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Siena G, Cocci A, Salamanca J, Ferrari G, Maruzzi D, Varvello F, Russo G, Spatafora P, Somani B, Noureldin M, Emara A, Whiting D, Hindley R, Cindolo L. Functional and sexual symptoms improvement after Rezum water vapor therapy for the treatment of LUTS/BPE: 3-year results from the first European observational study. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)00446-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Whiting D, Noureldin M, Abdelmotagly Y, Butler D, Gehring T, Nedas T, Emara A, Hindley R. Rezum water vapour therapy: Understanding retreatment. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)00447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Whiting D, Pourtaheri N, Chandler L, Maniskas S, Steinbacher D. Surgical Treatment of Massive Temporomandibular Joint Synovial Chondromatosis with Intracranial Extension. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.07.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Whiting D, Hamdoon M, Fowler S, Challacombe B, Napier-Hemy R, Sriprasad S. Complications after radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma according to age: Analysis from the British Association of Urological Surgeons Nephrectomy Audit. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)32648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Whiting D, Fowler S, Challacombe B, Napier-Hemy R, Madaan S, Sriprasad S. Partial versus radical nephrectomy for T1 renal tumours in octogenarians: Analysis from the British Association of Urological Surgeons Nephrectomy Audit. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)32645-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Huo L, Deng W, Shaw JE, Magliano DJ, Zhang P, McGuire HC, Kissimova-Skarbek K, Whiting D, Ji L. Factors associated with glycemic control in type 1 diabetes patients in China: A cross-sectional study. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:1575-1582. [PMID: 32323910 PMCID: PMC7610125 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Glycemic control in type 1 diabetes can be challenging, and is influenced by many factors. This study aimed to investigate glycemic control and its associated factors in Chinese people with type 1 diabetes. Materials and Methods This cross‐sectional study included 779 participants with type 1 diabetes selected from hospital records review, outpatient clinics and inpatient wards. Data were collected through face‐to‐face interviews, medical records and venous blood samples. Multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine factors associated with glycemic control. Results Among 779 participants, 49.2% were male. The median age was 24 years (interquartile range 14–36 years). The median age at diagnosis of diabetes was 17 years (interquartile range 10–28 years) and the median duration of diabetes was 4 years (interquartile range 1–8 years). The mean ± standard deviation hemoglobin A1c was 9.1 ± 2.5%. Nearly 80% of participants had inadequate glycemic control (hemoglobin A1c ≥7.0%). Multivariable analysis showed that age at diagnosis of diabetes ≤20 years, living in a rural location, low household income, low intake of fruit and vegetables, low level of physical activity, low adherence to insulin, and low utilization of insulin pump were independent risk factors for poor glycemic control (hemoglobin A1c ≥9.0%). Conclusions Inadequate glycaemic control is common among people with type 1 diabetes in China. Efforts should be made to control the modifiable risk factors, which include low intake of fruit and vegetables, low level of physical activity, and low adherence to insulin for the improvement of glycemic control. Appropriate use of insulin pump among type 1 diabetes should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Huo
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jonathan E Shaw
- Department of Clinical Diabetes and Epidemiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dianna J Magliano
- Department of Clinical Diabetes and Epidemiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Puhong Zhang
- George Institute for Global Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | | | - Katarzyna Kissimova-Skarbek
- International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Health Economics and Social Security, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - David Whiting
- International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Linong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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Whiting D, Sriprasad S. Molecular biology and targeted therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Journal of Clinical Urology 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2051415819849322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma is challenging as it has proven to be relatively resistant to conventional oncological treatments. An improved understanding of the molecular biology of renal cell carcinoma has led to the development of a number of targeted therapies in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. This includes vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors and most recently immune checkpoint inhibitors. This article will review the mechanisms of development and progression of renal cell carcinoma as well as the mechanisms of current approved treatments in metastatic disease.Level of evidence: Not applicable for this multicentre audit.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Whiting
- Department of Urology, Darent Valley Hospital, UK
| | - S Sriprasad
- Department of Urology, Darent Valley Hospital, UK
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Abstract
Stress urinary incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine on effort or physical exertion. It is a highly prevalent condition affecting both men and women. Treatment is performed in a step-wise approach involving conservative measures, such as weight loss and pelvic floor exercises, medical treatment with duloxetine and a variety of surgical treatment options. However, recent restrictions in the use of synthetic mesh and tape have limited the surgical treatment options, leading to the need for new and novel treatment for stress urinary incontinence. Stem cell therapy is a developing medical field and offers the potential to restore normal physiological function of the urethral sphincter. The effectiveness of stem cell therapy in stress urinary incontinence has been demonstrated in pre-clinical studies, leading to its evaluation in several clinical studies. This review assesses the current evidence for the safety and efficacy of stem cell treatment for patients with stress urinary incontinence who have failed conservative and/or medical management and have not undergone previous surgical treatment for stress urinary incontinence.Evidence Level: Not applicable
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Affiliation(s)
- D Whiting
- Department of Urology, Darent Valley Hospital, United Kingdom
| | - M Hamdoon
- Department of Urology, Darent Valley Hospital, United Kingdom
| | - S Sriprasad
- Department of Urology, Darent Valley Hospital, United Kingdom
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Olsen EA, Roberts J, Sperling L, Tosti A, Shapiro J, McMichael A, Bergfeld W, Callender V, Mirmirani P, Washenik K, Whiting D, Cotsarelis G, Hordinsky M. Objective outcome measures: Collecting meaningful data on alopecia areata. J Am Acad Dermatol 2018; 79:470-478.e3. [PMID: 29128463 PMCID: PMC7450487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although alopecia areata is a common disorder, it has no US Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment and evidence-based therapeutic data are lacking. OBJECTIVE To develop guidelines for the diagnosis, evaluation, assessment, response criteria, and end points for alopecia areata. METHODS Literature review and expert opinion of a group of dermatologists specializing in hair disorders. RESULTS Standardized methods of assessing and tracking hair loss and growth, including new scoring techniques, response criteria, and end points in alopecia areata are presented. LIMITATIONS The additional time to perform the assessments is the primary limitation to use of the methodology in clinical practice. CONCLUSION Use of these measures will facilitate collection of standardized outcome data on therapeutic agents used in alopecia areata both in clinical practice and in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise A Olsen
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - Janet Roberts
- Northwest Dermatology and Research Center, Portland, Oregon
| | | | | | | | - Amy McMichael
- Wake Forest Baptist Health Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | - Ken Washenik
- New York University, New York, New York; Bosley Medical Group, Beverly Hills, California
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Mirmirani P, Tosti A, Goldberg L, Whiting D, Sotoodian B. Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: An Emerging Epidemic. Skin Appendage Disord 2018; 5:90-93. [PMID: 30815440 DOI: 10.1159/000489793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the initial description of frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) in 1994, increasingly more cases of FFA have been reported in literature. Although clear epidemiologic data on the incidence and prevalence of FFA is not available, it is intriguing to consider whether FFA should be labeled as an emerging epidemic. A medline trend analysis as well as literature review using keywords "alopecia," "hair loss," and "cicatrical" were performed. Medline trend analysis of published FFA papers from 1905 to 2016 showed that the number of publications referenced in Medline increased from 1 (0.229%) in 1994 to 44 (3.5%) in 2016. The number of patients per published cohort also increased dramatically since the first report of FFA. Over the time period of January 2006-2016, our multi hair-referral centers collaboration study also showed a significant increase in new diagnoses of FFA. At this juncture, the cause for the rapid rise in cases is one of speculation. It is plausible that a cumulative environmental or toxic factor may trigger hair loss in FFA. Once perhaps a "rare type" of cicatricial alopecia, FFA is now being seen in a frequency in excess of what is expected, thus suggestive of an emerging epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paradi Mirmirani
- Department of Dermatology, The Permanente Medical Group, Vallejo, California, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Antonella Tosti
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Lynne Goldberg
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Whiting
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Bahman Sotoodian
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Huo L, Ji L, Deng W, Shaw JE, Zhang P, Zhao F, McGuire HC, Kissimova-Skarbek K, Whiting D. Age distribution and metabolic disorders in people with Type 1 diabetes in Beijing and Shantou, China: a cross-sectional study. Diabet Med 2018. [PMID: 29512926 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine whether the age profile of people with Type 1 diabetes differs from that of the general population and in what manner, and to study the clinical characteristics related to metabolic disorders among people with Type 1 diabetes in China. METHODS We sequentially enrolled 849 people with Type 1 diabetes from hospital records review, inpatient wards and outpatient clinics. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews, medical records and venous blood samples. Beijing census data for 2011 were used to provide the general population statistics. Descriptive analysis of the results and tests for differences were performed. RESULTS The median (interquartile range) age at diagnosis of diabetes was 16 (9-28) years and the duration of diabetes was 4 (1-8) years. The mean ± sd HbA1c concentration was 76±28 mmol/mol (9.1±2.5%). Compared with the general population, the population with Type 1 diabetes comprised more young individuals and fewer elderly individuals. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome among those with Type 1 diabetes was 10.1% (95% CI 7.9-12.2). People with metabolic syndrome were older and were diagnosed with diabetes at an older age. Hypertension and dyslipidaemia were more common in obese individuals with Type 1 diabetes than in their non-obese counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Compared with the general population, people with Type 1 diabetes comprised more young and fewer elderly individuals. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the Type 1 diabetes population was 10.1%. Hypertension and dyslipidaemia were more prevalent in obese than non-obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Huo
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - L Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - W Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - J E Shaw
- Department of Clinical Diabetes and Epidemiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - P Zhang
- George Institute for Global Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - F Zhao
- George Institute for Global Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - H C McGuire
- International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
- PATH, Washington, DC, USA
| | - K Kissimova-Skarbek
- International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Health Economics and Social Security, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - D Whiting
- International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
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McGuire HC, Ji L, Kissimova-Skarbek K, Whiting D, Aguirre F, Zhang P, Lin S, Gong C, Zhao W, Lu J, Guo X, Ji Y, Seuring T, Hong T, Chen L, Weng J, Zhou Z. Type 1 diabetes mellitus care and education in China: The 3C study of coverage, cost, and care in Beijing and Shantou. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017; 129:32-42. [PMID: 28500868 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The paucity of data on Type 1 diabetes in China hinders progress in care and policy-making. This study compares Type 1 diabetes care and clinical outcomes in Beijing and Shantou with current clinical guidelines. METHODS The 3C Study was a cross-sectional study of the clinical practices and outcomes of people with Type 1 diabetes. The study sequentially enrolled 849 participants from hospital records, inpatient wards, and outpatient clinics. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews with patients and health professionals, the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities, medical records, and venous blood samples. Care was audited using ISPAD/IDF indicators. Data underwent descriptive analysis and tests for association. RESULTS The median age was 22years (IQR=13-34years), and 48.4% of the sample had diabetes less than six years. The median HbA1c was 8.5% (69mmol/mol) (IQR 7.2-10.5%), with significant regional variance (p=0.002). Insulin treatment was predominantly two injections/day (45% of patients). The highest incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis was 14.4 events/100 patient years among adolescents. Of the 57.3% of patients with LDL-C>2.6mmol/L, only 11.2% received treatment. Of the 10.6% considered hypertensive, 47.1% received treatment. Rates of documented screening for retinopathy, nephropathy, and peripheral neuropathy were 35.2%, 42.3%, and 25.0%, respectively. The median number of days of self-monitoring/week was 3.0 (IQR=1.0-7.0). There were significant differences in care practices across regions. CONCLUSIONS The study documented an overall deficit in care with significant regional differences noted compared to practice guidelines. Modifications to treatment modalities and the structure of care may improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen C McGuire
- International Diabetes Federation, Chausée de la Hulpe 166, Watermael Boitsfort, 1170 Brussels, Belgium; PATH, 455 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington DC, 20001, USA.
| | - Linong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen Nan Da Jie, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, PR China.
| | - Katarzyna Kissimova-Skarbek
- International Diabetes Federation, Chausée de la Hulpe 166, Watermael Boitsfort, 1170 Brussels, Belgium; Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Health Economics and Social Security, Poland
| | - David Whiting
- International Diabetes Federation, Chausée de la Hulpe 166, Watermael Boitsfort, 1170 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florencia Aguirre
- International Diabetes Federation, Chausée de la Hulpe 166, Watermael Boitsfort, 1170 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Puhong Zhang
- The George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, Level 18, Tower B, Horizon Tower, 6, Zhichun Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Shaoda Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57, Changping Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chunxiu Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 56 South Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Weigang Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Juming Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, 7 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Ying Ji
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Till Seuring
- International Diabetes Federation, Chausée de la Hulpe 166, Watermael Boitsfort, 1170 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tianpei Hong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, No.49, Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lishu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 69, Dongxia North Road, Shantou 515000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, No. 139, Renmin Middle Road, Furong District, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
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Sawaya ME, Blume-Peytavi U, Mullins DL, Nusbaum BP, Whiting D, Nicholson DW, Lotocki G, Keane RW. Effects of Finasteride on Apoptosis and Regulation of the Human Hair Cycle. J Cutan Med Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/120347540200600101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: A number of studies have provided evidence that apoptosis is a central element in the regulation of hair follicle regression. In androgenetic alopecia (AGA), the exact location and control of key players in the apoptotic pathways remains obscure. Objective: In the present study, we used a panel of antibodies and investigated the spatial and cellular pattern of expression of caspases and inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs), such as XIAP and FLIP, in men with normal scalp and in men with AGA before and after 6 months of treatment with 1 mg oral finasteride treatment. Methods and Results: Constitutive expression of caspases-1, −3, −8, and −9 and XIAP was detected predominantly within the isthmic and infundibular hair follicle area, basilar layer of the epidermis, and eccrine and sebaceous glands. AGA-affected tissues showed an increase in caspase (−1, −3, −6, −9) immunoreactivity with a concomitant decrease in XIAP staining. After 6 months of finasteride treatment, both caspases and XIAP were similar to levels exhibited by normal subjects. Immunoblot analysis was performed to determine antibody specificity and cellular expression of caspases. Purified populations of keratinocytes, melanocytes, dermal papilla, and dermal fibroblasts derived from human hair follicles were cultured in vitro and treated with 0.5 μm staurosporin. Time-course experiments revealed that processing of caspase-3 is a principal event during apoptosis of these hair cell types. Conclusion: These data suggest that alterations in levels of caspases and IAPs regulate hair follicle homeostasis. Moreover, finasteride appears to influence caspase and XIAP expression in hair follicle cells thus signaling anagen, active growth in the hair cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - George Lotocki
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Robert W. Keane
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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Whiting D, Mandel L. Eagle Syndrome: Case Report. N Y State Dent J 2016; 82:30-31. [PMID: 30561959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Eagle syndrome (ES) is now defined as both an elongation of the styloid process (SP) and ossification of the stylohyoid ligament (SHL). Because subjective symptomatology is varied or can be absent, imaging is the best approach to diagnosis.
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Faella KH, Whiting D, Fynn-Thompson F, Matte GS. Bivalirudin Anticoagulation for a Pediatric Patient with Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis Requiring Cardiopulmonary Bypass for Ventricular Assist Device Placement. J Extra Corpor Technol 2016; 48:39-42. [PMID: 27134308 PMCID: PMC4850223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The direct thrombin inhibitor bivalirudin is an option for anticoagulation in patients with heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). There are a limited number of reports of pediatric patients in which bivalirudin has been used for anticoagulation for CPB. We present the case of an 11 year old male with acute onset heart failure secondary to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy that developed heparin induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis (HITT). The patient was anticoagulated in the operating room with bivalirudin and placed on CPB for insertion of a HeartWare(®) Ventricular Assist Device (Heartware(®)). Modified techniques were utilized. This included use of the Terumo CDI 500 (Terumo Cardiovascular Systems, Inc.) in-line blood gas monitor which contains a heparin coated arterial shunt sensor. We flushed this sensor with buffered saline preoperatively and noted no significant decrease in platelet count postoperatively. The patient was successfully placed on the ventricular assist device and was subsequently listed for heart transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie H. Faella
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Whiting
- Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Francis Fynn-Thompson
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gregory S. Matte
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Ogurtsova K, Guariguata L, Whiting D, Unwin N, Weil C, Fernandes JDR, Linnenkamp U, Cho NH, Cavan D, Makaroff L. Incorporating uncertainty measurement in the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas methodology for estimating global and national prevalence of diabetes in adults. Arch Public Health 2015. [PMCID: PMC4582250 DOI: 10.1186/2049-3258-73-s1-p31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Whiting D, DiNardo JA. TEG and ROTEM: technology and clinical applications. Am J Hematol 2014; 89:228-32. [PMID: 24123050 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Initially described in 1948 by Hertert thromboelastography (TEG) provides a real-time assessment of viscoelastic clot strength in whole blood. Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) evolved from TEG technology and both devices generate output by transducing changes in the viscoelastic strength of a small sample of clotting blood (300 µl) to which a constant rotational force is applied. These point of care devices allow visual assessment of blood coagulation from clot formation, through propagation, and stabilization, until clot dissolution. Computer analysis of the output allows sophisticated clot formation/dissolution kinetics and clot strength data to be generated. Activation of clot formation can be initiated with both intrinsic (kaolin, ellagic acid) and extrinsic (tissue factor) activators. In addition, the independent contributions of platelets and fibrinogen to final clot strength can be assessed using added platelet inhibitors (abciximab and cytochalasin D). Increasingly, ROTEM and TEG analysis is being incorporated in vertical algorithms to diagnose and treat bleeding in high-risk populations such as those undergoing cardiac surgery or suffering from blunt trauma. Some evidence suggests these algorithms might reduce transfusions, but further study is needed to assess patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Whiting
- Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, Department of Anaesthesia; Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
| | - James A. DiNardo
- Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, Department of Anaesthesia; Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
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Yazdabadi A, Whiting D, Rufaut N, Sinclair R. Miniaturized Hairs Maintain Contact with the Arrector Pili Muscle in Alopecia Areata but not in Androgenetic Alopecia: A Model for Reversible Miniaturization and Potential for Hair Regrowth. Int J Trichology 2013. [PMID: 23180923 PMCID: PMC3500053 DOI: 10.4103/0974-7753.100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hair follicle miniaturization is the hallmark of male pattern hair loss (MPHL), female pattern hair loss (FPHL), and alopecia areata (AA). AA has the potential for complete hair regrowth and reversal of miniaturization. MPHL and FPHL are either irreversible or show only partial regrowth and minimal reversal of miniaturization. HYPOTHESIS The arrector pili muscle (APM) attachment to the hair follicle bulge, a recognized repository of stem cells may be necessary for reversal of hair follicle miniaturization. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sequential histological sections from MPHL, FPHL, AA, and telogen effluvium were used to create three-dimensional images to compare the relationship between the APM and bulge. RESULTS In AA, contact was maintained between the APM and the bulge of miniaturized follicles while in MPHL and FPHL contact was lost. DISCUSSION Contact between the APM and the bulge in AA may be required for reversal of hair follicle miniaturization. Maintenance of contact between miniaturized follicles in AA could explain the complete hair regrowth while loss of contact between the APM and the bulge in MPHL and FPHL may explain why the hair loss is largely irreversible. This loss of contact may reflect changes in stem cell biology that also underlie irreversible miniaturization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anousha Yazdabadi
- Department of Dermatology, (SVHM), The University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia ; Department of Medicine, (SVHM), The University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
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Colombo C, Foo WC, Whiting D, Young ED, Lusby K, Pollock RE, Lazar AJ, Lev D. FAP-related desmoid tumors: a series of 44 patients evaluated in a cancer referral center. Histol Histopathol 2012; 27:641-9. [PMID: 22419028 DOI: 10.14670/hh-27.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Desmoid tumors (DTs), the commonest extra-intestinal manifestation of familial adenomatosis polyposis (FAP), are monoclonal neoplasms demonstrating fibroblastic - myofibroblastic differentiation; they are locally invasive without metastatic capacity. FAP-associated DT natural history knowledge is limited; we examined patient and tumor characteristics for a FAP-DT cohort and evaluated anti-DT therapy molecular target expression levels (immunohistochemical analyses, FAP-DT tissue microarray; TMA). Forty-four patients were classified as intra-abdominal (IA; n=26), abdominal wall (AW)/extra-abdominal (EA; n=12) or concomitant IA/AW (n=6) based on DT primary diagnosis location. Positive family histories were found in 62% of FAP versus 10% of DT patients. Surgery was the mainstay therapy for AW/EW patients, whereas IA DTs received surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, tamoxifen, NSAIDs, and/or imatinib. Eight of 20 completely resected DTs in the IA and AW/EA groups recurred; 12 of 38 patients in these groups (33%) developed secondary lesions elsewhere. Two intestinal mesenteric DT patients died of disease, three from other cancers, 27 are alive with disease and 12 are alive without disease. All evaluable FAP-DT exhibited nuclear β-catenin, 65% were positive for cyclin D1, and 66% expressed nuclear p53. No ERα expression was observed, but ERβ was expressed in 72%. COX2 was expressed in all evaluable FAP-DTs. KIT was rarely found in DTs but both PDGFRs and their ligands were expressed. Comparing biomarker expression (IA vs. EA DTs), only nuclear ER-ß staining was significantly higher in EA lesions (p=0.0070); no other markers were site informative. Enhanced knowledge of FAP-DT molecular underpinnings will facilitate development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Colombo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
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Unwin N, Guariguata L, Whiting D, Weil C. Comment on: Bopp et al. Routine data sources challenge International Diabetes Federation extrapolations of National Diabetes Prevalence in Switzerland. Diabetes Care 2011;34:2387-2389. Diabetes Care 2012; 35:e38; author reply e39. [PMID: 22517946 PMCID: PMC3329845 DOI: 10.2337/dc11-2464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Unwin
- From the International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - David Whiting
- From the International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Clara Weil
- From the International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
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Guariguata L, Whiting D, Weil C, Unwin N. The International Diabetes Federation diabetes atlas methodology for estimating global and national prevalence of diabetes in adults. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2011; 94:322-32. [PMID: 22100977 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2011.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and its global prevalence is growing rapidly. A simple and robust approach to estimate the prevalence of diabetes is essential for governments to set priorities on how to meet the challenges of the disease. The International Diabetes Federation has developed a methodology for generating country-level estimates of diabetes prevalence in adults (20-79 years). METHODS Using country-level data sources from peer-reviewed studies, national health statistics reports, commissioned studies on diabetes prevalence, and unpublished data obtained through personal communication, we use logistic regression to generate estimates of the prevalence of diabetes. An approach matching countries on ethnicity, geography, and income group is used to fill in gaps where original data sources are not available. The methodology also uses changes in urbanization and population to generate estimates and projections on the prevalence of diabetes in adults. CONCLUSION Diabetes prevalence estimates are very sensitive to the data from which they are derived. The revised IDF methodology for estimating diabetes prevalence is a transparent, reproducible approach that will be updated annually. It takes data-driven approaches to filling in gaps where data are not available and where assumptions have to be made. It uses a qualification system to rank data sources so that only the highest quality data are used.
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Gooch-Moore J, Goodwin KD, Dorsey C, Ellender RD, Mott JB, Ornelas M, Sinigalliano C, Vincent B, Whiting D, Wolfe SH. New USEPA water quality criteria by 2012: GOMA concerns and recommendations. J Water Health 2011; 9:718-33. [PMID: 22048431 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2011.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The Gulf of Mexico Alliance (GOMA) was tasked by the five Gulf State Governors to identify major issues affecting the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) and to set priorities for ameliorating these problems. One priority identified by GOMA is the need to improve detection methods for water quality indicators, pathogens and microbial source tracking. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is tasked with revising water quality criteria by 2012; however, the locations traditionally studied by the USEPA are not representative of the GoM and this has raised concern about whether or not the new criteria will be appropriate. This paper outlines a number of concerns, including deadlines associated with the USEPA Consent Decree, which may prevent inclusion of research needed to produce a well-developed set of methods and criteria appropriate for all regulated waters. GOMA makes several recommendations including ensuring that criteria formulation use data that include GoM-specific conditions (e.g. lower bather density, nonpoint sources), that rapid-testing methods be feasible and adequately controlled, and that USEPA maintains investments in water quality research once the new criteria are promulgated in order to assure that outstanding scientific questions are addressed and that scientifically defensible criteria are achieved for the GoM and other regulated waterbodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Gooch-Moore
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Center for Coastal Environmental Health & Biomolecular Research, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
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McGuire H, Kissimova-Skarbek K, Whiting D, Ji L. The 3C study: coverage cost and care of type 1 diabetes in China--study design and implementation. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2011; 94:307-10. [PMID: 22056720 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2011.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe coverage, cost and care of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in 2 regions of China--Beijing and Shantou--including: METHODS This is a mixed-methods descriptive study with three arms--coverage, cost and care. It is taking place in 4 tertiary hospitals, 3 secondary hospitals and 4 primary health facilities in Beijing, and 2 tertiary hospitals, 2 secondary hospitals and 2 primary health centres in Shantou, China. Two additional hospitals are involved in the coverage arm of the study. T1D participants are recruited from a 3-year list generated by each hospital and from those attending the outpatient clinic or admitted to the inpatient ward. Participants also include health care professionals and government officials. To determine coverage of care, a list of people with T1D is being developed including information on diagnosis, age, sex and vital status. The age and sex distribution will be compared with the expected distribution. To estimate the economic burden of T1D three groups of costs will be calculated - direct medical costs, direct non-medical costs and indirect costs from different perspectives of analysis (patients and their families, health system, insurer and societal perspective). The data are being collected from people with T1D (patient-parents face-to-face interviews), hospital billing departments, medical records and government officials using a combined "top-down, bottom-up" approach developed to validate the data. Quality of life is assessed using the EQ-5D tool and burden of disease is measured based on clinical outcomes and complications. Standard care will be defined, costed and compared to the cost of current care identified within the study to determine the investment required to improve outcomes. The third arm includes three components - health policy, clinical care and education, and information management. Face-to-face, semi-structured interviews are conducted with people with T1D (for those <15 years of age parents are interviewed), health care professionals, senior hospital management and government officials. The core Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Measure plus an additional 6 questions from the revised SDSCA scale are used to assess patient self-care. A medical records audit tool is used to assess care [7]. Clinical outcomes and self-care activities will be analysed for associations with care and education. Information management and care processes will be described using the Standard for Integration Definition for Function Modelling (IDEF0) [8]. PROGRESS TO DATE At the time of writing (early October) the 3-year case list includes 1269 people with type 1 diabetes from Beijing and 481 people for Shantou, a total of 1750. In addition, two hundred and twenty people with T1D or their parents participated in face-to-face interviews in Beijing and 183 in Shantou, a total of 403. PRACTICAL PRELIMINARY CONCLUSIONS Key implementation considerations were identified early in the project. Project success is dependent on strong local partnerships with local opinion leaders and key officials. It is important that a physician is the first point of contact to build the case list and recruit participants. July, August and January are peak months for recruiting school-age children in the Children's Hospital as this is school vacation period when they are more likely to attend clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen McGuire
- International Diabetes Federation, 166 Chaussée de La Hulpe, B-1170 Brussels, Belgium.
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Cumin D, Whiting D, Malla A, Gerred A, Dungan G. T-I-065 RANDOMIZED CROSSOVER EVALUATION OF A NOVEL IMPLEMENTATION OF PRESSURE RELIEF TECHNOLOGY – SENSAWAKE™ AND FIXED PRESSURE CPAP. Sleep Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-9457(11)70278-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Walker RW, Jusabani A, Aris E, Gray WK, Whiting D, Kabadi G, Mugusi F, Swai M, Alberti G, Unwin N. Post-stroke case fatality within an incident population in rural Tanzania. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2011; 82:1001-5. [PMID: 21386108 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2010.231944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To establish post-stroke case fatality rates within a community based incident stroke population in rural Tanzania. METHODS Incident stroke cases were identified by the Tanzanian Stroke Incidence Project and followed-up over the next 3-6 years. In order to provide a more complete picture, verbal autopsy (VA) was also used to identify all stroke deaths occurring within the same community and time period, and a date of stroke was identified by interview with a relative or friend. RESULTS Over 3 years, the Tanzanian Stroke Incidence Project identified 130 cases of incident stroke, of which 31 (23.8%, 95% CI 16.5 to 31.2) died within 28 days and 78 (60.0%, 95% CI 51.6 to 68.4) within 3 years of incident stroke. Over the same time period, an additional 223 deaths from stroke were identified by VA; 64 (28.7%, 95% CI 20.9 to 36.5) had died within 28 days of stroke and 188 (84.3%, 95% CI 78.1 to 90.6) within 3 years. CONCLUSIONS This is the first published study of post-stroke mortality in sub-Saharan Africa from an incident stroke population. The 28 day case fatality rate is at the lower end of rates reported for other low and middle income countries, even when including those identified by VA, although CIs were wide. Three year case fatality rates are notably higher than seen in most developed world studies. Improving post-stroke care may help to reduce stroke case fatality in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Walker
- Department of Medicine, North Tyneside General Hospital, Rake Lane, North Shields, Tyne and Wear NE29 8NH, UK.
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Olsen EA, Callender V, McMichael A, Sperling L, Anstrom KJ, Shapiro J, Roberts J, Durden F, Whiting D, Bergfeld W. Central hair loss in African American women: incidence and potential risk factors. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010; 64:245-52. [PMID: 21075478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.11.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 11/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although central scalp hair loss is a common problem in African American women, data on etiology or incidence are limited. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the frequency of various patterns and degree of central scalp hair loss in African American women and to correlate this with information on hair care practices, family history of hair loss, and medical history. METHODS Five hundred twenty-nine subjects at six different workshops held at four different sites in the central and/or southeast United States participated in this study. The subjects' patterns and degree of central scalp hair loss were independently assessed by both subject and investigator using a standardized photographic scale. Subjects also completed a detailed questionnaire and had standardized photographs taken. Statistical analysis was performed evaluating answers to the questionnaire relative to pattern of central hair loss. RESULTS Extensive central scalp hair loss was seen in 5.6% of subjects. There was no obvious association of extensive hair loss with relaxer or hot comb use, history of seborrheic dermatitis or reaction to a hair care product, bacterial infection, or male pattern hair loss in fathers of subjects; however, there was an association with a history of tinea capitis. LIMITATIONS There was no scalp biopsy correlation with clinical pattern of hair loss and further information on specifics of hair care practices is needed. CONCLUSIONS This central scalp photographic scale and questionnaire provide a valid template by which to further explore potential etiologic factors and relationships to central scalp hair loss in African American women.
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Abstract
This article, the second in a series on the NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement's eight high impact actions, reviews the roles played by nurses and local organisations in preventing falls among older people through early intervention and the promotion of active lifestyles.
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Walker R, Whiting D, Unwin N, Mugusi F, Swai M, Aris E, Jusabani A, Kabadi G, Gray WK, Lewanga M, Alberti G. Stroke incidence in rural and urban Tanzania: a prospective, community-based study. Lancet Neurol 2010; 9:786-92. [PMID: 20609629 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(10)70144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no methodologically rigorous studies of the incidence of stroke in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to provide reliable data on the incidence of stroke in rural and urban Tanzania. METHODS The Tanzania Stroke Incidence Project (TSIP) recorded stroke incidence in two well defined demographic surveillance sites (DSS) over a 3-year period from June, 2003. The Hai DSS (population 159,814) is rural and the Dar-es-Salaam DSS (population 56,517) is urban. Patients with stroke were identified by use of a system of community-based investigators and liaison with local hospital and medical centre staff. Patients who died from stroke before recruitment into the TSIP were identified via verbal autopsy, which was done on all those who died within the study areas. FINDINGS There were 636 strokes during the 3-year period (453 in Hai and 183 in Dar-es-Salaam). Overall crude yearly stroke incidence rates were 94.5 per 100,000 (95% CI 76.0-115.0) in Hai and 107.9 per 100,000 (88.1-129.8) in Dar-es-Salaam. When age-standardised to the WHO world population, yearly stroke incidence rates were 108.6 per 100 000 (95% CI 89.0-130.9) in Hai and 315.9 per 100,000 (281.6-352.3) in Dar-es-Salaam. INTERPRETATION Age-standardised stroke incidence rates in Hai were similar to those seen in developed countries. However, age-standardised incidence rates in Dar-es-Salaam were higher than seen in most studies in developed countries; this could be because of a difference in the prevalence of risk factors and emphasises the importance of health screening at a community level. Health policy makers must continue to monitor the incidence of stroke in sub-Saharan Africa and should base future funding decisions on such data. FUNDING The Wellcome Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Walker
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Medicine, North Tyneside General Hospital, North Shields, Tyne and Wear, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Unwin
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Diabetes, Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
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Harries AD, Murray MB, Jeon CY, Ottmani SE, Lonnroth K, Barreto ML, Billo N, Brostrom R, Bygbjerg IC, Fisher-Hoch S, Mori T, Ramaiya K, Roglic G, Strandgaard H, Unwin N, Viswanathan V, Whiting D, Kapur A. Defining the research agenda to reduce the joint burden of disease from diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis. Trop Med Int Health 2010; 15:659-63. [PMID: 20406430 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02523.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The steadily growing epidemic of diabetes mellitus poses a threat for global tuberculosis (TB) control. Previous studies have identified an important association between diabetes mellitus and TB. However, these studies have limitations: very few were carried out in low-income countries, with none in Africa, raising uncertainty about the strength of the diabetes mellitus-TB association in these settings, and many critical questions remain unanswered. An expert meeting was held in November 2009 to discuss where there was sufficient evidence to make firm recommendations about joint management of both diseases, to address research gaps and to develop a research agenda. Ten key research questions were identified, of which 4 were selected as high priority: (i) whether, when and how to screen for TB in patients with diabetes mellitus and vice versa; (ii) the impact of diabetes mellitus and non-diabetes mellitus hyperglycaemia on TB treatment outcomes and deaths, and the development of strategies to improve outcomes; (iii) implementation and evaluation of the tuberculosis 'DOTS' model for diabetes mellitus management; and (iv) the development and evaluation of better point-of-care diagnostic and monitoring tests, including measurements of blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) for patients with diabetes mellitus. Implementation of this research agenda will benefit the control of both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Harries
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Unwin
- Diabetes Atlas Committee, International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium.
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Ayappa I, Norman RG, Whiting D, Tsai AHW, Anderson F, Donnely E, Silberstein DJ, Rapoport DM. Irregular respiration as a marker of wakefulness during titration of CPAP. Sleep 2009; 32:99-104. [PMID: 19189784 PMCID: PMC2625330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Regularity of respiration is characteristic of stable sleep without sleep disordered breathing. Appearance of respiratory irregularity may indicate onset of wakefulness. The present study examines whether one can detect transitions from sleep to wakefulness using only the CPAP flow signal and automate this recognition. DESIGN Prospective study with blinded analysis SETTING Sleep disorder center, academic institution. PARTICIPANTS 74 subjects with obstructive sleep apnealhypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) INTERVENTIONS: n/a. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS 74 CPAP titration polysomnograms in patients with OSAHS were examined. First we visually identified characteristic patterns of ventilatory irregularity on the airflow signal and tested their relation to conventional detection of EEG defined wake or arousal. To automate recognition of sleep-wake transitions we then developed an artificial neural network (ANN) whose inputs were parameters derived exclusively from the airflow signal. This ANN was trained to identify the visually detected ventilatory irregularities. Finally, we prospectively determined the accuracy of the ANN detection of wake or arousal against EEG sleep/wake transitions. A visually identified irregular respiratory pattern (IrREG) was highly predictive of appearance of EEG wakefulness (Positive Predictive Value [PPV] = 0.89 to 0.98 across subjects). Furthermore, we were able to automate identification of this irregularity with an ANN which was highly predictive for wakefulness by EEG (PPV 0.66 to 0.86). CONCLUSIONS Despite not detecting all wakefulness, the high positive predictive value suggests that analysis of the respiration signal alone may be a useful indicator of CNS state with potential utility in the control of CPAP in OSAHS. The present study demonstrates the feasibility of automating the detection of IrREG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Ayappa
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Dotchin C, Msuya O, Kissima J, Massawe J, Mhina A, Moshy A, Aris E, Jusabani A, Whiting D, Masuki G, Walker R. The prevalence of Parkinson's disease in rural Tanzania. Mov Disord 2008; 23:1567-672. [PMID: 18581482 DOI: 10.1002/mds.21898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Dotchin
- North Tyneside District General Hospital, Rake Lane, North Shields, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom.
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Tosti A, Whiting D, Iorizzo M, Pazzaglia M, Misciali C, Vincenzi C, Micali G. The role of scalp dermoscopy in the diagnosis of alopecia areata incognita. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008; 59:64-7. [PMID: 18440667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2008] [Revised: 03/13/2008] [Accepted: 03/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alopecia areata incognita is a variety of alopecia areata characterized by acute diffuse shedding of telogen hairs without typical patches. OBJECTIVE We sought to report the clinical, pathological, and dermoscopic features of alopecia areata incognita. METHODS Seventy patients with alopecia areata incognita were evaluated clinically and with videodermoscopy during the period of 2002 to 2006. Pathology was performed in 50 patients. RESULTS The presence of numerous, diffuse, round or polycyclic yellow dots, different in size and uniform in color and distribution, was a typical dermoscopic feature in all patients. Short regrowing hairs were also present. The dermoscopic findings were correlated and supported by the histologic features of the scalp specimens. LIMITATIONS Scalp biopsy was performed only in 50 patients. CONCLUSION Videodermoscopy is a first step before performing a biopsy. It can help the clinician to find the right place to take the sample, but can also avoid unnecessary biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Tosti
- Department of Dermatology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Olsen EA, Whiting D, Bergfeld W, Miller J, Hordinsky M, Wanser R, Zhang P, Kohut B. A multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial of a novel formulation of 5% minoxidil topical foam versus placebo in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in men. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007; 57:767-74. [PMID: 17761356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2007.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2007] [Revised: 04/03/2007] [Accepted: 04/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An alternative to currently marketed topical minoxidil solutions is desirable. OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and safety of a new 5% minoxidil topical formulation in a propylene glycol-free foam vehicle in men with androgenetic alopecia (AGA). METHODS This was a 16-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 5% minoxidil topical foam (MTF) in 352 men, 18 to 49 years old. At week 16, 143 subjects continued on an open-label phase to collect 52 weeks of safety information on 5% MTF. RESULTS At week 16 compared with baseline, there was a statistically significant increase in (1) hair counts in the 5% MTF group versus placebo (P < .0001) and (2) subjective assessment of improved hair loss condition (P < .0001) in the 5% MTF group versus placebo. The 5% MTF was well tolerated over a 52-week period. LIMITATIONS There was no collection of efficacy data beyond 16 weeks. CONCLUSIONS We believe that 5% MTF is a safe and effective treatment for men with AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise A Olsen
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27516, USA.
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Olsen EA, Hordinsky M, Whiting D, Stough D, Hobbs S, Ellis ML, Wilson T, Rittmaster RS. The importance of dual 5alpha-reductase inhibition in the treatment of male pattern hair loss: results of a randomized placebo-controlled study of dutasteride versus finasteride. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006; 55:1014-23. [PMID: 17110217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2006.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2006] [Revised: 03/29/2006] [Accepted: 05/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male pattern hair loss (MPHL) is a potentially reversible condition in which dihydrotestosterone is an important etiologic factor. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of the type 1 and 2 5alpha-reductase inhibitor dutasteride in men with MPHL. METHODS Four hundred sixteen men, 21 to 45 years old, were randomized to receive dutasteride 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 or 2.5 mg, finasteride 5 mg, or placebo daily for 24 weeks. RESULTS Dutasteride increased target area hair count versus placebo in a dose-dependent fashion and dutasteride 2.5 mg was superior to finasteride at 12 and 24 weeks. Expert panel photographic review and investigator assessment of hair growth confirmed these results. Scalp and serum dihydrotestosterone levels decreased, and testosterone levels increased, in a dose-dependent fashion with dutasteride. LIMITATIONS The study was limited to 24 weeks. CONCLUSION Dutasteride increases scalp hair growth in men with MPHL. Type 1 and type 2 5alpha-reductase may be important in the pathogenesis and treatment of MPHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise A Olsen
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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Ayappa I, Norman R, Whiting D, Anderson F, Donnelly E, Rapoport D. P391 Automated detection of irregular respiration: A marker of wakefulness. Sleep Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2006.07.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Esplin MS, Fausett MB, Peltier MR, Hamblin S, Silver RM, Branch DW, Adashi EY, Whiting D. The use of cDNA microarray to identify differentially expressed labor-associated genes within the human myometrium during labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005; 193:404-13. [PMID: 16098862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2004] [Revised: 11/12/2004] [Accepted: 12/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Microarray technology was used to comprehensively analyze gene expression during human labor in the myometrium. STUDY DESIGN cDNA micro-array was used to compare the transcriptomes of myometrium obtained from patients in spontaneous labor and those not in labor. Expression of four labor-specific genes was confirmed in the myometrium obtained from patients in spontaneous labor using RT-PCR, Northern blot analysis, and in-situ hybridization. RESULTS Of the >6000 cDNAs evaluated, 56 were found to be differentially expressed during labor. The labor-specific expression of 4 genes was confirmed using RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis. The relative increased expression of thrombospondin-1 in myometrium obtained from patients in spontaneous labor was also confirmed using in-situ hybridization. CONCLUSION cDNA microarray was used to identify 56 differentially expressed genes in myometrium obtained from patients in spontaneous labor. The up-regulation of four genes was confirmed by multiple methods. Elucidation of the role(s) of the genes identified by microarray should improve our understanding of normal labor physiology and may ultimately lead to more effective treatments for abnormal labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sean Esplin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
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Rommelmann V, Setel PW, Hemed Y, Angeles G, Mponezya H, Whiting D, Boerma T. Cost and results of information systems for health and poverty indicators in the United Republic of Tanzania. Bull World Health Organ 2005; 83:569-577. [PMID: 16184275 PMCID: PMC2626321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the costs of complementary information generation activities in a resource-constrained setting and compare the costs and outputs of information subsystems that generate the statistics on poverty, health and survival required for monitoring, evaluation and reporting on health programmes in the United Republic of Tanzania. METHODS Nine systems used by four government agencies or ministries were assessed. Costs were calculated from budgets and expenditure data made available by information system managers. System coverage, quality assurance and information production were reviewed using questionnaires and interviews. Information production was characterized in terms of 38 key sociodemographic indicators required for national programme monitoring. FINDINGS In 2002-03 approximately US$ 0.53 was spent per Tanzanian citizen on the nine information subsystems that generated information on 37 of the 38 selected indicators. The census and reporting system for routine health service statistics had the largest participating populations and highest total costs. Nationally representative household surveys and demographic surveillance systems (which are not based on nationally representative samples) produced more than half the indicators and used the most rigorous quality assurance. Five systems produced fewer than 13 indicators and had comparatively high costs per participant. CONCLUSION Policy-makers and programme planners should be aware of the many trade-offs with respect to system costs, coverage, production, representativeness and quality control when making investment choices for monitoring and evaluation. In future, formal cost-effectiveness studies of complementary information systems would help guide investments in the monitoring, evaluation and planning needed to demonstrate the impact of poverty-reduction and health programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Rommelmann
- Statistics Research Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Mugusi F, Edwards R, Hayes L, Unwin N, Mbanya JC, Whiting D, Sobngwi E, Rashid S. Prevalence of wheeze and self-reported asthma and asthma care in an urban and rural area of Tanzania and Cameroon. Trop Doct 2005; 34:209-14. [PMID: 15510944 DOI: 10.1177/004947550403400408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the prevalence of wheeze, self-reported asthma, and asthma care via four cross-sectional surveys among adults and children (5-15 years) in urban and rural populations from Tanzania and Cameroon. Age-standardized prevalence of current wheeze (in the previous year) was 2.2% to 5.0% in adults and 1.9% to 5.2% in children in Tanzania, and 1.3% to 2.5% (adults) and 0.8% to 5.4% (children) in Cameroon. There were no consistent patterns of urban:rural prevalence. Peak flow rates varied with age, peaking at 25-34 years, and were higher in urban areas (age adjusted difference 22-70 L/min) and in the Tanzania populations. Awareness (83%-86% versus 52%-58%) and treatment (43%-71% versus 30%-44%) of asthma was higher among those with current wheeze in rural areas. Use of inhaled drugs, particularly steroids, was rare. Diagnosis by traditional healers (15%) and use of traditional remedies (62% of those recalling any treatment) were common only among self-reported asthmatic patients in rural Cameroon. Asthma is an importantclinical condition in sub-Saharan Africa. There were major gaps in clinical care, particularly in urban areas. Sustainable methods for delivering accessible and effective asthma care in sub-Saharan Africa are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Mugusi
- Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Schnickel GT, Whiting D, Hsieh GR, Yun JJ, Fischbein MP, Fishbein MC, Yao W, Shfizadeh A, Ardehali A. CD8 Lymphocytes are Sufficient for the Development of Chronic Rejection. Transplantation 2004; 78:1634-9. [PMID: 15591952 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000141362.33931.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of CD8 lymphocytes, in chronic rejection or cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), is incompletely understood. The purposes of this study were to determine whether CD8 lymphocytes, in the absence of CD4 lymphocytes, are capable of causing the intimal lesions of CAV; and if so, to define the effector mechanism(s) of CD8 lymphocytes. METHODS We modified a previously characterized major histocompatibility complex class II mismatched murine model of CAV. Wild-type CD8 lymphocytes were transferred to nude mice followed by heterotopic heart transplantation. Recipient mice were then treated with a CD40 activating antibody, which is known to provide help for CD8 lymphocyte activation, in the absence of CD4 lymphocytes. Donor hearts were harvested on day 40 posttransplantation and analyzed for cellular infiltrates and intimal thickening. In separate experiments, isolated perforin -/-, Fas ligand (FasL) -/-, and interferon (IFN)-gamma -/- CD8 lymphocytes were transferred to nude mice followed by identical experimented protocol. RESULTS With adaptive transfer of wild-type CD8 lymphocytes, the donor hearts were infiltrated with activated CD8 lymphocytes and displayed significant intimal lesions. Adoptive transfer of perforin -/- and FasL -/- CD8 lymphocytes to nude mice resulted in similar patterns of CD8 lymphocyte infiltration and similar severity of intimal lesions. The donor hearts from IFN-gamma -/- CD8 lymphocyte reconstituted recipients displayed minimal intimal lesions, although CD8 lymphocytes were present in the allografts. CONCLUSIONS Unprimed CD8 lymphocytes in the absence of CD4 lymphocytes can cause intimal lesions of CAV. CD8 lymphocytes production of IFN-gamma, but not the perforin or the FasL-mediated cytotoxicity, is the critical step in the development of intimal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel T Schnickel
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Leyden J, Bergfeld W, Drake L, Dunlap F, Goldman MP, Gottlieb AB, Heffernan MP, Hickman JG, Hordinsky M, Jarrett M, Kang S, Lucky A, Peck G, Phillips T, Rapaport M, Roberts J, Savin R, Sawaya ME, Shalita A, Shavin J, Shaw JC, Stein L, Stewart D, Strauss J, Swinehart J, Swinyer L, Thiboutot D, Washenik K, Weinstein G, Whiting D, Pappas F, Sanchez M, Terranella L, Waldstreicher J. A systemic type I 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor is ineffective in the treatment of acne vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004; 50:443-7. [PMID: 14988688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2003.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Excessive sebum production is a central aspect of the pathophysiology of acne vulgaris. Sebaceous gland function is under androgen control and it is hypothesized that dihydrotestosterone is formed by the action of 5 alpha-reductase. Type I is the controlling isoenzyme. This study describes a 3-month, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial with a potent, selective inhibitor of type I 5 alpha-reductase used alone and in combination with systemic minocycline. Inhibition of type I 5 alpha-reductase was not associated with clinical improvement of acne when used alone and did not enhance the clinical benefit of systemic minocycline. These results indicate the need for further work at the molecular level to better understand the action of androgens on sebaceous gland function.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Leyden
- University of Pennsylvania Hospital, 36th and Spruce Streets, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Whiting D, Hsieh G, Yun JJ, Banerji A, Yao W, Fishbein MC, Belperio J, Strieter RM, Bonavida B, Ardehali A. Chemokine Monokine Induced by IFN-γ/CXC Chemokine Ligand 9 Stimulates T Lymphocyte Proliferation and Effector Cytokine Production. J Immunol 2004; 172:7417-24. [PMID: 15187119 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.12.7417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Monokine induced by IFN-gamma (MIG; CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)9) is important in T lymphocyte recruitment in organ transplantation. However, it is not known whether this chemokine, in addition to its chemotactic properties, exerts any effect on T lymphocyte effector functions. For in vivo studies, we used a previously characterized murine model of chronic rejection. The recipient mice were treated with anti-MIG/CXCL9 Ab; graft-infiltrating cells were analyzed for IFN-gamma production. For in vitro studies, exogenous CXCR3 ligands were added to CD4 lymphocytes in MLRs, and the proliferative responses were measured. Separate experiments quantitated the number of IFN-gamma-producing cells in MLRs by ELISPOT. Neutralization of MIG/CXCL9, in the in vivo model, resulted in significant reduction in the percentage of IFN-gamma-producing graft-infiltrating T lymphocytes. In vitro experiments demonstrated that 1) exogenous MIG/CXCL9 stimulated CD4 lymphocyte proliferation in a MHC class II-mismatched MLR, 2) MIG/CXCL9 also increased the number of IFN-gamma-producing CD4 lymphocytes in ELISPOT, 3) neutralization of MIG/CXCL9 in MLR reduced T lymphocyte proliferation, 4) IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10/CXCL10 and IFN-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant/CXCL11 had similar effects on T lymphocyte proliferation, 5) MIG/CXCL9 stimulated T lymphocyte proliferation in MHC class I- and total MHC-mismatched MLRs, 6) neutralization of CXCR3 reduced MIG/CXCL9-induced T lymphocyte proliferation and the number of IFN-gamma-positive spots on ELISPOT, and 7) the proliferative effects of MIG/CXCL9 were mediated via an IL-2-independent pathway and were controlled by IFN-gamma. This study demonstrates that MIG/CXCL9 stimulates T lymphocyte proliferation and effector cytokine production, in addition to its chemotactic effects. This novel observation expands our current understanding of MIG/CXCL9 biology beyond that of mediating T cell trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Whiting
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine,University of California-Los Angeles, UCLA Medical Center, 10833 LeConte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Lebwohl M, Dinehart S, Whiting D, Lee PK, Tawfik N, Jorizzo J, Lee JH, Fox TL. Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of actinic keratosis: results from two phase III, randomized, double-blind, parallel group, vehicle-controlled trials. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004; 50:714-21. [PMID: 15097955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2003.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune system plays a critical role in the development and pathogenesis of actinic keratosis (AK). Imiquimod has been shown to stimulate the cutaneous immune response and be effective for the treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancers. OBJECTIVE Two phase III, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled studies evaluated the efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream compared with vehicle in the treatment of AK lesions on the face and balding scalp. METHODS A total of 436 participants at 24 centers in the United States and Canada were randomized to either imiquimod 5% or vehicle cream. Study cream was applied one time per day, 2 days per week for 16 weeks. Clearance of AK lesions was clinically assessed at an 8-week posttreatment visit. RESULTS The complete clearance rate was 45.1% for the imiquimod group and 3.2% for the vehicle group. The difference in complete clearance rates (imiquimod minus vehicle) was 41.9% with a 95% confidence interval of 34.9% to 49%. The partial (> or =75%) clearance rate was 59.1% for the imiquimod group and 11.8% for the vehicle group. The difference in partial clearance rates (imiquimod minus vehicle) was 47.3% with a 95% confidence interval of 39.5% to 55.1%. The median percent reduction in AK lesions was 83.3% for the imiquimod group and 0% for the vehicle group. Local skin reactions were common. Severe erythema was reported by 17.7% of participants who received imiquimod and 2.3% of participants who received vehicle. Overall, imiquimod was very well tolerated. CONCLUSION Imiquimod 5% cream used 2 times per week for 16 weeks is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for AK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lebwohl
- Department of Dermatology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029-6574, USA.
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Yun JJ, Whiting D, Fischbein MP, Banerji A, Irie Y, Stein D, Fishbein MC, Proudfoot AEI, Laks H, Berliner JA, Ardehali A. Combined blockade of the chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR5 attenuates chronic rejection. Circulation 2004; 109:932-7. [PMID: 14757698 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000112595.65972.8a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemokine-chemokine receptor interaction and the subsequent recruitment of T-lymphocytes to the graft are early events in the development of chronic rejection of transplanted hearts or cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV). In this study, we sought to determine whether blockade of chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR5 with Met-RANTES affects the development of CAV in a murine model. METHODS AND RESULTS B6.CH-2(bm12) strain donor hearts were transplanted heterotopically into wild-type C57BL/6 mice (myosin heavy chain II mismatch). Recipients were treated daily with either Met-RANTES or vehicle starting on postoperative day 4 and were euthanized on postoperative days 24 and 56. We found that Met-RANTES significantly reduced intimal thickening in this model of chronic rejection and that Met-RANTES markedly decreased the infiltration of CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes and MOMA-2+ monocytes/macrophages into transplanted hearts. Met-RANTES also suppressed the ex vivo and in vitro proliferative responses of recipient splenocytes to donor antigens. Finally, Met-RANTES treatment was associated with a marked reduction in RANTES/CCL5 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene transcript levels in the donor hearts. CONCLUSIONS Antagonism of the chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR5 with Met-RANTES attenuates CAV development in vivo by reducing mononuclear cell recruitment to the transplanted heart, proliferative responses to donor antigens, and intragraft RANTES/CCL5 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene transcript levels. These findings suggest that chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR5 play significant roles in the development of chronic rejection and may serve as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Yun
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif, USA
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Whiting D, Hsieh G, Banerji A, Schnickel G, Yun J, Bonavida B, Ardehali A. Chemokine MIG/CXCl9 stimulates CD4 T lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-γ expression. J Heart Lung Transplant 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2003.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Whiting D, Banerji A, Ross D, Levine M, Shpiner R, Lackey S, Ardehali A. Liberalization of Donor Criteria in Lung Transplantation. Am Surg 2003. [DOI: 10.1177/000313480306901018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Donor shortage remains a major obstacle to widespread application of lung transplantation. In region 5, including California, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Arizona, the United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) database median waiting time for lung transplant candidates in 2000–2001 exceeded 17 months. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of liberalization of donor criteria on median waiting time and short-term outcome of lung transplantation. From September 1999 to October 2002, 42 patients underwent lung transplantation from nonstandard donors. The donors were classified as nonstandard due to (1) infiltrate on chest radiograph (n = 33), (2) PaO2 < 300 on FiO2 1.0 and PEEP 5 (n = 3), (3) PaO2 < 100 on FiO2 0.4 and PEEP 5 (n = 3), (4) purulent sputum on bronchoscopy (n = 22), and (5) smoking history greater than 50 pack-years (n = 1). Perioperative characteristics and short-term outcome of this group was analyzed. The median waiting time for this cohort was 114 days (range, 10–1267), as compared with the national UNOS database median waiting time of 24 months between 1996 and 2001. The incidence of ischemia reperfusion injury was 2.3 per cent. None of the recipients developed pneumonia. The median ventilator support time was 2 days (range, 1–95). The median ICU stay and hospital stay were 4 days (range, 2–103) and 14 days (range, 5–194), respectively. The 3-month survival was 97.6 per cent. Selective liberalization of donor lung criteria can decrease the waiting time and is associated with favorable short-term outcome. Utilization of nonstandard lungs can expand the donor pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Whiting
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiathoracic Surgery, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anamika Banerji
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiathoracic Surgery, Los Angeles, California
| | - David Ross
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffea School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael Levine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffea School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert Shpiner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffea School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stephanie Lackey
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiathoracic Surgery, Los Angeles, California
| | - Abbas Ardehali
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiathoracic Surgery, Los Angeles, California
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