roudeau P, Schune MH, Serrano J, Sordini V, Stocchi A, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Bingham I, Burke JP, Chavez CA, Fry JR, Gabathuler E, Gamet R, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Clarke CK, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Sigamani M, Cowan G, Paramesvaran S, Wren AC, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Fritsch M, Gradl W, Hafner A, Alwyn KE, Bailey D, Barlow RJ, Jackson G, Lafferty GD, West TJ, Yi JI, Anderson J, Chen C, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Simi G, Tuggle JM, Dallapiccola C, Salvati E, Saremi S, Cowan R, Dujmic D, Fisher PH, Henderson SW, Sciolla G, Spitznagel M, Yamamoto RK, Zhao M, Patel PM, Robertson SH, Schram M, Lazzaro A, Lombardo V, Palombo F, Stracka S, Bauer JM, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Kroeger R, Sonnek P, Summers DJ, Zhao HW, Simard M, Taras P, Nicholson H, De Nardo G, Lista L, Monorchio D, Onorato G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Snoek HL, Jessop CP, Knoepfel KJ, Losecco JM, Wang WF, Corwin LA, Honscheid K, Kagan H, Kass R, Morris JP, Rahimi AM, Regensburger JJ, Sekula SJ, Wong QK, Blount NL, Brau J, Frey R, Igonkina O, Kolb JA, Lu M, Rahmat R, Sinev NB, Strom D, Strube J, Torrence E, Castelli G, Gagliardi N, Margoni M, Morandin M, Posocco M, Rotondo M, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Voci C, Del Amo Sanchez P, Ben-Haim E, Bonneaud GR, Briand H, Chauveau J, Hamon O, Leruste P, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Perez A, Prendki J, Sitt S, Gladney L, Biasini M, Manoni E, Angelini C, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Calderini G, Carpinelli M, Cervelli A, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Morganti M, Neri N, Paoloni E, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Lopes Pegna D, Lu C, Olsen J, Smith AJS, Telnov AV, Anulli F, Baracchini E, Cavoto G, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Gaspero M, Jackson PD, Li Gioi L, Mazzoni MA, Morganti S, Piredda G, Renga F, Voena C, Ebert M, Hartmann T, Schröder H, Waldi R, Adye T, Franek B, Olaiya EO, Wilson FF, Emery S, Esteve L, Hamel de Monchenault G, Kozanecki W, Vasseur G, Yèche C, Zito M, Allen MT, Aston D, Bartoldus R, Benitez JF, Cenci R, Coleman JP, Convery MR, Dingfelder JC, Dorfan J, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dunwoodie W, Field RC, Franco Sevilla M, Gabareen AM, Graham MT, Grenier P, Hast C, Innes WR, Kaminski J, Kelsey MH, Kim H, Kim P, Kocian ML, Leith DWGS, Li S, Lindquist B, Luitz S, Luth V, Lynch HL, Macfarlane DB, Marsiske H, Messner R, Muller DR, Neal H, Nelson S, O'Grady CP, Ofte I, Perl M, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Salnikov AA, Schindler RH, Schwiening J, Snyder A, Su D, Sullivan MK, Suzuki K, Swain SK, Thompson JM, Va'vra J, Wagner AP, Weaver M, West CA, Wisniewski WJ, Wittgen M, Wright DH, Wulsin HW, Yarritu AK, Young CC, Ziegler V, Chen XR, Liu H, Park W, Purohit MV, White RM, Wilson JR, Burchat PR, Edwards AJ, Miyashita TS, Ahmed S, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Pan B, Saeed MA, Zain SB, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Wogsland BJ, Eckmann R, Ritchie JL, Ruland AM, Schilling CJ, Schwitters RF, Wray BC, Drummond BW, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, Gamba D, Pelliccioni M, Bomben M, Bosisio L, Cartaro C, Della Ricca G, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Azzolini V, Lopez-March N, Martinez-Vidal F, Milanes DA, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Banerjee S, Bhuyan B, Choi HHF, Hamano K, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lewczuk MJ, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Ilic J, Latham TE, Mohanty GB, Puccio EMT, Band HR, Chen X, Dasu S, Flood KT, Pan Y, Prepost R, Vuosalo CO, Wu SL. Measurement of B-->K{*}(892)gamma branching fractions and CP and Isospin asymmetries. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:211802. [PMID: 20366028 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.211802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present an analysis of the decays B{0}-->K{*0}(892)gamma and B{+}-->K{*+}(892)gamma using a sample of about 383 x 10{6} BB[-over ] events collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric energy B factory. We measure the branching fractions B(B{0}-->K{*0}gamma)=(4.47+/-0.10+/-0.16) x 10{-5} and B(B{+}-->K{*+}gamma)=(4.22+/-0.14+/-0.16) x 10{-5}. We constrain the direct CP asymmetry to be -0.033<A(B-->K{*}gamma)<0.028 and the isospin asymmetry to be 0.017<Delta{0-} < 0.116, where the limits are determined by the 90% confidence interval and include both the statistical and systematic uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Aubert
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
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Aubert B, Bona M, Karyotakis Y, Lees JP, Poireau V, Prencipe E, Prudent X, Tisserand V, Tico JG, Grauges E, Lopez L, Palano A, Pappagallo M, Eigen G, Stugu B, Sun L, Abrams GS, Battaglia M, Brown DN, Cahn RN, Jacobsen RG, Kerth LT, Kolomensky YG, Lynch G, Osipenkov IL, Ronan MT, Tackmann K, Tanabe T, Hawkes CM, Soni N, Watson AT, Koch H, Schroeder T, Walker D, Asgeirsson DJ, Fulsom BG, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, Barrett M, Khan A, Blinov VE, Bukin AD, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Bondioli M, Curry S, Eschrich I, Kirkby D, Lankford AJ, Lund P, Mandelkern M, Martin EC, Stoker DP, Abachi S, Buchanan C, Gary JW, Liu F, Long O, Shen BC, Vitug GM, Yasin Z, Zhang L, Sharma V, Campagnari C, Hong TM, Kovalskyi D, Mazur MA, Richman JD, Beck TW, Eisner AM, Flacco CJ, Heusch CA, Kroseberg J, Lockman WS, Schalk T, Schumm BA, Seiden A, Wang L, Wilson MG, Winstrom LO, Cheng CH, Doll DA, Echenard B, Fang F, Hitlin DG, Narsky I, Piatenko T, Porter FC, Andreassen R, Mancinelli G, Meadows BT, Mishra K, Sokoloff MD, Bloom PC, Ford WT, Gaz A, Hirschauer JF, Nagel M, Nauenberg U, Smith JG, Ulmer KA, Wagner SR, Ayad R, Soffer A, Toki WH, Wilson RJ, Altenburg DD, Feltresi E, Hauke A, Jasper H, Karbach M, Merkel J, Petzold A, Spaan B, Wacker K, Kobel MJ, Mader WF, Nogowski R, Schubert KR, Schwierz R, Sundermann JE, Volk A, Bernard D, Bonneaud GR, Latour E, Thiebaux C, Verderi M, Clark PJ, Gradl W, Playfer S, Watson JE, Andreotti M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cecchi A, Cibinetto G, Franchini P, Luppi E, Negrini M, Petrella A, Piemontese L, Santoro V, Baldini-Ferroli R, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Pacetti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rama M, Zallo A, Buzzo A, Contri R, Lo Vetere M, Macri MM, Monge MR, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Robutti E, Santroni A, Tosi S, Chaisanguanthum KS, Morii M, Marks J, Schenk S, Uwer U, Klose V, Lacker HM, Bard DJ, Dauncey PD, Nash JA, Vazquez WP, Tibbetts M, Behera PK, Chai X, Charles MJ, Mallik U, Cochran J, Crawley HB, Dong L, Meyer WT, Prell S, Rosenberg EI, Rubin AE, Gao YY, Gritsan AV, Guo ZJ, Lae CK, Denig AG, Fritsch M, Schott G, Arnaud N, Béquilleux J, D'Orazio A, Davier M, da Costa JF, Grosdidier G, Höcker A, Lepeltier V, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Pruvot S, Roudeau P, Schune MH, Serrano J, Sordini V, Stocchi A, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Bingham I, Burke JP, Chavez CA, Fry JR, Gabathuler E, Gamet R, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Clarke CK, George KA, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Sigamani M, Cowan G, Flaecher HU, Hopkins DA, Paramesvaran S, Salvatore F, Wren AC, Brown DN, Davis CL, Alwyn KE, Bailey D, Barlow RJ, Chia YM, Edgar CL, Jackson G, Lafferty GD, West TJ, Yi JI, Anderson J, Chen C, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Simi G, Tuggle JM, Dallapiccola C, Li X, Salvati E, Saremi S, Cowan R, Dujmic D, Fisher PH, Koeneke K, Sciolla G, Spitznagel M, Taylor F, Yamamoto RK, Zhao M, Patel PM, Robertson SH, Lazzaro A, Lombardo V, Palombo F, Bauer JM, Cremaldi L, Eschenburg V, Godang R, Kroeger R, Sanders DA, Summers DJ, Zhao HW, Simard M, Taras P, Viaud FB, Nicholson H, De Nardo G, Lista L, Monorchio D, Onorato G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Snoek HL, Jessop CP, Knoepfel KJ, LoSecco JM, Wang WF, Benelli G, Corwin LA, Honscheid K, Kagan H, Kass R, Morris JP, Rahimi AM, Regensburger JJ, Sekula SJ, Wong QK, Blount NL, Brau J, Frey R, Igonkina O, Kolb JA, Lu M, Rahmat R, Sinev NB, Strom D, Strube J, Torrence E, Castelli G, Gagliardi N, Margoni M, Morandin M, Posocco M, Rotondo M, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Voci C, Sanchez PDA, Ben-Haim E, Briand H, Calderini G, Chauveau J, David P, Del Buono L, Hamon O, Leruste P, Ocariz J, Perez A, Prendki J, Sitt S, Gladney L, Biasini M, Covarelli R, Manoni E, Angelini C, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Cervelli A, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Marchiori G, Morganti M, Neri N, Paoloni E, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Pegna DL, Lu C, Olsen J, Smith AJS, Telnov AV, Anulli F, Baracchini E, Cavoto G, del Re D, Di Marco E, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Gaspero M, Jackson PD, Gioi LL, Mazzoni MA, Morganti S, Piredda G, Polci F, Renga F, Voena C, Ebert M, Hartmann T, Schröder H, Waldi R, Adye T, Franek B, Olaiya EO, Wilson FF, Emery S, Escalier M, Esteve L, Ganzhur SF, de Monchenault GH, Kozanecki W, Vasseur G, Yèche C, Zito M, Chen XR, Liu H, Park W, Purohit MV, White RM, Wilson JR, Allen MT, Aston D, Bartoldus R, Bechtle P, Benitez JF, Cenci R, Coleman JP, Convery MR, Dingfelder JC, Dorfan J, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dunwoodie W, Field RC, Gabareen AM, Gowdy SJ, Graham MT, Grenier P, Hast C, Innes WR, Kaminski J, Kelsey MH, Kim H, Kim P, Kocian ML, Leith DWGS, Li S, Lindquist B, Luitz S, Luth V, Lynch HL, MacFarlane DB, Marsiske H, Messner R, Muller DR, Neal H, Nelson S, O'Grady CP, Ofte I, Perazzo A, Perl M, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Salnikov AA, Schindler RH, Schwiening J, Snyder A, Su D, Sullivan MK, Suzuki K, Swain SK, Thompson JM, Va'vra J, Wagner AP, Weaver M, West CA, Wisniewski WJ, Wittgen M, Wright DH, Wulsin HW, Yarritu AK, Yi K, Young CC, Ziegler V, Burchat PR, Edwards AJ, Majewski SA, Miyashita TS, Petersen BA, Wilden L, Ahmed S, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Pan B, Saeed MA, Zain SB, Spanier SM, Wogsland BJ, Eckmann R, Ritchie JL, Ruland AM, Schilling CJ, Schwitters RF, Drummond BW, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, Gamba D, Pelliccioni M, Bomben M, Bosisio L, Cartaro C, Ricca GD, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Azzolini V, Lopez-March N, Martinez-Vidal F, Milanes DA, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Banerjee S, Bhuyan B, Choi HHF, Hamano K, Kowalewski R, Lewczuk MJ, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Ilic J, Latham TE, Mohanty GB, Band HR, Chen X, Dasu S, Flood KT, Pan Y, Pierini M, Prepost R, Vuosalo CO, Wu SL. Measurement of D{0}-D[-over]{0} mixing from a time-dependent amplitude analysis of D{0}-->K+pi{-}pi{0} decays. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:211801. [PMID: 20366027 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.211801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Revised: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present evidence of D{0}-D[-over ]{0} mixing using a time-dependent amplitude analysis of the decay D{0}-->K+pi{-}pi;{0} in a data sample of 384 fb{-1} collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e+e{-} collider at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. Assuming CP conservation, we measure the mixing parameters x{Kpipi{0}}{'}=[2.61{-0.68}{+0.57}(stat)+/-0.39(syst)]%, y{Kpipi;{0}}{'}=[-0.06{-0.64}{+0.55}(stat)+/-0.34(syst)]%. This result is inconsistent with the no-mixing hypothesis with a significance of 3.2 standard deviations. We find no evidence of CP violation in mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Aubert
- Laboratoire de Physique des Particules, IN2P3/CNRS et Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
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Aubert B, Karyotakis Y, Lees JP, Poireau V, Prencipe E, Prudent X, Tisserand V, Tico JG, Grauges E, Martinelli M, Palano A, Pappagallo M, Eigen G, Stugu B, Sun L, Battaglia M, Brown DN, Kerth LT, Kolomensky YG, Lynch G, Osipenkov IL, Tackmann K, Tanabe T, Hawkes CM, Soni N, Watson AT, Koch H, Schroeder T, Asgeirsson DJ, Fulsom BG, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, Barrett M, Khan A, Randle-Conde A, Blinov VE, Bukin AD, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Bondioli M, Curry S, Eschrich I, Kirkby D, Lankford AJ, Lund P, Mandelkern M, Martin EC, Stoker DP, Atmacan H, Gary JW, Liu F, Long O, Vitug GM, Yasin Z, Sharma V, Campagnari C, Hong TM, Kovalskyi D, Mazur MA, Richman JD, Beck TW, Eisner AM, Heusch CA, Kroseberg J, Lockman WS, Martinez AJ, Schalk T, Schumm BA, Seiden A, Wang L, Winstrom LO, Cheng CH, Doll DA, Echenard B, Fang F, Hitlin DG, Narsky I, Ongmongkolkul P, Piatenko T, Porter FC, Andreassen R, Mancinelli G, Meadows BT, Mishra K, Sokoloff MD, Bloom PC, Ford WT, Gaz A, Hirschauer JF, Nagel M, Nauenberg U, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Ayad R, Toki WH, Wilson RJ, Feltresi E, Hauke A, Jasper H, Karbach TM, Merkel J, Petzold A, Spaan B, Wacker K, Kobel MJ, Nogowski R, Schubert KR, Schwierz R, Bernard D, Latour E, Verderi M, Clark PJ, Playfer S, Watson JE, Andreotti M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cecchi A, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Franchini P, Luppi E, Munerato M, Negrini M, Petrella A, Piemontese L, Santoro V, Baldini-Ferroli R, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Pacetti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rama M, Zallo A, Contri R, Guido E, Lo Vetere M, Monge MR, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Robutti E, Tosi S, Chaisanguanthum KS, Morii M, Adametz A, Marks J, Schenk S, Uwer U, Bernlochner FU, Klose V, Lacker HM, Lueck T, Volk A, Bard DJ, Dauncey PD, Tibbetts M, Behera PK, Charles MJ, Mallik U, Cochran J, Crawley HB, Dong L, Eyges V, Meyer WT, Prell S, Rosenberg EI, Rubin AE, Gao YY, Gritsan AV, Guo ZJ, Arnaud N, Béquilleux J, D'Orazio A, Davier M, Derkach D, da Costa JF, Grosdidier G, Le Diberder F, Lepeltier V, Lutz AM, Malaescu B, Pruvot S, Roudeau P, Schune MH, Serrano J, Sordini V, Stocchi A, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Bingham I, Burke JP, Chavez CA, Fry JR, Gabathuler E, Gamet R, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Clarke CK, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Sigamani M, Cowan G, Paramesvaran S, Wren AC, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Fritsch M, Gradl W, Hafner A, Alwyn KE, Bailey D, Barlow RJ, Jackson G, Lafferty GD, West TJ, Yi JI, Anderson J, Chen C, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Simi G, Tuggle JM, Dallapiccola C, Salvati E, Cowan R, Dujmic D, Fisher PH, Henderson SW, Sciolla G, Spitznagel M, Yamamoto RK, Zhao M, Patel PM, Robertson SH, Schram M, Biassoni P, Lazzaro A, Lombardo V, Palombo F, Stracka S, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Kroeger R, Sonnek P, Summers DJ, Zhao HW, Simard M, Taras P, Nicholson H, De Nardo G, Lista L, Monorchio D, Onorato G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Snoek HL, Jessop CP, Knoepfel KJ, Losecco JM, Wang WF, Corwin LA, Honscheid K, Kagan H, Kass R, Morris JP, Rahimi AM, Sekula SJ, Wong QK, Blount NL, Brau J, Frey R, Igonkina O, Kolb JA, Lu M, Rahmat R, Sinev NB, Strom D, Strube J, Torrence E, Castelli G, Gagliardi N, Margoni M, Morandin M, Posocco M, Rotondo M, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Voci C, Del Amo Sanchez P, Ben-Haim E, Bonneaud GR, Briand H, Chauveau J, Hamon O, Leruste P, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Perez A, Prendki J, Sitt S, Gladney L, Biasini M, Manoni E, Angelini C, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Calderini G, Carpinelli M, Cervelli A, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Morganti M, Neri N, Paoloni E, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Lopes Pegna D, Lu C, Olsen J, Smith AJS, Telnov AV, Anulli F, Baracchini E, Cavoto G, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Gaspero M, Jackson PD, Gioi LL, Mazzoni MA, Morganti S, Piredda G, Renga F, Voena C, Ebert M, Hartmann T, Schröder H, Waldi R, Adye T, Franek B, Olaiya EO, Wilson FF, Emery S, Esteve L, Hamel de Monchenault G, Kozanecki W, Vasseur G, Yèche C, Zito M, Allen MT, Aston D, Bartoldus R, Benitez JF, Cenci R, Coleman JP, Convery MR, Dingfelder JC, Dorfan J, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dunwoodie W, Field RC, Sevilla MF, Gabareen AM, Graham MT, Grenier P, Hast C, Innes WR, Kaminski J, Kelsey MH, Kim H, Kim P, Kocian ML, Leith DWGS, Li S, Lindquist B, Luitz S, Luth V, Lynch HL, Macfarlane DB, Marsiske H, Messner R, Muller DR, Neal H, Nelson S, O'Grady CP, Ofte I, Perl M, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Salnikov AA, Schindler RH, Schwiening J, Snyder A, Su D, Sullivan MK, Suzuki K, Swain SK, Thompson JM, Va'vra J, Wagner AP, Weaver M, West CA, Wisniewski WJ, Wittgen M, Wright DH, Wulsin HW, Yarritu AK, Young CC, Ziegler V, Chen XR, Liu H, Park W, Purohit MV, White RM, Wilson JR, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Edwards AJ, Miyashita TS, Ahmed S, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Pan B, Saeed MA, Zain SB, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Wogsland BJ, Eckmann R, Ritchie JL, Ruland AM, Schilling CJ, Schwitters RF, Wray BC, Drummond BW, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, Gamba D, Pelliccioni M, Bomben M, Bosisio L, Cartaro C, Della Ricca G, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Azzolini V, Lopez-March N, Martinez-Vidal F, Milanes DA, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Banerjee S, Bhuyan B, Choi HHF, Hamano K, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lewczuk MJ, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Ilic J, Latham TE, Mohanty GB, Puccio EMT, Band HR, Chen X, Dasu S, Flood KT, Pan Y, Prepost R, Vuosalo CO, Wu SL. Search for a low-mass higgs boson in Upsilon(3S)-->gammaA(0), A(0)-->tau(+)tau(-) at BABAR. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:181801. [PMID: 19905799 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.181801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We search for a light Higgs boson A0 in the radiative decay Upsilon(3S)-->gammaA(0), A(0)-->tau+tau-, tau+-->e+nu(e)nu(tau), or tau+-->mu+nu(mu)nu(tau). The data sample contains 122x10(6) Upsilon(3S) events recorded with the BABAR detector. We find no evidence for a narrow structure in the studied tau+tau- invariant mass region of 4.03<m(tau+tau-)<10.10 GeV/c2. We exclude at the 90% confidence level (C.L.) a low-mass Higgs boson decaying to tau+tau- with a product branching fraction B(Upsilon(3S)-->gammaA(0))xB(A(0)-->tau+tau-)>(1.5-16)x10(-5) across the m(tau+tau-) range. We also set a 90% C.L. upper limit on the tau+tau- decay of the eta(b) at B(eta(b)-->tau+tau-)<8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Aubert
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
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Aubert B, Bona M, Karyotakis Y, Lees JP, Poireau V, Prencipe E, Prudent X, Tisserand V, Garra Tico J, Grauges E, Lopez L, Palano A, Pappagallo M, Eigen G, Stugu B, Sun L, Battaglia M, Brown DN, Kerth LT, Kolomensky YG, Lynch G, Osipenkov IL, Tackmann K, Tanabe T, Hawkes CM, Soni N, Watson AT, Koch H, Schroeder T, Asgeirsson DJ, Fulsom BG, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, Barrett M, Khan A, Randle-Conde A, Blinov VE, Bukin AD, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Bondioli M, Curry S, Eschrich I, Kirkby D, Lankford AJ, Lund P, Mandelkern M, Martin EC, Stoker DP, Abachi S, Buchanan C, Atmacan H, Gary JW, Liu F, Long O, Vitug GM, Yasin Z, Zhang L, Sharma V, Campagnari C, Hong TM, Kovalskyi D, Mazur MA, Richman JD, Beck TW, Eisner AM, Heusch CA, Kroseberg J, Lockman WS, Martinez AJ, Schalk T, Schumm BA, Seiden A, Winstrom LO, Cheng CH, Doll DA, Echenard B, Fang F, Hitlin DG, Narsky I, Piatenko T, Porter FC, Andreassen R, Mancinelli G, Meadows BT, Mishra K, Sokoloff MD, Bloom PC, Ford WT, Gaz A, Hirschauer JF, Nagel M, Nauenberg U, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Ayad R, Soffer A, Toki WH, Wilson RJ, Feltresi E, Hauke A, Jasper H, Karbach M, Merkel J, Petzold A, Spaan B, Wacker K, Kobel MJ, Nogowski R, Schubert KR, Schwierz R, Volk A, Bernard D, Bonneaud GR, Latour E, Verderi M, Clark PJ, Playfer S, Watson JE, Andreotti M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cecchi A, Cibinetto G, Franchini P, Luppi E, Negrini M, Petrella A, Piemontese L, Santoro V, Baldini-Ferroli R, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Pacetti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rama M, Zallo A, Contri R, Lo Vetere M, Monge MR, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Robutti E, Tosi S, Chaisanguanthum KS, Morii M, Adametz A, Marks J, Schenk S, Uwer U, Bernlochner FU, Klose V, Lacker HM, Bard DJ, Dauncey PD, Tibbetts M, Behera PK, Chai X, Charles MJ, Mallik U, Cochran J, Crawley HB, Dong L, Meyer WT, Prell S, Rosenberg EI, Rubin AE, Gao YY, Gritsan AV, Guo ZJ, Arnaud N, Béquilleux J, D'Orazio A, Davier M, Firmino da Costa J, Grosdidier G, Le Diberder F, Lepeltier V, Lutz AM, Pruvot S, Roudeau P, Schune MH, Serrano J, Sordini V, Stocchi A, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Bingham I, Burke JP, Chavez CA, Fry JR, Gabathuler E, Gamet R, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Clarke CK, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Sigamani M, Cowan G, Paramesvaran S, Wren AC, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Fritsch M, Gradl W, Alwyn KE, Bailey D, Barlow RJ, Jackson G, Lafferty GD, West TJ, Yi JI, Anderson J, Chen C, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Simi G, Tuggle JM, Dallapiccola C, Salvati E, Saremi S, Cowan R, Dujmic D, Fisher PH, Henderson SW, Sciolla G, Spitznagel M, Taylor F, Yamamoto RK, Zhao M, Patel PM, Robertson SH, Lazzaro A, Lombardo V, Palombo F, Bauer JM, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Kroeger R, Summers DJ, Zhao HW, Simard M, Taras P, Nicholson H, De Nardo G, Lista L, Monorchio D, Onorato G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Snoek HL, Jessop CP, Knoepfel KJ, Losecco JM, Wang WF, Corwin LA, Honscheid K, Kagan H, Kass R, Morris JP, Rahimi AM, Regensburger JJ, Sekula SJ, Wong QK, Blount NL, Brau J, Frey R, Igonkina O, Kolb JA, Lu M, Rahmat R, Sinev NB, Strom D, Strube J, Torrence E, Castelli G, Gagliardi N, Margoni M, Morandin M, Posocco M, Rotondo M, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Voci C, Del Amo Sanchez P, Ben-Haim E, Briand H, Chauveau J, Hamon O, Leruste P, Ocariz J, Perez A, Prendki J, Sitt S, Gladney L, Biasini M, Manoni E, Angelini C, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Calderini G, Carpinelli M, Cervelli A, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Marchiori G, Morganti M, Neri N, Paoloni E, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Lopes Pegna D, Lu C, Olsen J, Smith AJS, Telnov AV, Anulli F, Baracchini E, Cavoto G, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Gaspero M, Jackson PD, Li Gioi L, Mazzoni MA, Morganti S, Piredda G, Renga F, Voena C, Ebert M, Hartmann T, Schröder H, Waldi R, Adye T, Franek B, Olaiya EO, Wilson FF, Emery S, Esteve L, Hamel de Monchenault G, Kozanecki W, Vasseur G, Yèche C, Zito M, Chen XR, Liu H, Park W, Purohit MV, White RM, Wilson JR, Allen MT, Aston D, Bartoldus R, Benitez JF, Cenci R, Coleman JP, Convery MR, Dingfelder JC, Dorfan J, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dunwoodie W, Field RC, Gabareen AM, Graham MT, Grenier P, Hast C, Innes WR, Kaminski J, Kelsey MH, Kim H, Kim P, Kocian ML, Leith DWGS, Li S, Lindquist B, Luitz S, Luth V, Lynch HL, Macfarlane DB, Marsiske H, Messner R, Muller DR, Neal H, Nelson S, O'Grady CP, Ofte I, Perl M, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Salnikov AA, Schindler RH, Schwiening J, Snyder A, Su D, Sullivan MK, Suzuki K, Swain SK, Thompson JM, Va'vra J, Wagner AP, Weaver M, West CA, Wisniewski WJ, Wittgen M, Wright DH, Wulsin HW, Yarritu AK, Yi K, Young CC, Ziegler V, Burchat PR, Edwards AJ, Miyashita TS, Ahmed S, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Pan B, Saeed MA, Zain SB, Spanier SM, Wogsland BJ, Eckmann R, Ritchie JL, Ruland AM, Schilling CJ, Schwitters RF, Drummond BW, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, Gamba D, Pelliccioni M, Bomben M, Bosisio L, Cartaro C, Della Ricca G, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Azzolini V, Lopez-March N, Martinez-Vidal F, Milanes DA, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Banerjee S, Bhuyan B, Choi HHF, Hamano K, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lewczuk MJ, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Ilic J, Latham TE, Mohanty GB, Puccio EMT, Band HR, Chen X, Dasu S, Flood KT, Pan Y, Prepost R, Vuosalo CO, Wu SL. Evidence for the eta(b)(1S) meson in radiative Upsilon(2S) decay. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:161801. [PMID: 19905689 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.161801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We have performed a search for the eta_{b}(1S) meson in the radiative decay of the Upsilon(2S) resonance using a sample of 91.6x10(6) Upsilon(2S) events recorded with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II B factory at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. We observe a peak in the photon energy spectrum at Egamma=609.3(-4.5)(+4.6)(stat)+/-1.9(syst) MeV, corresponding to an eta(b)(1S) mass of 9394.2(-4.9)(+4.8)(stat)+/-2.0(syst) MeV/c2. The branching fraction for the decay Upsilon(2S)-->gamma(eta)b(1S) is determined to be [3.9+/-1.1(stat)-0.9+1.1(syst)]x10(-4). We find the ratio of branching fractions B[Upsilon(2S)-->gamma(eta)b(1S)]/B[Upsilon(3S)-->gamma(eta)b(1S)]=0.82+/-0.24(stat)(-0.19)(+0.20)(syst).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Aubert
- Laboratoire de Physique des Particules, IN2P3/CNRS et Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
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Aubert B, Karyotakis Y, Lees JP, Poireau V, Prencipe E, Prudent X, Tisserand V, Garra Tico J, Grauges E, Martinelli M, Palano A, Pappagallo M, Eigen G, Stugu B, Sun L, Battaglia M, Brown DN, Kerth LT, Kolomensky YG, Lynch G, Osipenkov IL, Petigura E, Tackmann K, Tanabe T, Hawkes CM, Soni N, Watson AT, Koch H, Schroeder T, Asgeirsson DJ, Fulsom BG, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, Barrett M, Khan A, Randle-Conde A, Blinov VE, Bukin AD, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Bondioli M, Curry S, Eschrich I, Kirkby D, Lankford AJ, Lund P, Mandelkern M, Martin EC, Stoker DP, Atmacan H, Gary JW, Liu F, Long O, Vitug GM, Yasin Z, Sharma V, Campagnari C, Hong TM, Kovalskyi D, Mazur MA, Richman JD, Beck TW, Eisner AM, Heusch CA, Kroseberg J, Lockman WS, Martinez AJ, Schalk T, Schumm BA, Seiden A, Wang L, Winstrom LO, Cheng CH, Doll DA, Echenard B, Fang F, Hitlin DG, Narsky I, Ongmongkolku P, Piatenko T, Porter FC, Andreassen R, Mancinelli G, Meadows BT, Mishra K, Sokoloff MD, Bloom PC, Ford WT, Gaz A, Hirschauer JF, Nagel M, Nauenberg U, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Ayad R, Toki WH, Wilson RJ, Feltresi E, Hauke A, Jasper H, Karbach TM, Merkel J, Petzold A, Spaan B, Wacker K, Kobel MJ, Nogowski R, Schubert KR, Schwierz R, Volk A, Bernard D, Latour E, Verderi M, Clark PJ, Playfer S, Watson JE, Andreotti M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cecchi A, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Franchini P, Luppi E, Munerato M, Negrini M, Petrella A, Piemontese L, Santoro V, Baldini-Ferroli R, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Pacetti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rama M, Zallo A, Contri R, Guido E, Lo Vetere M, Monge MR, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Robutti E, Tosi S, Chaisanguanthum KS, Morii M, Adametz A, Marks J, Schenk S, Uwer U, Bernlochner FU, Klose V, Lacker HM, Bard DJ, Dauncey PD, Tibbetts M, Behera PK, Charles MJ, Mallik U, Cochran J, Crawley HB, Dong L, Eyges V, Meyer WT, Prell S, Rosenberg EI, Rubin AE, Gao YY, 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FF, Emery S, Esteve L, Hamel de Monchenault G, Kozanecki W, Vasseur G, Yèche C, Zito M, Allen MT, Aston D, Bartoldus R, Benitez JF, Cenci R, Coleman JP, Convery MR, Dingfelder JC, Dorfan J, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dunwoodie W, Field RC, Franco Sevilla M, Gabareen AM, Graham MT, Grenier P, Hast C, Innes WR, Kaminski J, Kelsey MH, Kim H, Kim P, Kocian ML, Leith DWGS, Li S, Lindquist B, Luitz S, Luth V, Lynch HL, MacFarlane DB, Marsiske H, Messner R, Muller DR, Neal H, Nelson S, O'Grady CP, Ofte I, Perl M, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Salnikov AA, Schindler RH, Schwiening J, Snyder A, Su D, Sullivan MK, Suzuki K, Swain SK, Thompson JM, Va'vra J, Wagner AP, Weaver M, West CA, Wisniewski WJ, Wittgen M, Wright DH, Wulsin HW, Yarritu AK, Young CC, Ziegler V, Chen XR, Liu H, Park W, Purohit MV, White RM, Wilson JR, Burchat PR, Edwards AJ, Miyashita TS, Ahmed S, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Pan B, Saeed MA, Zain SB, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Wogsland BJ, Eckmann R, Ritchie JL, Ruland AM, Schilling CJ, Schwitters RF, Wray BC, Drummond BW, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, Gamba D, Pelliccioni M, Bomben M, Bosisio L, Cartaro C, Della Ricca G, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Azzolini V, Lopez-March N, Martinez-Vidal F, Milanes DA, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Banerjee S, Bhuyan B, Choi HHF, Hamano K, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lewczuk MJ, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Ilic J, Latham TE, Mohanty GB, Puccio EMT, Band HR, Chen X, Dasu S, Flood KT, Pan Y, Prepost R, Vuosalo CO, Wu SL. Search for dimuon decays of a light scalar boson in radiative transitions Upsilon-->gammaA0. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:081803. [PMID: 19792717 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.081803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We search for evidence of a light scalar boson in the radiative decays of the Upsilon(2S) and Upsilon(3S) resonances: Upsilon(2S,3S)-->gammaA0, A0-->mu+mu-. Such a particle appears in extensions of the standard model, where a light CP-odd Higgs boson naturally couples strongly to b quarks. We find no evidence for such processes in the mass range 0.212 < or = mA0 < or = 9.3 GeV in the samples of 99 x 10(6) Upsilon(2S) and 122 x 10(6) Upsilon(3S) decays collected by the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II B factory and set stringent upper limits on the effective coupling of the b quark to the A0. We also limit the dimuon branching fraction of the etab meson: B(etab-->mu+mu-)<0.9% at 90% confidence level.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Aubert
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
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