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Angus DC, Derde L, Al-Beidh F, Annane D, Arabi Y, Beane A, van Bentum-Puijk W, Berry L, Bhimani Z, Bonten M, Bradbury C, Brunkhorst F, Buxton M, Buzgau A, Cheng AC, de Jong M, Detry M, Estcourt L, Fitzgerald M, Goossens H, Green C, Haniffa R, Higgins AM, Horvat C, Hullegie SJ, Kruger P, Lamontagne F, Lawler PR, Linstrum K, Litton E, Lorenzi E, Marshall J, McAuley D, McGlothin A, McGuinness S, McVerry B, Montgomery S, Mouncey P, Murthy S, Nichol A, Parke R, Parker J, Rowan K, Sanil A, Santos M, Saunders C, Seymour C, Turner A, van de Veerdonk F, Venkatesh B, Zarychanski R, Berry S, Lewis RJ, McArthur C, Webb SA, Gordon AC, Al-Beidh F, Angus D, Annane D, Arabi Y, van Bentum-Puijk W, Berry S, Beane A, Bhimani Z, Bonten M, Bradbury C, Brunkhorst F, Buxton M, Cheng A, De Jong M, Derde L, Estcourt L, Goossens H, Gordon A, Green C, Haniffa R, Lamontagne F, Lawler P, Litton E, Marshall J, McArthur C, McAuley D, McGuinness S, McVerry B, Montgomery S, Mouncey P, Murthy S, Nichol A, Parke R, Rowan K, Seymour C, Turner A, van de Veerdonk F, Webb S, Zarychanski R, Campbell L, Forbes A, Gattas D, Heritier S, Higgins L, Kruger P, Peake S, Presneill J, Seppelt I, Trapani T, Young P, Bagshaw S, Daneman N, Ferguson N, Misak C, Santos M, Hullegie S, Pletz M, Rohde G, Rowan K, Alexander B, Basile K, Girard T, Horvat C, Huang D, Linstrum K, Vates J, Beasley R, Fowler R, McGloughlin S, Morpeth S, Paterson D, Venkatesh B, Uyeki T, Baillie K, Duffy E, Fowler R, Hills T, Orr K, Patanwala A, Tong S, Netea M, Bihari S, Carrier M, Fergusson D, Goligher E, Haidar G, Hunt B, Kumar A, Laffan M, Lawless P, Lother S, McCallum P, Middeldopr S, McQuilten Z, Neal M, Pasi J, Schutgens R, Stanworth S, Turgeon A, Weissman A, Adhikari N, Anstey M, Brant E, de Man A, Lamonagne F, Masse MH, Udy A, Arnold D, Begin P, Charlewood R, Chasse M, Coyne M, Cooper J, Daly J, Gosbell I, Harvala-Simmonds H, Hills T, MacLennan S, Menon D, McDyer J, Pridee N, Roberts D, Shankar-Hari M, Thomas H, Tinmouth A, Triulzi D, Walsh T, Wood E, Calfee C, O’Kane C, Shyamsundar M, Sinha P, Thompson T, Young I, Bihari S, Hodgson C, Laffey J, McAuley D, Orford N, Neto A, Detry M, Fitzgerald M, Lewis R, McGlothlin A, Sanil A, Saunders C, Berry L, Lorenzi E, Miller E, Singh V, Zammit C, van Bentum Puijk W, Bouwman W, Mangindaan Y, Parker L, Peters S, Rietveld I, Raymakers K, Ganpat R, Brillinger N, Markgraf R, Ainscough K, Brickell K, Anjum A, Lane JB, Richards-Belle A, Saull M, Wiley D, Bion J, Connor J, Gates S, Manax V, van der Poll T, Reynolds J, van Beurden M, Effelaar E, Schotsman J, Boyd C, Harland C, Shearer A, Wren J, Clermont G, Garrard W, Kalchthaler K, King A, Ricketts D, Malakoutis S, Marroquin O, Music E, Quinn K, Cate H, Pearson K, Collins J, Hanson J, Williams P, Jackson S, Asghar A, Dyas S, Sutu M, Murphy S, Williamson D, Mguni N, Potter A, Porter D, Goodwin J, Rook C, Harrison S, Williams H, Campbell H, Lomme K, Williamson J, Sheffield J, van’t Hoff W, McCracken P, Young M, Board J, Mart E, Knott C, Smith J, Boschert C, Affleck J, Ramanan M, D’Souza R, Pateman K, Shakih A, Cheung W, Kol M, Wong H, Shah A, Wagh A, Simpson J, Duke G, Chan P, Cartner B, Hunter S, Laver R, Shrestha T, Regli A, Pellicano A, McCullough J, Tallott M, Kumar N, Panwar R, Brinkerhoff G, Koppen C, Cazzola F, Brain M, Mineall S, Fischer R, Biradar V, Soar N, White H, Estensen K, Morrison L, Smith J, Cooper M, Health M, Shehabi Y, Al-Bassam W, Hulley A, Whitehead C, Lowrey J, Gresha R, Walsham J, Meyer J, Harward M, Venz E, Williams P, Kurenda C, Smith K, Smith M, Garcia R, Barge D, Byrne D, Byrne K, Driscoll A, Fortune L, Janin P, Yarad E, Hammond N, Bass F, Ashelford A, Waterson S, Wedd S, McNamara R, Buhr H, Coles J, Schweikert S, Wibrow B, Rauniyar R, Myers E, Fysh E, Dawda A, Mevavala B, Litton E, Ferrier J, Nair P, Buscher H, Reynolds C, Santamaria J, Barbazza L, Homes J, Smith R, Murray L, Brailsford J, Forbes L, Maguire T, Mariappa V, Smith J, Simpson S, Maiden M, Bone A, Horton M, Salerno T, Sterba M, Geng W, Depuydt P, De Waele J, De Bus L, Fierens J, Bracke S, Reeve B, Dechert W, Chassé M, Carrier FM, Boumahni D, Benettaib F, Ghamraoui A, Bellemare D, Cloutier È, Francoeur C, Lamontagne F, D’Aragon F, Carbonneau E, Leblond J, Vazquez-Grande G, Marten N, Wilson M, Albert M, Serri K, Cavayas A, Duplaix M, Williams V, Rochwerg B, Karachi T, Oczkowski S, Centofanti J, Millen T, Duan E, Tsang J, Patterson L, English S, Watpool I, Porteous R, Miezitis S, McIntyre L, Brochard L, Burns K, Sandhu G, Khalid I, Binnie A, Powell E, McMillan A, Luk T, Aref N, Andric Z, Cviljevic S, Đimoti R, Zapalac M, Mirković G, Baršić B, Kutleša M, Kotarski V, Vujaklija Brajković A, Babel J, Sever H, Dragija L, Kušan I, Vaara S, Pettilä L, Heinonen J, Kuitunen A, Karlsson S, Vahtera A, Kiiski H, Ristimäki S, Azaiz A, Charron C, Godement M, Geri G, Vieillard-Baron A, Pourcine F, Monchi M, Luis D, Mercier R, Sagnier A, Verrier N, Caplin C, Siami S, Aparicio C, Vautier S, Jeblaoui A, Fartoukh M, Courtin L, Labbe V, Leparco C, Muller G, Nay MA, Kamel T, Benzekri D, Jacquier S, Mercier E, Chartier D, Salmon C, Dequin P, Schneider F, Morel G, L’Hotellier S, Badie J, Berdaguer FD, Malfroy S, Mezher C, Bourgoin C, Megarbane B, Voicu S, Deye N, Malissin I, Sutterlin L, Guitton C, Darreau C, Landais M, Chudeau N, Robert A, Moine P, Heming N, Maxime V, Bossard I, Nicholier TB, Colin G, Zinzoni V, Maquigneau N, Finn A, Kreß G, Hoff U, Friedrich Hinrichs C, Nee J, Pletz M, Hagel S, Ankert J, Kolanos S, Bloos F, Petros S, Pasieka B, Kunz K, Appelt P, Schütze B, Kluge S, Nierhaus A, Jarczak D, Roedl K, Weismann D, Frey A, Klinikum Neukölln V, Reill L, Distler M, Maselli A, Bélteczki J, Magyar I, Fazekas Á, Kovács S, Szőke V, Szigligeti G, Leszkoven J, Collins D, Breen P, Frohlich S, Whelan R, McNicholas B, Scully M, Casey S, Kernan M, Doran P, O’Dywer M, Smyth M, Hayes L, Hoiting O, Peters M, Rengers E, Evers M, Prinssen A, Bosch Ziekenhuis J, Simons K, Rozendaal W, Polderman F, de Jager P, Moviat M, Paling A, Salet A, Rademaker E, Peters AL, de Jonge E, Wigbers J, Guilder E, Butler M, Cowdrey KA, Newby L, Chen Y, Simmonds C, McConnochie R, Ritzema Carter J, Henderson S, Van Der Heyden K, Mehrtens J, Williams T, Kazemi A, Song R, Lai V, Girijadevi D, Everitt R, Russell R, Hacking D, Buehner U, Williams E, Browne T, Grimwade K, Goodson J, Keet O, Callender O, Martynoga R, Trask K, Butler A, Schischka L, Young C, Lesona E, Olatunji S, Robertson Y, José N, Amaro dos Santos Catorze T, de Lima Pereira TNA, Neves Pessoa LM, Castro Ferreira RM, Pereira Sousa Bastos JM, Aysel Florescu S, Stanciu D, Zaharia MF, Kosa AG, Codreanu D, Marabi Y, Al Qasim E, Moneer Hagazy M, Al Swaidan L, Arishi H, Muñoz-Bermúdez R, Marin-Corral J, Salazar Degracia A, Parrilla Gómez F, Mateo López MI, Rodriguez Fernandez J, Cárcel Fernández S, Carmona Flores R, León López R, de la Fuente Martos C, Allan A, Polgarova P, Farahi N, McWilliam S, Hawcutt D, Rad L, O’Malley L, Whitbread J, Kelsall O, Wild L, Thrush J, Wood H, Austin K, Donnelly A, Kelly M, O’Kane S, McClintock D, Warnock M, Johnston P, Gallagher LJ, Mc Goldrick C, Mc Master M, Strzelecka A, Jha R, Kalogirou M, Ellis C, Krishnamurthy V, Deelchand V, Silversides J, McGuigan P, Ward K, O’Neill A, Finn S, Phillips B, Mullan D, Oritz-Ruiz de Gordoa L, Thomas M, Sweet K, Grimmer L, Johnson R, Pinnell J, Robinson M, Gledhill L, Wood T, Morgan M, Cole J, Hill H, Davies M, Antcliffe D, Templeton M, Rojo R, Coghlan P, Smee J, Mackay E, Cort J, Whileman A, Spencer T, Spittle N, Kasipandian V, Patel A, Allibone S, Genetu RM, Ramali M, Ghosh A, Bamford P, London E, Cawley K, Faulkner M, Jeffrey H, Smith T, Brewer C, Gregory J, Limb J, Cowton A, O’Brien J, Nikitas N, Wells C, Lankester L, Pulletz M, Williams P, Birch J, Wiseman S, Horton S, Alegria A, Turki S, Elsefi T, Crisp N, Allen L, McCullagh I, Robinson P, Hays C, Babio-Galan M, Stevenson H, Khare D, Pinder M, Selvamoni S, Gopinath A, Pugh R, Menzies D, Mackay C, Allan E, Davies G, Puxty K, McCue C, Cathcart S, Hickey N, Ireland J, Yusuff H, Isgro G, Brightling C, Bourne M, Craner M, Watters M, Prout R, Davies L, Pegler S, Kyeremeh L, Arbane G, Wilson K, Gomm L, Francia F, Brett S, Sousa Arias S, Elin Hall R, Budd J, Small C, Birch J, Collins E, Henning J, Bonner S, Hugill K, Cirstea E, Wilkinson D, Karlikowski M, Sutherland H, Wilhelmsen E, Woods J, North J, Sundaran D, Hollos L, Coburn S, Walsh J, Turns M, Hopkins P, Smith J, Noble H, Depante MT, Clarey E, Laha S, Verlander M, Williams A, Huckle A, Hall A, Cooke J, Gardiner-Hill C, Maloney C, Qureshi H, Flint N, Nicholson S, Southin S, Nicholson A, Borgatta B, Turner-Bone I, Reddy A, Wilding L, Chamara Warnapura L, Agno Sathianathan R, Golden D, Hart C, Jones J, Bannard-Smith J, Henry J, Birchall K, Pomeroy F, Quayle R, Makowski A, Misztal B, Ahmed I, KyereDiabour T, Naiker K, Stewart R, Mwaura E, Mew L, Wren L, Willams F, Innes R, Doble P, Hutter J, Shovelton C, Plumb B, Szakmany T, Hamlyn V, Hawkins N, Lewis S, Dell A, Gopal S, Ganguly S, Smallwood A, Harris N, Metherell S, Lazaro JM, Newman T, Fletcher S, Nortje J, Fottrell-Gould D, Randell G, Zaman M, Elmahi E, Jones A, Hall K, Mills G, Ryalls K, Bowler H, Sall J, Bourne R, Borrill Z, Duncan T, Lamb T, Shaw J, Fox C, Moreno Cuesta J, Xavier K, Purohit D, Elhassan M, Bakthavatsalam D, Rowland M, Hutton P, Bashyal A, Davidson N, Hird C, Chhablani M, Phalod G, Kirkby A, Archer S, Netherton K, Reschreiter H, Camsooksai J, Patch S, Jenkins S, Pogson D, Rose S, Daly Z, Brimfield L, Claridge H, Parekh D, Bergin C, Bates M, Dasgin J, McGhee C, Sim M, Hay SK, Henderson S, Phull MK, Zaidi A, Pogreban T, Rosaroso LP, Harvey D, Lowe B, Meredith M, Ryan L, Hormis A, Walker R, Collier D, Kimpton S, Oakley S, Rooney K, Rodden N, Hughes E, Thomson N, McGlynn D, Walden A, Jacques N, Coles H, Tilney E, Vowell E, Schuster-Bruce M, Pitts S, Miln R, Purandare L, Vamplew L, Spivey M, Bean S, Burt K, Moore L, Day C, Gibson C, Gordon E, Zitter L, Keenan S, Baker E, Cherian S, Cutler S, Roynon-Reed A, Harrington K, Raithatha A, Bauchmuller K, Ahmad N, Grecu I, Trodd D, Martin J, Wrey Brown C, Arias AM, Craven T, Hope D, Singleton J, Clark S, Rae N, Welters I, Hamilton DO, Williams K, Waugh V, Shaw D, Puthucheary Z, Martin T, Santos F, Uddin R, Somerville A, Tatham KC, Jhanji S, Black E, Dela Rosa A, Howle R, Tully R, Drummond A, Dearden J, Philbin J, Munt S, Vuylsteke A, Chan C, Victor S, Matsa R, Gellamucho M, Creagh-Brown B, Tooley J, Montague L, De Beaux F, Bullman L, Kersiake I, Demetriou C, Mitchard S, Ramos L, White K, Donnison P, Johns M, Casey R, Mattocks L, Salisbury S, Dark P, Claxton A, McLachlan D, Slevin K, Lee S, Hulme J, Joseph S, Kinney F, Senya HJ, Oborska A, Kayani A, Hadebe B, Orath Prabakaran R, Nichols L, Thomas M, Worner R, Faulkner B, Gendall E, Hayes K, Hamilton-Davies C, Chan C, Mfuko C, Abbass H, Mandadapu V, Leaver S, Forton D, Patel K, Paramasivam E, Powell M, Gould R, Wilby E, Howcroft C, Banach D, Fernández de Pinedo Artaraz Z, Cabreros L, White I, Croft M, Holland N, Pereira R, Zaki A, Johnson D, Jackson M, Garrard H, Juhaz V, Roy A, Rostron A, Woods L, Cornell S, Pillai S, Harford R, Rees T, Ivatt H, Sundara Raman A, Davey M, Lee K, Barber R, Chablani M, Brohi F, Jagannathan V, Clark M, Purvis S, Wetherill B, Dushianthan A, Cusack R, de Courcy-Golder K, Smith S, Jackson S, Attwood B, Parsons P, Page V, Zhao XB, Oza D, Rhodes J, Anderson T, Morris S, Xia Le Tai C, Thomas A, Keen A, Digby S, Cowley N, Wild L, Southern D, Reddy H, Campbell A, Watkins C, Smuts S, Touma O, Barnes N, Alexander P, Felton T, Ferguson S, Sellers K, Bradley-Potts J, Yates D, Birkinshaw I, Kell K, Marshall N, Carr-Knott L, Summers C. Effect of Hydrocortisone on Mortality and Organ Support in Patients With Severe COVID-19: The REMAP-CAP COVID-19 Corticosteroid Domain Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2020. [PMID: 32876697 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.1702221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Evidence regarding corticosteroid use for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited. OBJECTIVE To determine whether hydrocortisone improves outcome for patients with severe COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS An ongoing adaptive platform trial testing multiple interventions within multiple therapeutic domains, for example, antiviral agents, corticosteroids, or immunoglobulin. Between March 9 and June 17, 2020, 614 adult patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled and randomized within at least 1 domain following admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) for respiratory or cardiovascular organ support at 121 sites in 8 countries. Of these, 403 were randomized to open-label interventions within the corticosteroid domain. The domain was halted after results from another trial were released. Follow-up ended August 12, 2020. INTERVENTIONS The corticosteroid domain randomized participants to a fixed 7-day course of intravenous hydrocortisone (50 mg or 100 mg every 6 hours) (n = 143), a shock-dependent course (50 mg every 6 hours when shock was clinically evident) (n = 152), or no hydrocortisone (n = 108). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary end point was organ support-free days (days alive and free of ICU-based respiratory or cardiovascular support) within 21 days, where patients who died were assigned -1 day. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model that included all patients enrolled with severe COVID-19, adjusting for age, sex, site, region, time, assignment to interventions within other domains, and domain and intervention eligibility. Superiority was defined as the posterior probability of an odds ratio greater than 1 (threshold for trial conclusion of superiority >99%). RESULTS After excluding 19 participants who withdrew consent, there were 384 patients (mean age, 60 years; 29% female) randomized to the fixed-dose (n = 137), shock-dependent (n = 146), and no (n = 101) hydrocortisone groups; 379 (99%) completed the study and were included in the analysis. The mean age for the 3 groups ranged between 59.5 and 60.4 years; most patients were male (range, 70.6%-71.5%); mean body mass index ranged between 29.7 and 30.9; and patients receiving mechanical ventilation ranged between 50.0% and 63.5%. For the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively, the median organ support-free days were 0 (IQR, -1 to 15), 0 (IQR, -1 to 13), and 0 (-1 to 11) days (composed of 30%, 26%, and 33% mortality rates and 11.5, 9.5, and 6 median organ support-free days among survivors). The median adjusted odds ratio and bayesian probability of superiority were 1.43 (95% credible interval, 0.91-2.27) and 93% for fixed-dose hydrocortisone, respectively, and were 1.22 (95% credible interval, 0.76-1.94) and 80% for shock-dependent hydrocortisone compared with no hydrocortisone. Serious adverse events were reported in 4 (3%), 5 (3%), and 1 (1%) patients in the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among patients with severe COVID-19, treatment with a 7-day fixed-dose course of hydrocortisone or shock-dependent dosing of hydrocortisone, compared with no hydrocortisone, resulted in 93% and 80% probabilities of superiority with regard to the odds of improvement in organ support-free days within 21 days. However, the trial was stopped early and no treatment strategy met prespecified criteria for statistical superiority, precluding definitive conclusions. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02735707.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek C Angus
- The Clinical Research Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- The UPMC Health System Office of Healthcare Innovation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lennie Derde
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Intensive Care Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Farah Al-Beidh
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Djillali Annane
- Intensive Care Unit, Raymond Poincaré Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Simone Veil School of Medicine, University of Versailles, Versailles, France
- University Paris Saclay, Garches, France
| | - Yaseen Arabi
- Intensive Care Department, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abigail Beane
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Wilma van Bentum-Puijk
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Zahra Bhimani
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc Bonten
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Bradbury
- Bristol Royal Informatory, Bristol, United Kingdom
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Brunkhorst
- Center for Clinical Studies and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Meredith Buxton
- Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, San Francisco, California
| | - Adrian Buzgau
- Helix, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Allen C Cheng
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Menno de Jong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lise Estcourt
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Transfusion Medicine, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Herman Goossens
- Department of Microbiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Cameron Green
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rashan Haniffa
- Network for Improving Critical Care Systems and Training, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alisa M Higgins
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Horvat
- The Clinical Research Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- The UPMC Health System Office of Healthcare Innovation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sebastiaan J Hullegie
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Kruger
- Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Patrick R Lawler
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelsey Linstrum
- The Clinical Research Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Edward Litton
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - John Marshall
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel McAuley
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | - Shay McGuinness
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Health Research Council of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bryan McVerry
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephanie Montgomery
- The Clinical Research Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- The UPMC Health System Office of Healthcare Innovation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul Mouncey
- Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre (ICNARC), London, United Kingdom
| | - Srinivas Murthy
- University of British Columbia School of Medicine, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alistair Nichol
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachael Parke
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Health Research Council of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Nursing, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jane Parker
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathryn Rowan
- Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre (ICNARC), London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marlene Santos
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Christopher Seymour
- The Clinical Research Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- The UPMC Health System Office of Healthcare Innovation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anne Turner
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Frank van de Veerdonk
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Balasubramanian Venkatesh
- Southside Clinical Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ryan Zarychanski
- Department of Medicine, Critical Care and Hematology/Medical Oncology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Roger J Lewis
- Berry Consultants LLC, Austin, Texas
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
- Department of Emergency Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Colin McArthur
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Steven A Webb
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- St John of God Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony C Gordon
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Angus DC, Derde L, Al-Beidh F, Annane D, Arabi Y, Beane A, van Bentum-Puijk W, Berry L, Bhimani Z, Bonten M, Bradbury C, Brunkhorst F, Buxton M, Buzgau A, Cheng AC, de Jong M, Detry M, Estcourt L, Fitzgerald M, Goossens H, Green C, Haniffa R, Higgins AM, Horvat C, Hullegie SJ, Kruger P, Lamontagne F, Lawler PR, Linstrum K, Litton E, Lorenzi E, Marshall J, McAuley D, McGlothin A, McGuinness S, McVerry B, Montgomery S, Mouncey P, Murthy S, Nichol A, Parke R, Parker J, Rowan K, Sanil A, Santos M, Saunders C, Seymour C, Turner A, van de Veerdonk F, Venkatesh B, Zarychanski R, Berry S, Lewis RJ, McArthur C, Webb SA, Gordon AC, Al-Beidh F, Angus D, Annane D, Arabi Y, van Bentum-Puijk W, Berry S, Beane A, Bhimani Z, Bonten M, Bradbury C, Brunkhorst F, Buxton M, Cheng A, De Jong M, Derde L, Estcourt L, Goossens H, Gordon A, Green C, Haniffa R, Lamontagne F, Lawler P, Litton E, Marshall J, McArthur C, McAuley D, McGuinness S, McVerry B, Montgomery S, Mouncey P, Murthy S, Nichol A, Parke R, Rowan K, Seymour C, Turner A, van de Veerdonk F, Webb S, Zarychanski R, Campbell L, Forbes A, Gattas D, Heritier S, Higgins L, Kruger P, Peake S, Presneill J, Seppelt I, Trapani T, Young P, Bagshaw S, Daneman N, Ferguson N, Misak C, Santos M, Hullegie S, Pletz M, Rohde G, Rowan K, Alexander B, Basile K, Girard T, Horvat C, Huang D, Linstrum K, Vates J, Beasley R, Fowler R, McGloughlin S, Morpeth S, Paterson D, Venkatesh B, Uyeki T, Baillie K, Duffy E, Fowler R, Hills T, Orr K, Patanwala A, Tong S, Netea M, Bihari S, Carrier M, Fergusson D, Goligher E, Haidar G, Hunt B, Kumar A, Laffan M, Lawless P, Lother S, McCallum P, Middeldopr S, McQuilten Z, Neal M, Pasi J, Schutgens R, Stanworth S, Turgeon A, Weissman A, Adhikari N, Anstey M, Brant E, de Man A, Lamonagne F, Masse MH, Udy A, Arnold D, Begin P, Charlewood R, Chasse M, Coyne M, Cooper J, Daly J, Gosbell I, Harvala-Simmonds H, Hills T, MacLennan S, Menon D, McDyer J, Pridee N, Roberts D, Shankar-Hari M, Thomas H, Tinmouth A, Triulzi D, Walsh T, Wood E, Calfee C, O’Kane C, Shyamsundar M, Sinha P, Thompson T, Young I, Bihari S, Hodgson C, Laffey J, McAuley D, Orford N, Neto A, Detry M, Fitzgerald M, Lewis R, McGlothlin A, Sanil A, Saunders C, Berry L, Lorenzi E, Miller E, Singh V, Zammit C, van Bentum Puijk W, Bouwman W, Mangindaan Y, Parker L, Peters S, Rietveld I, Raymakers K, Ganpat R, Brillinger N, Markgraf R, Ainscough K, Brickell K, Anjum A, Lane JB, Richards-Belle A, Saull M, Wiley D, Bion J, Connor J, Gates S, Manax V, van der Poll T, Reynolds J, van Beurden M, Effelaar E, Schotsman J, Boyd C, Harland C, Shearer A, Wren J, Clermont G, Garrard W, Kalchthaler K, King A, Ricketts D, Malakoutis S, Marroquin O, Music E, Quinn K, Cate H, Pearson K, Collins J, Hanson J, Williams P, Jackson S, Asghar A, Dyas S, Sutu M, Murphy S, Williamson D, Mguni N, Potter A, Porter D, Goodwin J, Rook C, Harrison S, Williams H, Campbell H, Lomme K, Williamson J, Sheffield J, van’t Hoff W, McCracken P, Young M, Board J, Mart E, Knott C, Smith J, Boschert C, Affleck J, Ramanan M, D’Souza R, Pateman K, Shakih A, Cheung W, Kol M, Wong H, Shah A, Wagh A, Simpson J, Duke G, Chan P, Cartner B, Hunter S, Laver R, Shrestha T, Regli A, Pellicano A, McCullough J, Tallott M, Kumar N, Panwar R, Brinkerhoff G, Koppen C, Cazzola F, Brain M, Mineall S, Fischer R, Biradar V, Soar N, White H, Estensen K, Morrison L, Smith J, Cooper M, Health M, Shehabi Y, Al-Bassam W, Hulley A, Whitehead C, Lowrey J, Gresha R, Walsham J, Meyer J, Harward M, Venz E, Williams P, Kurenda C, Smith K, Smith M, Garcia R, Barge D, Byrne D, Byrne K, Driscoll A, Fortune L, Janin P, Yarad E, Hammond N, Bass F, Ashelford A, Waterson S, Wedd S, McNamara R, Buhr H, Coles J, Schweikert S, Wibrow B, Rauniyar R, Myers E, Fysh E, Dawda A, Mevavala B, Litton E, Ferrier J, Nair P, Buscher H, Reynolds C, Santamaria J, Barbazza L, Homes J, Smith R, Murray L, Brailsford J, Forbes L, Maguire T, Mariappa V, Smith J, Simpson S, Maiden M, Bone A, Horton M, Salerno T, Sterba M, Geng W, Depuydt P, De Waele J, De Bus L, Fierens J, Bracke S, Reeve B, Dechert W, Chassé M, Carrier FM, Boumahni D, Benettaib F, Ghamraoui A, Bellemare D, Cloutier È, Francoeur C, Lamontagne F, D’Aragon F, Carbonneau E, Leblond J, Vazquez-Grande G, Marten N, Wilson M, Albert M, Serri K, Cavayas A, Duplaix M, Williams V, Rochwerg B, Karachi T, Oczkowski S, Centofanti J, Millen T, Duan E, Tsang J, Patterson L, English S, Watpool I, Porteous R, Miezitis S, McIntyre L, Brochard L, Burns K, Sandhu G, Khalid I, Binnie A, Powell E, McMillan A, Luk T, Aref N, Andric Z, Cviljevic S, Đimoti R, Zapalac M, Mirković G, Baršić B, Kutleša M, Kotarski V, Vujaklija Brajković A, Babel J, Sever H, Dragija L, Kušan I, Vaara S, Pettilä L, Heinonen J, Kuitunen A, Karlsson S, Vahtera A, Kiiski H, Ristimäki S, Azaiz A, Charron C, Godement M, Geri G, Vieillard-Baron A, Pourcine F, Monchi M, Luis D, Mercier R, Sagnier A, Verrier N, Caplin C, Siami S, Aparicio C, Vautier S, Jeblaoui A, Fartoukh M, Courtin L, Labbe V, Leparco C, Muller G, Nay MA, Kamel T, Benzekri D, Jacquier S, Mercier E, Chartier D, Salmon C, Dequin P, Schneider F, Morel G, L’Hotellier S, Badie J, Berdaguer FD, Malfroy S, Mezher C, Bourgoin C, Megarbane B, Voicu S, Deye N, Malissin I, Sutterlin L, Guitton C, Darreau C, Landais M, Chudeau N, Robert A, Moine P, Heming N, Maxime V, Bossard I, Nicholier TB, Colin G, Zinzoni V, Maquigneau N, Finn A, Kreß G, Hoff U, Friedrich Hinrichs C, Nee J, Pletz M, Hagel S, Ankert J, Kolanos S, Bloos F, Petros S, Pasieka B, Kunz K, Appelt P, Schütze B, Kluge S, Nierhaus A, Jarczak D, Roedl K, Weismann D, Frey A, Klinikum Neukölln V, Reill L, Distler M, Maselli A, Bélteczki J, Magyar I, Fazekas Á, Kovács S, Szőke V, Szigligeti G, Leszkoven J, Collins D, Breen P, Frohlich S, Whelan R, McNicholas B, Scully M, Casey S, Kernan M, Doran P, O’Dywer M, Smyth M, Hayes L, Hoiting O, Peters M, Rengers E, Evers M, Prinssen A, Bosch Ziekenhuis J, Simons K, Rozendaal W, Polderman F, de Jager P, Moviat M, Paling A, Salet A, Rademaker E, Peters AL, de Jonge E, Wigbers J, Guilder E, Butler M, Cowdrey KA, Newby L, Chen Y, Simmonds C, McConnochie R, Ritzema Carter J, Henderson S, Van Der Heyden K, Mehrtens J, Williams T, Kazemi A, Song R, Lai V, Girijadevi D, Everitt R, Russell R, Hacking D, Buehner U, Williams E, Browne T, Grimwade K, Goodson J, Keet O, Callender O, Martynoga R, Trask K, Butler A, Schischka L, Young C, Lesona E, Olatunji S, Robertson Y, José N, Amaro dos Santos Catorze T, de Lima Pereira TNA, Neves Pessoa LM, Castro Ferreira RM, Pereira Sousa Bastos JM, Aysel Florescu S, Stanciu D, Zaharia MF, Kosa AG, Codreanu D, Marabi Y, Al Qasim E, Moneer Hagazy M, Al Swaidan L, Arishi H, Muñoz-Bermúdez R, Marin-Corral J, Salazar Degracia A, Parrilla Gómez F, Mateo López MI, Rodriguez Fernandez J, Cárcel Fernández S, Carmona Flores R, León López R, de la Fuente Martos C, Allan A, Polgarova P, Farahi N, McWilliam S, Hawcutt D, Rad L, O’Malley L, Whitbread J, Kelsall O, Wild L, Thrush J, Wood H, Austin K, Donnelly A, Kelly M, O’Kane S, McClintock D, Warnock M, Johnston P, Gallagher LJ, Mc Goldrick C, Mc Master M, Strzelecka A, Jha R, Kalogirou M, Ellis C, Krishnamurthy V, Deelchand V, Silversides J, McGuigan P, Ward K, O’Neill A, Finn S, Phillips B, Mullan D, Oritz-Ruiz de Gordoa L, Thomas M, Sweet K, Grimmer L, Johnson R, Pinnell J, Robinson M, Gledhill L, Wood T, Morgan M, Cole J, Hill H, Davies M, Antcliffe D, Templeton M, Rojo R, Coghlan P, Smee J, Mackay E, Cort J, Whileman A, Spencer T, Spittle N, Kasipandian V, Patel A, Allibone S, Genetu RM, Ramali M, Ghosh A, Bamford P, London E, Cawley K, Faulkner M, Jeffrey H, Smith T, Brewer C, Gregory J, Limb J, Cowton A, O’Brien J, Nikitas N, Wells C, Lankester L, Pulletz M, Williams P, Birch J, Wiseman S, Horton S, Alegria A, Turki S, Elsefi T, Crisp N, Allen L, McCullagh I, Robinson P, Hays C, Babio-Galan M, Stevenson H, Khare D, Pinder M, Selvamoni S, Gopinath A, Pugh R, Menzies D, Mackay C, Allan E, Davies G, Puxty K, McCue C, Cathcart S, Hickey N, Ireland J, Yusuff H, Isgro G, Brightling C, Bourne M, Craner M, Watters M, Prout R, Davies L, Pegler S, Kyeremeh L, Arbane G, Wilson K, Gomm L, Francia F, Brett S, Sousa Arias S, Elin Hall R, Budd J, Small C, Birch J, Collins E, Henning J, Bonner S, Hugill K, Cirstea E, Wilkinson D, Karlikowski M, Sutherland H, Wilhelmsen E, Woods J, North J, Sundaran D, Hollos L, Coburn S, Walsh J, Turns M, Hopkins P, Smith J, Noble H, Depante MT, Clarey E, Laha S, Verlander M, Williams A, Huckle A, Hall A, Cooke J, Gardiner-Hill C, Maloney C, Qureshi H, Flint N, Nicholson S, Southin S, Nicholson A, Borgatta B, Turner-Bone I, Reddy A, Wilding L, Chamara Warnapura L, Agno Sathianathan R, Golden D, Hart C, Jones J, Bannard-Smith J, Henry J, Birchall K, Pomeroy F, Quayle R, Makowski A, Misztal B, Ahmed I, KyereDiabour T, Naiker K, Stewart R, Mwaura E, Mew L, Wren L, Willams F, Innes R, Doble P, Hutter J, Shovelton C, Plumb B, Szakmany T, Hamlyn V, Hawkins N, Lewis S, Dell A, Gopal S, Ganguly S, Smallwood A, Harris N, Metherell S, Lazaro JM, Newman T, Fletcher S, Nortje J, Fottrell-Gould D, Randell G, Zaman M, Elmahi E, Jones A, Hall K, Mills G, Ryalls K, Bowler H, Sall J, Bourne R, Borrill Z, Duncan T, Lamb T, Shaw J, Fox C, Moreno Cuesta J, Xavier K, Purohit D, Elhassan M, Bakthavatsalam D, Rowland M, Hutton P, Bashyal A, Davidson N, Hird C, Chhablani M, Phalod G, Kirkby A, Archer S, Netherton K, Reschreiter H, Camsooksai J, Patch S, Jenkins S, Pogson D, Rose S, Daly Z, Brimfield L, Claridge H, Parekh D, Bergin C, Bates M, Dasgin J, McGhee C, Sim M, Hay SK, Henderson S, Phull MK, Zaidi A, Pogreban T, Rosaroso LP, Harvey D, Lowe B, Meredith M, Ryan L, Hormis A, Walker R, Collier D, Kimpton S, Oakley S, Rooney K, Rodden N, Hughes E, Thomson N, McGlynn D, Walden A, Jacques N, Coles H, Tilney E, Vowell E, Schuster-Bruce M, Pitts S, Miln R, Purandare L, Vamplew L, Spivey M, Bean S, Burt K, Moore L, Day C, Gibson C, Gordon E, Zitter L, Keenan S, Baker E, Cherian S, Cutler S, Roynon-Reed A, Harrington K, Raithatha A, Bauchmuller K, Ahmad N, Grecu I, Trodd D, Martin J, Wrey Brown C, Arias AM, Craven T, Hope D, Singleton J, Clark S, Rae N, Welters I, Hamilton DO, Williams K, Waugh V, Shaw D, Puthucheary Z, Martin T, Santos F, Uddin R, Somerville A, Tatham KC, Jhanji S, Black E, Dela Rosa A, Howle R, Tully R, Drummond A, Dearden J, Philbin J, Munt S, Vuylsteke A, Chan C, Victor S, Matsa R, Gellamucho M, Creagh-Brown B, Tooley J, Montague L, De Beaux F, Bullman L, Kersiake I, Demetriou C, Mitchard S, Ramos L, White K, Donnison P, Johns M, Casey R, Mattocks L, Salisbury S, Dark P, Claxton A, McLachlan D, Slevin K, Lee S, Hulme J, Joseph S, Kinney F, Senya HJ, Oborska A, Kayani A, Hadebe B, Orath Prabakaran R, Nichols L, Thomas M, Worner R, Faulkner B, Gendall E, Hayes K, Hamilton-Davies C, Chan C, Mfuko C, Abbass H, Mandadapu V, Leaver S, Forton D, Patel K, Paramasivam E, Powell M, Gould R, Wilby E, Howcroft C, Banach D, Fernández de Pinedo Artaraz Z, Cabreros L, White I, Croft M, Holland N, Pereira R, Zaki A, Johnson D, Jackson M, Garrard H, Juhaz V, Roy A, Rostron A, Woods L, Cornell S, Pillai S, Harford R, Rees T, Ivatt H, Sundara Raman A, Davey M, Lee K, Barber R, Chablani M, Brohi F, Jagannathan V, Clark M, Purvis S, Wetherill B, Dushianthan A, Cusack R, de Courcy-Golder K, Smith S, Jackson S, Attwood B, Parsons P, Page V, Zhao XB, Oza D, Rhodes J, Anderson T, Morris S, Xia Le Tai C, Thomas A, Keen A, Digby S, Cowley N, Wild L, Southern D, Reddy H, Campbell A, Watkins C, Smuts S, Touma O, Barnes N, Alexander P, Felton T, Ferguson S, Sellers K, Bradley-Potts J, Yates D, Birkinshaw I, Kell K, Marshall N, Carr-Knott L, Summers C. Effect of Hydrocortisone on Mortality and Organ Support in Patients With Severe COVID-19: The REMAP-CAP COVID-19 Corticosteroid Domain Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2020; 324:1317-1329. [PMID: 32876697 PMCID: PMC7489418 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.17022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 542] [Impact Index Per Article: 135.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Evidence regarding corticosteroid use for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited. OBJECTIVE To determine whether hydrocortisone improves outcome for patients with severe COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS An ongoing adaptive platform trial testing multiple interventions within multiple therapeutic domains, for example, antiviral agents, corticosteroids, or immunoglobulin. Between March 9 and June 17, 2020, 614 adult patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled and randomized within at least 1 domain following admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) for respiratory or cardiovascular organ support at 121 sites in 8 countries. Of these, 403 were randomized to open-label interventions within the corticosteroid domain. The domain was halted after results from another trial were released. Follow-up ended August 12, 2020. INTERVENTIONS The corticosteroid domain randomized participants to a fixed 7-day course of intravenous hydrocortisone (50 mg or 100 mg every 6 hours) (n = 143), a shock-dependent course (50 mg every 6 hours when shock was clinically evident) (n = 152), or no hydrocortisone (n = 108). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary end point was organ support-free days (days alive and free of ICU-based respiratory or cardiovascular support) within 21 days, where patients who died were assigned -1 day. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model that included all patients enrolled with severe COVID-19, adjusting for age, sex, site, region, time, assignment to interventions within other domains, and domain and intervention eligibility. Superiority was defined as the posterior probability of an odds ratio greater than 1 (threshold for trial conclusion of superiority >99%). RESULTS After excluding 19 participants who withdrew consent, there were 384 patients (mean age, 60 years; 29% female) randomized to the fixed-dose (n = 137), shock-dependent (n = 146), and no (n = 101) hydrocortisone groups; 379 (99%) completed the study and were included in the analysis. The mean age for the 3 groups ranged between 59.5 and 60.4 years; most patients were male (range, 70.6%-71.5%); mean body mass index ranged between 29.7 and 30.9; and patients receiving mechanical ventilation ranged between 50.0% and 63.5%. For the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively, the median organ support-free days were 0 (IQR, -1 to 15), 0 (IQR, -1 to 13), and 0 (-1 to 11) days (composed of 30%, 26%, and 33% mortality rates and 11.5, 9.5, and 6 median organ support-free days among survivors). The median adjusted odds ratio and bayesian probability of superiority were 1.43 (95% credible interval, 0.91-2.27) and 93% for fixed-dose hydrocortisone, respectively, and were 1.22 (95% credible interval, 0.76-1.94) and 80% for shock-dependent hydrocortisone compared with no hydrocortisone. Serious adverse events were reported in 4 (3%), 5 (3%), and 1 (1%) patients in the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among patients with severe COVID-19, treatment with a 7-day fixed-dose course of hydrocortisone or shock-dependent dosing of hydrocortisone, compared with no hydrocortisone, resulted in 93% and 80% probabilities of superiority with regard to the odds of improvement in organ support-free days within 21 days. However, the trial was stopped early and no treatment strategy met prespecified criteria for statistical superiority, precluding definitive conclusions. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02735707.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek C Angus
- The Clinical Research Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- The UPMC Health System Office of Healthcare Innovation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lennie Derde
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Intensive Care Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Farah Al-Beidh
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Djillali Annane
- Intensive Care Unit, Raymond Poincaré Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Simone Veil School of Medicine, University of Versailles, Versailles, France
- University Paris Saclay, Garches, France
| | - Yaseen Arabi
- Intensive Care Department, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abigail Beane
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Wilma van Bentum-Puijk
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Zahra Bhimani
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc Bonten
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Bradbury
- Bristol Royal Informatory, Bristol, United Kingdom
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Brunkhorst
- Center for Clinical Studies and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Meredith Buxton
- Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, San Francisco, California
| | - Adrian Buzgau
- Helix, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Allen C Cheng
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Menno de Jong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lise Estcourt
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Transfusion Medicine, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Herman Goossens
- Department of Microbiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Cameron Green
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rashan Haniffa
- Network for Improving Critical Care Systems and Training, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alisa M Higgins
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Horvat
- The Clinical Research Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- The UPMC Health System Office of Healthcare Innovation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sebastiaan J Hullegie
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Kruger
- Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Patrick R Lawler
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelsey Linstrum
- The Clinical Research Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Edward Litton
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - John Marshall
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel McAuley
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | - Shay McGuinness
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Health Research Council of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bryan McVerry
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephanie Montgomery
- The Clinical Research Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- The UPMC Health System Office of Healthcare Innovation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul Mouncey
- Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre (ICNARC), London, United Kingdom
| | - Srinivas Murthy
- University of British Columbia School of Medicine, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alistair Nichol
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachael Parke
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Health Research Council of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Nursing, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jane Parker
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathryn Rowan
- Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre (ICNARC), London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marlene Santos
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Christopher Seymour
- The Clinical Research Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- The UPMC Health System Office of Healthcare Innovation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anne Turner
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Frank van de Veerdonk
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Balasubramanian Venkatesh
- Southside Clinical Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ryan Zarychanski
- Department of Medicine, Critical Care and Hematology/Medical Oncology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Roger J Lewis
- Berry Consultants LLC, Austin, Texas
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
- Department of Emergency Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Colin McArthur
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Steven A Webb
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- St John of God Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony C Gordon
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Stanworth SJ, Killick S, McQuilten ZK, Karakantza M, Weinkove R, Smethurst H, Pankhurst LA, Hodge RL, Hopkins V, Thomas HL, Deary AJ, Callum J, Lin Y, Wood EM, Buckstein R, Bowen D, Wallis L, Rabbi T, Serrano M, Williams R, Chacko J, Darlow J, Watson L, Earley K, Haas N, Woods L, Dimitriu C, Croft J, Carvalhosa A, Clarke C, Hickish T, Penny C, Sternberg A, Owen T, Parajes C, Meyer C, Dodge J, Meakin S, Lake D, Culligan D, Fletcher H, Forbes H, Johannesson N, Taylor G, Tomlinson J, Shaw A, Ratcliffe M, Lamacchia M, Vickers M, Duncan C, Untiveros P, Olaiya A, Tighe J, Preston G, Zaidi M, Lawrie A, Robertson C, Saadi H, Onyeakazi U, Radia R, Father T, Stainthorp K, Mc Connell S, Booth T, Langton C, Howcroft C, Saddiq I, Gupta ED, Byrne J, Lindsey‐Hill J, Badder D, Jones M, Pol R, Vyas P, Mead A, Peniket A, Bancroft R, Springett S, Yoganayagam S, Gray L, Friesen H, Wardle K, Murthy V, Pratt G, Kishore B, Mayer G, Nikolousis E, Smith N, Lovell R, Kartsios C, Ewing J, Lumley M, Khawaja J, Ali M, Sutton D, Murray D, Milligan D, Dhani S, O'Sullivan M, Whitehouse J, Schumacher A, Enstone R, Hardy A, Kelly M, Wallis J, Boal L, Davies M, Latter R, Wincup J, Ellis S, Poolan S, Birt M, Watts E, Charlton A, Forsyth H, Waring L, Twohig J, Marr H, Lennard A, Jones G, Menne T, Redding N, Jones S, Robinson K, Grand E, Cullis J, Collins F, Gamble L, Brown J, Tudgay S, Salisbury S, Mathew S, Tipler N, Parker T, Stobie E, Tribbeck M, Hebballi S, Millar C, Allotey D, Lala J, McGee N, Chmeil J, Hufton L, Dawson S, Weincove R, Smyth D, Buyck H, Hayden J, George A, Baluwala I, Wheeler M, Daysh L, Williams O, Millmow S, Miles R, Geller S, Blakemore M, Hargreaves A, Hayden G, Mo A, Van Dam M, Uhe M, Indran T, Wong J, Coughlin L, MacWhannell A, Beardsmore C, Lunn L, Pearson S, Shaw S, Parker J, Bowen A, Jones A, Player M. Red cell transfusion in outpatients with myelodysplastic syndromes: a feasibility and exploratory randomised trial. Br J Haematol 2020; 189:279-290. [PMID: 31960409 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Optimal red cell transfusion support in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) has not been tested and established. The aim of this study was to demonstrate feasibility of recruitment and follow-up in an outpatient setting with an exploratory assessment of quality of life (QoL) outcomes (EORTC QLQ-C30 and EQ-5D-5L). We randomised MDS patients to standardised transfusion algorithms comparing current restrictive transfusion thresholds (80 g/l, to maintain haemoglobin 85-100 g/l) with liberal thresholds (105 g/l, maintaining 110-125 g/l). The primary outcomes were measures of compliance to transfusion thresholds. Altogether 38 patients were randomised (n = 20 restrictive; n = 18 liberal) from 12 participating sites in UK, Australia and New Zealand. The compliance proportion for the intention-to-treat population was 86% (95% confidence interval 75-94%) and 99% (95-100%) for restrictive and liberal arms respectively. Mean pre-transfusion haemoglobin concentrations for restrictive and liberal arms were 80 g/l (SD6) and 97 g/l (SD7). The total number of red cell units transfused on study was 82 in the restrictive and 192 in the liberal arm. In an exploratory analysis, the five main QoL domains were improved for participants in the liberal compared to restrictive arm. Our findings support the feasibility and need for a definitive trial to evaluate the effect of different red cell transfusion thresholds on patient-centred outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J. Stanworth
- Oxford University Oxford United Kingdom
- The John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford GBR
- NHSBT Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Sally Killick
- The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Bournemouth United Kingdom
| | | | - Marina Karakantza
- Department of HaematologyLeeds Teaching Hospitals Leeds United Kingdom
| | - Robert Weinkove
- Wellington Blood & Cancer CentreCapital & Coast District Health Board Wellington New Zealand
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research Wellington New Zealand
| | - Heather Smethurst
- NHS Blood and Transplant Clinical Trials Unit Cambridge United Kingdom
| | | | - Renate L. Hodge
- NHS Blood and Transplant Clinical Trials Unit Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Valerie Hopkins
- NHS Blood and Transplant Clinical Trials Unit Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Helen L. Thomas
- NHS Blood and Transplant Clinical Trials Unit Bristol United Kingdom
| | - Alison J. Deary
- NHS Blood and Transplant Clinical Trials Unit Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Jeannie Callum
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular DiagnosticsSunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Yulia Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular DiagnosticsSunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Erica M. Wood
- Transfusion Research UnitMonash University Melbourne Australia
| | - Rena Buckstein
- Odette Cancer CentreSunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto ON Canada
| | - David Bowen
- Department of HaematologyLeeds Teaching Hospitals Leeds United Kingdom
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Howcroft C, Cook RG, Neild SA, Lowenberg MH, Cooper JE, Coetzee EB. On the geometrically exact low-order modelling of a flexible beam: formulation and numerical tests. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2018; 474:20180423. [PMID: 30220870 PMCID: PMC6127394 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2018.0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper proposes a low-order geometrically exact flexible beam formulation based on the utilization of generic beam shape functions to approximate distributed kinematic properties of the deformed structure. The proposed nonlinear beam shapes approach is in contrast to the majority of geometrically nonlinear treatments in the literature in which element-based—and hence high-order—discretizations are adopted. The kinematic quantities approximated specifically pertain to shear and extensional gradients as well as local orientation parameters based on an arbitrary set of globally referenced attitude parameters. In developing the dynamic equations of motion, an Euler angle parametrization is selected as it is found to yield fast computational performance. The resulting dynamic formulation is closed using an example shape function set satisfying the single generic kinematic constraint. The formulation is demonstrated via its application to the modelling of a series of static and dynamic test cases of both simple and non-prismatic structures; the simulated results are verified using MSC Nastran and an element-based intrinsic beam formulation. Through these examples, it is shown that the nonlinear beam shapes approach is able to accurately capture the beam behaviour with a very minimal number of system states.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Howcroft
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Bristol, Queen's Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK
| | - R G Cook
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Bristol, Queen's Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK
| | - S A Neild
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Bristol, Queen's Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK
| | - M H Lowenberg
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Bristol, Queen's Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK
| | - J E Cooper
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Bristol, Queen's Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK
| | - E B Coetzee
- Future Projects Office, Airbus Operations Ltd, Pegasus House, Bristol BS34 7PA, UK
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Adamson P, Ader C, Andrews M, Anfimov N, Anghel I, Arms K, Arrieta-Diaz E, Aurisano A, Ayres DS, Backhouse C, Baird M, Bambah BA, Bays K, Bernstein R, Betancourt M, Bhatnagar V, Bhuyan B, Bian J, Biery K, Blackburn T, Bocean V, Bogert D, Bolshakova A, Bowden M, Bower C, Broemmelsiek D, Bromberg C, Brunetti G, Bu X, Butkevich A, Capista D, Catano-Mur E, Chase TR, Childress S, Choudhary BC, Chowdhury B, Coan TE, Coelho JAB, Colo M, Cooper J, Corwin L, Cronin-Hennessy D, Cunningham A, Davies GS, Davies JP, Del Tutto M, Derwent PF, Deepthi KN, Demuth D, Desai S, Deuerling G, Devan A, Dey J, Dharmapalan R, Ding P, Dixon S, Djurcic Z, Dukes EC, Duyang H, Ehrlich R, Feldman GJ, Felt N, Fenyves EJ, Flumerfelt E, Foulkes S, Frank MJ, Freeman W, Gabrielyan M, Gallagher HR, Gebhard M, Ghosh T, Gilbert W, Giri A, Goadhouse S, Gomes RA, Goodenough L, Goodman MC, Grichine V, Grossman N, Group R, Grudzinski J, Guarino V, Guo B, Habig A, Handler T, Hartnell J, Hatcher R, Hatzikoutelis A, Heller K, Howcroft C, Huang J, Huang X, Hylen J, Ishitsuka M, Jediny F, Jensen C, Jensen D, Johnson C, Jostlein H, Kafka GK, Kamyshkov Y, Kasahara SMS, Kasetti S, Kephart K, Koizumi G, Kotelnikov S, Kourbanis I, Krahn Z, Kravtsov V, Kreymer A, Kulenberg C, Kumar A, Kutnink T, Kwarciancy R, Kwong J, Lang K, Lee A, Lee WM, Lee K, Lein S, Liu J, Lokajicek M, Lozier J, Lu Q, Lucas P, Luchuk S, Lukens P, Lukhanin G, Magill S, Maan K, Mann WA, Marshak ML, Martens M, Martincik J, Mason P, Matera K, Mathis M, Matveev V, Mayer N, McCluskey E, Mehdiyev R, Merritt H, Messier MD, Meyer H, Miao T, Michael D, Mikheyev SP, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Mohanta R, Moren A, Mualem L, Muether M, Mufson S, Musser J, Newman HB, Nelson JK, Niner E, Norman A, Nowak J, Oksuzian Y, Olshevskiy A, Oliver J, Olson T, Paley J, Pandey P, Para A, Patterson RB, Pawloski G, Pearson N, Perevalov D, Pershey D, Peterson E, Petti R, Phan-Budd S, Piccoli L, Pla-Dalmau A, Plunkett RK, Poling R, Potukuchi B, Psihas F, Pushka D, Qiu X, Raddatz N, Radovic A, Rameika RA, Ray R, Rebel B, Rechenmacher R, Reed B, Reilly R, Rocco D, Rodkin D, Ruddick K, Rusack R, Ryabov V, Sachdev K, Sahijpal S, Sahoo H, Samoylov O, Sanchez MC, Saoulidou N, Schlabach P, Schneps J, Schroeter R, Sepulveda-Quiroz J, Shanahan P, Sherwood B, Sheshukov A, Singh J, Singh V, Smith A, Smith D, Smolik J, Solomey N, Sotnikov A, Sousa A, Soustruznik K, Stenkin Y, Strait M, Suter L, Talaga RL, Tamsett MC, Tariq S, Tas P, Tesarek RJ, Thayyullathil RB, Thomsen K, Tian X, Tognini SC, Toner R, Trevor J, Tzanakos G, Urheim J, Vahle P, Valerio L, Vinton L, Vrba T, Waldron AV, Wang B, Wang Z, Weber A, Wehmann A, Whittington D, Wilcer N, Wildberger R, Wildman D, Williams K, Wojcicki SG, Wood K, Xiao M, Xin T, Yadav N, Yang S, Zadorozhnyy S, Zalesak J, Zamorano B, Zhao A, Zirnstein J, Zwaska R. First Measurement of Electron Neutrino Appearance in NOvA. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:151806. [PMID: 27127961 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.151806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report results from the first search for ν_{μ}→ν_{e} transitions by the NOvA experiment. In an exposure equivalent to 2.74×10^{20} protons on target in the upgraded NuMI beam at Fermilab, we observe 6 events in the Far Detector, compared to a background expectation of 0.99±0.11(syst) events based on the Near Detector measurement. A secondary analysis observes 11 events with a background of 1.07±0.14(syst). The 3.3σ excess of events observed in the primary analysis disfavors 0.1π<δ_{CP}<0.5π in the inverted mass hierarchy at the 90% C.L.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Adamson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Ader
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Andrews
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - N Anfimov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Joliot-Curie, 6 Dubna, Moscow Region 141980, Russia
| | - I Anghel
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - K Arms
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - E Arrieta-Diaz
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - A Aurisano
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - D S Ayres
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C Backhouse
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Baird
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - B A Bambah
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - K Bays
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Bernstein
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Betancourt
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - V Bhatnagar
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 106 014, India
| | - B Bhuyan
- Department of Physics, IIT Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
| | - J Bian
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - K Biery
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Blackburn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - V Bocean
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D Bogert
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Bolshakova
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Joliot-Curie, 6 Dubna, Moscow Region 141980, Russia
| | - M Bowden
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Bower
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - D Broemmelsiek
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Bromberg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - G Brunetti
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - X Bu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Butkevich
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 7a 60th October Anniversary Prospect, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - D Capista
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E Catano-Mur
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - T R Chase
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - S Childress
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B C Choudhary
- Department of Physics & Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - B Chowdhury
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - T E Coan
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - J A B Coelho
- Department of Physics and Astonomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - M Colo
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - J Cooper
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Corwin
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - D Cronin-Hennessy
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Cunningham
- Physics Department, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75083-0688, USA
| | - G S Davies
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - J P Davies
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - M Del Tutto
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P F Derwent
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K N Deepthi
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - D Demuth
- Math, Science and Technology Department, University of Minnesota-Crookston, Crookston, Minnesota 56716, USA
| | - S Desai
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - G Deuerling
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Devan
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - J Dey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R Dharmapalan
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - P Ding
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Dixon
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Z Djurcic
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - E C Dukes
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - H Duyang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - R Ehrlich
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - G J Feldman
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - N Felt
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - E J Fenyves
- Physics Department, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75083-0688, USA
| | - E Flumerfelt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, 1408 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - S Foulkes
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M J Frank
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - W Freeman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Gabrielyan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - H R Gallagher
- Department of Physics and Astonomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - M Gebhard
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - T Ghosh
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiánia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
| | - W Gilbert
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Giri
- Department of Physics, IIT Hyderabad, Hyderabad 502 205, India
| | - S Goadhouse
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - R A Gomes
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiánia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
| | - L Goodenough
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M C Goodman
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - V Grichine
- Nuclear Physics Department, Lebedev Physical Institute, Leninsky Prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - N Grossman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R Group
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - J Grudzinski
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - V Guarino
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - B Guo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - A Habig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA
| | - T Handler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, 1408 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J Hartnell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - R Hatcher
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Hatzikoutelis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, 1408 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - K Heller
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - C Howcroft
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Huang
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C1600, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - X Huang
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Hylen
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Ishitsuka
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - F Jediny
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - C Jensen
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D Jensen
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Johnson
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - H Jostlein
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G K Kafka
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Y Kamyshkov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, 1408 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - S M S Kasahara
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - S Kasetti
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - K Kephart
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Koizumi
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Kotelnikov
- Nuclear Physics Department, Lebedev Physical Institute, Leninsky Prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - I Kourbanis
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Z Krahn
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - V Kravtsov
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - A Kreymer
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Ch Kulenberg
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Joliot-Curie, 6 Dubna, Moscow Region 141980, Russia
| | - A Kumar
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 106 014, India
| | - T Kutnink
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - R Kwarciancy
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Kwong
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - K Lang
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C1600, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - A Lee
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W M Lee
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Lee
- Physics and Astronomy Department, UCLA, Box 951547, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - S Lein
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - J Liu
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - M Lokajicek
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Lozier
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Q Lu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Lucas
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Luchuk
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 7a 60th October Anniversary Prospect, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - P Lukens
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Lukhanin
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Magill
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - K Maan
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 106 014, India
| | - W A Mann
- Department of Physics and Astonomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - M L Marshak
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M Martens
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Martincik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - P Mason
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, 1408 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - K Matera
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Mathis
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - V Matveev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 7a 60th October Anniversary Prospect, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - N Mayer
- Department of Physics and Astonomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - E McCluskey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R Mehdiyev
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C1600, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - H Merritt
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - M D Messier
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - H Meyer
- Physics Division, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmout Street, Wichita, Kansas 67220, USA
| | - T Miao
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D Michael
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S P Mikheyev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 7a 60th October Anniversary Prospect, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - W H Miller
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - S R Mishra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - R Mohanta
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - A Moren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA
| | - L Mualem
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Muether
- Physics Division, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmout Street, Wichita, Kansas 67220, USA
| | - S Mufson
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - J Musser
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - H B Newman
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J K Nelson
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - E Niner
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - A Norman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Nowak
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Y Oksuzian
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - A Olshevskiy
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Joliot-Curie, 6 Dubna, Moscow Region 141980, Russia
| | - J Oliver
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - T Olson
- Department of Physics and Astonomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - J Paley
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Pandey
- Department of Physics & Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - A Para
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R B Patterson
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - G Pawloski
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - N Pearson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - D Perevalov
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D Pershey
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E Peterson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - R Petti
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - S Phan-Budd
- Department of Physics, Winona State University, P.O. Box 5838, Winona, Minnesota 55987, USA
| | - L Piccoli
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Pla-Dalmau
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R K Plunkett
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R Poling
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - B Potukuchi
- Department of Physics and Electronics, University of Jammu, Jammu Tawi, 180 006 Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - F Psihas
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - D Pushka
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - X Qiu
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - N Raddatz
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Radovic
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - R A Rameika
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R Ray
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B Rebel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R Rechenmacher
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B Reed
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - R Reilly
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D Rocco
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - D Rodkin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 7a 60th October Anniversary Prospect, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - K Ruddick
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - R Rusack
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - V Ryabov
- Nuclear Physics Department, Lebedev Physical Institute, Leninsky Prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - K Sachdev
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - S Sahijpal
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 106 014, India
| | - H Sahoo
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - O Samoylov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Joliot-Curie, 6 Dubna, Moscow Region 141980, Russia
| | - M C Sanchez
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - N Saoulidou
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Schlabach
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Schneps
- Department of Physics and Astonomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - R Schroeter
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - J Sepulveda-Quiroz
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - P Shanahan
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B Sherwood
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Sheshukov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Joliot-Curie, 6 Dubna, Moscow Region 141980, Russia
| | - J Singh
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 106 014, India
| | - V Singh
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - A Smith
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - D Smith
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - J Smolik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - N Solomey
- Physics Division, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmout Street, Wichita, Kansas 67220, USA
| | - A Sotnikov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Joliot-Curie, 6 Dubna, Moscow Region 141980, Russia
| | - A Sousa
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - K Soustruznik
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Y Stenkin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 7a 60th October Anniversary Prospect, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - M Strait
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - L Suter
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R L Talaga
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M C Tamsett
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - S Tariq
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Tas
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R J Tesarek
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R B Thayyullathil
- Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682 022, India
| | - K Thomsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA
| | - X Tian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - S C Tognini
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiánia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
| | - R Toner
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - J Trevor
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - G Tzanakos
- Department of Physics, University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - J Urheim
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - P Vahle
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - L Valerio
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Vinton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - T Vrba
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - A V Waldron
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - B Wang
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - A Weber
- Subdepartment of Particle Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - A Wehmann
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | | | - N Wilcer
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R Wildberger
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - D Wildman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Williams
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S G Wojcicki
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - K Wood
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Xiao
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Xin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - N Yadav
- Department of Physics, IIT Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
| | - S Yang
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - S Zadorozhnyy
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 7a 60th October Anniversary Prospect, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - J Zalesak
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - B Zamorano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - A Zhao
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Zirnstein
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - R Zwaska
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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Adamson P, Auty DJ, Ayres DS, Backhouse C, Barr G, Bishai M, Blake A, Bock GJ, Boehnlein DJ, Bogert D, Cao SV, Cavanaugh S, Cherdack D, Childress S, Choudhary BC, Coelho JAB, Coleman SJ, Corwin L, Cronin-Hennessy D, Danko IZ, de Jong JK, Devenish NE, Diwan MV, Dorman M, Escobar CO, Evans JJ, Falk E, Feldman GJ, Frohne MV, Gallagher HR, Gomes RA, Goodman MC, Gouffon P, Graf N, Gran R, Grant N, Grzelak K, Habig A, Hartnell J, Hatcher R, Himmel A, Holin A, Howcroft C, Huang X, Hylen J, Irwin GM, Isvan Z, Jaffe DE, James C, Jensen D, Kafka T, Kasahara SMS, Koizumi G, Kopp S, Kordosky M, Kreymer A, Lang K, Lefeuvre G, Ling J, Litchfield PJ, Loiacono L, Lucas P, Mann WA, Marshak ML, Mathis M, Mayer N, Mehdiyev R, Meier JR, Messier MD, Michael DG, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Mitchell J, Moore CD, Mualem L, Mufson S, Musser J, Naples D, Nelson JK, Newman HB, Nichol RJ, Nowak JA, Ochoa-Ricoux JP, Oliver WP, Orchanian M, Pahlka R, Paley J, Patterson RB, Pawloski G, Pearce GF, Phan-Budd S, Plunkett RK, Qiu X, Ratchford J, Rebel B, Rosenfeld C, Rubin HA, Sanchez MC, Schneps J, Schreckenberger A, Schreiner P, Sharma R, Sousa A, Strait M, Tagg N, Talaga RL, Tavera MA, Thomas J, Thomson MA, Tinti G, Toner R, Torretta D, Tzanakos G, Urheim J, Vahle P, Viren B, Walding JJ, Weber A, Webb RC, White C, Whitehead L, Wojcicki SG, Yang T, Zwaska R. Search for the disappearance of muon antineutrinos in the NuMI neutrino beam. Int J Clin Exp Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.84.071103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Adamson P, Andreopoulos C, Auty DJ, Ayres DS, Backhouse C, Barr G, Bishai M, Blake A, Bock GJ, Boehnlein DJ, Bogert D, Cavanaugh S, Cherdack D, Childress S, Choudhary BC, Coelho JAB, Coleman SJ, Corwin L, Cronin-Hennessy D, Danko IZ, de Jong JK, Devenish NE, Diwan MV, Dorman M, Escobar CO, Evans JJ, Falk E, Feldman GJ, Frohne MV, Gallagher HR, Gomes RA, Goodman MC, Gouffon P, Graf N, Gran R, Grant N, Grzelak K, Habig A, Harris D, Hartnell J, Hatcher R, Himmel A, Holin A, Howcroft C, Huang X, Hylen J, Ilic J, Irwin GM, Isvan Z, Jaffe DE, James C, Jensen D, Kafka T, Kasahara SMS, Koizumi G, Kopp S, Kordosky M, Kreymer A, Lang K, Lefeuvre G, Ling J, Litchfield PJ, Loiacono L, Lucas P, Mann WA, Marshak ML, Mayer N, McGowan AM, Mehdiyev R, Meier JR, Messier MD, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Mitchell J, Moore CD, Morfín J, Mualem L, Mufson S, Musser J, Naples D, Nelson JK, Newman HB, Nichol RJ, Nicholls TC, Nowak JA, Ochoa-Ricoux JP, Oliver WP, Orchanian M, Ospanov R, Paley J, Patterson RB, Pawloski G, Pearce GF, Petyt DA, Phan-Budd S, Plunkett RK, Qiu X, Ratchford J, Raufer TM, Rebel B, Rodrigues PA, Rosenfeld C, Rubin HA, Sanchez MC, Schneps J, Schreiner P, Shanahan P, Sousa A, Stamoulis P, Strait M, Tagg N, Talaga RL, Tetteh-Lartey E, Thomas J, Thomson MA, Tinti G, Toner R, Tzanakos G, Urheim J, Vahle P, Viren B, Weber A, Webb RC, White C, Whitehead L, Wojcicki SG, Yang T, Zwaska R. First direct observation of muon antineutrino disappearance. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:021801. [PMID: 21797594 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.021801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports the first direct observation of muon antineutrino disappearance. The MINOS experiment has taken data with an accelerator beam optimized for ν(μ) production, accumulating an exposure of 1.71 × 10²⁰ protons on target. In the Far Detector, 97 charged current ν(μ) events are observed. The no-oscillation hypothesis predicts 156 events and is excluded at 6.3σ. The best fit to oscillation yields |Δm²| = [3.36(-0.40)(+0.46)(stat) ± 0.06(syst)] × 10⁻³ eV², sin²(2θ) = 0.86(-0.12)(+0.11)(stat) ± 0.01(syst). The MINOS ν(μ) and ν(μ) measurements are consistent at the 2.0% confidence level, assuming identical underlying oscillation parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Adamson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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8
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Adamson P, Andreopoulos C, Arms KE, Armstrong R, Auty DJ, Ayres DS, Backhouse C, Barnes PD, Barr G, Barrett WL, Becker BR, Belias A, Bernstein RH, Betancourt M, Bhattacharya D, Bishai M, Blake A, Bock GJ, Boehm J, Boehnlein DJ, Bogert D, Bower C, Cavanaugh S, Chapman JD, Cherdack D, Childress S, Choudhary BC, Cobb JH, Coelho JAB, Coleman SJ, Cronin-Hennessy D, Culling AJ, Danko IZ, de Jong JK, Devenish NE, Diwan MV, Dorman M, Erwin AR, Escobar CO, Evans JJ, Falk E, Feldman GJ, Frohne MV, Gallagher HR, Godley A, Goodman MC, Gouffon P, Gran R, Grashorn EW, Grzelak K, Habig A, Harris D, Harris PG, Hartnell J, Hatcher R, Heller K, Himmel A, Holin A, Howcroft C, Huang X, Hylen J, Irwin GM, Isvan Z, Jaffe DE, James C, Jensen D, Kafka T, Kasahara SMS, Koizumi G, Kopp S, Kordosky M, Koskinen DJ, Krahn Z, Kreymer A, Lang K, Ling J, Litchfield PJ, Litchfield RP, Loiacono L, Lucas P, Ma J, Mann WA, Marshak ML, Marshall JS, Mayer N, McGowan AM, Mehdiyev R, Meier JR, Messier MD, Metelko CJ, Michael DG, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Mitchell J, Moore CD, Morfín J, Mualem L, Mufson S, Musser J, Naples D, Nelson JK, Newman HB, Nichol RJ, Nicholls TC, Ochoa-Ricoux JP, Oliver WP, Ospanov R, Paley J, Para A, Patterson RB, Patzak T, Pavlović Z, Pawloski G, Pearce GF, Petyt DA, Pittam R, Plunkett RK, Rahaman A, Rameika RA, Raufer TM, Rebel B, Reichenbacher J, Rodrigues PA, Rosenfeld C, Rubin HA, Ryabov VA, Sanchez MC, Saoulidou N, Schneps J, Schreiner P, Shanahan P, Smart W, Smith C, Sousa A, Speakman B, Stamoulis P, Strait M, Tagg N, Talaga RL, Thomas J, Thomson MA, Thron JL, Tinti G, Toner R, Tsarev VA, Tzanakos G, Urheim J, Vahle P, Viren B, Ward DR, Watabe M, Weber A, Webb RC, West N, White C, Whitehead L, Wojcicki SG, Wright DM, Yang T, Zhang K, Zheng H, Zois M, Zwaska R. Search for muon-neutrino to electron-neutrino transitions in MINOS. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:261802. [PMID: 20366304 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.261802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports on a search for nu(mu) --> nu(e) transitions by the MINOS experiment based on a 3.14x10(20) protons-on-target exposure in the Fermilab NuMI beam. We observe 35 events in the Far Detector with a background of 27+/-5(stat)+/-2(syst) events predicted by the measurements in the Near Detector. If interpreted in terms of nu(mu) --> nu(e) oscillations, this 1.5sigma excess of events is consistent with sin2(2theta(13)) comparable to the CHOOZ limit when |Delta m2|=2.43x10(-3) eV2 and sin2(2theta(23))=1.0 are assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Adamson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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9
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Michael DG, Adamson P, Alexopoulos T, Allison WWM, Alner GJ, Anderson K, Andreopoulos C, Andrews M, Andrews R, Arms KE, Armstrong R, Arroyo C, Auty DJ, Avvakumov S, Ayres DS, Baller B, Barish B, Barker MA, Barnes PD, Barr G, Barrett WL, Beall E, Becker BR, Belias A, Bergfeld T, Bernstein RH, Bhattacharya D, Bishai M, Blake A, Bocean V, Bock B, Bock GJ, Boehm J, Boehnlein DJ, Bogert D, Border PM, Bower C, Boyd S, Buckley-Geer E, Bungau C, Byon-Wagner A, Cabrera A, Chapman JD, Chase TR, Cherdack D, Chernichenko SK, Childress S, Choudhary BC, Cobb JH, Cossairt JD, Courant H, Crane DA, Culling AJ, Dawson JW, de Jong JK, DeMuth DM, De Santo A, Dierckxsens M, Diwan MV, Dorman M, Drake G, Drakoulakos D, Ducar R, Durkin T, Erwin AR, Escobar CO, Evans JJ, Fackler OD, Falk Harris E, Feldman GJ, Felt N, Fields TH, Ford R, Frohne MV, Gallagher HR, Gebhard M, Giurgiu GA, Godley A, Gogos J, Goodman MC, Gornushkin Y, Gouffon P, Gran R, Grashorn E, Grossman N, Grudzinski JJ, Grzelak K, Guarino V, Habig A, Halsall R, Hanson J, Harris D, Harris PG, Hartnell J, Hartouni EP, Hatcher R, Heller K, Hill N, Ho Y, Holin A, Howcroft C, Hylen J, Ignatenko M, Indurthy D, Irwin GM, Ishitsuka M, Jaffe DE, James C, Jenner L, Jensen D, Joffe-Minor T, Kafka T, Kang HJ, Kasahara SMS, Kilmer J, Kim H, Kim MS, Koizumi G, Kopp S, Kordosky M, Koskinen DJ, Kostin M, Kotelnikov SK, Krakauer DA, Kreymer A, Kumaratunga S, Ladran AS, Lang K, Laughton C, Lebedev A, Lee R, Lee WY, Libkind MA, Ling J, Liu J, Litchfield PJ, Litchfield RP, Longley NP, Lucas P, Luebke W, Madani S, Maher E, Makeev V, Mann WA, Marchionni A, Marino AD, Marshak ML, Marshall JS, Mayer N, McDonald J, McGowan AM, Meier JR, Merzon GI, Messier MD, Milburn RH, Miller JL, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Mislivec A, Miyagawa PS, Moore CD, Morfín J, Morse R, Mualem L, Mufson S, Murgia S, Murtagh MJ, Musser J, Naples D, Nelson C, Nelson JK, Newman HB, Nezrick F, Nichol RJ, Nicholls TC, Ochoa-Ricoux JP, Oliver J, Oliver WP, Onuchin VA, Osiecki T, Ospanov R, Paley J, Paolone V, Para A, Patzak T, Pavlović Z, Pearce GF, Pearson N, Peck CW, Perry C, Peterson EA, Petyt DA, Ping H, Piteira R, Pittam R, Pla-Dalmau A, Plunkett RK, Price LE, Proga M, Pushka DR, Rahman D, Rameika RA, Raufer TM, Read AL, Rebel B, Reichenbacher J, Reyna DE, Rosenfeld C, Rubin HA, Ruddick K, Ryabov VA, Saakyan R, Sanchez MC, Saoulidou N, Schneps J, Schoessow PV, Schreiner P, Schwienhorst R, Semenov VK, Seun SM, Shanahan P, Shield PD, Smart W, Smirnitsky V, Smith C, Smith PN, Sousa A, Speakman B, Stamoulis P, Stefanik A, Sullivan P, Swan JM, Symes PA, Tagg N, Talaga RL, Terekhov A, Tetteh-Lartey E, Thomas J, Thompson J, Thomson MA, Thron JL, Tinti G, Trendler R, Trevor J, Trostin I, Tsarev VA, Tzanakos G, Urheim J, Vahle P, Vakili M, Vaziri K, Velissaris C, Verebryusov V, Viren B, Wai L, Ward CP, Ward DR, Watabe M, Weber A, Webb RC, Wehmann A, West N, White C, White RF, Wojcicki SG, Wright DM, Wu QK, Yan WG, Yang T, Yumiceva FX, Yun JC, Zheng H, Zois M, Zwaska R. Observation of muon neutrino disappearance with the MINOS detectors in the NuMI neutrino beam. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:191801. [PMID: 17155614 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.191801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports results from the MINOS experiment based on its initial exposure to neutrinos from the Fermilab NuMI beam. The rates and energy spectra of charged current nu(mu) interactions are compared in two detectors located along the beam axis at distances of 1 and 735 km. With 1.27 x 10(20) 120 GeV protons incident on the NuMI target, 215 events with energies below 30 GeV are observed at the Far Detector, compared to an expectation of 336+/-14 events. The data are consistent with nu(mu) disappearance via oscillations with |Delta(m)2/32|=2.74 +0.44/-0.26 x10(-3)eV(2) and sin(2)(2theta(23))>0.87 (68% C.L.).
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Michael
- Lauritsen Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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