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Caudell MA, Castillo C, Santos LF, Grajeda L, Romero JC, Lopez MR, Omulo S, Ning MF, Palmer GH, Call DR, Cordon-Rosales C, Smith RM, Herzig CT, Styczynski A, Ramay BM. Risk factors for colonization with extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales among hospitalized patients in Guatemala: An Antibiotic Resistance in Communities and Hospitals (ARCH) study. IJID Reg 2024; 11:100361. [PMID: 38634070 PMCID: PMC11021947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Objectives The spread of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCrE) and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) has resulted in increased morbidity, mortality, and health care costs worldwide. To identify the factors associated with ESCrE and CRE colonization within hospitals, we enrolled hospitalized patients at a regional hospital located in Guatemala. Methods Stool samples were collected from randomly selected patients using a cross-sectional study design (March-September, 2021), and samples were tested for the presence of ESCrE and CRE. Hospital-based and household variables were examined for associations with ESCrE and CRE colonization using lasso regression models, clustered by ward (n = 21). Results A total of 641 patients were enrolled, of whom complete data sets were available for 593. Colonization with ESCrE (72.3%, n = 429/593) was negatively associated with carbapenem administration (odds ratio [OR] 0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.11-0.42) and positively associated with ceftriaxone administration (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.02-2.53), as was reported hospital admission within 30 days of the current hospitalization (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.19-6.80). Colonization with CRE (34.6%, n = 205 of 593) was associated with carbapenem administration (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.39-4.97), reported previous hospital admission within 30 days of current hospitalization (OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.17-5.72), hospitalization in wards with more patients (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02-1.08), hospitalization for ≥4 days (OR 3.07, 95% CI 1.72-5.46), and intubation (OR 2.51, 95% CI 1.13-5.59). No household-based variables were associated with ESCrE or CRE colonization in hospitalized patients. Conclusion The hospital-based risk factors identified in this study are similar to what has been reported for risk of health care-associated infections, consistent with colonization being driven by hospital settings rather than community factors. This also suggests that colonization with ESCrE and CRE could be a useful metric to evaluate the efficacy of infection and prevention control programs in clinics and hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Caudell
- Washington State University, Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Pullman, USA
| | - Carmen Castillo
- Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Center for Health Studies, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Lucas F. Santos
- Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Center for Health Studies, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Laura Grajeda
- Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Center for Health Studies, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Juan Carlos Romero
- Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Center for Health Studies, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Maria Renee Lopez
- Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Center for Health Studies, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Sylvia Omulo
- Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Center for Health Studies, Guatemala City, Guatemala
- Washington State University, Global Health-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mariangeli Freitas Ning
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Guatemala City, Central America Regional Office, Guatemala
| | - Guy H. Palmer
- Washington State University, Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Pullman, USA
| | - Douglas R. Call
- Washington State University, Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Pullman, USA
| | - Celia Cordon-Rosales
- Washington State University, Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Pullman, USA
- Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Center for Health Studies, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Rachel M. Smith
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Atlanta, USA
| | - Carolyn T.A. Herzig
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Atlanta, USA
| | - Ashley Styczynski
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Atlanta, USA
| | - Brooke M. Ramay
- Washington State University, Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Pullman, USA
- Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Center for Health Studies, Guatemala City, Guatemala
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Jackson KC, Clancey E, Call DR, Lofgren E. 3D Printers in Hospitals: Bacterial Contamination of Common and Antimicrobial 3D-Printed Material. bioRxiv 2024:2024.03.30.587440. [PMID: 38585826 PMCID: PMC10996589 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.30.587440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 has presented hospitals with unique challenges. A SHEA Research Network survey showed that 40% reported "limited" or worse levels of personal protective equipment (PPE), and 13% were self-producing PPE to address those deficits, including 3D-printed items. However, we do not know how efficiently, if at all, 3D-printed materials can be disinfected. Additionally, two filaments, PLACTIVE and BIOGUARD, claim to be antimicrobial; they use copper nanocomposites and silver ions to reduce bacterial populations. We assess how PLACTIVE and BIOGUARD may be contaminated and how well they reduce contamination, and how readily Polylactic Acid (PLA), a standard 3D-printed material, may be disinfected. 3D-printed materials, including PLACTIVE and BIOGUARD, are readily contaminated with bacteria that are common in hospitals and can sustain that contamination. Our findings reveal that the levels of contamination on PLACTIVE and BIOGUARD can vary under specific conditions such as layer height or bacterial contact time, sometimes surpassing or falling short of PLA. However, disinfected disks had lower overall CFU averages than those that were not, but the level of disinfection was variable, and bacterial populations recovered hours after disinfection application. Proper disinfection and using appropriate 3D-printed materials are essential to limit bacterial contamination. 3D printers and their products can be invaluable for hospitals, especially when supplies are low, and healthcare worker safety is paramount. Environmental services should be made aware of the presence of antimicrobial 3D-printed materials, and patients should be discouraged from printing their own items for use in hospital environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelin C. Jackson
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health; Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Erin Clancey
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health; Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Douglas R. Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health; Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Eric Lofgren
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health; Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Knupp C, Soto E, Call DR, Loch TP. Persistence of heterologous Flavobacterium psychrophilum genetic variants in microcosms simulating fish farm and hatchery environments. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16581. [PMID: 38195078 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of bacterial coldwater disease, causes substantial economic losses in salmonid farms and hatcheries. Some multilocus sequence types (ST) of F. psychrophilum are more likely to be associated with fish farms and hatcheries, but it is unclear if these patterns of association represent genetic lineages that are more adapted to aquaculture environments. Towards elucidating the disease ecology of F. psychrophilum, the culturability of 10 distinct F. psychrophilum STs was evaluated for 13 weeks in three microcosms including sterilized well water, sterilized well water with commercial trout feed, or sterilized well water with raceway detritus. All STs remained culturable in each of the microcosms for at least 8 weeks, with bacterial concentrations often highest in the presence of raceway detritus. In addition, most (e.g., 90%) STs remained culturable for at least 13-weeks. Significant differences in log10 cfus were observed among STs, both within and between microcosms, suggesting potential variability in environmental persistence capacity among specific variants. Collectively, results highlight the ability of F. psychrophilum to not only persist for weeks under nutrient-limited conditions but also thrive in the presence of organic substrates common in fish farms and hatchery-rearing units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Knupp
- Michigan State University - Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Esteban Soto
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Douglas R Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Thomas P Loch
- Michigan State University - Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Rojop N, Moreno P, Grajeda L, Romero J, Reynoso L, Muñoz E, Palmer GH, Cordón-Rosales C, Call DR, Ramay BM. Informal sale of antibiotics in Guatemalan convenience stores before and after implementation of federal antibiotic dispensing legislation. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 25:11. [PMID: 38273410 PMCID: PMC10809560 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-023-00720-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Convenience stores in Guatemala provide essential consumer goods in communities, but many dispense antibiotics illegally. Federal legislation, passed in August of 2019, requires prescriptions for antibiotic purchase at pharmacies but it is unclear if this legislation is enforced or if it has any impact on unlawful sales of antibiotics. METHODS To determine if antibiotic availability changed in convenience stores, we carried out a repeated measures study collecting antibiotic availability data before and after implementation of the dispensing regulation. RESULTS There was no statistical difference in the proportion of convenience stores that sold antibiotics before and after antibiotic regulations [66.6% (295/443) and 66.7% (323/484), respectively, P>0.96], nor in the number of stores selling amoxicillin [55.5% (246/443) and 52.3% (253/484), respectively, P>0.96], but fewer stores (20%) sold tetracycline capsules after regulation was passed (P<0.05). For stores visited both before and after passage of legislation (n=157), 15% stopped selling antibiotics while 25% started selling antibiotics. Antibiotics from convenience stores were reportedly sold for use in people and animals. CONCLUSIONS Antibiotics remain widely available in convenience stores consistent with no significant change in the informal sector after implementation of prescription requirements for pharmacies. Importantly, effects from regulatory change could have been masked by potential changes in antibiotic use during the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rojop
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - P Moreno
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - L Grajeda
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - J Romero
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - L Reynoso
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - E Muñoz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - G H Palmer
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - C Cordón-Rosales
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - D R Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - B M Ramay
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America.
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Zhang C, Liu M, Wu Y, Li X, Zhang C, Call DR, Liu M, Zhao Z. ArcB orchestrates the quorum-sensing system to regulate type III secretion system 1 in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2281016. [PMID: 37982663 PMCID: PMC10841015 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2281016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In many Vibrio species, virulence is regulated by quorum sensing, which is regulated by a complex, multichannel, two-component phosphorelay circuit. Through this circuit, sensor kinases transmit sensory information to the phosphotransferase LuxU via a phosphotransfer mechanism, which in turn transmits the signal to the response regulator LuxO. For Vibrio parahaemolyticus, type III secretion system 1 (T3SS1) is required for cytotoxicity, but it is unclear how quorum sensing regulates T3SS1 expression. Herein, we report that a hybrid histidine kinase, ArcB, instead of LuxU, and sensor kinase LuxQ and response regulator LuxO, collectively orchestrate T3SS1 expression in V. parahaemolyticus. Under high oxygen conditions, LuxQ can interact with ArcB directly and phosphorylates the Hpt domain of ArcB. The Hpt domain of ArcB phosphorylates the downstream response regulator LuxO instead of ArcA. LuxO then activates transcription of the T3SS1 gene cluster. Under hypoxic conditions, ArcB autophosphorylates and phosphorylates ArcA, whereas ArcA does not participate in regulating the expression of T3SS1. Our data provides evidence of an alternative regulatory path involving the quorum sensing phosphorelay and adds another layer of understanding about the environmental regulation of gene expression in V. parahaemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Liu
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xixi Li
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Douglas R. Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
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Huang J, Dai X, Wu Z, Hu X, Sun J, Tang Y, Zhang W, Han P, Zhao J, Liu G, Wang X, Mao S, Wang Y, Call DR, Liu J, Wang L. Conjugative transfer of streptococcal prophages harboring antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. ISME J 2023; 17:1467-1481. [PMID: 37369704 PMCID: PMC10432423 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01463-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Prophages play important roles in the transduction of various functional traits, including virulence factors, but remain debatable in harboring and transmitting antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Herein we characterize a prevalent family of prophages in Streptococcus, designated SMphages, which harbor twenty-five ARGs that collectively confer resistance to ten antimicrobial classes, including vanG-type vancomycin resistance locus and oxazolidinone resistance gene optrA. SMphages integrate into four chromosome attachment sites by utilizing three types of integration modules and undergo excision in response to phage induction. Moreover, we characterize four subtypes of Alp-related surface proteins within SMphages, the lethal effects of which are extensively validated in cell and animal models. SMphages transfer via high-frequency conjugation that is facilitated by integrative and conjugative elements from either donors or recipients. Our findings explain the widespread of SMphages and the rapid dissemination of ARGs observed in members of the Streptococcus genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhu Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xingyang Dai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zuowei Wu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Junjie Sun
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yijun Tang
- Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wanqiu Zhang
- Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Peizhao Han
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guangjin Liu
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shengyong Mao
- Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Douglas R Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Jinxin Liu
- Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Liping Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Omulo S, Ita T, Mugoh R, Ayodo C, Luvsansharav U, Bollinger S, Styczynski A, Ramay BM, Caudell MA, Palmer GH, Kariuki S, Call DR, Smith RM. Risk Factors for Colonization With Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant and Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Among Hospitalized Patients in Kenya: An Antibiotic Resistance in Communities and Hospitals (ARCH) Study. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:S97-S103. [PMID: 37406042 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spread of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCrE) and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) represents a significant global public health threat. We identified putative risk factors for ESCrE and CRE colonization among patients in 1 urban and 3 rural hospitals in Kenya. METHODS During a January 2019 and March 2020 cross-sectional study, stool samples were collected from randomized inpatients and tested for ESCrE and CRE. The Vitek2 instrument was used for isolate confirmation and antibiotic susceptibility testing, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression models were used to identify colonization risk factors while varying antibiotic use measures. RESULTS Most (76%) of the 840 enrolled participants received ≥1 antibiotic in the 14 days preceding their enrollment, primarily ceftriaxone (46%), metronidazole (28%), or benzylpenicillin-gentamycin (23%). For LASSO models that included ceftriaxone administration, ESCrE colonization odds were higher among patients hospitalized for ≥3 days (odds ratio, 2.32 [95% confidence interval, 1.6-3.37]; P < .001), intubated patients (1.73 [1.03-2.91]; P = .009), and persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (1.70 [1.03-2.8]; P = .029). CRE colonization odds were higher among patients receiving ceftriaxone (odds ratio, 2.23 [95% confidence interval, 1.14-4.38]; P = .025) and for every additional day of antibiotic use (1.08 [1.03-1.13]; P = .002). CONCLUSIONS While CRE colonization was strongly associated with ceftriaxone use and duration of antibiotic use, the odds of ESCrE colonization increased with exposure to the hospital setting and invasive medical devices, which may reflect nosocomial transmission. These data suggest several areas where hospitals can intervene to prevent colonization among hospitalized patients, both through robust infection prevention and control practices and antibiotic stewardship programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Omulo
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
- Washington State University Global Health-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
- University of Nairobi Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Teresa Ita
- Washington State University Global Health-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Robert Mugoh
- Washington State University Global Health-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Charchil Ayodo
- Washington State University Global Health-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ulzii Luvsansharav
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Susan Bollinger
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ashley Styczynski
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Brooke M Ramay
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Mark A Caudell
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Guy H Palmer
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
- Washington State University Global Health-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
- University of Nairobi Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Douglas R Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Rachel M Smith
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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8
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Ramay BM, Castillo C, Grajeda L, Santos LF, Romero JC, Lopez MR, Gomez A, Caudell M, Smith RM, Styczynski A, Herzig CTA, Bollinger S, Ning MF, Horton J, Omulo S, Palmer GH, Cordon-Rosales C, Call DR. Colonization With Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in a Hospital and Associated Communities in Guatemala: An Antibiotic Resistance in Communities and Hospitals (ARCH) Study. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:S82-S88. [PMID: 37406049 PMCID: PMC10321699 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We estimated the prevalence of colonization with extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCrE) and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) from a hospital and associated communities in western Guatemala. METHODS Randomly selected infants, children, and adults (<1, 1-17, and ≥18 years, respectively) were enrolled from the hospital (n = 641) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, March to September 2021. Community participants were enrolled using a 3-stage cluster design between November 2019 and March 2020 (phase 1, n = 381) and between July 2020 and May 2021 (phase 2, with COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, n = 538). Stool samples were streaked onto selective chromogenic agar, and a Vitek 2 instrument was used to verify ESCrE or CRE classification. Prevalence estimates were weighted to account for sampling design. RESULTS The prevalence of colonization with ESCrE and CRE was higher among hospital patients compared to community participants (ESCrE: 67% vs 46%, P < .01; CRE: 37% vs 1%, P < .01). Hospital ESCrE colonization was higher for adults (72%) compared with children (65%) and infants (60%) (P < .05). Colonization was higher for adults (50%) than children (40%) in the community (P < .05). There was no difference in ESCrE colonization between phase 1 and 2 (45% and 47%, respectively, P > .05), although reported use of antibiotics among households declined (23% and 7%, respectively, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS While hospitals remain foci for ESCrE and CRE colonization, consistent with the need for infection control programs, community prevalence of ESCrE in this study was high, potentially adding to colonization pressure and transmission in healthcare settings. Better understanding of transmission dynamics and age-related factors is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke M Ramay
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala Department, Republic of Guatemala
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Carmen Castillo
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala Department, Republic of Guatemala
| | - Laura Grajeda
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala Department, Republic of Guatemala
| | - Lucas F Santos
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala Department, Republic of Guatemala
| | - Juan Carlos Romero
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala Department, Republic of Guatemala
| | - Maria Renee Lopez
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala Department, Republic of Guatemala
| | - Andrea Gomez
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala Department, Republic of Guatemala
| | - Mark Caudell
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Rachel M Smith
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ashley Styczynski
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Carolyn T A Herzig
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Susan Bollinger
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mariangeli Freitas Ning
- Central America Regional Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Guatemala City, Guatemala Department, Republic of Guatemala
| | - Jennifer Horton
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Sylvia Omulo
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
- Washington State University Global Health–Kenya, Nairobi, Nairobi County, Kenya
| | - Guy H Palmer
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Celia Cordon-Rosales
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala Department, Republic of Guatemala
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Douglas R Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Caudell MA, Ayodo C, Ita T, Smith RM, Luvsansharav UO, Styczynski AR, Ramay BM, Kariuki S, Palmer GH, Call DR, Omulo S. Risk Factors for Colonization With Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Urban and Rural Communities in Kenya: An Antimicrobial Resistance in Communities and Hospitals (ARCH) Study. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:S104-S110. [PMID: 37406050 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colonization with antimicrobial-resistant bacteria increases the risk of drug-resistant infections. We identified risk factors potentially associated with human colonization with extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCrE) in low-income urban and rural communities in Kenya. METHODS Fecal specimens, demographic and socioeconomic data were collected cross-sectionally from clustered random samples of respondents in urban (Kibera, Nairobi County) and rural (Asembo, Siaya County) communities between January 2019 and March 2020. Presumptive ESCrE isolates were confirmed and tested for antibiotic susceptibility using the VITEK2 instrument. We used a path analytic model to identify potential risk factors for colonization with ESCrE. Only 1 participant was included per household to minimize household cluster effects. RESULTS Stool samples from 1148 adults (aged ≥18 years) and 268 children (aged <5 years) were analyzed. The likelihood of colonization increased by 12% with increasing visits to hospitals and clinics. Furthermore, individuals who kept poultry were 57% more likely to be colonized with ESCrE than those who did not. Respondents' sex, age, use of improved toilet facilities, and residence in a rural or urban community were associated with healthcare contact patterns and/or poultry keeping and may indirectly affect ESCrE colonization. Prior antibiotic use was not significantly associated with ESCrE colonization in our analysis. CONCLUSIONS The risk factors associated with ESCrE colonization in communities include healthcare- and community-related factors, indicating that efforts to control antimicrobial resistance in community settings must include community- and hospital-level interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Caudell
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Charchil Ayodo
- Washington State University Global Health-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Teresa Ita
- Washington State University Global Health-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rachel M Smith
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ulzii-Orshikh Luvsansharav
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ashley R Styczynski
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Brooke M Ramay
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | | | - Guy H Palmer
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
- Washington State University Global Health-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
- University of Nairobi Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Douglas R Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Sylvia Omulo
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
- Washington State University Global Health-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
- University of Nairobi Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Nairobi, Kenya
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10
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Omulo S, Mugoh M, Obiya J, Alando M, Call DR. Estimating the population-level prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant enteric bacteria from latrine samples. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2022; 11:106. [PMID: 35987780 PMCID: PMC9392229 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-022-01145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Logistical and economic barriers hamper community-level surveillance for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in low-income countries. Latrines are commonly used in these settings and offer a low-cost source of surveillance samples. It is unclear, however, whether antimicrobial resistance prevalence estimates from latrine samples reflect estimates generated from randomly sampled people.
Methods
We compared the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant enteric bacteria from stool samples of people residing in randomly selected households within Kibera—an informal urban settlement in Kenya—to estimates from latrine samples within the same community. Fecal samples were collected between November 2015 and Jan 2016. Presumptive Escherichia coli isolates were collected from each household stool sample (n = 24) and each latrine sample (n = 48), resulting in 8935 and 8210 isolates, respectively. Isolates were tested for resistance to nine antibiotics using the replica-plating technique. Correlation- and Kolmogorov–Smirnov (K–S) tests were used to compare results.
Results
Overall, the prevalence values obtained from latrine samples closely reflected those from stool samples, particularly for low-prevalence (< 15%) resistance phenotypes. Similarly, the distribution of resistance phenotypes was similar between latrine and household samples (r > 0.6; K–S p-values > 0.05).
Conclusions
Although latrine samples did not perfectly estimate household antimicrobial resistance prevalence, they were highly correlated and thus could be employed as low-cost samples to monitor trends in antimicrobial resistance, detect the emergence of new resistance phenotypes and assess the impact of community interventions.
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11
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Omulo S, Oluka M, Achieng L, Osoro E, Kinuthia R, Guantai A, Opanga SA, Ongayo M, Ndegwa L, Verani JR, Wesangula E, Nyakiba J, Makori J, Sugut W, Kwobah C, Osuka H, Njenga MK, Call DR, Palmer GH, VanderEnde D, Luvsansharav UO. Point-prevalence survey of antibiotic use at three public referral hospitals in Kenya. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270048. [PMID: 35709220 PMCID: PMC9202938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial stewardship encourages appropriate antibiotic use, the specific activities of which will vary by institutional context. We investigated regional variation in antibiotic use by surveying three regional public hospitals in Kenya. Hospital-level data for antimicrobial stewardship activities, infection prevention and control, and laboratory diagnostic capacities were collected from hospital administrators, heads of infection prevention and control units, and laboratory directors, respectively. Patient-level antibiotic use data were abstracted from medical records using a modified World Health Organization point-prevalence survey form. Altogether, 1,071 consenting patients were surveyed at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH, n = 579), Coast Provincial General Hospital (CPGH, n = 229) and Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH, n = 263). The majority (67%, 722/1071) were ≥18 years and 53% (563/1071) were female. Forty-six percent (46%, 489/1071) were receiving at least one antibiotic. Antibiotic use was higher among children <5 years (70%, 150/224) than among other age groups (40%, 339/847; P < 0.001). Critical care (82%, 14/17 patients) and pediatric wards (59%, 155/265) had the highest proportion of antibiotic users. Amoxicillin/clavulanate was the most frequently used antibiotic at KNH (17%, 64/383 antibiotic doses), and ceftriaxone was most used at CPGH (29%, 55/189) and MTRH (31%, 57/184). Forty-three percent (326/756) of all antibiotic prescriptions had at least one missed dose recorded. Forty-six percent (204/489) of patients on antibiotics had a specific infectious disease diagnosis, of which 18% (37/204) had soft-tissue infections, 17% (35/204) had clinical sepsis, 15% (31/204) had pneumonia, 13% (27/204) had central nervous system infections and 10% (20/204) had obstetric or gynecological infections. Of these, 27% (56/204) had bacterial culture tests ordered, with culture results available for 68% (38/56) of tests. Missed antibiotic doses, low use of specimen cultures to guide therapy, high rates of antibiotic use, particularly in the pediatric and surgical population, and preference for broad-spectrum antibiotics suggest antibiotic use in these tertiary care hospitals is not optimal. Antimicrobial stewardship programs, policies, and guidelines should be tailored to address these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Omulo
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
- Washington State University Global Health-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
- University of Nairobi Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Margaret Oluka
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Loice Achieng
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Eric Osoro
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
- Washington State University Global Health-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Anastasia Guantai
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sylvia Adisa Opanga
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Linus Ndegwa
- Division of Global Health Protection, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jennifer R Verani
- Division of Global Health Protection, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Eveline Wesangula
- Patient and Health Workers Safety Unit, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jarred Nyakiba
- Patient and Health Workers Safety Unit, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jones Makori
- Coast Provincial General Hospital, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Wilson Sugut
- Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Charles Kwobah
- Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
- Department of Medicine, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Hanako Osuka
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - M Kariuki Njenga
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
- Washington State University Global Health-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Douglas R Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Guy H Palmer
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
- Washington State University Global Health-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Daniel VanderEnde
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Ulzii-Orshikh Luvsansharav
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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Ahmadvand P, Avillan JJ, Lewis JA, Call DR, Kang C. Characterization of Interactions between CTX-M-15 and Clavulanic Acid, Desfuroylceftiofur, Ceftiofur, Ampicillin, and Nitrocefin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095229. [PMID: 35563620 PMCID: PMC9100253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cefotaximase-Munich (CTX-M) extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are commonly associated with Gram-negative, hospital-acquired infections worldwide. Several beta-lactamase inhibitors, such as clavulanate, are used to inhibit the activity of these enzymes. To understand the mechanism of CTX-M-15 activity, we have determined the crystal structures of CTX-M-15 in complex with two specific classes of beta-lactam compounds, desfuroylceftiofur (DFC) and ampicillin, and an inhibitor, clavulanic acid. The crystal structures revealed that Ser70 and five other residues (Lys73, Tyr105, Glu166, Ser130, and Ser237) participate in catalysis and binding of those compounds. Based on analysis of steady-state kinetics, thermodynamic data, and molecular docking to both wild-type and S70A mutant structures, we determined that CTX-M-15 has a similar affinity for all beta-lactam compounds (ceftiofur, nitrocefin, DFC, and ampicillin), but with lower affinity for clavulanic acid. A catalytic mechanism for tested β-lactams and two-step inhibition mechanism of clavulanic acid were proposed. CTX-M-15 showed a higher activity toward DFC and nitrocefin, but significantly lower activity toward ampicillin and ceftiofur. The interaction between CTX-M-15 and both ampicillin and ceftiofur displayed a higher entropic but lower enthalpic effect, compared with DFC and nitrocefin. DFC, a metabolite of ceftiofur, displayed lower entropy and higher enthalpy than ceftiofur. This finding suggests that compounds containing amine moiety (e.g., ampicillin) and the furfural moiety (e.g., ceftiofur) could hinder the hydrolytic activity of CTX-M-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Ahmadvand
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (P.A.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Johannetsy J. Avillan
- Paul G Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (J.J.A.); (D.R.C.)
| | - Jacob A. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (P.A.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Douglas R. Call
- Paul G Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (J.J.A.); (D.R.C.)
| | - ChulHee Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (P.A.); (J.A.L.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Tibbits G, Mohamed A, Call DR, Beyenal H. Rapid differentiation of antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant bacteria through mediated extracellular electron transfer. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 197:113754. [PMID: 34773749 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Conventional methods for testing antibiotic susceptibility rely on bacterial growth on agar plates (diffusion assays) or in liquid culture (microdilution assays). These time-consuming assays use population growth as a proxy for cellular respiration. Herein we propose to use mediated extracellular electron transfer as a rapid and direct method to classify antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant bacteria. We tested antibiotics with diverse mechanisms of action (ciprofloxacin, imipenem, oxacillin, or tobramycin) with four important nosocomial pathogens (Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae) by adding the bacterial culture to a custom-designed electrochemical cell with a glassy-carbon electrode and growth media supplemented with a soluble electron transfer mediator, phenazine methosulfate (PMS). During cell respiration, liberated electrons reduce PMS, which is then oxidized on the electrode surface, and current is recorded. Using this novel approach, we were able to consistently classify strains as antibiotic-resistant or -susceptible in <90 min for methodology development and <150 min for blinded tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen Tibbits
- The Gene and Linda Voil and School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Abdelrhman Mohamed
- The Gene and Linda Voil and School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Douglas R Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Haluk Beyenal
- The Gene and Linda Voil and School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
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14
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Smith RM, Lautenbach E, Omulo S, Araos R, Call DR, Kumar GCP, Chowdhury F, McDonald CL, Park BJ. Human Colonization With Multidrug-Resistant Organisms: Getting to the Bottom of Antibiotic Resistance. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab531. [PMID: 34805441 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Smith
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ebbing Lautenbach
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sylvia Omulo
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Rafael Araos
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Douglas R Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | - Benjamin J Park
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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15
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Nero LA, Andretta M, Almeida TT, Ferreira LR, Camargo AC, Yamatogi RS, Carvalho AF, Call DR. Lactic microbiota of the minas artisanal cheese produced in the serro region, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Sharma A, Luvsansharav UO, Paul P, Lutgring JD, Call DR, Omulo S, Laserson K, Araos R, Munita JM, Verani J, Chowdhury F, Muneer SME, Espinosa-Bode A, Ramay B, Cordon-Rosales C, Kumar CPG, Bhatnagar T, Gupta N, Park B, Smith RM. Multi-country cross-sectional study of colonization with multidrug-resistant organisms: protocol and methods for the Antibiotic Resistance in Communities and Hospitals (ARCH) studies. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1412. [PMID: 34271883 PMCID: PMC8285890 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11451-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance is a global health emergency. Persons colonized with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are at risk for developing subsequent multidrug-resistant infections, as colonization represents an important precursor to invasive infection. Despite reports documenting the worldwide dissemination of MDROs, fundamental questions remain regarding the burden of resistance, metrics to measure prevalence, and determinants of spread. We describe a multi-site colonization survey protocol that aims to quantify the population-based prevalence and associated risk factors for colonization with high-threat MDROs among community dwelling participants and patients admitted to hospitals within a defined population-catchment area. METHODS Researchers in five countries (Bangladesh, Chile, Guatemala, Kenya, and India) will conduct a cross-sectional, population-based prevalence survey consisting of a risk factor questionnaire and collection of specimens to evaluate colonization with three high-threat MDROs: extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (ESCrE), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Healthy adults residing in a household within the sampling area will be enrolled in addition to eligible hospitalized adults. Colonizing isolates of these MDROs will be compared by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to routinely collected invasive clinical isolates, where available, to determine potential pathogenicity. A colonizing MDRO isolate will be categorized as potentially pathogenic if the MLST pattern of the colonizing isolate matches the MLST pattern of an invasive clinical isolate. The outcomes of this study will be estimates of the population-based prevalence of colonization with ESCrE, CRE, and MRSA; determination of the proportion of colonizing ESCrE, CRE, and MRSA with pathogenic characteristics based on MLST; identification of factors independently associated with ESCrE, CRE, and MRSA colonization; and creation an archive of ESCrE, CRE, and MRSA isolates for future study. DISCUSSION This is the first study to use a common protocol to evaluate population-based prevalence and risk factors associated with MDRO colonization among community-dwelling and hospitalized adults in multiple countries with diverse epidemiological conditions, including low- and middle-income settings. The results will be used to better describe the global epidemiology of MDROs and guide the development of mitigation strategies in both community and healthcare settings. These standardized baseline surveys can also inform future studies seeking to further characterize MDRO epidemiology globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Sharma
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of the Director, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, MS H16-2, Atlanta, GA, 30029, USA
| | - Ulzii-Orishikh Luvsansharav
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of the Director, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, MS H16-2, Atlanta, GA, 30029, USA
| | - Prabasaj Paul
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of the Director, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, MS H16-2, Atlanta, GA, 30029, USA
| | - Joseph D Lutgring
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of the Director, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, MS H16-2, Atlanta, GA, 30029, USA
| | - Douglas R Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, 240 SE Ott Road, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Sylvia Omulo
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, 240 SE Ott Road, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Kayla Laserson
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of the Director, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, MS H16-2, Atlanta, GA, 30029, USA
| | - Rafael Araos
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. Las Condes, 12461, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Av. Las Condes, 12461, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jose M Munita
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. Las Condes, 12461, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Av. Las Condes, 12461, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jennifer Verani
- Division of Global Health Protection, KEMRI Complex, Kenya Office, Mbagathi road off Mbagathi Way, PO Box 606-00621, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | - Andres Espinosa-Bode
- Division of Global Health Protection, Central America Region Office, Edificio Instituto de Investigación 2 (II-2), Interior Universidad Del Valle, 18 Avenida 11-37, Vista Hermosa 3, Zona 15, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Brooke Ramay
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, 240 SE Ott Road, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Celia Cordon-Rosales
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - C P Girish Kumar
- National Institute of Epidemiology, II Main Road, TNHB, Ayapakkam, Chennai, 600 077, India
| | - Tarun Bhatnagar
- National Institute of Epidemiology, II Main Road, TNHB, Ayapakkam, Chennai, 600 077, India
| | - Neil Gupta
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of the Director, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, MS H16-2, Atlanta, GA, 30029, USA
| | - Benjamin Park
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of the Director, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, MS H16-2, Atlanta, GA, 30029, USA
| | - Rachel M Smith
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of the Director, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, MS H16-2, Atlanta, GA, 30029, USA.
- Division of Global Health Protection, KEMRI Complex, Kenya Office, Mbagathi road off Mbagathi Way, PO Box 606-00621, Nairobi, Kenya.
- Division of Global Health Protection, Central America Region Office, Edificio Instituto de Investigación 2 (II-2), Interior Universidad Del Valle, 18 Avenida 11-37, Vista Hermosa 3, Zona 15, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
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17
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Moreno P, Cordón C, Ramay BM, Grajeda L, Palmer GH, Lopez MR, Morales M, Sosa K, Cerón A, Call DR. Disponibilidad de antibióticos en tiendas de Guatemala. Salud Publica Mex 2021; 63:335-336. [PMID: 34098617 DOI: 10.21149/11992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
No disponible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purificación Moreno
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala / Departamento de Química Farmacéutica, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala. Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala.
| | - Celia Cordón
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala. Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala.
| | - Brooke M Ramay
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala. Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala / Departamento de Química Farmacéutica, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala. Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala / Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University. Pullman, Washington, Estados Unidos.
| | - Laura Grajeda
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala. Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala.
| | - Guy H Palmer
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University. Pullman, Washington, Estados Unidos.
| | - Maria Renee Lopez
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala. Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala.
| | - Marinees Morales
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala. Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala.
| | - Karen Sosa
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala. Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala.
| | - Alejandro Cerón
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala. Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala / Department of Anthropology, University of Denver. Denver, Colorado, Estados Unidos.
| | - Douglas R Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University. Pullman, Washington, Estados Unidos.
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Omulo S, Lofgren ET, Lockwood S, Thumbi SM, Bigogo G, Ouma A, Verani JR, Juma B, Njenga MK, Kariuki S, McElwain TF, Palmer GH, Call DR. Carriage of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in a high-density informal settlement in Kenya is associated with environmental risk-factors. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2021; 10:18. [PMID: 33482919 PMCID: PMC7821723 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-021-00886-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance varies with cultural, socio-economic, and environmental factors. We examined these relationships in Kibera, an informal settlement in Nairobi-Kenya, characterized by high population density, high burden of respiratory disease and diarrhea. METHODS Two-hundred households were enrolled in a 5-month longitudinal study. One adult (≥ 18 years) and one child (≤ 5 years) participated per household. Biweekly interviews (n = 1516) that included questions on water, sanitation, hygiene, and antibiotic use in the previous two weeks were conducted, and 2341 stool, 2843 hand swabs and 1490 drinking water samples collected. Presumptive E. coli (n = 34,042) were isolated and tested for susceptibility to nine antibiotics. RESULTS Eighty percent of presumptive E. coli were resistant to ≥ 3 antibiotic classes. Stool isolates were resistant to trimethoprim (mean: 81%), sulfamethoxazole (80%), ampicillin (68%), streptomycin (60%) and tetracycline (55%). Ninety-seven households reported using an antibiotic in at least one visit over the study period for a total of 144 episodes and 190 antibiotic doses. Enrolled children had five times the number of episodes reported by enrolled adults (96 vs. 19). Multivariable linear mixed-effects models indicated that children eating soil from the household yard and the presence of informal hand-washing stations were associated with increased numbers of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (counts increasing by 0·27-0·80 log10 and 0·22-0·51 log10 respectively, depending on the antibiotic tested). Rainy conditions were associated with reduced carriage of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (1·19 to 3·26 log10 depending on the antibiotic tested). CONCLUSIONS Antibiotic use provided little explanatory power for the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. Transmission of resistant bacteria in this setting through unsanitary living conditions likely overwhelms incremental changes in antibiotic use. Under such circumstances, sanitation, hygiene, and disease transmission are the limiting factors for reducing the prevalence of resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Omulo
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA. .,Washington State University Global Health-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. .,Center for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Eric T Lofgren
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Svetlana Lockwood
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Samuel M Thumbi
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.,Washington State University Global Health-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.,Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Godfrey Bigogo
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Alice Ouma
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | | | | | - M Kariuki Njenga
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.,Washington State University Global Health-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Samuel Kariuki
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Terry F McElwain
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.,Nelson Mandela African Institution for Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Guy H Palmer
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.,Washington State University Global Health-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.,Nelson Mandela African Institution for Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Douglas R Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.,Washington State University Global Health-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.,Nelson Mandela African Institution for Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
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Liu J, Yu F, Call DR, Mills DA, Zhang A, Zhao Z. On-farm soil resistome is modified after treating dairy calves with the antibiotic florfenicol. Sci Total Environ 2021; 750:141694. [PMID: 32871373 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We determined the immediate impact of exposure to antibiotic-treated animals on housing soil microbiome and resistome. Fecal (n = 36) and soil (n = 108) samples from dairy calves (n = 6) treated with and without florfenicol over 30 days were collected. There were temporary changes in the gut microbiome of antibiotic-treated calves as measured by Shannon diversity (16S rRNA gene sequencing; P = 0.03), but not in the housing soil microbiome (P > 0.05). Droplet-digital PCR demonstrated that floR gene increased by 1-log in soil exposed to treated animals (P < 0.001), but it remained relatively stable in the control soil whereby calves were not treated with antibiotic. Resistome in exposed soil was largely modified (P = 0.004) with the overall prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) significantly elevated (3.8-fold increase by day 10; P = 0.01). In addition to florfenicol, enriched ARGs collectively conferring resistance to tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, elfamycins, macrolides-lincosamides-streptrogramin A/B, and beta-lactams. Quantitative PCR validated that ARGs including str and tetG in soil exposed to florfenicol-treated calves had gradually increased fold-change difference relative to the control soil over time. Moreover, a greater diversity of transferrable ARGs was observed in exposed soil and these were associated with a greater diversity of bacterial species. Evaluation of on-farm effects to soil in situ after exposure to antibiotic-treated animals can help design effective managements to mitigate antibiotic resistance in food-animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Robert Mondavi Institute for Wine and Food Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Foods for Health Institute, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Feng Yu
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Douglas R Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - David A Mills
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Robert Mondavi Institute for Wine and Food Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Foods for Health Institute, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Viticulture and Enology, Robert Mondavi Institute for Wine and Food Science, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Anyun Zhang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Institute of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
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20
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Molki B, Call DR, Ha PT, Omsland A, Gang DR, Lindemann SR, Killiny N, Beyenal H. Growth of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' in a host-free microbial culture is associated with microbial community composition. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 142:109691. [PMID: 33220870 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' ('Ca. L. asiaticus'), the suspected causative agent of citrus greening disease, is one of many phloem-restricted plant pathogens that have not been isolated and grown in an axenic culture. In this study, infected Asian citrus psyllids were used to prepare a host-free source of 'Ca. L. asiaticus'. Host-free mixed microbial cultures of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' were grown in the presence of various antibiotic treatments to alter the composition of the microbial communities. Our hypothesis was that the presence of selected antibiotics would enhance or reduce the presence of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' in a host-free culture composed of a mixed bacterial population through changes in the microbial community structure. We determined how 'Ca. L. asiaticus' growth changed with the various treatments. Treatment with vancomycin (50 μg/mL), streptomycin (0.02 μg/mL), or polymyxin B (4 μg/mL) was associated with an increased abundance of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' of 7.35 ± 0.27, 5.56 ± 0.15, or 4.54 ± 0.83 fold, respectively, compared to untreated mixed microbial cultures, while treatment with 100 μg/mL vancomycin; 0.5, 1, or 2 μg/mL streptomycin; or 0.5 μg/mL of polymyxin B was associated with reduced growth. In addition, the growth of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' was associated with the microbial community composition of the mixed microbial cultures. A positive relationship between the presence of the Pseudomonadaceae family and 'Ca. L. asiaticus' growth was observed, while the presence of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' was below the detection limit in cultures that displayed high abundances of Bacillus cereus. Our findings offer strategies for developing effective axenic culture conditions and suggest that enrichment of the Bacillaceae family could serve as a paratransgenic approach to controlling citrus greening disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banafsheh Molki
- Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Douglas R Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Phuc T Ha
- Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Anders Omsland
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - David R Gang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | | | - Nabil Killiny
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| | - Haluk Beyenal
- Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
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21
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Moreno P, Cerón A, Sosa K, Morales M, Grajeda LM, Lopez MR, McCraken JP, Cordón-Rosales C, Palmer GH, Call DR, Ramay BM. Availability of over-the-counter antibiotics in Guatemalan corner stores. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239873. [PMID: 32976542 PMCID: PMC7518585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread availability of antibiotics without prescription potentially facilitates overuse and contributes to selection pressure for antimicrobial resistant bacteria. Prior to this study, anecdotal observations in Guatemala identified corner stores as primary antibiotic dispensaries, where people purchase antibiotics without prescriptions. We carried out a cross sectional study to document the number and types of antibiotics available in corner stores, in four study areas in Guatemala. A total of 443 corner stores were surveyed, of which 295 (67%) sold antibiotics. The most commonly available antibiotics were amoxicillin, found in 246/295 (83%) stores, and tetracycline, found in 195/295 (66%) stores. Over the counter sales result from laissez-faire enforcement of antibiotic dispensing regulations in Guatemala combined with patient demand. This study serves as a baseline to document changes in the availability of antibiotics in informal establishments in light of new pharmacy regulations for antibiotic dispensing, which were adopted after this study was completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purificación Moreno
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Alejandro Cerón
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
- Department of Anthropology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - Karen Sosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Marinees Morales
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Laura M. Grajeda
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Maria Renee Lopez
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - John P. McCraken
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Celia Cordón-Rosales
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Guy H. Palmer
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Douglas R. Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Brooke M. Ramay
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Ramay BM, Caudell MA, Cordón-Rosales C, Archila LD, Palmer GH, Jarquin C, Moreno P, McCracken JP, Rosenkrantz L, Amram O, Omulo S, Call DR. Antibiotic use and hygiene interact to influence the distribution of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in low-income communities in Guatemala. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13767. [PMID: 32792543 PMCID: PMC7426860 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70741-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the effects of poor sanitation and hygiene on the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, we surveyed households in two rural and two urban communities in Guatemala (N = 196 randomly selected households). One adult (≥ 18-years old) and, when available, one child (≤ 5 years-old) provided a stool sample. Up to 48 presumptive Escherichia coli isolates were collected from each stool sample (n = 21,256 total) and were subjected to breakpoint assays for ten antibiotics. Mixed-effects logistic models were used to identify potential factors influencing the likelihood of harboring antibiotic-resistant bacteria. For nine out of ten antibiotics, the odds of detecting resistant bacteria decreased by ~ 32% (odds ratios, OR 0.53-0.8, P < 0.001) for every unit of improvement of a hygiene scale. Hygiene differences between households had a greater impact on prevalence compared to antibiotic use differences. The likelihood of detecting resistant isolates was lower for five antibiotics among households that boiled raw milk before consumption (OR 0.31-0.69), and higher for nine antibiotics in urban households (OR > 1.89-9.6). Poor hygiene conditions likely obscure effects of individual antibiotic use, presumably due to enhanced microbial transmission. Consequently, efforts to improve antibiotic stewardship should be coupled with improving hygiene conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke M Ramay
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, 181 Avenida 11-95, Guatemala City, 01015, Guatemala
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Mark A Caudell
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, United Nations Complex, UN Avenue, Gigiri, PO Box: 30470, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
| | - Celia Cordón-Rosales
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, 181 Avenida 11-95, Guatemala City, 01015, Guatemala.
| | - L Diego Archila
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, 181 Avenida 11-95, Guatemala City, 01015, Guatemala
| | - Guy H Palmer
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
- Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O.BOX 447, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Claudia Jarquin
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, 181 Avenida 11-95, Guatemala City, 01015, Guatemala
| | - Purificación Moreno
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, 181 Avenida 11-95, Guatemala City, 01015, Guatemala
| | - John P McCracken
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, 181 Avenida 11-95, Guatemala City, 01015, Guatemala
| | - Leah Rosenkrantz
- Department of Geography, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Ofer Amram
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, PO Box 1495, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Sylvia Omulo
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Douglas R Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
- Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O.BOX 447, Arusha, Tanzania
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23
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Liu Y, Jin X, Wu C, Zhu X, Liu M, Call DR, Zhao Z. Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Characterization of β-Agarases in Vibrio astriarenae Strain HN897. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1404. [PMID: 32670245 PMCID: PMC7326809 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Vibrio is a genetically and metabolically versatile group of heterotrophic bacteria that are important contributors to carbon cycling within marine and estuarine ecosystems. HN897, a Vibrio strain isolated from the coastal seawater of South China, was shown to be agarolytic and capable of catabolizing D-galactose. Herein, we used Illumina and PacBio sequencing to assemble the whole genome sequence for the strain HN897, which was comprised of two circular chromosomes (Vas1 and Vas2). Genome-wide phylogenetic analysis with 140 other Vibrio sequences firmly placed the strain HN897 into the Marisflavi clade, with Vibrio astriarenae strain C7 being the closest relative. Of all types of carbohydrate-active enzyme classes, glycoside hydrolases (GH) were the most common in the HN897 genome. These included eight GHs identified as putative β-agarases belonging to GH16 and GH50 families in equal proportions. Synteny analysis showed that GH16 and GH50 genes were tandemly arrayed on two different chromosomes consistent with gene duplication. Gene knockout and complementation studies and phenotypic assays confirmed that Vas1_1339, a GH16_16 subfamily gene, exhibits an agarolytic phenotype of the strain. Collectively, these findings explained the agar-decomposing of strain HN897, but also provided valuable resources to gain more detailed insights into the evolution and physiological capability of the strain HN897, which was a presumptive member of the species V. astriarenae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Liu
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingkun Jin
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Douglas R Call
- Paul G Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
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Witherell KS, Price J, Bandaranayake AD, Olson J, Call DR. Circumventing colistin resistance by combining colistin and antimicrobial peptides to kill colistin-resistant and multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 22:706-712. [PMID: 32512236 PMCID: PMC7644326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Colistin is a ‘last-line’ antibiotic used to treat multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, but colistin resistance has emerged. Colistin normally binds to the lipid A moiety on the bacterial outer membrane, where it then destroys the bacterial membrane. Mobilize colistin resistance (MCR, encoded by mcr-1 and others) is a phosphoethanolamine transferase that modifies lipid A, preventing colistin binding. We hypothesized that combining pore-forming AMPs and colistin will circumvent this mechanism and reduce the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of colistin for both colistin- and multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Methods: In vitro cultures were incubated for 18 h after combining bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) with serially diluted colistin and a fixed concentration of peptide MSI-78 or OTD-244. Results: When combined with either peptide, the colistin MIC decreased more than 4-fold for 88% of all tested isolates (n = 17; range, 4–64-fold reduction) and for 75% of colistin-resistant isolates (n = 8; range, 4–64-fold reduction). The concentrations used had no effect on red blood cells based on a conventional haemolysis assay. Conclusions: These findings are consistent with two membrane-damaging compounds having an additive effect on bacterial killing. Combining antimicrobial peptides with colistin is a promising strategy for bypassing MCR-mediated colistin resistance, but also for improving the susceptibility of other Gram-negative bacteria while potentially reducing the therapeutic concentration of colistin needed to treat infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason Price
- The Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - James Olson
- The Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Douglas R Call
- Allen School, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
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Brown K, Mugoh M, Call DR, Omulo S. Antibiotic residues and antibiotic-resistant bacteria detected in milk marketed for human consumption in Kibera, Nairobi. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233413. [PMID: 32463823 PMCID: PMC7255607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of veterinary antibiotics is largely unregulated in low-income countries. Consequently, food producers rarely observe drug withdrawal periods, contributing to drug residues in food products. Drug residues in milk can cause immunogenic reactions in people, and selectively favor antibiotic-resistant bacteria in unpasteurized products. We quantified the prevalence of antibiotic residues in pasteurized and unpasteurized milk, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria from unpasteurized milk sold within Kibera, an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya. Ninety-five milk samples (74 pasteurized and 21 unpasteurized) were collected from shops, street vendors or vending machines, and tested for the presence of β-lactam and tetracycline residues using IDEXX SNAP kits. MacConkey agar without- and with antibiotics (ampicillin, 32 μg/ml; tetracycline, 16 μg/ml) was used to enumerate presumptive E. coli based on colony morphology (colony forming units per ml, CFU/ml). β-lactam and tetracycline residues were found in 7.4% and 3.2% of all milk samples, respectively. Residues were more likely to be present in unpasteurized milk samples (5/21, 23.8%) compared to pasteurized samples (5/75, 6.8%); P = 0.039. Two thirds of unpasteurized samples (14/21, 66.7%) contained detectable numbers of presumptive E. coli (mean 3.5 Log10 CFU/ml) and of these, 92.8% (13/14) were positive for ampicillin- (mean 3.2 Log10 CFU/ml) and 50% (7/14) for tetracycline-resistant E. coli (mean 3.1 Log10 CFU/ml). We found no relationship between the presence of antibiotic residues and the presence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in unpasteurized milk sold within Kibera (P > 0.2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Brown
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Maina Mugoh
- Washington State University Global Health Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Douglas R. Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Sylvia Omulo
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
- Washington State University Global Health Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
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Zmuda HM, Mohamed A, Raval YS, Call DR, Schuetz AN, Patel R, Beyenal H. Hypochlorous acid-generating electrochemical scaffold eliminates Candida albicans biofilms. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:776-786. [PMID: 32249986 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Wound infections involving Candida albicans can be challenging to treat because of the fungus' ability to penetrate wound tissue and form biofilms. The goal of this study was to assess the activity of a hypochlorous acid (HOCl)-generating electrochemical scaffold (e-scaffold) against C. albicans biofilms in vitro and on porcine dermal explants (ex vivo). METHODS AND RESULTS C. albicans biofilms were grown either on acrylic-bottom six-well plates (in vitro) or on skin tissue excised from porcine ears (ex vivo), and the polarized e-scaffold was used to generate a continuous supply of low concentration HOCl near biofilm surfaces. C. albicans biofilms grown in vitro were reduced to undetectable amounts within 24 h of e-scaffold exposure, unlike control biofilms (5·28 ± 0·034 log10 (CFU cm- 2 ); P < 0·0001). C. albicans biofilms grown on porcine dermal explants were also reduced to undetectable amounts in 24 h, unlike control explant biofilms (4·29 ± 0·057 log10 (CFU cm- 2 ); P < 0·0001). There was a decrease in the number of viable mammalian cells (35·6 ± 6·4%) in uninfected porcine dermal explants exposed to continuous HOCl-generating e-scaffolds for 24 h compared to explants exposed to nonpolarized e-scaffolds (not generating HOCl) (P < 0·05). CONCLUSIONS Our HOCl-generating e-scaffold is a potential antifungal-free strategy to treat C. albicans biofilms in chronic wounds. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Wound infections caused by C. albicans are difficult to treat due to presence of biofilms in wound beds. Our HOCl producing e-scaffold provides a promising novel approach to treat wound infections caused by C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Zmuda
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - A Mohamed
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Y S Raval
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - D R Call
- The Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - A N Schuetz
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - R Patel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - H Beyenal
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Hove PR, Mobley D, Magunda F, Call DR. Deploying Elemental Iodine in a Vapor Form to Disinfect Water and to Clear Biofilms. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17103489. [PMID: 32429479 PMCID: PMC7277347 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, iodine has been delivered as a solution, tablet or resin to disinfect water. In this study we evaluated the “I2 vapor infusion” (I2VP) technology which passes an airstream through a matrix containing elemental iodine (I2) to produce I2 vapor as an innovative method of iodine delivery for water disinfection. Pressured air was provided either by a compressor or hand pump. Testing was performed with water inoculated with either Gram-negative (Escherichia, Salmonella) or Gram-positive (Enterococcus) bacteria or with pre-formed Acinetobacter or Staphylococcus biofilms. Bacterial colony forming units were used to assess efficacy of the device. In distilled water all bacteria and biofilms were eliminated after brief exposures (<90 s). Culturable bacteria were also eliminated from pond and municipal sewer water, but the technology was mostly ineffective against dairy lagoon water with high turbidity and organic particulate. Longer duration infusion and higher air volumes used to overcome interference from organic matter were also associated with higher concentrations of residual iodine. We conclude that I2 vapor infusion has the potential to be useful for emergency water treatment and potentially for reducing microbiological contamination of some waste streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petronella R. Hove
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-970 492-4249
| | - Daniel Mobley
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA; (D.M.); (D.R.C.)
| | - Forgivemore Magunda
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Douglas R. Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA; (D.M.); (D.R.C.)
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28
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Aslam B, Chaudhry TH, Arshad MI, Alvi RF, Shahzad N, Yasmeen N, Idris A, Rasool MH, Khurshid M, Ma Z, Call DR, Baloch Z. The First blaKPC Harboring Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 Strain Isolated in Pakistan. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 26:783-786. [PMID: 32109182 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important pathogen that causes pneumonia and bloodstream infections, especially in neonates and intensive care patients. The carbapenems remain an important therapeutic option for clinicians, particularly against cephalosporin-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. This increased use of carbapenems at clinics has resulted in the evolution and spread of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae. In this study, we isolated six bla K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing strains belonging to sequence type 258 (ST258) from clinical, environmental, and veterinary sources. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed on these isolates and the genes responsible for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and metallo-beta-lactamase production were screened. The molecular typing was done using multilocus sequence typing. Isolated strains were resistant to various antibiotic classes, including carbapenems, and carried the carbapenem-resistant gene, blaKPC. All strains were susceptible to tigecycline and colistin. This is the first report detecting K. pneumoniae ST258 strains in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Aslam
- Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, P.R. China.,Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Imran Arshad
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Roman Farooq Alvi
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Shahzad
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nafeesa Yasmeen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Adi Idris
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | | | - Mohsin Khurshid
- Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhongren Ma
- Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Douglas R Call
- The Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Zulqarnain Baloch
- Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
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29
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Kashfi R, Kelsey C, Gang DJ, Call DR, Gang DR. Metabolomic Diversity and Identification of Antibacterial Activities of Bacteria Isolated From Marine Sediments in Hawai'i and Puerto Rico. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:23. [PMID: 32158766 PMCID: PMC7052060 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a growing concern worldwide and consequently metabolomic tools are being applied increasingly in efforts aimed at identifying new antimicrobial compounds. Marine bacteria-derived compounds have shown great promise in this area. A metabolomics-based study was undertaken to study the diversity of secondary metabolites from marine sediment bacteria isolated from different locations of Hawai’i and Puerto Rico. This effort included characterizing the biodiversity in the sediment samples and searching for antibacterial activity and associated compounds. Bacterial strains were isolated using several different nutrient agars and culture conditions. DNA sequencing (16s rDNA) was used for phylogenetic characterization. Antibacterial activity was assessed against antibiotic-resistant strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis. Ethyl acetate extracted bacterial secondary metabolites were measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, processed in Progenesis QI and further analyzed by partial least squares-discriminant analysis using MetaboAnalyst 3. Among the strains (n = 143) that were isolated from these two geographical areas and tested for antibiotic activity, 19 exhibited antibacterial activity against at least one antibiotic-resistant human pathogen. One strain from Hawai’i possessed broad-spectrum activity against all five pathogens. Metabolite profiles were diverse and separated the strains into two clusters in PCA analysis that mirrored geographical origin of the isolated strains. A diversity of bacteria and potential antibacterial compounds were observed in this study. Marine environments represent an opportunity to discover a rich diversity of antibacterial compounds for which resistance mechanisms may be uncommon in human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhnaz Kashfi
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Charles Kelsey
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - David Jorgen Gang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Douglas R Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - David R Gang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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30
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Hines SA, Brandvold J, Mealey RH, Call DR, Graça T. Exposure to ambient air causes degradation and decreased in vitro potency of buparvaquone and parvaquone. Vet Parasitol 2020; 277S:100023. [PMID: 32904749 PMCID: PMC7458381 DOI: 10.1016/j.vpoa.2020.100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Buparvaquone and parvaquone are used to treat livestock infected with Theileria spp. Air exposure had a significant impact on the stability of buparvaquone and parvaquone. Parvaquone was more stable than buparvaquone. Drug degradation was related with loss of potency by an in vitro viability assay.
Buparvaquone and parvaquone are hydroxynaphthoquinone compounds commonly used to treat livestock infected with Theileria species such as T. parva and T. annulata. In many (sub)tropical regions, chromatic changes in medicines can result from extreme environmental conditions and improper drug storage or handling, raising the possibility of drug degradation and loss of potency. We evaluated the effects of UV light, elevated temperature, and atmospheric air on the stability and potency of both buparvaquone and parvaquone by using a combination of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and a T. equi based in vitro parasite growth inhibition assay (to measure potency). Aliquots (1 ml; 3 replicates per treatment) of each compound were subjected to a variety of treatments that varied in duration and intensity followed by HPLC and potency assays. Exposure to ambient air for 50 days was correlated with a significant loss of potency for both buparvaquone (4535%, P < 0.05) and parvaquone (247%, P < 0.05), while elevated temperature (37°C) and UV light exposure (24 h) had no significant impact (P > 0.05). The decrease in potency of both buparvaquone and parvaquone correlated with drug degradation (r = -0.74 and -0.88, respectively) as measured by HPLC. In practice, if there is headspace present in the vial, then ambient air will invariably enter the vial and contribute to degradation of these compounds. Such degradation may contribute to increasing drug resistance, economic losses for farmers, and animal welfare concerns for animals that are treated for Theileria infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddra A Hines
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Pullman, WA 99164-7090, USA
| | - Jacob Brandvold
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7090, USA
| | - Robert H Mealey
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Pullman, WA 99164-7090, USA
| | - Douglas R Call
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Pullman, WA 99164-7090, USA; Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7090, USA
| | - Telmo Graça
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7090, USA.
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31
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Chowdhury AS, Call DR, Broschat SL. Publisher Correction: Antimicrobial Resistance Prediction for Gram-Negative Bacteria via Game Theory-Based Feature Evaluation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1846. [PMID: 31996773 PMCID: PMC6989650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58759-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abu Sayed Chowdhury
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, P.O. Box 642752, Pullman, Washington, USA.
| | - Douglas R Call
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, P.O. Box 642752, Pullman, Washington, USA.,Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, P.O. Box 647090, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Shira L Broschat
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, P.O. Box 642752, Pullman, Washington, USA.,Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, P.O. Box 647090, Pullman, Washington, USA.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, P.O. Box 647040, Pullman, Washington, USA
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32
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Subbiah M, Caudell MA, Mair C, Davis MA, Matthews L, Quinlan RJ, Quinlan MB, Lyimo B, Buza J, Keyyu J, Call DR. Antimicrobial resistant enteric bacteria are widely distributed amongst people, animals and the environment in Tanzania. Nat Commun 2020; 11:228. [PMID: 31932601 PMCID: PMC6957491 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13995-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic use and bacterial transmission are responsible for the emergence, spread and persistence of antimicrobial-resistant (AR) bacteria, but their relative contribution likely differs across varying socio-economic, cultural, and ecological contexts. To better understand this interaction in a multi-cultural and resource-limited context, we examine the distribution of antimicrobial-resistant enteric bacteria from three ethnic groups in Tanzania. Household-level data (n = 425) was collected and bacteria isolated from people, livestock, dogs, wildlife and water sources (n = 62,376 isolates). The relative prevalence of different resistance phenotypes is similar across all sources. Multi-locus tandem repeat analysis (n = 719) and whole-genome sequencing (n = 816) of Escherichia coli demonstrate no evidence for host-population subdivision. Multivariate models show no evidence that veterinary antibiotic use increased the odds of detecting AR bacteria, whereas there is a strong association with livelihood factors related to bacterial transmission, demonstrating that to be effective, interventions need to accommodate different cultural practices and resource limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugan Subbiah
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Mark A Caudell
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Colette Mair
- Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Margaret A Davis
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Louise Matthews
- Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Robert J Quinlan
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Marsha B Quinlan
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Beatus Lyimo
- Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Joram Buza
- Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Julius Keyyu
- Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Douglas R Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
- Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
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33
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Camargo AC, Moura A, Avillan J, Herman N, McFarland AP, Sreevatsan S, Call DR, Woodward JJ, Lecuit M, Nero LA. Whole-genome sequencing reveals Listeria monocytogenes diversity and allows identification of long-term persistent strains in Brazil. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:4478-4487. [PMID: 31251828 PMCID: PMC7644123 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Advances in whole-genome sequencing (WGS) technologies have documented genetic diversity and epidemiology of the major foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) in Europe and North America, but data concerning South America are scarce. Here, we examined the population structure and genetic diversity of this major foodborne pathogen collected in Brazil. Based on core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), isolates from lineages I (n = 22; 63%) and II (n = 13; 37%) were distributed into 10 different sublineages (SLs) and represented 31 new cgMLST types (CTs). The most prevalent SLs were SL9 (n = 9; 26%), SL3 (n = 6; 17%) and SL2 and SL218 (n = 5; 14%). Isolates belonging to CTs L2-SL9-ST9-CT4420 and L1-SL315-ST520-CT4429 were collected 3 and 9 years apart, respectively, revealing long-term persistence of Lm in Brazil. Genetic elements associated with stress survival were present in 60% of isolates (57% SSI-1 and 3% SSI-2). Pathogenic islands were present in 100% (LIPI-1), 43% (LIPI-3) and 6% (LIPI-4) of the isolates. Mutations leading to premature stop codons were detected in the prfA and inlA virulence genes. This study is an important contribution to understanding the genomic diversity and epidemiology of Lm in South America. In addition, the results highlight the importance of using WGS to reveal Lm long-term persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson C. Camargo
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Moura
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France
- Inserm U1117, Paris, France
| | - Johannetsy Avillan
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Nicole Herman
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Srinand Sreevatsan
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Douglas R. Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | | | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France
- Inserm U1117, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, APHP, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Luís A. Nero
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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34
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Rosenkrantz L, Amram O, Caudell MA, Schuurman N, Call DR. Spatial relationships between small-holder farms coupled with livestock management practices are correlated with the distribution of antibiotic resistant bacteria in northern Tanzania. One Health 2019; 8:100097. [PMID: 31249856 PMCID: PMC6584765 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2019.100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the spatial distribution of antibiotic-resistant coliform bacteria amongst livestock from three distinct cultural groups, where group-level differences in practices (e.g., antibiotic use) may influence the magnitude of antibiotic resistance, while livestock interactions (e.g., mixing herds, shared markets) between these locations may reduce heterogeneity in the distribution of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Data was collected as part of a larger study of antibiotic-resistance in northern Tanzania. Simple regression and generalized linear regression were used to assess livestock management and care practices in relation to the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) coliform bacteria. Simple and multivariable logistic regression were then used to identify how different management practices affected the odds of households being found within MDR "hotspots." Households that had a higher median neighbourhood value within a 3000 m radius showed a significant positive correlation with livestock MDR prevalence (β = 4.33, 95% CI: 2.41-6.32). Households were more likely to be found within hotspots if they had taken measures to avoid disease (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 1.53, CI: 1.08-2.18), and if they reported traveling less than a day to reach the market (AOR 2.66, CI: 1.18-6.01). Hotspot membership was less likely when a greater number of livestock were kept at home (AOR 0.81, CI: 0.69-0.95), if livestock were vaccinated (AOR 0.32, CI: 0.21-0.51), or if distance to nearest village was greater (AOR 0.46, CI: 0.36-0.59). The probability of MDR increases when herds are mixed, consistent with evidence for passive transmission of resistant bacteria between animals. Reduced MDR with vaccination is consistent with many studies showing reduced antibiotic use with less disease burden. The neighbourhood effect has implications for design of intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Rosenkrantz
- Department of Geography, Simon Fraser Univesity, Burnaby V5A 1S6, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ofer Amram
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, PO Box 1495, WA, USA
| | - Mark A. Caudell
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, 99164 Washington, USA
| | - Nadine Schuurman
- Department of Geography, Simon Fraser Univesity, Burnaby V5A 1S6, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Douglas R. Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, 99164 Washington, USA
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35
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Liu J, Zhao Z, Avillan JJ, Call DR, Davis M, Sischo WM, Zhang A. Dairy farm soil presents distinct microbiota and varied prevalence of antibiotic resistance across housing areas. Environ Pollut 2019; 254:113058. [PMID: 31454571 PMCID: PMC7646532 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dairy cattle of different ages experience different living conditions and varied frequency of antibiotic administration that likely influence the distribution of microbiome and resistome in ways that reflect different risks of microbial transmission. To assess the degree of variance in these distributions, fecal and soil samples were collected from six distinct housing areas on commercial dairy farms (n = 7) in Washington State. 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that the microbiota differed between different on-farm locations in feces and soil, and in both cases, the microbiota of dairy calves was often distinct from others (P < 0.05). Thirty-two specific antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were widely distributed on dairies, of which several clinically relevant ARGs (including cfr, cfrB, and optrA) were identified for the first time at U.S. dairies. Overall, ARGs were observed more frequently in feces and soil from dairy calves and heifers than from hospital, fresh, lactation and dry pens. Droplet-digital PCR demonstrated that the absolute abundance of floR varied greatly across housing areas and this gene was enriched the most in calves and heifers. Furthermore, in an extended analysis with 14 dairies, environmental soils in calf pens had the most antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli followed by heifer and hospital pens. All soil E. coli isolates (n = 1,905) are resistant to at least 4 different antibiotics, and the PFGE analysis indicated that florfenicol-resistant E. coli is probably shared across geographically-separated farms. This study identified a discrete but predictable distribution of antibiotic resistance genes and organisms, which is important for designing mitigation for higher risk areas on dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Institute of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Food Science and Technology, Robert Mondavi Institute for Wine and Food Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Institute of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Johannetsy J Avillan
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Douglas R Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Margaret Davis
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - William M Sischo
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Anyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
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36
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Zhang A, Call DR, Besser TE, Liu J, Jones L, Wang H, Davis MA. β-lactam resistance genes in bacteriophage and bacterial DNA from wastewater, river water, and irrigation water in Washington State. Water Res 2019; 161:335-340. [PMID: 31212239 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to determine whether β-lactamase genes are carried within bacteriophage capsids, as a first step towards exploring the possible role of bacteriophages as vehicles for dispersal of antimicrobial resistance genes through an agricultural region of Washington State. Water samples (n = 178) from municipal wastewater treatment plants, river and irrigation canals were collected over a period of eight months. The occurrence of four β-lactam resistance gene groups (blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaPSE and blaCMY-2) and three carbapenem resistance genes (blaKPC, blaOXA-48-like, and blaNDM) in bacterial and phage fractions of water samples was evaluated by PCR. All of the seven targeted resistance genes were detected both in wastewater and river water samples. Relatively high proportions of samples (7.3%-64.9%) positive for resistance genes were found in bacteriophage fractions of water samples compared to the bacterial fractions (5.4%-36.8%). blaOXA-48-like (57.3%) and blaTEM (64.0%) were the most prevalent antimicrobial resistance genes detected at all the sampling points. Resistance genes are commonly present in treated wastewater flowing through municipal and agricultural environments, indicating a plausible role for this water in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance traits, including blaCTX-M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Douglas R Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Thomas E Besser
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Jinxin Liu
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Jones
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Hongning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Margaret A Davis
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
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37
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Deliorman M, Duatepe FPG, Davenport EK, Fransson BA, Call DR, Beyenal H, Abu-Lail NI. Responses of Acinetobacter baumannii Bound and Loose Extracellular Polymeric Substances to Hyperosmotic Agents Combined with or without Tobramycin: An Atomic Force Microscopy Study. Langmuir 2019; 35:9071-9083. [PMID: 31184900 PMCID: PMC7607972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, contributions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to the nanoscale mechanisms through which the multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii responds to antimicrobial and hyperosmotic treatments were investigated by atomic force microscopy. Specifically, the adhesion strengths to a control surface of silicon nitride (Si3N4) and the lengths of bacterial surface biopolymers of bound and loose EPS extracted from A. baumannii biofilms were quantified after individual or synergistic treatments with hyperosmotic agents (NaCl and maltodextrin) and an antibiotic (tobramycin). In the absence of any treatment, the loose EPS were significantly longer in length and higher in adhesion to Si3N4 than the bound EPS. When used individually, the hyperosmotic agents and tobramycin collapsed the A. baumannii bound and loose EPS. The combined treatment of maltodextrin with tobramycin collapsed only the loose EPS and did not alter the adhesion of both bound and loose EPS to Si3N4. In addition, the combined treatment was not as effective in collapsing the EPS molecules as when tobramycin was applied alone. Finally, the effects of treatments were dose-dependent. Altogether, our findings suggest that a sequential treatment could be effective in treating A. baumannii biofilms, in which a hyperosmotic agent is used first to collapse the EPS and limit the diffusion of nutrients into the biofilm, followed by the use of an antibiotic to kill the bacterial cells that escape from the biofilm because of starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammedin Deliorman
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Emily K. Davenport
- Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, 99164 Pullman, Washington, United States
| | - Boel A. Fransson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, 99164 Pullman, Washington, United States
| | - Douglas R. Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, 99164 Pullman, Washington, United States
| | - Haluk Beyenal
- Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, 99164 Pullman, Washington, United States
| | - Nehal I. Abu-Lail
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, 78249 San Antonio, Texas, United States
- Corresponding Author:. Phone: +1 210 458 8131
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Kiamco MM, Zmuda HM, Mohamed A, Call DR, Raval YS, Patel R, Beyenal H. Hypochlorous-Acid-Generating Electrochemical Scaffold for Treatment of Wound Biofilms. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2683. [PMID: 30804362 PMCID: PMC6389966 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38968-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation causes prolonged wound infections due to the dense biofilm structure, differential gene regulation to combat stress, and production of extracellular polymeric substances. Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are three difficult-to-treat biofilm-forming bacteria frequently found in wound infections. This work describes a novel wound dressing in the form of an electrochemical scaffold (e-scaffold) that generates controlled, low concentrations of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) suitable for killing biofilm communities without substantially damaging host tissue. Production of HOCl near the e-scaffold surface was verified by measuring its concentration using needle-type microelectrodes. E-scaffolds producing 17, 10 and 7 mM HOCl completely eradicated S. aureus, A. baumannii, and P. aeruginosa biofilms after 3 hours, 2 hours, and 1 hour, respectively. Cytotoxicity and histopathological assessment showed no discernible harm to host tissues when e-scaffolds were applied to explant biofilms. The described strategy may provide a novel antibiotic-free strategy for treating persistent biofilm-associated infections, such as wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Mae Kiamco
- The Gene and Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Hannah M Zmuda
- The Gene and Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Abdelrhman Mohamed
- The Gene and Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Douglas R Call
- The Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Yash S Raval
- Divisions of Clinical Microbiology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robin Patel
- Divisions of Clinical Microbiology, Rochester, MN, USA.,Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Haluk Beyenal
- The Gene and Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
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Caudell MA, Mair C, Subbiah M, Matthews L, Quinlan RJ, Quinlan MB, Zadoks R, Keyyu J, Call DR. Identification of risk factors associated with carriage of resistant Escherichia coli in three culturally diverse ethnic groups in Tanzania: a biological and socioeconomic analysis. Lancet Planet Health 2018; 2:e489-e497. [PMID: 30396440 PMCID: PMC6215761 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(18)30225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGOUND Improved antimicrobial stewardship, sanitation, and hygiene are WHO-inspired priorities for restriction of the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Prioritisation among these objectives is essential, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries, but the factors contributing most to antimicrobial resistance are typically unknown and could vary substantially between and within countries. We aimed to identify the biological and socioeconomic risk factors associated with carriage of resistant Escherichia coli in three culturally diverse ethnic groups in northern Tanzania. METHODS We developed a survey containing more than 200 items and administered it in randomly selected households in 13 Chagga, Arusha, or Maasai villages chosen on the basis of ethnic composition and distance to urban centres. Human stool samples were collected from a subset of households, as were liquid milk samples and swabs of milk containers. Samples were processed and plated onto MacConkey agar plates, then presumptive E coli isolates were identified on the basis of colony morphology. Susceptibility of isolates was then tested against a panel of nine antimicrobials (ampicillin, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, kanamycin, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and trimethoprim) via a breakpoint assay. Susceptibility findings were matched with data across a wide range of household characteristics, including education, hygiene practices, wealth, livestock husbandry, and antibiotic use. FINDINGS Between March 23, 2012, and July 30, 2015, we interviewed 391 households (118 Arusha, 100 Chagga, and 173 Maasai). Human stool samples were collected at 226 (58%) households across the 13 villages. 181 milk samples and 191 milk-container swabs were collected from 117 households across seven villages. 11 470 putative E coli samples were isolated from stool samples. Antimicrobial use in people and livestock was not associated with prevalence of resistance at the household level. Instead, the factors with the greatest predictive value involved exposure to bacteria, and were intimately connected with fundamental cultural differences across study groups. These factors included how different subsistence types (pastoralists vs farmers) access water sources and consumption of unboiled milk, reflecting increased exposure to resistant bacteria in milk. INTERPRETATION When cultural and ecological conditions favour bacterial transmission, there is a high likelihood that people will harbour antimicrobial-resistant bacteria irrespective of antimicrobial use practices. Public health interventions to limit antimicrobial resistance need to be tailored to local practices that affect bacterial transmission. FUNDING US National Science Foundation; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, UK Medical Research Council; and the Allen School.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Caudell
- Paul G Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Colette Mair
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Murugan Subbiah
- Paul G Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Louise Matthews
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Robert J Quinlan
- Paul G Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Marsha B Quinlan
- Paul G Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Ruth Zadoks
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Julius Keyyu
- Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Douglas R Call
- Paul G Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania.
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Zhao Z, Liu J, Deng Y, Huang W, Ren C, Call DR, Hu C. The Vibrio alginolyticus T3SS effectors, Val1686 and Val1680, induce cell rounding, apoptosis and lysis of fish epithelial cells. Virulence 2018; 9:318-330. [PMID: 29252102 PMCID: PMC5955196 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1414134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio alginolyticus is a Gram-negative bacterium that is an opportunistic pathogen of both marine animals and people. Its pathogenesis likely involves type III secretion system (T3SS) mediated induction of rapid apoptosis, cell rounding and osmotic lysis of infected eukaryotic cells. Herein, we report that effector proteins, Val1686 and Val1680 from V. alginolyticus, were responsible for T3SS-mediated death of fish cells. Val1686 is a Fic-domain containing protein that not only contributed to cell rounding by inhibiting Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases), but was requisite for the induction of apoptosis because the deletion mutant (Δval1686) was severely weakened in its ability to induce cell rounding and apoptosis in fish cells. In addition, Val1686 alone was sufficient to induce cell rounding and apoptosis as evidenced by the transfection of Val1686 into fish cells. Importantly, the Fic-domain essential for cell rounding activity was equally important to activation of apoptosis of fish cells, indicating that apoptosis is a downstream event of Val1686-dependent GTPase inhibition. V. alginolyticus infection likely activates JNK and ERK pathways with sequential activation of caspases (caspase-8/-10, -9 and -3) and subsequent apoptosis. Val1680 contributed to T3SS-dependent lysis of fish cells in V. alginolyticus, but did not induce autophagy as has been reported for its homologue (VopQ) in V. parahaemolyticus. Together, Val1686 and Val1680 work together to induce apoptosis, cell rounding and cell lysis of V. alginolyticus-infected fish cells. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of cell death caused by T3SS of V. alginolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhao
- a Institute of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University , Nanjing , Jiangsu, PR China.,b Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou, Guangdong , PR China
| | - Jinxin Liu
- a Institute of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University , Nanjing , Jiangsu, PR China.,c Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University , Pullman , WA , U.S
| | - Yiqin Deng
- b Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou, Guangdong , PR China.,d Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Guangzhou, Guangdong , PR China
| | - Wen Huang
- b Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou, Guangdong , PR China
| | - Chunhua Ren
- b Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou, Guangdong , PR China
| | - Douglas R Call
- c Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University , Pullman , WA , U.S
| | - Chaoqun Hu
- b Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou, Guangdong , PR China
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Roulette JW, Roulette CJ, Quinlan RJ, Call DR, Hewlett BS, Caudell MA, Quinlan MB. Children's Ethnobiological Notions of Contamination and Contagions among Maasai Agro-Pastoralists of Northern Tanzania. J ETHNOBIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.2993/0278-0771-38.2.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W. Roulette
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | | | - Robert J. Quinlan
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University
| | - Douglas R. Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University
- Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Barry S. Hewlett
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Mark A. Caudell
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University
| | - Marsha B. Quinlan
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University
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Kiamco MM, Mohamed A, Reardon PN, Marean-Reardon CL, Aframehr WM, Call DR, Beyenal H, Renslow RS. Structural and metabolic responses of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms to hyperosmotic and antibiotic stress. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:1594-1603. [PMID: 29460278 PMCID: PMC5959008 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms alter their metabolism in response to environmental stress. This study explores the effect of a hyperosmotic agent-antibiotic treatment on the metabolism of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms through the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. To determine the metabolic activity of S. aureus, we quantified the concentrations of metabolites in spent medium using high-resolution NMR spectroscopy. Biofilm porosity, thickness, biovolume, and relative diffusion coefficient depth profiles were obtained using NMR microimaging. Dissolved oxygen concentration was measured to determine the availability of oxygen within the biofilm. Under vancomycin-only treatment, the biofilm communities switched to fermentation under anaerobic condition, as evidenced by high concentrations of formate (7.4 ± 2.7 mM), acetate (13.1 ± 0.9 mM), and lactate (3.0 ± 0.8 mM), and there was no detectable dissolved oxygen in the biofilm. In addition, we observed the highest consumption of pyruvate (0.19 mM remaining from an initial 40 mM concentration), the sole carbon source, under the vancomycin-only treatment. On the other hand, relative effective diffusion coefficients increased from 0.73 ± 0.08 to 0.88 ± 0.08 under vancomycin-only treatment but decreased from 0.71 ± 0.04 to 0.60 ± 0.07 under maltodextrin-only and from 0.73 ± 0.06 to 0.56 ± 0.08 under combined treatments. There was an increase in biovolume, from 2.5 ± 1 mm3 to 7 ± 1 mm3 , under the vancomycin-only treatment, while the maltodextrin-only and combined treatments showed no significant change in biovolume over time. This indicated that physical biofilm growth was halted during maltodextrin-only and combined treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia M Kiamco
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Abdelrhman Mohamed
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Patrick N Reardon
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington
| | - Carrie L Marean-Reardon
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington
| | - Wrya M Aframehr
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Douglas R Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Haluk Beyenal
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Ryan S Renslow
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington
- Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington
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Roulette CJ, Njau EFA, Quinlan MB, Quinlan RJ, Call DR. Medicinal foods and beverages among Maasai agro-pastoralists in northern Tanzania. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 216:191-202. [PMID: 29409795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pastoralist Maasai populations of east Africa use several different wild plants as dietary and medicinal additives in beverages (soups and teas), yet little is known about how the plants used and the rationales for use compare and contrast across different Maasai beverages, including how gender specific dietary and health concerns structure patterns of intake. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated three Maasai beverages: almajani (tea or herbal infusion); motorí (traditional soup); and okiti (psychoactive herbal tea). In order to build knowledge about the cultural functions of these Maasai food-medicines and their incidence of use we also investigated use rationales and self-reported frequencies of use. We conclude by examining gender differences and the possible pharmacological antimicrobial activity of the most frequently used plants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Research was conducted in 2015, with a population of semi-nomadic agropastoralist Maasai residing in northern Tanzania. Data were collected using key informant interviews, plant collections, n = 32 structured surveys, and n = 40 freelist interviews followed by a literature review to determine the known antimicrobial activity of the most used plants. RESULTS We identified 20 plants that Maasai add to soup, 11 in tea, and 11 in the psychoactive tea, for a total of 24 herbal additives. Seven plant species were used in all three Maasai beverages, and these clustered with 10 common ailments. Based on self-reports, women use the beverages less frequently and in smaller amounts than men. There were also several gender differences in the plants that Maasai add to motorí and their associated use rationales. CONCLUSIONS There are several intersections concerning the plant species used and their associated rationales for use in almajani, motori, and okiti. Moving outward, Maasai beverages and their additives increasingly involve gender specific concerns. Female use of food-medicines, relative to men, is structured by concerns over pregnancy, birth, and lactation. The frequent consumption of herbal additives, many of which contain antimicrobial compounds, potentially helps modulate infections, but could have other unintentional effects as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey J Roulette
- Department of Anthropology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, United States.
| | - Efrem-Fred A Njau
- National Herbarium of Tanzania, Tropical Pesticide Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania.
| | - Marsha B Quinlan
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4910, United States; Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7090, United States.
| | - Robert J Quinlan
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4910, United States; Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7090, United States.
| | - Douglas R Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7090, United States; Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania.
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Liu J, Yang Y, Li Y, Liu D, Tuo H, Wang H, Call DR, Davis M, Zhang A. Isolation of an IncP-1 plasmid harbouring mcr-1 from a chicken isolate of Citrobacter braakii in China. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 51:936-940. [PMID: 29305957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 has been found worldwide, but the diversity of organisms harbouring this gene is unknown. In this study, 12 colistin-resistant Citrobacter spp. isolates were obtained from diseased or dead chickens in China, and PCR analysis indicated that five were positive for mcr-1. One Citrobacter braakii strain (SCC4) with a multidrug-resistant phenotype was chosen for further analysis. SCC4 was resistant or intermediate-resistant to ten of the tested antibiotics, and the colistin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was >4 µg/mL. A conjugation assay demonstrated successful transfer of colistin resistance to Escherichia coli strain J53 at a frequency of 10-7 cells per recipient cell. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that SCC4 contained 13 antibiotic resistance genes in its genome, and the mcr-1 gene resided on a 44-kb self-transmissible IncP-type plasmid of a recently discovered IncP-1 clade. In addition, the mcr-1 gene was part of an insertion element (ISApl1-mcr-1-orf-ISApl1) that was excised from the plasmid as a circular intermediate form. This is the first report of mcr-1-posiitve C. braakii of animal origin and these findings highlight the fact that the mcr-1 gene can be found in normal enteric flora as part of broad-host-range plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Liu
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Yanxian Yang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongmei Tuo
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongning Wang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Douglas R Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Margaret Davis
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Anyun Zhang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
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Lu SY, Zhao Z, Avillan JJ, Liu J, Call DR. Autoinducer-2 Quorum Sensing Contributes to Regulation of Microcin PDI in Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2570. [PMID: 29312248 PMCID: PMC5743794 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Escherichia coli quorum sensing (QS) signal molecule, autoinducer-2 (AI-2), reaches its maximum concentration during mid-to-late growth phase after which it quickly degrades during stationary phase. This pattern of AI-2 concentration coincides with the up- then down-regulation of a recently described microcin PDI (mccPDI) effector protein (McpM). To determine if there is a functional relationship between these systems, a prototypical mccPDI-expressing strain of E. coli 25 was used to generate ΔluxS, ΔlsrACDBFG (Δlsr), and ΔlsrR mutant strains that are deficient in AI-2 production, transportation, and AI-2 transport regulation, respectively. Trans-complementation, RT-qPCR, and western blot assays were used to detect changes of microcin expression and synthesis under co-culture and monoculture conditions. Compared to the wild-type strain, the AI-2-deficient strain (ΔluxS) and -uptake negative strain (Δlsr) were >1,000-fold less inhibitory to susceptible bacteria (P < 0.05). With in trans complementation of luxS, the AI-2 deficient mutant reduced the susceptible E. coli population by 4-log, which was within 1-log of the wild-type phenotype. RT-qPCR and western blot results for the AI-2 deficient E. coli 25 showed a 5-fold reduction in mcpM transcription with an average 2-h delay in McpM synthesis. Furthermore, overexpression of sRNA micC and micF (both involved in porin protein regulation) was correlated with mcpM regulation, consistent with a possible link between QS and mcpM regulation. This is the direct first evidence that microcin regulation can be linked to quorum sensing in a Gram-negative bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yeh Lu
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States.,Institute of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Johannetsy J Avillan
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Jinxin Liu
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States.,Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Douglas R Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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Roulette CJ, Caudell MA, Roulette JW, Quinlan RJ, Quinlan MB, Subbiah M, Call DR. A two-month follow-up evaluation testing interventions to limit the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistant bacteria among Maasai of northern Tanzania. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:770. [PMID: 29246196 PMCID: PMC5732506 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2857-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In sub-Saharan Africa, efforts to control antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are aggravated by unregulated drug sales and use, and high connectivity between human, livestock, and wildlife populations. Our previous research indicates that Maasai agropastoralists-who have high exposure to livestock and livestock products and self-administer veterinary antibiotics-harbor antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli). Here, we report the results of a public health intervention project among Maasai aimed at reducing selection and transmission of E. coli bacteria. METHODS Research was conducted in two Maasai communities in Northern Tanzania. Participants were provided with health knowledge and technological innovations to facilitate: 1) the prudent use of veterinary antibiotics (tape measures and dosage charts to calculate livestock weight for more accurate dosage), and, 2) the pasteurization of milk (thermometers), the latter of which was motivated by findings of high levels of resistant E. coli in Maasai milk. To determine knowledge retention and intervention adoption, we conducted a two-month follow-up evaluation in the largest of the two communities. RESULTS Retention of antimicrobial knowledge was positively associated with retention of bacterial knowledge and, among men, retention of bacterial knowledge was associated with greater wealth. Bacterial and AMR knowledge were not, however, associated with self-reported use of the innovations. Among women, self-reported use of the thermometers was associated with having more children and greater retention of knowledge about the health benefits of the innovations. Whereas 70% of women used their innovations correctly, men performed only 18% of the weight-estimation steps correctly. Men's correct use was associated with schooling, such that high illiteracy rates remain an important obstacle to the dissemination and diffusion of weight-estimation materials. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that dietary preferences for unboiled milk, concerns over child health, and a desire to improve the health of livestock are important cultural values that need to be incorporated in future AMR-prevention interventions that target Maasai populations. More generally, these findings inform future community-health interventions to limit AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey J. Roulette
- Department of Anthropology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182 USA
| | - Mark A. Caudell
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Jennifer W. Roulette
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Robert J. Quinlan
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Marsha B. Quinlan
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Murugan Subbiah
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Douglas R. Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Omulo S, Thumbi SM, Lockwood S, Verani JR, Bigogo G, Masyongo G, Call DR. Evidence of superficial knowledge regarding antibiotics and their use: Results of two cross-sectional surveys in an urban informal settlement in Kenya. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185827. [PMID: 28968447 PMCID: PMC5624622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed knowledge and practices related to antibiotic use in Kibera, an urban informal settlement in Kenya. Surveys was employed at the beginning (entry) and again at the end (exit) of a 5-month longitudinal study of AMR. Two-hundred households were interviewed at entry, of which 149 were also interviewed at exit. The majority (>65%) of respondents in both surveys could name at least one antibiotic, with amoxicillin and cotrimoxazole jointly accounting for 85% and 77% of antibiotics mentioned during entry and exit, respectively. More than 80% of respondents felt antibiotics should not be shared or discontinued following the alleviation of symptoms. Nevertheless, 66% and 74% of respondents considered antibiotics effective for treating colds and flu in the entry and exit surveys, respectively. There was a high (87%, entry; 70% exit) level of reported antibiotic use (past 12 months) mainly for colds/flu, coughs and fever, with >80% of respondents obtaining antibiotics from health facilities and pharmacies. Less than half of respondents remembered getting information on the correct use of antibiotics, although 100% of those who did reported improved attitudes towards antibiotic use. Clinicians and community pharmacists were highly trusted information sources. Paired household responses (n = 149) generally showed improved knowledge and attitudes by the exit survey although practices were largely unchanged. Weak agreement (κ = -0.003 to 0.22) between survey responses suggest both that unintended learning had not occurred, and that participant responses were not based on established knowledge or behaviors. Targeted public education regarding antibiotics is needed to address this gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Omulo
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
- Community Health Analytics Initiative, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Samuel M. Thumbi
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Svetlana Lockwood
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer R. Verani
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Godfrey Bigogo
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Geoffrey Masyongo
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Douglas R. Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
- Community Health Analytics Initiative, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
- The Nelson Mandela African Institute for Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
- * E-mail:
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Omulo S, Lofgren ET, Mugoh M, Alando M, Obiya J, Kipyegon K, Kikwai G, Gumbi W, Kariuki S, Call DR. The impact of fecal sample processing on prevalence estimates for antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli. J Microbiol Methods 2017; 136:71-77. [PMID: 28323065 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Investigators often rely on studies of Escherichia coli to characterize the burden of antibiotic resistance in a clinical or community setting. To determine if prevalence estimates for antibiotic resistance are sensitive to sample handling and interpretive criteria, we collected presumptive E. coli isolates (24 or 95 per stool sample) from a community in an urban informal settlement in Kenya. Isolates were tested for susceptibility to nine antibiotics using agar breakpoint assays and results were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. We observed a <3-fold difference between prevalence estimates based on freshly isolated bacteria when compared to isolates collected from unprocessed fecal samples or fecal slurries that had been stored at 4°C for up to 7days. No time-dependence was evident (P>0.1). Prevalence estimates did not differ for five distinct E. coli colony morphologies on MacConkey agar plates (P>0.2). Successive re-plating of samples for up to five consecutive days had little to no impact on prevalence estimates. Finally, culturing E. coli under different conditions (with 5% CO2 or micro-aerobic) did not affect estimates of prevalence. For the conditions tested in these experiments, minor modifications in sample processing protocols are unlikely to bias estimates of the prevalence of antibiotic-resistance for fecal E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Omulo
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; Community Health Analytics Initiative, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Eric T Lofgren
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; Community Health Analytics Initiative, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Maina Mugoh
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Moshe Alando
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joshua Obiya
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Korir Kipyegon
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gilbert Kikwai
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Wilson Gumbi
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Samuel Kariuki
- Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Douglas R Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; Community Health Analytics Initiative, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; The Nelson Mandela African Institute for Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania.
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Mosites E, Sammons M, Otiang E, Eng A, Noecker C, Manor O, Hilton S, Thumbi SM, Onyango C, Garland-Lewis G, Call DR, Njenga MK, Wasserheit JN, Zambriski JA, Walson JL, Palmer GH, Montgomery J, Borenstein E, Omore R, Rabinowitz PM. Microbiome sharing between children, livestock and household surfaces in western Kenya. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171017. [PMID: 28152044 PMCID: PMC5289499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome community structure and development are associated with several health outcomes in young children. To determine the household influences of gut microbiome structure, we assessed microbial sharing within households in western Kenya by sequencing 16S rRNA libraries of fecal samples from children and cattle, cloacal swabs from chickens, and swabs of household surfaces. Among the 156 households studied, children within the same household significantly shared their gut microbiome with each other, although we did not find significant sharing of gut microbiome across host species or household surfaces. Higher gut microbiome diversity among children was associated with lower wealth status and involvement in livestock feeding chores. Although more research is necessary to identify further drivers of microbiota development, these results suggest that the household should be considered as a unit. Livestock activities, health and microbiome perturbations among an individual child may have implications for other children in the household.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Mosites
- University of Washington, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Washington State University, Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Matt Sammons
- Washington State University, Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Elkanah Otiang
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Alexander Eng
- University of Washington, Department of Genome Sciences, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Cecilia Noecker
- University of Washington, Department of Genome Sciences, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ohad Manor
- University of Washington, Department of Genome Sciences, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sarah Hilton
- University of Washington, Department of Genome Sciences, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Samuel M. Thumbi
- Washington State University, Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Clayton Onyango
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Gemina Garland-Lewis
- University of Washington, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Douglas R. Call
- Washington State University, Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - M. Kariuki Njenga
- Washington State University, Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Judith N. Wasserheit
- University of Washington, Department of Global Health, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Zambriski
- Washington State University, Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Judd L. Walson
- University of Washington, Department of Global Health, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- University of Washington, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Guy H. Palmer
- Washington State University, Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Joel Montgomery
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Elhanan Borenstein
- University of Washington, Department of Genome Sciences, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- University of Washington, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Richard Omore
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Peter M. Rabinowitz
- University of Washington, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- University of Washington, Department of Global Health, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- University of Washington, Department of Family Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States America
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Caudell MA, Quinlan MB, Subbiah M, Call DR, Roulette CJ, Roulette JW, Roth A, Matthews L, Quinlan RJ. Antimicrobial Use and Veterinary Care among Agro-Pastoralists in Northern Tanzania. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170328. [PMID: 28125722 PMCID: PMC5268417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequent and unregulated use of antimicrobials (AM) in livestock requires public health attention as a likely selection pressure for resistant bacteria. Studies among small-holders, who own a large percentage of the world's livestock, are vital for understanding how practices involving AM use might influence resistance. We present a cultural-ecological mixed-methods analysis to explore sectors of veterinary care, loosely regulated AM use, and human exposure to AMs through meat and milk consumption across three rural to peri-urban Tanzanian ethnic groups (N = 415 households). Reported use of self-administered AMs varied by ethnic group (Maasai: 74%, Arusha: 21%, Chagga: 1%) as did consultation with professional veterinarians (Maasai: 36%, Arusha: 45%, Chagga: 96%) and observation of withdrawal of meat and milk from consumption during and following AM treatment (Maasai: 7%, Arusha: 72%, Chagga: 96%). The antibiotic oxytetracycline was by far the most common AM in this sample. Within ethnic groups, herd composition differences, particularly size of small-stock and cattle herds, were most strongly associated with differences in lay AM use. Among the Arusha, proxies for urbanization, including owning transportation and reliance on "zero-grazing" herds had the strongest positive associations with veterinarian consultation, while distance to urban centers was negatively associated. For Maasai, consultation was negatively associated with use of traditional healers or veterinary drug-shops. Observation of withdrawal was most strongly associated with owning technology among Maasai while Arusha observance displayed seasonal differences. This "One-Health" analysis suggests that livelihood and cultural niche factors, through their association with practices in smallholder populations, provide insight into the selection pressures that may contribute to the evolution and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Caudell
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Marsha B. Quinlan
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Murugan Subbiah
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Douglas R. Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Casey J. Roulette
- Department of Anthropology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer W. Roulette
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Adam Roth
- Department of Sociology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Louise Matthews
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Quinlan
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
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