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Winckler K, Bukkehave KH, Tarnow L, Iversen PB, Damgaard C, Ditlev SB, Kofoed-Enevoldsen A, Fischer HM, Dueholm SCH, Lauenborg J, Trier C, Heitmann BL. The prevention of adverse pregnancy outcomes by periodontal treatment during pregnancy (PROBE) intervention study-A controlled intervention study: Protocol paper. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302010. [PMID: 38739615 PMCID: PMC11090325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pregnancy increases the risk of periodontitis due to the increase in progesterone and estrogen. Moreover, periodontitis during pregnancy is associated with development of pregnancy and birth related complications. The aim of this study is to determine, whether periodontal treatment during pregnancy can reduce systemic inflammation and lower the risk of adverse pregnancy and birth related outcomes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The PROBE study is a non-randomized controlled intervention study conducted among 600 pregnant women with periodontitis. The women will be recruited among all pregnant women at two Danish hospitals in Region Zealand during their nuchal translucency scan and will subsequently be screened for periodontitis. The intervention group includes 300 pregnant women, who will be offered state-of-the-art periodontal treatment during pregnancy. The control group includes additional 300 pregnant women, who will be offered periodontal treatment after giving birth. Outcome measures include periodontal measures, inflammatory, hormonal and glycaemic markers as well as the prevalence of preterm birth risk, low birth weight and risk markers of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia that will be collected from all screened women and further during pregnancy week 20 and pregnancy week 35 for women enrolled in the intervention. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study's findings will be published in peer reviewed journals and disseminated at national and international conferences and through social media. The PROBE study is designed to provide important new knowledge as to whether periodontal treatment during pregnancy can reduce the prevalence of complications related to pregnancy and birth. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION The study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT06110143).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Winckler
- The Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Hansen Bukkehave
- The Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Tarnow
- Steno Diabetes Center Sjælland, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Christian Damgaard
- Department of Odontology, Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sisse Bolm Ditlev
- Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Jeannet Lauenborg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Cæcilie Trier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nykoebing Falster Hospital, Nykøbing Falster, Denmark
| | - Berit Lilienthal Heitmann
- The Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Boden Group, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Department of Public Health, Section for General Practice, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Lundtorp Olsen C, Massarenti L, Vendius VFD, Gürsoy UK, Van Splunter A, Bikker FJ, Gürsoy M, Damgaard C, Markvart M, Belstrøm D. Probiotics Partly Suppress the Impact of Sugar Stress on the Oral Microbiota-A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:4810. [PMID: 38004205 PMCID: PMC10675525 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to test if probiotics counteract oral dysbiosis during 14 days of sugar stress and subsequently help restore oral homeostasis. Eighty healthy individuals received either probiotics (n = 40) or placebo lozenges (n = 40) for 28 days and rinsed with a 10% sucrose solution 6-8 times during the initial 14 days of the trial. Saliva and supragingival samples were collected at baseline, day 14, and day 28. Saliva samples were analyzed for levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, albumin, and salivary enzyme activity. The supragingival microbiota was characterized according to the Human Oral Microbiome Database. After 14 days of sugar stress, the relative abundance of Porphyromonas species was significantly higher (p = 0.03) and remained significantly elevated at day 28 in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group (p = 0.004). At day 28, the relative abundance of Kingella species was significantly higher in the probiotic group (p = 0.03). Streptococcus gordinii and Neisseria elongata were associated with the probiotic group on day 28, while Streptococcus sobrinus was associated with the placebo group on day 14 and day 28. On day 28, the salivary albumin level was significantly lower in the probiotic group. The present study demonstrates a potential stabilizing effect on the supragingival microbiota mediated by consumption of probiotics during short-term sugar stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lundtorp Olsen
- Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (V.F.D.V.); (M.M.); (D.B.)
- ADM Denmark A/S, 3390 Hundested, Denmark
| | - Laura Massarenti
- Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Vincent Frederik Dahl Vendius
- Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (V.F.D.V.); (M.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (U.K.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Annina Van Splunter
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.V.S.); (F.J.B.)
| | - Floris J. Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.V.S.); (F.J.B.)
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (U.K.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Christian Damgaard
- Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Merete Markvart
- Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (V.F.D.V.); (M.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Daniel Belstrøm
- Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (V.F.D.V.); (M.M.); (D.B.)
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Lundtorp Olsen C, Massarenti L, Vendius VFD, Gürsoy UK, Van Splunter A, Bikker FJ, Gürsoy M, Damgaard C, Markvart M, Belstrøm D. Probiotics Support Resilience of the Oral Microbiota during Resolution after Experimental Gingivitis-A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:4805. [PMID: 38004199 PMCID: PMC10675299 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to test whether probiotics protect against experimental gingivitis incited by 14 days of oral hygiene neglect and/or subsequently support the restoration of oral homeostasis. Eighty systemically and orally healthy participants refrained from oral hygiene procedures for 14 days, followed by 14 days with regular oral hygiene procedures. Additionally, participants consumed either probiotics (n = 40) or placebo (n = 40) throughout the trial. At baseline, day 14, and day 28, supragingival plaque score and bleeding-on-probing percentage (BOP %) were registered, and supragingival plaque and saliva samples were collected. The supragingival microbiota was characterized using 16S sequencing, and saliva samples were analyzed for levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and proteases. At day 28, the relative abundance of Lautropia (p = 0.014), Prevotella (p = 0.046), Fusobacterium (p = 0.033), and Selenomonas (p = 0.0078) genera were significantly higher in the placebo group compared to the probiotics group, while the relative abundance of Rothia (p = 0.047) species was associated with the probiotics group. Streptococcus sanguinis was associated with the probiotics group, while Campylobacter gracilis was associated with the placebo group. No difference was observed in salivary cytokines, albumin, or any enzyme activity. The present study suggests that probiotics support the resilience of the oral microbiota in the resolution period after gingivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lundtorp Olsen
- Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (V.F.D.V.); (M.M.); (D.B.)
- AMD Denmark A/S, 3390 Hundested, Denmark
| | - Laura Massarenti
- Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Vincent Frederik Dahl Vendius
- Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (V.F.D.V.); (M.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (U.K.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Annina Van Splunter
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.V.S.); (F.J.B.)
| | - Floris J. Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.V.S.); (F.J.B.)
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (U.K.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Christian Damgaard
- Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Merete Markvart
- Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (V.F.D.V.); (M.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Daniel Belstrøm
- Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (V.F.D.V.); (M.M.); (D.B.)
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Damgaard C, Strandberg B, Ehlers B, Hansen RR, Strandberg MT. Corrigendum to effect of nitrogen and glyphosate on the plant community composition in a simulated field margin ecosystem: Model-based ordination of pin-point cover data Environ. Pollut, 2022, 315, 120377. Environ Pollut 2023; 336:122444. [PMID: 37639965 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Damgaard
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Beate Strandberg
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Bodil Ehlers
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rikke Reisner Hansen
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Morten Tune Strandberg
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Wagner AK, D'Souza M, Bang CN, Holmstrup P, Blanche P, Fiehn NE, Gislason G, Pedersen CT, Damgaard C, Nielsen CH, Hansen PR. Treated periodontitis and recurrent events after first-time myocardial infarction: A Danish nationwide cohort study. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:1305-1314. [PMID: 37464548 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association between previous periodontal treatment and recurrent events after first-time myocardial infarction (MI). MATERIALS AND METHODS From the Danish nationwide registries, patients with first-time MI between 2000 and 2015 were divided into three groups according to oral health care within 1 year prior to first-time MI. A multiple logistic regression model provided adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the 3-year risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). RESULTS A total of 103,949 patients were included. Patients with treated periodontitis (PD) prior to first-time MI had an adjusted 3-year risk of MACE similar to patients presumed periodontally healthy (OR 0.97 [95% CI 0.92-1.03]). Patients with no prior dental visits were significantly older, had more comorbidities and showed significantly increased adjusted 3-year risks of MACE (OR 1.47 [95% CI 1.42-1.52]), cardiovascular death (OR 1.71 [95% CI 1.64-1.78]) and heart failure (OR 1.13 [95% CI 1.07-1.20]) compared with patients presumed periodontally healthy. CONCLUSIONS Patients with treated PD 1 year prior to first-time MI had a similar risk of recurrent cardiovascular events as patients presumed periodontally healthy. No dental visit prior to first-time MI was an independent risk factor for recurrent events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kjellström Wagner
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Maria D'Souza
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Casper N Bang
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul Blanche
- Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nils-Erik Fiehn
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Gislason
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Danish Heart Foundation, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Torp Pedersen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - North Zealand, Hilleroed, Denmark
| | - Christian Damgaard
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Henrik Nielsen
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Riis Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Enevold C, Nielsen CH, Christensen LB, Kongstad J, Fiehn NE, Hansen PR, Holmstrup P, Havemose-Poulsen A, Damgaard C. Suitability of machine learning models for prediction of clinically defined Stage III/IV periodontitis from questionnaires and demographic data in Danish cohorts. J Clin Periodontol 2023. [PMID: 37691160 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate if, and to what extent, machine learning models can capture clinically defined Stage III/IV periodontitis from self-report questionnaires and demographic data. MATERIALS AND METHODS Self-reported measures of periodontitis, demographic data and clinically established Stage III/IV periodontitis status were extracted from two Danish population-based cohorts (The Copenhagen Aging and Midlife Biobank [CAMB] and The Danish Health Examination Survey [DANHES]) and used to develop cross-validated machine learning models for the prediction of clinically established Stage III/IV periodontitis. Models were trained using 10-fold cross-validations repeated three times on the CAMB dataset (n = 1476), and the resulting models were validated in the DANHES dataset (n = 3585). RESULTS The prevalence of Stage III/IV periodontitis was 23.2% (n = 342) in the CAMB dataset and 9.3% (n = 335) in the DANHES dataset. For the prediction of clinically established Stage III/IV periodontitis in the CAMB cohort, models reached area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROCs) of 0.67-0.69, sensitivities of 0.58-0.64 and specificities of 0.71-0.80. In the DANHES cohort, models derived from the CAMB cohort achieved AUROCs of 0.64-0.70, sensitivities of 0.44-0.63 and specificities of 0.75-0.84. CONCLUSIONS Applying cross-validated machine learning algorithms to demographic data and self-reported measures of periodontitis resulted in models with modest capabilities for the prediction of Stage III/IV periodontitis in two Danish cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Enevold
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C H Nielsen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Research Area Periodontology, Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L B Christensen
- Research Area Periodontology, Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Kongstad
- Research Area Periodontology, Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N E Fiehn
- Costerton Biofilm Centre, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P R Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Holmstrup
- Research Area Periodontology, Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Havemose-Poulsen
- Research Area Periodontology, Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Damgaard
- Research Area Periodontology, Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Danielsen AK, Damgaard C, Massarenti L, Østrup P, Riis Hansen P, Holmstrup P, Nielsen CH. B-cell cytokine responses to Porphyromonas gingivalis in patients with periodontitis and healthy controls. J Periodontol 2023; 94:997-1007. [PMID: 36715211 DOI: 10.1002/jper.22-0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokine-producing B cells play a well-established role in modifying immune responses in chronic inflammatory diseases. We characterized B-cell cytokine responses against periodontitis-associated bacteria in patients with periodontitis. METHODS Blood and saliva samples were collected from patients with periodontitis grade B (N = 31) or grade C (N = 25), and 25 healthy controls (HCs). Mononuclear cells were stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Staphylococcus epidermidis, or Cutibacterium acnes, and B-cell production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β by B cells was assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS HCs had higher baseline frequencies of B cells producing IFN-γ or TNF-α than grade B patients, but only B cells from grade B patients showed significant differentiation into IFN-γ-, TNF-α-, TGF-β-, or IL-10-producing cells after challenge with P. gingivalis and into IFN-γ-, TGF-β-, or IL-10-producing cells after challenge F. nucleatum. Notably, the baseline frequency of IL-10-producing B cells from grade C patients correlated inversely with clinical attachment loss (AL). The major proportion of the IFN-γ- and TGF-β-producing B cells were CD27+ memory cells, while the IL-10-producing B cells were mainly CD27- CD5- . CONCLUSIONS B cells from grade B patients, particularly those harboring P. gingivalis, showed proinflammatory B-cell responses to P. gingivalis. Moreover, the baseline frequency of IL-10-producing B cells in the grade C group correlated inversely with AL, suggesting a diminished immunoregulatory capacity of IL-10-producing B cells in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Katrine Danielsen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Section for Oral, Biology and Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Damgaard
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Section for Oral, Biology and Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Massarenti
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Østrup
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Riis Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Section for Oral, Biology and Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus H Nielsen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Section for Oral, Biology and Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jensen IC, Hansen RR, Damgaard C, Offenberg J. Implementing wood ants in biocontrol: Suppression of apple scab and reduced aphid tending. Pest Manag Sci 2023; 79:2415-2422. [PMID: 36811225 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ants can become efficient biocontrol agents in plantation crops as they prey on pest insects and may inhibit plant pathogens by excreting broad-spectrum antibiotics. However, ants also provide a disservice by augmenting attended honeydew producing homopterans. This disservice may be avoided by offering ants artificial sugar as an alternative to honeydew. Here we tested the effect of artificial sugar feeding on aphid abundance in an apple plot with wood ants (Formica polyctena, Förster), and tested the effect of ant presence on apple scab (Venturia inaequalis, Cooke) disease incidence. RESULTS Over a 2-year period, sugar feeding eliminated ant-attended aphid populations on the apple trees. Furthermore, scab symptoms on both leaves and apples were reduced considerably on ant trees compared to control trees without ants. The presence of ants on the trees reduced leaf scab infections by 34%, whereas spot numbers on fruits were reduced by between 53 and 81%, depending on apple variety. In addition, the spots were 56% smaller. CONCLUSION This shows that problems with wood ant-attended homopterans can be solved and that ants can control both insect pests and plant pathogens. We therefore propose wood ants as a new effective biocontrol agent suitable for implementation in apple orchards and possibly other plantation crops. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Dai W, Slotsbo S, Xie L, Wang Y, Damgaard C, Holmstrup M. Increased daily temperature fluctuations exacerbate the toxicity of phenanthrene in Enchytraeus albidus (Enchytraeidae). Sci Total Environ 2023; 873:162403. [PMID: 36841403 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Temperature variability in soils is expected to increase due to the more frequent occurrence of heat waves, putting species under thermal stress. In addition, organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are released into the environment due to anthropogenic activities. Both stressors negatively impact terrestrial organisms and may interact with each other. Here, we subjected the soil living enchytraeid, Enchytraeus albidus, to combined exposure to phenanthrene (PHE; 0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg kg-1 dry soil) and a range of temperature treatments (constant temperature (CT): 10, 15 and 20 °C; different mean temperature with the same daily temperature fluctuation (DTF-5): 10 ± 5, 15 ± 5 and 20 ± 5 °C; daily temperature fluctuation with the same mean, but different amplitudes (DTF-A): 20, 20 ± 2, 20 ± 5 and 20 ± 7 °C). We measured internal PHE concentration in adults and found that an increase in mean temperature significantly increased the internal PHE concentration. The production of juveniles was measured using a standardized test. We found a synergistic interaction between the temperature amplitude (DTF-A treatments) and PHE on the reproduction of E. albidus. The EC50 of reproduction decreased with increasing amplitude. These results show that the negative effects of PHE on E. albidus can be magnified if stressful temperatures are reached (although briefly) during diurnal fluctuations of soil temperature. Our results highlight the importance and inclusion of extreme thermal events in the risk assessment of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencai Dai
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Section of Terrestrial Ecology, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Stine Slotsbo
- Section of Terrestrial Ecology, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Liyan Xie
- Section of Terrestrial Ecology, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Yang Wang
- Section of Terrestrial Ecology, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Christian Damgaard
- Section of Terrestrial Ecology, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Martin Holmstrup
- Section of Terrestrial Ecology, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Dai W, Holmstrup M, Slotsbo S, Bakker R, Damgaard C, van Gestel CAM. Heat stress delays detoxification of phenanthrene in the springtail Folsomia candida. Chemosphere 2023; 311:137119. [PMID: 36334742 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has intensified the occurrence of heat waves, resulting in organisms being exposed to thermal and chemical stress at the same time. The effects of mild heat shock combined with sublethal concentrations of phenanthrene (PHE) on defense mechanisms in springtails Folsomia candida were investigated. The transcription of Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) was significantly upregulated by heat shock but tended to reach the control levels after 42 h of recovery. The transcription of cytochrome P450 3A13 (CYP3A13) was upregulated 3-13 fold by PHE but suppressed by heat shock. The suppression by heat shock might contribute to the reduced detoxification of PHE during high-temperature exposure. In line with this, we found that the internal PHE concentration was approximately 70% higher in heat-shocked springtails than in animals kept at control temperature. In general, the transcription of genes encoding enzymes of detoxification phase Ⅱ (glutathione S-transferase 3) and phase Ⅲ (ABC transporter 1) and the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) were less influenced than genes encoding phase I detoxification mechanisms (CYP3A13). These results indicate that heat shock delays the detoxification of PHE in springtails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencai Dai
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Section of Terrestrial Ecology, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle 4-6, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Martin Holmstrup
- Section of Terrestrial Ecology, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle 4-6, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stine Slotsbo
- Section of Terrestrial Ecology, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle 4-6, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ruben Bakker
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Damgaard
- Section of Terrestrial Ecology, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle 4-6, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Lundtorp Olsen C, Markvart M, Vendius VFD, Damgaard C, Belstrøm D. Short-term sugar stress induces compositional changes and loss of diversity of the supragingival microbiota. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2189770. [PMID: 36968295 PMCID: PMC10035944 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2189770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequent intake of free sugars is a major risk factor for dental caries, but the immediate influence of sugar intake on the supragingival microbiota remains unknown. We aim to characterize the effect of 14 days of sugar rinsing on the supragingival microbiota. Forty orally and systemically healthy participants rinsed their mouth with a 10% sucrose solution, 6-8 times a day, for 14 days, followed by 14 days without sugar stress. Supragingival plaque samples were collected at baseline, and after 14, and 28 days. The supragingival microbiota was analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing. Taxonomic classification was performed using the Human Oral Microbiome Database. After 14 days of sugar stress induced by the daily sugar rinses, a significant loss of α-diversity (p = 0.02) and a significant increase in the relative abundance of Actinomyces (6.5% to 9.6%, p = 0.006) and Corynebacterium (6.2% to 9.1%, p = 0.03) species were recorded. In addition, a significant decrease in Streptococcus (10.3% to 6.1%, p = 0.001) species was observed. Sugar-mediated changes returned to baseline conditions 14 days after the last sugar rinse. The present study shows that temporary sugar stress induces loss of diversity and compositional changes to the supragingival microbiota, which are reversible if oral care is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lundtorp Olsen
- Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- ADM Denmark A/S, Hundested, Denmark
- CONTACT Christine Lundtorp Olsen Section of Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 20, CopenhagenN2200, Denmark
| | - Merete Markvart
- Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vincent Frederik Dahl Vendius
- Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Damgaard
- Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Belstrøm
- Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Damgaard C, Strandberg B, Ehlers B, Hansen RR, Strandberg MT. Effect of nitrogen and glyphosate on the plant community composition in a simulated field margin ecosystem: Model-based ordination of pin-point cover data. Environ Pollut 2022; 315:120377. [PMID: 36228853 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The effect of nitrogen and glyphosate on the plant community composition was investigated in a simulated field margin ecosystem. The plant community composition was inferred from pin-point cover data using a model-based ordination method that is suited for modelling pin-point cover data. The mean structure of the ordination model is analogous to a standard linear model, which enabled us to estimate the mean effects of nitrogen and glyphosate and their interaction in the two-dimensional ordination space. There were significant effects of both nitrogen and glyphosate on the plant community composition and overall species diversity. The effects of nitrogen and glyphosate on the plant community composition differed significantly. Furthermore, the estimated combined effects of nitrogen and glyphosate indicated that nitrogen and glyphosate enforced the effect of each other on the plant community composition by synergistic interactions. Addition of nitrogen and glyphosate was found to favor a plant community that was dominated by perennial grasses, and there was a tendency for glyphosate to select for plant communities in which annual plants were more frequent. The results suggest that using the notion of plant functional types and specific knowledge of the degree of glyphosate tolerance may be effective for predicting the effect of glyphosate on the community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Damgaard
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark.
| | - Beate Strandberg
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Bodil Ehlers
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Rikke Reisner Hansen
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
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13
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Damgaard C. Selection against ruderals in Danish grasslands over an eight-year period. ECOL INFORM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rosing K, Christensen LB, Damgaard C. Periodontal care attendance in Denmark in 2012-2016 - a nationwide register-based study. Acta Odontol Scand 2022; 80:264-272. [PMID: 34752725 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2021.1998611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Planning and evaluation of oral healthcare systems rely on monitoring of care patterns. Monitoring periodontal care patterns provide information on the burden and occurrence of periodontitis in the population and on the direct financial cost. The aims of the study were to describe patterns in periodontal care among dental care attenders that might incite subsequent investigation and revised treatment guidelines. Secondly, to estimate the direct societal costs of periodontal care. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective register-based study utilising data from the Danish Public Health Insurance which includes all dental care attenders in 2012-2016, three years before and one year after a national risk-based recall maintenance program was rolled out in Denmark. RESULTS The 2.7 million yearly dental care attenders corresponded to ∼60% of the eligible population and in the range of 20-24% received periodontal care. Total expenditure for periodontal care in Denmark increased by 13% from 2012 to 2016, from €78 to €88 million. The proportion of total healthcare funding spent on periodontal care was 0.61% in 2016. CONCLUSIONS Patients with periodontitis have large out-of-pocket yearly expenses for periodontal care. Despite small changes in periodontal clinical practice that may indicate improved targeting of patients in need of periodontal care, challenges of reaching non-attenders and non-adherence to care are unsolved. More research into outcomes from periodontal therapy in daily practice, seen from both normative and patient perspectives, would help establish knowledge of the efficiency of existing periodontal care systems and help identify barriers and facilitators for attending care in Denmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Rosing
- Section for Oral Health, Society and Technology, Research area Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisa Bøge Christensen
- Section for Oral Health, Society and Technology, Research area Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Damgaard
- Section of Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Research area Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Damgaard C, Massarenti L, Danielsen AK, Graversen JH, Holmstrup P, Nielsen CH, Palarasah Y. Complement component 3 (C3) and its activation split-products in saliva associates with periodontitis. J Periodontol 2022; 93:1294-1301. [PMID: 35218227 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Periodontitis (PD) is classified by grades A through C according to the risk of further progression, PD grade C (PD-C) being the most severe progressing form. It is a matter of controversy, whether the disease activity observed in PD-C is due to impaired immune reactivity towards bacteria embedded in biofilms or a hyper-reactive immune response causing tissue damage as a bystander phenomenon. Little is known about the role of complement in this respect. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plasma and unstimulated saliva samples were collected from patients with PD-B (n = 34) or -C (n = 27) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 28). Salivary and plasma levels of total C3, C3c and C3dg were quantified using sandwich ELISA. RESULTS Salivary levels of total C3 and C3dg were elevated in PD-B and PD-C patients compared to HCs (both p< 0.05), while the levels of C3c were elevated in PD-C compared to HCs. Plasma levels of C3c were higher in PD-B patients than in HCs (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION PD-B and PD-C patients show increased complement activation compared to HCs, but no difference was found between the two disease grades. PD-B, but not PD-C, is associated with increased systemic complement activation as assessed by C3c in plasma. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Damgaard
- Research area Periodontology, Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Cxopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Massarenti
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Cxopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Katrine Danielsen
- Research area Periodontology, Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Cxopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas H Graversen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Research area Periodontology, Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus H Nielsen
- Research area Periodontology, Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Cxopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yaseelan Palarasah
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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16
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Mathiassen SK, Boutin C, Strandberg B, Carpenter D, Damgaard C. Effects of Low Doses of Herbicides on Different Endpoints in the Life Cycle of Nontarget Terrestrial Plants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021; 40:1389-1404. [PMID: 33492680 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herbicide drift may cause adverse effects on natural and seminatural plant communities, and it has been debated whether the current ecological risk assessments are adequate to protect nontarget terrestrial plant species. In the present study, 9 nontarget terrestrial plant species with different lifespans (3 annual/6 perennial) belonging to 6 different plant families were exposed to 4 herbicides with different modes of action at the vegetative (6-8 leaf) and reproductive (bud) stages separately. The plant tests were conducted under controlled conditions in 2 greenhouses, 1 located in Denmark and 1 in Canada. For both growth stages, effects were recorded on vegetative (above-ground biomass 3 wk after treatment) and reproductive endpoints (number and germinability of seeds). In most cases, responses following exposure at the juvenile stage were greater than responses following exposure at the reproductive stage. For the combinations of herbicides and plant species included in the present study, we found that the sensitivities of vegetative and reproductive endpoints were equal, or else vegetative endpoints were more sensitive than reproductive endpoints. We also found that annual species were more sensitive than perennial species. The overall conclusions cover many different response patterns, and it is evident that some effects may not be found in the currently used standard tests. Generally, more pronounced effects were obtained in Denmark compared with Canada, highlighting the fact that even under standardized test conditions and following common guidelines, several uncontrollable factors can still induce variable results. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1389-1404. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Céline Boutin
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - David Carpenter
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Damgaard C, Danielsen AK, Enevold C, Reinholdt J, Holmstrup P, Nielsen CH, Massarenti L. Circulating antibodies against leukotoxin A as marker of periodontitis grades B and C and oral infection with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. J Periodontol 2021; 92:1795-1804. [PMID: 33749825 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The facultative bacterium Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) is strongly associated with periodontitis and is occasionally found in periodontally healthy subjects. We aimed to determine the prevalence of salivary Aa among patients with either periodontitis grade B (periodontitis-B) or grade C (periodontitis-C), periodontally healthy controls (HCs), and to determine if systemic antibodies against Aa or its virulence factor leukotoxin A (LtxA) may serve as biomarkers that reveal the oral presence of the bacterium and discriminate subjects with periodontitis-C, periodontitis-B, or no periodontitis from each other. METHODS Serum and unstimulated saliva samples were collected from patients with periodontitis-C (n = 27), patients with periodontitis-B (n = 34), and HCs (n = 28). Serum level of immunoglobulin G antibodies to fragmented whole Aa and to LtxA were quantified using a bead-based assay. Aa was identified in saliva using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and current smoking status. RESULTS Aa was present in saliva from 11% of HCs, in 32% of patients with periodontitis-B (P = 0.04 versus HCs), and in 37% of patients with periodontitis-C (P = 0.02 versus HCs). Serum antibodies to fragments of Aa associated significantly with periodontitis-C (P = 0.03), while serum anti-LtxA antibodies associated with both periodontitis-B and periodontitis-C (P = 0.002 and P = 9×10-4 , respectively). Moreover, a significant association between serum anti-LtxA antibodies and Aa count in saliva was observed (P = 0.001). On the basis of serum anti-LtxA antibody levels, patients with periodontitis could be discriminated from HCs (AUC = 0.74 in ROC curve-analysis, P = 0.0003), and carriers of Aa could be discriminated from non-carriers (AUC = 0.78, P <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Aa is highly prevalent in saliva of patients with periodontitis-B or periodontitis-C. Systemic immunoglobulin G antibodies against LtxA distinguish patients with periodontitis, regardless of grade, from HCs, while their quantity reflects the concurrent bacterial burden in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Damgaard
- Research area Periodontology, Section for Oral Biology & Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 20, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Anne Katrine Danielsen
- Research area Periodontology, Section for Oral Biology & Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 20, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Christian Enevold
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Jesper Reinholdt
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Research area Periodontology, Section for Oral Biology & Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 20, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Claus H Nielsen
- Research area Periodontology, Section for Oral Biology & Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 20, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Laura Massarenti
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
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19
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Damgaard C. Measurement Uncertainty in Ecological and Environmental Models. Trends Ecol Evol 2020; 35:871-873. [PMID: 32727661 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In many applied cases of ecological and environmental modeling there is sizeable variation in the independent variables as a result of measurement and sampling errors. This uncertainty may lead to biased predictions. It is possible to avoid this problem by increased sampling and by modeling the errors using hierarchical modeling.
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Grande MA, Belstrøm D, Damgaard C, Holmstrup P, Thangaraj SS, Nielsen CH, Palarasah Y. Complement split product C3c in saliva as biomarker for periodontitis and response to periodontal treatment. J Periodontal Res 2020; 56:27-33. [PMID: 32681659 PMCID: PMC7891408 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective The complement system is engaged in inflammatory reactions both in the periodontal pockets and in the periodontium itself, where it can mediate tissue destruction. The aim of this study was, first, to compare salivary levels of the total complement system protein C3 and its split product, fluid‐phase C3c in patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls. Next, to determine if C3 and C3c levels had biomarker potential in diagnosing and monitoring periodontitis and its treatment. We hypothesized that salivary levels of total C3 and the split product C3c associated with the severity of periodontitis and reflected decreased inflammatory activity after periodontal treatment. Methods At baseline, stimulated saliva samples were collected from patients with periodontitis (n = 18) and periodontally healthy controls (n = 15). Subsequently, non‐surgical periodontal treatment was performed in the patients, and saliva sampling from patients was repeated two‐, six‐, and twelve weeks post‐treatment (NCT02913248 at clinicaltrials.gov). The patients were grouped as good and poor responders to treatment according to the achieved reduction in bleeding on probing (BOP). Salivary levels of C3 and C3c were quantified using sandwich ELISA. Results Patients with periodontitis had higher baseline levels of both total C3 and the split product C3c in saliva than did periodontally healthy controls (P < .0001). Receiver operating curve (ROC) analyses discriminated patients with periodontitis from controls based on both C3 (AUC (area under curve) = 0.91, P < .001) and C3c levels (AUC = 0.84, P < .001) in saliva. Periodontal treatment improved all clinical parameters (P < .01). Good responders (n = 10) had lower baseline levels of C3c than poor responders (n = 8), (P < .05), and baseline levels of C3c discriminated between good and poor responders (AUC = 0.80, P < .05). Conclusion In conclusion, patients with periodontitis had higher salivary levels of C3c, and the C3c levels were predictive of reductions in BOP, that is, the poor responders. This suggests that salivary C3c levels possess potential to serve as a biomarker predicting the clinical response to non‐surgical periodontal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anastasia Grande
- Section Clinical Oral Microbiology, Periodontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Belstrøm
- Section Clinical Oral Microbiology, Periodontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Damgaard
- Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Periodontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Periodontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sai Sindhu Thangaraj
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Cancer and Inflammation, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Claus Henrik Nielsen
- Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Periodontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Yaseelan Palarasah
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Cancer and Inflammation, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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21
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Carpenter DJ, Mathiassen SK, Boutin C, Strandberg B, Casey CS, Damgaard C. Effects of Herbicides on Flowering. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020; 39:1244-1256. [PMID: 32170767 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides have been shown to reduce flower production and to delay flowering, with results varying among herbicides and tested plant species. We investigated the effects of herbicides on flowering in an extensive greenhouse study conducted in Canada and Denmark. The effects of low doses of 5 different herbicides (bromoxynil, ioxynil + bromoxynil, metsulfuron-methyl, clopyralid, and glyphosate), simulating realistic drift scenarios (1 and 5% recommended field rates), on plant flowering were examined using 9 wild plant species exposed at either the seedling (6- to 8-leaf) or flower bud stage. Following herbicide exposure, initial flowering date as well as flower production over time were recorded over the growing period. The effect of herbicides on cumulative flower numbers and flowering time were modeled using Gompertz growth models. Significant delays to peak flowering and/or reductions in flower production were observed in at least one plant species for all tested herbicides, with glyphosate often exhibiting the greatest negative effects, that is, plant death. Except for ioxynil + bromoxynil, there was no clear evidence of either the seedling or the flower bud stage being more sensitive. Overall, 58% of all species × life stage × herbicide treatments resulted in either a statistically significant or a strong decline in flower production with herbicide application rates up to 5% of recommended field rates, whereas significant or strong delays in peak flowering were also detected but were slightly less common. Effects at 1% label rates were minimal. Simultaneous delays to peak flowering and reductions in total flower production occurred in approximately 25% of all cases, indicating that herbicide application rates simulating realistic drift scenarios would likely have negative effects on wild floral communities. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1244-1256. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Carpenter
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science and Technology Branch, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Céline Boutin
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science and Technology Branch, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Carlene S Casey
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science and Technology Branch, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Grande MA, Belstrøm D, Damgaard C, Holmstrup P, Könönen E, Gursoy M, Gursoy UK. Salivary concentrations of macrophage activation-related chemokines are influenced by non-surgical periodontal treatment: a 12-week follow-up study. J Oral Microbiol 2019; 12:1694383. [PMID: 31893018 PMCID: PMC6913660 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2019.1694383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: During periodontal inflammation, bacteria induces chemokine expression and migration of various inflammatory cells. The aim of the study was to learn if periodontal treatment alters salivary concentrations of macrophage activation-related chemokines and if such alterations correlate with abundance of periodontitis-associated bacteria. Methods: Twenty-five patients with periodontitis completed the study (NCT02913248 at clinicaltrials.gov). Periodontal parameters and stimulated saliva samples were obtained at baseline and 2, 6 and 12 weeks after non-surgical periodontal treatment. Salivary concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant proteins (MCP-1-4), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), monokine induced by interferon-gamma (MIG), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-1α) and interferon-inducible protein (IP-10) were quantified using the Luminex® xMAP™ technique and abundance of bacteria was quantified using next-generation sequencing. Results: The treatment improved all periodontal parameters and caused an increase in the concentrations of MCP-2, MDC and MIP-1α at week 12 compared to baseline, week 2 and week 6, respectively. Salivary concentrations of MCP-1-2, MDC, MIG, MIP-1α and IP-10 correlated with the abundance of specific periodontitis-associated bacteria. Conclusions: Periodontal treatment impacts salivary concentrations of MCP-2, MDC and MIP-1α, which correlate with the abundance of specific periodontitis-associated bacteria. This indicates that these chemokines reflect periodontal status and possess potential in illustrating a response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Grande
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Belstrøm
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Damgaard
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cancer and Inflammation, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mervi Gursoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ulvi Kahraman Gursoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Dai W, Slotsbo S, Damgaard C, Ke X, Wu L, Holmstrup M. Synergistic interaction between effects of phenanthrene and dynamic heat stress cycles in a soil arthropod. Environ Pollut 2019; 254:113071. [PMID: 31454566 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Climatic stressors and chemicals should not be treated as isolated problems since they often occur simultaneously, and their combined effects must be evaluated including their possible interactive effects. In the present study we subjected springtails (Folsomia candida) to combined exposure to phenanthrene and dynamic heat cycles in a full factorial experiment. In a microcosm experiment, we studied the population growth of springtails subjected to a range of sub-lethal concentrations of phenanthrene. During the 28-day experiment we further subjected microcosms to varying numbers of repeated dynamic heat cycles (0-5 cycles) simulating repeated heat waves. We found a synergistic interaction between the effects of phenanthrene and the number of heat waves on both body mass of adults and juvenile production of F. candida showing that the negative effects of phenanthrene were intensified when animals were heat stressed, and/or vice versa. This interaction was not related to internal concentrations of phenanthrene in adult springtails, nor was it due to altered degradation of phenanthrene in soil. We argue that both phenanthrene (by its partitioning into membrane bilayers) and heat have detrimental effects on the physical conditions of cellular membranes in a dose-dependent manner, which, under extreme circumstances, can increase membrane fluidity to a level which is sub-optimal for normal membrane functioning. We discuss the possibility that the synergistic interactions subsequently reduce life-history parameters such as growth and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencai Dai
- Section of Soil Fauna Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark; College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Stine Slotsbo
- Section of Soil Fauna Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Christian Damgaard
- Section of Soil Fauna Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Xin Ke
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Longhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Martin Holmstrup
- Section of Soil Fauna Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Offenberg
- Dept of Bioscience, Aarhus Univ. Vejlsøvej 25, DK‐8600 Silkeborg Aarhus 8000 Denmark
| | - Christian Damgaard
- Dept of Bioscience, Aarhus Univ. Vejlsøvej 25, DK‐8600 Silkeborg Aarhus 8000 Denmark
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25
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Boutin C, Montroy K, Mathiassen SK, Carpenter DJ, Strandberg B, Damgaard C. Effects of Sublethal Doses of Herbicides on the Competitive Interactions Between 2 Nontarget Plants, Centaurea cyanus L. and Silene noctiflora L. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019; 38:2053-2064. [PMID: 31145498 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant competitive interactions influence the effect of herbicides, and the effect of competitive interactions on plant responses may be important to include in the ecological risk assessment of herbicides. In the present study the effect of competitive interactions and sublethal doses of 2 herbicides on plant species was investigated in competition experiments and fitted to empirical competition models. Two nontarget species commonly found in agroecosystems (Centaurea cyanus L. and Silene noctiflora L.) and 2 herbicides (glyphosate and metsulfuron methyl) were used in separate experiments. Plants were sprayed at the 6- to 8-leaf stage. Effects of herbicide treatments and plant density were modeled by generalization of a discrete hyperbolic competition model. The 10% effective dose (ED10) was calculated for C. cyanus. All experiments showed that as density increased, plants were negatively affected. Furthermore, in all cases, C. cyanus remained a better competitor than S. noctiflora. Nevertheless, the density of S. noctiflora (competitor) was an influential element in determining the ED10 of C. cyanus measured at the mature stage. With herbicide exposure, the competitive interactions were further altered; C. cyanus was less affected by glyphosate when S. noctiflora increased to high density. In contrast, at the young stage, conspecific density was important in determining the sensitivity of C. cyanus to metsulfuron methyl, whereas the density of the competitor S. noctiflora had a limited influence. Overall, the results demonstrate the importance of integrating the effect of herbicide and species interactions measured at the reproductive stage into the ecological risk assessments of pesticides. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2053-2064. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Boutin
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaitlyn Montroy
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - David J Carpenter
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Damgaard C, Danielsen AK, Enevold C, Massarenti L, Nielsen CH, Holmstrup P, Belstrøm D. Porphyromonas gingivalis in saliva associates with chronic and aggressive periodontitis. J Oral Microbiol 2019; 11:1653123. [PMID: 31489129 PMCID: PMC6713147 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2019.1653123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To characterize the salivary microbiota of patients with aggressive periodontitis, patients with chronica periodontitis and orally healthy individuals. Methods: A total of 81 unstimulated saliva samples from aggressive periodontitis patients (n = 31), chronic periodontitis patients (n = 25), and orally healthy controls (n = 25) were examined. The V1-V3 region of the 16S rDNA gene was sequenced with Illumina® MiSeqTM, and sequences were annotated to the expanded Human Oral Microbiome Database (eHOMD). Results: A mean percentage of 97.6 (range: 89.8–99.7) of sequences could be identified at species level. Seven bacterial species, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, were identified with significantly higher relative abundance in saliva from aggressive periodontitis patients than in saliva from orally healthy controls. Salivary abundance of P. gingivalis could discriminate aggressive (AUC: 0.80, p = 0.0001) and chronic periodontitis (AUC: 0.72, p = 0.006) from healthy controls. Likewise, salivary presence of P. gingivalis was significantly associated with aggressive (p < 0.0001, RR: 8.1 (95% CI 2.1–31.2)) and chronic periodontitis (p = 0.002, RR: 6.5 (95% CI: 1.6–25.9)). Conclusion: Salivary presence and relative abundance of P. gingivalis associate with aggressive and chronic periodontitis, but do not discriminate between aggressive and chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Damgaard
- Section for Periodontology and Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Katrine Danielsen
- Section for Periodontology and Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Enevold
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Massarenti
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Henrik Nielsen
- Section for Periodontology and Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Section for Periodontology and Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Belstrøm
- Section for Periodontology and Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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27
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Pedersen RØ, Bonis A, Damgaard C. A nonlinear Bayesian model of trait selection forces. Ecol Modell 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Damgaard C, Holmstrup M, Schmidt IK, Beier C, Larsen KS. On the problems of using linear models in ecological manipulation experiments: lessons learned from a climate experiment. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Damgaard
- Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University; Vejlsøvej 25 8600 Silkeborg Denmark
| | - Martin Holmstrup
- Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University; Vejlsøvej 25 8600 Silkeborg Denmark
| | - Inger Kappel Schmidt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management; University of Copenhagen; Rolighedsvej 23 1958 Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Claus Beier
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management; University of Copenhagen; Rolighedsvej 23 1958 Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Klaus Steenberg Larsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management; University of Copenhagen; Rolighedsvej 23 1958 Frederiksberg C Denmark
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29
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Damgaard C. Spatio-Temporal Structural Equation Modeling in a Hierarchical Bayesian Framework: What Controls Wet Heathland Vegetation? Ecosystems 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-018-0259-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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30
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Engell-Sørensen K, Pall A, Damgaard C, Holmstrup M. Seasonal variation in the prevalence of equine tapeworms using coprological diagnosis during a seven-year period in Denmark. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2018; 12:22-25. [PMID: 31014802 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the prevalence of equine tapeworms, Anoplocephala spp., in Danish horses during a seven-year period assessed by coprological analysis. The data material included >11,000 observations distributed over the period 2009-2015, and four major geographic regions in Denmark representing sandy soils and clayey moraine soils, respectively. This allowed us to test for possible differences between regions (or soil types) and seasons. For a sub-set of the data (about 1200 observations) age of horses was also known, and it was shown that prevalence was highest in the age group 1-5years and then declined with age. We observed no significant difference in the prevalence of Anoplocephala spp. across the geographic regions suggesting that risk of infection was largely the same irrespective the soil types included in the study. Autumn was the season with highest prevalence. However, seasonality was not very marked, and our results show that egg-producing Anoplocephala spp. are found in Danish horses year-round.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adina Pall
- Hestelaboratoriet, Terp Skovvej 107B, 8270 Højbjerg, Denmark
| | - Christian Damgaard
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Martin Holmstrup
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.
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31
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Damgaard C, Reinholdt J, Enevold C, Fiehn NE, Nielsen CH, Holmstrup P. Immunoglobulin G antibodies against Porphyromonas gingivalis or Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in cardiovascular disease and periodontitis. J Oral Microbiol 2017; 9:1374154. [PMID: 29081914 PMCID: PMC5646634 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2017.1374154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim was to elucidate whether levels of circulating antibodies to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis correlate to loss of attachment, as a marker for periodontitis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Design: Sera were collected from 576 participants of the Danish Health Examination Survey (DANHES). Immunoglobulin G antibodies against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and protein antigens from the a, b and c serotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis were quantified by titration in ELISA plates coated with a mixture of antigens prepared by disintegration of bacteria. Results: Levels of antibodies against P. gingivalis (OR = 1.48) and A. actinomycetemcomitans (1.31) associated with periodontitis, as determined by univariable logistic regression analysis. These antibody levels also associated with CVD (1.17 and 1.37), respectively, However, after adjusting for other risk factors, including age, smoking, gender, alcohol consumption, overweight, and level of education using multivariable logistic regression analysis, only increasing body mass index (BMI; 1.09), previous smoking (1.99), and increasing age (decades) (2.27) remained associated with CVD. Increased levels of antibodies against P. gingivalis (1.34) remained associated with periodontitis after adjusting for other risk factors. Conclusions: CVD and periodontitis were associated with levels of IgG antibodies to P. gingivalis or A. actinomycetemcomitans in univariable analyses, but only the association of P. gingivalis antibody levels with periodontitis reached statistical significance after adjustment for common confounders. Age, in particular, influenced this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Damgaard
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Reinholdt
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christian Enevold
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nils-Erik Fiehn
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Henrik Nielsen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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32
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Belstrøm D, Damgaard C, Könönen E, Gürsoy M, Holmstrup P, Gürsoy UK. Salivary cytokine levels in early gingival inflammation. J Oral Microbiol 2017; 9:1364101. [PMID: 28839521 PMCID: PMC5560406 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2017.1364101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary protein levels have been studied in periodontitis. However, there is lack of information on salivary cytokine levels in early gingival inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine salivary levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, IL-1β, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in gingival inflammation. Twenty-eight systemically and orally healthy nonsmokers abstained from oral hygiene protocols for 10 days. After that, self-performed cleaning was resumed for 14 days. Plaque and gingival indexes were measured, and saliva samples were collected at days 1, 4, 7, 10, and 24. Salivary cytokines were detected with Luminex®-xMAP™. Salivary IL-1β, IL-1Ra, and VEGF levels decreased after 10 days' development of experimental gingivitis and reached baseline levels at the end of the 2-week resolution period. Salivary IL-8 levels decreased and remained low during development and resolution of experimental gingivitis. Initial inflammation in gingival tissues is associated with a decrease in inflammatory cytokines in saliva. Further studies are needed to evaluate if inflammatory cytokines bind to their functional receptors within the gingival tissue during early gingivitis, which may limits their spillover to the gingival crevice and ultimately saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Belstrøm
- Department of Odontology, Section for Periodontology and Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Damgaard
- Department of Odontology, Section for Periodontology and Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Department of Odontology, Section for Periodontology and Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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33
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Holmstrup P, Damgaard C, Olsen I, Klinge B, Flyvbjerg A, Nielsen CH, Hansen PR. Comorbidity of periodontal disease: two sides of the same coin? An introduction for the clinician. J Oral Microbiol 2017; 9:1332710. [PMID: 28748036 PMCID: PMC5508374 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2017.1332710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has suggested an independent association between periodontitis and a range of comorbidities, for example cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, psoriasis, and respiratory infections. Shared inflammatory pathways are likely to contribute to this association, but distinct causal mechanisms remain to be defined. Some of these comorbid conditions may improve by periodontal treatment, and a bidirectional relationship may exist, where, for example, treatment of diabetes can improve periodontal status. The present article presents an overview of the evidence linking periodontitis with selected systemic diseases and calls for increased cooperation between dentists and medical doctors to provide optimal screening, treatment, and prevention of both periodontitis and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palle Holmstrup
- Section for Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Damgaard
- Section for Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ingar Olsen
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Björn Klinge
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.,Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Claus Henrik Nielsen
- Section for Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Riis Hansen
- Section for Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Cardiology Department, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
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34
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Damgaard C, Abbott RJ. POSITIVE CORRELATIONS BETWEEN SELFING RATE AND POLLEN-OVULE RATIO WITHIN PLANT POPULATIONS. Evolution 2017; 49:214-217. [PMID: 28593666 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb05973.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/1993] [Accepted: 04/25/1994] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Damgaard
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, Århus, Denmark
| | - R J Abbott
- School of Biological and Medical Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9TH, United Kingdom
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35
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Damgaard C. FIXATION PROBABILITIES OF SELFING RATE MODIFIERS IN SIMULATIONS WITH SEVERAL DELETERIOUS ALLELES WITH LINKAGE. Evolution 2017; 50:1425-1431. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb03916.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/1995] [Accepted: 08/15/1995] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Damgaard
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; University of Aarhus; 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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36
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Damgaard C, Weiner J. It's About Time: A Critique of Macroecological Inferences Concerning Plant Competition. Trends Ecol Evol 2017; 32:86-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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37
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Damgaard C, Reinholdt J, Palarasah Y, Enevold C, Nielsen C, Brimnes MK, Holmstrup P, Nielsen CH. In vitro complement activation, adherence to red blood cells and induction of mononuclear cell cytokine production by four strains of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans with different fimbriation and expression of leukotoxin. J Periodontal Res 2016; 52:485-496. [PMID: 27663487 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans has been proposed as pro-atherogenic, and complement-mediated adherence to red blood cells (RBCs) may facilitate its systemic spread. We investigated the ability of four strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans with differential expression of leukotoxin A (LtxA) and fimbriae to activate complement, adhere to RBCs and elicit cytokine responses by mononuclear cells (MNCs). MATERIAL AND METHODS Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotype b strains HK 921, HK 1651, HK 2092 and HK 2108 were fluorescence-labeled, incubated with human whole blood cells in the presence of autologous serum, and assessed for RBC adherence by flow cytometry and for capacity to induce cytokine production by cytometric bead array analysis. The levels of IgG to A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b were quantified by ELISA, as was consumption of complement. RESULTS The JP2 clone variants HK 1651 and, to a lesser extent, HK 2092, consumed complement efficiently, while HK 2108 (= strain Y4) consumed complement poorly. Nonetheless, the four tested strains adhered equally well to RBCs in the presence of autologous serum, without causing RBC lysis. The JP2 clone variant HK 2092, selectively lacking LtxA production, induced higher production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 by MNCs than did the other three strains, while the four strains induced similar production of IL-12p70. RBCs facilitated the HK 2092-induced production of TNF-α and IL-1β, and IL-6 was enhanced by RBCs, and this facilitation could be counteracted by blockade of complement receptor 3 (CD11b/CD18). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the JP2 clone of A. actinomycetemcomitans, most closely resembled by the variant HK 1651, activates complement well, while strain Y4, represented by HK 2108, activates complement poorly. However, all strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans adhere to RBCs and, when capable of producing LtxA, prevent production of inflammatory cytokines by MNCs. This "immunologically silent" immune adherence may facilitate systemic spread and atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Damgaard
- Section for Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Reinholdt
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Y Palarasah
- Unit for Thrombosis Research, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - C Enevold
- Section for Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - M K Brimnes
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Holmstrup
- Section for Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C H Nielsen
- Section for Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Belstrøm D, Jersie-Christensen RR, Lyon D, Damgaard C, Jensen LJ, Holmstrup P, Olsen JV. Metaproteomics of saliva identifies human protein markers specific for individuals with periodontitis and dental caries compared to orally healthy controls. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2433. [PMID: 27672500 PMCID: PMC5028799 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The composition of the salivary microbiota has been reported to differentiate between patients with periodontitis, dental caries and orally healthy individuals. To identify characteristics of diseased and healthy saliva we thus wanted to compare saliva metaproteomes from patients with periodontitis and dental caries to healthy individuals. Methods Stimulated saliva samples were collected from 10 patients with periodontitis, 10 patients with dental caries and 10 orally healthy individuals. The proteins in the saliva samples were subjected to denaturing buffer and digested enzymatically with LysC and trypsin. The resulting peptide mixtures were cleaned up by solid-phase extraction and separated online with 2 h gradients by nano-scale C18 reversed-phase chromatography connected to a mass spectrometer through an electrospray source. The eluting peptides were analyzed on a tandem mass spectrometer operated in data-dependent acquisition mode. Results We identified a total of 35,664 unique peptides from 4,161 different proteins, of which 1,946 and 2,090 were of bacterial and human origin, respectively. The human protein profiles displayed significant overexpression of the complement system and inflammatory markers in periodontitis and dental caries compared to healthy controls. Bacterial proteome profiles and functional annotation were very similar in health and disease. Conclusions Overexpression of proteins related to the complement system and inflammation seems to correlate with oral disease status. Similar bacterial proteomes in healthy and diseased individuals suggests that the salivary microbiota predominantly thrives in a planktonic state expressing no disease-associated characteristics of metabolic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Belstrøm
- Section of Periodontology and Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rosa R Jersie-Christensen
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Lyon
- Disease Systems Biology Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Damgaard
- Section of Periodontology and Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars J Jensen
- Disease Systems Biology Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Section of Periodontology and Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper V Olsen
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Koureas D, Arvanitidis C, Belbin L, Berendsohn W, Damgaard C, Groom Q, Güntsch A, Hagedorn G, Hardisty A, Hobern D, Marcer A, Mietchen D, Morse D, Obst M, Penev L, Pettersson L, Sierra S, Smith V, Vos R. Community engagement: The ‘last mile’ challenge for European research e-infrastructures. RIO 2016. [DOI: 10.3897/rio.2.e9933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Damgaard C, Kantarci A, Holmstrup P, Hasturk H, Nielsen CH, Van Dyke TE. Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced production of reactive oxygen species, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, CXCL8 and CCL2 by neutrophils from localized aggressive periodontitis and healthy donors: modulating actions of red blood cells and resolvin E1. J Periodontal Res 2016; 52:246-254. [PMID: 27146665 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Porphyromonas gingivalis is regarded as a significant contributor in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and certain systemic diseases, including atherosclerosis. P. gingivalis occasionally translocates from periodontal pockets into the circulation, where it adheres to red blood cells (RBCs). This may protect the bacterium from contact with circulating phagocytes without affecting its viability. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this in vitro study, we investigated whether human peripheral blood neutrophils from 10 subjects with localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP) and 10 healthy controls release the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8 (CXCL8; also known as IL-8) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2; also known as monocyte chemotactic protein-1) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to challenge with P. gingivalis. In addition, the impact of RBC interaction with P. gingivalis was investigated. The actions of resolvin E1 (RvE1), a known regulator of P. gingivalis induced neutrophil responses, on the cytokine and ROS responses elicited by P. gingivalis in cultures of neutrophils were investigated. RESULTS Upon stimulation with P. gingivalis, neutrophils from subjects with LAgP and healthy controls released similar quantities of IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL8, CCL2 and intracellular ROS. The presence of RBCs amplified the release of IL-6, TNF-α and CCL2 statistically significant in both groups, but reduced the generation of ROS in the group of healthy controls, and showed a similar tendency in the group of subjects with LAgP. RvE1 had no impact on the production of intracellular ROS, TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL2 by neutrophils from either group, but tended to reduce the generation of ROS in subjects with LAgP in the absence of RBCs. CONCLUSIONS Our data support that binding to RBCs protects P. gingivalis from ROS and concomitantly enhances neutrophil release of proinflammatory cytokines providing a selective advantage for P. gingivalis growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Damgaard
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Disease, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A Kantarci
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - P Holmstrup
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Hasturk
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - C H Nielsen
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Disease, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T E Van Dyke
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Palmer LJ, Damgaard C, Holmstrup P, Nielsen CH. Influence of complement on neutrophil extracellular trap release induced by bacteria. J Periodontal Res 2015; 51:70-6. [PMID: 25900429 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release has generally been studied in the absence of serum, or at low concentrations of untreated or heat-inactivated serum. The influence of serum complement on NET release therefore remains unclear. We examined the DNA release induced by Staphylococcus aureus and three oral bacteria: Actinomyces viscosus, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. vincettii. MATERIAL AND METHODS Bacteria-stimulated NET release from the neutrophils of healthy donors was measured fluorometrically. Various complement containing and complement blocking conditions were used, including heat inactivation of the serum and antibody blockade of complement receptors 1 (CR1, CD35) and 3 (CR3, CD11b/CD18). RESULTS While the presence of serum markedly enhanced NET release induced by S. aureus, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and to a lesser extent by A. viscosus, there was no enhancement of NET release induced by F. nucleatum. The serum-mediated enhancement of NET release by A. actinomycetemcomitans was neutralized by heat inactivation of serum complement, while this was not the case for S. aureus. Blockade of CR1, significantly reduced NET release induced by S. aureus, A. actinomycetemcomitans and A. viscosus, while blockade of CR3, had no effect. However, opsonization of S. aureus with antibodies may also have contributed to the enhancing effect of serum, independently of complement, in that purified IgG promoted NET release. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, complement opsonization promotes NET release induced by a variety of bacteria, including A. actinomycetemcomitans, and CR1 plays a dominant role in the process. Complement consumption or deficiency may compromise NETosis induced by some bacterial species, including A. actinomycetemcomitans. Within biofilms, the complement-inactivating abilities of some bacteria may protect other species against NETosis, while these are more vulnerable when adopting a planktonic lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Palmer
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Institute for Inflammation Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Damgaard
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Institute for Inflammation Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Holmstrup
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C H Nielsen
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Institute for Inflammation Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Damgaard C, Magnussen K, Enevold C, Nilsson M, Tolker-Nielsen T, Holmstrup P, Nielsen CH. Viable bacteria associated with red blood cells and plasma in freshly drawn blood donations. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120826. [PMID: 25751254 PMCID: PMC4353618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Infection remains a leading cause of post-transfusion mortality and morbidity. Bacterial contamination is, however, detected in less than 0.1% of blood units tested. The aim of the study was to identify viable bacteria in standard blood-pack units, with particular focus on bacteria from the oral cavity, and to determine the distribution of bacteria revealed in plasma and in the red blood cell (RBC)-fraction. Design Cross-sectional study. Blood were separated into plasma and RBC-suspensions, which were incubated anaerobically or aerobically for 7 days on trypticase soy blood agar (TSA) or blue lactose plates. For identification colony PCR was performed using primers targeting 16S rDNA. Setting Blood donors attending Capital Region Blood Bank, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Hvidovre, Denmark, October 29th to December 10th 2013. Participants 60 donors (≥50 years old), self-reported medically healthy. Results Bacterial growth was observed on plates inoculated with plasma or RBCs from 62% of the blood donations. Growth was evident in 21 (35%) of 60 RBC-fractions and in 32 (53%) of 60 plasma-fractions versus 8 of 60 negative controls (p = 0.005 and p = 2.6x10-6, respectively). Propionibacterium acnes was found in 23% of the donations, and Staphylococcus epidermidis in 38%. The majority of bacteria identified in the present study were either facultative anaerobic (59.5%) or anaerobic (27.8%) species, which are not likely to be detected during current routine screening. Conclusions Viable bacteria are present in blood from donors self-reported as medically healthy, indicating that conventional test systems employed by blood banks insufficiently detect bacteria in plasma. Further investigation is needed to determine whether routine testing for anaerobic bacteria and testing of RBC-fractions for adherent bacteria should be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Damgaard
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Karin Magnussen
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Blood Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Christian Enevold
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Nilsson
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tim Tolker-Nielsen
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Henrik Nielsen
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Timmermann A, Damgaard C, Strandberg MT, Svenning JC. Pervasive early 21st-century vegetation changes across Danish semi-natural ecosystems: more losers than winners and a shift towards competitive, tall-growing species. J Appl Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allan Timmermann
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity; Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University; Ny Munkegade 114 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
- Section for Plant and Insect Ecology; Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University; Vejlsøvej 25 DK-8600 Silkeborg Denmark
| | - Christian Damgaard
- Section for Plant and Insect Ecology; Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University; Vejlsøvej 25 DK-8600 Silkeborg Denmark
| | - Morten T. Strandberg
- Section for Plant and Insect Ecology; Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University; Vejlsøvej 25 DK-8600 Silkeborg Denmark
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity; Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University; Ny Munkegade 114 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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Schmidt SN, Holmstrup M, Damgaard C, Mayer P. Simultaneous control of phenanthrene and drought by dual exposure system: the degree of synergistic interactions in springtails was exposure dependent. Environ Sci Technol 2014; 48:9737-9744. [PMID: 24998522 DOI: 10.1021/es501331m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Organisms in the environment are exposed to multiple stressors. However, for terrestrial invertebrates, it remains difficult to study the effects of combined stressors under well-defined exposure conditions. Thus, the current study develops a new dual exposure system for the simultaneous and independent control of chemical and drought exposure in bioassays with terrestrial organisms: Passive dosing from silicone controlled the chemical activity of phenanthrene (chemical stress), while saline solutions controlled the water activity (drought stress) in the closed exposure system. The dual exposure system was then applied in a full factorial experiment with seven exposure levels (7(2)), which aimed at determining the combined effects of phenanthrene and drought on the survival of the terrestrial springtail Folsomia candida after 7 d exposure. Fitting an "independent action" model to the complete data set revealed statistically significant synergy between phenanthrene and drought (p < 0.0001). However, the degree of synergy was exposure dependent with some synergy at higher and only minor synergy at lower exposure levels. This emphasizes the need for taking exposure levels into account when extrapolating synergy observations from (eco)toxicological studies done at high exposure levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine N Schmidt
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University , Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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Damgaard C, Holmstrup P, Van Dyke TE, Nielsen CH. The complement system and its role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis: current concepts. J Periodontal Res 2014; 50:283-93. [PMID: 25040158 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a highly prevalent inflammatory disease in tooth supporting tissues, induced by bacteria growing in a biofilm on tooth surfaces. Components of the complement system are present in the periodontal tissue and the system is activated in periodontitis. Continuous complement activation and modulation by bacteria within the biofilm in periodontal pockets, however, may enhance local tissue destruction, providing the biofilm with both essential nutrients and space to grow. A more profound understanding of the mechanisms involved in complement-derived tissue degradation may facilitate the development of new treatment concepts for periodontitis. Further studies on the role of complement in periodontitis pathogenesis may also contribute to the understanding of why some individuals fail to resolve periodontitis. Here, we review evidence that links complement to the pathogenesis of periodontitis with an emphasis on interaction of complement with bacteria from periodontitis-associated biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Damgaard
- Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Institute for Inflammation Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Damgaard C, Strandberg B, Strandberg M, Aude E, Sørensen PB, Nielsen KE, Bruus M. Selection on plant traits in hedgerow ground vegetation: The effect of time since conversion from conventional to organic farming. Basic Appl Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Holmstrup M, Slotsbo S, Schmidt SN, Mayer P, Damgaard C, Sørensen JG. Physiological and molecular responses of springtails exposed to phenanthrene and drought. Environ Pollut 2014; 184:370-376. [PMID: 24095812 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Interaction between effects of hazardous chemicals in the environment and adverse climatic conditions is a problem that receives increased attention in the light of climate change. We studied interactive effects of phenanthrene and drought using a test system in which springtails (Folsomia candida Willem) were concurrently exposed to a sublethal phenanthrene level via passive dosing from silicone (chemical activity of 0.010), and sublethal drought from aqueous NaCl solutions (water activity of 0.988). Previous studies have shown that the combined effects of high levels of phenanthrene and drought, respectively, interact synergistically when using lethality as an end-point. Here, we hypothesized that phenanthrene interferes with physiological mechanisms involved in drought tolerance, and that drought influences detoxification of phenanthrene. However, this hypothesis was not supported by data since phenanthrene had no effect on drought-protective accumulation of myo-inositol, and normal water conserving mechanisms of F. candida were functioning despite the near-lethal concentrations of the toxicant. Further, detoxifying induction of cytochrome P450 and glutathione-S-transferase was not impeded by drought. Both phenanthrene and drought induced transcription of heat shock protein (hsp70) and the combined effect of the two stressors on hsp70 transcription was additive, suggesting that the cellular stress and lethality imposed by these levels of phenanthrene and drought were also additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Holmstrup
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, PO Box 314, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.
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Damgaard C, Strandberg M, Kristiansen SM, Nielsen KE, Bak JL. Is Erica tetralix abundance on wet heathlands controlled by nitrogen deposition or soil acidification? Environ Pollut 2014; 184:1-8. [PMID: 24012785 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Erica tetralix is the key species on NW European wet heathlands, where it is often found to be the dominating plant species. Consequently, it is of considerable concern that the species has decreased significantly in cover from 28% to 18% over a six-year period. In order to understand the underlying causes, a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was applied on ecological data from 1130 wet heathland plots. Both atmospheric N deposition and soil acidification were included in the SEM. The most important causal effect revealed by the SEM was a significant negative effect of N deposition on the cover of E. tetralix, whereas soil acidity tended to have a negative effect of relatively less importance. There was no significant effect of N deposition on soil pH, which indicates that there are no major indirect effects of N deposition on the cover of E. tetralix mediated by soil acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Damgaard
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.
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50
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Damgaard C, Strandberg B, Mathiassen SK, Kudsk P. The effect of glyphosate on the growth and competitive effect of perennial grass species in semi-natural grasslands. J Environ Sci Health B 2014; 49:897-908. [PMID: 25310805 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2014.951571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity within European semi-natural biotopes in agro-ecosystem is declining, and herbicide drift from neighbouring fields is considered as an important factor for the decline. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the growth and competitive interactions in a model system of two perennial grass species, Festuca ovina and Agrostis capillaris, are affected by sub-lethal doses of glyphosate in field margins. In a glasshouse experiment with ample nitrogen, the interspecific competitive interactions were found to be significantly affected by glyphosate; the competitive effect of F. ovina on A. capillaris increased and the competitive effect of A. capillaris on F. ovina decreased with increasing doses of glyphosate. Furthermore, the importance of interspecific competition increased with the glyphosate dose. The results of the study of competitive interactions are in agreement with the observed plant community dynamics at the field site where F. ovina was found to be more dominant in plots treated with a relatively high dose of glyphosate. Importantly, the effects of glyphosate on the plant community dynamics critically depended on the effect of glyphosate on the plant competitive interactions. The study concludes that the current practice in the environmental risk assessment of non-target effects of herbicides, where single species are tested in the greenhouse, may be inadequate for assessing the effect of herbicides in semi-natural plant communities. The presented methods can be used for assessing the importance of competitive interactions for the sensitivity of non-target plants to herbicides in risk assessment.
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