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Seier T, Zimmermann A, Bottini GB, Steiner C, Gaggl A, Fillies T, Brandtner C. Is it safe and rational to remove both lower third molars in one session? A randomised controlled trial to compare unilateral vs bilateral third molar extractions under local anaesthesia. Advances in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adoms.2022.100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Lux S, Mayr M, Schwaiger M, Edmondson SJ, Steiner C, Schachner P, Gaggl A. Nasolabial Appearance in 5-Year-Old Patients with Repaired Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: A Comparison of Two Different Techniques of Lip Repair. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102943. [PMID: 35629067 PMCID: PMC9144955 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Different surgical techniques are available to adequately correct the primary cleft lip deformity; however, when compared, none of these techniques have proven superior with regard to achieving optimal aesthetic results. Thus, the aim of this retrospective study was to assess the nasolabial appearance in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) at age five with reference to two techniques for primary cleft lip repair used in our service: Pfeifer’s wave-line procedure and Randall’s technique. A modified Asher–McDade Aesthetic Index was applied to appraise the nasolabial area by means of 2D photographs of non-syndromic five-year-old patients with a UCLP. In this context, three parameters were assessed: 1. nasal frontal view; 2. shape of the vermilion border and philtrum length; and 3. the nasolabial profile. Five professionals experienced in cleft care were asked to rate the photographs on two occasions. Overall, 53 patients were included in the final analysis, 28 of whom underwent lip repair according to Pfeifer; 25 were treated employing Randall’s technique. Statistically significant differences between the two techniques regarding philtrum length and vermilion border were found (p = 0.046). With reference to the other parameters assessed, no significant differences were determined. The results suggest that Randall’s cleft lip repair may allow for more accurate alignment of the vermilion border and more adequate correction of the cleft lip length discrepancy in comparison to Pfeifer’s wave-line technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Lux
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinic Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.L.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (P.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Matthias Mayr
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinic Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.L.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (P.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Michael Schwaiger
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-660-47-12-938
| | | | - Christoph Steiner
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinic Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.L.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (P.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Peter Schachner
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinic Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.L.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (P.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Alexander Gaggl
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinic Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.L.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (P.S.); (A.G.)
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Möller S, Banszerus L, Knothe A, Steiner C, Icking E, Trellenkamp S, Lentz F, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Glazman LI, Fal'ko VI, Volk C, Stampfer C. Probing Two-Electron Multiplets in Bilayer Graphene Quantum Dots. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:256802. [PMID: 35029428 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.256802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We report on finite bias spectroscopy measurements of the two-electron spectrum in a gate defined bilayer graphene (BLG) quantum dot for varying magnetic fields. The spin and valley degree of freedom in BLG give rise to multiplets of six orbital symmetric and ten orbital antisymmetric states. We find that orbital symmetric states are lower in energy and separated by ≈ 0.4-0.8 meV from orbital antisymmetric states. The symmetric multiplet exhibits an additional energy splitting of its six states of ≈ 0.15-0.5 meV due to lattice scale interactions. The experimental observations are supported by theoretical calculations, which allow to determine that intervalley scattering and "current-current" interaction constants are of the same magnitude in BLG.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Möller
- JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - L Banszerus
- JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - A Knothe
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - C Steiner
- JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - E Icking
- JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - S Trellenkamp
- Helmholtz Nano Facility, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - F Lentz
- Helmholtz Nano Facility, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - K Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - T Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - L I Glazman
- Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - V I Fal'ko
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - C Volk
- JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - C Stampfer
- JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52425, Germany
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Banszerus L, Möller S, Steiner C, Icking E, Trellenkamp S, Lentz F, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Volk C, Stampfer C. Spin-valley coupling in single-electron bilayer graphene quantum dots. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5250. [PMID: 34475394 PMCID: PMC8413270 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how the electron spin is coupled to orbital degrees of freedom, such as a valley degree of freedom in solid-state systems, is central to applications in spin-based electronics and quantum computation. Recent developments in the preparation of electrostatically-confined quantum dots in gapped bilayer graphene (BLG) enable to study the low-energy single-electron spectra in BLG quantum dots, which is crucial for potential spin and spin-valley qubit operations. Here, we present the observation of the spin-valley coupling in bilayer graphene quantum dots in the single-electron regime. By making use of highly-tunable double quantum dot devices we achieve an energy resolution allowing us to resolve the lifting of the fourfold spin and valley degeneracy by a Kane-Mele type spin-orbit coupling of ≈ 60 μeV. Furthermore, we find an upper limit of a potentially disorder-induced mixing of the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$K^{\prime}$$\end{document}K′ states below 20 μeV. Understanding the interaction between spin and valley degrees of freedom in graphene-based quantum dots underpins their applications in electronics and quantum information. Here, the authors study the low-energy spectrum and resolve the spin-valley coupling in single-electron quantum dots in bilayer graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Banszerus
- JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. .,Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - S Möller
- JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - C Steiner
- JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - E Icking
- JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - S Trellenkamp
- Helmholtz Nano Facility, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - F Lentz
- Helmholtz Nano Facility, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - K Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - T Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - C Volk
- JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - C Stampfer
- JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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Bottini GB, Gaggl A, Steiner C, Bürger HK. The fasciocutaneous iliotibial band perforator flap in soft tissue and tendon reconstruction of the foot: A case report. Microsurgery 2019; 40:395-398. [PMID: 31815312 PMCID: PMC7155005 DOI: 10.1002/micr.30545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In cases of large defects of the limbs, post‐traumatic deformity and disability can have devastating effects on patients' quality of life. The purpose of this report is to describe the technique for raising a fasciocutaneous iliotibial perforator flap and present its application in the reconstruction of a complex soft tissue defect of the foot. The patient was a 13‐year‐old male who had suffered a crush injury to the foot in a motor vehicle accident 5 years earlier. Due to retraction of the skin, together with the extensor tendons of the digits, the patient could not flex the digits II, III, IV, and V. To reconstruct the defect, the authors harvested a fasciocutaneous flap based on a perforator branch of the superior lateral genicular artery and accompanying veins. The immediate postoperative course was uneventful, with progressive and complete recovery of power and range of motion in the foot and knee within 6 weeks. Despite the tendency to form hypertrophic scars again, the functionality of the operated foot was excellent 29 months after the reconstruction. According to the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society scale, the patient scored 100 points on the midfoot section and 93 points on the section forefoot rays two to five. The iliotibial perforator flap could be a new tool for a state‐of‐the‐art functional reconstruction of soft tissues defects of the limbs and head and neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Battista Bottini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Centre for Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of the Private Medical University Paracelsus, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexander Gaggl
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Centre for Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of the Private Medical University Paracelsus, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christoph Steiner
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Centre for Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of the Private Medical University Paracelsus, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Heinz K Bürger
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Centre for Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of the Private Medical University Paracelsus, Salzburg, Austria
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Bottini G, Gaggl A, Steiner C, Brandtner C. A straightforward method to achieve dental class I occlusion in class II patients during bilateral sagittal split osteotomy: a technical note. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 57:1161-1162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Bottini GB, Brandtner C, Steiner C, Wittig J, Hartig F, List C, Gaggl A. Microvascular reconstruction and dental rehabilitation of benign severely atrophic jaws and defects of the alveolar ridge: our philosophy in 2019. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 57:151-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Bauer B, Blumesberger S, Kann B, Steiner C, Stumpf M, Wödl U. Kooperativer Bericht vom 107. Deutschen Bibliothekartag: „offen & vernetzt“ (Berlin, 12.–15. Juni 2018). Mitteilungen der VÖB 2018. [DOI: 10.31263/voebm.v71i3-4.2170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Der 107. Deutsche Bibliothekartag hat von 12. bis 15. Juni 2018 in Berlin stattgefunden. Das Motto der Konferenz, an der 4.050 Personen teilgenommen haben, lautete „offen und vernetzt“. Im vorliegenden kooperativen Bericht werden folgende Themen behandelt: maschinelle Indexierung, Langzeitarchivierung, Anforderungen an zukünftige Bibliotheksmanagementsysteme, Bibliotheksausbildung, Open Access, Forschungsdaten und Forschungsdatenmanagement, NS-Provenienzforschung und Qualitätsmanagement.
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Beiler C, Gratzl P, Schubert B, Steiner C, Steltzer R. Erschließungsarbeit in Alma – Erfahrungen aus dem OBV vor, während und nach der Aleph-Ablöse. Mitteilungen der VÖB 2018. [DOI: 10.31263/voebm.v71i2.2134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Der Artikel beschreibt die Implementierung des integrierten Bibliothekssystems Alma im Österreichischen Bibliothekenverbund aus Perspektive der Formal- und Sacherschließung. Neben den gemachten Erfahrungen im Zusammenhang mit dem Umstieg vom Vorgängersystem Aleph auf Alma wird besonderes Augenmerk auf die Alltagstauglichkeit des Produkts gelegt. Zum Abschluss wird die Situation des Arbeitsbereiches im Kontext zukünftiger Entwicklungen verortet.
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Häring V, Manka'abusi D, Akoto-Danso EK, Werner S, Atiah K, Steiner C, Lompo DJP, Adiku S, Buerkert A, Marschner B. Author Correction: Effects of biochar, waste water irrigation and fertilization on soil properties in West African urban agriculture. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29520085 PMCID: PMC5843632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22637-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Volker Häring
- Institute of Geography, Department for Soil Science and Soil Ecology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Delphine Manka'abusi
- Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, Universität Kassel, Steinstr. 19, D-37213, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Edmund K Akoto-Danso
- Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, Universität Kassel, Steinstr. 19, D-37213, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Steffen Werner
- Institute of Geography, Department for Soil Science and Soil Ecology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kofi Atiah
- Institute of Geography, Department for Soil Science and Soil Ecology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christoph Steiner
- Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, Universität Kassel, Steinstr. 19, D-37213, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Désiré J P Lompo
- Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, Universität Kassel, Steinstr. 19, D-37213, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Samuel Adiku
- Department of Soil Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Andreas Buerkert
- Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, Universität Kassel, Steinstr. 19, D-37213, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Bernd Marschner
- Institute of Geography, Department for Soil Science and Soil Ecology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
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Werner S, Kätzl K, Wichern M, Buerkert A, Steiner C, Marschner B. Agronomic benefits of biochar as a soil amendment after its use as waste water filtration medium. Environ Pollut 2018; 233:561-568. [PMID: 29102886 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In many water-scarce countries, waste water is used for irrigation which poses a health risk to farmers and consumers. At the same time, it delivers nutrients to the farming systems. In this study, we tested the hypotheses that biochar can be used as a filter medium for waste water treatment to reduce pathogen loads. At the same time, the biochar is becoming enriched with nutrients and therefore can act as a fertilizer for soil amendment. We used biochar as a filter medium for the filtration of raw waste water and compared the agronomic effects of this "filterchar" (FC) and the untreated biochar (BC) in a greenhouse pot trial on spring wheat biomass production on an acidic sandy soil from Niger. The biochar filter showed the same removal of pathogens as a common sand filter (1.4 log units on average). We did not observe a nutrient accumulation in FC compared to untreated BC. Instead, P, Mg and K were reduced during filtration while N content remained unchanged. Nevertheless, higher biomass (Triticum L. Spp.) production in BC (+72%) and FC (+37%) treatments (20 t ha-1), compared with the unamended control, were found. There were no significant differences in aboveground biomass production between BC and FC. Soil available P content was increased by BC (+106%) and FC (+52%) application. Besides, mineral nitrogen content was reduced in BC treated soil and to a lesser extent when FC was used. This may be explained by reduced sorption affinity for mineral nitrogen compounds on FC surfaces. Although the nutrients provided by FC decreased, due to leaching in the filter, it still yielded higher biomass than the unamended control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Werner
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Institute of Geography, Soil Science and Soil Ecology, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Korbinian Kätzl
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Institute of Urban Water Management and Environmental Engineering, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Marc Wichern
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Institute of Urban Water Management and Environmental Engineering, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Buerkert
- University of Kassel, Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics (OPATS), Steinstrasse 19, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Christoph Steiner
- University of Kassel, Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics (OPATS), Steinstrasse 19, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany.
| | - Bernd Marschner
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Institute of Geography, Soil Science and Soil Ecology, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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Bottini GB, Steiner C, Melchardt T, Gaggl A. Multiple myeloma of the mandibular condyle: a rare presentation. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 55:1046-1047. [PMID: 29122338 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G B Bottini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Paracelsus Private Medical University Hospital of Salzburg, Austria.
| | - C Steiner
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Paracelsus Private Medical University Hospital of Salzburg, Austria.
| | - T Melchardt
- Department of Internal Medicine III-Oncology, Paracelsus Private Medical University Hospital of Salzburg, Austria.
| | - A Gaggl
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Paracelsus Private Medical University Hospital of Salzburg, Austria.
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Roessler R, Amprako L, Sayibu A, Mohammed A, Menezes R, Hölscher D, Alenyorege B, Dei H, Steiner C. Effects of false yam tuber meals and charcoal on broiler chicken production and blood parameters. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v47i6.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Häring V, Manka'abusi D, Akoto-Danso EK, Werner S, Atiah K, Steiner C, Lompo DJP, Adiku S, Buerkert A, Marschner B. Effects of biochar, waste water irrigation and fertilization on soil properties in West African urban agriculture. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10738. [PMID: 28878251 PMCID: PMC5587607 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10718-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In large areas of sub-Saharan Africa crop production must cope with low soil fertility. To increase soil fertility, the application of biochar (charred biomass) has been suggested. In urban areas, untreated waste water is widely used for irrigation because it is a nutrient-rich year-round water source. Uncertainty exists regarding the interactions between soil properties, biochar, waste water and fertilization over time. The aims of this study were to determine these interactions in two typical sandy, soil organic carbon (SOC) and nutrient depleted soils under urban vegetable production in Tamale (Ghana) and Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) over two years. The addition of biochar at 2 kg m-2 made from rice husks and corn cobs initially doubled SOC stocks but SOC losses of 35% occurred thereafter. Both biochar types had no effect on soil pH, phosphorous availability and effective cation exchange capacity (CEC) but rice husk biochar retained nitrogen (N). Irrigation with domestic waste water increased soil pH and exchangeable sodium over time. Inorganic fertilization alone acidified soils, increased available phosphorous and decreased base saturation. Organic fertilization increased SOC, N and CEC. The results from both locations demonstrate that the effects of biochar and waste water were less pronounced than reported elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Häring
- Institute of Geography, Department for Soil Science and Soil Ecology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Delphine Manka'abusi
- Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, Universität Kassel, Steinstr. 19, D-37213, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Edmund K Akoto-Danso
- Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, Universität Kassel, Steinstr. 19, D-37213, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Steffen Werner
- Institute of Geography, Department for Soil Science and Soil Ecology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kofi Atiah
- Institute of Geography, Department for Soil Science and Soil Ecology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christoph Steiner
- Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, Universität Kassel, Steinstr. 19, D-37213, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Désiré J P Lompo
- Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, Universität Kassel, Steinstr. 19, D-37213, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Samuel Adiku
- Department of Soil Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Andreas Buerkert
- Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, Universität Kassel, Steinstr. 19, D-37213, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Bernd Marschner
- Institute of Geography, Department for Soil Science and Soil Ecology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
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Steiner C, Steurer MP, Mueller D, Zueger M, Dullenkopf A. Midazolam plasma concentration after anesthesia premedication in clinical routine - an observational study : Midazolam plasma concentration after anesthesia premedication. BMC Anesthesiol 2016; 16:105. [PMID: 27776488 PMCID: PMC5078941 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-016-0262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Midazolam is commonly used as a pre-anesthesia anxiolytic. It`s elimination may not be fast enough for short procedures. In orally premedicated patients we obtained midazolam plasma concentrations at the end of surgical procedures and compared those to concentrations at anesthesia induction. METHODS The study was conducted prospectively with consent of the local ethics committee (Ethikkomission Kanton Thurgau, Switzerland) and carried out with written informed consent of each patient. Female patients aged 20 to 60 years undergoing elective procedures with general anesthesia were included, and were divided in two groups according to the planned surgical time: group S (<30 min) and group L (90-120 min), respectively. All patients received 7.5 mg Midazolam po as premedication. Blood samples were drawn at anesthesia induction, and at the end of surgery. Data were compared with t-test (independent samples; significance level p <0.05). RESULTS Twenty-five patients per group were included. Four patients were excluded from analysis, since midazolam was not detectable in any samples. Time of premedication to the 1st blood sample was not statistically different between groups, neither were Midazolam plasma levels at this time point (p = 0.94). None of the patients from group L (n = 24), but five patients in group S (n = 22) did have a higher plasma level of Midazolam at the end of the case compared to the beginning. CONCLUSIONS The elimination half-life of oral Midazolam can lead to higher plasma levels at the end of a short procedure compared to those at induction of anesthesia. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register (Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien), DRKS00005429 ; date of registration 3rd January 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Steiner
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Postfach Pfaffenholzstr. 4, 8501, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M P Steurer
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - D Mueller
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Zueger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Spital Thurgau, Frauenfeld, Switzerland
| | - A Dullenkopf
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Postfach Pfaffenholzstr. 4, 8501, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Sorger C, Hertel S, Jobst J, Steiner C, Meil K, Ullmann K, Albert A, Wang Y, Krieger M, Ristein J, Maier S, Weber HB. Gateless patterning of epitaxial graphene by local intercalation. Nanotechnology 2015; 26:025302. [PMID: 25517943 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/2/025302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a technique to pattern the charge density of a large-area epitaxial graphene sheet locally without using metallic gates. Instead, local intercalation of the graphene-substrate interface can selectively be established in the vicinity of graphene edges or predefined voids. It provides changes of the work function of several hundred meV, corresponding to a conversion from n-type to p-type charge carriers. This assignment is supported by photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Hall effect measurements. The technique introduces materials contrast to a graphene sheet in a variety of geometries and thus allows for novel experiments and novel functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sorger
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Physik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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17
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Muter O, Berzins A, Strikauska S, Pugajeva I, Bartkevics V, Dobele G, Truu J, Truu M, Steiner C. The effects of woodchip- and straw-derived biochars on the persistence of the herbicide 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in soils. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2014; 109:93-100. [PMID: 25173744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Sorption and degradation are the primary processes controlling the efficacy and runoff contamination risk of agrochemicals. This study assessed the influence of two biochars, made from woodchips and straw at a pyrolysis temperature of 725°C and applied to a loamy sand and a sandy soil in the concentration of 5.3 g 100 g(-1) sandy soil and 4.1 g 100 g(-1) loamy sand soil, or 53 t ha(-1) for both soil types, on degradation of the herbicide 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA). Soils were spiked with 50 mg MCPA kg(-1) soil. In the sandy soil, significantly more MCPA remained after 100 days if amended with straw-derived biochar in comparison to wood-derived biochar. Both biochars types significantly increased urease activity (p<0.05) after 37 days in the loamy sand soil, but these differences disappeared after 100 days. A root and shoot elongation test demonstrated that the soils containing straw-derived biochar and spiked with MCPA, showed the highest phytotoxicity. Both biochars were found to retard MCPA degradation in loamy sand and sandy soils. This effect could not be explained only by sorption processes due to comparatively low developed micro/mesoporous structure of both biochars shown by BET surface analysis. However, an enhanced MCPA persistence and soil toxicity in sandy soil amended with straw biochar was observed and further studies are needed to reveal the responsible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Muter
- Institute of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University of Latvia, 4 Kronvalda Boulevard, Riga LV-1010, Latvia.
| | - Andrejs Berzins
- Institute of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University of Latvia, 4 Kronvalda Boulevard, Riga LV-1010, Latvia
| | - Silvija Strikauska
- Latvia University of Agriculture, 2 Liela Street, Jelgava LV-3001, Latvia
| | - Iveta Pugajeva
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", 3 Lejupes Street, Riga LV-1076, Latvia
| | - Vadims Bartkevics
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", 3 Lejupes Street, Riga LV-1076, Latvia
| | - Galina Dobele
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, 27 Dzerbenes Street, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Jaak Truu
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marika Truu
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Christoph Steiner
- BlackCarbon A/S, Barritskovvej 36, 7150 Barrit, Denmark; University of Kassel, Steintr. 19, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
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Karonitsch T, Dalwigk K, Holinka J, Sevelda F, Niederreiter B, Steiner C, Bilban M, Windhager R, Steiner G, Smolen J, Kiener H, Superti-Furga G. OP0284 Mtor Plays A Decisive Role in the Rheumatoid Mesenchymal Tissue Response to Inflammation. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Grossman P, Kappos L, Gensicke H, D'Souza M, Mohr DC, Penner IK, Steiner C. MS quality of life, depression, and fatigue improve after mindfulness training: a randomized trial. Neurology 2010; 75:1141-9. [PMID: 20876468 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181f4d80d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is often much reduced among individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), and incidences of depression, fatigue, and anxiety are high. We examined effects of a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) compared to usual care (UC) upon HRQOL, depression, and fatigue among adults with relapsing-remitting or secondary progressive MS. METHODS A total of 150 patients were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 76) or to UC (n = 74). MBI consisted of a structured 8-week program of mindfulness training. Assessments were made at baseline, postintervention, and 6 months follow-up. Primary outcomes included disease-specific and disease-aspecific HRQOL, depression, and fatigue. Anxiety, personal goal attainment, and adherence to homework were secondary outcomes. RESULTS Attrition was low in the intervention group (5%) and attendance rate high (92%). Employing intention-to-treat analysis, MBI, compared with UC, improved nonphysical dimensions of primary outcomes at postintervention and follow-up (p < 0.002); effect sizes, 0.4-0.9 posttreatment and 0.3-0.5 at follow-up. When analyses were repeated among subgroups with clinically relevant levels of preintervention depression, fatigue, or anxiety, postintervention and follow-up effects remained significant and effect sizes were larger than for the total sample. CONCLUSIONS In addition to evidence of improved HRQOL and well-being, these findings demonstrate broad feasibility and acceptance of, as well as satisfaction and adherence with, a program of mindfulness training for patients with MS. The results may also have treatment implications for other chronic disorders that diminish HRQOL. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This trial provides Class III evidence that MBI compared with UC improved HRQOL, fatigue, and depression up to 6 months postintervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Grossman
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 2, Basel, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Poultry litter (PL) is a potentially underused fertilizer because it contains appreciable amounts of N, P, K, and micronutrients. However, treatments like composting to reduce potential pathogens, weed seeds, and odor often result in high losses of N through NH3 volatilization. Biochar (BC) has been shown to act as an absorber of NH3 and water-soluble NH4+ and might therefore reduce losses of N during composting of manure. We produced three PL compost mixtures that consisted of PL without added BC (BCO), PL + 5% BC (BC5), and PL + 20% BC (BC20). The BC was produced from pine chips and used without further modifications. Three replicates of each treatment were placed in nine bioreactors to undergo composting for 42 d. The entire composting experiment was repeated three times in a complete-block design. Moisture content, temperature, pH, mass loss, gas (NH3, CO2, H2S) emissions, C, and nutrient contents were measured periodically throughout the experiments. Results showed no difference in PL mass loss with BC addition. Moisture content decreased, pH increased significantly, and peak CO2 and temperatures were significantly higher with BC20 compared with BC0. These results indicate a faster decomposition of PL if amended with BC. Ammonia concentrations in the emissions were lower by up to 64% if PL was mixed with BC (BC20), and total N losses were reduced by up to 52%. Biochar might be an ideal bulking agent for composting N-rich materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Steiner
- The Univ. of Georgia, Dep. of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Driftmier Engineering Center, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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James R, van Beurden E, Steiner C, Tyler C, Fardon K. The role of community educators in achieving Australian health goals: a public health approach to weight control on the North Coast, NSW. Community Health Stud 2010; 14:146-52. [PMID: 2208978 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.1990.tb00035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the recruitment, training and supervision of Community Educators for weight-control programs, reports the results they have achieved to date, and offers suggestions for improving similar programs. This material is discussed in relation to suggestions about nutrition published by the Better Health Commission.
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Affiliation(s)
- R James
- Heart Health Program, North Coast Health Region, Lismore
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Abstract
Atopic dermatitis as well as psoriasis are characterized as common, chronic, often long lasting disorders of the cutis. In case of (a) a refractory out-patient therapy, (b) an acute severe exacerbation of skin lesions, (c) functional impairment of hands and feet, (d) suberythroderma or erythroderma, (e) complex topical as well as systemic treatment modalities, (f) complicating somatic or psychological co-morbidity, a referral to in-patient treatment at high altitude must be considered. The therapy at the Hochgebirgsklinik Davos (1,560 m above sea level) is characterized by application of natural-borne UV radiation all year round, missing house dust mite allergen, massive reduction of pollens and mycotic spores, improvement of skin perfusion as well as a reduction in itching (as compared to low altitude regions). Last but not least, silence and distance from home and company may show benefits for psychological and cutaneous well-being the 24-hour daily presence of dermatology experts, a broad armamentarium of topical and systemic treatment modalities as well as wide range of up-to-date diagnostic and therapeutic tools have to be further mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Steiner
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Hochgebirgsklinik Davos, Davos Wolfgang.
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Vees H, Buchegger F, Khan H, Wissmeyer M, Steiner C, Ratib O, Miralbell R. Multiple Frame 18F-Fluorocholine or 11C-Acetate PET/CT Compared with Multi-modality MRI in Prostate Cancer Patients after Curative RT without Evidence of Relapse. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Reisinger J, Höllinger K, Lang W, Steiner C, Winter T, Winter A, Mori M, Lindorfer A, Kiblböck D, Siostrzonek P. Does early administration of selenium improve neurological outcome after cardiac arrest? Am J Emerg Med 2009; 27:176-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2008.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2007] [Revised: 01/20/2008] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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25
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Merrill C, Steiner C. Asthma Rates Soaring Among Adult and Pediatric Hospital Patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Steiner C, de Arruda MR, Teixeira WG, Zech W. Soil respiration curves as soil fertility indicators in perennial central Amazonian plantations treated with charcoal, and mineral or organic fertilisers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ts.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Coben J, Owens P, Steiner C, Crocco T. Disparities in the Management of Transient Ischemic Attack. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Reisinger J, Höllinger K, Lang W, Steiner C, Winter T, Zeindlhofer E, Mori M, Schiller A, Lindorfer A, Wiesinger K, Siostrzonek P. Prediction of neurological outcome after cardiopulmonary resuscitation by serial determination of serum neuron-specific enolase. Eur Heart J 2006; 28:52-8. [PMID: 17060343 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehl316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Data on the diagnostic accuracy of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) as marker of hypoxic brain damage are conflicting. The purpose of this prospective observational cohort study was to explore the prognostic value of serum NSE after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and to define the most sensitive cutoff value with a specificity of 100% for the prediction of persistent coma. METHODS AND RESULTS Serum NSE concentrations were serially determined in 227 consecutive unconscious patients after CPR who were classified according to the best Glasgow-Pittsburgh cerebral performance categories (CPC, 1-4) achieved within 6 months follow-up. Sixteen patients were excluded due to incomplete NSE data and 34 due to death under analgesia sedation. The prevalence of poor neurological outcome (persistent coma, CPC 4) in our 177 analysed patients was 33%. At a specificity of 100%, a peak NSE concentration above 80 ng/mL predicted persistent coma with a sensitivity of 63%, a positive predictive value of 100%, a negative predictive value of 84%, and a predictive accuracy of 88%. CONCLUSION A peak serum NSE concentration exceeding 80 ng/mL is a highly specific but only moderately sensitive marker for a poor neurological outcome after CPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Reisinger
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Krankenhaus Barmherzige Schwestern, Seilerstätte 4, 4010 Linz, Austria.
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Steiner C, Schönfeld B, van der Klis MMIP, Kostorz G, Willmott PR, Patterson B. Diffuse scattering of Pt-Rh in grazing incidence. Acta Crystallogr A 2005. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767305082553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Steiner C, Ehtesham N, Taylor KD, Sebald E, Cantor R, King LM, Guo X, Hang T, Hu MS, Cui JR, Friedman B, Norato D, Allanson J, Honeywell C, Mettler G, Field F, Lachman R, Cohn DH, Krakow D. A locus for spondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome at chromosome 3p14. J Med Genet 2004; 41:266-9. [PMID: 15060099 PMCID: PMC1735744 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2003.012252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Spondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterised by vertebral fusions, frequently manifesting as an unsegmented vertebral bar, as well as fusions of the carpal and tarsal bones. In a study of three consanguineous families and one non-consanguineous family, linkage analysis was used to establish the chromosomal location of the disease gene. Linkage analysis localised the disease gene to chromosome 3p14. A maximum lod score of 6.49 (q = 0) was obtained for the marker at locus D3S3532 on chromosome 3p. Recombination mapping narrowed the linked region to the 5.7 cM genetic interval between the markers at loci D3S3724 and D3S1300. A common region of homozygosity was found between the markers at loci D3S3724 and D3S1300, defining a physical interval of approximately 4 million base pairs likely to contain the disease gene. Identification of the gene responsible for this disorder will provide insight into the genes that play a role in the formation of the vertebral column and joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Steiner
- Medical Genetics Department, Medical Sciences School, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to determine whether healthcare providers' (HCPs') communication dealing with sun-protection (i.e., counseling) is associated with clients' skin-cancer-related prevention practices, detection self-efficacy, and knowledge. METHODS Secondary analysis of two surveys of 1,469 randomly sampled farmers and soccer participants from southeast and coastal Georgia. RESULTS Farmers and soccer participants who report ever having been counseled by a HCP about how to protect their skin from the sun report being more likely to wear sunscreen (P < 0.05), get clinical exams of their skin (P < 0.001), be certain that they can recognize unhealthy changes in their skin (P < 0.001), be certain that they know how to perform a skin exam (P < 0.001), and be knowledgeable about skin cancer prevention (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively); soccer participants are additionally more likely to wear protective headgear (P < 0.05) and perform monthly self-exams of their skin (P < 0.001). All analyses incorporated three control variables: participants' prior history of skin cancer, age, and non-HCP-derived skin-cancer awareness. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that HCPs' counseling can positively shape skin-cancer-related prevention practices, detection self-efficacy, and knowledge. Additional research is needed on HCPs' actual communication about skin cancer and sun protection and its influence on client outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Robinson
- Department of Communication Arts and Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Hassanein T, Oliver D, Stange J, Steiner C. Albumin dialysis in cirrhosis with superimposed acute liver injury: possible impact of albumin dialysis on hospitalization costs. Liver Int 2004; 23 Suppl 3:61-5. [PMID: 12950963 DOI: 10.1034/j.1478-3231.23.s.3.6.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Albumin dialysis using the Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System (MARS) has been found to be beneficial in the treatment of cirrhotic patients with acute decompensation to improve survival as well as reduce associated complications. The present study attempts to analyze the costs involved, and compare it to the benefit as a result of the MARS therapy, thus evaluating its cost-effectiveness. Using the results of a study by Kim et al. describing the effects of complications on the cost of hospitalization in alcoholic liver disease patients, the expenditure incurred in a group of 11 patients treated with standard medical therapy (five survivors) and a group of 12 patients treated with MARS in addition (11 survivors) (Heemann et al., Hepatology 2002) were analyzed. MARS resulted in a reduction of in-hospital deaths, as well as liver disease-related complications. Both these factors led to a substantial reduction of costs in the MARS group, which was enough to counterbalance the extra costs associated with extra-corporeal therapy. In the control group, the total hospitalization cost per survivor were calculated to be at $35,904. In the MARS group, the overall expenditure per survivor including standard medical therapy plus additional MARS liver support therapy were $32,036--a saving of nearly $4000 compared to the control group. Therefore, it appears that the benefits of MARS therapy are enough to justify the cost of treatment and safe hospital costs, at least in the described population. However, further studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hassanein
- UCSD Medical Center, West Arbor Drive 200, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
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Glei M, Matuschek M, Steiner C, Böhm V, Persin C, Pool-Zobel BL. Initial in vitro toxicity testing of functional foods rich in catechins and anthocyanins in human cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2003; 17:723-9. [PMID: 14599469 DOI: 10.1016/s0887-2333(03)00099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Functional foods need to be assessed for beneficial effects to support claims, but also for toxic effects. This report describes two examples of how complex food samples are initially characterized in human cells in vitro. Water extracts of green tea (GT) and black carrots (BC) were analyzed for key ingredients (catechins and anthocyanidins, respectively). Extracts, reconstituted mixtures of the major ingredients or individual compounds [(-)-epigallocatechin gallate or cyanidin, respectively] were evaluated in parallel using human colon cells (HT29 clone 19A). End points of cytotoxicity included determination of membrane integrity, proliferation inhibition, and genetic damage. Cells were pretreated with plant compounds at sub-toxic concentrations, and their resistance to toxicity of H2O2 was evaluated as a parameter of protection. The extracts reduced cell viability (BC) and cell growth (BC, GT) and caused DNA damage (BC, GT). They were more toxic than their key ingredients. Neither GT-samples nor BC protected against H2O2-induced DNA damage, whereas cyanidin did. In vitro analysis of extracts from functional foods firstly aims at defining the sub-toxic concentrations at which protective activities are then further characterized. It also allows comparing responses of complex samples and individual compounds, which is important since effects from protective food ingredients can be masked by accompanying toxic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Glei
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 25, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Roeser HA, Steiner C, Schreckenberger B, Block M. Structural development of the Jurassic Magnetic Quiet Zone off Morocco and identification of Middle Jurassic magnetic lineations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jb000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. A. Roeser
- Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe; Hannover Germany
| | | | | | - M. Block
- Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe; Hannover Germany
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Mavárez J, Steiner C, Pointier JP, Jarne P. Evolutionary history and phylogeography of the schistosome-vector freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences. Heredity (Edinb) 2002; 89:266-72. [PMID: 12242642 DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2002] [Accepted: 06/23/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The phylogeography of the freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata remains poorly known, although this species is the major vector of schistosomiasis in the New World. It was here investigated in South America and the Lesser Antilles, based on partial mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (16S rDNA) and nuclear internal transcribed spacer-2 (ITS-2) gene sequences. Sampling included 17 populations from a large part of the current geographic range of the species (Brazil, Venezuela and Lesser Antilles). Substantial variability was detected, as well as a high amount of phylogenetically informative signal. The molecular phylogeny inferred splits B. glabrata into Northern and Southern clades separated by the Amazon river, and may even suggest a supra-specific status for B. glabrata. Brazilian populations were the most diverse and appeared basal to the other populations. Venezuelan haplotypes formed a single clade, albeit not strongly supported. Two Venezuelan haplotypes appear rather similar to Brazilian haplotypes. Similarly, Lesser Antilles haplotypes clustered in the same monophyletic clade, which suggests that the recent colonisation of the Antilles has a northern South American origin. However, the estimated divergence time between Antilles and Venezuelan sequences is extremely large (conservatively higher than 10(5) years). These results are discussed in the light of (i) phylogeographic patterns at South American scale, and (ii) recurrent introduction of molluscs, especially in the Antilles, as a consequence of human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mavárez
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 05, France.
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Case C, Johantgen M, Steiner C. Outpatient mastectomy: clinical, payer, and geographic influences. Health Serv Res 2001; 36:869-84. [PMID: 11666108 PMCID: PMC1089265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine (1) the use of outpatient services for all surgical breast procedures for breast cancer and (2) the influence of payer and state on the use of outpatient services for complete mastectomy in light of state and federal length-of-stay managed care legislation. DATA SOURCES Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project representing all discharges from hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers for five states (Colorado, Connecticut, Maryland, New Jersey, and New York) and seven years (1990-96). STUDY DESIGN Longitudinal, cross-sectional analyses of all women undergoing inpatient and outpatient complete mastectomy (CMAS), subtotal mastectomy (STMAS), and lumpectomy (LUMP) for cancer were employed. Total age-adjusted rates and percentage of outpatient CMAS, STMAS, and LUMP were compared. Independent influence of state and HMO payer on likelihood of receiving an outpatient CMAS was determined from multivariate models, adjusting for clinical characteristics (age < 50 years, comorbidity, metastases, simple mastectomy, breast reconstruction) and hospital characteristics (teaching, ownership, urban). PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In 1993, 1 to 2 percent of CMASs were outpatient in all states. By 1996, 8 percent of CMASs were outpatient in Connecticut, 13 percent were outpatient in Maryland, and 22 percent were outpatient in Colorado. In comparison, LUMPs were 78 to 88 percent outpatient, and by 1996, 43 to 72 percent of STMASs were outpatient. In 1996, women were 30 percent more likely to receive an outpatient CMAS in New York, 2.5 times more likely in Connecticut, 4.7 times more likely in Maryland, and 8.6 times more likely in Colorado compared to New Jersey. In addition, women with Medicare, Medicaid, or private commercial insurance were less likely to receive an outpatient CMAS compared to women with an HMO payer. CONCLUSIONS LUMP is an outpatient procedure, and STMAS is becoming primarily outpatient. CMAS, while still primarily inpatient, is increasingly outpatient in some states. Although clinical characteristics remain important, the state in which a woman receives care and whether she has an HMO payer are strong determinants of whether she receives an outpatient CMAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Case
- Department of Internal Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jalan
- Institute of Hepatology, University College London Medical School, London, UK.
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38
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Steiner C, Stange J, Mitzner S, Schmidt R. Role of albumin for transport and distribution of protein bound substances between compartments. Z Gastroenterol 2001. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-919047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lane SD, Cibula DA, Milano LP, Shaw M, Bourgeois B, Schweitzer F, Steiner C, Dygert K, DeMott K, Wilson K, Gregg R, Webster N, Milton D, Aubry R, Novick LF. Racial and ethnic disparities in infant mortality: risk in social context. J Public Health Manag Pract 2001; 7:30-46. [PMID: 11338084 DOI: 10.1097/00124784-200107030-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This article presents the multifaceted efforts of Syracuse Healthy Start, a federally funded initiative of the Onondaga County Health Department and over 20 partnering agencies to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in infant mortality. The analyses presented in this article demonstrate that many women--Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic--have serious risks for low birth weight and infant death. In many cases, multiple, simultaneous risks complicate a pregnant woman's situation and in other cases the longitudinal cumulative risks impact health across generations. Infant mortality decreased overall, and for both Caucasian and African American infants during the first 3 years of the project.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Lane
- Onondaga County Health Department, Syracuse, New York, USA
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Steiner C, Sourrouille P, Catzeflis F. Molecular characterization and mitochondrial sequence variation in two sympatric species of Proechimys (Rodentia: Echimyidae) in French Guiana. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2000; 28:963-973. [PMID: 10996261 DOI: 10.1016/s0305-1978(00)00021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Variations in mitochondrial DNA characters were used to characterize two morphologically similar and sympatric species of Neotropical terrestrial rodents of the genus Proechimys (Mammalia: Echimyidae). We sequenced both cytochrome b (1140pb) and part of the control region (445pb) from four individuals of P. cuvieri and five of P. cayennensis from French Guiana, which allowed us to depict intra- and inter-specific patterns of variation. The phylogenetic relationships between the nine sequences evidence the monophyly of each species, and illustrate that more polymorphism might exist within P. cuvieri than within P. cayennensis. By developing species-specific primers to amplify a fragment of the cytochrome b gene, we were able to identify 50 individuals of Proechimys spp. caught in two localities of French Guiana. In both sites of primary rainforests, we showed that the two species live in syntopy, and this observation emphasizes the need to document ecological differences which should exist in order to diminish inter-specific competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Steiner
- Laboratoire de Paléontologie, Paléobiologie & Phylogénie, Université Montpellier 2, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR 5554 CNRS, Case Courrier 064, 34095 Montpellier, cedex, France
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Abstract
Stromelysin-3 (ST-3) is a protease frequently expressed by fibroblasts surrounding invasive carcinomas. Based on its expression in some cases of breast carcinoma-in-situ, it has been thought to indicate a higher likelihood for subsequent invasion in preinvasive lesions. Carcinoma-in-situ (pTis) and noninvasive papillary tumor (pTa) of the urinary bladder are preinvasive lesions with an uncertain potential to become invasive. We studied the expression of ST-3 in pTis, pTa, and invasive bladder tumors to see whether it had an association with any established histopathologic variables and whether its expression might be an indicator of incipient invasion in the preinvasive lesions. Twenty-seven pTis, 27 pTa tumors, and 56 invasive bladder carcinomas were studied for ST-3 expression with immunohistochemistry and, in selected cases, with in situ hybridization. Staining for ST-3 was evaluated semiquantitatively. None of 27 pTis lesions, 4 of 27 pTa tumors, and 41 of 56 (73.2%) invasive carcinomas were positive for ST-3. Statistically significant associations were found in the invasive carcinomas between ST-3 expression and lymphatic vessel invasion, an infiltrative invasive pattern, and invasion into at least the muscle layer (pT2,3,4 v pT1). The expression of ST-3 in frankly invasive tumors was associated with a more aggressive tumor phenotype. Its expression in a small subgroup of pTa lesions may be indirect evidence that some tumors diagnosed as pTa have invasive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mueller
- Department of Surgery and the Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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42
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Friedman B, Jee J, Steiner C, Bierman A. Tracking the State Children's Health Insurance Program with hospital data: national baselines, state variations, and some cautions. Med Care Res Rev 1999; 56:440-55. [PMID: 10589203 DOI: 10.1177/107755879905600403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
State and federal agencies are concerned with the impact of the State Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) on the health care of enrolled children. As part of a broad program evaluation, and at relatively low cost, analysts can track data on hospital admissions for ambulatory care sensitive (ACS) conditions. This article uses hospital data for 19 states to calculate baseline ACS rates and to discuss trends and cross-state variations just prior to the start of the CHIPs. A few cautions and limitations are discussed. An unexpected result in the exploration was a substantial increase in the rate of ACS admissions for self-pay and Medicaid-enrolled children during the period of 1990-1995. During that same period, the admission rate for other insured children fell by more than a third. The comparisons across states are meant to be illustrative; they do reveal a relationship between the rate of asthma admissions and the proportion of self-pay plus Medicaid-enrolled cases.
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Abstract
An Arabidopsis genomic sequence was recently shown to share similarity with bacterial and eukaryotic phosphate (Pi) transporters. We have cloned the corresponding cDNA, which we named Pht2;1, and subsequently performed gene expression studies and functional analysis of the protein product. The cDNA encodes a 61-kD protein with a putative topology of 12 transmembrane (TM) domains interrupted by a large hydrophilic loop between TM8 and TM9. Two boxes of eight and nine amino acids, located in the N- and C-terminal domains, respectively, are highly conserved among species across all kingdoms (eubacteria, archea, fungi, plants, and animals). The Pht2;1 gene is predominantly expressed in green tissue, the amount of transcript staying constant in leaves irrespective of the Pi status of the shoot; in roots, however, there is a marginal increase in mRNA amounts in response to Pi deprivation. Although the protein is highly similar to eukaryotic sodium-dependent Pi transporters, functional analysis of the Pht2;1 protein in mutant yeast cells indicates that it is a proton/Pi symporter dependent on the electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane. Its fairly high apparent K(m) for Pi (0.4 mM) and high mRNA content in the shoot, especially in leaves, suggest a role for shoot organs in Pi loading. Pht2;1 thus differs from members of the recently described plant Pi transporter family in primary structure, affinity for Pi, and presumed function.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Daram
- Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Institute of Plant Sciences, Experimental Station Eschikon 33, CH-8315 Lindau, Switzerland
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Daram P, Brunner S, Rausch C, Steiner C, Amrhein N, Bucher M. Pht2;1 encodes a low-affinity phosphate transporter from Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 1999; 11:2153-2166. [PMID: 10559441 DOI: 10.2307/3871016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An Arabidopsis genomic sequence was recently shown to share similarity with bacterial and eukaryotic phosphate (Pi) transporters. We have cloned the corresponding cDNA, which we named Pht2;1, and subsequently performed gene expression studies and functional analysis of the protein product. The cDNA encodes a 61-kD protein with a putative topology of 12 transmembrane (TM) domains interrupted by a large hydrophilic loop between TM8 and TM9. Two boxes of eight and nine amino acids, located in the N- and C-terminal domains, respectively, are highly conserved among species across all kingdoms (eubacteria, archea, fungi, plants, and animals). The Pht2;1 gene is predominantly expressed in green tissue, the amount of transcript staying constant in leaves irrespective of the Pi status of the shoot; in roots, however, there is a marginal increase in mRNA amounts in response to Pi deprivation. Although the protein is highly similar to eukaryotic sodium-dependent Pi transporters, functional analysis of the Pht2;1 protein in mutant yeast cells indicates that it is a proton/Pi symporter dependent on the electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane. Its fairly high apparent K(m) for Pi (0.4 mM) and high mRNA content in the shoot, especially in leaves, suggest a role for shoot organs in Pi loading. Pht2;1 thus differs from members of the recently described plant Pi transporter family in primary structure, affinity for Pi, and presumed function.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Daram
- Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Institute of Plant Sciences, Experimental Station Eschikon 33, CH-8315 Lindau, Switzerland
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Behrens O, Steiner C, Böhmer S, Mühlhaus K. [Efficacy of ultrasound screening in pregnancy]. Zentralbl Gynakol 1999; 121:228-32. [PMID: 10408074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of ultrasound screening in pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Therefore, it was registered whether fetal malformations in a study population of 11,172 deliveries were already diagnosed before birth. RESULTS 341 defects were found in 297 children from mothers who had had prenatal care. Most anomalies were seen in the urogenital tract (n = 98; 28.7%), the heart (n = 67; 19.6%), the connective tissue (n = 39; 11.4%), the gastrointestinal tract (n = 32; 9.4%), and in the central nervous system (n = 33; 9.7%). Chromosomal anomalies (n = 22; 6.5%) and orofacial defects (n = 21; 6.2%) were more rare. 8.8% of all defects were lethal, 37% severe. 237 (69.5%) were classified as "diagnosable by ultrasound prenatally". 125 of them (53%) were identified prenatally, with high rates of 71% in central nervous system, 65.5% in intestinal and 54% in urogenital tract, while the detection rate was only 13.6% in chromosomal and 3.3% in cardiac defects. Only 14.3% were found before 24 weeks of gestation. CONCLUSIONS Thus, the effectiveness of ultrasound screening has to be improved by adequate measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Behrens
- Frauenklinik Kreiskrankenhaus Rendsburg
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46
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Abstract
Long-term exposure to UV radiation and severe sunburns increase one's risk of experiencing malignant melanoma later in life, so parents need to be informed about how to protect children from overexposure to the sun. We attempted to determine readability of skin cancer brochures targeted toward parents of young children. SMOG and FOG readability formulas were applied to 8 brochures published by the American Cancer Society, Skin Cancer Foundation, American Academy of Dermatology, and the Anti-Cancer Council. Readability levels of the brochures ranged between the 8th and 12th grade levels. To reduce the incidence of skin cancer, sun-safe knowledge and behavior should start in childhood. Pediatricians need access to brochures written at readability levels for the average parent. Skin cancer brochures written at the eighth or ninth grade comprehension levels may allow pediatricians to educate more parents about the importance of skin cancer prevention in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Slaten
- University of Georgia, Athens 30602-1725, USA
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Parrott R, Duggan A, Cremo J, Eckles A, Jones K, Steiner C. Communicating about youth's sun exposure risk to soccer coaches and parents: a pilot study in Georgia. Health Educ Behav 1999; 26:385-95. [PMID: 10349575 DOI: 10.1177/109019819902600308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to increase the sun-protective behaviors of children were extended to outdoor recreational sports and youth soccer settings in this study. The pretest results of a pilot survey of coaches (n = 12), parents (n = 50), and youths (n = 61) on eight soccer teams in south Georgia were used to guide the development of a health education program for coaches. In the pilot programs, half the coaches were trained to be involved in soccer-playing youths' sun protection by acting as positive role models and promoting sun protection to youths and their parents. The pilot demonstrated coaches' willingness to participate in sun protection promotion to youth: Youths indicated that coaches and parents were more likely to tell youths to wear sunscreen after the training than before, and coaches perceived getting youths to wear sunscreen to be less difficult than before.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Parrott
- University of Georgia, Athens 30602-1725, USA.
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48
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Friedman B, Steiner C. Does managed care affect the supply and use of ICU services? Inquiry 1999; 36:68-77. [PMID: 10335312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper analyzes use of hospital intensive care units (ICUs) by adult patients who are under age 65 and not covered by Medicaid; it allows for variation in indicators of the patient's condition, severity of illness, type of admission, emergency status, and degree of constraint on the total hospital ICU supply. We use data for Massachusetts and Florida in 1992. In neither state is there a significant difference in ICU admission rates between managed care patients and other privately insured patients. In Massachusetts, we find that the length of stay in the ICU is somewhat less for managed care and uninsured patients than for other privately insured patients. In both states, a hospital's ratio of total annual supply of ICU services to expected demand has a strong effect. In Massachusetts, the differences across payer groups in length of stay disappear for hospitals where the total ICU supply is relatively constrained.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Friedman
- Center for Organization and Delivery Studies, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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Abstract
Occupational safety and health researchers seek to conduct effective cancer awareness campaigns to increase agricultural workers' skin cancer prevention and detection behaviors. Georgia undertook such a project using a social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1986) conceptual model, with its objectives focusing on personal determinants of and environmental influences on farmers' behavior. One underused strategy to increase the success of health campaigns, formative evaluation, was undertaken during year one of the demonstration project, with four goals. These included an assessment of: (1) the availability of societal resources to support farmers' practices, (2) the affordability for farmers to follow through with behaviors being promoted, (3) the social support for behaving in ways that reduce farmers' skin cancer risk, and (4) farmers' current knowledge, outcome expectations, and self-efficacy in this regard. Formative evaluation revealed an absence of information, products, services, and social support for farmers' skin cancer prevention and detection. As a result, the Georgia project's plan was refined to include specific activities aimed at increasing the environmental support for health promotion activities relating to farmers' skin cancer prevention and detection. These include a seminar for rural primary care physicians and public health nurses to increase knowledge and skills relating to conducting clinical skin exams; programs for agricultural extension agents, cotton scouts, and 4-H groups to provide opportunities to learn more about and practice sun safety; and a feed and seed store campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Parrott
- Speech Communication Department, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA
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Formenty P, Boesch C, Wyers M, Steiner C, Donati F, Dind F, Walker F, Le Guenno B. Ebola virus outbreak among wild chimpanzees living in a rain forest of Côte d'Ivoire. J Infect Dis 1999; 179 Suppl 1:S120-6. [PMID: 9988175 DOI: 10.1086/514296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
An outbreak of Ebola in nature is described for the first time. During a few weeks in November 1994, approximately 25% of 43 members of a wild chimpanzee community disappeared or were found dead in the Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire. A retrospective cohort study was done on the chimpanzee community. Laboratory procedures included histology, immunohistochemistry, bacteriology, and serology. Ebola-specific immunohistochemical staining was positive for autopsy tissue sections from 1 chimpanzee. Demographic, epidemiologic, and ecologic investigations were compatible with a point-source epidemic. Contact activities associated with a case (e.g., touching dead bodies or grooming) did not constitute significant risk factors, whereas consumption of meat did. The relative risk of meat consumption was 5.2 (95% confidence interval, 1.3-21.1). A similar outbreak occurred in November 1992 among the same community. A high mortality rate among apes tends to indicate that they are not the reservoir for the disease causing the illness. These points will have to be investigated by additional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Formenty
- World Health Organization (WHO) Taï Forest Project, and Centre Suisse de recherches scientifiques, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
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