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Maia GA, Filho VB, Kawagoe EK, Teixeira Soratto TA, Moreira RS, Grisard EC, Wagner G. AnnotaPipeline: An integrated tool to annotate eukaryotic proteins using multi-omics data. Front Genet 2022; 13:1020100. [DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1020100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Assignment of gene function has been a crucial, laborious, and time-consuming step in genomics. Due to a variety of sequencing platforms that generates increasing amounts of data, manual annotation is no longer feasible. Thus, the need for an integrated, automated pipeline allowing the use of experimental data towards validation of in silico prediction of gene function is of utmost relevance. Here, we present a computational workflow named AnnotaPipeline that integrates distinct software and data types on a proteogenomic approach to annotate and validate predicted features in genomic sequences. Based on FASTA (i) nucleotide or (ii) protein sequences or (iii) structural annotation files (GFF3), users can input FASTQ RNA-seq data, MS/MS data from mzXML or similar formats, as the pipeline uses both transcriptomic and proteomic information to corroborate annotations and validate gene prediction, providing transcription and expression evidence for functional annotation. Reannotation of the available Arabidopsis thaliana, Caenorhabditis elegans, Candida albicans, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Trypanosoma rangeli genomes was performed using the AnnotaPipeline, resulting in a higher proportion of annotated proteins and a reduced proportion of hypothetical proteins when compared to the annotations publicly available for these organisms. AnnotaPipeline is a Unix-based pipeline developed using Python and is available at: https://github.com/bioinformatics-ufsc/AnnotaPipeline.
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Mansur Pontes CL, Höehr de Moraes M, Lückemeyer DD, Wagner G, Andersson B, Stoco PH, Grisard EC. Differential expression and activity of arginine kinase between the American trypanosomatids Trypanosoma rangeli and Trypanosoma cruzi. Exp Parasitol 2021; 230:108159. [PMID: 34563508 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2021.108159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma rangeli is a non-virulent hemoflagellate parasite infecting humans, wild and domestic mammals in Central and Latin America. The share of genotypic, phenotypic, and biological similarities with the virulent, human-infective T. cruzi and T. brucei, allows comparative studies on mechanisms of pathogenesis. In this study, investigation of the T. rangeli Arginine Kinase (TrAK) revealed two highly similar copies of the AK gene in this taxon, and a distinct expression profile and activity between replicative and infective forms. Although TrAK expression seems stable during epimastigotes growth, the enzymatic activity increases during the exponential growth phase and decreases from the stationary phase onwards. No differences were observed in activity or expression levels of TrAK during in vitro differentiation from epimastigotes to infective forms, and no detectable AK expression was observed for blood trypomastigotes. Overexpression of TrAK by T. rangeli showed no effects on the in vitro growth pattern, differentiation to infective forms, or infectivity to mice and triatomines. Although differences in TrAK expression and activity were observed among T. rangeli strains from distinct genetic lineages, our results indicate an up-regulation during parasite replication and putative post-translational myristoylation of this enzyme. We conclude that up-regulation of TrAK activity in epimastigotes appears to improve proliferation fitness, while reduced TrAK expression in blood trypomastigotes may be related to short-term and subpatent parasitemia in mammalian hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carime Lessa Mansur Pontes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Milene Höehr de Moraes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Débora Denardin Lückemeyer
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Glauber Wagner
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Björn Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrícia Hermes Stoco
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Edmundo Carlos Grisard
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Sereia AFR, Christoff AP, Cruz GNF, da Cunha PA, da Cruz GCK, Tartari DC, Zamparette CP, Klein TCR, Masukawa II, Silva CI, E Vieira MLV, Scheffer MC, de Oliveira LFV, Sincero TCM, Grisard EC. Healthcare-Associated Infections-Related Bacteriome and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiling: Assessing Contamination Hotspots in a Developing Country Public Hospital. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:711471. [PMID: 34484149 PMCID: PMC8415557 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.711471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hospital-built environment colonization by healthcare-associated infections-related bacteria (HAIrB) and the interaction with their occupants have been studied to support more effective tools for HAI control. To investigate HAIrB dynamics and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile we carried out a 6-month surveillance program in a developing country public hospital, targeting patients, hospital environment, and healthcare workers, using culture-dependent and culture-independent 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods. The bacterial abundance in both approaches shows that the HAIrB group has important representativeness, with the taxa Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, E. coli, and A. baumannii widely dispersed and abundant over the time at the five different hospital units included in the survey. We observed a high abundance of HAIrB in the patient rectum, hands, and nasal sites. In the healthcare workers, the HAIrB distribution was similar for the hands, protective clothing, and mobile phones. In the hospital environment, the healthcare workers resting areas, bathrooms, and bed equipment presented a wide distribution of HAIrB and AMR, being classified as contamination hotspots. AMR is highest in patients, followed by the environment and healthcare workers. The most frequently detected beta-lactamases genes were, blaSHV–like, blaOXA–23–like, blaOXA–51–like, blaKPC–like, blaCTX–M–1, blaCTX–M–8, and blaCTX–M–9 groups. Our results demonstrate that there is a wide spread of antimicrobial resistance due to HAIrB in the hospital environment, circulating among patients and healthcare workers. The contamination hotspots identified proved to be constant over time. In the fight for patient safety, these findings can reorient practices and help to set up new guidelines for HAI control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Fernanda Rodrigues Sereia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.,BiomeHub, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | - Patrícia Amorim da Cunha
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | - Caetana Paes Zamparette
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopólis, Brazil
| | - Taise Costa Ribeiro Klein
- Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ivete Ioshiko Masukawa
- Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Clarice Iomara Silva
- Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Vieira E Vieira
- Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Mara Cristina Scheffer
- Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edmundo Carlos Grisard
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Fongaro G, Stoco PH, Souza DSM, Grisard EC, Magri ME, Rogovski P, Schörner MA, Barazzetti FH, Christoff AP, de Oliveira LFV, Bazzo ML, Wagner G, Hernández M, Rodríguez-Lázaro D. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in human sewage in Santa Catarina, Brazil, November 2019. Sci Total Environ 2021; 778:146198. [PMID: 33714813 PMCID: PMC7938741 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Human sewage from Florianopolis (Santa Catarina, Brazil) was analyzed for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) from October 2019 until March 2020. Twenty five ml of sewage samples were clarified and viruses concentrated using a glycine buffer method coupled with polyethylene glycol precipitation, and viral RNA extracted using a commercial kit. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected by RT-qPCR using oligonucleotides targeting N1, S and two RdRp regions. The results of all positive samples were further confirmed by a different RT-qPCR system in an independent laboratory. S and RdRp amplicons were sequenced to confirm identity with SARS-CoV-2. Genome sequencing was performed using two strategies; a sequence-independent single-primer amplification (SISPA) approach, and by direct metagenomics using Illumina's NGS. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected on 27th November 2019 (5.49 ± 0.02 log10 SARS-CoV-2 genome copies (GC) L-1), detection being confirmed by an independent laboratory and genome sequencing analysis. The samples in the subsequent three events were positive by all RT-qPCR assays; these positive results were also confirmed by an independent laboratory. The average load was 5.83 ± 0.12 log10 SARS-CoV-2 GC L-1, ranging from 5.49 ± 0.02 log10 GC L-1 (27th November 2019) to 6.68 ± 0.02 log10 GC L-1 (4th March 2020). Our findings demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 was likely circulating undetected in the community in Brazil since November 2019, earlier than the first reported case in the Americas (21st January 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Fongaro
- Applied Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Hermes Stoco
- Protozoology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Imunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Doris Sobral Marques Souza
- Applied Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Edmundo Carlos Grisard
- Protozoology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Imunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisa Magri
- Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Paula Rogovski
- Applied Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcos André Schörner
- Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Serology Laboratory - LBMMS, University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Fernando Hartmann Barazzetti
- Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Serology Laboratory - LBMMS, University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Luiza Bazzo
- Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Serology Laboratory - LBMMS, University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Glauber Wagner
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Departament of Microbiology, Imunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Marta Hernández
- Microbiology Division, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
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5
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Fongaro G, Stoco PH, Souza DSM, Grisard EC, Magri ME, Rogovski P, Schörner MA, Barazzetti FH, Christoff AP, de Oliveira LFV, Bazzo ML, Wagner G, Hernández M, Rodríguez-Lázaro D. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in human sewage in Santa Catarina, Brazil, November 2019. Sci Total Environ 2021. [PMID: 33714813 DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.26.20140731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Human sewage from Florianopolis (Santa Catarina, Brazil) was analyzed for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) from October 2019 until March 2020. Twenty five ml of sewage samples were clarified and viruses concentrated using a glycine buffer method coupled with polyethylene glycol precipitation, and viral RNA extracted using a commercial kit. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected by RT-qPCR using oligonucleotides targeting N1, S and two RdRp regions. The results of all positive samples were further confirmed by a different RT-qPCR system in an independent laboratory. S and RdRp amplicons were sequenced to confirm identity with SARS-CoV-2. Genome sequencing was performed using two strategies; a sequence-independent single-primer amplification (SISPA) approach, and by direct metagenomics using Illumina's NGS. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected on 27th November 2019 (5.49 ± 0.02 log10 SARS-CoV-2 genome copies (GC) L-1), detection being confirmed by an independent laboratory and genome sequencing analysis. The samples in the subsequent three events were positive by all RT-qPCR assays; these positive results were also confirmed by an independent laboratory. The average load was 5.83 ± 0.12 log10 SARS-CoV-2 GC L-1, ranging from 5.49 ± 0.02 log10 GC L-1 (27th November 2019) to 6.68 ± 0.02 log10 GC L-1 (4th March 2020). Our findings demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 was likely circulating undetected in the community in Brazil since November 2019, earlier than the first reported case in the Americas (21st January 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Fongaro
- Applied Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Hermes Stoco
- Protozoology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Imunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Doris Sobral Marques Souza
- Applied Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Edmundo Carlos Grisard
- Protozoology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Imunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisa Magri
- Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Paula Rogovski
- Applied Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcos André Schörner
- Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Serology Laboratory - LBMMS, University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Fernando Hartmann Barazzetti
- Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Serology Laboratory - LBMMS, University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Luiza Bazzo
- Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Serology Laboratory - LBMMS, University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Glauber Wagner
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Departament of Microbiology, Imunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Marta Hernández
- Microbiology Division, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
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Pinheiro GRG, Ferreira LL, Teixeira Silva AL, Cardoso MS, Ferreira-Júnior Á, Steindel M, Grisard EC, Miletti LC, Bartholomeu DC, Bueno LL, Santos RL, Fujiwara RT. A recombinant protein (MyxoTLm) for the serological diagnosis of acute and chronic Trypanosoma vivax infection in cattle. Vet Parasitol 2021; 296:109495. [PMID: 34147019 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human trypanosomiases and animal trypanosomoses are caused by distinct protozoan parasites of the genus Trypanosoma. The etiological agents of bovine trypanosomosis (BT) are T. vivax, T. congolense, or T. brucei, whose acute infections are initially characterized by hyperthermia, following moderate to severe anemia, subcutaneous edema, lethargy, reduced milk production, progressive weight loss, enlarged lymph nodes, reproductive disorders and death. Animals that survive the acute phase might recover and progress to the chronic, often asymptomatic, phase of infection. Despite their low sensitivity due to the characteristic low parasitemia, simple and costless direct parasitological examinations are the preferred diagnostic methods for animals. Thus, most of the epidemiological studies of BT are based on serological techniques using crude antigen. In this study, we describe the use of the MyxoTLm recombinant protein as an antigen on serological assays. Anti-T. vivax IgM and anti-T. vivax IgG ELISA assays using purified MyxoTLm revealed specificity rates of 91.30 % and 95.65 % and sensitivity rates of 82.35 % and 88.23 %, respectively, being higher than reported for crude antigens. Also, MyxoTLm demonstrated a good performance to detect IgM (ROC curve area = 0.8568) and excellent performance to detect IgG (ROC curve area = 0.9565) when compared to a crude antigen. T. evansi crude antigen used in the indirect anti-T. vivax IgM ELISA reached 70.58 % sensitivity and 78.26 % specificity, and had a lower test performance (ROC curve area = 0.7363). When applied to the anti-T. vivax IgG ELISA, the crude antigen reached 82.35 % sensitivity and 69.56 % specificity, also presenting a low performance with area under the ROC curve of 0.7570. Therefore, the use of MyxoTLm as an antigen on serological diagnosis of BT revealed to increase the sensitivity and the specificity if compared to crude antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorena Lopes Ferreira
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Teixeira Silva
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Santos Cardoso
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Ferreira-Júnior
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Mario Steindel
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Edmundo Carlos Grisard
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Luiz Claudio Miletti
- Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Lilian Lacerda Bueno
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renato Lima Santos
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Pinto AO, Carvalho D, Frizzo C, Lopes K, Tessari GB, Catecati T, Dhom-Lemos LC, Pasquali AKS, Quaresma PF, Stoco PH, Grisard EC, Steindel M, Wagner G. First case of canine visceral leishmaniasis in the midwestern of Santa Catarina State, Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e241162. [PMID: 34133561 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.241162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum is transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies and a major zoonotic disease in Brazil. Due to the southward expansion of the disease within the country and the central role of dogs as urban reservoirs of the parasite, we have investigated the occurrence of CVL in two municipalities Erval Velho and Herval d'Oeste in the Midwest region of Santa Catarina state. Peripheral blood samples from 126 dogs were collected in both cities and tested for anti-L. infantum antibodies by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence reaction (IIF) and for the presence of parasite DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in peripheral blood. From examined dogs, 35.71% (45/126) were positive for at least one of the three tests and two (1.6%) were positive in all performed tests. Twelve dogs (9.5%) were positive for both ELISA and IIF, while 21 dogs were exclusively positive for ELISA (16.7%), and 15 (11.9%) for IIF. L. infantum k-DNA was detected by PCR in 9 out of 126 dogs (7.1%) and clinical symptoms compatible with CVL were observed for 6 dogs. Taken together, these results indicate the transmission of CVL in this region, highlighting the needs for epidemiological surveillance and implementation of control measures for CVL transmission in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Pinto
- Programa de Mestrado em Biociências e Saúde, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina - UNOESC, Joaçaba, SC, Brasil.,Curso de Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina - UNOESC, Campos Novos, SC, Brasil
| | - D Carvalho
- Programa de Mestrado em Biociências e Saúde, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina - UNOESC, Joaçaba, SC, Brasil
| | - C Frizzo
- Programa de Mestrado em Biociências e Saúde, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina - UNOESC, Joaçaba, SC, Brasil
| | - K Lopes
- Programa de Mestrado em Biociências e Saúde, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina - UNOESC, Joaçaba, SC, Brasil
| | - G B Tessari
- Curso de Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina - UNOESC, Campos Novos, SC, Brasil
| | - T Catecati
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Universidade do Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - L C Dhom-Lemos
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Universidade do Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - A K S Pasquali
- Curso de Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina - UNOESC, Campos Novos, SC, Brasil
| | - P F Quaresma
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Universidade do Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - P H Stoco
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Universidade do Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - E C Grisard
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Universidade do Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - M Steindel
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Universidade do Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - G Wagner
- Programa de Mestrado em Biociências e Saúde, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina - UNOESC, Joaçaba, SC, Brasil.,Laboratório de Protozoologia, Universidade do Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
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8
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Christoff AP, Cruz GNF, Sereia AFR, Boberg DR, de Bastiani DC, Yamanaka LE, Fongaro G, Stoco PH, Bazzo ML, Grisard EC, Hernandes C, de Oliveira LFV. Swab pooling: A new method for large-scale RT-qPCR screening of SARS-CoV-2 avoiding sample dilution. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246544. [PMID: 33539474 PMCID: PMC7861376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To minimize sample dilution effect on SARS-CoV-2 pool testing, we assessed analytical and diagnostic performance of a new methodology, namely swab pooling. In this method, swabs are pooled at the time of collection, as opposed to pooling of equal volumes from individually collected samples. Paired analysis of pooled and individual samples from 613 patients revealed 94 positive individuals. Having individual testing as reference, no false-positives or false-negatives were observed for swab pooling. In additional 18,922 patients screened with swab pooling (1,344 pools), mean Cq differences between individual and pool samples ranged from 0.1 (Cr.I. -0.98 to 1.17) to 2.09 (Cr.I. 1.24 to 2.94). Overall, 19,535 asymptomatic patients were screened using 4,400 RT-qPCR assays. This corresponds to an increase of 4.4 times in laboratory capacity and a reduction of 77% in required tests. Therefore, swab pooling represents a major alternative for reliable and large-scale screening of SARS-CoV-2 in low prevalence populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis-SC, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Hermes Stoco
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis-SC, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Bazzo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Microbiologia e Sorologia–LBMMS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis-SC, Brazil
| | - Edmundo Carlos Grisard
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis-SC, Brazil
| | - Camila Hernandes
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Prestes EB, Stoco PH, de Moraes MH, Moura H, Grisard EC. Messenger RNA levels of the Polo-like kinase gene (PLK) correlate with cytokinesis in the Trypanosoma rangeli cell cycle. Exp Parasitol 2019; 204:107727. [PMID: 31344389 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.107727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trypanosoma rangeli is a protozoan parasite that is non-virulent to the mammalian host and is morphologically and genomically related to Trypanosoma cruzi, whose proliferation within the mammalian host is controversially discussed. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the T. rangeli cell cycle in vitro and in vivo by characterizing the timespan of the parasite life cycle and by proposing a molecular marker to assess cytokinesis. METHODOLOGY The morphological events and their timing during the cell cycle of T. rangeli epimastigotes were assessed using DNA staining, flagellum labelling and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. Messenger RNA levels of four genes previously associated with the cell cycle of trypanosomatids (AUK1, PLK, MOB1 and TRACK) were evaluated in the different T. rangeli forms. FINDINGS T. rangeli epimastigotes completed the cell cycle in vitro in 20.8 h. PLK emerged as a potential molecular marker for cell division, as its mRNA levels were significantly increased in exponentially growing epimastigotes compared with growth-arrested parasites or in vitro-differentiated trypomastigotes. PLK expression in T. rangeli can be detected near the flagellum protrusion site, reinforcing its role in the cell cycle. Interestingly, T. rangeli bloodstream trypomastigotes exhibited very low mRNA levels of PLK and were almost entirely composed of parasites in G1 phase. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our work is the first to describe the T. rangeli cell cycle in vitro and proposes that PLK mRNA levels could be a useful tool to investigate the T. rangeli ability to proliferate within the mammalian host bloodstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Beatriz Prestes
- Laboratórios de Protozoologia e de Bioinformática, MIP/CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, IMPG/CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Hermes Stoco
- Laboratórios de Protozoologia e de Bioinformática, MIP/CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Milene Höehr de Moraes
- Laboratórios de Protozoologia e de Bioinformática, MIP/CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Hércules Moura
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Edmundo Carlos Grisard
- Laboratórios de Protozoologia e de Bioinformática, MIP/CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Medrano-Mercado N, Medrano TA, Schaub G, Grisard EC, Steindel M. Current prevalence and risk factors related to Chagas disease in Bolivia. RB 2019. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/cs/2019.02.01.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is a major health problem in Bolivia. In this study, we have assessed the prevalence and the risk of infection by T. cruzi in nine Bolivian departments. The overall average seroprevalence was 19.5% (2-32%) being higher in women between 11-20 years old. The T.cruzi genetic lineages infecting humans was 43.4% TcI; 45.4% TcV, 8.5% TcII and 2.7% for TcV and TcII. T. cruzi infection was detected in 49.1% of the 1,671 Triatoma infestans captured within houses, the majority (65%) made of bricks. Among these, 39.5% were TcI, 52.1% TcV, and 8.4% TcII. The assessment on the knowledge about the disease and the etiological agent revealed that 57% of teachers and health workers are aware of the parasite and 64% of the students receive information about CD, among which, 82% were able to recognize triatomines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Medrano-Mercado
- Laboratorio de Chagas e Inmunoparasitologia, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia(1); Ruhr-UniversitätBochum, Bochum, Germany(2); Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Laboratorio de Protozoologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil(3)
| | - Tania Alba Medrano
- Laboratorio de Chagas e Inmunoparasitologia, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia(1); Ruhr-UniversitätBochum, Bochum, Germany(2); Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Laboratorio de Protozoologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil(3)
| | - Guenter Schaub
- Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia(1); Ruhr-UniversitätBochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Mario Steindel
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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11
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Sá ARN, Kimoto KY, Steindel M, Grisard EC, Gomes ML. Limit of detection of PCR/RFLP analysis of cytochrome oxidase II for the identification of genetic groups of Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli in biological material from vertebrate hosts. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:2403-2410. [PMID: 29858942 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5928-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Mixed infections with Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli and their different genetic groups occur frequently in vertebrate hosts and are difficult to detect by serology. In the present study, we evaluated the limit of detection of polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR/RFLP) analysis of cytochrome oxidase II (COII) for the identification of genetic groups of these two parasites in blood and tissue from vertebrate hosts. Reconstitution experiments were performed using human blood (TcI/TcII and KP1+/KP1-) and mouse tissue (TcI/TcII). We tested blood from patients who were in the chronic phase of Chagas disease and tissue from animals that were experimentally infected with all possible combinations of six discrete typing units. In blood samples, T. cruzi and T. rangeli were detected when 5 parasites (pa) were present in the sample, and genetic groups were identified when at least 50 pa were present in the sample. T. cruzi alone could be detected with 1 pa and genotyped (TcI/TcII) with 2 pa. T. rangeli was detected with 2 pa and genotyped (KP+/KP1-) with 25 pa. The present method more readily detected TcII and KP1- in both admixtures and alone. In mouse tissue, TcI and TcII were detected with at least 25 pa. The analysis of blood samples from patients and tissue from animals that were experimentally infected revealed low parasite loads in these hosts, which were below the limit of detection of the present method and could not be genotyped. Our findings indicate that the performance of PCR/RFLP analysis of COII is directly related to the amount and proportion of parasites that are present in the sample and the genetic groups to which the parasites belong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Regina Nichi Sá
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Avenida Colombo, 5790, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, 87 020-900, Brazil. .,Docente do curso de Biomedicina, Centro Universitário Integrado, Rodovia BR 158, KM 207, Campo Mourão, Paraná, 87300-970, Brazil.
| | - Karen Yuki Kimoto
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Avenida Colombo, 5790, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, 87 020-900, Brazil
| | - Mário Steindel
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, s/n - 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Edmundo Carlos Grisard
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, s/n - 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Mônica Lúcia Gomes
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Avenida Colombo, 5790, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, 87 020-900, Brazil.
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Beltrame-Botelho IT, Talavera-López C, Andersson B, Grisard EC, Stoco PH. A Comparative In Silico Study of the Antioxidant Defense Gene Repertoire of Distinct Lifestyle Trypanosomatid Species. Evol Bioinform Online 2016; 12:263-275. [PMID: 27840574 PMCID: PMC5100842 DOI: 10.4137/ebo.s40648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinetoplastids are an ancestral group of protists that contains free-living species and parasites with distinct mechanisms in response to stress. Here, we compared genes involved in antioxidant defense (AD), proposing an evolution model among trypanosomatids. All genes were identified in Bodo saltans, suggesting that AD mechanisms have evolved prior to adaptation for parasitic lifestyles. While most of the monoxenous and dixenous parasites revealed minor differences from B. saltans, the endosymbiont-bearing species have an increased number of genes. The absence of these genes was mainly observed in the extracellular parasites of the genera Phytomonas and Trypanosoma. In trypanosomes, a distinction was observed between stercorarian and salivarian parasites, except for Trypanosoma rangeli. Our analyses indicate that the variability of AD among trypanosomatids at the genomic level is not solely due to the geographical isolation, being mainly related to specific adaptations of their distinct biological cycles within insect vectors and to a parasitism of a wide range of hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Thaís Beltrame-Botelho
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Palhoça, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Björn Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edmundo Carlos Grisard
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Patricia Hermes Stoco
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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13
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Sincero TCM, Stoco PH, Steindel M, Vallejo GA, Grisard EC. Trypanosoma rangeli displays a clonal population structure, revealing a subdivision of KP1(-) strains and the ancestry of the Amazonian group. Int J Parasitol 2015; 45:225-35. [PMID: 25592964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of the genetic variability and population structure of Trypanosoma rangeli, a non-pathogenic American trypanosome, was carried out through microsatellite and single-nucleotide polymorphism analyses. Two approaches were used for microsatellite typing: data mining in expressed sequence tag /open reading frame expressed sequence tags libraries and PCR-based Isolation of Microsatellite Arrays from genomic libraries. All microsatellites found were evaluated for their abundance, frequency and usefulness as markers. Genotyping of T. rangeli strains and clones was performed for 18 loci amplified by PCR from expressed sequence tag/open reading frame expressed sequence tags libraries. The presence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the nuclear, multi-copy, spliced leader gene was assessed in 18 T. rangeli strains, and the results show that T. rangeli has a predominantly clonal population structure, allowing a robust phylogenetic analysis. Microsatellite typing revealed a subdivision of the KP1(-) genetic group, which may be influenced by geographical location and/or by the co-evolution of parasite and vectors occurring within the same geographical areas. The hypothesis of parasite-vector co-evolution was corroborated by single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis of the spliced leader gene. Taken together, the results suggest three T. rangeli groups: (i) the T. rangeli Amazonian group; (ii) the T. rangeli KP1(-) group; and (iii) the T. rangeli KP1(+) group. The latter two groups possibly evolved from the Amazonian group to produce KP1(+) and KP1(-) strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Cristine Marques Sincero
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Departamento de Análises Clínicas (ACL), Setor E, Bloco K, Florianópolis, SC 88.040-970, Brazil.
| | - Patricia Hermes Stoco
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (MIP), Setor F, Bloco A, Florianópolis, SC 88.040-970, Brazil
| | - Mário Steindel
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (MIP), Setor F, Bloco A, Florianópolis, SC 88.040-970, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Adolfo Vallejo
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Parasitología Tropical, Universidad del Tolima, Altos de Santa Helena, A.A. 546, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Edmundo Carlos Grisard
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (MIP), Setor F, Bloco A, Florianópolis, SC 88.040-970, Brazil.
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14
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Stoco PH, Wagner G, Talavera-Lopez C, Gerber A, Zaha A, Thompson CE, Bartholomeu DC, Lückemeyer DD, Bahia D, Loreto E, Prestes EB, Lima FM, Rodrigues-Luiz G, Vallejo GA, Filho JFDS, Schenkman S, Monteiro KM, Tyler KM, de Almeida LGP, Ortiz MF, Chiurillo MA, de Moraes MH, Cunha ODL, Mendonça-Neto R, Silva R, Teixeira SMR, Murta SMF, Sincero TCM, Mendes TADO, Urmenyi TP, Silva VG, DaRocha WD, Andersson B, Romanha ÁJ, Steindel M, de Vasconcelos ATR, Grisard EC. Genome of the avirulent human-infective trypanosome--Trypanosoma rangeli. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3176. [PMID: 25233456 PMCID: PMC4169256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trypanosoma rangeli is a hemoflagellate protozoan parasite infecting humans and other wild and domestic mammals across Central and South America. It does not cause human disease, but it can be mistaken for the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi. We have sequenced the T. rangeli genome to provide new tools for elucidating the distinct and intriguing biology of this species and the key pathways related to interaction with its arthropod and mammalian hosts. Methodology/Principal Findings The T. rangeli haploid genome is ∼24 Mb in length, and is the smallest and least repetitive trypanosomatid genome sequenced thus far. This parasite genome has shorter subtelomeric sequences compared to those of T. cruzi and T. brucei; displays intraspecific karyotype variability and lacks minichromosomes. Of the predicted 7,613 protein coding sequences, functional annotations could be determined for 2,415, while 5,043 are hypothetical proteins, some with evidence of protein expression. 7,101 genes (93%) are shared with other trypanosomatids that infect humans. An ortholog of the dcl2 gene involved in the T. brucei RNAi pathway was found in T. rangeli, but the RNAi machinery is non-functional since the other genes in this pathway are pseudogenized. T. rangeli is highly susceptible to oxidative stress, a phenotype that may be explained by a smaller number of anti-oxidant defense enzymes and heat-shock proteins. Conclusions/Significance Phylogenetic comparison of nuclear and mitochondrial genes indicates that T. rangeli and T. cruzi are equidistant from T. brucei. In addition to revealing new aspects of trypanosome co-evolution within the vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, comparative genomic analysis with pathogenic trypanosomatids provides valuable new information that can be further explored with the aim of developing better diagnostic tools and/or therapeutic targets. Comparative genomics is a powerful tool that affords detailed study of the genetic and evolutionary basis for aspects of lifecycles and pathologies caused by phylogenetically related pathogens. The reference genome sequences of three trypanosomatids, T. brucei, T. cruzi and L. major, and subsequent addition of multiple Leishmania and Trypanosoma genomes has provided data upon which large-scale investigations delineating the complex systems biology of these human parasites has been built. Here, we compare the annotated genome sequence of T. rangeli strain SC-58 to available genomic sequence and annotation data from related species. We provide analysis of gene content, genome architecture and key characteristics associated with the biology of this non-pathogenic trypanosome. Moreover, we report striking new genomic features of T. rangeli compared with its closest relative, T. cruzi, such as (1) considerably less amplification on the gene copy number within multigene virulence factor families such as MASPs, trans-sialidases and mucins; (2) a reduced repertoire of genes encoding anti-oxidant defense enzymes; and (3) the presence of vestigial orthologs of the RNAi machinery, which are insufficient to constitute a functional pathway. Overall, the genome of T. rangeli provides for a much better understanding of the identity, evolution, regulation and function of trypanosome virulence determinants for both mammalian host and insect vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Hermes Stoco
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- * E-mail: (PHS); (ECG)
| | - Glauber Wagner
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Joaçaba, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Carlos Talavera-Lopez
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Gerber
- Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Zaha
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Diana Bahia
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elgion Loreto
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Mitsuo Lima
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Sérgio Schenkman
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Kevin Morris Tyler
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, Health Policy and Practice, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mauro Freitas Ortiz
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Miguel Angel Chiurillo
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto, Venezuela
| | | | | | | | - Rosane Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Turán Peter Urmenyi
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Björn Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Álvaro José Romanha
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mário Steindel
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Edmundo Carlos Grisard
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- * E-mail: (PHS); (ECG)
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15
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Romero I, Téllez J, Yamanaka LE, Steindel M, Romanha AJ, Grisard EC. Transsulfuration is an active pathway for cysteine biosynthesis in Trypanosoma rangeli. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:197. [PMID: 24761813 PMCID: PMC4005819 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cysteine, a sulfur-containing amino acid, plays an important role in a variety of cellular functions such as protein biosynthesis, methylation, and polyamine and glutathione syntheses. In trypanosomatids, glutathione is conjugated with spermidine to form the specific antioxidant thiol trypanothione (T[SH]2) that plays a central role in maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis and providing defence against oxidative stress. Methods We cloned and characterised genes coding for a cystathionine β-synthase (CβS) and cysteine synthase (CS), key enzymes of the transsulfuration and assimilatory pathways, respectively, from the hemoflagellate protozoan parasite Trypanosoma rangeli. Results Our results show that T. rangeli CβS (TrCβS), similar to its homologs in T. cruzi, contains the catalytic domain essential for enzymatic activity. Unlike the enzymes in bacteria, plants, and other parasites, T. rangeli CS lacks two of the four lysine residues (Lys26 and Lys184) required for activity. Enzymatic studies using T. rangeli extracts confirmed the absence of CS activity but confirmed the expression of an active CβS. Moreover, CβS biochemical assays revealed that the T. rangeli CβS enzyme also has serine sulfhydrylase activity. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that the RTS pathway is active in T. rangeli, suggesting that this may be the only pathway for cysteine biosynthesis in this parasite. In this sense, the RTS pathway appears to have an important functional role during the insect stage of the life cycle of this protozoan parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibeth Romero
- Laboratórios de Protozoologia e de Bioinformática, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-970, Brasil.
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16
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de Sá ARN, Steindel M, Demeu LMK, Lückemeyer DD, Grisard EC, Neto QADL, de Araújo SM, Toledo MJDO, Gomes ML. Cytochrome oxidase subunit 2 gene allows simultaneous detection and typing of Trypanosoma rangeli and Trypanosoma cruzi. Parasit Vectors 2013; 6:363. [PMID: 24360167 PMCID: PMC3891993 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The parasites Trypanosoma rangeli and Trypanosoma cruzi share vectors and hosts over a wide geographical area in Latin America. In this study, we propose a single molecular approach for simultaneous detection and typing of T. rangeli and T. cruzi. Methods A restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II gene (COII-RFLP) using enzyme AluI and different amounts of DNA from the major genetic groups of T. rangeli and T. cruzi (KP1+/KP1- and DTU-I/DTU-II) was carried out. The same marker was tested on the other T. cruzi DTUs (DTU-III to DTU-VI) and on DNA extracted from gut contents of experimentally infected triatomines. Results The COII PCR generates a ~400 bp fragment, which after digestion with AluI (COII-RFLP) can be used to distinguish T. rangeli from T. cruzi and simultaneously differentiate the major genetic groups of T. rangeli (KP1+ and KP1-) and T. cruzi (DTU-I and DTU-II). The COII-RFLP generated bands of ~120 bp and ~280 bp for KP1+, whereas for KP1- no amplicon cleavage was observed. For T. cruzi, digestion of COII revealed a ~300 bp band for DTU-I and a ~250 bp band for DTU-II. For DTU-III to DTU-VI, COII-RFLP generated bands ranging from ~310 to ~330 bp, but the differentiation of these DTUs was not as clear as the separation between DTU-I and DTU-II. After AluI digestion, a species-specific fragment of ~80 bp was observed for all DTUs of T. cruzi. No cross-amplification was observed for Leishmania spp., T. vivax or T. evansi. Conclusions The COII-RFLP allowed simultaneous detection and typing of T. rangeli and T. cruzi strains according to their major genetic groups (KP1+/KP1- and DTU-I/DTU-II) in vitro and in vivo, providing a reliable and sensitive tool for epidemiological studies in areas where T. rangeli and T. cruzi coexist.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mônica Lúcia Gomes
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Av, Colombo, 5790, Zona 7, CEP: 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
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Marinotti O, Cerqueira GC, de Almeida LGP, Ferro MIT, Loreto ELDS, Zaha A, Teixeira SMR, Wespiser AR, Almeida E Silva A, Schlindwein AD, Pacheco ACL, Silva ALDCD, Graveley BR, Walenz BP, Lima BDA, Ribeiro CAG, Nunes-Silva CG, de Carvalho CR, Soares CMDA, de Menezes CBA, Matiolli C, Caffrey D, Araújo DAM, de Oliveira DM, Golenbock D, Grisard EC, Fantinatti-Garboggini F, de Carvalho FM, Barcellos FG, Prosdocimi F, May G, Azevedo Junior GMD, Guimarães GM, Goldman GH, Padilha IQM, Batista JDS, Ferro JA, Ribeiro JMC, Fietto JLR, Dabbas KM, Cerdeira L, Agnez-Lima LF, Brocchi M, de Carvalho MO, Teixeira MDM, Diniz Maia MDM, Goldman MHS, Cruz Schneider MP, Felipe MSS, Hungria M, Nicolás MF, Pereira M, Montes MA, Cantão ME, Vincentz M, Rafael MS, Silverman N, Stoco PH, Souza RC, Vicentini R, Gazzinelli RT, Neves RDO, Silva R, Astolfi-Filho S, Maciel TEF, Urményi TP, Tadei WP, Camargo EP, de Vasconcelos ATR. The genome of Anopheles darlingi, the main neotropical malaria vector. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:7387-400. [PMID: 23761445 PMCID: PMC3753621 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Anopheles darlingi is the principal neotropical malaria vector, responsible for more than a million cases of malaria per year on the American continent. Anopheles darlingi diverged from the African and Asian malaria vectors ∼100 million years ago (mya) and successfully adapted to the New World environment. Here we present an annotated reference A. darlingi genome, sequenced from a wild population of males and females collected in the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 10 481 predicted protein-coding genes were annotated, 72% of which have their closest counterpart in Anopheles gambiae and 21% have highest similarity with other mosquito species. In spite of a long period of divergent evolution, conserved gene synteny was observed between A. darlingi and A. gambiae. More than 10 million single nucleotide polymorphisms and short indels with potential use as genetic markers were identified. Transposable elements correspond to 2.3% of the A. darlingi genome. Genes associated with hematophagy, immunity and insecticide resistance, directly involved in vector–human and vector–parasite interactions, were identified and discussed. This study represents the first effort to sequence the genome of a neotropical malaria vector, and opens a new window through which we can contemplate the evolutionary history of anopheline mosquitoes. It also provides valuable information that may lead to novel strategies to reduce malaria transmission on the South American continent. The A. darlingi genome is accessible at www.labinfo.lncc.br/index.php/anopheles-darlingi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Marinotti
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA, Institute of Technology, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA, Laboratório de Bioinformática do Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Petrópolis, RJ 25651-075, Brasil, Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, UNESP -Universidade Estadual Paulista, SP 14884-900, Brasil, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brasil, Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brasil, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270901, Brasil, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA, Laboratório de Entomologia Médica IPEPATRO/FIOCRUZ, Porto Velho, RO 76812-245, Brasil, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brasil, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 62042-280, Brasil, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Senador Helvídio Nunes de Barros, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Picos, PI 60740-000, Brasil, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA 66075-900, Brasil, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA, Informatics, The J. Craig Venter Institute, Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA, Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brasil, Departamento de Genética e Melhoramento, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brasil, Centro de Apoio Mul
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Prestes EB, Bayer-Santos E, Hermes Stoco P, Sincero TCM, Wagner G, Umaki A, Fragoso SP, Bordignon J, Steindel M, Grisard EC. Trypanosoma rangeli protein tyrosine phosphatase is associated with the parasite's flagellum. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2013; 107:713-9. [PMID: 22990958 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762012000600002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) play an essential role in the regulation of cell differentiation in pathogenic trypanosomatids. In this study, we describe a PTP expressed by the non-pathogenic protozoan Trypanosoma rangeli (TrPTP2). The gene for this PTP is orthologous to the T. brucei TbPTP1 and Trypanosoma cruzi (TcPTP2) genes. Cloning and expression of the TrPTP2 and TcPTP2 proteins allowed anti-PTP2 monoclonal antibodies to be generated in BALB/c mice. When expressed by T. rangeli epimastigotes and trypomastigotes, native TrPTP2 is detected as a ~65 kDa protein associated with the parasite's flagellum. Given that the flagellum is an important structure for cell differentiation in trypanosomatids, the presence of a protein responsible for tyrosine dephosphorylation in the T. rangeli flagellum could represent an interesting mechanism of regulation in this structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Beatriz Prestes
- Laboratórios de Protozoologia e de Bioinformática, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
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Wagner G, Eiko Yamanaka L, Moura H, Denardin Lückemeyer D, Schlindwein AD, Hermes Stoco P, Bunselmeyer Ferreira H, Robert Barr J, Steindel M, Grisard EC. The Trypanosoma rangeli trypomastigote surfaceome reveals novel proteins and targets for specific diagnosis. J Proteomics 2013; 82:52-63. [PMID: 23466310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sympatric distribution and sharing of hosts and antigens by Trypanosoma rangeli and Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas' disease, often incur in misdiagnosis and improper epidemiological inferences. Many secreted and surface proteins (SP) have been described as important antigens shared by these species. This work describes the T. rangeli surfaceome obtained by gel-free (LC-ESI-MS/MS) and gel-based (GeLC-ESI-MS/MS) proteomic approaches, and immunoblotting analyses and the comparison of these SP with T. cruzi. A total of 138 T. rangeli proteins and 343 T. cruzi proteins were obtained, among which, 42 and 157 proteins were exclusively identified in T. rangeli or T. cruzi trypomastigotes, respectively. Immunoblotting assays using sera from experimentally infected mice revealed a distinct band pattern for each species. MS/MS analysis of T. rangeli exclusive bands revealed two unique GP63-related proteins and flagellar calcium-binding protein. Also, a ~32kDa band composed of 12 distinct proteins was exclusively recognized by anti-T. cruzi serum. This highly sensitive proteomic assessment of surface proteins characterized the T. rangeli surfaceome, revealing several differences and similarities between these two parasites. The study reports new T. rangeli-specific proteins with promising use in differential diagnosis from T. cruzi. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this manuscript, we report the first proteomic analysis of the T. rangeli surface (surfaceome), a non-pathogenic parasite occurring in sympatry with T. cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. This comparative proteomic analysis was performed using high-throughput in-gel and gel-free proteomic approaches combined with immunoblotting, allowing us to identify new T. rangeli-specific proteins with promising use in differential serodiagnosis, among several other protein not previously reported for this taxon. Additionally, cross-recognition assays showed that T. cruzi surface proteins were recognized by heterologous serum (anti-T. rangeli) that strengthens the possibility of misdiagnosis of Chagas disease in humans and other mammals. Thus, this work provides new insights to understand the serological cross-reactivity between T. cruzi and T. rangeli, as well as, the identification of targets for specific T. rangeli diagnosis as revealed by the comparative surfaceome analysis. We strongly believe that this research is of importance to the readers of Journal of Proteomics since it provides new potential markers for diagnosis of both T. cruzi and T. rangeli parasites increasing the spectrum of specific targets for unambiguous diagnosis of T. rangeli and T. cruzi infections, besides describing new approaches to assess the trypanosomatids proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glauber Wagner
- Laboratórios de Protozoologia e de Bioinformática, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Marlow MA, da Silva Mattos M, Makowiecky ME, Eger I, Rossetto AL, Grisard EC, Steindel M. Divergent profile of emerging cutaneous leishmaniasis in subtropical Brazil: new endemic areas in the southern frontier. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56177. [PMID: 23457521 PMCID: PMC3572950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although known to be highly endemic in the Amazon regions of Brazil, the presence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in the subtropical southern part of the country has largely been ignored. This study was conducted to demonstrate CL is emerging in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina, as well as to characterize the epidemiological profile and Leishmania species involved. Methodology/Principal Findings For this cross-sectional study, data from all CL cases from Santa Catarina, Brazil, reported to the Brazilian National Notifiable Diseases Information System from 2001 to 2009 were investigated. Amplification of the kDNA minicircle conserved region followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was conducted to screen for Leishmania species present in patient biopsy. Overall, 542 CL cases were reported, with majority resulting from autochthonous transmission (n = 401, 73.99%) and occurring in urban zones (n = 422, 77.86%). Age, gender, zone of residence, origin of case, clinical form and case outcome were found to differ significantly by region. Imported cases were over seven times more likely to relapse (95% CI 2.56–21.09). Mapping of cases revealed new endemic areas in northeastern Santa Catarina with two species present. With the exception of three L. (Leishmania) amazonensis cases (1.20%), majority of PCR positive samples were found to be L. (Viannia) braziliensis (n = 248, 98.80%). Conclusions/Significance CL is now endemic in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, with case profiles varying significantly by region. L. (V.) braziliensis has been identified as the predominant species in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Asbury Marlow
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Marise da Silva Mattos
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Ernestina Makowiecky
- Department of Zoonoses, Diretoria de Vigilância Epidemiológica, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Iriane Eger
- Center for Health Sciences, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Brazil
| | | | - Edmundo Carlos Grisard
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Mário Steindel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Lüchmann KH, Mattos JJ, Siebert MN, Dorrington TS, Toledo-Silva G, Stoco PH, Grisard EC, Bainy ACD. Suppressive subtractive hybridization libraries prepared from the digestive gland of the oyster Crassostrea brasiliana exposed to a diesel fuel water-accommodated fraction. Environ Toxicol Chem 2012; 31:1249-1253. [PMID: 22505345 DOI: 10.1002/etc.1837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Diesel fuel can cause adverse effects in marine invertebrates by mechanisms that are not clearly understood. The authors used suppressive subtractive hybridization to identify genes up- and downregulated in Crassostrea brasiliana exposed to diesel fuel. Genes putatively involved in protein regulation, innate immune, and stress response, were altered by diesel challenge. Three genes regulated by diesel were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. This study sheds light on transcriptomic responses of oysters to diesel pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Hahn Lüchmann
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, NEPAQ, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Stoco PH, Aresi C, Lückemeyer DD, Sperandio MM, Sincero TCM, Steindel M, Miletti LC, Grisard EC. Trypanosoma rangeli expresses a β-galactofuranosyl transferase. Exp Parasitol 2011; 130:246-52. [PMID: 22210157 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Glycoconjugates play essential roles in cell recognition, infectivity and survival of protozoan parasites within their insect vectors and mammalian hosts. β-galactofuranose is a component of several glycoconjugates in many organisms, including a variety of trypanosomatids, but is absent in mammalian and African trypanosomes. Herein, we describe the presence of a β(1-3) galactofuranosyl transferase (GALFT), an important enzyme of the galactofuranose biosynthetic pathway, in Trypanosoma rangeli. The T. rangeli GALFT gene (TrGALFT) has an ORF of 1.2 Kb and is organized in two copies in the T. rangeli genome. Antibodies raised against an internal fragment of the transferase demonstrated a 45 kDa protein coded by TrGALFT was localized in the whole cytoplasm, mainly in the Golgi apparatus and equally expressed in epimastigotes and trypomastigotes from T. rangeli. Despite the high sequence similarity with Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. orthologous TrGALFT showed a substitution of the metal-binding DXD motif, conserved amongst glycosyltransferases, for a DXE functionally analogous motif. Moreover, a reduced number of GALFT genes were present in T. rangeli when compared with other pathogenic kinetoplastid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Hermes Stoco
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-970, Brazil.
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Steindel M, Kramer Pacheco L, Scholl D, Soares M, de Moraes MH, Eger I, Kosmann C, Sincero TCM, Stoco PH, Murta SMF, de Carvalho-Pinto CJ, Grisard EC. Characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi isolated from humans, vectors, and animal reservoirs following an outbreak of acute human Chagas disease in Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 60:25-32. [PMID: 17889480 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2007] [Revised: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 07/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
During March 2005, 24 cases of acute human Chagas disease were detected in Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil, all of them related to the ingestion of Trypanosoma cruzi-contaminated sugar cane juice. Following field studies allowed the isolation of 13 T. cruzi strains from humans, opossums (Didelphis aurita and Didelphis albiventris), and vectors (Triatoma tibiamaculata). The isolated strains were characterized by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) and analysis of the spliced-leader and 24Salpha rRNA genes. The assays revealed that all strains isolated from humans belong to the TcII group but revealed a TcII variant pattern for the phosphoglucomutase enzyme. Strains isolated from opossums also showed a TcI profile in all analysis, but strains isolated from triatomines revealed a mixed TcI/TcII profile by MLEE. No indication of the presence of Trypanosoma rangeli was observed in any assay. Considering that mixed strains (TcI/TcII) were isolated from triatomines in an area without active vectorial transmission to humans and that all strains isolated from humans belong to the TcII group, our results show that T. cruzi TcI and TcII groups are circulating among reservoirs and vectors in southern Brazil and indicate that selection toward TcII group in humans may occur after ingestion of a mixed (TcI/TcII) T. cruzi population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Steindel
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
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Beltrame-Botelho IT, Gaspar-Silva D, Steindel M, Dávila AMR, Grisard EC. Internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of Trypanosoma rangeli ribosomal DNA (rDNA): a useful marker for inter-specific differentiation. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2005; 5:17-28. [PMID: 15567135 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2004.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2003] [Revised: 05/19/2004] [Accepted: 05/26/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The internal transcribed spacers (ITS) flanking the 5.8S subunit of the ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) of Trypanosoma rangeli strains isolated from distinct geographical regions and hosts were studied. The results revealed the sequence variability of the ITS spacers showing the presence of microsatellite repeats and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), which were also observed within the 5.8S rDNA sequence. ITS-2 spacer was the most phylogenetically informative region due the presence of a higher number of parsimonious sites in both inter- and intra-specific analysis. Sequence analysis of both ITS spacers plus the 5.8S rDNA of T. rangeli strains allowed a clear inter-specific differentiation from Trypanosoma cruzi strains representative of the parasite zymodemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I T Beltrame-Botelho
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Caixa Postal 476, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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25
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Bordignon J, Brasil-Dos-Anjos G, Bueno CR, Salvatiera-Oporto J, Dávila AMR, Grisard EC, Zanetti CR. Detection and characterization of rabies virus in Southern Brazil by PCR amplification and sequencing of the nucleoprotein gene. Arch Virol 2004; 150:695-708. [PMID: 15614435 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-004-0448-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2004] [Accepted: 10/13/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Due to the medical and socio-economical importance of both human and animal rabies infection, several studies have suggested the use of molecular techniques such as RT-PCR and DNA sequencing for diagnosis and phylogenetic studies of the rabies virus. Considering the conservancy of the nucleoprotein (N) gene of the virus, we herein describe a RT-PCR assay for rabies diagnosis and characterization. A total of 75 samples obtained from a variety of animal species in the state of Santa Catarina (SC), Southern Brazil, were comparatively studied by fluorescence antibody test (FAT), mouse inoculation test (MIT), cell infection assay and RT-PCR, which revealed itself to be as sensitive as FAT and MIT and less time-consuming than MIT. Direct sequencing of the 5' end of the N gene allowed the clustering of the SC samples with samples from the vampire bat-related or sylvatic cycle through comparative sequence analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bordignon
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Snoeijer CQ, Picchi GF, Dambrós BP, Steindel M, Goldenberg S, Fragoso SP, Lorenzini DM, Grisard EC. Trypanosoma rangeli Transcriptome Project: Generation and analysis of expressed sequence tags. Kinetoplastid Biol Dis 2004; 3:1. [PMID: 15142279 PMCID: PMC419976 DOI: 10.1186/1475-9292-3-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2004] [Accepted: 05/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma rangeli is an important hemoflagellate parasite of several mammalian species in Central and South America, sharing geographical areas, vectors and reservoirs with T. cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. Thus, the occurrence of single and/or mixed infections, including in humans, must be expected and are of great importance for specific diagnosis and epidemiology. In comparison to several Trypanosomatidae species, the T. rangeli biology and genome are little known, reinforcing the needs of a gene discovery initiative. The T. rangeli transcriptome initiative aims to promote gene discovery through the generation of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and Orestes (ORF ESTs) from both epimastigote and trypomastigote forms of the parasite, allowing further studies of the parasite biology, taxonomy and phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Quimelli Snoeijer
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Caixa postal 476, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 88040-900
| | | | - Bibiana Paula Dambrós
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Caixa postal 476, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 88040-900
| | - Mário Steindel
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Caixa postal 476, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 88040-900
| | | | | | - Daniel Macedo Lorenzini
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Caixa postal 476, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 88040-900
| | - Edmundo Carlos Grisard
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Caixa postal 476, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 88040-900
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Portela LVC, Tort ABL, Walz R, Bianchin M, Trevisol-Bittencourt PC, Wille PR, Cardoso RC, Ishida MMI, vonWangenheim A, Grisard EC, Steindel M, Gonçalves CA, Souza DO. Interictal serum S100B levels in chronic neurocysticercosis and idiopathic epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand 2003; 108:424-7. [PMID: 14616295 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0404.2003.00159.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether serum S100B levels could reflect a glial response in patients with epilepsy secondary to neurocysticercosis (NCC) and with idiopathic epilepsy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Serum S100B levels were measured using an immunoluminometric assay in 20 patients with focal epilepsy related to chronic NCC (NCC group), and 19 patients with focal epilepsy (EPI group), matched by epidemiological and clinical data. Epileptic patients were compared with 20 healthy controls (CON group) matched by age and sex. RESULTS No difference was observed in S100B levels among NCC, EPI and CON groups (P>0.39). Serum S100B levels were not affected by antiepileptic drugs, frequency and type of seizures. Preliminarily, significantly higher levels of S100B were observed in patients with bilateral electroencephalographic (EEG) findings than in patients with unilateral and normal EEG findings (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Serum S100B is normal in patients with focal epilepsy related or not to chronic NCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V C Portela
- Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Maegawa FAB, Damerau EF, Beltrame-Botelho IT, Lopes A, Emmanuelle-Machado P, Steindel M, Grisard EC. Autochthonous Chagas' disease in Santa Catarina State, Brazil: report of the first case of digestive tract involvement. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2003; 36:609-12. [PMID: 14576876 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822003000500011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first case of digestive tract pathology (megaesophagus) determined by Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil. A 63-year- old female had presumptive clinical diagnosis of Chagas' disease, which was confirmed by imaging (endoscopy and esophagogram) and immunological methods. Further molecular diagnosis was carried out with esophagus and blood samples collected during corrective surgery. Polymerase chain reaction tested positive for Trypanosoma cruzi in both esophagus and buffy coat samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Antonio Boff Maegawa
- Departamento de Clínica Cirúrgica do Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Abstract
Trypanosomes isolated from South American bats include the human pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi. Other Trypanosoma spp. that have been found exclusively in bats are not well characterized at the DNA sequence level and we have therefore used the SL RNA gene to differentiate and characterize kinetoplastids isolated from bats in South America. A Trypanosoma sp. isolated from hats in southern Brazil was compared with the geographically diverse isolates T. cruzi marinkellei, T. vespertilionis, and T. dionisii. Analysis of the SL RNA gene repeats revealed size and sequence variability among these bat trypanosomes. We have developed hybridization probes to separate these bat isolates and have analysed the DNA sequence data to estimate their relatedness. A new species, Trypanosoma desterrensis sp. n., is proposed, for which a 5S rRNA gene was also found within the SL RNA repeat.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Grisard
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1747, USA.
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30
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Dubey JP, Sreekumar C, Rosenthal BM, Lindsay DS, Grisard EC, Vitor RWA. Biological and molecular characterization of Besnoitia akodoni n.sp. (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) from the rodent Akodon montensis in Brazil. Parassitologia 2003; 45:61-70. [PMID: 15266998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The diversity among coccidian parasites of the genus Besnoitia is incompletely known. Of the eight currently described members of the genus, only B. jellisoni is known to parasitize a rodent host. Here, we propose a new name, Besnoitia akodoni, for the species initially isolated form the rodent Akodon montensis in Brazil. The tissue cysts of B. akodoni were up to 442 microm in diameter and bradyzoites were 8.4 x 1.4 microm in size. The bradyzoites contained enigmatic bodies, micronemes and rhoptries. Tachyzoites were 5.8 x 1.5 microm in size and they could be grown in vitro in bovine monocytes and African Green monkey cells where they divided by endodyogeny. Besnoitia akodoni was infective to laboratory-raised mice (Mus musculus) and gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) but not to cats (Felis catus). Comparison of the conserved sequences of the small subunit rDNA clearly established the close relationship of B. akodoni with other members of the genus. However, sequences of the more variable first internal transcribed spacer portion of the ribosomal DNA repeat support its differentiation from the other species of the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Dubey
- United United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA.
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31
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Vallejo GA, Guhl F, Carranza JC, Moreno J, Triana O, Grisard EC. Parity between kinetoplast DNA and mini-exon gene sequences supports either clonal evolution or speciation in Trypanosoma rangeli strains isolated from Rhodnius colombiensis, R. pallescens and R. prolixus in Colombia. Infect Genet Evol 2003; 3:39-45. [PMID: 12797971 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-1348(02)00150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma rangeli are kinetoplastid protozoa which have been largely recognized and defined in several Latin American countries in relation to T. cruzi, because the two trypanosome species are frequently found in mixed infections in triatominae vectors, humans and a variety of wild and domestic mammals. We report the molecular characterization of 18 T. rangeli strains isolated from the salivary glands of naturally infected Rhodnius colombiensis, R. pallescens and R. prolixus by using two independent set of molecular markers. kDNA and mini-exon amplification indicated dimorphism within both DNA sequences: KP1, KP2 and KP3 or KP2 and KP3 products for kDNA mini-circles and 380 or 340bp products for the mini-exon. One of two associations was observed within individual strains: KP1, KP2 and KP3 kDNA products with the 340bp mini-exon product and the KP2 and KP3 kDNA products with the 380bp mini-exon product. Independent mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers showed a clear division of T. rangeli into two major phylogenetic groups associated with specific vectors in Colombia and in other Latin America countries. These results support either clonal evolution or speciation in T. rangeli populations, probably derived as a secondary adaptation to their parasitic condition in triatomine vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Adolfo Vallejo
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Parasitología Tropical, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia.
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32
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Pizzolatti MG, Koga AH, Grisard EC, Steindel M. Trypanocidal activity of extracts from Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest plant species. Phytomedicine 2003; 10:422-426. [PMID: 12834008 DOI: 10.1078/0944-7113-00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The trypanocidal activity of crude hydro alcoholic extracts and several fractions of 13 plants from Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest were tested in vitro against epimastigote and trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. Crude ethanol extracts with promising in vitro activity (DL50 between 5-10 microg/ml) against epimastigotes were fractionated by solvent partition and further tested against bloodstream form of the parasite. Activity against bloodstream parasites was observed in both dichloromethane and hexane fractions of Polygala sabulosa and P. paniculata.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Pizzolatti
- Department de Química, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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33
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Eger-Mangrich I, de Oliveira MA, Grisard EC, De Souza W, Steindel M. Interaction of Trypanosoma rangeli Tejera, 1920 with different cell lines in vitro. Parasitol Res 2001; 87:505-9. [PMID: 11411954 DOI: 10.1007/s004360000356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular multiplication of Trypanosoma rangeli was evaluated in vitro using experimental infection of Vero cells, murine macrophages, and promonocytes with T. rangeli Choachi, Macias, and SC-58 clone B1 strains. Our results revealed a low infectivity of all T. rangeli strains to these cell lines. Macrophages showed the highest infection rate; however, intracellular forms were no longer observed 48 h post infection Despite the observation of intracellular parasites up to 144 h post infection, the infection rates of Vero cells and J774G.8 promonocytes with these parasite strains were always below 5%. Pre-incubation of parasites with normal mouse serum increased the initial infectivity but not the time course of the infection. Under our experimental conditions, we did not observe any evidence of intracellular multiplication of T. rangeli within these cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Eger-Mangrich
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil
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34
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Machado PE, Eger-Mangrich I, Rosa G, Koerich LB, Grisard EC, Steindel M. Differential susceptibility of triatomines of the genus Rhodnius to Trypanosoma rangeli strains from different geographical origins. Int J Parasitol 2001; 31:632-4. [PMID: 11334954 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(01)00150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The susceptibility of four Rhodnius species to different Trypanosoma rangeli strains was evaluated using both intracoelomic inoculation and oral infection. Rhodnius prolixus, Rhodnius domesticus, Rhodnius neglectus and Rhodnius nasutus were infected with Trypanosoma rangeli Macias (Venezuela), Choachi (Colombia) and SC-58 (Brazil) strains, revealing distinct haemolymph and salivary glands infection rates. The obtained infection rates were revealed to be dependent on the method of infection and the triatomine species. Our results suggest the existence of a high adaptation between the strain and the local vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Machado
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Caixa Postal 476, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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35
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Abstract
The phylogenetic placement of the genus Diplonema in relation to fellow phylum members Euglena and Trypanosoma has been uncertain. The spliced leader RNA gene, present in the euglenids and kinetoplastids in distinct forms, was a potential target for resolving this question. The first indication supporting a closer relationship to the kinetoplastids was the recognition of potential spliced leader RNA exon sequences in the genomic DNA of two Diplonema isolates. Examination of total cell RNA revealed transcripts in the anticipated size range at approximately 120 and 130 nt. Specific PCR amplification of a spliced leader RNA gene repeat was performed. The hallmark features of the kinetoplastid-type spliced leader RNA, specifically the 39-nt exon, splice-donor site, Sm-binding site and poly-T tract and the potential to form the requisite stem-loop structures, were found. Diplonema spp. are different from the kinetoplastids by virtue of C residues at positions 4 and 18 in the exon. While the intergenic spacer regions varied in size, each contained the complete sequence or remnants of a 5S ribosomal RNA gene. Possession of a functional spliced leader RNA gene of the kinetoplastid variety in Diplonema supports a closer evolutionary relationship with this group than with the euglenids.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- DNA, Kinetoplast/chemistry
- DNA, Kinetoplast/genetics
- DNA, Protozoan/chemistry
- DNA, Protozoan/genetics
- Eukaryota/chemistry
- Eukaryota/classification
- Eukaryota/genetics
- Kinetoplastida/chemistry
- Kinetoplastida/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Protozoan/chemistry
- RNA, Protozoan/genetics
- RNA, Protozoan/isolation & purification
- RNA, Ribosomal, 5S/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal, 5S/genetics
- RNA, Spliced Leader/chemistry
- RNA, Spliced Leader/genetics
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Sturm
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-1747, USA
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36
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Schlemper BR, Steindel M, Grisard EC, Carvalho-Pinto CJ, Bernardini OJ, de Castilho CV, Rosa G, Kilian S, Guarneri AA, Rocha A, Medeiros Z, Ferreira Neto JA. Elimination of bancroftian filariasis (Wuchereria bancrofti) in Santa Catarina state, Brazil. Trop Med Int Health 2000; 5:848-54. [PMID: 11169273 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2000.00661.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
During the 1950s, three foci of Wuchereria bancrofti transmission were identified in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. In Florianópolis, São José da Ponta Grossa and Barra da Laguna community treatment of bancroftian filariasis with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) was performed using two distinct approaches, without vector control or improvements in sanitation. In two of the three communities only microfilaraemic individuals were treated, while in Barra da Laguna the entire population received DEC treatment regardless of their infection status. In both cases, transmission of the parasite was blocked and no new cases were detected in all localities for up to 10 years. Recently, a new survey in São José da Ponta Grossa and Barra communities revealed no microfilaria-positive individuals, including residents that were positive in the 1950s. These data confirm that transmission of W. bancrofti was interrupted in Santa Catarina, and mass treatment appears to be more effective than treatment of microfilaraemic individuals only.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Schlemper
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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37
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Machado EM, Alvarenga NJ, Romanha AJ, Grisard EC. A simplified method for sample collection and DNA isolation for polymerase chain reaction detection of Trypanosoma rangeli and Trypanosoma cruzi in triatomine vectors. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2000; 95:863-6. [PMID: 11080776 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762000000600021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the overlapping distribution of Trypanosoma rangeli and T. cruzi in Central and South America, sharing several reservoirs and triatomine vectors, we herein describe a simple method to collect triatomine feces and hemolymph in filter paper for further detection and specific characterization of these two trypanosomes. Experimentally infected triatomines feces and hemolymph were collected in filter paper and specific detection of T. rangeli or T. cruzi DNA by polymerase chain reaction was achieved. This simple DNA collection method allows sample collection in the field and further specific trypanosome detection and characterization in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Machado
- Laboratório de Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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38
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Grisard EC, Carvalho-Pinto CJ, Scholz AF, Toma HK, Schlemper BR, Steindel M. Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Didelphis marsupialis in Santa Catarina and Arvoredo Islands, southern Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2000; 95:795-800. [PMID: 11080763 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762000000600008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Between 1984 and 1993 the prevalence of the Trypanosoma cruzi infection in opossums (Didelphis marsupialis) was studied in Santa Catarina and Arvoredo Islands, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The association of the triatomine bug Panstrongylus megistus with opossums nests and the infection rate of these triatomines by T. cruzi was also studied. Thirteen different locations were studied in Santa Catarina Island (SCI), in which 137 D. marsupialis were collected. Sixty two opossums were collected at the Arvoredo Island (AI), located 12 miles north from SCI. All captured animals were submitted to parasitological examinations that revealed the presence of T. cruzi in 21.9% of the opossums captured in SCI and 45.2% among opossums captured in the AI. The presence of P. megistus was detected in most of the D. marsupialis nests collected in the SCI, however, in the non-inhabited AI only eight triatomines were collected during the whole study. The presence of T. cruzi-infected D. marsupialis associated with P. megistus in human dwellings in the SCI, and the high infection rate of D. marsupilais by T. cruzi in the absence of a high vector density are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Grisard
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brasil.
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39
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Grisard EC, Steindel M, Shaw JJ, Ishikawa EA, Carvalho-Pinto CJ, Eger-Mangrich I, Toma HK, Lima JH, Romanha AJ, Campbell DA. Characterization of Leishmania sp. strains isolated from autochthonous cases of human cutaneous leishmaniasis in Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil. Acta Trop 2000; 74:89-93. [PMID: 10643912 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-706x(99)00054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Four Leishmania sp. samples were isolated from autochthonous human cases of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil. These strains were characterized using indirect immunofluorescence with a panel of Leishmania-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), and by PCR amplification and hybridization assay of the mini-exon gene with group specific probes. The results obtained with the MAbs were in agreement with the genetic marker. Two isolates (MHOM/BR/89/JSC89-H1 and MHOM/BR/89/JSC89-H2) were identified as L. (Leishmania) amazonensis and two (MHOM/BR/96/LSC96-H3 and MHOM/BR/97/LSC97-H4) as L. (Viannia) braziliensis. The southernmost autochthonous cases of ACL in Brazil are due to two different Leishmania sp. species, confirming the spreading of ACL on the American continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Grisard
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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40
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Totti DO, Romanha AJ, Grisard EC, Simpson AJ, Koury MC. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates. Rev Latinoam Microbiol 1999; 41:139-43. [PMID: 10932759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Five Paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates of humans origin were analyzed using three arbitrary primers (3301, 3304 and 3307 of 10, 9 and 10 oligonucleotídes respectively) in random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. The analysis of the complex RAPD profiles obtained were carried out using the Dice similarity coefficient that distinguished the isolated Pb 02 from the others (Pb 18, Pb 192, Pb 265 and Pb SN). The results revealed limited intraspecific genomic variations in these P. brasiliensis isolates and indicate that RAPD can be useful for analysis of P. brasiliensis genome for characterization or differentiation within this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O Totti
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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41
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Grisard EC, Campbell DA, Romanha AJ. Mini-exon gene sequence polymorphism among Trypanosoma rangeli strains isolated from distinct geographical regions. Parasitology 1999; 118 ( Pt 4):375-82. [PMID: 10340328 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182098003928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma rangeli can infect humans and the same domestic and wild animals and triatomine vectors infected by T. cruzi in Central and South America. This overlapping distribution complicates the epidemiology of Chagas disease because of the cross-reactivity between T. rangeli and T. cruzi antigens. We have studied T. rangeli strains isolated from different geographical regions using the mini-exon gene as a genetic marker. Two pairs of oligonucleotides directed to this gene were designed in order to detect specifically T. rangeli DNA by PCR assays. This assay was highly sensitive, able to amplify the target sequence using the equivalent DNA content of a single parasite as template, and demonstrated no cross-reactivity with T. cruzi DNA. T. rangeli SC-58 strain, isolated in southern Brazil, showed a distinct electrophoretic pattern from the other T. rangeli strains tested. Low stringency single specific primer-PCR (LSSP) assays were able to detect sequence polymorphisms at the mini-exon gene among T. rangeli strains. Sequence comparisons of this gene revealed that the SC-58 strain was genetically distinct from strains isolated in Central America and northern South America. In addition to insertion/deletion events, the presence of microsatellite repeats in the non-transcribed region of the gene contribute to the intra-species variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Grisard
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil
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42
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Grisard EC, Steindel M, Guarneri AA, Eger-Mangrich I, Campbell DA, Romanha AJ. Characterization of Trypanosoma rangeli strains isolated in Central and South America: an overview. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1999; 94:203-9. [PMID: 10224529 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02761999000200015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma rangeli is a hemoflagelate parasite that infects domestic and sylvatic animals, as well as man, in Central and South America. T. rangeli has an overlapping distribution with T. cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, sharing several animal reservoirs and triatomine vectors. We have isolated T. rangeli strains in the State of Santa Catarina, in southern Brazil, which dramatically increased the distribution area of this parasite. This brief review summarizes several studies comparing T. rangeli strains isolated in Santa Catarina with others isolated in Colombia, Honduras and Venezuela. The different methods used include indirect immunofluorescence and western blot assays, lectin agglutination, isoenzyme electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, triatomine susceptibility, in vitro cell infection assays, and mini-exon gene analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Grisard
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brasil.
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43
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Steindel M, Grisard EC, de Carvalho Pinto CJ, Cordeiro FD, Ribeiro-Rodrigues R, Romanha AJ. Characterization of trypanosomes from the subgenus Schizotrypanum isolated from bats, Eptesicus sp. (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), captured in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. J Parasitol 1998; 84:601-7. [PMID: 9645864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Seven Trypanosoma spp. isolates obtained from bats (Eptesicus sp.) were characterized using experimental infection in mice, triatomines, and culicines; complement lysis; indirect fluorescence assays; as well as isoenzyme and random-amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles. The Trypanosoma sp. isolates were compared with Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma rangeli. and 2 other bat trypanosomes species, Trypanosoma vespertilionis and Trypanosoma hastatus. Trypanosoma sp. isolates were different from the other species in all experiments, except in complement lysis. Experimental infection of triatomines and culicines with Trypanosoma sp. proved to be transitory. These parasites were noninfective for both normal and immunosuppressed mice. Isoenzyme and RAPD profiles obtained for Trypanosoma sp. were quite distinct from T. cruzi and T. rangeli and closely related to T. vespertilionis and T. hastatus. No cross-reaction was observed between sera from mice infected with Trypanosoma sp. and the other trypanosomatids and vice-versa. Trypanosoma sp. induced no protection against T. cruzi infection in mice. The very low, or nonsimilarity between Trypanosoma sp. isolates and the other species used in this study suggests that they might be members of a distinct bat trypanosome species. However, further studies should be done to prove their affinities with Trypanosoma cruzi-marinkellei, another trypanosome species from bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Steindel
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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44
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Grisard EC, Elsaid MM, Tafuri WL, Lima JD, Pinto CJ, Steindel M, Vitor RW. Besnoitia sp. (Protozoa:Toxoplasmatinae) from Akodon montensis (Rodentia:Cricetidae) in Santa Catarina State, Brazil. J Parasitol 1997; 83:314-6. [PMID: 9105318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue cysts of Besnoitia sp. were found in muscles and several organs from a naturally infected Akodon montensis captured in the rural area of the municipality of Timbó, Santa Catarina State, in southern Brazil. Indirect fluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays carried out with sera from mice chronically infected with Toxoplasma gondii and Besnoitia sp. showed, as expected, a stronger reaction against homologous than heterologous antigens. No cross-protection was observed in mice immunized with T. gondii when challenged with Besnoitia sp. This is the first description of a natural infection of A. montensis by parasites of the genus Besnoitia sp. in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Grisard
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil
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45
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Steindel M, Toma HK, Ishida MM, Murta SM, de Carvalho Pinto CJ, Grisard EC, Schlemper BR, Ribeiro-Rodrigues R, Romanha AJ. Biological and isoenzymatic characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi strains isolated from sylvatic reservoirs and vectors from the state of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. Acta Trop 1995; 60:167-77. [PMID: 8907395 DOI: 10.1016/0001-706x(95)00124-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Sixty eight Trypanosoma cruzi strains were isolated in the state of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, from sylvatic reservoirs or naturally infected vectors and characterized by their biological behaviour in mice, morphology of bloodstream forms and isoenzyme profiles. Twenty eight strains were isolated from the triatomine bug (Panstrongylus megistus), 2 from rodents (Echimys dasythrix and Akodon sp) and 38 from opossums (Didelphis marsupialis). The infectivity in mice of 48 T. cruzi strains showed that 2 (4.2%) were of high virulence, 19 (39.6%) of medium virulence, 15 (31.2%) of low virulence and 12 (25.0%) produced subpatent parasitemia in mice. A morphological study of bloodstream trypomastigotes from 8 T. cruzi strains showed a predominance of stout forms. The isoenzyme pattern of 59 T. cruzi strains showed that 54 (91.5%) belonged to zymodeme Z1, 3 (5.1%) to zymodeme Z2 and 2 (3.4%) to mixed zymodemes, Z1 and Z2. All 34 T. cruzi strains analyzed from opossums were Z1. Three out of 5 strains isolated from adults of P. megistus collected inside houses, belonged to zymodeme Z2 and two strains exhibited mixed zymodemes, Z1 and Z2, in 5 out of 6 enzymes studied. Although the State of Santa Catarina is a non endemic region for human Chagas'disease, the presence of zymodeme Z2 parasites in the sylvatic vector, P. megistus, captured in domiciliary environments suggests the possibility of human and/or domestic mammal infection by T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Steindel
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Steindel M, Dias Neto E, Pinto CJ, Grisard EC, Menezes CL, Murta SM, Simpson AJ, Romanha AJ. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and isoenzyme analysis of Trypanosoma rangeli strains. J Eukaryot Microbiol 1994; 41:261-7. [PMID: 8049688 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1994.tb01506.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen Trypanosoma rangeli strains were compared by isoenzyme and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Eight strains were isolated from either Rhodnius prolixus or Homo sapiens from Honduras, Colombia and Venezuela. Another eight strains were isolated from either Panstrongylus megistus or the rodent Echimys dasythrix from the State of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. All six T. rangeli strains isolated from P. megistus were co-infections with Trypanosoma cruzi, demonstrating an overlap of the sylvatic cycles of these parasites and that the accurate identification of species is of utmost importance. Both isoenzyme and RAPD analysis revealed two distinct groups of T. rangeli strains, one formed by the strains from Santa Catarina and the other, by the strains from Honduras, Colombia and Venezuela. With the five enzymes used, all the strains from Santa Catarina had identical profiles which overlapped with those of the other regions only in the pattern obtained with malic enzyme. Analysis of 138 RAPD bands by means of an unweighted pair group method analysis (UPGMA) phenogram using the Dice similarity coefficient allowed the separation of the two groups based on their divergence at a lower level of similarity than the phenon line. We show that the identification of T. cruzi and T. rangeli in naturally mixed infections is readily achieved by either RAPD or isoenzyme analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Steindel
- Departmento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina C.P. Brazil
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Steindel M, Toma HK, Carvalho Pinto CJD, Grisard EC, Schlemper Jr BR. Colonização de ecótopos artificiais pelo Panstrongylus megistus na ilha de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1994. [DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46651994000100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivando verificar a colonização de Panstrongylus megistus em ecótopos artificiais em Florianópolis foram examinados, de 1985 a 1992, 779 anexos peridomiciliares (524 galinheiros, 46 currais e 209 ranchos) em 9 localidades e 443 domicílios no distrito de Lagoa, todos na Ilha de Santa Catarina. Todo o ecótopo, incluindo forro e porão das casas, era examinado após aplicação de líquido insentífugo (Pirisa a 5%). A pesquisa nos anexos peri-domiciliares revelou 3 galinheiros e um rancho positivo no distrito de Lagoa, onde foram também encontrados 2 domicílios colonizados pelo P. megistus, com a captura de ovos, ninfas e adultos em todos os ecótopos. Pesquisas dirigidas foram realizadas em dois outros domicílios e em uma escola, nos quais os moradores haviam detectado anteriormente exemplares de P. megistus e, em todos os 3, foi confirmada a colonização pelo triatomíneo. Nos 9 ecótopos artificiais foram coletados 559 ovos, 305 ninfas e 24 adultos de P. megistus, com um índice de infecção pelo T. cruzi de 53,3% (182/329). Índice de infecção semelhante, de 56,5% (78/ 138), foi também encontrado nos adultos de P. megistus oriundos dos ecótopos silvestres e capturados nos domicílios pelos moradores, no período de 1983 a 1991. Os testes de precipitina revelaram, em 94,0% dos insetos examinados (170/181), sangue de uma única fonte alimentar e presença de sangue humano em 80,6% (25/31) dos adultos e em 5,8% (1/17) das ninfas capturados nos domicílios. Os resultados encontrados sugerem a necessidade de adoção de medidas de vigilância epidemiológica com a participação da comunidade, face o risco potencial de domiciliação do P. megistus.
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Steindel M, Toma HK, de Carvalho Pinto CJ, Grisard EC. [Colonization of artificial ecotopes by Panstrongylus megistus in Santa Catarina Island, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil]. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1994; 36:43-50. [PMID: 7997773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to verify the colonization of Panstrongylus megistus on artificial ecotopes in Florianópolis, in the Santa Catarina Island, South Brazil. For this purpose 443 houses of the Lagoa district and 779 house annexes (524 chicken-houses, 46 corrals and 209 storage-houses) in 9 different places were examined from 1985 to 1992. These ecotopes, which include ceilings and basements, were checked after application of dislodging liquid (Pirisa 5%). Colonization by P. megistus was verified in two houses, three chicken-houses and one storage-house of the Lagoa district, where eggs, nymphs and adults were collected. To verify local reports of P. megistus occurrence, another two houses and one school were investigated. The colonization at all of these places was confirmed. In the 9 artificial ecotopes examined, 559 eggs, 305 nymphs and 24 adults were collected. The infection rate of P. megistus by Trypanosoma cruzi was 55.3% (182/329). A similar infection rate of 56.5% (78/138) was obtained in adults of P. megistus from sylvatic ecotopes and in adults captured in the houses by the inhabitants between 1983 to 1991. Precipitin tests revealed blood from just one source in 94.0% of the insects (170/181). Human blood was found in 80.6% (25/31) of the adults and in 5.8% (1/17) of the nymphs captured in the houses. These results suggest the need to ally serious epidemiologic vigilance to the effort of the inhabitants in order to avoid the risk of domiciliation of P. megistus in the houses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Steindel
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia-CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brasil
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