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Derkay CS, Wikner EE, Pransky S, Best SR, Zur K, Sidell DR, Klein A, Rosen C, Dikkers FG, Johnson R. Systemic Use of Bevacizumab for Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis: Who, What, Where, When, and Why? Laryngoscope 2023; 133:2-3. [PMID: 35543118 PMCID: PMC10084367 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Derkay
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Emily E Wikner
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Seth Pransky
- Pediatric Specialty Partners of San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Simon R Best
- Depatment of Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Karen Zur
- Depatment of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Douglas R Sidell
- Depatment of Otolaryngology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Adam Klein
- Depatment of Otolaryngology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Clark Rosen
- Depatment of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Frederick G Dikkers
- Depatment of Otolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, NL, USA
| | - Romaine Johnson
- Depatment of Otolaryngology, University of Texas-Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Meites E, Stone L, Amiling R, Singh V, Unger ER, Derkay CS, Markowitz LE. Significant Declines in Juvenile-onset Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis Following Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Introduction in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:885-890. [PMID: 33621333 PMCID: PMC8380742 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP) is a rare and serious disease caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) presumably acquired during vaginal delivery. HPV vaccination of females through age 26 years, recommended in the United States since 2006, can prevent HPV transmission. We assessed trends in JORRP cases before and after HPV vaccine introduction in the United States. METHODS Case-patients were identified from 26 pediatric otolaryngology centers in 23 U.S. states. Demographics and clinical history were abstracted from medical records. Case-patients were grouped by year of birth, and birth-cohort incidences were calculated using number of births from either national or state-level natality data from the 23 states. We calculated incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in 2-year intervals. RESULTS We identified 576 U.S. JORRP case-patients born in 2004-2013. Median age at diagnosis was 3.4 years (interquartile range: 1.9, 5.5). Number of identified JORRP case-patients declined from a baseline of 165 born in 2004-2005 to 36 born in 2012-2013. Incidence of JORRP per 100 000 births using national data declined from 2.0 cases in 2004-2005 to 0.5 cases in 2012-2013 (IRR = 0.2, 95% CI = .1-.4); incidence using state-level data declined from 2.9 cases in 2004-2005 to 0.7 cases in 2012-2013 (IRR = 0.2, 95% CI = .1-.4). CONCLUSIONS Over a decade, numbers of JORRP case-patients and incidences declined significantly. Incidences calculated using national denominator data are likely underestimates; those calculated using state-level denominator data could be overestimates. These declines are most likely due to HPV vaccination. Increasing vaccination uptake could lead to elimination of this HPV-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa Meites
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Laura Stone
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Raiza Amiling
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Vidisha Singh
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Unger
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Craig S Derkay
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Lauri E Markowitz
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Amiling R, Meites E, Querec TD, Stone L, Singh V, Unger ER, Derkay CS, Markowitz LE. Juvenile-Onset Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis in the United States, Epidemiology and HPV Types-2015-2020. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2021; 10:774-781. [PMID: 34145881 PMCID: PMC8446313 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP) is a rare disease characterized by the growth of papillomas in the respiratory tract. In the United States, JORRP is not a nationally notifiable condition and current data are limited. METHODS Children with JORRP aged <18 years were enrolled from 26 pediatric otolaryngology centers in 23 US states from January 2015 through August 2020. Demographic, birth information, and maternal vaccination history were collected from a parent/guardian. Clinical history was abstracted from medical records. Papilloma biopsies were tested for 28 human papillomavirus (HPV) types. Mothers who delivered in 2006 or later were considered age-eligible for HPV vaccination if aged ≤26 years in 2006. We described characteristics of enrolled children and their birth mothers and analyzed disease severity by diagnosis age and HPV type using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS Among 215 children with JORRP, 88.8% were delivered vaginally; 64.2% were firstborn. Among 190 mothers, the median delivery age was 22 years. Among 114 (60.0%) age-eligible for HPV vaccination, 16 (14.0%) were vaccinated, 1 (0.9%) before delivery. Among 162 specimens tested, 157 (96.9%) had detectable HPV; all 157 had a vaccine-preventable type. Disease severity was associated with younger diagnosis age and HPV 11; adjusted analyses found only younger diagnosis age significant (adjusted odds ratio: 6.1; 95% confidence interval: 2.9, 12.8). CONCLUSIONS Children with JORRP were commonly firstborn and delivered vaginally to young mothers; most of the mothers reported no HPV vaccination before delivery. Vaccine-preventable HPV was identified in all specimens with detectable HPV. Increasing preexposure HPV vaccination could substantially reduce or eliminate JORRP in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raiza Amiling
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,Synergy America, Inc., Duluth, Georgia, USA
| | - Elissa Meites
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Troy D. Querec
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Laura Stone
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Vidisha Singh
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Elizabeth R. Unger
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Craig S. Derkay
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA,Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital of the King’s Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Lauri E. Markowitz
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Benedict JJ, Derkay CS. Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: A 2020 perspective. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2021; 6:340-345. [PMID: 33869767 PMCID: PMC8035938 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite recent advancement recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) remains a rare but challenging benign airway neoplasm. In recent years there has been significant shifts in incidence of this disease due to changes in vaccination and prevention for human papilloma virus (HPV) and its related pathology. This review will highlight the epidemiology, prevention and treatment of RRP. METHODS The PubMed database was searched using relevant MeSH terms including "recurrent respiratory papillomatosis." The titles and abstracts were reviewed to assess relevance and unrelated articles were excluded. A full-text review for select articles was performed, the data and discussions were interpreted and synthesized to create a concise update on the management of RRP. RESULTS With the increasing utilization of the 9-valent and quadrivalent HPV vaccine in Australia, we have seen a significant decrease in the incidence of RRP. Preliminary data in the US shows a similar trend of decreased incidence after implementation of vaccination. Single dose Gardasil in developing countries has shown sustained immunization for at least 7 years. Preliminary clinical trials and retrospective studies have shown the HPV vaccine may have benefit as a treatment method in addition to prevention for HPV related diseases. Bevacizumab (Avastin), a VEGF monoclonal antibody, has shown promise as a systemic treatment for RRP. The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected perioperative management of RRP. CONCLUSION RRP continues to decline in incidence since the implementation of HPV vaccination. Advancement in the medical management including Bevacizumab show promise as an additional option for the management of RRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J. Benedict
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical SchoolSentara Norfolk General HospitalNorfolkVirginiaUSA
| | - Craig S. Derkay
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical SchoolChildren's Hospital of the King's DaughtersNorfolkVirginiaUSA
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5
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Sidell DR, Balakrishnan K, Best SR, Zur K, Buckingham J, De Alarcon A, Baroody FM, Bock JM, Boss EF, Bower CM, Campisi P, Chen SF, Clarke JM, Clarke KD, Cocciaglia A, Cotton RT, Cuestas G, Davis KL, DeFago VH, Dikkers FG, Dossans I, Florez W, Fox E, Friedman AD, Grant N, Hamdi O, Hogikyan ND, Johnson K, Johnson LB, Johnson RF, Kelly P, Klein AM, Lawlor CM, Leboulanger N, Levy AG, Lam D, Licameli GR, Long S, Lott DG, Manrique D, McMurray JS, Meister KD, Messner AH, Mohr M, Mudd P, Mortelliti AJ, Novakovic D, Ongkasuwan J, Peer S, Piersiala K, Prager JD, Pransky SM, Preciado D, Raynor T, Rinkel RNPM, Rodriguez H, Rodríguez VP, Russell J, Scatolini ML, Scheffler P, Smith DF, Smith LP, Smith ME, Smith RJH, Sorom A, Steinberg A, Stith JA, Thompson D, Thompson JW, Varela P, White DR, Wineland AM, Yang CJ, Zdanski CJ, Derkay CS. Systemic Bevacizumab for Treatment of Respiratory Papillomatosis: International Consensus Statement. Laryngoscope 2021; 131:E1941-E1949. [PMID: 33405268 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS The purpose of this study is to develop consensus on key points that would support the use of systemic bevacizumab for the treatment of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), and to provide preliminary guidance surrounding the use of this treatment modality. STUDY DESIGN Delphi method-based survey series. METHODS A multidisciplinary, multi-institutional panel of physicians with experience using systemic bevacizumab for the treatment of RRP was established. The Delphi method was used to identify and obtain consensus on characteristics associated with systemic bevacizumab use across five domains: 1) patient characteristics; 2) disease characteristics; 3) treating center characteristics; 4) prior treatment characteristics; and 5) prior work-up. RESULTS The international panel was composed of 70 experts from 12 countries, representing pediatric and adult otolaryngology, hematology/oncology, infectious diseases, pediatric surgery, family medicine, and epidemiology. A total of 189 items were identified, of which consensus was achieved on Patient Characteristics (9), Disease Characteristics (10), Treatment Center Characteristics (22), and Prior Workup Characteristics (18). CONCLUSION This consensus statement provides a useful starting point for clinicians and centers hoping to offer systemic bevacizumab for RRP and may serve as a framework to assess the components of practices and centers currently using this therapy. We hope to provide a strategy to offer the treatment and also to provide a springboard for bevacizumab's use in combination with other RRP treatment protocols. Standardized delivery systems may facilitate research efforts and provide dosing regimens to help shape best-practice applications of systemic bevacizumab for patients with early-onset or less-severe disease phenotypes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5 Laryngoscope, 131:E1941-E1949, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Sidell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, U.S.A.,Aerodigestive and Airway Reconstruction Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Stanford, California, U.S.A
| | - Karthik Balakrishnan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, U.S.A.,Aerodigestive and Airway Reconstruction Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Stanford, California, U.S.A
| | - Simon R Best
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Laryngology, and, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Karen Zur
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Julia Buckingham
- Maternal and Child Health Research Institute, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, U.S.A
| | - Alessandro De Alarcon
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Fuad M Baroody
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago Medicine and The Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan M Bock
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Division of Laryngology and Professional Voice, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Emily F Boss
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and the Department of Health Policy and Management, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Charles M Bower
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Alaska, U.S.A
| | - Paolo Campisi
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sharon F Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Stanford, California, U.S.A
| | - Jeffrey M Clarke
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Kevin D Clarke
- Pediatric Otolaryngology, Division of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of British Columbia (UBC, UVIc), Victoria General Hospital, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alejandro Cocciaglia
- ENT-Respiratory Endoscopy Department, Garrahan Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Robin T Cotton
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Giselle Cuestas
- Respiratory Endoscopy Section, ENT Department, Hospital General de Niños "Dr. Pedro de Elizalde", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kara L Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Oncology, Bass Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders, Stanford University, Stanford, California, U.S.A
| | - Victor H DeFago
- Pediatric Surgery, Sanatorio del Salvador Privado SA, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Frederik G Dikkers
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ines Dossans
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Pereira Rossell, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Walter Florez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño de San Borja, Lima, Peru
| | - Elizabeth Fox
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.A
| | - Aaron D Friedman
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Nazaneen Grant
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Laryngology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Georgetown, Washington, District of Columbia, U.S.A
| | - Osama Hamdi
- Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, U.S.A
| | - Norman D Hogikyan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - Kaalan Johnson
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Seattle, Washington, District of Columbia, U.S.A
| | - Liane B Johnson
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Division of Paediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Romaine F Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Peggy Kelly
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado affiliated with University of Colorado, Anschutz, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Adam M Klein
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Laryngology, Emory Voice Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A
| | - Claire M Lawlor
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's National Health System, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, U.S.A
| | - Nicolas Leboulanger
- Head and Neck Surgery, Pediatric Otolaryngology, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Alejandro G Levy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Arnold Palmer Hospital Center for Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders, Orlando Health, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Derek Lam
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A
| | - Greg R Licameli
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Steve Long
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Kaiser Permanente, Hillsboro, Oregon, U.S.A
| | - David G Lott
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Laryngology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Dayse Manrique
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Universidad Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - James Scott McMurray
- Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Kara D Meister
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, U.S.A.,Aerodigestive and Airway Reconstruction Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Stanford, California, U.S.A
| | - Anna H Messner
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Michael Mohr
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Pamela Mudd
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's National Health System, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, U.S.A
| | - Anthony J Mortelliti
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, U.S.A
| | - Daniel Novakovic
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, The Canterbury Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julian Ongkasuwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Adult and Pediatric Laryngology, Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Shazia Peer
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Cape Town and Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Krysztof Piersiala
- Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinksa University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeremy D Prager
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado affiliated with University of Colorado, Anschutz, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A
| | | | - Diego Preciado
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's National Health System, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, U.S.A
| | - Tiffany Raynor
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Rico N P M Rinkel
- Department of Otolaryngology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hugo Rodriguez
- Respiratory Endoscopy Department, Hospital de Pediatria Prof Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica P Rodríguez
- Respiratory Endoscopy Section, ENT Department, Hospital General de Niños "Dr. Pedro de Elizalde", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - John Russell
- Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Health Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - María Laura Scatolini
- Respiratory Endoscopy Department, Hospital de Pediatria Prof Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patrick Scheffler
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, U.S.A
| | - David F Smith
- Divisions of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Pulmonary Medicine, and the Sleep Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Lee P Smith
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pediatric Otolaryngology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, New York, U.S.A
| | - Marshall E Smith
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Richard J H Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, U.S.A
| | - Abraham Sorom
- Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Confluence Health, Wenatchee, Washington, District of Columbia, U.S.A
| | - Amalia Steinberg
- Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Alaska Native Medical center, Anchorage, Alaska, U.S.A
| | - John A Stith
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, SSM Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Dana Thompson
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Ann and Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Jerome W Thompson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric ENT, LeBonheur Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Tennnessee, Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.A
| | - Patricio Varela
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Universidad de Chile, Mackenna Children Hospital, Clinica Las Condes Medical center, Santiago, Chile
| | - David R White
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) Shawn Jenkins Children's Hospital, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Andre M Wineland
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and the Department of Health Policy and Management, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Christina J Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Carlton J Zdanski
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, North Carolina Children's Hospital, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Craig S Derkay
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia, U.S.A
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6
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Faucett EA, Wolter NE, Balakrishnan K, Ishman SL, Mehta D, Parikh S, Nguyen LHP, Preciado D, Rutter MJ, Prager JD, Green GE, Pransky SM, Elluru R, Husein M, Roy S, Johnson KE, Friedberg J, Johnson RF, Bauman NM, Myer CM, Deutsch ES, Gantwerker EA, Willging JP, Hart CK, Chun RH, Lam DJ, Ida JB, Manoukian JJ, White DR, Sidell DR, Wootten CT, Inglis AF, Derkay CS, Zalzal G, Molter DW, Ludemann JP, Choi S, Schraff S, Myer CM, Cotton RT, Vijayasekaran S, Zdanski CJ, El-Hakim H, Shah UK, Soma MA, Smith ME, Thompson DM, Javia LR, Zur KB, Sobol SE, Hartnick CJ, Rahbar R, Vaccani JP, Hartley B, Daniel SJ, Jacobs IN, Richter GT, de Alarcon A, Bromwich MA, Propst EJ. Competency-Based Assessment Tool for Pediatric Esophagoscopy: International Modified Delphi Consensus. Laryngoscope 2020; 131:1168-1174. [PMID: 33034397 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Create a competency-based assessment tool for pediatric esophagoscopy with foreign body removal. STUDY DESIGN Blinded modified Delphi consensus process. SETTING Tertiary care center. METHODS A list of 25 potential items was sent via the Research Electronic Data Capture database to 66 expert surgeons who perform pediatric esophagoscopy. In the first round, items were rated as "keep" or "remove" and comments were incorporated. In the second round, experts rated the importance of each item on a seven-point Likert scale. Consensus was determined with a goal of 7 to 25 final items. RESULTS The response rate was 38/64 (59.4%) in the first round and returned questionnaires were 100% complete. Experts wanted to "keep" all items and 172 comments were incorporated. Twenty-four task-specific and 7 previously-validated global rating items were distributed in the second round, and the response rate was 53/64 (82.8%) with questionnaires returned 97.5% complete. Of the task-specific items, 9 reached consensus, 7 were near consensus, and 8 did not achieve consensus. For global rating items that were previously validated, 6 reached consensus and 1 was near consensus. CONCLUSIONS It is possible to reach consensus about the important steps involved in rigid esophagoscopy with foreign body removal using a modified Delphi consensus technique. These items can now be considered when evaluating trainees during this procedure. This tool may allow trainees to focus on important steps of the procedure and help training programs standardize how trainees are evaluated. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5. Laryngoscope, 131:1168-1174, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erynne A Faucett
- Division of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Department of Child Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A.,College of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Mayo College of Medicine and Science, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Nikolaus E Wolter
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Karthik Balakrishnan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California, U.S.A
| | - Stacey L Ishman
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Deepak Mehta
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Sanjay Parikh
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
| | - Lily H P Nguyen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Diego Preciado
- Department of Otolaryngology, Children's National Health System, Division of Otolaryngology, George Washington University Washington, Washington, District of Columbia, U.S.A
| | - Michael J Rutter
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Jeremy D Prager
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Glenn E Green
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - Seth M Pransky
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California, U.S.A
| | - Ravi Elluru
- Division of Otolaryngology, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Murad Husein
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Victoria Hospital, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Soham Roy
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Texas at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Kaalan E Johnson
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
| | - Jacob Friedberg
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Romaine F Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Nancy M Bauman
- Department of Otolaryngology, Children's National Health System, Division of Otolaryngology, George Washington University Washington, Washington, District of Columbia, U.S.A
| | - Charles M Myer
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Ellen S Deutsch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Eric A Gantwerker
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - J Paul Willging
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Catherine K Hart
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Robert H Chun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Campus, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Derek J Lam
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Pediatric Otolaryngology, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan B Ida
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - John J Manoukian
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David R White
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Douglas R Sidell
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California, U.S.A
| | - Christopher T Wootten
- Division of Otolaryngology, Monroe Carell Jr Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A
| | - Andrew F Inglis
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
| | - Craig S Derkay
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, U.S.A
| | - George Zalzal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Children's National Health System, Division of Otolaryngology, George Washington University Washington, Washington, District of Columbia, U.S.A
| | - David W Molter
- Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Jeffrey P Ludemann
- Pediatric Otolaryngology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sukgi Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Scott Schraff
- Arizona Otolaryngology Consultants, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Charles M Myer
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Robin T Cotton
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Shyan Vijayasekaran
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Perth Children's Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Carlton J Zdanski
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Hamdy El-Hakim
- Division of Pediatric Surgery and Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, The Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Udayan K Shah
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A
| | - Marlene A Soma
- Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marshall E Smith
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Dana M Thompson
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Luv Ram Javia
- Division of Otolaryngology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Karen B Zur
- Division of Otolaryngology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Steven E Sobol
- Division of Otolaryngology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Christopher J Hartnick
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Reza Rahbar
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Jean-Philippe Vaccani
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, CHEO, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin Hartley
- Department of Otolaryngology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sam J Daniel
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ian N Jacobs
- Division of Otolaryngology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Gresham T Richter
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, U.S.A
| | - Alessandro de Alarcon
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Matthew A Bromwich
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, CHEO, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evan J Propst
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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7
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Shaffer AD, Jacobs IN, Derkay CS, Goldstein NA, Giordano T, Ho S, Kim BJ, Park AH, Simons JP. Management and Outcomes of Button Batteries in the Aerodigestive Tract: A Multi-institutional Study. Laryngoscope 2020; 131:E298-E306. [PMID: 32068903 DOI: 10.1002/lary.28568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To describe the clinical presentation, management, and complications associated with button battery impaction in the aerodigestive tract in children. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. METHODS This multi-institutional study, endorsed by the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology research consortium, is a retrospective medical record review, including all children at five tertiary-care institutions presenting with button batteries impacted in the aerodigestive tract between January 2002 and December 2014. Battery type/size, duration and location of impaction, presenting symptoms, treatment, complications, and outcomes were examined. RESULTS Eighty-one patients were included (64.2% male), with ingestion witnessed in 20 (24.7%). Median age at presentation was 3 years (range, 1 week-14 years). Median time from diagnosis to removal was 2.5 hours (range, 0.4-72 hours). Locations included the esophagus (n = 48), hypopharynx (n = 1), stomach (n = 6), nasal cavity (n = 22), and ear canal (n = 4). Most common symptoms for esophageal/hypopharyngeal impactions included dysphagia (26.5%), nausea/vomiting (26.5%), drooling (24.5%), cough (18.4%), and fever (18.4%). Most common symptoms for nasal impactions included epistaxis (54.6%), rhinorrhea (40.9%), nasal pain (27.3%), and fever (22.7%). Almost all esophageal impactions were from 3-V (89.5%), 20-mm (81.8%) lithium batteries. Severe esophageal complications included stricture (28.6%), perforation (24.5%), tracheoesophageal fistula formation (8.2%), pneumothorax (4.1%), and bilateral true vocal fold paresis (4.1%). Nasal complications included necrosis (59.1%), septal perforation (27.3%), and saddle nose deformity (4.5%). Duration of impaction correlated with an increased likelihood of persistent symptoms only for nasal batteries (P = .049). CONCLUSIONS Button batteries in the upper pediatric aerodigestive tract or ear canal should be considered a surgical emergency, requiring urgent removal and careful vigilance for complications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 131:E298-E306, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber D Shaffer
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ian N Jacobs
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Craig S Derkay
- Department of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Nira A Goldstein
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Terri Giordano
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sandra Ho
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Bong J Kim
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Albert H Park
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Jeffrey P Simons
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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8
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Propst EJ, Wolter NE, Ishman SL, Balakrishnan K, Deonarain AR, Mehta D, Zalzal G, Pransky SM, Roy S, Myer CM, Torre M, Johnson RF, Ludemann JP, Derkay CS, Chun RH, Hong P, Molter DW, Prager JD, Nguyen LHP, Rutter MJ, Myer CM, Zur KB, Sidell DR, Johnson LB, Cotton RT, Hart CK, Willging JP, Zdanski CJ, Manoukian JJ, Lam DJ, Bauman NM, Gantwerker EA, Husein M, Inglis AF, Green GE, Javia LR, Schraff S, Soma MA, Deutsch ES, Sobol SE, Ida JB, Choi S, Uwiera TC, Shah UK, White DR, Wootten CT, El-Hakim H, Bromwich MA, Richter GT, Vijayasekaran S, Smith ME, Vaccani JP, Hartnick CJ, Faucett EA. Competency-Based Assessment Tool for Pediatric Tracheotomy: International Modified Delphi Consensus. Laryngoscope 2019; 130:2700-2707. [PMID: 31821571 DOI: 10.1002/lary.28461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Create a competency-based assessment tool for pediatric tracheotomy. STUDY DESIGN Blinded, modified, Delphi consensus process. METHODS Using the REDCap database, a list of 31 potential items was circulated to 65 expert surgeons who perform pediatric tracheotomy. In the first round, items were rated as "keep" or "remove," and comments were incorporated. In the second round, experts were asked to rate the importance of each item on a seven-point Likert scale. Consensus criteria were determined a priori with a goal of 7 to 25 final items. RESULTS The first round achieved a response rate of 39/65 (60.0%), and returned questionnaires were 99.5% complete. All items were rated as "keep," and 137 comments were incorporated. In the second round, 30 task-specific and seven previously validated global rating items were distributed, and the response rate was 44/65 (67.7%), with returned questionnaires being 99.3% complete. Of the Task-Specific Items, 13 reached consensus, 10 were near consensus, and 7 did not achieve consensus. For the 7 previously validated global rating items, 5 reached consensus and two were near consensus. CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to reach consensus on the important steps involved in pediatric tracheotomy using a modified Delphi consensus process. These items can now be considered to create a competency-based assessment tool for pediatric tracheotomy. Such a tool will hopefully allow trainees to focus on the important aspects of this procedure and help teaching programs standardize how they evaluate trainees during this procedure. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5 Laryngoscope, 130:2700-2707, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan J Propst
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nikolaus E Wolter
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stacey L Ishman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Karthik Balakrishnan
- Department of Otolaryngology and Mayo Children's Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | - Ashley R Deonarain
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deepak Mehta
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - George Zalzal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Children's National Health System, Division of Otolaryngology, George Washington University Washington, DC, U.S.A
| | - Seth M Pransky
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California, U.S.A
| | - Soham Roy
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Texas at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Charles M Myer
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Michele Torre
- Airway Unit, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Romaine F Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Jeffrey P Ludemann
- Pediatric Otolaryngology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Craig S Derkay
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, U.S.A
| | - Robert H Chun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Campus, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Paul Hong
- Division of Otolaryngology, Dalhousie University, Izaak Walton Killam Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - David W Molter
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Jeremy D Prager
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Lily H P Nguyen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael J Rutter
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Charles M Myer
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Karen B Zur
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Douglas R Sidell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California, U.S.A
| | - Liane B Johnson
- Division of Otolaryngology, Dalhousie University, Izaak Walton Killam Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Robin T Cotton
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Catherine K Hart
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - J Paul Willging
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Carlton J Zdanski
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - John J Manoukian
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Derek J Lam
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Pediatric Otolaryngology, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A
| | - Nancy M Bauman
- Department of Otolaryngology, Children's National Health System, Division of Otolaryngology, George Washington University Washington, DC, U.S.A
| | - Eric A Gantwerker
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Murad Husein
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Victoria Hospital, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew F Inglis
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
| | - Glenn E Green
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - Luv Ram Javia
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Scott Schraff
- Arizona Otolaryngology Consultants, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Marlene A Soma
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ellen S Deutsch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Steven E Sobol
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan B Ida
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Sukgi Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Trina C Uwiera
- Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, The Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Udayan K Shah
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A
| | - David R White
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Christopher T Wootten
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A
| | - Hamdy El-Hakim
- Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, The Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew A Bromwich
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gresham T Richter
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, U.S.A
| | - Shyan Vijayasekaran
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perth Children's Hospital, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Marshall E Smith
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Jean-Philippe Vaccani
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher J Hartnick
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Erynne A Faucett
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
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9
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Abstract
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) remains a challenging disease afflicting children and adults, resulting in an estimated $120 million per year in United States healthcare-related costs, with annual costs per patient approaching $60,000. Although the prevalence of RRP has declined, RRP remains the most common benign laryngeal neoplasm in children. RRP is unique in its high rate of multisite recurrence, its high burden on patient quality of life, and its high associated healthcare costs. This article summarizes current understanding of the natural history and quality of life burden of RRP, and basic science advancements in prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Derkay
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pediatric Otolaryngology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, 601 Children's Lane, 2nd Floor, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA.
| | - Andrew E Bluher
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Sentara Norfolk General Hospital, 600 Gresham Drive, Suite 1100, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
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10
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Weber BC, Whitlock SM, He K, Kimbrell BS, Derkay CS. An evidence based protocol for managing neonatal middle ear effusions in babies who fail newborn hearing screening. Am J Otolaryngol 2018; 39:609-612. [PMID: 29753496 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the prevalence of middle ear disease in infants referred for failed newborn hearing screening (NBHS) and to review patient outcomes after intervention in order to propose an evidence-based protocol for management of newborns with otitis media with effusion (OME) who fail NBHS. METHODS 85 infants with suspected middle ear pathology were retrospectively reviewed after referral for failed NBHS. All subjects underwent a diagnostic microscopic exam with myringotomy with or without placement of a ventilation tube in the presence of a middle ear effusion and had intra-operative auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing or testing at a later date. RESULTS At the initial office visit, a normal middle ear space bilaterally was documented in 5 babies (6%), 29/85 (34%) had an equivocal exam while 51/85 (60%) had at least a unilateral OME. Myringotomy with or without tube placement due to presence of an effusion was performed on 65/85 (76%) neonates. Normal hearing was established in 17/85 (20%) after intervention, avoiding the need for any further audiologic workup. Bilateral or unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) or mixed hearing loss was noted in 54/85 (64%) and these children were referred for amplification. Initially observation with follow up outpatient visits was initiated in 27/85 (32%) however, only 3/27 (11%) resolved with watchful waiting and 24/27 (89%) ultimately required at least unilateral tube placement due to OME and 14/24 (59%) were found to have at least a unilateral mixed or SNHL. CONCLUSIONS An effective initial management plan for children with suspected middle ear pathology and failed NBHS is diagnostic operative microscopy with placement of a ventilation tube in the presence of a MEE along with either intra-operative ABR or close follow-up ABR. This allows for the identification and treatment of babies with a conductive component due to OME, accurate diagnosing of an underlying SNHL component and for prompt aural rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany C Weber
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.
| | - Scott M Whitlock
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Kaidi He
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Blake S Kimbrell
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Craig S Derkay
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA; Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA, USA
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11
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Abstract
The past 100years have witnessed dramatic shifts in the concept of ideal surgical goals and operative technique in tonsil surgery. Surgeons are reviving a technique of intracapsular tonsillectomy with increasing precision thanks to modern technology. With intracapsular tonsillectomy, pediatric patients recover faster, use less pain medication, and have a lower risk of dehydration and hemorrhage. Various considerations will dictate the adoption of this technology in the coming years. This current review explores concepts and controversies surrounding tonsillectomy with a focus on quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Rubinstein
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 600 Gresham Drive Suite 1100, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, USA.
| | - Craig S Derkay
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 600 Gresham Drive Suite 1100, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, USA.
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Biyani S, Derkay CS. E-cigarettes: An update on considerations for the otolaryngologist. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 94:14-16. [PMID: 28167004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We provide an update in the literature and national regulations regarding electronic cigarettes with special attention to the pediatric population. BACKGROUND Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are handheld battery operated devices that vaporize nicotine-containing liquids for inhalation. Use of these products has dramatically increased over the last several years, particularly among the youth. ENDS are being marketed with advertising techniques and flavors which appeal to the adolescent and young adult population. More reports of accidental pediatric exposures are being documented, as are suicides from abuse of liquid nicotine. Federal regulation has only now become required of these devices. CONCLUSION Use of e cigarettes among adolescents increases each year. Government oversight is needed to protect our children from the re-normalization of tobacco. Otolaryngologists should be prepared to counsel their patients and families regarding the latest in ENDS use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneh Biyani
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.
| | - Craig S Derkay
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA; Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA, USA
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Sherwood ML, Buchinsky FJ, Quigley MR, Donfack J, Choi SS, Conley SF, Derkay CS, Myer CM, Ehrlich GD, Post JC. Unique challenges of obtaining regulatory approval for a multicenter protocol to study the genetics of RRP and suggested remedies. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 135:189-96. [PMID: 16890066 DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2006.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2005] [Accepted: 03/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective Investigations that seek to generalize findings or to understand uncommon diseases must be conducted at multiple centers. This study describes the process of obtaining regulatory approval for a minimal risk genetic study in a multi-center setting as undertaken by the Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP) Task Force. Study Design and Setting Sequential cohort of American children's hospitals. A single protocol was submitted to each Institutional Review Board (IRB). Results Documentation was prepared for 14 IRBs over 2.5 years. The median time between enlistment and approval at the first 8 sites was 15 months. Institutions varied considerably in their requirements and in the issues that were raised. Protocols were submitted sequentially and accumulated experience was used in the preparation of applications to subsequent IRBs. Nevertheless, there was no correlation between the accumulated experience and the number of issues that were raised. Conclusion Despite uniform federal standards, all local IRBs required unique and individualized submissions. For multicenter studies, investigators should seriously consider the establishment of cooperative authorization agreements. On a simpler level, a standardized format for applications needs to be adopted nationwide. EBM rating: B-3b
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylaina L Sherwood
- Center for Genomic Sciences at Allegheny Singer Research Institute, Allegheny General Hospital, 320 East North Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15212-4772, USA
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Derkay CS, Darrow DH, Welch C, Sinacori JT. Post-Tonsillectomy Morbidity and Quality of Life in Pediatric Patients with Obstructive Tonsils and Adenoid: Microdebrider vs Electrocautery. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 134:114-20. [PMID: 16399190 DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2005.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To prospectively compare outcomes in children over age 2 with obstructive adenotonsillar hypertrophy when tonsillectomy is performed utilizing an intracapsular microdebrider technique versus low-wattage electrocautery technique. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled trial at a tertiary care children's hospital. RESULTS: Among the 300 children, those treated with the microdebrider resumed normal activity faster, with a median recovery of 2.5 days, and stopped taking pain medication sooner, with the median time to the last dose of 4 days. The microdebrider group were 3 times more likely to no longer need pain medications at 3 days postoperatively and 2.5 times less likely to be still needing pain medication 7 days postoperatively. They were twice as likely to be at a normal activity level by 3 days postoperatively and were less likely to still not have attained normal activity and normal diet after 7 days. There was no difference between groups in median days to return to normal diet (3.0 to 3.5 days). At 1-month follow-up, children in the microdebrider group were 5 times more likely to have residual tonsil tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Intracapsular tonsillectomy in children with obstructive adenotonsillar hypertrophy results in improved peri-operative outcomes. Residual tonsil tissue is more common with use of the microdebrider; however, the incidence of future obstruction or infection is unknown. EBM rating: A-1b
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Derkay
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 825 Fairfax Avenue, Ste. 510, Norfolk, VA 23507-1914, USA.
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Wilcox LJ, He K, Derkay CS. Identifying musical difficulties as they relate to congenital amusia in the pediatric population. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 79:2411-5. [PMID: 26631597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTIONS/OBJECTIVES Approximately 4% of the population fails to develop basic music skills and can be identified as "amusic". Congenital amusia (CA), or "tone deafness", is thought to be a hereditary disordera predominantly affecting the perception and production of music. The gold standard for diagnosis is the Montreal Battery for Evaluation of Amusia (MBEA). This study aims to pinpoint factors in the history that may help identify amusic children and to determine if amusic pediatric patients can be identified using a widely available, shorter test validated in adults. METHODS Subjects ages 7-17 years were recruited to take an online test, validated against the MBEA, for CA. The sections tested recognition of "off-beat" (OB), "mistuned" (MT), and "out-of-key" (OOK) conditions. Parents filled out a questionnaire regarding the subject's past medical, educational, musical exposure, and family history. RESULTS Of 114 subjects recruited, complete data was available on 105 with a mean age of 12.5 years. According to adult criteria, 63/105 (60%) of subjects scored in the "amusic" range. Children >10 years of age scored significantly higher on the off-beat section (p=0.001) and total scores (p=0.025). Subjects who were born prematurely scored significantly lower (p=0.045). Children whose father had difficulties with music scored significantly lower on the off-beat section (p=0.003) and total scores (p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS CA is a disorder that has implications for quality of life. Earlier identification may help elucidate the pathogenesis of the condition and, in the future, the institution of prompt treatment. Further studies are needed to identify the most appropriate and convenient tests, as well as the optimal timing of testing, for reliably diagnosing CA in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndy J Wilcox
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 600 Gresham Drive, Suite 1100, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA.
| | - Kaidi He
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 600 Gresham Drive, Suite 1100, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA.
| | - Craig S Derkay
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 600 Gresham Drive, Suite 1100, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, 601 Children's Lane, Second Floor, ENT Suite, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To review the literature regarding electronic cigarettes and discuss potential implications and need for advocacy for the pediatric otolaryngologist. BACKGROUND Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are battery-operated devices that deliver nicotine-containing vapors via inhalation. Research on the health related consequences of e-cigarettes is ongoing and safety has yet to be established. E-cigarettes are not presently under the regulation of any national governing body with wide accessibility to minors. Use of these products has substantially increased since arrival to the market, particularly within the adolescent population. These products are marketed via various platforms including television, Internet and social media. Hundreds of flavors are offered and e-cigarettes are packaged in various colors. Not only are the ill health effects and addictive quality of nicotine concerning, these products have the potential to serve as a gateway for minors to tobacco use. APPLICATIONS The relationship between tobacco use, secondhand smoke exposure and otolaryngology specific diseases has well been defined. As use of electronic cigarettes increases, pediatric otolaryngologists should be aware of the ongoing literature regarding these products and to be prepared to counsel families accordingly. CONCLUSIONS The use of e-cigarettes among teenagers, potential implications of secondhand vapor exposure from parents and friends, and concerns this may encourage adolescents to utilize conventional tobacco products needs to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneh Biyani
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.
| | - Craig S Derkay
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA; Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Achieving hemostatic control after intracapsular adenotonsillectomy with minimal cauterization may potentially lead to improved outcomes with respect to return to normal diet, normal activity, and less use of narcotic pain medications. METHODS A prospective, nonrandomized, consecutive series of children with obstructive tonsils and adenoids at a tertiary children's hospital was undertaken. RESULTS One hundred consecutive children (52 boys/48 girls) ages 0-16 (mean=4.8, SD=3.7, median=4.0) years were recruited with complete data available on all 100. Mean total procedure time was 19.8 (SD=4.3, median=19.5) minutes, including mean total cauterization time of 155.3 (SD=59.7 seconds, median=143.0) (adenoids: mean=60.9, SD=31.5, median=53.0; tonsils: mean=94.5, SD=41.9, median=82.0) minutes. Mean estimated blood loss was 29.4 (SD=40.9, median=25.0) ml. There were no major complications (0/100 episodes of bleeding or dehydration after surgery). Mean return to normal diet was 3.4 (SD=2.2, median=3.0) days; mean return to normal activity was 2.8 (SD=2.1, median=3.0) days, and mean days to no further narcotics was 3.0 (SD=2.3, median=2.0) days. Mean days to complete recovery (normal diet, normal activity, and no narcotics) was 4.5 (SD=2.1, median=4.0, range: 1-10). Total cautery time was significantly correlated with time to complete recovery (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS Intracapsular microdebrider tonsillectomy with adenoidectomy utilizing QuikClot to enhance the hemostasis results in recovery times better than previously reported for this common operation in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Derkay
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Hind A Baydoun
- Department of Distance Learning, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Laura Stone
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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Volsky PG, Woughter MA, Beydoun HA, Derkay CS, Baldassari CM. Adenotonsillectomy vs Observation for Management of Mild Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013; 150:126-32. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599813509780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine the impact of adenotonsillectomy vs observation on quality of life (QOL) in children with mild obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Study Design Prospective, nonrandomized trial. Setting Tertiary children’s hospital. Subjects and Methods Sixty-four children (ages 3-16 years) with mild OSA (apnea hypopnea index between 1 and 5 on polysomnogram) completed the study. Caregivers chose between management options of adenotonsillectomy and observation and completed validated QOL instruments (OSA-18 and Children’s Health Questionnaire) at baseline, early, and late follow-ups. The primary outcome measure was QOL. Results Thirty patients chose adenotonsillectomy, while 34 were observed. Total OSA-18 scores at baseline were significantly poorer ( P = .01) in the surgery group (72.3) compared with the observation group (58.5). Four months following surgery, OSA-18 scores improved by 39.1 points over baseline ( P = .0001), while there was no change for the observation group ( P = .69). After 8 months, OSA-18 scores remained improved in the surgery group, and observation group scores improved by 13.4 points over baseline ( P = .005). While OSA-18 scores at the late follow-up visit were poorer in the observation group, the difference was not statistically significant ( P = .05). Six observation patients opted for adenotonsillectomy during the study. Conclusion Quality of life significantly improves in children with mild OSA after adenotonsillectomy. In children with mild OSA who are observed, QOL improvements at early follow-up are less pronounced, but significant improvements in QOL are evident after 8 months. QOL instruments may be useful tools to help providers determine which children with mild OSA may benefit from early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G. Volsky
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Hind A. Beydoun
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Craig S. Derkay
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital of the King’s Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Cristina M. Baldassari
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital of the King’s Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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Teng MS, Simon LM, Couch ME, Zaretsky LS, Gray ST, Derkay CS, Choi SS. Avenues to Leadership: Opportunities at Every Level. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599813493390a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Program Description: This miniseminar is designed to help physicians in the Academy find ways to become leaders in their own environments. The panelists will include leaders within national organizations such as the AAO-HNS, ACGME, and ACS, as well as local leaders, including a department chair and residency program director. Emphasis will be placed on career crossroads and how to navigate them. Several of the panelists are women and will comment on experiences unique to female leaders in our field. Educational Objectives: 1) Recognize individualized ways to become leaders in various environments. 2) Characterize the role of medical leaders in our departments, institutions, clinical specialties, and national organizations. 3) Apply leadership principles to everyday practice.
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Parikh SR, Roy S, Derkay CS, Hartnick CJ, White DR, Kazahaya K, Rutter MJ, Goudy SL, Zdanski C. Clinical Pearls in Pediatric Otolaryngology: A Video Forum. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599813493390a70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Program Description: This video-based forum will provide audience members with state of the art concepts in pediatric otolaryngology. The speakers consist of: Carlton Zdanski: Transoral Robotic Surgery in Children: Indications and Results; Christopher Hartnick: Bevacizumab (Avastin) injection for pediatric RRP; Craig Derkay: Modifications of the Seldinger technique to secure the difficult pediatric airway; David White: Endoscopic division of the sternocleidomastoid muscle for treatment of torticollis; Ken Kazahaya: Endoscopic assisted otologic surgery; Michael Rutter: Tracheotomy tube fenestration; Sanjay Parikh: Diagnosis of sleep induced laryngomalacia; Soham Roy: Radiofrequency ablation of pediatric oral cavity lesions; Steven Goudy: Video-assisted pharyngeal surgery. Educational Objectives: 1) Consider contemporary airway management ideas for tracheotomy tubes, recurrent papillomatosis, and laryngomalacia. 2) Describe novel endoscopic laryngopharyngeal techniques with robotics, radiofrequency, and video-assistance. 3) Implement novel endoscopic otologic and neck techniques.
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Zur KB, Derkay CS, Handler SD, O’Malley BW, Rutter MJ. Off-Label Uses of Drugs and Technology: What’s the Stigma? Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599813493390a28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Program Description: The practice of otolaryngology is rapidly evolving with new technologies and pharmaceuticals introduced into use at an exponential rate. While most new interventions are Food and Drug Administration approved, some rely on their success in other fields of medicine and are applied into our field as experimental or are used in good faith with anecdotal benefits. The purpose of this multi-expert panel is to share the ethical considerations and controversies of such tools, with a special emphasis on the pathway for approval by the hospital as well as credentialing, off-label use of injectables and topical medications, and application of robotics in otolaryngology. Educational Objectives: 1) Describe the process of introducing off-label medications, devices, and technologies into everyday practice. 2) List some commonly used topical and injectable medications and their off-label use in the various fields of otolaryngology. 3) Recognize the limitations that are inherent to the introduction of such innovations.
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Shah KV, Unger ER, Derkay CS, Steinberg BM. Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: bright prospects for vaccine-based prevention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/095741905x69744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Abstract
Objective To evaluate the financial impact of pursuing a fellowship in otolaryngology. Study Design Retrospective financial analysis using American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery survey data. Subjects and Methods The American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery report, entitled Socioeconomic Study among Members April 2011, gives a financial profile of respondents who reported their primary area of specialization as either general otolaryngology or a specific area of subspecialization. Weighted averages were calculated from the reported data. The weighted averages were used to calculate a net present value (NPV) over a 30-year contiguous career. Results The NPV for general otolaryngology was $4.73 million. The NPV for the following subspecialties in relation to general otolaryngology were (in hundred thousands) as follows: otolaryngologic allergy (−$1153), sleep medicine (−$677), otology/neurotology (−$339), laryngology (−$288), head and neck (−$191), pediatric otolaryngology (−$176), facial plastic surgery (−$139), skull base surgery ($122), rhinology ($285), and allergy and immunology ($350). Ninety-four percent of general otolaryngology respondents were in private practice. Most subspecialists worked in an academic setting. Conclusion Fellowship training in otolaryngology will affect career earnings of prospective fellows. The overall financial impact of fellowship training, calculating in the delay in receiving a full clinical salary, should be factored into the decision to pursue fellowship training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P. Hull
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - David H. Darrow
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Children’s Hospital of the Kings’ Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Craig S. Derkay
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Children’s Hospital of the Kings’ Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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McAfee JS, Demarcantonio M, Fine BR, Beydoun H, Derkay CS. Prevalence of ventilation tubes in children with a tracheostomy tube. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 77:65-8. [PMID: 23131201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of operative ear disease in pediatric patients with tracheostomy tubes, as well as to identify risk factors predictive of operative otologic interventions in this patient cohort. METHODS We hypothesize that the prevalence of operative middle ear disease in patients with a tracheostomy tube is greater than that of the population at large. To validate our anecdotal observations, we queried the CHCA hospital database (PHIS) regarding the association between tympanostomy tube placements in children with tracheostomies. To further investigate, a retrospective chart review was undertaken at our regional tertiary care children's hospital to determine the frequency at which tympanostomy tubes were placed in children who have a tracheostomy. Risk factors were analyzed, applying independent samples t-tests and Pearson's Chi-square test. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were constructed to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for predictors of operative ear disease. Institutional review board (IRB) approval was obtained. RESULTS Of a population of 181 patients with tracheostomies, 37 (or 20%, 95% CI 15-26%) have undergone placement of ventilation tubes in the past 3 years. No statistically significant difference was noted with regards to gender or race. The operative group had an average age of 23.0 months at the time of tracheostomy, compared to 52.5 months in the non-operative group (p=0.0022). In addition, home living situation, term birth, and craniofacial abnormalities were more frequently observed in the operative versus the non-operative group. Multivariate logistic regression models revealed the same factors as predictors of operative ear disease. CONCLUSION The presence of a tracheostomy is associated with an increased risk of requiring ventilation tube placement over the population at large. Risk factors for operative middle ear disease among these children include age at time of the tracheostomy, craniofacial abnormalities, term birth, and home living situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Seth McAfee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
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Derkay CS, Volsky PG, Rosen CA, Pransky SM, McMurray JS, Chadha NK, Froehlich P. Current use of intralesional cidofovir for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Laryngoscope 2012; 123:705-12. [PMID: 23070868 DOI: 10.1002/lary.23673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS The authors sought to define the indications, administration, and adverse events associated with intralesional cidofovir use for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS A 21-question online survey was distributed to 115 selected adult and pediatric laryngeal surgeons internationally. Results were used to draft statements of best practice, which were approved by the full membership of the RRP Task Force. RESULTS Eighty-two surgeons, who altogether presently manage 3,043 patients with RRP, responded to the survey. Seventy-four surgeons previously used cidofovir, reporting 1,248 patients in the last decade (estimated 801 adults and 447 children). Single indications for adjuvant cidofovir included six or more surgeries per year, increasing frequency of surgery, and extralaryngeal spread (in children). Most adult surgeons use 20 to 40 mg in <4 mL; pediatric surgeons use <20 mg in <2 mL. Scheduled administration following an initiation trial of five injections is common; cidofovir is discontinued following a complete response. Most surgeons biopsy routinely, use special informed consent, and are willing to participate in multi-institutional clinical trials on cidofovir uses, efficacy, and safety. CONCLUSIONS Eighteen statements were approved by the RRP Task Force after discussion of the survey results. Intralesional cidofovir may be initiated if surgical debulking is required every 2 to 3 months. The concept of an adjuvant regimen with regular biopsy is favored. Administration should remain below established safe limits of dosing (3 mg/kg) and volume. Informed consent, including discussion of off-label use and acute kidney injury in children, is important. A special consent form sample is included. There remains a need for high-quality data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Derkay
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, USA.
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Volsky PG, Baldassari CM, Mushti S, Derkay CS. Quality of Internet information in pediatric otolaryngology: a comparison of three most referenced websites. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 76:1312-6. [PMID: 22770592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients commonly refer to Internet health-related information. To date, no quantitative comparison of the accuracy and readability of common diagnoses in Pediatric Otolaryngology exist. STUDY AIMS (1) identify the three most frequently referenced Internet sources; (2) compare the content accuracy and (3) ascertain user-friendliness of each site; (4) inform practitioners and patients of the quality of available information. METHODS Twenty-four diagnoses in pediatric otolaryngology were entered in Google and the top five URLs for each were ranked. Articles were accessed for each topic in the three most frequently referenced sites. Standard rubrics were developed to include proprietary scores for content, errors, navigability, and validated metrics of readability. RESULTS Wikipedia, eMedicine, and NLM/NIH MedlinePlus were the most referenced sources. For content accuracy, eMedicine scored highest (84%; p<0.05) over MedlinePlus (49%) and Wikipedia (46%). The highest incidence of errors and omissions per article was found in Wikipedia (0.98±0.19), twice more than eMedicine (0.42±0.19; p<0.05). Errors were similar between MedlinePlus and both eMedicine and Wikipedia. On ratings for user interface, which incorporated Flesch-Kinkaid Reading Level and Flesch Reading Ease, MedlinePlus was the most user-friendly (4.3±0.29). This was nearly twice that of eMedicine (2.4±0.26) and slightly greater than Wikipedia (3.7±0.3). All differences were significant (p<0.05). There were 7 topics for which articles were not available on MedlinePlus. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of the quality of available information on the Internet improves pediatric otolaryngologists' ability to counsel parents. The top web search results for pediatric otolaryngology diagnoses are Wikipedia, MedlinePlus, and eMedicine. Online information varies in quality, with a 46-84% concordance with current textbooks. eMedicine has the most accurate, comprehensive content and fewest errors, but is more challenging to read and navigate. Both Wikipedia and MedlinePlus have lower content accuracy and more errors, however MedlinePlus is simplest of all to read, at a 9th Grade level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Volsky
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 600 Gresham Drive, Ste 1100, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
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Parikh SR, Roy S, Zdanski CJ, Derkay CS, Goudy SL, Hartnick CJ, Kazahaya K, Rutter MJ, White DR. Innovations in Pediatric Otolaryngology: A Video Forum. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599812449008a69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zur KB, O’Malley BW, Derkay CS, Handler SD, Ishman SL. The Bioethics of Innovation and Off-Label Use of Medications. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599812449008a32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Derkay CS, Post JC, Han J, Darrow DH. Biofilms in Otolaryngology: What Does This Mean to the Clinician? Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599811415818a67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Program Description: Virtually all microbes live in biofilm communities. Within these communities, the microbes assume differing specialized roles which confer survival advantages on the community. These communities cause chronic and device-associated infections. The role of biofilms in the persistence of chronic, mucosal-based ENT-related infections was first recognized in otitis media. Within the field of pediatric otolaryngology, biofilms have now been shown to play a role in many infections, including: recurrent acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, cholesteatoma, chronic tonsillitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, and infections of tracheostomies, endotracheal tubes, tympanostomy tubes, and cochlear implants. The recognition that chronic ear, nose, and throat bacterial infections are biofilm-related has been the impetus for the development of new technologies for the study of biofilms and their prevention and treatment. Understanding that chronic bacterial infections are biofilm-related is fundamental to developing rationale strategies for treatment and prevention. Educational Objectives: 1) Appreciate the current state of understanding regarding biofilms in middle ear effusions and recurrent acute otitis media. 2) Understand the contributions that biofilms make toward chronic infections of the tonsils and adenoids. 3) Understand the near and long-term possibilities in treatment and prevention of pediatric otolaryngology infections associated with biofilms.
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Burton MJ, Derkay CS, Rosenfeld RM. Extracts from the Cochrane Library: "Grommets (ventilation tubes) for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion in children". Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011; 144:657-61. [PMID: 21493258 DOI: 10.1177/0194599811405951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Cochrane Corner is a quarterly section in the journal that highlights systematic reviews relevant to otolaryngology–head and neck surgery, with invited commentary to aid clinical decision making. This installment features an updated Cochrane review "Grommets (Ventilation Tubes) for Hearing Loss Associated with Otitis Media with Effusion in Children" that reinforces the modest benefits demonstrated in the original review published in 2005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Burton
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UnitedKingdom
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DeMarcantonio MA, Darrow DH, Gyuricsko E, Derkay CS. Obstructive sleep disorders in Prader-Willi syndrome: The role of surgery and growth hormone. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2010; 74:1270-2. [PMID: 20880597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the effectiveness and safety of surgical intervention for obstructive sleep apnea in Prader-Willi syndrome. BACKGROUND The muscle hypotonia and obesity associated with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) result in a high rate of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The use of growth hormone therapy in these patients has been associated with sudden death, raising concerns that such treatment may exacerbate obstructive sleep apnea. As a result, it has been suggested that children with PWS be evaluated for OSA and indications for adenotonsillectomy prior to instituting growth hormone therapy. The true effectiveness of surgical intervention in these cases, however, remains in doubt. METHODS Retrospective review of patients with a diagnosis of PWS who underwent adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy from January 2001 to July 2009 at a regional, tertiary care children's hospital. Patients underwent pre-operative and post-operative polysomnography. Differences between pre-operative and post-operative body-mass index (BMI), apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), and median oxygen saturation and oxygen saturation nadir were analyzed. RESULTS Five patients were identified during the study period. Three patients underwent adenotonsillectomy, 1 patient adenoidectomy alone, and another adenotonsillectomy with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP). While median AHI was found to have decreased from 16.4 to 4.4, no statistically significant change could be demonstrated (p=0.274). Mean O(2) and nadir O(2) saturation also improved, but without reaching statistical significance. No intra-operative complications were noted. CONCLUSIONS Our series, and other small case series, have demonstrated that complete resolution of sleep apnea in PWS patients is difficult to obtain with upper airway surgery alone. It is suggested that children with PWS being considered for growth hormone therapy undergo assessment for OSA by polysomnography. Patients identified with OSA should be referred for management by tonsillectomy and/or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and then reassessed for residual airway obstruction prior to instituting hormonal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Larson
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
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Gallagher TQ, Wilcox L, McGuire E, Derkay CS. Analyzing factors associated with major complications after adenotonsillectomy in 4776 patients: Comparing three tonsillectomy techniques. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2010; 142:886-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2010.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To compare the rates of major complications (postoperative hemorrhage requiring return to the operating room or cauterization in the emergency department and dehydration requiring intravenous fluids or readmission) in a large cohort of children undergoing adenotonsillectomy by three different techniques. Study Design: Case series with chart review, case-controlled study. Setting: Regional children's hospital. Subjects and Methods: Subjects comprised patients aged 1 to 18 years undergoing adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, or adenotonsillectomy by microdebrider, coblator, or Bovie over a 36-month period. Major complications identified were compared to two case-matched controls to try to identify patients at risk for major postoperative complications. Results: The overall complication rate was 80 of 4776 (1.7 ± 0.4% [percent ± 95% confidence interval]). Of the 3362 patients who received either an adenotonsillectomy or tonsillectomy alone, 80 had a complication (2.3 ± 0.5%). Major complication rates differed among tonsil removal techniques: 34 of 1235 (2.8 ± 0.9%) coblation; 40 of 1289 (3.1 ± 0.9%) electrocautery; six of 824 (0.7 ± 0.7%) microdebrider ( P < 0.001). Postoperative hemorrhage occurred in older children (8.5 vs 5.5 years; P < 0.001), while age did not influence postsurgical dehydration (5.33 vs 5.49 years). The case-control portion of the study did not find any reliable way to identify patients at risk for complications during adenotonsillectomy. Identity of the surgeon was not a confounding independent variable, nor was participation by resident surgeons. Conclusion: In this “real life” teaching hospital surgical setting in which three different techniques of tonsillectomy are routinely performed by a variety of resident and attending surgeons, microdebrider intracapsular tonsillectomy is associated with lower rates of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage and dehydration when compared to coblation and electrocautery complete tonsillectomy technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Q. Gallagher
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth, VA
| | - Lyndy Wilcox
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
- Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
| | - Erin McGuire
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
- Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
| | - Craig S. Derkay
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
- Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
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Wold SM, Derkay CS, Darrow DH, Proud V. Role of the pediatric otolaryngologist in diagnosis and management of children with mucopolysaccharidoses. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2010; 74:27-31. [PMID: 19931921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2009.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Revised: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mucopolysaacharidoses (MPS) represent a spectrum of disorders characterized by the genetic deficiency of specific lysosomal enzymes occurring in as many as 1 in 10,000 live births and resulting in the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans within cells throughout the body. Children have highly variable, multi-systemic involvement that nearly always involves manifestations of the head and neck including recurrent otitis, hearing loss, upper airway obstruction, and characteristic coarse facial features. This places the otolaryngologist in a prime position for early recognition and initiation of treatment. We sought to examine our own experience in dealing with this diverse and often quite devastating clinical entity. METHODS Retrospective chart review of children with mucopolysaccharidoses seen in our tertiary care pediatric otolaryngology clinic accompanied by review of the literature. RESULTS Nine children were identified--five with Hurler syndrome, three with Hunter syndrome, and one with Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome. The median age of diagnosis/genetics referral was 15 months, while median age of presentation to an otolaryngologist was 12 months. Three patients were referred for genetics evaluation based upon initial evaluation/suspicion by an otolaryngologist. Two were diagnosed early because of an affected older sibling. All patients in the series had varying degrees of hearing loss, recurrent otitis, chronic effusions or abnormal facial features, and all patients required placement of at least one set of ventilation tubes. CONCLUSIONS Otolaryngologists have an opportunity to play an increasingly integral role in the multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and management of many children with mucopolysaccharidoses. Clinical suspicion, early recognition, and prompt diagnosis of these challenging disorders is crucial, as outcomes of treatment in many cases appear time-sensitive, with better results being achieved when intervention is initiated at a younger age or prior to progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Wold
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, United States.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is caused by the human papillomavirus types (HPV) 6 and 11. It affects both children and adults. In a small number of cases, the disease can be very aggressive causing significant morbidity and possibly death. Surgical therapy is the primary treatment but in patients with aggressive disease, adjunctive therapy is initiated. The majority of these adjuncts center on immunomodulation, disruption of molecular signaling cascades or interruption of viral replication to help decrease the severity of the disease. Recently, a preventative vaccine has become available but data on its effectiveness will be at least a decade away. In the mean time, researchers are examining other vaccination strategies in the fight against HPV disease. OBJECTIVE We will review the following pharmacotherapies used in the adjunct treatment of RRP: interferon, acyclovir, ribivirin, cidofovir, COX-2 inhibitors, retinoids, anti-reflux medications, zinc, indole-3-carbinol, therapeutic/preventative vaccines. METHODS This is a review paper. Utilizing Medline and Pubmed from 1966 to present, the key words as well as the above listed adjunct treatments were searched for relevant papers. CONCLUSION The evidence supporting each of these adjuncts varies with a majority having only case reports or cases-series to support their use. However, there is hope on the horizon with regard to the HPV vaccine and its potential to prevent future transmission of this disease.
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Burton MJ, Derkay CS, Rosenfeld RM. Extracts fromThe Cochrane Library: Intranasal corticosteroids for moderate to severe adenoidal hypertrophy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2009; 140:451-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2009.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2009] [Revised: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The “Cochrane Corner” is a quarterly section in the Journal that highlights systematic reviews relevant to otolaryngology–head and neck surgery, with invited commentary to aid clinical decision making. This installment features a Cochrane Review entitled “Intranasal corticosteroids for nasal airway obstruction in children with moderate to severe adenoidal hypertrophy,” which finds limited evidence of a short-term improvement in nasal symptoms with a reduction of adenoid size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J. Burton
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Oxford and The Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Craig S. Derkay
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
| | - Richard M. Rosenfeld
- Department of Otolaryngology, State University of New York Downstate and The Long Island College Hospital, Brooklyn, NY
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Buchinsky FJ, Donfack J, Derkay CS, Choi SS, Conley SF, Myer CM, McClay JE, Campisi P, Wiatrak BJ, Sobol SE, Schweinfurth JM, Tsuji DH, Hu FZ, Rockette HE, Ehrlich GD, Post JC. Age of child, more than HPV type, is associated with clinical course in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2263. [PMID: 18509465 PMCID: PMC2386234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RRP is a devastating disease in which papillomas in the airway cause hoarseness and breathing difficulty. The disease is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) 6 or 11 and is very variable. Patients undergo multiple surgeries to maintain a patent airway and in order to communicate vocally. Several small studies have been published in which most have noted that HPV 11 is associated with a more aggressive course. Methodology/Principal Findings Papilloma biopsies were taken from patients undergoing surgical treatment of RRP and were subjected to HPV typing. 118 patients with juvenile-onset RRP with at least 1 year of clinical data and infected with a single HPV type were analyzed. HPV 11 was encountered in 40% of the patients. By our definition, most of the patients in the sample (81%) had run an aggressive course. The odds of a patient with HPV 11 running an aggressive course were 3.9 times higher than that of patients with HPV 6 (Fisher's exact p = 0.017). However, clinical course was more closely associated with age of the patient (at diagnosis and at the time of the current surgery) than with HPV type. Patients with HPV 11 were diagnosed at a younger age (2.4y) than were those with HPV 6 (3.4y) (p = 0.014). Both by multiple linear regression and by multiple logistic regression HPV type was only weakly associated with metrics of disease course when simultaneously accounting for age. Conclusions/Significance Abstract The course of RRP is variable and a quarter of the variability can be accounted for by the age of the patient. HPV 11 is more closely associated with a younger age at diagnosis than it is associated with an aggressive clinical course. These data suggest that there are factors other than HPV type and age of the patient that determine disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrel J Buchinsky
- Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Center for Genomic Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
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Abstract
With a continued desire to reduce the morbidity of tonsil surgery, otolaryngologists have begun to use powered microdebriders to perform partial intracapsular tonsillectomies. This technique has an advantage over conventional tonsillectomy of leaving a biological dressing or residual tonsillar tissue and capsule to protect the underlying musculature with its vessels and nerves. The literature has shown that partial intracapsular tonsillectomy is equally effective at relieving patient's symptoms of obstruction when compared to conventional tonsillectomy and that it appears to reduce the complications of postoperative pain, dehydration, and bleeding. Patients are able to return to normal activity and diet faster as the healing process is accelerated. This article reviews the published data on microdebrider-assisted partial intracapsular tonsillectomy with a discussion of its advantages, potential limitations and areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Vaughan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA.
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Mandell DL, Valdez TA, Johnson KE, Bondy PC, Vaughan AH, Derkay CS. 11:40: Microdebrider vs. Electrocautery Wound Healing Histopathology. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2007.06.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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April MM, Schraff SA, Derkay CS, Manning SC, Rosenfeld RM, Kerschner JE, Wiedermann B. Miniseminar: To Tube or Not to Tube: Is There Controversy? Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2007.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Freed GL, Derkay CS. Subglottic cysts: a cause of pediatric stridor. Ear Nose Throat J 2007; 86:386-7. [PMID: 17702315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gary L Freed
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary L. Freed
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk
| | - Craig S. Derkay
- Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk
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Freed GL, Derkay CS. Prevention of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: role of HPV vaccination. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2006; 70:1799-803. [PMID: 16884786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2006.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2006] [Revised: 06/06/2006] [Accepted: 06/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a rare, but devastating, cause of airway lesions in children and adults. This disease is caused by human papilloma virus subtypes 6 and 11. At this time there are two vaccines in late stages of development seeking Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval to prevent cervical cancer, which is also caused by human papilloma virus. One of these vaccines has been developed to stimulate immunity to the most common subtypes that cause cervical cancer but also includes those responsible for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. With the possibility this could drastically reduce the incidence of RRP, the otolaryngology community should advocate for implementation of a vaccine program that provides effective prevention of HPV infection with subtypes 6 and 11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary L Freed
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 825 Fairfax Avenue, Suite 510, Norfolk, VA 23507, United States
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Schraff SA, Markham J, Welch C, Darrow DH, Derkay CS. Outcomes in children with perforated tympanic membranes after tympanostomy tube placement: results using a pilot treatment algorithm. Am J Otolaryngol 2006; 27:238-43. [PMID: 16798399 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2005.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to examine the success of a pilot treatment algorithm for tympanic membrane perforations in children after tympanostomy tube placement. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective chart review of children with diagnosed tympanic membrane perforations after tympanostomy tube placement from 1998 to 2003 at a tertiary care children's hospital was performed. The patients had been treated according to an algorithm used by 2 pediatric otolaryngologists for management of tympanic membrane perforations: observation vs myringoplasty. Success rates were examined. RESULTS Ninety-five children were identified, 27% of whom had nonhealing perforations after tube extrusion; 73% of the perforations were caused by a retained tube. The median duration of tube retention was 48 months, ranging from 13 to 120 months. After the treatment protocol, 76% of the patients underwent gelatin film or paper patch myringoplasty, 23% had adipose myringoplasty, and 1% were observed. Overall, 91% had healed perforations after the first intervention. Among those requiring a second intervention, the sizes of initial perforations were between 15% and 40%, with postrepair perforation sizes between 5% and 40%. In addition, 75% of those requiring a second intervention underwent tympanoplasty repair and 25% had fat patch myringoplasty. None required a third intervention. CONCLUSIONS Our treatment algorithm for children with tympanic membrane perforations after tympanostomy tube placement appears to be successful and is an excellent model for other clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Schraff
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507-1914, USA
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Donfack J, Buchinsky FJ, Derkay CS, Steinberg BM, Choi SS, Conley SF, Meyer CM, McClay JE, Campisi P, Hu FZ, Preston RA, Abramson AL, Ehrlich GD, Post JC. Four mutations in Epidermodysplasia verruciformis 1 (EVER1) gene are not contributors to susceptibility in RRP. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2006; 70:1235-40. [PMID: 16487602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2006.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2005] [Revised: 01/02/2006] [Accepted: 01/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidermodysplasia verruciformis is a skin disease characterized by abnormal susceptibility to human papilloma viruses. Recently four mutations in the Epidermodysplasia verruciformis 1 gene (EVER1, also known as TMC6) have been associated with the disease. Because of the phenotypic similarity between Epidermodysplasia verruciformis and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, we decided to investigate whether any of these mutations accounts for the susceptibility to human papilloma viruses in subjects with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). METHODS Allele-specific PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were employed for genotyping a cohort of 101 patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. RESULTS None of these four mutations were found in the studied subjects. CONCLUSION The absence of these mutations in RRP patients might indicate that EVER 1 alleles are not associated with susceptibility to RRP, or that other, as yet unidentified, mutations in the Epidermodysplasia verruciformis 1 gene, might account for the susceptibility to RRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Donfack
- Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, 320 East North Avenue, 11th Floor, South Tower, Room 1171, Pittsburgh, PA 15212-4772, USA
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Abstract
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a frustrating and challenging disease for surgeons, patients, and patients' families. Although the voice and airway manifestations are managed surgically, a "cure" for this disease remains elusive. In this edition of the "Seminar Series," we endeavor to review the current literature regarding the epidemiology, etiology, clinical manifestations, and surgical and medical treatments of this disorder. The key to future management of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis may lie in its prevention, if current efforts to develop an effective vaccine come to fruition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Derkay
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 825 Fairfax Ave, Suite 510, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
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Derkay CS, Smith RJH, McClay J, van Burik JAH, Wiatrak BJ, Arnold J, Berger B, Neefe JR. HspE7 treatment of pediatric recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: final results of an open-label trial. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2005; 114:730-7. [PMID: 16240938 DOI: 10.1177/000348940511400913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of HspE7, a recombinant fusion protein of Hsp65 from Mycobacterium bovis BCG and E7 protein from human papillomavirus 16, to improve the clinical course of pediatric patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. METHODS An open-label, single-arm intervention study was conducted in 8 university-affiliated medical centers. Twenty-seven male and female patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, ages 2 to 18 years, were enrolled and followed up to 60 weeks. Before enrollment, these patients required surgery on average every 55 days. After a baseline debulking surgery, the patients received HspE7 500 microg subcutaneously monthly, for 3 doses over 60 days. The primary end point was the length of the interval from the last surgery during the treatment period until the first debulking surgery in the posttreatment period, compared with the median intersurgical interval (ISI) of the 4 surgeries before the treatment. RESULTS The mean of the first posttreatment ISI increased 93% (from 55 days to 106 days; p < .02). The median ISI for all surgeries after treatment was similarly prolonged (mean, 107 days; p < .02), indicating a sustained treatment effect, and was associated with a significant decrease in the number of required surgeries (p < .003). Unexpectedly, the treatment effect was most striking in the 13 female patients, who had statistically significant increases in both the first posttreatment ISI (142%; p < .03) and the median ISI (147%; p < .03). The most common adverse events were mild-to-moderate injection site reactions. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with HspE7 appears to significantly improve the clinical course in pediatric patients with RRP insofar as it reduces the frequency of required surgeries. These results warrant a confirmatory phase III trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Derkay
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The role of surgery in the treatment of pediatric sinusitis is still in evolution. This review of recent literature highlights developments in the study of pediatric sinusitis, particularly as it pertains to surgical intervention. RECENT FINDINGS There is growing support in the literature for adenoidectomy as a first-line surgical intervention for chronic rhinosinusitis in children when maximal medical management fails. Maxillary sinus aspiration or middle meatal culture can be performed at the same sitting to facilitate directed antibiotic therapy. Intravenous antibiotics seem to be a promising alternative to functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), especially in younger children. Current literature continues to support FESS as a safe and effective treatment for pediatric sinus disease. Previous notions that FESS may inhibit midfacial growth have been challenged by several recent studies. There is no clear consensus regarding timing of FESS for chronic rhinosinusitis. However, the current literature seems to support FESS when maximal medical therapy, adenoidectomy, and culture-directed systemic antibiotics have all failed with persistence of sinonasal disease, when anatomic abnormalities predispose to chronic rhinosinusitis by obstructing normal sinonasal drainage pathways, in sinonasal polyposis to facilitate application of topical steroids, as an adjunct to desensitization in aspirin-sensitive patients, when orbital or intracranial complications of sinonasal disease occur, and in selected cystic fibrosis patients to improve quality of life and facilitate application of topical antibiotics with activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. SUMMARY Although the current literature lends some additional clarity to the indications for surgical intervention in pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis, additional research is still needed to elucidate appropriate timing for surgery and more specific indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Lieser
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, USA
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Derkay CS, Hester RP, Burke B, Carron J, Lawson L. Analysis of a staging assessment system for prediction of surgical interval in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2004; 68:1493-8. [PMID: 15533560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2004.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2003] [Revised: 06/19/2004] [Accepted: 06/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A staging system for assessment of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) has been in use over the last 3 years for 17 patients at our children's hospital. OBJECTIVE To evaluate a staging system for assessment of RRP on the basis of the predictive value on the surgical interval of: anatomic staging system score, urgency of intervention, voice quality, and stridor. To assess effect on surgical interval of the age of patient at time of surgery and use of adjuvant therapy. To develop a model based on the staging criteria to predict need for adjuvant therapy. DESIGN Validation cohort. SETTING Academic children's hospital. RESULTS Estimated time to surgery decreased by "x days": "independent variable" "(95% CI)" as follows. Four days: each 1 point in total anatomical score (0.2, 8); 120 days: total anatomical score >20 (37,203); 143 days: urgent versus scheduled surgery (42, 243); 100 days: aphonic versus normal voice (-211, 343); 31 days: abnormal versus normal voice (-281, 343); 125 days: stridor at rest versus no stridor (-31, 281); 109 days: stridor with activity versus no stridor (19, 198); 26 days: each 1 year decrease in age (22, 30). Adjuvant therapy delays next surgery by 32 days (-4, 69) and average scores decreased while on adjuvant therapy. CONCLUSIONS Elements of our proposed staging system are effective in prediction of surgical interval with statistical significance achieved for total anatomical scores, urgency of intervention and stridor with activity versus no stridor. This study is pilot in nature and provides a framework upon which future studies can be based. The analysis of a larger, more severity diverse population could yield results which lead to a model capable of effectively predicting future surgical interval based on a weighted prediction score calculated from age, comorbidities, anatomic staging score, and clinical staging score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Derkay
- Department Otolaryngology and Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, The Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, 825 Fairfax Avenue, Suite 510, Norfolk, VA 23507-1914, USA.
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