1
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Petr MA, Matiyevskaya F, Osborne B, Berglind M, Reves S, Zhang B, Ezra MB, Carmona-Marin LM, Syadzha MF, Mediavilla MC, Keijzers G, Bakula D, Mkrtchyan GV, Scheibye-Knudsen M. Pharmacological interventions in human aging. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102213. [PMID: 38309591 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Pharmacological interventions are emerging as potential avenues of alleviating age-related disease. However, the knowledge of ongoing clinical trials as they relate to aging and pharmacological interventions is dispersed across a variety of mediums. In this review we summarize 136 age-related clinical trials that have been completed or are ongoing. Furthermore, we establish a database that describe the trials (AgingDB, www.agingdb.com) keeping track of the previous and ongoing clinical trials, alongside their outcomes. The aim of this review and database is to give people the ability to easily query for their trial of interest and stay up to date on the latest results. In sum, herein we give an overview of the current pharmacological strategies that have been applied to target human aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Angelo Petr
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Frida Matiyevskaya
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Brenna Osborne
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Magnus Berglind
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Simon Reves
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Bin Zhang
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Michael Ben Ezra
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Lina Maria Carmona-Marin
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Muhammad Farraz Syadzha
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Marta Cortés Mediavilla
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Guido Keijzers
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Daniela Bakula
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Garik V Mkrtchyan
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Morten Scheibye-Knudsen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.
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2
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Worm C, Schambye MER, Mkrtchyan GV, Veviorskiy A, Shneyderman A, Ozerov IV, Zhavoronkov A, Bakula D, Scheibye-Knudsen M. Defining the progeria phenome. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:2026-2046. [PMID: 38345566 PMCID: PMC10911340 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Progeroid disorders are a heterogenous group of rare and complex hereditary syndromes presenting with pleiotropic phenotypes associated with normal aging. Due to the large variation in clinical presentation the diseases pose a diagnostic challenge for clinicians which consequently restricts medical research. To accommodate the challenge, we compiled a list of known progeroid syndromes and calculated the mean prevalence of their associated phenotypes, defining what we term the 'progeria phenome'. The data were used to train a support vector machine that is available at https://www.mitodb.com and able to classify progerias based on phenotypes. Furthermore, this allowed us to investigate the correlation of progeroid syndromes and syndromes with various pathogenesis using hierarchical clustering algorithms and disease networks. We detected that ataxia-telangiectasia like disorder 2, spastic paraplegia 49 and Meier-Gorlin syndrome display strong association to progeroid syndromes, thereby implying that the syndromes are previously unrecognized progerias. In conclusion, our study has provided tools to evaluate the likelihood of a syndrome or patient being progeroid. This is a considerable step forward in our understanding of what constitutes a premature aging disorder and how to diagnose them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Worm
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Garik V. Mkrtchyan
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander Veviorskiy
- Insilico Medicine AI Limited, Level 6, Unit 08, Block A, IRENA HQ Building, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Ivan V. Ozerov
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Limited, Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine AI Limited, Level 6, Unit 08, Block A, IRENA HQ Building, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Limited, Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniela Bakula
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Scheibye-Knudsen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Heckenbach I, Mkrtchyan GV, Ezra MB, Bakula D, Madsen JS, Nielsen MH, Oró D, Osborne B, Covarrubias AJ, Idda ML, Gorospe M, Mortensen L, Verdin E, Westendorp R, Scheibye-Knudsen M. Nuclear morphology is a deep learning biomarker of cellular senescence. Nat Aging 2022; 2:742-755. [PMID: 37118134 PMCID: PMC10154217 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an important factor in aging and many age-related diseases, but understanding its role in health is challenging due to the lack of exclusive or universal markers. Using neural networks, we predict senescence from the nuclear morphology of human fibroblasts with up to 95% accuracy, and investigate murine astrocytes, murine neurons, and fibroblasts with premature aging in culture. After generalizing our approach, the predictor recognizes higher rates of senescence in p21-positive and ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU)-negative nuclei in tissues and shows an increasing rate of senescent cells with age in H&E-stained murine liver tissue and human dermal biopsies. Evaluating medical records reveals that higher rates of senescent cells correspond to decreased rates of malignant neoplasms and increased rates of osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, hypertension and cerebral infarction. In sum, we show that morphological alterations of the nucleus can serve as a deep learning predictor of senescence that is applicable across tissues and species and is associated with health outcomes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Heckenbach
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Tracked.bio, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Garik V Mkrtchyan
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Ben Ezra
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Methods and Analysis, Statistics Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniela Bakula
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Sture Madsen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Brenna Osborne
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anthony J Covarrubias
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Laura Idda
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sassari, Italy
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laust Mortensen
- Methods and Analysis, Statistics Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Rudi Westendorp
- Methods and Analysis, Statistics Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Scheibye-Knudsen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Tracked.bio, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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4
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Abstract
The risk of morbidity and mortality increases exponentially with age. Chronic inflammation, accumulation of DNA damage, dysfunctional mitochondria, and increased senescent cell load are factors contributing to this. Mechanistic investigations have revealed specific pathways and processes which, proposedly, cause age-related phenotypes such as frailty, reduced physical resilience, and multi-morbidity. Among promising treatments alleviating the consequences of aging are caloric restriction and pharmacologically targeting longevity pathways such as the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), sirtuins, and anti-apoptotic pathways in senescent cells. Regulation of these pathways and processes has revealed significant health- and lifespan extending results in animal models. Nevertheless, it remains unclear if similar results translate to humans. A requirement of translation are the development of age- and morbidity associated biomarkers as longitudinal trials are difficult and not feasible, practical, nor ethical when human life span is the endpoint. Current biomarkers and the results of anti-aging intervention studies in humans will be covered within this paper. The future of clinical trials targeting aging may be phase 2 and 3 studies with larger populations if safety and tolerability of investigated medication continues not to be a hurdle for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Leth Nielsen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniela Bakula
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Scheibye-Knudsen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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5
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Meron E, Thaysen M, Angeli S, Antebi A, Barzilai N, Baur JA, Bekker-Jensen S, Birkisdottir M, Bischof E, Bruening J, Brunet A, Buchwalter A, Cabreiro F, Cai S, Chen BH, Ermolaeva M, Ewald CY, Ferrucci L, Florian MC, Fortney K, Freund A, Georgievskaya A, Gladyshev VN, Glass D, Golato T, Gorbunova V, Hoejimakers J, Houtkooper RH, Jager S, Jaksch F, Janssens G, Jensen MB, Kaeberlein M, Karsenty G, de Keizer P, Kennedy B, Kirkland JL, Kjaer M, Kroemer G, Lee KF, Lemaitre JM, Liaskos D, Longo VD, Lu YX, MacArthur MR, Maier AB, Manakanatas C, Mitchell SJ, Moskalev A, Niedernhofer L, Ozerov I, Partridge L, Passegué E, Petr MA, Peyer J, Radenkovic D, Rando TA, Rattan S, Riedel CG, Rudolph L, Ai R, Serrano M, Schumacher B, Sinclair DA, Smith R, Suh Y, Taub P, Trapp A, Trendelenburg AU, Valenzano DR, Verburgh K, Verdin E, Vijg J, Westendorp RGJ, Zonari A, Bakula D, Zhavoronkov A, Scheibye-Knudsen M. Meeting Report: Aging Research and Drug Discovery. Aging (Albany NY) 2022. [PMID: 35089871 PMCID: PMC8833115 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the single largest risk factor for most chronic diseases, and thus possesses large socioeconomic interest to continuously aging societies. Consequently, the field of aging research is expanding alongside a growing focus from the industry and investors in aging research. This year’s 8th Annual Aging Research and Drug Discovery (ARDD) meeting was organized as a hybrid meeting from August 30th to September 3rd 2021 with more than 130 attendees participating on-site at the Ceremonial Hall at University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and 1800 engaging online. The conference comprised of presentations from 75 speakers focusing on new research in topics including mechanisms of aging and how these can be modulated as well as the use of AI and new standards of practices within aging research. This year, a longevity workshop was included to build stronger connections with the clinical community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Meron
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Thaysen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Suzanne Angeli
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Adam Antebi
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Institute for Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Smilow Center for Translational Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Simon Bekker-Jensen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Birkisdottir
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Evelyne Bischof
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, College of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jens Bruening
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne Brunet
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Abigail Buchwalter
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Filipe Cabreiro
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK.,CECAD Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shiqing Cai
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Brian H Chen
- FOXO Technologies Inc, Minneapolis, MN 55402, USA.,The Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Collin Y Ewald
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach CH-8603, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | | | | - Adam Freund
- Arda Therapeutics, San Carlos, CA 94070, USA
| | | | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David Glass
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Vera Gorbunova
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Jan Hoejimakers
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sibylle Jager
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | | | - Georges Janssens
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Gerard Karsenty
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter de Keizer
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Division of Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Brian Kennedy
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA.,Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore.,Center for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - James L Kirkland
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Paris, France
| | - Kai-Fu Lee
- Sinovation Ventures and Sinovation AI Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jean-Marc Lemaitre
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, INSERM UMR 1183, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Valter D Longo
- USC Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Yu-Xuan Lu
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael R MacArthur
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Center for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore.,Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Sarah J Mitchell
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Institute of Biology of FRC Komi Science Center of Ural Division of RAS, Syktyvkar, Russia.,Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Laura Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ivan Ozerov
- Insilico Medicine, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong
| | - Linda Partridge
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Michael A Petr
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Tracked.bio, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Dina Radenkovic
- Hooke London by Health and Longevity Optimisation, London, UK
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences and Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Suresh Rattan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christian G Riedel
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ruixue Ai
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology
- UiO, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Norway
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Björn Schumacher
- CECAD Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David A Sinclair
- Blavatnik Institute, Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 94107, USA
| | | | - Yousin Suh
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Pam Taub
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alexandre Trapp
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Dario Riccardo Valenzano
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.,Leibniz Institute on Aging, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Jan Vijg
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | | | - Daniela Bakula
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong
| | - Morten Scheibye-Knudsen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Homolak J, Nikolić M, Potoč D, Živković M, Bakula D, Budimir I, Pavić I, Hrabar D, Ljubičić N, Vražić D. The onset of ulcerative colitis upon Helicobacter pylori eradication in a 72-year-old woman: report of a rare case with a 3-year follow-up. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:303. [PMID: 34332529 PMCID: PMC8325205 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01876-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies suggest an inverse association between H. pylori infection/exposure and inflammatory bowel disease prevalence/incidence, however, there are no reports of individual patients who developed a "non-transient" ulcerative colitis (UC) following H. pylori eradication. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of a 72-year-old female with an elderly-onset UC developed upon H. pylori eradication and a 3-year follow-up of the progression to steroid-dependent colitis complicated with enteropathic arthritis and final containment of the disease with golimumab. In our patient, H. pylori eradication was associated with the development of pancolitis that evolved into clinically, endoscopically, and pathohistologically confirmed UC. CONCLUSIONS The case of our patient provides a unique clinical context for a growing body of literature suggesting molecular mechanisms involved in the interaction of genes, environment, and microbiota to be of critical importance in the etiopathogenesis of UC, and thus, provides a valuable set of complementary translational information for preclinical and epidemiological research on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Homolak
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Nikolić
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, University Hospital Centre "Sestre Milosrdnice", Vinogradska 29, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia. .,University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - D Potoč
- University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Živković
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, University Hospital Centre "Sestre Milosrdnice", Vinogradska 29, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - D Bakula
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, University Hospital Centre "Sestre Milosrdnice", Vinogradska 29, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - I Budimir
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, University Hospital Centre "Sestre Milosrdnice", Vinogradska 29, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.,University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - I Pavić
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Centre "Sestre Milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - D Hrabar
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, University Hospital Centre "Sestre Milosrdnice", Vinogradska 29, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.,University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - N Ljubičić
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, University Hospital Centre "Sestre Milosrdnice", Vinogradska 29, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.,University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - D Vražić
- Department of Periodontology, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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7
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Mkrtchyan GV, Abdelmohsen K, Andreux P, Bagdonaite I, Barzilai N, Brunak S, Cabreiro F, de Cabo R, Campisi J, Cuervo AM, Demaria M, Ewald CY, Fang EF, Faragher R, Ferrucci L, Freund A, Silva-García CG, Georgievskaya A, Gladyshev VN, Glass DJ, Gorbunova V, de Grey A, He WW, Hoeijmakers J, Hoffmann E, Horvath S, Houtkooper RH, Jensen MK, Jensen MB, Kane A, Kassem M, de Keizer P, Kennedy B, Karsenty G, Lamming DW, Lee KF, MacAulay N, Mamoshina P, Mellon J, Molenaars M, Moskalev A, Mund A, Niedernhofer L, Osborne B, Pak HH, Parkhitko A, Raimundo N, Rando TA, Rasmussen LJ, Reis C, Riedel CG, Franco-Romero A, Schumacher B, Sinclair DA, Suh Y, Taub PR, Toiber D, Treebak JT, Valenzano DR, Verdin E, Vijg J, Young S, Zhang L, Bakula D, Zhavoronkov A, Scheibye-Knudsen M. ARDD 2020: from aging mechanisms to interventions. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:24484-24503. [PMID: 33378272 PMCID: PMC7803558 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is emerging as a druggable target with growing interest from academia, industry and investors. New technologies such as artificial intelligence and advanced screening techniques, as well as a strong influence from the industry sector may lead to novel discoveries to treat age-related diseases. The present review summarizes presentations from the 7th Annual Aging Research and Drug Discovery (ARDD) meeting, held online on the 1st to 4th of September 2020. The meeting covered topics related to new methodologies to study aging, knowledge about basic mechanisms of longevity, latest interventional strategies to target the aging process as well as discussions about the impact of aging research on society and economy. More than 2000 participants and 65 speakers joined the meeting and we already look forward to an even larger meeting next year. Please mark your calendars for the 8th ARDD meeting that is scheduled for the 31st of August to 3rd of September, 2021, at Columbia University, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garik V. Mkrtchyan
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Pénélope Andreux
- Amazentis SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Bâtiment C, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ieva Bagdonaite
- Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Filipe Cabreiro
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Marco Demaria
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Collin Y. Ewald
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute for Technology Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Evandro Fei Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Richard Faragher
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Adam Freund
- Calico Life Sciences, LLC, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Carlos G. Silva-García
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David J. Glass
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | | | - Wei-Wu He
- Human Longevity Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jan Hoeijmakers
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Hoffmann
- DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steve Horvath
- Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Riekelt H. Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Majken K. Jensen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Alice Kane
- Blavatnik Institute, Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 94107, USA
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Molecular Endocrinology Unit, Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Odense and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter de Keizer
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Division of Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Brian Kennedy
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, National University Healthy System, Singapore
| | - Gerard Karsenty
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Dudley W. Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison and William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Kai-Fu Lee
- Sinovation Ventures and Sinovation AI Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Nanna MacAulay
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Polina Mamoshina
- Deep Longevity Inc., Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong
| | - Jim Mellon
- Juvenescence Limited, Douglas, Isle of Man, UK
| | - Marte Molenaars
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Institute of Biology of FRC Komi Science Center of Ural Division of RAS, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Andreas Mund
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Brenna Osborne
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heidi H. Pak
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison and William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | | | - Nuno Raimundo
- Institute of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Thomas A. Rando
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences and Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lene Juel Rasmussen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Christian G. Riedel
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Björn Schumacher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David A. Sinclair
- Blavatnik Institute, Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 94107, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yousin Suh
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Pam R. Taub
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Debra Toiber
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Jonas T. Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Jan Vijg
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Lei Zhang
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Daniela Bakula
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong
| | - Morten Scheibye-Knudsen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Osborne B, Bakula D, Ben Ezra M, Dresen C, Hartmann E, Kristensen SM, Mkrtchyan GV, Nielsen MH, Petr MA, Scheibye-Knudsen M. New methodologies in ageing research. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101094. [PMID: 32512174 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is arguably the most complex phenotype that occurs in humans. To understand and treat ageing as well as associated diseases, highly specialised technologies are emerging that reveal critical insight into the underlying mechanisms and provide new hope for previously untreated diseases. Herein, we describe the latest developments in cutting edge technologies applied across the field of ageing research. We cover emerging model organisms, high-throughput methodologies and machine-driven approaches. In all, this review will give you a glimpse of what will be pushing the field onwards and upwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna Osborne
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniela Bakula
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Ben Ezra
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Dresen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Esben Hartmann
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stella M Kristensen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Garik V Mkrtchyan
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Malte H Nielsen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael A Petr
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Scheibye-Knudsen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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9
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Abstract
Maintaining mitochondrial health is emerging as a keystone in aging and associated diseases. The selective degradation of mitochondria by mitophagy is of particular importance in keeping a pristine mitochondrial pool. Indeed, inherited monogenic diseases with defects in mitophagy display complex multisystem pathologies but particularly progressive neurodegeneration. Fortunately, therapies are being developed that target mitophagy allowing new hope for treatments for previously incurable diseases. Herein, we describe mitophagy and associated diseases, coin the term mitophaging and describe new small molecule interventions that target different steps in the mitophagic pathway. Consequently, several age-associated diseases may be treated by targeting mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bakula
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Scheibye-Knudsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Schmidt J, Mayer AK, Bakula D, Freude J, Weber JJ, Weiss A, Riess O, Schmidt T. Vulnerability of frontal brain neurons for the toxicity of expanded ataxin-3. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:1463-1473. [PMID: 30576445 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is caused by the expansion of CAG repeats in the ATXN3 gene leading to an elongated polyglutamine tract in the ataxin-3 protein. Previously, we demonstrated that symptoms of SCA3 are reversible in the first conditional mouse model for SCA3 directing ataxin-3 predominantly to the hindbrain. Here, we report on the effects of transgenic ataxin-3 expression in forebrain regions. Employing the Tet-off CamKII-promoter mouse line and our previously published SCA3 responder line, we generated double transgenic mice (CamKII/MJD77), which develop a neurological phenotype characterized by impairment in rotarod performance, and deficits in learning new motor tasks as well as hyperactivity. Ataxin-3 and ubiquitin-positive inclusions are detected in brains of double transgenic CamKII/MJD77 mice. After turning off the expression of pathologically expanded ataxin-3, these inclusions disappear. However, the observed phenotype could not be reversed, very likely due to pronounced apoptotic cell death in the frontal brain. Our data demonstrate that cerebellar expression is not required to induce a neurological phenotype using expanded ATXN3 as well as the pronounced sensibility of forebrain neurons for toxic ataxin-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schmidt
- SCA3 research group, Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,NGS Competence Center, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anja K Mayer
- SCA3 research group, Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,NGS Competence Center, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Bakula
- SCA3 research group, Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,NGS Competence Center, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Freude
- SCA3 research group, Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,NGS Competence Center, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jonasz J Weber
- SCA3 research group, Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,NGS Competence Center, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Olaf Riess
- SCA3 research group, Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,NGS Competence Center, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schmidt
- SCA3 research group, Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,NGS Competence Center, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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11
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Bakula D, Ablasser A, Aguzzi A, Antebi A, Barzilai N, Bittner MI, Jensen MB, Calkhoven CF, Chen D, Grey ADNJD, Feige JN, Georgievskaya A, Gladyshev VN, Golato T, Gudkov AV, Hoppe T, Kaeberlein M, Katajisto P, Kennedy BK, Lal U, Martin-Villalba A, Moskalev AA, Ozerov I, Petr MA, Reason, Rubinsztein DC, Tyshkovskiy A, Vanhaelen Q, Zhavoronkov A, Scheibye-Knudsen M. Latest advances in aging research and drug discovery. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:9971-9981. [PMID: 31770722 PMCID: PMC6914421 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An increasing aging population poses a significant challenge to societies worldwide. A better understanding of the molecular, cellular, organ, tissue, physiological, psychological, and even sociological changes that occur with aging is needed in order to treat age-associated diseases. The field of aging research is rapidly expanding with multiple advances transpiring in many previously disconnected areas. Several major pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and consumer companies made aging research a priority and are building internal expertise, integrating aging research into traditional business models and exploring new go-to-market strategies. Many of these efforts are spearheaded by the latest advances in artificial intelligence, namely deep learning, including generative and reinforcement learning. To facilitate these trends, the Center for Healthy Aging at the University of Copenhagen and Insilico Medicine are building a community of Key Opinion Leaders (KOLs) in these areas and launched the annual conference series titled “Aging Research and Drug Discovery (ARDD)” held in the capital of the pharmaceutical industry, Basel, Switzerland (www.agingpharma.org). This ARDD collection contains summaries from the 6th annual meeting that explored aging mechanisms and new interventions in age-associated diseases. The 7th annual ARDD exhibition will transpire 2nd-4th of September, 2020, in Basel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bakula
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrea Ablasser
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adam Antebi
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | | | - Cornelis F Calkhoven
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Danica Chen
- Program in Metabolic Biology, Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Jerome N Feige
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Andrei V Gudkov
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center and Genome Protection, Inc., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Thorsten Hoppe
- Institute for Genetics and CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Pekka Katajisto
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Brian K Kennedy
- Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Healthy Ageing, National University Healthy System, Singapore.,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Unmesh Lal
- Frost and Sullivan, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Alexey A Moskalev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Biology of Komi Science Center of Ural Branch of RAS, Syktyvkar, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Ivan Ozerov
- Pharmaceutical Artificial Intelligence Department, Insilico Medicine, Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Michael A Petr
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reason
- Repair Biotechnologies, Inc., Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander Tyshkovskiy
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Quentin Vanhaelen
- Pharmaceutical Artificial Intelligence Department, Insilico Medicine, Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Pharmaceutical Artificial Intelligence Department, Insilico Medicine, Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Morten Scheibye-Knudsen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Bakula D, Mueller AJ, Proikas-Cezanne T. WIPI β-propellers function as scaffolds for STK11/LKB1-AMPK and AMPK-related kinase signaling in autophagy. Autophagy 2018; 14:1082-1083. [PMID: 28976799 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1382784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The article discusses new findings on the role of the 4 human WIPI proteins at the onset of macroautophagy/autophagy. New insights revealing a circuit scaffold function of WIPI β-propellers that interconnect autophagy signaling control with appropriate autophagosome formation are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bakula
- a Department of Molecular Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology , Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen , Germany.,b International Max Planck Research School 'From Molecules to Organisms' , Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology and Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Amelie J Mueller
- a Department of Molecular Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology , Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen , Germany.,b International Max Planck Research School 'From Molecules to Organisms' , Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology and Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Tassula Proikas-Cezanne
- a Department of Molecular Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology , Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen , Germany.,b International Max Planck Research School 'From Molecules to Organisms' , Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology and Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen , Germany
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13
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Keijzers
- From the Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen
| | - Daniela Bakula
- From the Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen
| | - Morten Scheibye-Knudsen
- From the Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen
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15
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Bakula D, Müller AJ, Zuleger T, Takacs Z, Franz-Wachtel M, Thost AK, Brigger D, Tschan MP, Frickey T, Robenek H, Macek B, Proikas-Cezanne T. WIPI3 and WIPI4 β-propellers are scaffolds for LKB1-AMPK-TSC signalling circuits in the control of autophagy. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15637. [PMID: 28561066 PMCID: PMC5460038 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is controlled by AMPK and mTOR, both of which associate with ULK1 and control the production of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P), a prerequisite for autophagosome formation. Here we report that WIPI3 and WIPI4 scaffold the signal control of autophagy upstream of PtdIns3P production and have a role in the PtdIns3P effector function of WIPI1-WIPI2 at nascent autophagosomes. In response to LKB1-mediated AMPK stimulation, WIPI4-ATG2 is released from a WIPI4-ATG2/AMPK-ULK1 complex and translocates to nascent autophagosomes, controlling their size, to which WIPI3, in complex with FIP200, also contributes. Upstream, WIPI3 associates with AMPK-activated TSC complex at lysosomes, regulating mTOR. Our WIPI interactome analysis reveals the scaffold functions of WIPI proteins interconnecting autophagy signal control and autophagosome formation. Our functional kinase screen uncovers a novel regulatory link between LKB1-mediated AMPK stimulation that produces a direct signal via WIPI4, and we show that the AMPK-related kinases NUAK2 and BRSK2 regulate autophagy through WIPI4. During autophagy, AMPK and mTOR associate with ULK1 and regulate phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) production that mediates autophagosome formation via WIPI proteins. Here the authors show WIPI3 and WIPI4 have a scaffolding function upstream of PtdIns3P production and have a role in the PtdIns3P effector function of WIPI1-WIPI2 at nascent autophagosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bakula
- Department of Molecular Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School 'From Molecules to Organisms', Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology and Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Amelie J Müller
- Department of Molecular Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School 'From Molecules to Organisms', Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology and Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Theresia Zuleger
- Department of Molecular Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Zsuzsanna Takacs
- Department of Molecular Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School 'From Molecules to Organisms', Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology and Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mirita Franz-Wachtel
- Proteome Center Tuebingen, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Thost
- Department of Molecular Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Brigger
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mario P Tschan
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tancred Frickey
- Department of Biology, Applied Bioinformatics, Konstanz University, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Horst Robenek
- Institute of Experimental Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Boris Macek
- International Max Planck Research School 'From Molecules to Organisms', Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology and Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.,Proteome Center Tuebingen, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tassula Proikas-Cezanne
- Department of Molecular Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School 'From Molecules to Organisms', Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology and Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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16
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Pfisterer SG, Bakula D, Frickey T, Cezanne A, Brigger D, Tschan MP, Robenek H, Proikas-Cezanne T. Lipid droplet and early autophagosomal membrane targeting of Atg2A and Atg14L in human tumor cells. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:1267-78. [PMID: 24776541 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m046359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal bulk degradation pathway for cytoplasmic cargo, such as long-lived proteins, lipids, and organelles. Induced upon nutrient starvation, autophagic degradation is accomplished by the concerted actions of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins. Here we demonstrate that two ATGs, human Atg2A and Atg14L, colocalize at cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs) and are functionally involved in controlling the number and size of LDs in human tumor cell lines. We show that Atg2A is targeted to cytoplasmic ADRP-positive LDs that migrate bidirectionally along microtubules. The LD localization of Atg2A was found to be independent of the autophagic status. Further, Atg2A colocalized with Atg14L under nutrient-rich conditions when autophagy was not induced. Upon nutrient starvation and dependent on phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [PtdIns(3)P] generation, both Atg2A and Atg14L were also specifically targeted to endoplasmic reticulum-associated early autophagosomal membranes, marked by the PtdIns(3)P effectors double-FYVE containing protein 1 (DFCP1) and WD-repeat protein interacting with phosphoinositides 1 (WIPI-1), both of which function at the onset of autophagy. These data provide evidence for additional roles of Atg2A and Atg14L in the formation of early autophagosomal membranes and also in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon G Pfisterer
- Autophagy Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Bakula
- Autophagy Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany International Max Planck Research School 'From Molecules to Organisms', Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology and Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tancred Frickey
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratory, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Alice Cezanne
- Autophagy Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Brigger
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mario P Tschan
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Horst Robenek
- Leibniz Institute for Arteriosklerosis Research, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Tassula Proikas-Cezanne
- Autophagy Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany International Max Planck Research School 'From Molecules to Organisms', Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology and Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Engedal N, Torgersen ML, Guldvik IJ, Barfeld SJ, Bakula D, Sætre F, Hagen LK, Patterson JB, Proikas-Cezanne T, Seglen PO, Simonsen A, Mills IG. Modulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis blocks autophagosome formation. Autophagy 2013; 9:1475-90. [PMID: 23970164 DOI: 10.4161/auto.25900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular stress responses often involve elevation of cytosolic calcium levels, and this has been suggested to stimulate autophagy. Here, however, we demonstrated that agents that alter intracellular calcium ion homeostasis and induce ER stress-the calcium ionophore A23187 and the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca (2+)-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin (TG)-potently inhibit autophagy. This anti-autophagic effect occurred under both nutrient-rich and amino acid starvation conditions, and was reflected by a strong reduction in autophagic degradation of long-lived proteins. Furthermore, we found that the calcium-modulating agents inhibited autophagosome biogenesis at a step after the acquisition of WIPI1, but prior to the closure of the autophagosome. The latter was evident from the virtually complete inability of A23187- or TG-treated cells to sequester cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase. Moreover, we observed a decrease in both the number and size of starvation-induced EGFP-LC3 puncta as well as reduced numbers of mRFP-LC3 puncta in a tandem fluorescent mRFP-EGFP-LC3 cell line. The anti-autophagic effect of A23187 and TG was independent of ER stress, as chemical or siRNA-mediated inhibition of the unfolded protein response did not alter the ability of the calcium modulators to block autophagy. Finally, and remarkably, we found that the anti-autophagic activity of the calcium modulators did not require sustained or bulk changes in cytosolic calcium levels. In conclusion, we propose that local perturbations in intracellular calcium levels can exert inhibitory effects on autophagy at the stage of autophagosome expansion and closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Engedal
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM); Nordic EMBL Partnership; University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria L Torgersen
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid J Guldvik
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM); Nordic EMBL Partnership; University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefan J Barfeld
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM); Nordic EMBL Partnership; University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniela Bakula
- Autophagy Laboratory; Department of Molecular Biology; Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology; Faculty of Science; Eberhard Karls University; Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Frank Sætre
- Department of Cell Biology; Institute for Cancer Research; Norwegian Radium Hospital; Oslo University Hospital; Nydalen, Oslo Norway
| | - Linda K Hagen
- Department of Cell Biology; Institute for Cancer Research; Norwegian Radium Hospital; Oslo University Hospital; Nydalen, Oslo Norway
| | | | - Tassula Proikas-Cezanne
- Autophagy Laboratory; Department of Molecular Biology; Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology; Faculty of Science; Eberhard Karls University; Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Per O Seglen
- Department of Cell Biology; Institute for Cancer Research; Norwegian Radium Hospital; Oslo University Hospital; Nydalen, Oslo Norway
| | - Anne Simonsen
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Ian G Mills
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM); Nordic EMBL Partnership; University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Cancer Prevention and Department of Urology; Oslo University Hospitals; Oslo, Norway
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Rieter E, Vinke F, Bakula D, Cebollero E, Ungermann C, Proikas-Cezanne T, Reggiori F. Atg18 function in autophagy is regulated by specific sites within its β-propeller. J Cell Sci 2012; 126:593-604. [PMID: 23230146 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.115725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved degradative transport pathway. It is characterized by the formation of double-membrane autophagosomes at the phagophore assembly site (PAS). Atg18 is essential for autophagy but also for vacuole homeostasis and probably endosomal functions. This protein is basically a β-propeller, formed by seven WD40 repeats, that contains a conserved FRRG motif that binds to phosphoinositides and promotes Atg18 recruitment to the PAS, endosomes and vacuoles. However, it is unknown how Atg18 association with these organelles is regulated, as the phosphoinositides bound by this protein are present on the surface of all of them. We have investigated Atg18 recruitment to the PAS and found that Atg18 binds to Atg2 through a specific stretch of amino acids in the β-propeller on the opposite surface to the FRRG motif. As in the absence of the FRRG sequence, the inability of Atg18 to interact with Atg2 impairs its association with the PAS, causing an autophagy block. Our data provide a model whereby the Atg18 β-propeller provides organelle specificity by binding to two determinants on the target membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Rieter
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
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19
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Gaugel A, Bakula D, Hoffmann A, Proikas-Cezanne T. Defining regulatory and phosphoinositide-binding sites in the human WIPI-1 β-propeller responsible for autophagosomal membrane localization downstream of mTORC1 inhibition. J Mol Signal 2012; 7:16. [PMID: 23088497 PMCID: PMC3543385 DOI: 10.1186/1750-2187-7-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Autophagy is a cytoprotective, lysosomal degradation system regulated upon induced phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P) generation by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase class III (PtdIns3KC3) downstream of mTORC1 inhibition. The human PtdIns(3)P-binding β-propeller protein WIPI-1 accumulates at the initiation site for autophagosome formation (phagophore), functions upstream of the Atg12 and LC3 conjugation systems, and localizes at both the inner and outer membrane of generated autophagosomes. In addition, to a minor degree WIPI-1 also binds PtdIns(3,5)P2. By homology modelling we earlier identified 24 evolutionarily highly conserved amino acids that cluster at two opposite sites of the open Velcro arranged WIPI-1 β-propeller. RESULTS By alanine scanning mutagenesis of 24 conserved residues in human WIPI-1 we define the PtdIns-binding site of human WIPI-1 to critically include S203, S205, G208, T209, R212, R226, R227, G228, S251, T255, H257. These amino acids confer PtdIns(3)P or PtdIns(3,5)P2 binding. In general, WIPI-1 mutants unable to bind PtdIns(3)P/PtdIns(3,5)P2 lost their potential to localize at autophagosomal membranes, but WIPI-1 mutants that retained PtdIns(3)P/PtdIns(3,5)P2 binding localized at Atg12-positive phagophores upon mTORC1 inhibition. Both, downregulation of mTOR by siRNA or cellular PtdIns(3)P elevation upon PIKfyve inhibition by YM201636 significantly increased the localization of WIPI-1 at autophagosomal membranes. Further, we identified regulatory amino acids that influence the membrane recruitment of WIPI-1. Exceptional, WIPI-1 R110A localization at Atg12-positive membranes was independent of autophagy stimulation and insensitive to wortmannin. R112A and H185A mutants were unable to bind PtdIns(3)P/PtdIns(3,5)P2 but localized at autophagosomal membranes, although in a significant reduced number of cells when compared to wild-type WIPI-1. CONCLUSIONS We identified amino acids of the WIPI-1 β-propeller that confer PtdIns(3)P or PtdIns(3,5)P2 binding (S203, S205, G208, T209, R212, R226, R227, G228, S251, T255, H257), and that regulate the localization at autophagosomal membranes (R110, R112, H185) downstream of mTORC1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Gaugel
- From the Autophagy Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
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20
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Gao P, Bauvy C, Souquère S, Tonelli G, Liu L, Zhu Y, Qiao Z, Bakula D, Proikas-Cezanne T, Pierron G, Codogno P, Chen Q, Mehrpour M. The Bcl-2 homology domain 3 mimetic gossypol induces both Beclin 1-dependent and Beclin 1-independent cytoprotective autophagy in cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:25570-81. [PMID: 20529838 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.118125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gossypol, a natural Bcl-2 homology domain 3 mimetic compound isolated from cottonseeds, is currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Here, we provide evidence that gossypol induces autophagy followed by apoptotic cell death in both the MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma and HeLa cell lines. We first show that knockdown of the Bcl-2 homology domain 3-only protein Beclin 1 reduces gossypol-induced autophagy in MCF-7 cells, but not in HeLa cells. Gossypol inhibits the interaction between Beclin 1 and Bcl-2 (B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2), antagonizes the inhibition of autophagy by Bcl-2, and hence stimulates autophagy. We then show that knockdown of Vps34 reduces gossypol-induced autophagy in both cell lines, and consistent with this, the phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate-binding protein WIPI-1 is recruited to autophagosomal membranes. Further, Atg5 knockdown also reduces gossypol-mediated autophagy. We conclude that gossypol induces autophagy in both a canonical and a noncanonical manner. Notably, we found that gossypol-mediated apoptotic cell death was potentiated by treatment with the autophagy inhibitor wortmannin or with small interfering RNA against essential autophagy genes (Vps34, Beclin 1, and Atg5). Our findings support the notion that gossypol-induced autophagy is cytoprotective and not part of the cell death process induced by this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gao
- Joint Laboratory of Apoptosis and Cancer Biology, The State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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