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Taylor Z, English C, Cramberg M, Young BA. The influence of spinal venous blood pressure on cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20989. [PMID: 38017027 PMCID: PMC10684553 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48334-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In Alligator mississippiensis the spinal dura is surrounded by a venous sinus; pressure waves can propagate in the spinal venous blood, and these spinal venous pressures can be transmitted to the spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This study was designed to explore pressure transfer between the spinal venous blood and the spinal CSF. At rest the cardiac-related CSF pulsations are attenuated and delayed, while the ventilatory-related pulsations are amplified as they move from the spinal venous blood to the spinal CSF. Orthostatic gradients resulted in significant alterations of both cardiac- and ventilatory-related CSF pulsations. Manual lateral oscillations of the alligator's tail created pressure waves in the spinal CSF that propagated, with slight attenuation but no delay, to the cranial CSF. Oscillatory pressure pulsations in the spinal CSF and venous blood had little influence on the underlying ventilatory pulsations, though the same oscillatory pulsations reduced the ventilatory- and increased the cardiac-related pulsations in the cranial CSF. In Alligator the spinal venous anatomy creates a more complex pressure relationship between the venous and CSF systems than has been described in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Taylor
- Department of Anatomy, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kirksville, MO, 63501, USA
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- Department of Anatomy, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kirksville, MO, 63501, USA
| | - M Cramberg
- Department of Anatomy, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kirksville, MO, 63501, USA
| | - B A Young
- Department of Anatomy, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kirksville, MO, 63501, USA.
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English C, Fritz NE, Gomes-Osman J. Telehealth Models of Service Delivery-A Brave New World. J Neurol Phys Ther 2023; 47:187-188. [PMID: 37725806 DOI: 10.1097/npt.0000000000000457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
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M, D'Afflitto M, Deshpande A, Duque Golding J, Frisira E, Germani Batacchi M, Gomaa A, Hay D, Hutchison R, Iakovou A, Iakovou D, Ismail E, Jefferson S, Jones L, Khouli Y, Knowles C, Mason J, McCaughan R, Moffatt J, Morawala A, Nadir H, Neyroud F, Nikookam Y, Parmar A, Pinto L, Ramamoorthy R, Richards E, Thomson S, Trainer C, Valetopoulou A, Vassiliou A, Wantman A, Wilde S, Dickinson M, Rockall T, Senn D, Wcislo K, Zalmay P, Adelekan K, Allen K, Bajaj M, Gatumbu P, Hang S, Hashmi Y, Kaur T, Kawesha A, Kisiel A, Woodmass M, Adelowo T, Ahari D, Alhwaishel K, Atherton R, Clayton B, Cockroft A, Curtis Lopez C, Hilton M, Ismail N, Kouadria M, Lee L, MacConnachie A, Monks F, Mungroo S, Nikoletopoulou C, Pearce L, Sara X, Shahid A, Suresh G, Wilcha R, Atiyah A, Davies E, Dermanis A, Gibbons H, Hyde A, Lawson A, Lee C, Leung-Tack M, Li Saw Hee J, Mostafa O, Nair D, Pattani N, Plumbley-Jones J, Pufal K, Ramesh P, Sanghera J, Saram S, Scadding S, See S, Stringer H, Torrance A, Vardon H, Wyn-Griffiths F, Brew A, Kaur G, Soni D, Tickle A, Akbar Z, Appleyard T, Figg K, Jayawardena P, Johnson A, Kamran Siddiqui Z, Lacy-Colson J, Oatham R, Rowlands B, Sludden E, Turnbull C, Allin D, Ansar Z, Azeez Z, Dale VH, Garg J, Horner A, Jones S, Knight S, McGregor C, McKenna J, McLelland T, Packham-Smith A, Rowsell K, Spector-Hill I, Adeniken E, Baker J, Bartlett M, Chikomba L, Connell B, Deekonda P, Dhar M, Elmansouri A, Gamage K, Goodhew R, Hanna P, Knight J, Luca A, Maasoumi N, Mahamoud F, Manji S, Marwaha PK, Mason F, Oluboyede A, Pigott L, Razaq AM, Richardson M, Saddaoui I, Wijeyendram P, Yau S, Atkins W, Liang K, Miles N, Praveen B, Ashai S, Braganza J, Common J, Cundy A, Davies R, Guthrie J, Handa I, Iqbal M, Ismail R, Jones C, Jones I, Lee KS, Levene A, Okocha M, Olivier J, Smith A, Subramaniam E, Tandle S, Wang A, Watson A, Wilson C, Chan XHF, Khoo E, Montgomery C, Norris M, Pugalenthi PP, Common T, Cook E, Mistry H, Shinmar HS, Agarwal G, Bandyopadhyay S, Brazier B, Carroll L, Goede A, Harbourne A, Lakhani A, Lami M, Larwood J, Martin J, Merchant J, Pattenden S, Pradhan A, Raafat N, Rothwell E, Shammoon Y, Sudarshan R, Vickers E, Wingfield L, Ashworth I, Azizi S, Bhate R, Chowdhury T, Christou A, Davies L, Dwaraknath M, Farah Y, Garner J, Gureviciute E, Hart E, Jain A, Javid S, Kankam HK, Kaur Toor P, Kaz R, Kermali M, Khan I, Mattson A, McManus A, Murphy M, Nair K, Ngemoh D, Norton E, Olabiran A, Parry L, Payne T, Pillai K, Price S, Punjabi K, Raghunathan A, Ramwell A, Raza M, Ritehnia J, Simpson G, Smith W, Sodeinde S, Studd L, Subramaniam M, Thomas J, Towey S, Tsang E, Tuteja D, Vasani J, Vio M, Badran A, Adams J, Anthony Wilkinson J, Asvandi S, Austin T, Bald A, Bix E, Carrick M, Chander B, Chowdhury S, Cooper Drake B, Crosbie S, D Portela S, Francis D, Gallagher C, Gillespie R, Gravett H, Gupta P, Ilyas C, James G, Johny J, Jones A, Kinder F, MacLeod C, Macrow C, Maqsood-Shah A, Mather J, McCann L, McMahon R, Mitham E, Mohamed M, Munton E, Nightingale K, O'Neill K, Onyemuchara I, Senior R, Shanahan A, Sherlock J, Spyridoulias A, Stavrou C, Stokes D, Tamang R, Taylor E, Trafford C, Uden C, Waddington C, Yassin D, Zaman M, Bangi S, Cheng T, Chew D, Hussain N, Imani-Masouleh S, Mahasivam G, McKnight G, Ng HL, Ota HC, Pasha T, Ravindran W, Shah K, Vishnu K S, Zaman S, Carr W, Cope S, Eagles EJ, Howarth-Maddison M, Li CY, Reed J, Ridge A, Stubbs T, Teasdaled D, Umar R, Worthington J, Dhebri A, Kalenderov R, Alattas A, Arain Z, Bhudia R, Chia D, Daniel S, Dar T, Garland H, Girish M, Hampson A, Kyriacou H, Lehovsky K, Mullins W, Omorphos N, Vasdev N, Venkatesh A, Waldock W, Bhandari A, Brown G, Choa G, Eichenauer CE, Ezennia K, Kidwai Z, Lloyd-Thomas A, Macaskill Stewart A, Massardi C, Sinclair E, Skajaa N, Smith M, Tan I, Afsheen N, Anuar A, Azam Z, Bhatia P, Davies-kelly N, Dickinson S, Elkawafi M, Ganapathy M, Gupta S, Khoury EG, Licudi D, Mehta V, Neequaye S, Nita G, Tay VL, Zhao S, Botsa E, Cuthbert H, Elliott J, Furlepa M, Lehmann J, Mangtani A, Narayan A, Nazarian S, Parmar C, Shah D, Shaw C, Zhao Z, Beck C, Caldwell S, Clements JM, French B, Kenny R, Kirk S, Lindsay J, McClung A, McLaughlin N, Watson S, Whiteside E, Alyacoubi S, Arumugam V, Beg R, Dawas K, Garg S, Lloyd ER, Mahfouz Y, Manobharath N, Moonesinghe R, Morka N, Patel K, Prashar J, Yip S, Adeeko ES, Ajekigbe F, Bhat A, Evans C, Farrugia A, Gurung C, Long T, Malik B, Manirajan S, Newport D, Rayer J, Ridha A, Ross E, Saran T, Sinker A, Waruingi D, Allen R, Al Sadek Y, Alves do Canto Brum H, Asharaf H, Ashman M, Balakumar V, Barrington J, Baskaran R, Berry A, Bhachoo H, Bilal A, Boaden L, Chia WL, Covell G, Crook D, Dadnam F, Davis L, De Berker H, Doyle C, Fox C, Gruffydd-Davies M, Hafouda Y, Hill A, Hubbard E, Hunter A, Inpadhas V, Jamshaid M, Jandu G, Jeyanthi M, Jones T, Kantor C, Kwak SY, Malik N, Matt R, McNulty P, Miles C, Mohomed A, Myat P, Niharika J, Nixon A, O'Reilly D, Parmar K, Pengelly S, Price L, Ramsden M, Turnor R, Wales E, Waring H, Wu M, Yang T, Ye TTS, Zander A, Zeicu C, Bellam S, Francombe J, Kawamoto N, Rahman MR, Sathyanarayana A, Tang HT, Cheung J, Hollingshead J, Page V, Sugarman J, Wong E, Chiong J, Fung E, Kan SY, Kiang J, Kok J, Krahelski O, Liew MY, Lyell B, Sharif Z, Speake D, Alim L, Amakye NY, Chandrasekaran J, Chandratreya N, Drake J, Owoso T, Thu YM, Abou El Ela Bourquin B, Alberts J, Chapman D, Rehnnuma N, Ainsworth K, Carpenter H, Emmanuel T, Fisher T, Gabrel M, Guan Z, Hollows S, Hotouras A, Ip Fung Chun N, Jaffer S, Kallikas G, Kennedy N, Lewinsohn B, Liu FY, Mohammed S, Rutherfurd A, Situ T, Stammer A, Taylor F, Thin N, Urgesi E, Zhang N, Ahmad MA, Bishop A, Bowes A, Dixit A, Glasson R, Hatta S, Hatt K, Larcombe S, Preece J, Riordan E, Fegredo D, Haq MZ, Li C, McCann G, Stewart D, Baraza W, Bhullar D, Burt G, Coyle J, Deans J, Devine A, Hird R, Ikotun O, Manchip G, Ross C, Storey L, Tan WWL, Tse C, Warner C, Whitehead M, Wu F, Court EL, Crisp E, Huttman M, Mayes F, Robertson H, Rosen H, Sandberg C, Smith H, Al Bakry M, Ashwell W, Bajaj S, Bandyopadhyay D, Browlee O, Burway S, Chand CP, Elsayeh K, Elsharkawi A, Evans E, Ferrin S, Fort-Schaale A, Iacob M, I K, Impelliziere Licastro G, Mankoo AS, Olaniyan T, Otun J, Pereira R, Reddy R, Saeed D, Simmonds O, Singhal G, Tron K, Wickstone C, Williams R, Bradshaw E, De Kock Jewell V, Houlden C, Knight C, Metezai H, Mirza-Davies A, Seymour Z, Spink D, Wischhusen S. Evaluation of prognostic risk models for postoperative pulmonary complications in adult patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: a systematic review and international external validation cohort study. Lancet Digit Health 2022; 4:e520-e531. [PMID: 35750401 DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(22)00069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stratifying risk of postoperative pulmonary complications after major abdominal surgery allows clinicians to modify risk through targeted interventions and enhanced monitoring. In this study, we aimed to identify and validate prognostic models against a new consensus definition of postoperative pulmonary complications. METHODS We did a systematic review and international external validation cohort study. The systematic review was done in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched MEDLINE and Embase on March 1, 2020, for articles published in English that reported on risk prediction models for postoperative pulmonary complications following abdominal surgery. External validation of existing models was done within a prospective international cohort study of adult patients (≥18 years) undergoing major abdominal surgery. Data were collected between Jan 1, 2019, and April 30, 2019, in the UK, Ireland, and Australia. Discriminative ability and prognostic accuracy summary statistics were compared between models for the 30-day postoperative pulmonary complication rate as defined by the Standardised Endpoints in Perioperative Medicine Core Outcome Measures in Perioperative and Anaesthetic Care (StEP-COMPAC). Model performance was compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCC). FINDINGS In total, we identified 2903 records from our literature search; of which, 2514 (86·6%) unique records were screened, 121 (4·8%) of 2514 full texts were assessed for eligibility, and 29 unique prognostic models were identified. Nine (31·0%) of 29 models had score development reported only, 19 (65·5%) had undergone internal validation, and only four (13·8%) had been externally validated. Data to validate six eligible models were collected in the international external validation cohort study. Data from 11 591 patients were available, with an overall postoperative pulmonary complication rate of 7·8% (n=903). None of the six models showed good discrimination (defined as AUROCC ≥0·70) for identifying postoperative pulmonary complications, with the Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia score showing the best discrimination (AUROCC 0·700 [95% CI 0·683-0·717]). INTERPRETATION In the pre-COVID-19 pandemic data, variability in the risk of pulmonary complications (StEP-COMPAC definition) following major abdominal surgery was poorly described by existing prognostication tools. To improve surgical safety during the COVID-19 pandemic recovery and beyond, novel risk stratification tools are required. FUNDING British Journal of Surgery Society.
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English C, Jakes A, Wheatstone S. 928 Current Practice in The Investigation and Management of Post-Operative Ileus. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Post-operative ileus is non-obstructive impairment of gastrointestinal motility after surgery. Treatment involves nil-by-mouth, correction of electrolytes and stopping aggravating medications. There is no current national/trust guideline for investigation and management of post-operative ileus.
Aim
To assess current practice in investigation and management of post-operative ileus on surgical wards at St Thomas’s Hospital.
Method
All patients with a diagnosis of post-operative ileus on surgical wards between November - December 2020 were identified. Their clinical notes were reviewed, and common themes explored.
Results
16 patients were diagnosed with post-operative ileus. 12 (75%) patients were male, with a median age of 60 (IQR: 28). 10 (63%) were open procedures, majority being colorectal (10; 63%), cardiothoracic (3; 19%), urological (2; 13%), vascular (1; 6%) operations. Average time between operation and diagnosis was 5.2 (range: 2-14) days. Bowel sounds were auscultated in only 2 (12.5%) patients at initial assessment. 8 (50%) patients had imaging to confirm diagnosis (AXR; 5, CT scan; 4). Majority (15; 94%) of patients had serum magnesium and potassium checked at diagnosis. All patients with serum potassium <4.0mmol/L (5) and magnesium <0.7mmol/L (2) had intravenous supplementation. 14 (88%) were administered Hartmann’s solution. 10 (63%) patients were made nil-by-mouth and 15 (94%) had a Ryles tube inserted. 2 (12.5%) patients were prescribed a prokinetic, and only 2 had either opioids or laxatives stopped. No patients were offered gum.
Conclusions
There is apparent clinical variation in investigation and management of post-operative ileus. We plan to develop an evidence-based trust guideline to reduce unwarranted clinical variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C English
- Guy's and St Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Jakes
- St. Helier hospital, Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Wheatstone
- Guy's and St Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Tkachev V, Kaminski J, Potter EL, Furlan SN, Yu A, Hunt DJ, McGuckin C, Zheng H, Colonna L, Gerdemann U, Carlson J, Hoffman M, Olvera J, English C, Baldessari A, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Watkins B, Qayed M, Suessmuth Y, Betz K, Bratrude B, Langston A, Horan JT, Ordovas-Montanes J, Shalek AK, Blazar BR, Roederer M, Kean LS. Spatiotemporal single-cell profiling reveals that invasive and tissue-resident memory donor CD8 + T cells drive gastrointestinal acute graft-versus-host disease. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/576/eabc0227. [PMID: 33441422 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organ infiltration by donor T cells is critical to the development of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) in recipients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HCT). However, deconvoluting the transcriptional programs of newly recruited donor T cells from those of tissue-resident T cells in aGVHD target organs remains a challenge. Here, we combined the serial intravascular staining technique with single-cell RNA sequencing to dissect the tightly connected processes by which donor T cells initially infiltrate tissues and then establish a pathogenic tissue residency program in a rhesus macaque allo-HCT model that develops aGVHD. Our results enabled creation of a spatiotemporal map of the transcriptional programs controlling donor CD8+ T cell infiltration into the primary aGVHD target organ, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We identified the large and small intestines as the only two sites demonstrating allo-specific, rather than lymphodepletion-driven, T cell infiltration. GI-infiltrating donor CD8+ T cells demonstrated a highly activated, cytotoxic phenotype while simultaneously developing a canonical tissue-resident memory T cell (TRM) transcriptional signature driven by interleukin-15 (IL-15)/IL-21 signaling. We found expression of a cluster of genes directly associated with tissue invasiveness, including those encoding adhesion molecules (ITGB2), specific chemokines (CCL3 and CCL4L1) and chemokine receptors (CD74), as well as multiple cytoskeletal proteins. This tissue invasion transcriptional signature was validated by its ability to discriminate the CD8+ T cell transcriptome of patients with GI aGVHD from those of GVHD-free patients. These results provide insights into the mechanisms controlling tissue occupancy of target organs by pathogenic donor CD8+ TRM cells during aGVHD in primate transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Tkachev
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - James Kaminski
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - E Lake Potter
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20858, USA
| | - Scott N Furlan
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alison Yu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel J Hunt
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Connor McGuckin
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hengqi Zheng
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lucrezia Colonna
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ulrike Gerdemann
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Michelle Hoffman
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Joe Olvera
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chris English
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | | | - Muna Qayed
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Kayla Betz
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brandi Bratrude
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - John T Horan
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jose Ordovas-Montanes
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20858, USA
| | - Leslie S Kean
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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McLean KA, Ahmed WUR, Akhbari M, Claireaux HA, English C, Frost J, Henshall DE, Khan M, Kwek I, Nicola M, Rehman S, Varghese S, Drake TM, Bell S, Nepogodiev D, McLean KA, Drake TM, Glasbey JC, Borakati A, Drake TM, Kamarajah S, McLean KA, Bath MF, Claireaux HA, Gundogan B, Mohan M, Deekonda P, Kong C, Joyce H, Mcnamee L, Woin E, Burke J, Khatri C, Fitzgerald JE, Harrison EM, Bhangu A, Nepogodiev D, Arulkumaran N, Bell S, Duthie F, Hughes J, Pinkney TD, Prowle J, Richards T, Thomas M, Dynes K, Patel M, Patel P, Wigley C, Suresh R, Shaw A, Klimach S, Jull P, Evans D, Preece R, Ibrahim I, Manikavasagar V, Smith R, Brown FS, Deekonda P, Teo R, Sim DPY, Borakati A, Logan AE, Barai I, Amin H, Suresh S, Sethi R, Bolton W, Corbridge O, Horne L, Attalla M, Morley R, Robinson C, Hoskins T, McAllister R, Lee S, Dennis Y, Nixon G, Heywood E, Wilson H, Ng L, Samaraweera S, Mills A, Doherty C, Woin E, Belchos J, Phan V, Chouari T, Gardner T, Goergen N, Hayes JDB, MacLeod CS, McCormack R, McKinley A, McKinstry S, Milligan W, Ooi L, Rafiq NM, Sammut T, Sinclair E, Smith M, Baker C, Boulton APR, Collins J, Copley HC, Fearnhead N, Fox H, Mah T, McKenna J, Naruka V, Nigam N, Nourallah B, Perera S, Qureshi A, Saggar S, Sun L, Wang X, Yang DD, Caroll P, Doyle C, Elangovan S, Falamarzi A, Perai KG, Greenan E, Jain D, Lang-Orsini M, Lim S, O'Byrne L, Ridgway P, Van der Laan S, Wong J, Arthur J, Barclay J, Bradley P, Edwin C, Finch E, Hayashi E, Hopkins M, Kelly D, Kelly M, McCartan N, Ormrod A, Pakenham A, Hayward J, Hitchen C, Kishore A, Martins T, Philomen J, Rao R, Rickards C, Burns N, Copeland M, Durand C, Dyal A, Ghaffar A, Gidwani A, Grant M, Gribbon C, Gruhn A, Leer M, Ahmad K, Beattie G, Beatty M, Campbell G, Donaldson G, Graham S, Holmes D, Kanabar S, Liu H, McCann C, Stewart R, Vara S, Ajibola-Taylor O, Andah EJE, Ani C, Cabdi NMO, Ito G, Jones M, Komoriyama A, Patel P, Titu L, Basra M, Gallogly P, Harinath G, Leong SH, Pradhan A, Siddiqui I, Zaat S, Ali A, Galea M, Looi WL, Ng JCK, Atkin G, Azizi A, Cargill Z, China Z, Elliot J, Jebakumar R, Lam J, Mudalige G, Onyerindu C, Renju M, Babu VS, Hussain M, Joji N, Lovett B, Mownah H, Ali B, Cresswell B, Dhillon AK, Dupaguntla YS, Hungwe C, Lowe-Zinola JD, Tsang JCH, Bevan K, Cardus C, Duggal A, Hossain S, McHugh M, Scott M, Chan F, Evans R, Gurung E, Haughey B, Jacob-Ramsdale B, Kerr M, Lee J, McCann E, O'Boyle K, Reid N, Hayat F, Hodgson S, Johnston R, Jones W, Khan M, Linn T, Long S, Seetharam P, Shaman S, Smart B, Anilkumar A, Davies J, Griffith J, Hughes B, Islam Y, Kidanu D, Mushaini N, Qamar I, Robinson H, Schramm M, Tan CY, Apperley H, Billyard C, Blazeby JM, Cannon SP, Carse S, Göpfert A, Loizidou A, Parkin J, Sanders E, Sharma S, Slade G, Telfer R, Huppatz IW, Worley E, Chandramoorthy L, Friend C, Harris L, Jain P, Karim MJ, Killington K, McGillicuddy J, Rafferty C, Rahunathan N, Rayne T, Varathan Y, Verma N, Zanichelli D, Arneill M, Brown F, Campbell B, Crozier L, Henry J, McCusker C, Prabakaran P, Wilson R, Asif U, Connor M, Dindyal S, Math N, Pagarkar A, Saleem H, Seth I, Sharma S, Standfield N, Swartbol T, Adamson R, Choi JE, El Tokhy O, Ho W, Javaid NR, Kelly M, Mehdi AS, Menon D, Plumptre I, Sturrock S, Turner J, Warren O, Crane E, Ferris B, Gadsby C, Smallwood J, Vipond M, Wilson V, Amarnath T, Doshi A, Gregory C, Kandiah K, Powell B, Spoor H, Toh C, Vizor R, Common M, Dunleavy K, Harris S, Luo C, Mesbah Z, Kumar AP, Redmond A, Skulsky S, Walsh T, Daly D, Deery L, Epanomeritakis E, Harty M, Kane D, Khan K, Mackey R, McConville J, McGinnity K, Nixon G, Ang A, Kee JY, Leung E, Norman S, Palaniappan SV, Sarathy PP, Yeoh T, Frost J, Hazeldine P, Jones L, Karbowiak M, Macdonald C, Mutarambirwa A, Omotade A, Runkel M, Ryan G, Sawers N, Searle C, Suresh S, Vig S, Ahmad A, McGartland R, Sim R, Song A, Wayman J, Brown R, Chang LH, Concannon K, Crilly C, Arnold TJ, Burgin A, Cadden F, Choy CH, Coleman M, Lim D, Luk J, Mahankali-Rao P, Prudence-Taylor AJ, Ramakrishnan D, Russell J, 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M, Popat K, Rimmer L, Riyat H, Smith H, Anandarajah C, Cipparrone M, Desai K, Gao C, Goh ET, Howlader M, Jeffreys N, Karmarkar A, Mathew G, Mukhtar H, Ozcan E, Renukanthan A, Sarens N, Sinha C, Woolley A, Bogle R, Komolafe O, Loo F, Waugh D, Zeng R, Crewe A, Mathias J, Mills A, Owen A, Prior A, Saunders I, Baker A, Crilly L, McKeon J, Ubhi HK, Adeogun A, Carr R, Davison C, Devalia S, Hayat A, Karsan RB, Osborne C, Scott K, Weegenaar C, Wijeyaratne M, Babatunde F, Barnor-Ahiaku E, Beattie G, Chitsabesan P, Dixon O, Hall N, Ilenkovan N, Mackrell T, Nithianandasivam N, Orr J, Palazzo F, Saad M, Sandland-Taylor L, Sherlock J, Ashdown T, Chandler S, Garsaa T, Lloyd J, Loh SY, Ng S, Perkins C, Powell-Chandler A, Smith F, Underhill R. Perioperative intravenous contrast administration and the incidence of acute kidney injury after major gastrointestinal surgery: prospective, multicentre cohort study. Br J Surg 2020; 107:1023-1032. [PMID: 32026470 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the impact of preoperative exposure to intravenous contrast for CT and the risk of developing postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery. METHODS This prospective, multicentre cohort study included adults undergoing gastrointestinal resection, stoma reversal or liver resection. Both elective and emergency procedures were included. Preoperative exposure to intravenous contrast was defined as exposure to contrast administered for the purposes of CT up to 7 days before surgery. The primary endpoint was the rate of AKI within 7 days. Propensity score-matched models were adjusted for patient, disease and operative variables. In a sensitivity analysis, a propensity score-matched model explored the association between preoperative exposure to contrast and AKI in the first 48 h after surgery. RESULTS A total of 5378 patients were included across 173 centres. Overall, 1249 patients (23·2 per cent) received intravenous contrast. The overall rate of AKI within 7 days of surgery was 13·4 per cent (718 of 5378). In the propensity score-matched model, preoperative exposure to contrast was not associated with AKI within 7 days (odds ratio (OR) 0·95, 95 per cent c.i. 0·73 to 1·21; P = 0·669). The sensitivity analysis showed no association between preoperative contrast administration and AKI within 48 h after operation (OR 1·09, 0·84 to 1·41; P = 0·498). CONCLUSION There was no association between preoperative intravenous contrast administered for CT up to 7 days before surgery and postoperative AKI. Risk of contrast-induced nephropathy should not be used as a reason to avoid contrast-enhanced CT.
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Rawlings GH, Williams RK, Clarke DJ, English C, Fitzsimons C, Holloway I, Lawton R, Mead G, Patel A, Forster A. Exploring adults' experiences of sedentary behaviour and participation in non-workplace interventions designed to reduce sedentary behaviour: a thematic synthesis of qualitative studies. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1099. [PMID: 31409324 PMCID: PMC6692932 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behaviour is any waking behaviour characterised by an energy expenditure of ≤1.5 metabolic equivalent of task while in a sitting or reclining posture. Prolonged bouts of sedentary behaviour have been associated with negative health outcomes in all age groups. We examined qualitative research investigating perceptions and experiences of sedentary behaviour and of participation in non-workplace interventions designed to reduce sedentary behaviour in adult populations. METHOD A systematic search of seven databases (MEDLINE, AMED, Cochrane, PsychINFO, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL and Web of Science) was conducted in September 2017. Studies were assessed for methodological quality and a thematic synthesis was conducted. Prospero database ID: CRD42017083436. RESULTS Thirty individual studies capturing the experiences of 918 individuals were included. Eleven studies examined experiences and/or perceptions of sedentary behaviour in older adults (typically ≥60 years); ten studies focused on sedentary behaviour in people experiencing a clinical condition, four explored influences on sedentary behaviour in adults living in socio-economically disadvantaged communities, two examined university students' experiences of sedentary behaviour, two on those of working-age adults, and one focused on cultural influences on sedentary behaviour. Three analytical themes were identified: 1) the impact of different life stages on sedentary behaviour 2) lifestyle factors influencing sedentary behaviour and 3) barriers and facilitators to changing sedentary behaviour. CONCLUSIONS Sedentary behaviour is multifaceted and influenced by a complex interaction between individual, environmental and socio-cultural factors. Micro and macro pressures are experienced at different life stages and in the context of illness; these shape individuals' beliefs and behaviour related to sedentariness. Knowledge of sedentary behaviour and the associated health consequences appears limited in adult populations, therefore there is a need for provision of accessible information about ways in which sedentary behaviour reduction can be integrated in people's daily lives. Interventions targeting a reduction in sedentary behaviour need to consider the multiple influences on sedentariness when designing and implementing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Rawlings
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - R K Williams
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, Temple Bank House, University of Leeds, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - D J Clarke
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, Temple Bank House, University of Leeds, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK.
| | - C English
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - C Fitzsimons
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - I Holloway
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - R Lawton
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - G Mead
- Geriatric Medicine, Division of Health Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Patel
- Anita Patel Health Economics Consulting Ltd, London, UK
| | - A Forster
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, Temple Bank House, University of Leeds, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
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8
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Doherty C, Neal R, English C, Cooke J, Atkinson D, Bates L, Moore J, Monks S, Bowler M, Bruce IA, Bateman N, Wyatt M, Russell J, Perkins R, McGrath BA. Multidisciplinary guidelines for the management of paediatric tracheostomy emergencies. Anaesthesia 2018; 73:1400-1417. [PMID: 30062783 DOI: 10.1111/anae.14307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Temporary and permanent tracheostomies are required in children to manage actual or anticipated long-term ventilatory support, to aid secretion management or to manage fixed upper airway obstruction. Tracheostomies may be required from the first few moments of life, with the majority performed in children < 4 years of age. Although similarities with adult tracheostomies are apparent, there are key differences when managing the routine and emergency care of children with tracheostomies. The National Tracheostomy Safety Project identified the need for structured guidelines to aid multidisciplinary clinical decision making during paediatric tracheostomy emergencies. These guidelines describe the development of a bespoke emergency management algorithm and supporting resources. Our aim is to reduce the frequency, nature and severity of paediatric tracheostomy emergencies through preparation and education of staff, parents, carers and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Doherty
- Department of Paediatric Anaesthesia, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - R Neal
- Paediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Paediatrics, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - C English
- Department of Paediatric ENT, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - J Cooke
- Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - D Atkinson
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - L Bates
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Bolton Hospital, Bolton, UK
| | - J Moore
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - S Monks
- Department of Anaesthesia, East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Burnley, UK
| | - M Bowler
- Department of Paediatric Anaesthesia, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - I A Bruce
- Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - N Bateman
- Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - M Wyatt
- Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - J Russell
- Department of Paediatric ENT, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R Perkins
- Department of Paediatric Anaesthesia, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - B A McGrath
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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9
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Hasegawa Y, Curtis B, Yutuc V, Rulien M, Morrisroe K, Watkins K, Ferrier C, English C, Hewitson L, Slupsky CM. Microbial structure and function in infant and juvenile rhesus macaques are primarily affected by age, not vaccination status. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15867. [PMID: 30367140 PMCID: PMC6203732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although thimerosal, an ethylmercury-based preservative, has been removed from most pediatric vaccines in the United States, some multidose vaccines, such as influenza vaccines, still contain thimerosal. Considering that a growing number of studies indicate involvement of the gut microbiome in infant immune development and vaccine responses, it is important to elucidate the impact of pediatric vaccines, including thimerosal-containing vaccines, on gut microbial structure and function. Here, a non-human primate model was utilized to assess how two vaccine schedules affect the gut microbiome in infants (5-9 days old) and juveniles (77-88 weeks old) through 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and metabolomics analyses of the fecal samples. Two treatment groups (n = 12/group) followed either the vaccine schedule that was in place during the 1990s (intensive exposure to thimerosal) or an expanded schedule administered in 2008 (prenatal and postnatal exposure to thimerosal mainly via influenza vaccines), and were compared with a control group (n = 16) that received saline injections. The primary impact on gut microbial structure and function was age. Although a few statistically significant impacts of the two common pediatric vaccine schedules were observed when confounding factors were considered, the magnitude of the differences was small, and appeared to be positive with vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hasegawa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Britni Curtis
- Infant Primate Research Laboratory (IPRL), Washington National Primate Research Center, and Center on Human Development and Disability (CHDD), Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Vernon Yutuc
- Infant Primate Research Laboratory (IPRL), Washington National Primate Research Center, and Center on Human Development and Disability (CHDD), Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Megan Rulien
- Infant Primate Research Laboratory (IPRL), Washington National Primate Research Center, and Center on Human Development and Disability (CHDD), Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kelly Morrisroe
- Infant Primate Research Laboratory (IPRL), Washington National Primate Research Center, and Center on Human Development and Disability (CHDD), Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kristin Watkins
- Infant Primate Research Laboratory (IPRL), Washington National Primate Research Center, and Center on Human Development and Disability (CHDD), Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Clayton Ferrier
- Infant Primate Research Laboratory (IPRL), Washington National Primate Research Center, and Center on Human Development and Disability (CHDD), Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Chris English
- Infant Primate Research Laboratory (IPRL), Washington National Primate Research Center, and Center on Human Development and Disability (CHDD), Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Laura Hewitson
- The Johnson Center for Child Health and Development, Austin, Texas, USA.
| | - Carolyn M Slupsky
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.
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10
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Taraseviciute A, Tkachev V, Ponce R, Turtle CJ, Snyder JM, Liggitt HD, Myerson D, Gonzalez-Cuyar L, Baldessari A, English C, Yu A, Zheng H, Furlan SN, Hunt DJ, Hoglund V, Finney O, Brakke H, Blazar BR, Berger C, Riddell SR, Gardner R, Kean LS, Jensen MC. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell-Mediated Neurotoxicity in Nonhuman Primates. Cancer Discov 2018; 8:750-763. [PMID: 29563103 PMCID: PMC6058704 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-1368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of refractory leukemias and lymphomas, but is associated with significant toxicities, namely cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity. A major barrier to developing therapeutics to prevent CAR T cell-mediated neurotoxicity is the lack of clinically relevant models. Accordingly, we developed a rhesus macaque (RM) model of neurotoxicity via adoptive transfer of autologous CD20-specific CAR T cells. Following cyclophosphamide lymphodepletion, CD20 CAR T cells expand to 272 to 4,450 cells/μL after 7 to 8 days and elicit CRS and neurotoxicity. Toxicities are associated with elevated serum IL6, IL8, IL1RA, MIG, and I-TAC levels, and disproportionately high cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IL6, IL2, GM-CSF, and VEGF levels. During neurotoxicity, both CD20 CAR and non-CAR T cells accumulate in the CSF and in the brain parenchyma. This RM model demonstrates that CAR T cell-mediated neurotoxicity is associated with proinflammatory CSF cytokines and a pan-T cell encephalitis.Significance: We provide the first immunologically relevant, nonhuman primate model of B cell-directed CAR T-cell therapy-mediated CRS and neurotoxicity. We demonstrate CAR and non-CAR T-cell infiltration in the CSF and in the brain during neurotoxicity resulting in pan-encephalitis, accompanied by increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the CSF. Cancer Discov; 8(6); 750-63. ©2018 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 663.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agne Taraseviciute
- The Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Victor Tkachev
- The Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Jessica M Snyder
- Deparment of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - H Denny Liggitt
- Deparment of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - David Myerson
- The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Audrey Baldessari
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Chris English
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Alison Yu
- The Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Hengqi Zheng
- The Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Scott N Furlan
- The Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Daniel J Hunt
- The Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Virginia Hoglund
- The Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Olivia Finney
- The Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Hannah Brakke
- The Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Carolina Berger
- The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Rebecca Gardner
- The Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Leslie S Kean
- The Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.
- The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael C Jensen
- The Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.
- The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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11
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Adams Waldorf KM, Nelson BR, Stencel-Baerenwald JE, Studholme C, Kapur RP, Armistead B, Walker CL, Merillat S, Vornhagen J, Tisoncik-Go J, Baldessari A, Coleman M, Dighe MK, Shaw DW, Roby JA, Santana-Ufret V, Boldenow E, Li J, Gao X, Davis MA, Swanstrom JA, Jensen K, Widman DG, Baric RS, Medwid JT, Hanley KA, Ogle J, Gough GM, Lee W, English C, Durning WM, Thiel J, Gatenby C, Dewey EC, Fairgrieve MR, Hodge RD, Grant RF, Kuller L, Dobyns WB, Hevner RF, Gale M, Rajagopal L. Congenital Zika virus infection as a silent pathology with loss of neurogenic output in the fetal brain. Nat Med 2018; 24:368-374. [PMID: 29400709 PMCID: PMC5839998 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus with teratogenic effects on fetal brain, but the spectrum of ZIKV-induced brain injury is unknown, particularly when ultrasound imaging is normal. In a pregnant pigtail macaque (Macaca nemestrina) model of ZIKV infection, we demonstrate that ZIKV-induced injury to fetal brain is substantial, even in the absence of microcephaly, and may be challenging to detect in a clinical setting. A common and subtle injury pattern was identified, including (i) periventricular T2-hyperintense foci and loss of fetal noncortical brain volume, (ii) injury to the ependymal epithelium with underlying gliosis and (iii) loss of late fetal neuronal progenitor cells in the subventricular zone (temporal cortex) and subgranular zone (dentate gyrus, hippocampus) with dysmorphic granule neuron patterning. Attenuation of fetal neurogenic output demonstrates potentially considerable teratogenic effects of congenital ZIKV infection even without microcephaly. Our findings suggest that all children exposed to ZIKV in utero should receive long-term monitoring for neurocognitive deficits, regardless of head size at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M. Adams Waldorf
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Sweden
| | - Branden R. Nelson
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jennifer E. Stencel-Baerenwald
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Colin Studholme
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Raj P. Kapur
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Blair Armistead
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Christie L. Walker
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sean Merillat
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jay Vornhagen
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Tisoncik-Go
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Audrey Baldessari
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michelle Coleman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Manjiri K. Dighe
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Dennis W.W. Shaw
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Justin A. Roby
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Veronica Santana-Ufret
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Erica Boldenow
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Junwei Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Xiaohu Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Davis
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jesica A. Swanstrom
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kara Jensen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Douglas G. Widman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joseph T. Medwid
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Kathryn A. Hanley
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Jason Ogle
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - G. Michael Gough
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Wonsok Lee
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Chris English
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - W. McIntyre Durning
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jeff Thiel
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Chris Gatenby
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Elyse C. Dewey
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Marian R. Fairgrieve
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Richard F. Grant
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - LaRene Kuller
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - William B. Dobyns
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Robert F. Hevner
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael Gale
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lakshmi Rajagopal
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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12
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Ishida M, Cullup T, Boustred C, James C, Docker J, English C, Lench N, Copp AJ, Moore GE, Greene NDE, Stanier P. A targeted sequencing panel identifies rare damaging variants in multiple genes in the cranial neural tube defect, anencephaly. Clin Genet 2018; 93:870-879. [PMID: 29205322 PMCID: PMC5887939 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) affecting the brain (anencephaly) are lethal before or at birth, whereas lower spinal defects (spina bifida) may lead to lifelong neurological handicap. Collectively, NTDs rank among the most common birth defects worldwide. This study focuses on anencephaly, which despite having a similar frequency to spina bifida and being the most common type of NTD observed in mouse models, has had more limited inclusion in genetic studies. A genetic influence is strongly implicated in determining risk of NTDs and a molecular diagnosis is of fundamental importance to families both in terms of understanding the origin of the condition and for managing future pregnancies. Here we used a custom panel of 191 NTD candidate genes to screen 90 patients with cranial NTDs (n = 85 anencephaly and n = 5 craniorachischisis) with a targeted exome sequencing platform. After filtering and comparing to our in‐house control exome database (N = 509), we identified 397 rare variants (minor allele frequency, MAF < 1%), 21 of which were previously unreported and predicted damaging. This included 1 frameshift (PDGFRA), 2 stop‐gained (MAT1A; NOS2) and 18 missense variations. Together with evidence for oligogenic inheritance, this study provides new information on the possible genetic causation of anencephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ishida
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - T Cullup
- Great Ormond Street Hospital North East Thames Regional Genetics Service Laboratories, London, UK
| | - C Boustred
- Great Ormond Street Hospital North East Thames Regional Genetics Service Laboratories, London, UK
| | - C James
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Docker
- Great Ormond Street Hospital North East Thames Regional Genetics Service Laboratories, London, UK
| | - C English
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | -
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - N Lench
- Great Ormond Street Hospital North East Thames Regional Genetics Service Laboratories, London, UK.,Congenica Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | - A J Copp
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - G E Moore
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - N D E Greene
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - P Stanier
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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13
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Doherty C, Bowler M, Monks S, English C, Sadadcharam M, Perkins R, Bateman N, Bruce I, Atkinson D, McGrath B. Reduction in harm from tracheostomy-related incidents after implementation of the paediatric National Tracheostomy Safety Project resources: A retrospective analysis from a tertiary paediatric centre. Clin Otolaryngol 2017; 43:674-678. [DOI: 10.1111/coa.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Doherty
- Paediatric Anaesthesia; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital; Manchester UK
| | - M. Bowler
- Paediatric Anaesthesia; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital; Manchester UK
| | - S. Monks
- Anaesthesia; East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust; Blackburn UK
| | - C. English
- Paediatric Otorhinolaryngology; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital; Manchester UK
| | - M. Sadadcharam
- Paediatric Anaesthesia; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital; Manchester UK
- Paediatric Otorhinolaryngology; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital; Manchester UK
| | - R. Perkins
- Paediatric Anaesthesia; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital; Manchester UK
| | - N. Bateman
- Paediatric Anaesthesia; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital; Manchester UK
- Paediatric Otorhinolaryngology; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital; Manchester UK
| | - I.A. Bruce
- Paediatric Anaesthesia; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital; Manchester UK
- Paediatric Otorhinolaryngology; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital; Manchester UK
- Paediatric Otolaryngology MAHSC; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - D. Atkinson
- Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine; Manchester Royal Infirmiry; Central Manchester Foundation Trust; Manchester UK
| | - B. McGrath
- Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine; University Hospital South Manchester; Manchester UK
- University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- NHS England; Manchester UK
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14
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Arts J, Lofgren I, Paulin C, Woodland B, English C. Evaluation of Dietetic Interns’ Research Skills in an Online, Non-Thesis Master’s Program. J Acad Nutr Diet 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.06.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Adams Waldorf KM, Stencel-Baerenwald JE, Kapur RP, Studholme C, Boldenow E, Vornhagen J, Baldessari A, Dighe MK, Thiel J, Merillat S, Armistead B, Tisoncik-Go J, Green RR, Davis MA, Dewey EC, Fairgrieve MR, Gatenby JC, Richards T, Garden GA, Diamond MS, Juul SE, Grant RF, Kuller L, Shaw DWW, Ogle J, Gough GM, Lee W, English C, Hevner RF, Dobyns WB, Gale M, Rajagopal L. Fetal brain lesions after subcutaneous inoculation of Zika virus in a pregnant nonhuman primate. Nat Med 2016; 22:1256-1259. [PMID: 27618651 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We describe the development of fetal brain lesions after Zika virus (ZIKV) inoculation in a pregnant pigtail macaque. Periventricular lesions developed within 10 d and evolved asymmetrically in the occipital-parietal lobes. Fetal autopsy revealed ZIKV in the brain and significant cerebral white matter hypoplasia, periventricular white matter gliosis, and axonal and ependymal injury. Our observation of ZIKV-associated fetal brain lesions in a nonhuman primate provides a model for therapeutic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer E Stencel-Baerenwald
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Raj P Kapur
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Colin Studholme
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Erica Boldenow
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jay Vornhagen
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Audrey Baldessari
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Manjiri K Dighe
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jeff Thiel
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sean Merillat
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Blair Armistead
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jennifer Tisoncik-Go
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Richard R Green
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael A Davis
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Elyse C Dewey
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marian R Fairgrieve
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Todd Richards
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Gwenn A Garden
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sandra E Juul
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Richard F Grant
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - LaRene Kuller
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dennis W W Shaw
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jason Ogle
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - G Michael Gough
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Wonsok Lee
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Chris English
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Robert F Hevner
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - William B Dobyns
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lakshmi Rajagopal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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16
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Gomersall SR, Maher C, English C, Rowlands AV, Dollman J, Norton K, Olds T. Testing the activitystat hypothesis: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:900. [PMID: 27576515 PMCID: PMC5004298 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3568-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been hypothesised that an 'activitystat' may biologically regulate energy expenditure or physical activity levels, thereby limiting the effectiveness of physical activity interventions. Using a randomised controlled trial design, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a six-week exercise stimulus on energy expenditure and physical activity, in order to empirically test this hypothesis. METHODS Previously inactive adults (n = 129) [age (mean ± SD) 41 ± 11 year; body mass index 26.1 ± 5.2 kg/m(2)] were randomly allocated to a Control group (n = 43) or a 6-week Moderate (150 min/week) (n = 43) or Extensive (300 min/week) (n = 43) exercise intervention group. Energy expenditure and physical activity were measured using a combination of accelerometry (total counts, minutes spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity) and detailed time use recalls using the Multimedia Activity Recall for Children and Adults (total daily energy expenditure, minutes spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity) at baseline, mid- and end-intervention and 3- and 6-month follow up. Resting metabolic rate was measured at baseline and end-intervention using indirect calorimetry. Analysis was conducted using random effects mixed modeling. RESULTS At end-intervention, there were statistically significant increases in all energy expenditure and physical activity variables according to both accelerometry and time use recalls (p < 0.001) in the Moderate and Extensive groups, relative to Controls. There was no significant change in resting metabolic rate (p = 0.78). CONCLUSION Taken together, these results show no evidence of an "activitystat" effect. In the current study, imposed exercise stimuli of 150-300 min/week resulted in commensurate increases in overall energy expenditure and physical activity, with no sign of compensation in either of these constructs. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12610000248066 (registered prospectively 24 March 2010).
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Gomersall
- School of Health Sciences, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Centre of Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health (CRExPAH), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - C Maher
- School of Health Sciences, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - C English
- School of Health Sciences, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - A V Rowlands
- School of Health Sciences, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, Leicester, UK
| | - J Dollman
- School of Health Sciences, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - K Norton
- School of Health Sciences, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - T Olds
- School of Health Sciences, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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17
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Lewis LK, Rowlands AV, Gardiner PA, Standage M, English C, Olds T. Small Steps: Preliminary effectiveness and feasibility of an incremental goal-setting intervention to reduce sitting time in older adults. Maturitas 2016; 85:64-70. [PMID: 26857881 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the preliminary effectiveness and feasibility of a theory-informed program to reduce sitting time in older adults. DESIGN Pre-experimental (pre-post) study. Thirty non-working adult (≥ 60 years) participants attended a one hour face-to-face intervention session and were guided through: a review of their sitting time; normative feedback on sitting time; and setting goals to reduce total sitting time and bouts of prolonged sitting. Participants chose six goals and integrated one per week incrementally for six weeks. Participants received weekly phone calls. OUTCOME MEASURES Sitting time and bouts of prolonged sitting (≥ 30 min) were measured objectively for seven days (activPAL3c inclinometer) pre- and post-intervention. During these periods, a 24-h time recall instrument was administered by computer-assisted telephone interview. Participants completed a post-intervention project evaluation questionnaire. Paired t tests with sequential Bonferroni corrections and Cohen's d effect sizes were calculated for all outcomes. RESULTS Twenty-seven participants completed the assessments (71.7 ± 6.5 years). Post-intervention, objectively-measured total sitting time was significantly reduced by 51.5 min per day (p=0.006; d=-0.58) and number of bouts of prolonged sitting by 0.8 per day (p=0.002; d=-0.70). Objectively-measured standing increased by 39 min per day (p=0.006; d=0.58). Participants self-reported spending 96 min less per day sitting (p<0.001; d=-0.77) and 32 min less per day watching television (p=0.005; d=-0.59). Participants were highly satisfied with the program. CONCLUSION The 'Small Steps' program is a feasible and promising avenue for behavioral modification to reduce sitting time in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Lewis
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - A V Rowlands
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, Leicestershire LE5 4PW, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit (BRU), Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, Leicestershire LE5 4PW, United Kingdom.
| | - P A Gardiner
- The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Australia; Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - M Standage
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.
| | - C English
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - T Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
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18
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Gadad BS, Li W, Yazdani U, Grady S, Johnson T, Hammond J, Gunn H, Curtis B, English C, Yutuc V, Ferrier C, Sackett GP, Marti CN, Young K, Hewitson L, German DC. Administration of thimerosal-containing vaccines to infant rhesus macaques does not result in autism-like behavior or neuropathology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:12498-503. [PMID: 26417083 PMCID: PMC4603476 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1500968112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder. Some anecdotal reports suggest that ASD is related to exposure to ethyl mercury, in the form of the vaccine preservative, thimerosal, and/or receiving the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine. Using infant rhesus macaques receiving thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCVs) following the recommended pediatric vaccine schedules from the 1990s and 2008, we examined behavior, and neuropathology in three brain regions found to exhibit neuropathology in postmortem ASD brains. No neuronal cellular or protein changes in the cerebellum, hippocampus, or amygdala were observed in animals following the 1990s or 2008 vaccine schedules. Analysis of social behavior in juvenile animals indicated that there were no significant differences in negative behaviors between animals in the control and experimental groups. These data indicate that administration of TCVs and/or the MMR vaccine to rhesus macaques does not result in neuropathological abnormalities, or aberrant behaviors, like those observed in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi S Gadad
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Wenhao Li
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Umar Yazdani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Stephen Grady
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Trevor Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Jacob Hammond
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Howard Gunn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Britni Curtis
- Infant Primate Research Laboratory, Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Chris English
- Infant Primate Research Laboratory, Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Vernon Yutuc
- Infant Primate Research Laboratory, Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Clayton Ferrier
- Infant Primate Research Laboratory, Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Gene P Sackett
- Infant Primate Research Laboratory, Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98195; Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | | | - Keith Young
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Texas A&M Health Science Center & Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX 76504
| | - Laura Hewitson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; Johnson Center for Child Health & Development, Austin, TX 78701
| | - Dwight C German
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390;
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Arts J, Maloof B, English C, Woodland B. Development of an Integrated Master's Degree and Dietetic Internship: A Collaboration between the University of Rhode Island and the Sodexo Dietetic Internships. J Acad Nutr Diet 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.06.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Smith N, Foster H, Wyllie R, English C, Davies B, Rapley T. FRI0617-HPR What are the Educational Needs of Nurses Involved in the Care of Childen and Young People with Rheumatic Disease? Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.3197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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21
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Aylward LL, Hays SM, Kirman CR, Marchitti SA, Kenneke JF, English C, Mattison DR, Becker RA. Relationships of chemical concentrations in maternal and cord blood: a review of available data. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 2014; 17:175-203. [PMID: 24749481 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2014.884956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The developing fetus is likely to be exposed to the same environmental chemicals as the mother during critical periods of growth and development. The degree of maternal-fetal transfer of chemical compounds will be affected by chemical and physical properties such as lipophilicity, protein binding, and active transport mechanisms that influence absorption and distribution in maternal tissues. However, these transfer processes are not fully understood for most environmental chemicals. This review summarizes reported data from more than 100 studies on the ratios of cord:maternal blood concentrations for a range of chemicals including brominated flame-retardant compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans, organochlorine pesticides, perfluorinated compounds, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, metals, and tobacco smoke components. The studies for the chemical classes represented suggest that chemicals frequently detected in maternal blood will also be detectable in cord blood. For most chemical classes, cord blood concentrations were found to be similar to or lower than those in maternal blood, with reported cord:maternal ratios generally between 0.1 and 1. Exceptions were observed for selected brominated flame-retardant compounds, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and some metals, for which reported ratios were consistently greater than 1. Careful interpretation of the data in a risk assessment context is required because measured concentrations of environmental chemicals in cord blood (and thus the fetus) do not necessarily imply adverse effects or risk. Guidelines and recommendations for future cord:maternal blood biomonitoring studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Aylward
- a Summit Toxicology, LLP , Falls Church , Virginia , USA
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22
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Shieh M, Aish B, Mohan U, Klaus S, English C, Hata S, Fox J. Enhancing Ultrasound Education through Volunteer Participation in Cardiac Screening. Ann Emerg Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2013.07.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Ali M, English C, Bernhardt J, Sunnerhagen KS, Brady M. More Outcomes than Trials: A Call for Consistent Data Collection across Stroke Rehabilitation Trials. Int J Stroke 2012; 8:18-24. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00973.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stroke survivors experience complex combinations of impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. The essential components of stroke rehabilitation remain elusive. Determining efficacy in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is challenging; there is no commonly agreed primary outcome measure for rehabilitation trials. Clinical guidelines depend on proof of efficacy in RCTs and meta-analyses. However, diverse trial aims, differing methods, inconsistent data collection, and use of multiple assessment tools hinder comparability across trials. Consistent data collection in acute stroke trials has facilitated meta-analyses to inform trial design and clinical practice. With few exceptions, inconsistent data collection has hindered similar progress in stroke rehabilitation research. There is an urgent need for the routine collection of a core dataset of common variables in rehabilitation trials. The European Stroke Organisation Outcomes Working Group, the National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Common Data Elements project, and the Collaborative Stroke Audit and Research project have called for consistency in data collection in stroke trials. Standardizing data collection can decrease study start up times, facilitate data sharing, and inform clinical guidelines. Although achieving consensus on which outcome measures to use in stroke rehabilitation trials is a considerable task, perhaps a feasible starting point is to achieve consistency in the collection of data on demography, stroke severity, and stroke onset to inclusion times. Longer term goals could include the development of a consensus process to establish the core dataset. This should be endorsed by researchers, funders, and journal editors in order to facilitate sustainable change.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ali
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - C. English
- Stroke Division, Florey Neuroscience Institutes, Austin Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- International Centre for Allied Health Evidence, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - J. Bernhardt
- Stroke Division, Florey Neuroscience Institutes, Austin Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - K. S. Sunnerhagen
- Section for Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M. Brady
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
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24
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English C, Veeger A, Finan E, Grossman-Garber D, Petersson K. Recruitment and Retention of Students Using the Academic Roadmap. J Acad Nutr Diet 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2012.06.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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de Zeeuw J, Reese S, Cochran J, Grossman S, Kane T, English C. Simplifying the setup for vacuum-outlet GC: Using a restriction inside the injection port. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:1849-57. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Krones-Herzig A, Mittal S, Yule K, Liang H, English C, Urcis R, Soni T, Adamson ED, Mercola D. Early growth response 1 acts as a tumor suppressor in vivo and in vitro via regulation of p53. Cancer Res 2005; 65:5133-43. [PMID: 15958557 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-3742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The early growth response 1 (Egr1) gene is a transcription factor that acts as both a tumor suppressor and a tumor promoter. Egr1-null mouse embryo fibroblasts bypass replicative senescence and exhibit a loss of DNA damage response and an apparent immortal growth, suggesting loss of p53 functions. Stringent expression analysis revealed 266 transcripts with >2-fold differential expression in Egr1-null mouse embryo fibroblasts, including 143 known genes. Of the 143 genes, program-assisted searching revealed 66 informative genes linked to Egr1. All 66 genes could be placed on a single regulatory network consisting of three branch points of known Egr1 target genes: TGFbeta1, IL6, and IGFI. Moreover, 19 additional genes that are known targets of p53 were identified, indicating that p53 is a fourth branch point. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay as well as chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed that p53 is a direct target of Egr1. Because deficient p53 expression causes tumors in mice, we tested the role of Egr1 in a two-step skin carcinogenesis study (144 mice) that revealed a uniformly accelerated development of skin tumors in Egr1-null mice (P < 0.005). These studies reveal a new role for Egr1 as an in vivo tumor suppressor.
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28
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Manvell RJ, English C, Jorgensen PH, Brown IH. Pathogenesis of H7 Influenza A Viruses Isolated from Ostriches in the Homologous Host Infected Experimentally. Avian Dis 2003; 47:1150-3. [PMID: 14575132 DOI: 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Infections of ostriches with avian influenza A viruses are generally associated with clinical disease, but the occasional high mortality in young birds does not appear to be related directly to virus pathotype. In this study we investigated the pathogenesis of two H7 viruses for 11-wk-old ostriches inoculated intranasally, and clinical symptoms, virus excretion, and immune response were studied. One of the viruses (A/Ostrich/Italy/1038/00) was highly pathogenic for chickens, whereas the other (A/Ostrich/South Africa/1609/91) was of low pathogenicity for chickens. Clinical signs in ostriches receiving virulent virus were slight depression and hemorrhagic diarrhea, while the group receiving avirulent virus was clinically normal except for green diarrhea. Both viruses were transmitted to in-contact sentinel birds housed with the infected groups 3 days postinfection. Postmortem examination of the birds infected (including the sentinel bird) with virus highly pathogenic for chickens were grossly normal except for localized pneumonic lesions. The results of the study are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Manvell
- Virology Department, Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
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29
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Heaney LG, Conway E, Kelly C, Johnston BT, English C, Stevenson M, Gamble J. Predictors of therapy resistant asthma: outcome of a systematic evaluation protocol. Thorax 2003; 58:561-6. [PMID: 12832665 PMCID: PMC1746731 DOI: 10.1136/thorax.58.7.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that asthmatic subjects with persisting symptoms despite adequate maintenance therapy should be systematically evaluated to identify factors contributing to poor control. The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence of these factors in a cohort of sequentially referred poorly controlled asthmatics, and to determine if any factor or combination of factors predicted true therapy resistant asthma (TRA). METHODS Patients were evaluated using a systematic evaluation protocol including induced sputum analysis, psychiatric assessment, ear, nose and throat examination, pulmonary function testing, high resolution CT scan of the thorax, and 24 hour dual probe ambulatory oesophageal pH monitoring; any identified provoking factor was treated. Asthma was managed according to BTS guidelines. RESULTS Of 73 subjects who completed the assessment, 39 responded to intervention and 34 had TRA. Subjects with TRA had a greater period of instability, a higher dose of inhaled steroids at referral, more rescue steroid use, and a lower best percentage forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)%). Oesophageal reflux, upper airway disease, and psychiatric morbidity were common (57%, 95%, 49%, respectively) but were not more prevalent in either group. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, inhaled steroid dose >2000 micro g BDP, previous assessment by a respiratory specialist, and initial FEV(1)% of <70% at referral predicted a final diagnosis of TRA. CONCLUSIONS In poorly controlled asthmatics there is a high prevalence of co-morbidity, identified by detailed systematic assessment, but no difference in prevalence between those who respond to intervention and those with TRA. Targeted treatment of identified co-morbidities has minimal impact on asthma related quality of life in those with therapy resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Heaney
- Regional Respiratory Centre, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK.
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30
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Liu BL, Robinson M, Han ZQ, Branston RH, English C, Reay P, McGrath Y, Thomas SK, Thornton M, Bullock P, Love CA, Coffin RS. ICP34.5 deleted herpes simplex virus with enhanced oncolytic, immune stimulating, and anti-tumour properties. Gene Ther 2003; 10:292-303. [PMID: 12595888 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 552] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV1) in which the neurovirulence factor ICP34.5 is inactivated has been shown to direct tumour-specific cell lysis in several tumour models. Such viruses have also been shown to be safe in Phase I clinical trials by intra-tumoral injection in glioma and melanoma patients. Previous work has used serially passaged laboratory isolates of HSV1 which we hypothesized may be attenuated in their lytic capability in human tumour cells as compared to more recent clinical isolates. To produce ICP34.5 deleted HSV with enhanced oncolytic potential, we tested two clinical isolates. Both showed improved cell killing in all human tumour cell lines tested compared to a laboratory strain (strain 17+). ICP34.5 was then deleted from one of the clinical isolate strains (strain JS1). Enhanced tumour cell killing with ICP34.5 deleted HSV has also been reported by the deletion of ICP47 by the up-regulation of US11 which occurs following this mutation. Thus to further improve oncolytic properties, ICP47 was removed from JS1/ICP34.5-. As ICP47 also functions to block antigen processing in HSV infected cells, this mutation was also anticipated to improve the immune stimulating properties of the virus. Finally, to provide viruses with maximum oncolytic and immune stimulating properties, the gene for human or mouse GM-CSF was inserted into the JS1/34.5-/47- vector backbone. GM-CSF is a potent immune stimulator promoting the differentiation of progenitor cells into dendritic cells and has shown promise in clinical trials when delivered by a number of means. Combination of GM-CSF with oncolytic therapy may be particularly effective as the necrotic cell death accompanying virus replication should serve to effectively release tumour antigens to then induce a GM-CSF-enhanced immune response. This would, in effect, provide an in situ, patient-specific, anti-tumour vaccine. The viruses constructed were tested in vitro in human tumour cell lines and in vivo in mice demonstrating significant anti-tumour effects. These were greatly improved compared to viruses not containing each of the modifications described. In vivo, both injected and non-injected tumours showed significant shrinkage or clearance and mice were protected against re-challenge with tumour cells. The data presented indicate that JS1/ICP34.5-/ICP47-/GM-CSF acts as a powerful oncolytic agent which may be appropriate for the treatment of a number of solid tumour types in man.
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Fey-Yensan N, English C, Ash S, Wallace C, Museler H. Food safety risk identified in a population of elderly home-delivered meal participants. J Am Diet Assoc 2001; 101:1055-7. [PMID: 11573760 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8223(01)00259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Fey-Yensan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences at the University of Rhode Island, Kingston 02881, USA.
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English C, Bahat O, Langer B, Sheets CG. What are the clinical limitations of wide-diameter (4 mm or greater) root-form endosseous implants? Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2000; 15:293-6. [PMID: 10836857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
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Doudet DJ, Chan GL, Jivan S, DeJesus OT, McGeer EG, English C, Ruth TJ, Holden JE. Evaluation of dopaminergic presynaptic integrity: 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa versus 6-[18F]fluoro-L-m-tyrosine. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1999; 19:278-87. [PMID: 10078880 DOI: 10.1097/00004647-199903000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of 6-[18F]fluoro-L-m-tyrosine (6FMT) to evaluate dopamine presynaptic integrity was compared to that of 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa (6FDOPA) in vivo by positron emission tomography (PET). Six normal and six 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-lesioned monkeys received 6FDOPA and 6FMT PET scans on separate occasions with identical scanning protocols. Four measures, the rate of uptake of tracer into striatum using either the arterial input function (Ki) or the activity in the occipital cortex as the input function (Kc), the rate of loss of striatal radioactivity (k(loss)), and an index of "effective turnover" of dopamine (k(loss)/Ki), were obtained for both tracers during extended PET studies. 6-[18F]Fluoro-L-m-tyrosine was as effective as 6FDOPA in separating normals from MPTP-lesioned subjects on the basis of the uptake rate constants Ki and Kc. However, in contrast to 6FDOPA, it was not possible to differentiate the normal from the lesioned animal using k(loss) or k(loss)/Ki for 6FMT. Thus, FMT appears to be a reasonable, highly specific tracer for studying the activity of aromatic dopa decarboxylase enzyme as an index of presynaptic integrity. However, if one is interested in investigating further the metabolic pathway and obtaining an in vivo estimate of the effective turnover of dopamine (after pharmacologic manipulation, for example), 6FDOPA remains the tracer of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Doudet
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- C English
- Children's Services, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne
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Doudet D, Holden J, Huser J, Jivan S, English C, Chan G, Ruth T. Density and Affinity of D1 and D2 Dopamine (DA) Receptors in Monkey: In Vivo PET studies with [11C]SCH23390 and [11C]Raclopride. Neuroimage 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(18)31873-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Cunliffe L, English C. Kids count--a children's rights project. Paediatr Nurs 1998; 10:16-9. [PMID: 9687779 DOI: 10.7748/paed.10.4.16.s23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Cunliffe
- Royal Victoria Infirmary & Associated Hospitals Trust
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Chan GL, Holden JE, Stoessl AJ, Doudet DJ, Wang Y, Dobko T, Morrison KS, Huser JM, English C, Legg B, Schulzer M, Calne DB, Ruth TJ. Reproducibility of the distribution of carbon-11-SCH 23390, a dopamine D1 receptor tracer, in normal subjects. J Nucl Med 1998; 39:792-7. [PMID: 9591577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The reproducibility of [11C]SCH 23390 in PET was studied in 10 normal human subjects. METHODS The scan-to-scan variation of several measures used in PET data analysis, including the radioactivity ratio, plasma-input Logan total distribution volume (DV), plasma-input Logan DV ratio (DVR) and tissue-input Logan Bmax/Kd values, was determined. RESULTS There were significant correlations among the radioactivity ratio, plasma-input DVR and tissue-input Bmax/Kd. With the cerebellum as the reference region, these three measures also had high reliability (86%-95%), high between-subject s.d. (7.7%-11.3%) and small within-subject s.d. (2.3%-3.6%), indicating that they are comparable and useful measures for the assessment of dopamine D1 receptor binding. CONCLUSION The radioactivity ratio and the tissue-input Bmax/Kd may be preferred methods for the evaluation of dopamine D1 receptor binding because these two methods do not require arterial blood sampling and metabolite analysis. Our results show that cerebellum is a reliable reference region for SCH 23390. When the Logan plasma-input function method is used in data analysis for SCH 23390, DVRs rather than total DV values should be used because of the poor reliability of the DV values and their lack of correlation with other measures. Carbon-11-SCH 23390 is thus a reliable and reproducible ligand for the study of dopamine D1 receptor binding by PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Chan
- TRIUMF and Neurodegenerative Disorders Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Lemons JE, Laskin DM, Roberts WE, Tarnow DP, Shipman C, Paczkowski C, Lorey RE, English C. Changes in patient screening for a clinical study of dental implants after increased awareness of tobacco use as a risk factor. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1997; 55:72-5. [PMID: 9393429 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-2391(16)31200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Independent external monitoring committees are an important part of scientific clinical trials. They monitor patient safety, study progress, investigators' performance, and accurate interpretation/reporting of the study data. Data trends observed by a study monitoring committee detected a change in the pattern of patient screening by investigators after an increased awareness that tobacco use could directly compromise the osseointegration of root-form dental implants. This increased awareness is believed to have altered the number of active smokers accepted into a multicenter prospective dental implant study. Recent data analyses indicate that the success ratios were improved by alterations in this discretionary inclusion-exclusion criterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Lemons
- Departments of Biomaterials and Surgery, School of Dentistry and Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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English C. Academic measures available in sophomore year can predict application and admission to dietetic supervised practice programs. J Am Diet Assoc 1995; 95:904-7. [PMID: 7636082 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8223(95)00249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to determine whether college grade point average (GPA) and application and admission to supervised practice programs could be predicted from measures available in the sophomore year. The sample consisted of 193 graduates of a didactic program in a research university in class years 1986 to 1993. Variables tested included GPA in required dietetics program courses, SAT scores, high school class rank, and age. prediction equations were developed using data from class years 1986 to 1992 and tested on subjects in class year 1993. Subjects who applied to and were admitted to supervised practice programs had significantly higher GPAs. In class years 1986 to 1992, GPAs and SAT math scores of sophomores explained 88% of the variance in the college GPA, whereas the sophomore GPA for professional courses correctly classified 63% of applicants and 73% of admitted subjects. Using these prediction equations for the class of 1993, college GPA of subjects was accurately predicted and 84% of applicants and 75% of admitted subjects were correctly classified. The results of this study provide valuable information for didactic program directors to counsel students into or out of a dietetics program, and could decrease the number of graduates who do not complete registration requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- C English
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Rhode Island, Kingston 02881, USA
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Echeverria P, Hoge CW, Bodhidatta L, Serichantalergs O, Dalsgaard A, Eampokalap B, Perrault J, Pazzaglia G, O'Hanley P, English C. Molecular characterization of Vibrio cholerae O139 isolates from Asia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1995; 52:124-7. [PMID: 7872438 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1995.52.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1992, a serologically novel clone of Vibrio cholerae, designated O139, caused large epidemics of diarrhea in India and Bangladesh. To determine the extent of the spread of V. cholerae O139 worldwide, 484 V. cholerae non-O1 strains isolated from different patients with diarrhea in Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Peru in 1993 were tested for agglutination in O139 antisera. One hundred fifty-one of these 484 isolates were examined for genes encoding cholera toxin, zonula occlulans toxin, the repetitive sequence 1, and the toxin coregulated pilin A (the V. cholerae virulence gene complex). Thirty-three percent (122 of 364) of V. cholerae non-O1 strains isolated from different patients with diarrhea in Thailand agglutinated in O139 antisera. Ninety-eight percent (120 of 122) of V. cholerae O139 contained the V. cholerae virulence gene complex. None of the 104 V. cholerae non-O1 strains isolated from patients with diarrhea in Indonesia or the 14 strains from patients with diarrhea in the Philippines were serotype O139. Four different ribotypes were found in V. cholerae O139 isolated in Asia. Twenty-three (47%) of 49 Thai O139 strains examined were of different ribotypes than isolates from India and Bangladesh; V. cholerae strains that were not O1 or O139 that were isolated from flies and water in Thailand 11 years previously in 1981 contained the same V. cholerae virulence gene complex found in V. cholerae O1 and O139. This suggests that other unidentified virulence determinants are involved in V. cholerae O139 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Echeverria
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
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Abstract
Two sibs are described, the first of whom presented the classic Meckel syndrome triad of encephalocele, postaxial polydactyly, and characteristic renal cystic changes. The second sib had none of these abnormalities, but did show urethral atresia and preaxial polydactyly, two features previously described in some patients with Meckel syndrome. The two cases illustrate both the wide phenotypic spectrum of Meckel syndrome and the difficulty of attempting to define minimum diagnostic criteria for the disorder. The clinical implications arising from this problem are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wright
- Division of Pathology, School of Pathological Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Royal Victoria Infirmary, UK
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Del Prete L, English C, Caldwell M, Banspach SW, Lefebvre C. Three-year follow-up of Pawtucket Heart Health's community-based weight loss programs. Am J Health Promot 1993; 7:182-7. [PMID: 10148705 DOI: 10.4278/0890-1171-7.3.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a community-based weight loss program. DESIGN A questionnaire was administered by telephone to subjects one to three years following participation in a weight loss program. SETTING The study took place in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. The Pawtucket Heart Health Program is part of this setting. SUBJECTS A stratified sample of 400 subjects was randomly selected from 2,186 people who participated in weight loss programs between 1985 and 1987. A total of 285 subjects completed the questionnaire; 229 subjects provided sufficient information to be included in the study. INTERVENTION The subjects participated in community-based and worksite-based weight loss programs. MEASURES Self-reported heights and weights before and after intervention and demographic data were collected. Desirable body weight and Garrow's health risk classifications were calculated. RESULTS Overall, there was a 3.2% reduction in body weight between time of entrance into weight loss programs and time of interview. Eighty percent of the participants lost weight in the program; mean weight loss was 11 pounds. At time of follow-up interview one to three years later, 65% of subjects weighed less than at entrance into the community programs; on average, subjects weighed six pounds less. Sixty-nine percent of the sample was above 20% desirable body weight at entrance and 26% of this group lost enough weight to lower their health risk category. CONCLUSIONS Weight loss in this community-based program compares favorably with those reported by more intense and expensive clinic-bound programs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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DelPrete LR, Caldwell M, English C, Banspach SW, Lefebvre C. Self-reported and measured weights and heights of participants in community-based weight loss programs. J Am Diet Assoc 1992; 92:1483-6. [PMID: 1452961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Self-reported weights and heights of 82 adults were compared with measured weights and heights 1 to 3 years after participation in community weight loss programs. The mean self-reported weight was 2.3 +/- 1.9 kg lower than measured weight (P < .05). Differences in underreporting were not significant for gender or age group. Heavier individuals misreported their weight to a greater extent (P < .05) than lighter persons, and individuals who had not recently weighed themselves underreported their weight to a greater extent than those who had weighed recently (P < .05). On the average, height was overreported by a mean of 1.8 +/- 2.7 cm. Overreporting increased with increasing height, and men overestimated their height to a greater extent than women (P < .05). Younger subjects reported their height more accurately than those older than 60 years. Results of our study are similar to those of previous investigations that examined self-reporting bias in subjects enrolled in weight loss programs. The mean discrepancy in body weight, however, was greater than that reported in samples drawn from the general population. Our findings indicate that self-reported weight and height values in overweight populations should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R DelPrete
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Rhode Island, Kingston 02892
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Abstract
A female infant with Cornelia de Lange syndrome and severe limb reduction defects is described. Chromosome analysis showed a de novo translocation with breakpoints at 3q26.3 and 17q23.1. This is the first reported case of a de novo translocation associated with this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ireland
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Newcastle upon Tyne
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Abstract
This paper overviews dental implants emphasizing design concepts, material composition, and prosthetic abutments. Within the space limitations, all systems can not be shown in total and we do not infer superiority or inferiority with the inclusion or exclusion of any design, concept, or abutment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C English
- VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30910
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English C. Repetitive strain injuries. Practitioner 1989; 233:1185-6, 1188. [PMID: 2616469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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English C. Medical books in early public libraries. Soc Soc Hist Med Bull (Lond) 1986; 39:16-9. [PMID: 11622091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Ross JK, English C, Perlmutter CA. Dietary fiber constituents of selected fruits and vegetables. J Am Diet Assoc 1985; 85:1111-6. [PMID: 2993399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the dietary fiber (DF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin content of selected fruits and vegetables. Apples and peaches (fresh and canned), oranges (fresh), strawberries (fresh, canned, and frozen), carrots, green beans, and potatoes (fresh, fresh cooked, canned, and frozen), and tomatoes (fresh, fresh cooked, and canned) were studied. When possible, two varieties, two stores, and name and store brands were chosen. Samples were analyzed for NDF, acid detergent fiber, 72% sulfuric acid, lignin, and pectin. From those values, DF, cellulose, and hemicellulose were calculated. Fresh fruits in gm/100gm wet weight had decreasing DF, NDF, and hemicellulose values as follows: apples, peaches, strawberries, and oranges. Apples were highest in cellulose; strawberries, highest in lignin; and oranges, highest in pectin. Fresh-cooked vegetables in gm/100gm wet weight have decreasing DF and NDF values as follows: green beans, carrots, potatoes, and tomatoes. Green beans were highest in cellulose and hemicellulose; potatoes highest in lignin; and carrots highest in pectin. On a wet-weight basis, fresh apples and peaches, fresh-cooked green beans, canned carrots, and canned and frozen potatoes were higher in DF and NDF than other forms of the fruit or vegetable. There were few differences according to stores, brands, or varieties of fruits and vegetables. On a dry-weight basis, fresh apples, peaches, strawberries, green beans, and tomatoes appear to have higher DF and NDF contents than their processed counterparts. Fresh-cooked carrots and fresh potatoes appear to have less DF and NDF than their canned and frozen counterparts.
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