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White AJ, Clark KA, Alexander KD, Ramalingam N, Young-Pearse TL, Dettmer U, Selkoe DJ, Ho GPH. A stem cell-based assay platform demonstrates alpha-synuclein dependent synaptic dysfunction in patient-derived cortical neurons. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:107. [PMID: 38773105 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00725-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (αS)-rich Lewy bodies and neurites in the cerebral cortex correlate with the presence of dementia in Parkinson disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), but whether αS influences synaptic vesicle dynamics in human cortical neurons is unknown. Using a new iPSC-based assay platform for measuring synaptic vesicle cycling, we found that in human cortical glutamatergic neurons, increased αS from either transgenic expression or triplication of the endogenous locus in patient-derived neurons reduced synaptic vesicle cycling under both stimulated and spontaneous conditions. Thus, using a robust, easily adopted assay platform, we show for the first time αS-induced synaptic dysfunction in human cortical neurons, a key cellular substrate for PD dementia and DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J White
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Karis A Clark
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kellianne D Alexander
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nagendran Ramalingam
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tracy L Young-Pearse
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Gary P H Ho
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Bellier JP, Roman A, Christiano C, Anzai JA, Moreno S, Campbell EC, Godwin L, Li A, Chen A, Alan SM, Saba A, Yoo HB, Yang HS, Chhatwal JP, Selkoe DJ, Liu L. Identification of Fibrinogen as a Plasma Protein Binding Partner for Lecanemab Biosimilar IgG: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. bioRxiv 2024:2024.05.01.591892. [PMID: 38746192 PMCID: PMC11092601 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.01.591892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recombinant monoclonal therapeutic antibodies like lecanemab, which target amyloid beta in Alzheimer's disease, offer a promising approach for modifying the disease progression. Due to its relatively short half-life, Lecanemab, administered as a bi-monthly infusion (typically 10mg/kg) has a relatively brief half-life. Interaction with abundant plasma proteins binder in the bloodstream can affect pharmacokinetics of drugs, including their half-life. In this study we investigated potential plasma protein binding interaction to lecanemab using lecanemab biosimilar. METHODS Lecanemab biosimilar used in this study was based on publicly available sequences. ELISA and Western blotting were used to assess lecanemab biosimilar immunoreactivity in the fractions human plasma sample obtained through size exclusion chromatography. The binding of lecanemab biosimilar to candidate binders was confirmed by Western blotting, ELISA, and surface plasmon resonance analysis. RESULTS Using a combination of equilibrium dialysis, ELISA, and Western blotting in human plasma, we first describe the presence of likely plasma protein binding partner to lecanemab biosimilar, and then identify fibrinogen as one of them. Utilizing surface plasmon resonance, we confirmed that lecanemab biosimilar does bind to fibrinogen, although with lower affinity than to monomeric amyloid beta. CONCLUSION In the context of lecanemab therapy, these results imply that fibrinogen levels could impact the levels of free antibodies in the bloodstream and that fibrinogen might serve as a reservoir for lecanemab. More broadly, these results indicate that plasma protein binding may be an important consideration when clinically utilizing therapeutic antibodies in neurodegenerative disease.
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Selkoe DJ. The advent of Alzheimer treatments will change the trajectory of human aging. Nat Aging 2024; 4:453-463. [PMID: 38641654 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00611-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Slowing neurodegenerative disorders of late life has lagged behind progress on other chronic diseases. But advances in two areas, biochemical pathology and human genetics, have now identified early pathogenic events, enabling molecular hypotheses and disease-modifying treatments. A salient example is the discovery that antibodies to amyloid ß-protein, long debated as a causative factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD), clear amyloid plaques, decrease levels of abnormal tau proteins and slow cognitive decline. Approval of amyloid antibodies as the first disease-modifying treatments means a gradually rising fraction of the world's estimated 60 million people with symptomatic disease may decline less or even stabilize. Society is entering an era in which the unchecked devastation of AD is no longer inevitable. This Perspective considers the impact of slowing AD and other neurodegenerative disorders on the trajectory of aging, allowing people to survive into late life with less functional decline. The implications of this moment for medicine and society are profound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Nuber S, Zhang X, McCaffery TD, Moors TE, Adom MA, Hahn WN, Martin D, Ericsson M, Tripathi A, Dettmer U, Svenningsson P, Selkoe DJ. Author Correction: Generation of G51D and 3D mice reveals decreased α-synuclein tetramer-monomer ratios promote Parkinson's disease phenotypes. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:57. [PMID: 38472218 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00675-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silke Nuber
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Xiaoqun Zhang
- Neuro Svenningsson, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas D McCaffery
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tim E Moors
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Marie-Alexandre Adom
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wolf N Hahn
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dylan Martin
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Arati Tripathi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Neuro Svenningsson, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Bellier J, Cai Y, Alam SM, Wiederhold T, Aiello A, Vogelgsang JS, Berretta S, Chhatwal JP, Selkoe DJ, Liu L. Uncovering elevated tau TPP motif phosphorylation in the brain of Alzheimer's disease patients. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:1573-1585. [PMID: 38041855 PMCID: PMC10947957 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A wide array of post-translational modifications of the tau protein occurs in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and they are critical to pathogenesis and biomarker development. Several promising tau markers, pT181, pT217, and pT231, rely on increased phosphorylation within a common molecular motif threonine-proline-proline (TPP). METHODS We validated new and existing antibodies against pT217, pT231, pT175, and pT181, then combined immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunoassays (ELISA) to broadly examine the phosphorylation of the tau TPP motif in AD brains. RESULTS The tau burden, as examined by IHC and ELISA, correlates to Braak stages across all TPP sites. Moreover, we observed regional variability across four TPP motif phosphorylation sites in multiple brains of sporadic AD patients. DISCUSSION We conclude that there is an elevation of TPP tau phosphorylation in AD brains as disease advances. The regional variability of pTPP tau suggests that examining different phosphorylation sites is essential for a comprehensive assessment of tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuqi Cai
- Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sarah M. Alam
- Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Arica Aiello
- Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.DanversMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Sabina Berretta
- McLean HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBelmontMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Dennis J. Selkoe
- Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Lei Liu
- Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Nuber S, Zhang X, McCaffery TD, Moors TE, Adom MA, Hahn WN, Martin D, Ericsson M, Tripathi A, Dettmer U, Svenningsson P, Selkoe DJ. Generation of G51D and 3D mice reveals decreased α-synuclein tetramer-monomer ratios promote Parkinson's disease phenotypes. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:47. [PMID: 38424059 PMCID: PMC10904737 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00662-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the α-Synuclein (αS) gene promote αS monomer aggregation that causes neurodegeneration in familial Parkinson's disease (fPD). However, most mouse models expressing single-mutant αS transgenes develop neuronal aggregates very slowly, and few have dopaminergic cell loss, both key characteristics of PD. To accelerate neurotoxic aggregation, we previously generated fPD αS E46K mutant mice with rationally designed triple mutations based on the α-helical repeat motif structure of αS (fPD E46K→3 K). The 3 K variant increased αS membrane association and decreased the physiological tetramer:monomer ratio, causing lipid- and vesicle-rich inclusions and robust tremor-predominant, L-DOPA responsive PD-like phenotypes. Here, we applied an analogous approach to the G51D fPD mutation and its rational amplification (G51D → 3D) to generate mutant mice. In contrast to 3 K mice, G51D and 3D mice accumulate monomers almost exclusively in the cytosol while also showing decreased αS tetramer:monomer ratios. Both 1D and 3D mutant mice gradually accumulate insoluble, higher-molecular weight αS oligomers. Round αS neuronal deposits at 12 mos immunolabel for ubiquitin and pSer129 αS, with limited proteinase K resistance. Both 1D and 3D mice undergo loss of striatal TH+ fibers and midbrain dopaminergic neurons by 12 mos and a bradykinesia responsive to L-DOPA. The 3D αS mice have decreased tetramer:monomer equilibria and recapitulate major features of PD. These fPD G51D and 3D mutant mice should be useful models to study neuronal αS-toxicity associated with bradykinetic motor phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Nuber
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Xiaoqun Zhang
- Neuro Svenningsson, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas D McCaffery
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tim E Moors
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Marie-Alexandre Adom
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wolf N Hahn
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dylan Martin
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Arati Tripathi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Neuro Svenningsson, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Ramalingam N, Brontesi L, Jin S, Selkoe DJ, Dettmer U. Dynamic reversibility of α-synuclein serine-129 phosphorylation is impaired in synucleinopathy models. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57145. [PMID: 37870370 PMCID: PMC10702791 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein phosphorylation at serine-129 (pS129) is a widely used surrogate marker of pathology in Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies. However, we recently demonstrated that phosphorylation of S129 is also a physiological activator of synaptic transmission. In a feed-forward fashion, neuronal activity triggers reversible pS129. Here, we show that Parkinson's disease-linked missense mutations in SNCA impact activity-dependent pS129. Under basal conditions, cytosol-enriched A30P, H50Q, and G51D mutant forms of α-synuclein exhibit reduced pS129 levels in rat primary cortical neurons. A53T pS129 levels are similar to wild-type, and E46K pS129 levels are higher. A30P and E46K mutants show impaired reversibility of pS129 after stimulation. For the engineered profoundly membrane-associated α-synuclein mutant "3K" (E35K + E46K + E61K), de-phosphorylation was virtually absent after blocking stimulation, implying that reversible pS129 is severely compromised. Importantly, pS129 excess resulting from proteasome inhibition is also associated with reduced reversibility by neuronal inhibition, kinase inhibition, or phosphatase activation. Our findings suggest that perturbed pS129 dynamics are probably a shared characteristic of pathology-associated α-synuclein, with possible implications for synucleinopathy treatment and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendran Ramalingam
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic DiseasesBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Lisa Brontesi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic DiseasesBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Shan‐Xue Jin
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic DiseasesBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic DiseasesBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic DiseasesBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
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Stern AM, Van Pelt KL, Liu L, Anderson AK, Ostaszewski B, Mapstone M, O’Bryant S, Petersen ME, Christian BT, Handen BL, Selkoe DJ, Schmitt F, Head E. Plasma NT1-tau and Aβ 42 correlate with age and cognitive function in two large Down syndrome cohorts. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:5755-5764. [PMID: 37438872 PMCID: PMC10784408 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People with Down syndrome (DS) often develop Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we asked whether ultrasensitive plasma immunoassays for a tau N-terminal fragment (NT1-tau) and Aβ isoforms predict cognitive impairment. METHODS Plasma NT1-tau, Aβ37 , Aβ40 , and Aβ42 levels were measured in a longitudinal discovery cohort (N = 85 participants, 220 samples) and a cross-sectional validation cohort (N = 239). We developed linear models and predicted values in the validation cohort. RESULTS Discovery cohort linear mixed models for NT1-tau, Aβ42 , and Aβ37:42 were significant for age; there was no main effect of time. In cross-sectional models, NT1-tau increased and Aβ42 decreased with age. NT1-tau predicted cognitive and functional scores. The discovery cohort linear model for NT1-tau predicted levels in the validation cohort. DISCUSSION NT1-tau correlates with age and worse cognition in DS. Further validation of NT1-tau and other plasma biomarkers of AD neuropathology in DS cohorts is important for clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Stern
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kathryn L. Van Pelt
- Sanders-Brown Center for Aging, Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508
| | - Lei Liu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Amirah K. Anderson
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Beth Ostaszewski
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Mark Mapstone
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868
| | - Sid O’Bryant
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107
| | | | | | - Benjamin L. Handen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Dennis J. Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Frederick Schmitt
- Sanders-Brown Center for Aging, Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
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Stern AM, Selkoe DJ. Soluble oligomers or insoluble fibrils? Scientific commentary on "Tau seeding and spreading in vivo is supported by both AD-derived fibrillar and oligomeric tau". Acta Neuropathol 2023; 146:861-862. [PMID: 37733037 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02633-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Stern
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, 10002S, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, 10002S, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Jin M, Wei Z, Ramalingam N, Xiao M, Xu A, Yu X, Song Q, Liu W, Zhao J, Zhang D, Selkoe DJ, Li S. Activation of β 2-adrenergic receptors prevents AD-type synaptotoxicity via epigenetic mechanisms. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4877-4888. [PMID: 37365243 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that prolonged exposure to an enriched environment (EE) enhances hippocampal synaptic plasticity, with one of the significant mechanistic pathways being activation of β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) signaling, thereby mitigating the synaptotoxic effects of soluble oligomers of amyloid β-protein (oAβ). However, the detailed mechanism remained elusive. In this work, we recorded field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSP) in the CA1 region of mouse hippocampal slices treated with or without toxic Aβ-species. We found that pharmacological activation of β2-AR, but not β1-AR, selectively mimicked the effects of EE in enhancing LTP and preventing oAβ-induced synaptic dysfunction. Mechanistic analyses showed that certain histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors mimicked the benefits of EE, but this was not seen in β2-AR knockout mice, suggesting that activating β2-AR prevents oAβ-mediated synaptic dysfunction via changes in histone acetylation. EE or activation of β-ARs each decreased HDAC2, whereas Aβ oligomers increased HDAC2 levels in the hippocampus. Further, oAβ-induced inflammatory effects and neurite degeneration were prevented by either β2-AR agonists or certain specific HDAC inhibitors. These preclinical results suggest that activation of β2-AR is a novel potential therapeutic strategy to mitigate oAβ-mediated features of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jin
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zhiyun Wei
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nagendran Ramalingam
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Meng Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453100, China
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Anqi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453100, China
| | - Xiaohan Yu
- Department of Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453100, China
| | - Qingyang Song
- Department of Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453100, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453100, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453100, China
| | - Dainan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453100, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shaomin Li
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Stern AM, Yang Y, Jin S, Yamashita K, Meunier AL, Liu W, Cai Y, Ericsson M, Liu L, Goedert M, Scheres SHW, Selkoe DJ. Abundant Aβ fibrils in ultracentrifugal supernatants of aqueous extracts from Alzheimer's disease brains. Neuron 2023; 111:2012-2020.e4. [PMID: 37167969 PMCID: PMC10330525 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Soluble oligomers of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) have been defined as aggregates in supernatants following ultracentrifugation of aqueous extracts from Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains and are believed to be upstream initiators of synaptic dysfunction, but little is known about their structures. We now report the unexpected presence of Aβ fibrils in synaptotoxic high-speed supernatants from AD brains extracted by soaking in an aqueous buffer. The fibrils did not appear to form during preparation, and their counts by EM correlated with Aβ ELISA quantification. Cryo-EM structures of aqueous Aβ fibrils were identical to those from sarkosyl-insoluble homogenates. The fibrils in aqueous extracts were labeled by lecanemab, an Aβ aggregate-directed antibody reported to improve AD cognitive outcomes. Lecanemab provided protection against aqueous fibril synaptotoxicity. We conclude that fibrils are abundant in aqueous extracts from AD brains and have the same structures as those from plaques. These findings have implications for AD pathogenesis and drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Stern
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Shanxue Jin
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Keitaro Yamashita
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Angela L Meunier
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wen Liu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuqi Cai
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Harvard Medical School Electron Microscopy Facility, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lei Liu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michel Goedert
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Sjors H W Scheres
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Nuber S, Selkoe DJ. The Parkinson-Associated Toxin Paraquat Shifts Physiological α-Synuclein Tetramers toward Monomers That Can Be Calpain-Truncated and Form Oligomers. Am J Pathol 2023; 193:520-531. [PMID: 36773784 PMCID: PMC10155269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein (αS) is thought to initiate neuronal dysfunction and death in Parkinson disease (PD). In addition to higher-molecular-weight, oligomeric, and polymeric forms of αS associated with neurotoxicity and disease, recent findings indicate the occurrence of physiological tetrameric assemblies in healthy neurons in culture and in brain. Herein, the PD-associated neurotoxin paraquat reduced physiological tetramers and led to calpain-truncated monomers and an approximately 70-kDa apparent oligomer different in size from physiological αS multimers. These truncated and oligomeric forms could also be generated by calpain cleavage of pure, recombinant human αS in vitro. Moreover, they were detected in the brains of tetramer-abrogating, E46K-amplified (3K) mice that model PD. These results indicate that paraquat triggers membrane damage and aberrant calpain activity that can induce a pathologic shift of tetramers toward an excess of full-length and truncated monomers, the accumulation of αS oligomers, and insoluble cytoplasmic αS puncta. The findings suggest that an environmental precipitant of PD can alter αS tetramer/monomer equilibrium, as already shown for several genetically caused forms of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Nuber
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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13
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Young-Pearse TL, Lee H, Hsieh YC, Chou V, Selkoe DJ. Moving beyond amyloid and tau to capture the biological heterogeneity of Alzheimer’s disease. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:426-444. [PMID: 37019812 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) manifests along a spectrum of cognitive deficits and levels of neuropathology. Genetic studies support a heterogeneous disease mechanism, with around 70 associated loci to date, implicating several biological processes that mediate risk for AD. Despite this heterogeneity, most experimental systems for testing new therapeutics are not designed to capture the genetically complex drivers of AD risk. In this review, we first provide an overview of those aspects of AD that are largely stereotyped and those that are heterogeneous, and we review the evidence supporting the concept that different subtypes of AD are important to consider in the design of agents for the prevention and treatment of the disease. We then dive into the multifaceted biological domains implicated to date in AD risk, highlighting studies of the diverse genetic drivers of disease. Finally, we explore recent efforts to identify biological subtypes of AD, with an emphasis on the experimental systems and data sets available to support progress in this area.
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14
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Stern AM, Van Pelt KL, Liu L, Anderson AK, Ostaszewski B, Mapstone M, O'Bryant S, Petersen ME, Christian BT, Handen BL, Selkoe DJ, Schmitt F, Head E. Plasma NT1-tau and Aβ 42 correlate with age and cognitive function in two large Down syndrome cohorts. medRxiv 2023:2023.03.10.23287109. [PMID: 36945447 PMCID: PMC10029060 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.10.23287109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction People with Down syndrome (DS) often develop Alzheimer disease (AD). Here we asked whether ultrasensitive plasma immunoassays for a tau N-terminal fragment (NT1-tau) and Aβ isoforms predict cognitive impairment. Methods Plasma NT1-tau, Aβ 37 , Aβ 40 , and Aβ 42 levels were measured in a longitudinal discovery cohort (N = 85 participants, 220 samples) and a cross-sectional validation cohort (N = 239). We developed linear models and predicted values in the validation cohort. Results Linear mixed models for NT1-tau, Aβ 42, and Aβ 37:42 were significant for age, there was no main effect of time in the discovery cohort. In cross-sectional models, NT1-tau and Aβ 42 increased with age. NT1-tau predicted DLD scores. The discovery cohort linear model for NT1-tau predicted NT1-tau levels in the validation cohort. Discussion NT1-tau correlates with age and worse cognition in DS. Further validation of NT1-tau and other plasma biomarkers of AD neuropathology in DS cohorts is important for clinical utility.
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15
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Ho GPH, Wilkie EC, White AJ, Selkoe DJ. Palmitoylation of the Parkinson's disease-associated protein synaptotagmin-11 links its turnover to α-synuclein homeostasis. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eadd7220. [PMID: 36787382 PMCID: PMC10150695 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.add7220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Synaptotagmin-11 (Syt11) is a vesicle-trafficking protein that is linked genetically to Parkinson's disease (PD). Likewise, the protein α-synuclein regulates vesicle trafficking, and its abnormal aggregation in neurons is the defining cytopathology of PD. Because of their functional similarities in the same disease context, we investigated whether the two proteins were connected. We found that Syt11 was palmitoylated in mouse and human brain tissue and in cultured cortical neurons and that this modification to Syt11 disrupted α-synuclein homeostasis in neurons. Palmitoylation of two cysteines adjacent to the transmembrane domain, Cys39 and Cys40, localized Syt11 to digitonin-insoluble portions of intracellular membranes and protected it from degradation by the endolysosomal system. In neurons, palmitoylation of Syt11 increased its abundance and enhanced the binding of α-synuclein to intracellular membranes. As a result, the abundance of the physiologic tetrameric form of α-synuclein was decreased, and that of its aggregation-prone monomeric form was increased. These effects were replicated by overexpression of wild-type Syt11 but not a palmitoylation-deficient mutant. These findings suggest that palmitoylation-mediated increases in Syt11 amounts may promote pathological α-synuclein aggregation in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary P. H. Ho
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Erin C. Wilkie
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Andrew J. White
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Dennis J. Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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16
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Ramalingam N, Jin SX, Moors TE, Fonseca-Ornelas L, Shimanaka K, Lei S, Cam HP, Watson AH, Brontesi L, Ding L, Hacibaloglu DY, Jiang H, Choi SJ, Kanter E, Liu L, Bartels T, Nuber S, Sulzer D, Mosharov EV, Chen WV, Li S, Selkoe DJ, Dettmer U. Dynamic physiological α-synuclein S129 phosphorylation is driven by neuronal activity. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:4. [PMID: 36646701 PMCID: PMC9842642 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00444-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies, the elevation of α-synuclein phosphorylated at Serine129 (pS129) is a widely cited marker of pathology. However, the physiological role for pS129 has remained undefined. Here we use multiple approaches to show for the first time that pS129 functions as a physiological regulator of neuronal activity. Neuronal activity triggers a sustained increase of pS129 in cultured neurons (200% within 4 h). In accord, brain pS129 is elevated in environmentally enriched mice exhibiting enhanced long-term potentiation. Activity-dependent α-synuclein phosphorylation is S129-specific, reversible, confers no cytotoxicity, and accumulates at synapsin-containing presynaptic boutons. Mechanistically, our findings are consistent with a model in which neuronal stimulation enhances Plk2 kinase activity via a calcium/calcineurin pathway to counteract PP2A phosphatase activity for efficient phosphorylation of membrane-bound α-synuclein. Patch clamping of rat SNCA-/- neurons expressing exogenous wild-type or phospho-incompetent (S129A) α-synuclein suggests that pS129 fine-tunes the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neuronal currents. Consistently, our novel S129A knock-in (S129AKI) mice exhibit impaired hippocampal plasticity. The discovery of a key physiological function for pS129 has implications for understanding the role of α-synuclein in neurotransmission and adds nuance to the interpretation of pS129 as a synucleinopathy biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendran Ramalingam
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Shan-Xue Jin
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tim E Moors
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Luis Fonseca-Ornelas
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kazuma Shimanaka
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shi Lei
- Leveragen, Inc., 17 Briden Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Hugh P Cam
- Leveragen, Inc., 17 Briden Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | | | - Lisa Brontesi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lai Ding
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dinc Yasat Hacibaloglu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Se Joon Choi
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Ellen Kanter
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Lei Liu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tim Bartels
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Silke Nuber
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David Sulzer
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics and Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Eugene V Mosharov
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Weisheng V Chen
- Leveragen, Inc., 17 Briden Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Shaomin Li
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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17
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Xu H, Rajsombath MM, Weikop P, Selkoe DJ. Enriched environment enhances β-adrenergic signaling to prevent microglia inflammation by amyloid-β. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e17061. [PMID: 36629339 PMCID: PMC9832826 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202217061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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18
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Liu L, Lauro BM, He A, Lee H, Bhattarai S, Wolfe MS, Bennett DA, Karch CM, Young-Pearse T, Selkoe DJ. Identification of the Aβ37/42 peptide ratio in CSF as an improved Aβ biomarker for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:79-96. [PMID: 35278341 PMCID: PMC9464800 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Identifying CSF-based biomarkers for the β-amyloidosis that initiates Alzheimer's disease (AD) could provide inexpensive and dynamic tests to distinguish AD from normal aging and predict future cognitive decline. METHODS We developed immunoassays specifically detecting all C-terminal variants of secreted amyloid β-protein and identified a novel biomarker, the Aβ 37/42 ratio, that outperforms the canonical Aβ42/40 ratio as a means to evaluate the γ-secretase activity and brain Aβ accumulation. RESULTS We show that Aβ 37/42 can distinguish physiological and pathological status in (1) presenilin-1 mutant vs wild-type cultured cells, (2) AD vs control brain tissue, and (3) AD versus cognitively normal (CN) subjects in CSF, where 37/42 (AUC 0.9622) outperformed 42/40 (AUC 0.8651) in distinguishing CN from AD. DISCUSSION We conclude that the Aβ 37/42 ratio sensitively detects presenilin/γ-secretase dysfunction and better distinguishes CN from AD than Aβ42/40 in CSF. Measuring this novel ratio alongside promising phospho-tau analytes may provide highly discriminatory fluid biomarkers for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Bianca M. Lauro
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Amy He
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Hyo Lee
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Sanjay Bhattarai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS USA
| | - Michael S. Wolfe
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS USA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Celeste M. Karch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
- Hope Center for Neurologic Disorders, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Tracy Young-Pearse
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | | | - Dennis J. Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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19
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Weiner HL, Lopes J, Zhang X, Baufeld C, Rezende R, Selkoe DJ, Butovsky O. Treatment of Alzheimer’s disease by modulation of microglial neuroinflammation by nasal anti‐CD3 mAb. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.068761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases Department of Neurology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
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20
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Liu L, Lawton TL, Liu W, Cai Y, Meunier A, Lauro B, Jin S, Selkoe DJ. An oligomer‐directed Aβ antibody decreases synaptotoxic oligomeric Aβ in brain and improves behavioral abnormality in humanized APP knock‐in mice. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.069066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases Department of Neurology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | | | - Wen Liu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases Department of Neurology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Yuqi Cai
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases Department of Neurology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Angela Meunier
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases Department of Neurology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Bianca Lauro
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases Department of Neurology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Shanxue Jin
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases Department of Neurology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases Department of Neurology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
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21
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Schultz SA, Liu L, Ostaszewski B, Fitzpatrick CD, Xiong C, Fagan AM, Noble JM, Rosa‐Neto P, Farlow MR, Schofield PW, Morris JC, Perrin RJ, Jucker M, Jack CR, Karch CM, Gordon BA, Johnson KA, McDade E, Sperling RA, Bateman RJ, Selkoe DJ, Chhatwal JP. Plasma levels of an N‐terminal tau fragment predict core AD and neurodegenerative biomarkers in autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease: Findings from DIAN. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.069285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lei Liu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Beth Ostaszewski
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | | | - Chengjie Xiong
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - Anne M. Fagan
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - James M Noble
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY USA
| | | | | | | | - John C. Morris
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - Richard J. Perrin
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - Mathias Jucker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Tuebingen Germany
| | | | - Celeste M. Karch
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - Brian A. Gordon
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - Keith A. Johnson
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Eric McDade
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - Reisa A. Sperling
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
- Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA USA
| | | | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Jasmeer P. Chhatwal
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
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22
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Ostrowitzki S, Bittner T, Sink KM, Mackey H, Rabe C, Honig LS, Cassetta E, Woodward M, Boada M, van Dyck CH, Grimmer T, Selkoe DJ, Schneider A, Blondeau K, Hu N, Quartino A, Clayton D, Dolton M, Dang Y, Ostaszewski B, Sanabria-Bohórquez SM, Rabbia M, Toth B, Eichenlaub U, Smith J, Honigberg LA, Doody RS. Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Crenezumab vs Placebo in Adults With Early Alzheimer Disease: Two Phase 3 Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials. JAMA Neurol 2022; 79:1113-1121. [PMID: 36121669 PMCID: PMC9486635 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.2909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Alzheimer disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by β-amyloid plaques and τ tangles in the brain, represents an unmet medical need with no fully approved therapeutics to modify disease progression. Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of crenezumab, a humanized monoclonal immunoglobulin G4 antibody targeting β-amyloid oligomers, in participants with prodromal to mild (early) AD. Design, Setting, and Participants Two phase 3 multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel-group efficacy and safety studies of crenezumab in participants with early AD, CREAD and CREAD2, were initiated in 2016 and 2017, respectively, and were designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of crenezumab in participants with early AD. CREAD (194 sites in 30 countries) and CREAD2 (209 sites in 27 countries) were global multicenter studies. A total of 3736 and 3664 participants were screened in CREAD and CREAD2, respectively. A total of 3736 and 3664 participants were screened in CREAD and CREAD2, respectively. Both trials enrolled individuals aged 50 to 85 years with early AD. Participants with some comorbidities and evidence of cerebral infarction or more than 4 microbleeds or areas of leptomeningeal hemosiderosis on magnetic resonance imaging were excluded. After 2923 and 2858 were excluded, respectively, 813 participants in CREAD and 806 in CREAD2 were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either placebo or crenezumab. In the final analysis, there were 409 participants in the placebo group and 404 in the crenezumab group in CREAD and 399 in the placebo group and 407 in the crenezumab group in CREAD2. Data were analyzed up until January 2019 and August 2019, respectively. Interventions Participants received placebo or 60 mg/kg crenezumab intravenously every 4 weeks for up to 100 weeks. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was change from baseline to week 105 in Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) score. Results There were 813 participants in CREAD (mean [SD] age, 70.7 [8.2] years; 483 female and 330 male) and 806 in CREAD2 (mean [SD] age, 70.9 [7.7] years; 456 female and 350 male). Baseline characteristics were balanced between both groups. The between-group difference in mean change from baseline in CDR-SB score (placebo minus crenezumab) was -0.17 (95% CI, -0.86 to 0.53; P = .63) at week 105 in the CREAD study (88 placebo; 86 crenezumab). Compared with previous trials, no new safety signals were identified, and amyloid-related imaging abnormalities with edema were rare, mild, and transient. No meaningful changes in AD biomarkers were observed. Both studies were discontinued following a preplanned interim analysis indicating that CREAD was unlikely to meet the primary end point. Conclusions and Relevance Crenezumab was well tolerated but did not reduce clinical decline in participants with early AD. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: CREAD, NCT02670083; CREAD2, NCT03114657.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tobias Bittner
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | | | - Lawrence S. Honig
- Taub Institute and Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Emanuele Cassetta
- Fatebenefratelli Foundation, Associazione Fatebenefratelli Per la Ricerca Division, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Isola Tiberina, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael Woodward
- Austin Health Continuing Care Clinical Service Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mercè Boada
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Timo Grimmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Dennis J. Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Nan Hu
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California
| | - Angelica Quartino
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Michael Dolton
- Roche Products Australia Pty Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yifan Dang
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Sanofi Genzyme, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Beth Ostaszewski
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Balazs Toth
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Jillian Smith
- Roche Products Ltd, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rachelle S. Doody
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California
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23
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Jin SX, Liu L, Li S, Meunier AL, Selkoe DJ. Aβ oligomers from human brain impair mossy fiber LTP in CA3 of hippocampus, but activating cAMP-PKA and cGMP-PKG prevents this. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 172:105816. [PMID: 35820646 PMCID: PMC9809147 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Early cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease may result in part from synaptic dysfunction caused by the accumulation oligomeric assemblies of amyloid β-protein (Aβ). Changes in hippocampal function seem critical for cognitive impairment in early Alzheimer's disease (AD). Diffusible oligomers of Aβ (oAβ) have been shown to block canonical long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 area of hippocampus, but whether there is also a direct effect of oAβ on synaptic transmission and plasticity at synapses between mossy fibers (axons) from the dentate gyrus granule cells and CA3 pyramidal neurons (mf-CA3 synapses) is unknown. Studies in APP transgenic mice have suggested an age-dependent impairment of mossy fiber LTP. Here we report that although endogenous AD brain-derived soluble oAβ had no effect on mossy-fiber basal transmission, it strongly impaired paired-pulse facilitation in the mossy fiber pathway and presynaptic mossy fiber LTP (mf-LTP). Selective activation of both β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors and their downstream cAMP/PKA signaling pathway prevented oAβ-mediated inhibition of mf-LTP. Unexpectedly, activation of the cGMP/PKG signaling pathway also prevented oAβ-impaired mf-LTP. Our results reveal certain specific pharmacological targets to ameliorate human oAβ-mediated impairment at the mf-CA3 synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dennis J. Selkoe
- Corresponding author at: Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Rm 10002Q, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America. (D.J. Selkoe)
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24
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Fonseca-Ornelas L, Stricker JMS, Soriano-Cruz S, Weykopf B, Dettmer U, Muratore CR, Scherzer CR, Selkoe DJ. Parkinson-causing mutations in LRRK2 impair the physiological tetramerization of endogenous α-synuclein in human neurons. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:118. [PMID: 36114228 PMCID: PMC9481630 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (αSyn) aggregation in Lewy bodies and neurites defines both familial and 'sporadic' Parkinson's disease. We previously identified α-helically folded αSyn tetramers, in addition to the long-known unfolded monomers, in normal cells. PD-causing αSyn mutations decrease the tetramer:monomer (T:M) ratio, associated with αSyn hyperphosphorylation and cytotoxicity in neurons and a motor syndrome of tremor and gait deficits in transgenic mice that responds in part to L-DOPA. Here, we asked whether LRRK2 mutations, the most common genetic cause of cases previously considered sporadic PD, also alter tetramer homeostasis. Patient neurons carrying G2019S, the most prevalent LRRK2 mutation, or R1441C each had decreased T:M ratios and pSer129 hyperphosphorylation of their endogenous αSyn along with increased phosphorylation of Rab10, a widely reported substrate of LRRK2 kinase activity. Two LRRK2 kinase inhibitors normalized the T:M ratio and the hyperphosphorylation in the G2019S and R1441C patient neurons. An inhibitor of stearoyl-CoA desaturase, the rate-limiting enzyme for monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis, also restored the αSyn T:M ratio and reversed pSer129 hyperphosphorylation in both mutants. Coupled with the recent discovery that PD-causing mutations of glucocerebrosidase in Gaucher's neurons also decrease T:M ratios, our findings indicate that three dominant genetic forms of PD involve life-long destabilization of αSyn physiological tetramers as a common pathogenic mechanism that can occur upstream of progressive neuronal synucleinopathy. Based on αSyn's finely-tuned interaction with certain vesicles, we hypothesize that the fatty acid composition and fluidity of membranes regulate αSyn's correct binding to highly curved membranes and subsequent assembly into metastable tetramers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fonseca-Ornelas
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan M S Stricker
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Stephanie Soriano-Cruz
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Beatrice Weykopf
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Christina R Muratore
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Clemens R Scherzer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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25
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Stern AM, Selkoe DJ. Unfairness to Patients With Alzheimer Disease in Medicare's Coverage of Antiamyloid Immunotherapy. JAMA Neurol 2022; 79:962-963. [PMID: 35913706 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.2131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Stern
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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26
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Nuber S, Chung CY, Tardiff DF, Bechade PA, McCaffery TD, Shimanaka K, Choi J, Chang B, Raja W, Neves E, Burke C, Jiang X, Xu P, Khurana V, Dettmer U, Fanning S, Rhodes KJ, Selkoe DJ, Scannevin RH. Correction to: A Brain-Penetrant Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Inhibitor Reverses α-Synuclein Toxicity. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:1434. [PMID: 35792968 PMCID: PMC9587197 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01268-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silke Nuber
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA, 02115, US.
| | - Chee Yeun Chung
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 40 Guest Street, Boston, MA, 02135, US.
| | | | - Pascal A Bechade
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA, 02115, US
| | - Thomas D McCaffery
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA, 02115, US
| | - Kazuma Shimanaka
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA, 02115, US
| | - Jeonghoon Choi
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 40 Guest Street, Boston, MA, 02135, US
| | - Belle Chang
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 40 Guest Street, Boston, MA, 02135, US
- iNeuro Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, 02116, US
| | - Waseem Raja
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 40 Guest Street, Boston, MA, 02135, US
| | - Esther Neves
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 40 Guest Street, Boston, MA, 02135, US
| | | | - Xin Jiang
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 40 Guest Street, Boston, MA, 02135, US
| | - Ping Xu
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 40 Guest Street, Boston, MA, 02135, US
| | - Vikram Khurana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA, 02115, US
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 40 Guest Street, Boston, MA, 02135, US
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA, 02115, US
| | - Saranna Fanning
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA, 02115, US
| | - Kenneth J Rhodes
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 40 Guest Street, Boston, MA, 02135, US
- Wave Life Sciences, 733 Concord Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, US
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA, 02115, US
| | - Robert H Scannevin
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 40 Guest Street, Boston, MA, 02135, US
- Verge Genomics, 2 Tower Pl, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, US
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27
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Liu L, Cai Y, Lauro BM, Meunier AL, Chhatwal J, Selkoe DJ. Generation and application of semi-synthetic p-Tau181 calibrator for immunoassay calibration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 611:85-90. [PMID: 35483223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that plasma levels of tau protein phosphorylated at specific residues such as p-T181, p-T217, and p-T231 can be used as biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis and prognosis. Accurate tools to calibrate immunoassays (calibrators) to precisely detect phosphorylated residues on tau protein will provide important gains in reliability and specificity. This study sought to establish a method to generate those accurate calibrators. We generated a semi-synthetic (chimeric) p-Tau181 calibrator by coupling a recombinant tau fragment (residues 1-174) with a synthetic peptide containing a single phosphorylated residue (p-T181) via thioester bond formation. The generation of a semi-synthetic protein containing both the N-terminal region of tau and the pT181 epitope was demonstrated by mobility shift assays using CBB staining and immunoblotting with N-terminal and pT181-specific antibodies. p-Tau 181 assays performed with the novel calibrator on multiple platforms revealed LLoQs as low as 0.14 pg/ml. Our facile and inexpensive method generates a semi-synthetic tau pT181 calibrator suitable for different immunoassay platforms. The same method can easily be adapted to other AD-relevant phospho-epitopes such as pT217 and pT231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Yuqi Cai
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bianca M Lauro
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Angela L Meunier
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jasmeer Chhatwal
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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28
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Nuber S, Chung CY, Tardiff DF, Bechade PA, McCaffery TD, Shimanaka K, Choi J, Chang B, Raja W, Neves E, Burke C, Jiang X, Xu P, Khurana V, Dettmer U, Fanning S, Rhodes KJ, Selkoe DJ, Scannevin RH. A Brain-Penetrant Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Inhibitor Reverses α-Synuclein Toxicity. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:1018-1036. [PMID: 35445353 PMCID: PMC9294123 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that Parkinson's disease (PD) impairs midbrain dopaminergic, cortical and other neuronal subtypes in large part due to the build-up of lipid- and vesicle-rich α-synuclein (αSyn) cytotoxic inclusions. We previously identified stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) as a potential therapeutic target for synucleinopathies. A brain-penetrant SCD inhibitor, YTX-7739, was developed and has entered Phase 1 clinical trials. Here, we report the efficacy of YTX-7739 in reversing pathological αSyn phenotypes in various in vitro and in vivo PD models. In cell-based assays, YTX-7739 decreased αSyn-mediated neuronal death, reversed the abnormal membrane interaction of amplified E46K ("3K") αSyn, and prevented pathological phenotypes in A53T and αSyn triplication patient-derived neurospheres, including dysregulated fatty acid profiles and pS129 αSyn accumulation. In 3K PD-like mice, YTX-7739 crossed the blood-brain barrier, decreased unsaturated fatty acids, and prevented progressive motor deficits. Both YTX-7739 treatment and decreasing SCD activity through deletion of one copy of the SCD1 gene (SKO) restored the physiological αSyn tetramer-to-monomer ratio, dopaminergic integrity, and neuronal survival in 3K αSyn mice. YTX-7739 efficiently reduced pS129 + and PK-resistant αSyn in both human wild-type αSyn and 3K mutant mice similar to the level of 3K-SKO. Together, these data provide further validation of SCD as a PD therapeutic target and YTX-7739 as a clinical candidate for treating human α-synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Nuber
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, MA, 02115, Boston, US.
| | - Chee Yeun Chung
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 40 Guest Street, Boston, MA, 02135, US.
| | | | - Pascal A Bechade
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, MA, 02115, Boston, US
| | - Thomas D McCaffery
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, MA, 02115, Boston, US
| | - Kazuma Shimanaka
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, MA, 02115, Boston, US
| | - Jeonghoon Choi
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 40 Guest Street, Boston, MA, 02135, US
| | - Belle Chang
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 40 Guest Street, Boston, MA, 02135, US
- iNeuro Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, 02116, US
| | - Waseem Raja
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 40 Guest Street, Boston, MA, 02135, US
| | - Esther Neves
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 40 Guest Street, Boston, MA, 02135, US
| | | | - Xin Jiang
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 40 Guest Street, Boston, MA, 02135, US
| | - Ping Xu
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 40 Guest Street, Boston, MA, 02135, US
| | - Vikram Khurana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, MA, 02115, Boston, US
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 40 Guest Street, Boston, MA, 02135, US
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, MA, 02115, Boston, US
| | - Saranna Fanning
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, MA, 02115, Boston, US
| | - Kenneth J Rhodes
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 40 Guest Street, Boston, MA, 02135, US
- Wave Life Sciences, 733 Concord Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, US
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, MA, 02115, Boston, US
| | - Robert H Scannevin
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 40 Guest Street, Boston, MA, 02135, US
- Verge Genomics, 2 Tower Pl, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, US
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29
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Rimmele TS, Li S, Andersen JV, Westi EW, Rotenberg A, Wang J, Aldana BI, Selkoe DJ, Aoki CJ, Dulla CG, Rosenberg PA. Neuronal Loss of the Glutamate Transporter GLT-1 Promotes Excitotoxic Injury in the Hippocampus. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:788262. [PMID: 35035352 PMCID: PMC8752461 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.788262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
GLT-1, the major glutamate transporter in the mammalian central nervous system, is expressed in presynaptic terminals that use glutamate as a neurotransmitter, in addition to astrocytes. It is widely assumed that glutamate homeostasis is regulated primarily by glutamate transporters expressed in astrocytes, leaving the function of GLT-1 in neurons relatively unexplored. We generated conditional GLT-1 knockout (KO) mouse lines to understand the cell-specific functions of GLT-1. We found that stimulus-evoked field extracellular postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) recorded in the CA1 region of the hippocampus were normal in the astrocytic GLT-1 KO but were reduced and often absent in the neuronal GLT-1 KO at 40 weeks. The failure of fEPSP generation in the neuronal GLT-1 KO was also observed in slices from 20 weeks old mice but not consistently from 10 weeks old mice. Using an extracellular FRET-based glutamate sensor, we found no difference in stimulus-evoked glutamate accumulation in the neuronal GLT-1 KO, suggesting a postsynaptic cause of the transmission failure. We hypothesized that excitotoxicity underlies the failure of functional recovery of slices from the neuronal GLT-1 KO. Consistent with this hypothesis, the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist MK801, when present in the ACSF during the recovery period following cutting of slices, promoted full restoration of fEPSP generation. The inclusion of an enzymatic glutamate scavenging system in the ACSF conferred partial protection. Excitotoxicity might be due to excess release or accumulation of excitatory amino acids, or to metabolic perturbation resulting in increased vulnerability to NMDA receptor activation. Previous studies have demonstrated a defect in the utilization of glutamate by synaptic mitochondria and aspartate production in the synGLT-1 KO in vivo, and we found evidence for similar metabolic perturbations in the slice preparation. In addition, mitochondrial cristae density was higher in synaptic mitochondria in the CA1 region in 20–25 weeks old synGLT-1 KO mice in the CA1 region, suggesting compensation for loss of axon terminal GLT-1 by increased mitochondrial efficiency. These data suggest that GLT-1 expressed in presynaptic terminals serves an important role in the regulation of vulnerability to excitotoxicity, and this regulation may be related to the metabolic role of GLT-1 expressed in glutamatergic axon terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa S Rimmele
- Department of Neurology and the F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shaomin Li
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jens Velde Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil W Westi
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander Rotenberg
- Department of Neurology and the F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jianlin Wang
- Department of Neurology and the F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Blanca Irene Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chiye J Aoki
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, NY, United States.,Neuroscience Institute NYU Langone Medical Center, NY, United States
| | - Chris G Dulla
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paul Allen Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology and the F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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30
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Stern AM, Liu L, Jin S, Liu W, Meunier AL, Ericsson M, Miller MB, Batson M, Sun T, Kathuria S, Reczek D, Pradier L, Selkoe DJ. OUP accepted manuscript. Brain 2022; 145:2528-2540. [PMID: 35084489 PMCID: PMC9337809 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aqueously soluble oligomers of amyloid-β peptide may be the principal neurotoxic forms of amyloid-β in Alzheimer’s disease, initiating downstream events that include tau hyperphosphorylation, neuritic/synaptic injury, microgliosis and neuron loss. Synthetic oligomeric amyloid-β has been studied extensively, but little is known about the biochemistry of natural oligomeric amyloid-β in human brain, even though it is more potent than simple synthetic peptides and comprises truncated and modified amyloid-β monomers. We hypothesized that monoclonal antibodies specific to neurotoxic oligomeric amyloid-β could be used to isolate it for further study. Here we report a unique human monoclonal antibody (B24) raised against synthetic oligomeric amyloid-β that potently prevents Alzheimer’s disease brain oligomeric amyloid-β-induced impairment of hippocampal long-term potentiation. B24 binds natural and synthetic oligomeric amyloid-β and a subset of amyloid plaques, but only in the presence of Ca2+. The amyloid-β N terminus is required for B24 binding. Hydroxyapatite chromatography revealed that natural oligomeric amyloid-β is highly avid for Ca2+. We took advantage of the reversible Ca2+-dependence of B24 binding to perform non-denaturing immunoaffinity isolation of oligomeric amyloid-β from Alzheimer’s disease brain-soluble extracts. Unexpectedly, the immunopurified material contained amyloid fibrils visualized by electron microscopy and amenable to further structural characterization. B24-purified human oligomeric amyloid-β inhibited mouse hippocampal long-term potentiation. These findings identify a calcium-dependent method for purifying bioactive brain oligomeric amyloid-β, at least some of which appears fibrillar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Stern
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road Rm 10002Q, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lei Liu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road Rm 10002Q, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shanxue Jin
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road Rm 10002Q, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wen Liu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road Rm 10002Q, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Angela L Meunier
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road Rm 10002Q, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Harvard Medical School Electron Microscopy Facility, Goldenson Building 323, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael B Miller
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Megan Batson
- Sanofi Corporation, 49 New York Avenue, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Tingwan Sun
- Sanofi Corporation, 49 New York Avenue, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Sagar Kathuria
- Sanofi Corporation, 49 New York Avenue, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - David Reczek
- Sanofi Corporation, 49 New York Avenue, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Laurent Pradier
- Sanofi Corporation, 49 New York Avenue, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Correspondence to: Dennis J. Selkoe Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital 60 Fenwood Road Rm 10002Q Boston, MA 02115, USA E-mail:
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31
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Lagomarsino VN, Pearse RV, Liu L, Hsieh YC, Fernandez MA, Vinton EA, Paull D, Felsky D, Tasaki S, Gaiteri C, Vardarajan B, Lee H, Muratore CR, Benoit CR, Chou V, Fancher SB, He A, Merchant JP, Duong DM, Martinez H, Zhou M, Bah F, Vicent MA, Stricker JMS, Xu J, Dammer EB, Levey AI, Chibnik LB, Menon V, Seyfried NT, De Jager PL, Noggle S, Selkoe DJ, Bennett DA, Young-Pearse TL. Stem cell-derived neurons reflect features of protein networks, neuropathology, and cognitive outcome of their aged human donors. Neuron 2021; 109:3402-3420.e9. [PMID: 34473944 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have generated a controlled and manipulable resource that captures genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease: iPSC lines from 53 individuals coupled with RNA and proteomic profiling of both iPSC-derived neurons and brain tissue of the same individuals. Data collected for each person include genome sequencing, longitudinal cognitive scores, and quantitative neuropathology. The utility of this resource is exemplified here by analyses of neurons derived from these lines, revealing significant associations between specific Aβ and tau species and the levels of plaque and tangle deposition in the brain and, more importantly, with the trajectory of cognitive decline. Proteins and networks are identified that are associated with AD phenotypes in iPSC neurons, and relevant associations are validated in brain. The data presented establish this iPSC collection as a resource for investigating person-specific processes in the brain that can aid in identifying and validating molecular pathways underlying AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina N Lagomarsino
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard V Pearse
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lei Liu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yi-Chen Hsieh
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marty A Fernandez
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Vinton
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Paull
- New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Felsky
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shinya Tasaki
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chris Gaiteri
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Badri Vardarajan
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hyo Lee
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christina R Muratore
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Courtney R Benoit
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vicky Chou
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seeley B Fancher
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy He
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie P Merchant
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Duc M Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hector Martinez
- New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Monica Zhou
- New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fatmata Bah
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria A Vicent
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan M S Stricker
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jishu Xu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Allan I Levey
- Department of Neurology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lori B Chibnik
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vilas Menon
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott Noggle
- New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tracy L Young-Pearse
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Selkoe DJ. Alzheimer's drugs: Does reducing amyloid work?-Response. Science 2021; 374:545-546. [PMID: 34709920 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm3288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Liu L, Kwak H, Lawton TL, Jin SX, Meunier AL, Dang Y, Ostaszewski B, Pietras AC, Stern AM, Selkoe DJ. An ultra-sensitive immunoassay detects and quantifies soluble Aβ oligomers in human plasma. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 18:1186-1202. [PMID: 34550630 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence strongly suggests that soluble oligomers of amyloid beta protein (oAβ) help initiate the pathogenic cascade of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To date, there have been no validated assays specific for detecting and quantifying oAβ in human blood. METHODS We developed an ultrasensitive oAβ immunoassay using a novel capture antibody (71A1) with N-terminal antibody 3D6 for detection that specifically quantifies soluble oAβ in the human brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and plasma. RESULTS Two new antibodies (71A1; 1G5) are oAβ-selective, label Aβ plaques in non-fixed AD brain sections, and potently neutralize the synaptotoxicity of AD brain-derived oAβ. The 71A1/3D6 assay showed excellent dilution linearity in CSF and plasma without matrix effects, good spike recovery, and specific immunodepletion. DISCUSSION We have created a sensitive, high throughput, and inexpensive method to quantify synaptotoxic oAβ in human plasma for analyzing large cohorts of aged and AD subjects to assess the dynamics of this key pathogenic species and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Hyunchang Kwak
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Trebor L Lawton
- Abyssinia Biologics, LLC, 23 Cedar Point Rd, Durham, New Hampshire, 03824, USA
| | - Shan-Xue Jin
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Angela L Meunier
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Yifan Dang
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Beth Ostaszewski
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Alison C Pietras
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Andrew M Stern
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Aisen PS, Cummings J, Doody R, Kramer L, Salloway S, Selkoe DJ, Sims J, Sperling RA, Vellas B. The Future of Anti-Amyloid Trials. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2021; 7:146-151. [PMID: 32463066 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2020.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The termination of many clinical trials of amyloid-targeting therapies for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has had a major impact on the AD clinical research enterprise. However, positive signals in recent studies have reinvigorated support for the amyloid hypothesis and amyloid-targeting strategies. In December 2019, the EU-US Clinical Trials on Alzheimer's Disease (CTAD) Task Force met to share learnings from these studies in order to inform future trials and promote the development of effective AD treatments. Critical factors that have emerged in studies of anti-amyloid monoclonal antibody therapies include developing a better understanding of the specific amyloid species targeted by different antibodies, advancing our insight into the mechanism by which those antibodies may reduce pathology, implementing more comprehensive repertoires of biomarkers into trials, and identifying appropriate doses. Studies suggest that Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities - effusion type (ARIA-E) are a manageable safety concern and that caution should be exercised before terminating studies based on interim analyses. The Task Force concluded that opportunities for developing effective treatments include developing new biomarkers, intervening in early stages of disease, and use of combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Aisen
- P.S. Aisen, University of Southern California Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, San Diego, CA, USA,
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Selkoe
- D.J. Selkoe, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,
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Liu L, Lauro BM, Wolfe MS, Selkoe DJ. Hydrophilic loop 1 of Presenilin-1 and the APP GxxxG transmembrane motif regulate γ-secretase function in generating Alzheimer-causing Aβ peptides. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100393. [PMID: 33571524 PMCID: PMC7961089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
γ-Secretase is responsible for the proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein (APP) into amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides, which are centrally implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The biochemical mechanism of how processing by γ-secretase is regulated, especially as regards the interaction between enzyme and substrate, remains largely unknown. Here, mutagenesis reveals that the hydrophilic loop-1 (HL-1) of presenilin-1 (PS1) is critical for both γ-secretase step-wise cleavages (processivity) and its allosteric modulation by heterocyclic γ-modulatory compounds. Systematic mutagenesis of HL-1, including all of its familial AD mutations and additional engineered variants, and quantification of the resultant Aβ products show that HL-1 is necessary for proper sequential γ-secretase processivity. We identify Y106, L113, and Y115 in HL-1 as key targets for heterocyclic γ-secretase modulators (GSMs) to stimulate processing of pathogenic Aβ peptides. Further, we confirm that the GxxxG domain in the APP transmembrane region functions as a critical substrate motif for γ-secretase processivity: a G29A substitution in APP-C99 mimics the beneficial effects of GSMs. Together, these findings provide a molecular basis for the structural regulation of γ-processivity by enzyme and substrate, facilitating the rational design of new GSMs that lower AD-initiating amyloidogenic Aβ peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bianca M Lauro
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael S Wolfe
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Kansas School of Pharmacy, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Chhatwal JP, Schultz AP, Dang Y, Ostaszewski B, Liu L, Yang H, Johnson KA, Sperling RA, Selkoe DJ. Plasma levels of an N‐terminal tau fragment are highly associated with future cognitive decline and neurodegeneration in clinically normal elderly. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.045261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeer P. Chhatwal
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Aaron P. Schultz
- Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Yifan Dang
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Beth Ostaszewski
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Lei Liu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | | | - Keith A. Johnson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | | | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
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Stern A, Liu W, Jin M, Walsh DM, Selkoe DJ. Transcriptomic correlates of neurite degeneration due to human brain‐derived Aβ and protection by clinical anti‐Aβ antibodies. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.043057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wen Liu
- Centre for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA USA
| | - Ming Jin
- Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Dominic M. Walsh
- Harvard Medical School/Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA USA
| | - Dennis J. Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
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Liu L, Stern A, Dang Y, Ostaszewski B, Chhatwal JP, Selkoe DJ. Predicting development of AD clinical symptoms and their progression through a collection of novel plasma Aβ immunoassays. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.043670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Andrew Stern
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Yifan Dang
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Beth Ostaszewski
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | | | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
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Chhatwal JP, Schultz AP, Dang Y, Ostaszewski B, Liu L, Yang HS, Johnson KA, Sperling RA, Selkoe DJ. Plasma N-terminal tau fragment levels predict future cognitive decline and neurodegeneration in healthy elderly individuals. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6024. [PMID: 33247134 PMCID: PMC7695712 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19543-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The availability of blood-based assays detecting Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology should greatly accelerate AD therapeutic development and improve clinical care. This is especially true for markers that capture the risk of decline in pre-symptomatic stages of AD, as this would allow one to focus interventions on participants maximally at risk and at a stage prior to widespread synapse loss and neurodegeneration. Here we quantify plasma concentrations of an N-terminal fragment of tau (NT1) in a large, well-characterized cohort of clinically normal elderly who were followed longitudinally. Plasma NT1 levels at study entry (when all participants were unimpaired) were highly predictive of future cognitive decline, pathological tau accumulation, neurodegeneration, and transition to a diagnosis of MCI/AD. These predictive effects were particularly strong in participants with even modestly elevated brain β-amyloid burden at study entry, suggesting plasma NT1 levels capture very early cognitive, pathologic and neurodegenerative changes along the AD trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeer P Chhatwal
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron P Schultz
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yifan Dang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Lei Liu
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hyun-Sik Yang
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith A Johnson
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Ho GPH, Ramalingam N, Imberdis T, Wilkie EC, Dettmer U, Selkoe DJ. Upregulation of Cellular Palmitoylation Mitigates α-Synuclein Accumulation and Neurotoxicity. Mov Disord 2020; 36:348-359. [PMID: 33103814 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD), are characterized by α-synuclein (αS) cytoplasmic inclusions. αS-dependent vesicle-trafficking defects are important in PD pathogenesis, but their mechanisms are not well understood. Protein palmitoylation, post-translational addition of the fatty acid palmitate to cysteines, promotes trafficking by anchoring specific proteins to the vesicle membrane. αS itself cannot be palmitoylated as it lacks cysteines, but it binds to membranes, where palmitoylation occurs, via an amphipathic helix. We hypothesized that abnormal αS membrane-binding impairs trafficking by disrupting palmitoylation. Accordingly, we investigated the therapeutic potential of increasing cellular palmitoylation. OBJECTIVES We asked whether upregulating palmitoylation by inhibiting the depalmitoylase acyl-protein-thioesterase-1 (APT1) ameliorates pathologic αS-mediated cellular phenotypes and sought to identify the mechanism. METHODS Using human neuroblastoma cells, rat neurons, and iPSC-derived PD patient neurons, we examined the effects of pharmacologic and genetic downregulation of APT1 on αS-associated phenotypes. RESULTS APT1 inhibition or knockdown decreased αS cytoplasmic inclusions, reduced αS serine-129 phosphorylation (a PD neuropathological marker), and protected against αS-dependent neurotoxicity. We identified the APT1 substrate microtubule-associated-protein-6 (MAP6), which binds to vesicles in a palmitoylation-dependent manner, as a key mediator of these effects. Mechanistically, we found that pathologic αS accelerated palmitate turnover on MAP6, suggesting that APT1 inhibition corrects a pathological αS-dependent palmitoylation deficit. We confirmed the disease relevance of this mechanism by demonstrating decreased MAP6 palmitoylation in neurons from αS gene triplication patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate a novel link between the fundamental process of palmitoylation and αS pathophysiology. Upregulating palmitoylation represents an unexplored therapeutic strategy for synucleinopathies. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary P H Ho
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nagendran Ramalingam
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thibaut Imberdis
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erin C Wilkie
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Nuber S, Nam AY, Rajsombath MM, Cirka H, Hronowski X, Wang J, Hodgetts K, Kalinichenko LS, Müller CP, Lambrecht V, Winkler J, Weihofen A, Imberdis T, Dettmer U, Fanning S, Selkoe DJ. A Stearoyl-Coenzyme A Desaturase Inhibitor Prevents Multiple Parkinson Disease Phenotypes in α-Synuclein Mice. Ann Neurol 2020; 89:74-90. [PMID: 32996158 PMCID: PMC7756464 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective Parkinson disease (PD) has useful symptomatic treatments that do not slow the neurodegenerative process, and no significant disease‐modifying treatments are approved. A key therapeutic target in PD is α‐synuclein (αS), which is both genetically implicated and accumulates in Lewy bodies rich in vesicles and other lipid membranes. Reestablishing αS homeostasis is a central goal in PD. Based on previous lipidomic analyses, we conducted a mouse trial of a stearoyl–coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) inhibitor (“5b”) that prevented αS‐positive vesicular inclusions and cytotoxicity in cultured human neurons. Methods Oral dosing and brain activity of 5b were established in nontransgenic mice. 5b in drinking water was given to mice expressing wild‐type human αS (WT) or an amplified familial PD αS mutation (E35K + E46K + E61K ["3K"]) beginning near the onset of nigral and cortical neurodegeneration and the robust PD‐like motor syndrome in 3K. Motor phenotypes, brain cytopathology, and SCD‐related lipid changes were quantified in 5b‐ versus placebo‐treated mice. Outcomes were compared to effects of crossing 3K to SCD1−/− mice. Results 5b treatment reduced αS hyperphosphorylation in E46K‐expressing human neurons, in 3K neural cultures, and in both WT and 3K αS mice. 5b prevented subtle gait deficits in WT αS mice and the PD‐like resting tremor and progressive motor decline of 3K αS mice. 5b also increased αS tetramers and reduced proteinase K‐resistant lipid‐rich aggregates. Similar benefits accrued from genetically deleting 1 SCD allele, providing target validation. Interpretation Prolonged reduction of brain SCD activity prevented PD‐like neuropathology in multiple PD models. Thus, an orally available SCD inhibitor potently ameliorates PD phenotypes, positioning this approach to treat human α‐synucleinopathies. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:74–90
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Nuber
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice Y Nam
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molly M Rajsombath
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haley Cirka
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Junmin Wang
- Chemical Biology & Proteomics, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Hodgetts
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery in Neurodegeneration, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liubov S Kalinichenko
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vera Lambrecht
- Division of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Division of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Weihofen
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thibaut Imberdis
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saranna Fanning
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Lauwers E, Lalli G, Brandner S, Collinge J, Compernolle V, Duyckaerts C, Edgren G, Haïk S, Hardy J, Helmy A, Ivinson AJ, Jaunmuktane Z, Jucker M, Knight R, Lemmens R, Lin IC, Love S, Mead S, Perry VH, Pickett J, Poppy G, Radford SE, Rousseau F, Routledge C, Schiavo G, Schymkowitz J, Selkoe DJ, Smith C, Thal DR, Theys T, Tiberghien P, van den Burg P, Vandekerckhove P, Walton C, Zaaijer HL, Zetterberg H, De Strooper B. Potential human transmission of amyloid β pathology: surveillance and risks. Lancet Neurol 2020; 19:872-878. [PMID: 32949547 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30238-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Studies in experimental animals show transmissibility of amyloidogenic proteins associated with prion diseases, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases. Although these data raise potential concerns for public health, convincing evidence for human iatrogenic transmission only exists for prions and amyloid β after systemic injections of contaminated growth hormone extracts or dura mater grafts derived from cadavers. Even though these procedures are now obsolete, some reports raise the possibility of iatrogenic transmission of amyloid β through putatively contaminated neurosurgical equipment. Iatrogenic transmission of amyloid β might lead to amyloid deposition in the brain parenchyma and blood vessel walls, potentially resulting in cerebral amyloid angiopathy after several decades. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy can cause life-threatening brain haemorrhages; yet, there is no proof that the transmission of amyloid β can also lead to Alzheimer's dementia. Large, long-term epidemiological studies and sensitive, cost-efficient tools to detect amyloid are needed to better understand any potential routes of amyloid β transmission and to clarify whether other similar proteopathic seeds, such as tau or α-synuclein, can also be transferred iatrogenically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Lauwers
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giovanna Lalli
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Division of Neuropathology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - John Collinge
- Medical Research Council Prion Unit at UCL, Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, London, UK
| | - Veerle Compernolle
- Blood Services, Belgian Red Cross-Flanders, Mechelen, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charles Duyckaerts
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne University, INSERM, CNRS UMR, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Gustaf Edgren
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stéphane Haïk
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne University, INSERM, CNRS UMR, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Cellule Nationale de Référence des maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - John Hardy
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK; Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Adel Helmy
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adrian J Ivinson
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Zane Jaunmuktane
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Division of Neuropathology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mathias Jucker
- Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Richard Knight
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Research and Surveillance Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robin Lemmens
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - I-Chun Lin
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Seth Love
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Simon Mead
- Medical Research Council Prion Unit at UCL, Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, London, UK
| | - V Hugh Perry
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - James Pickett
- Alzheimer's Society, London, London, UK; Epilepsy Research UK, London, UK
| | - Guy Poppy
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sheena E Radford
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Frederic Rousseau
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Giampietro Schiavo
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK; Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joost Schymkowitz
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Colin Smith
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dietmar R Thal
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Theys
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pierre Tiberghien
- Etablissement Français du Sang, La Plaine St Denis, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche, INSERM, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Peter van den Burg
- European Blood Alliance, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Transfusion Medicine, Sanquin, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Philippe Vandekerckhove
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Blood Services, Belgian Red Cross-Flanders, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Clare Walton
- Alzheimer's Society, London, London, UK; Multiple Sclerosis International Federation, London, UK
| | - Hans L Zaaijer
- Department of Blood-borne Infections, Sanquin, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK.
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45
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Walsh DM, Selkoe DJ. Amyloid β-protein and beyond: the path forward in Alzheimer's disease. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 61:116-124. [PMID: 32197217 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Basic research on the biological mechanism of Alzheimer's disease has focused for decades on the age-related aggregation of the amyloid β-protein and its apparent downstream effects on microglia, astrocytes and neurons, including the posttranslational modification of the tau protein that seems necessary for symptom expression. Here, we discuss the highly challenging process of developing disease-modifying therapies and highlight several key areas of current research that are progressing in exciting directions. We conclude that further deep molecular analyses of the disease, including the mechanisms of β-amyloidosis, will enable more effective clinical trials and ultimately achieve the progress that our patients so deserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic M Walsh
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia Research Unit, Biogen Inc., 115 Broadway, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States.
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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46
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Li S, Selkoe DJ. A mechanistic hypothesis for the impairment of synaptic plasticity by soluble Aβ oligomers from Alzheimer's brain. J Neurochem 2020; 154:583-597. [PMID: 32180217 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It is increasingly accepted that early cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease results in considerable part from synaptic dysfunction caused by the accumulation of a range of oligomeric assemblies of amyloid β-protein (Aβ). Most studies have used synthetic Aβ peptides to explore the mechanisms of memory deficits in rodent models, but recent work suggests that Aβ assemblies isolated from human (AD) brain tissue are far more potent and disease-relevant. Although reductionist experiments show Aβ oligomers to impair synaptic plasticity and neuronal viability, the responsible mechanisms are only partly understood. Glutamatergic receptors, GABAergic receptors, nicotinic receptors, insulin receptors, the cellular prion protein, inflammatory mediators, and diverse signaling pathways have all been suggested. Studies using AD brain-derived soluble Aβ oligomers suggest that only certain bioactive forms (principally small, diffusible oligomers) can disrupt synaptic plasticity, including by binding to plasma membranes and changing excitatory-inhibitory balance, perturbing mGluR, PrP, and other neuronal surface proteins, down-regulating glutamate transporters, causing glutamate spillover, and activating extrasynaptic GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors. We synthesize these emerging data into a mechanistic hypothesis for synaptic failure in Alzheimer's disease that can be modified as new knowledge is added and specific therapeutics are developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Li
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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47
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Mengel D, Liu W, Glynn RJ, Selkoe DJ, Strydom A, Lai F, Rosas HD, Torres A, Patsiogiannis V, Skotko B, Walsh DM. Dynamics of plasma biomarkers in Down syndrome: the relative levels of Aβ42 decrease with age, whereas NT1 tau and NfL increase. Alzheimers Res Ther 2020; 12:27. [PMID: 32192521 PMCID: PMC7081580 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00593-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but diagnosis of AD in DS is challenging due to the intellectual disability which accompanies DS. When disease-modifying agents for AD are approved, reliable biomarkers will be required to identify when and how long people with DS should undergo treatment. Three cardinal neuropathological features characterize AD, and AD in DS—Aβ amyloid plaques, tau neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal loss. Here, we quantified plasma biomarkers of all 3 neuropathological features in a large cohort of people with DS aged from 3 months to 68 years. Our primary aims were (1) to assess changes in the selected plasma biomarkers in DS across age, and (2) to compare biomarkers measured in DS plasma versus age- and sex-matched controls. Methods Using ultra-sensitive single molecule array (Simoa) assays, we measured 3 analytes (Aβ42, NfL, and tau) in plasmas of 100 individuals with DS and 100 age- and sex-matched controls. Tau was measured using an assay (NT1) which detects forms of tau containing at least residues 6–198. The stability of the 3 analytes was established using plasma from ten healthy volunteers collected at 6 intervals over a 5-day period. Results High Aβ42 and NT1 tau and low NfL were observed in infants. Across all ages, Aβ42 levels were higher in DS than controls. Levels of Aβ42 decreased with age in both DS and controls, but this decrease was greater in DS than controls and became prominent in the third decade of life. NT1 tau fell in adolescents and young adults, but increased in older individuals with DS. NfL levels were low in infants, children, adolescents, and young adults, but thereafter increased in DS compared to controls. Conclusions High levels of Aβ42 and tau in both young controls and DS suggest these proteins are produced by normal physiological processes, whereas the changes seen in later life are consistent with emergence of pathological alterations. These plasma biomarker results are in good agreement with prior neuropathology studies and indicate that the third and fourth decades (i.e., 20 to 40 years of age) of life are pivotal periods during which AD processes manifest in DS. Application of the assays used here to longitudinal studies of individuals with DS aged 20 to 50 years of age should further validate the use of these biomarkers, and in time may allow identification and monitoring of people with DS best suited for treatment with AD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mengel
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Wen Liu
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Robert J Glynn
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Andre Strydom
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Florence Lai
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and McLean Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Diana Rosas
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and McLean Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Amy Torres
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vasiliki Patsiogiannis
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Skotko
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dominic M Walsh
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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48
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Brinkmalm G, Hong W, Wang Z, Liu W, O'Malley TT, Sun X, Frosch MP, Selkoe DJ, Portelius E, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Walsh DM. Identification of neurotoxic cross-linked amyloid-β dimers in the Alzheimer's brain. Brain 2020; 142:1441-1457. [PMID: 31032851 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary structure of canonical amyloid-β-protein was elucidated more than 30 years ago, yet the forms of amyloid-β that play a role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis remain poorly defined. Studies of Alzheimer's disease brain extracts suggest that amyloid-β, which migrates on sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a molecular weight of ∼7 kDa (7kDa-Aβ), is particularly toxic; however, the nature of this species has been controversial. Using sophisticated mass spectrometry and sensitive assays of disease-relevant toxicity we show that brain-derived bioactive 7kDa-Aβ contains a heterogeneous mixture of covalently cross-linked dimers in the absence of any other detectable proteins. The identification of amyloid-β dimers may open a new phase of Alzheimer's research and allow a better understanding of Alzheimer's disease, and how to monitor and treat this devastating disorder. Future studies investigating the bioactivity of individual dimers cross-linked at known sites will be critical to this effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Wei Hong
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zemin Wang
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wen Liu
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tiernan T O'Malley
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xin Sun
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- Massachusetts General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erik Portelius
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Dominic M Walsh
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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49
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Sanderson JB, De S, Jiang H, Rovere M, Jin M, Zaccagnini L, Hays Watson A, De Boni L, Lagomarsino VN, Young-Pearse TL, Liu X, Pochapsky TC, Hyman BT, Dickson DW, Klenerman D, Selkoe DJ, Bartels T. Analysis of α-synuclein species enriched from cerebral cortex of humans with sporadic dementia with Lewy bodies. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa010. [PMID: 32280944 PMCID: PMC7130446 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since researchers identified α-synuclein as the principal component of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, studies have suggested that it plays a causative role in the pathogenesis of dementia with Lewy bodies and other ‘synucleinopathies’. While α-synuclein dyshomeostasis likely contributes to the neurodegeneration associated with the synucleinopathies, few direct biochemical analyses of α-synuclein from diseased human brain tissue currently exist. In this study, we analysed sequential protein extracts from a substantial number of patients with neuropathological diagnoses of dementia with Lewy bodies and corresponding controls, detecting a shift of cytosolic and membrane-bound physiological α-synuclein to highly aggregated forms. We then fractionated aqueous extracts (cytosol) from cerebral cortex using non-denaturing methods to search for soluble, disease-associated high molecular weight species potentially associated with toxicity. We applied these fractions and corresponding insoluble fractions containing Lewy-type aggregates to several reporter assays to determine their bioactivity and cytotoxicity. Ultimately, high molecular weight cytosolic fractions enhances phospholipid membrane permeability, while insoluble, Lewy-associated fractions induced morphological changes in the neurites of human stem cell-derived neurons. While the concentrations of soluble, high molecular weight α-synuclein were only slightly elevated in brains of dementia with Lewy bodies patients compared to healthy, age-matched controls, these observations suggest that a small subset of soluble α-synuclein aggregates in the brain may drive early pathogenic effects, while Lewy body-associated α-synuclein can drive neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Sanderson
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Suman De
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matteo Rovere
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ming Jin
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ludovica Zaccagnini
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Neurology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Aurelia Hays Watson
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Neurology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Laura De Boni
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Neurology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Valentina N Lagomarsino
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tracy L Young-Pearse
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Rosenstiel Institute for Basic Biomedical Research, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Thomas C Pochapsky
- Department of Chemistry, Rosenstiel Institute for Basic Biomedical Research, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Neuropathology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - David Klenerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tim Bartels
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Neurology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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50
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Cha DJ, Mengel D, Mustapic M, Liu W, Selkoe DJ, Kapogiannis D, Galasko D, Rissman RA, Bennett DA, Walsh DM. miR-212 and miR-132 Are Downregulated in Neurally Derived Plasma Exosomes of Alzheimer's Patients. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1208. [PMID: 31849573 PMCID: PMC6902042 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It was recently discovered that brain cells release extracellular vesicles (EV) which can pass from brain into blood. These findings raise the possibility that brain-derived EV’s present in blood can be used to monitor disease processes occurring in the cerebrum. Since the levels of certain micro-RNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be altered in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain, we sought to assess miRNA dysregulation in AD brain tissue and to determine if these changes were reflected in neural EVs isolated from blood of subjects with AD. To this end, we employed high-content miRNA arrays to search for differences in miRNAs in RNA pools from brain tissue of AD (n = 5), high pathological control (HPC) (n = 5), or cognitively intact pathology-free controls (n = 5). Twelve miRNAs were altered by >1.5-fold in AD compared to controls, and six of these were also changed compared to HPCs. Analysis of hits in brain extracts from 11 AD, 7 HPCs and 9 controls revealed a similar fold difference in these six miRNAs, with three showing statistically significant group differences and one with a strong trend toward group differences. Thereafter, we focused on the four miRNAs that showed group differences and measured their content in neurally derived blood EVs isolated from 63 subjects: 16 patients with early stage dementia and a CSF Aβ42+ tau profile consistent with AD, 16 individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and an AD CSF profile, and 31 cognitively intact controls with normal CSF Aβ42+ tau levels. ROC analysis indicated that measurement of miR-132-3p in neurally-derived plasma EVs showed good sensitivity and specificity to diagnose AD, but did not effectively separate individuals with AD-MCI from controls. Moreover, when we measured the levels of a related miRNA, miR-212, we found that this miRNA was also decreased in neural EVs from AD patients compared to controls. Our results suggest that measurement of miR-132 and miR-212 in neural EVs should be further investigated as a diagnostic aid for AD and as a potential theragnostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana J Cha
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David Mengel
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maja Mustapic
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Wen Liu
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Douglas Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Robert A Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Dominic M Walsh
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia Research Unit, Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
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