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Minihan S, Songco A, Fox E, Ladouceur CD, Mewton L, Moulds M, Pfeifer JH, Van Harmelen AL, Schweizer S. Affect and mental health across the lifespan during a year of the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of emotion regulation strategies and mental flexibility. Emotion 2024; 24:67-80. [PMID: 37199936 PMCID: PMC11064816 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a rise in common mental health problems compared to prepandemic levels, especially in young people. Understanding the factors that place young people at risk is critical to guide the response to increased mental health problems. Here we examine whether age-related differences in mental flexibility and frequency of use of emotion regulation strategies partially account for the poorer affect and increased mental health problems reported by younger people during the pandemic. Participants (N = 2,367; 11-100 years) from Australia, the UK, and US were surveyed thrice at 3-month intervals between May 2020 and April 2021. Participants completed measures of emotion regulation, mental flexibility, affect, and mental health. Younger age was associated with less positive (b = 0.008, p < .001) and more negative (b = -0.015, p < .001) affect across the first year of the pandemic. Maladaptive emotion regulation partially accounted for age-related variance in negative affect (β = -0.013, p = .020), whereby younger age was associated with more frequent use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, which, in turn, was associated with more negative affect at our third assessment point. More frequent use of adaptive emotion regulation strategies, and in turn, changes in negative affect from our first to our third assessment, partially accounted for age-related variance in mental health problems (β = 0.007, p = .023). Our findings add to the growing literature demonstrating the vulnerability of younger people during the COVID-19 pandemic and suggest that emotion regulation may be a promising target for intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elaine Fox
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide
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2
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Zavlis O, Parsons S, Fox E, Booth C, Songco A, Vincent JP. The effects of life experiences and polygenic risk for depression on the development of positive and negative cognitive biases across adolescence: The CogBIAS hypothesis. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38247376 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The Cognitive Bias (CogBIAS) hypothesis proposes that cognitive biases develop as a function of environmental influences (which determine the valence of biases) and the genetic susceptibility to those influences (which determines the potency of biases). The current study employed a longitudinal, polygenic-by-environment approach to examine the CogBIAS hypothesis. To this end, measures of life experiences and polygenic scores for depression were used to assess the development of memory and interpretation biases in a three-wave sample of adolescents (12-16 years) (N = 337). Using mixed effects modeling, three patterns were revealed. First, positive life experiences (PLEs) were found to diminish negative and enhance positive forms of memory and social interpretation biases. Second, and against expectation, negative life experiences and depression polygenic scores were not associated with any cognitive outcomes, upon adjusting for psychopathology. Finally, and most importantly, the interaction between high polygenic risk and greater PLEs was associated with a stronger positive interpretation bias for social situations. These results provide the first line of polygenic evidence in support of the CogBIAS hypothesis, but also extend this hypothesis by highlighting positive genetic and nuanced environmental influences on the development of cognitive biases across adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestis Zavlis
- Department of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sam Parsons
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Gelderland, Netherlands
| | - Elaine Fox
- University of Adelaide, School of Psychology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Charlotte Booth
- University College London, Centre for Longitudinal Studies, London, UK
| | - Annabel Songco
- University of New South Wales, School of Psychology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John Paul Vincent
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London, UK
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Fox E. Why mental health research matters: a commentary on 'shared goals for mental health research: what, why and when for the 2020s'. J Ment Health 2023; 32:1024. [PMID: 33966578 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2021.1898566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This brief commentary welcomes the UK national goals for mental health research and suggests that the UKRI funded mental health research network approach is a good starting point to achieve these goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Fox
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- UKRI Mental Health Research Networks, London, UK
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4
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Minihan S, Orben A, Songco A, Fox E, Ladouceur CD, Mewton L, Moulds M, Pfeifer JH, Van Harmelen AL, Schweizer S. Social determinants of mental health during a year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1701-1713. [PMID: 35796203 PMCID: PMC7615306 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Belonging is a basic human need, with social isolation signaling a threat to biological fitness. Sensitivity to ostracism varies across individuals and the lifespan, peaking in adolescence. Government-imposed restrictions upon social interactions during COVID-19 may therefore be particularly detrimental to young people and those most sensitive to ostracism. Participants (N = 2367; 89.95% female, 11-100 years) from three countries with differing levels of government restrictions (Australia, UK, and USA) were surveyed thrice at three-month intervals (May 2020 - April 2021). Young people, and those living under the tightest government restrictions, reported the worst mental health, with these inequalities in mental health remaining constant throughout the study period. Further dissection of these results revealed that young people high on social rejection sensitivity reported the most mental health problems at the final assessment. These findings help account for the greater impact of enforced social isolation on young people's mental health, and open novel avenues for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Orben
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elaine Fox
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Susanne Schweizer
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- University of Cambridge, Department of Psychology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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5
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Gunschera LJ, Verschuere B, Murphy RA, Temple-McCune A, Dutton K, Fox E. No impaired integration in psychopathy: Evidence from an illusory conjunction paradigm. Personal Disord 2023; 14:479-489. [PMID: 37166836 DOI: 10.1037/per0000619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Progress in psychopathy research has been hampered by ongoing contention about its fundamental cause. The Impaired Integration theory of psychopathy provides an attention-based account of information integration abnormalities. We set out to evaluate the suggested mechanism via an innovative application of the well-established illusory conjunction paradigm. Two hundred participants were recruited by utilizing a psychopathic-trait-maximization technique, sampling individuals from an ex-prisoner and a population sample. We found no support for information integration deficits in psychopathic individuals (BF₁₀ = 0.156), and the absence of a relationship between psychopathic traits and illusory conjunctions remained when accounting for confounding variables. These findings question the mechanism proposed by the Impaired Integration theory and pave the way for future research to advance our understanding of psychopathic trait etiology by assessing specific and falsifiable mechanisms thought to bring about the observed cognitive and behavioral deficits. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robin A Murphy
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford
| | | | - Kevin Dutton
- Department of Psychology, University of Adelaide
| | - Elaine Fox
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford
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6
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Smitherman EA, Chahine RA, Beukelman T, Lewandowski LB, Rahman AKMF, Wenderfer SE, Curtis JR, Hersh AO, Abulaban K, Adams A, Adams M, Agbayani R, Aiello J, Akoghlanian S, Alejandro C, Allenspach E, Alperin R, Alpizar M, Amarilyo G, Ambler W, Anderson E, Ardoin S, Armendariz S, Baker E, Balboni I, Balevic S, Ballenger L, Ballinger S, Balmuri N, Barbar‐Smiley F, Barillas‐Arias L, Basiaga M, Baszis K, Becker M, Bell‐Brunson H, Beltz E, Benham H, Benseler S, Bernal W, Beukelman T, Bigley T, Binstadt B, Black C, Blakley M, Bohnsack J, Boland J, Boneparth A, Bowman S, Bracaglia C, Brooks E, Brothers M, Brown A, Brunner H, Buckley M, Buckley M, Bukulmez H, Bullock D, Cameron B, Canna S, Cannon L, Carper P, Cartwright V, Cassidy E, Cerracchio L, Chalom E, Chang J, Chang‐Hoftman A, Chauhan V, Chira P, Chinn T, Chundru K, Clairman H, Co D, Confair A, Conlon H, Connor R, Cooper A, Cooper J, Cooper S, Correll C, Corvalan R, Costanzo D, Cron R, Curiel‐Duran L, Curington T, Curry M, Dalrymple A, Davis A, Davis C, Davis C, Davis T, De Benedetti F, De Ranieri D, Dean J, Dedeoglu F, DeGuzman M, Delnay N, Dempsey V, DeSantis E, Dickson T, Dingle J, Donaldson B, Dorsey E, Dover S, Dowling J, Drew J, Driest K, Du Q, Duarte K, Durkee D, Duverger E, Dvergsten J, Eberhard A, Eckert M, Ede K, Edelheit B, Edens C, Edens C, Edgerly Y, Elder M, Ervin B, Fadrhonc S, Failing C, Fair D, Falcon M, Favier L, Federici S, Feldman B, Fennell J, Ferguson I, Ferguson P, Ferreira B, Ferrucho R, Fields K, Finkel T, Fitzgerald M, Fleming C, Flynn O, Fogel L, Fox E, Fox M, Franco L, Freeman M, Fritz K, Froese S, Fuhlbrigge R, Fuller J, George N, Gerhold K, Gerstbacher D, Gilbert M, Gillispie‐Taylor M, Giverc E, Godiwala C, Goh I, Goheer H, Goldsmith D, Gotschlich E, Gotte A, Gottlieb B, Gracia C, Graham T, Grevich S, Griffin T, Griswold J, Grom A, Guevara M, Guittar P, Guzman M, Hager M, Hahn T, Halyabar O, Hammelev E, Hance M, Hanson A, Harel L, Haro S, Harris J, Harry O, Hartigan E, Hausmann J, Hay A, Hayward K, Heiart J, Hekl K, Henderson L, Henrickson M, Hersh A, Hickey K, Hill P, Hillyer S, Hiraki L, Hiskey M, Hobday P, Hoffart C, Holland M, Hollander M, Hong S, Horwitz M, Hsu J, Huber A, Huggins J, Hui‐Yuen J, Hung C, Huntington J, Huttenlocher A, Ibarra M, Imundo L, Inman C, Insalaco A, Jackson A, Jackson S, James K, Janow G, Jaquith J, Jared S, Johnson N, Jones J, Jones J, Jones J, Jones K, Jones S, Joshi S, Jung L, Justice C, Justiniano A, Karan N, Kaufman K, Kemp A, Kessler E, Khalsa U, Kienzle B, Kim S, Kimura Y, Kingsbury D, Kitcharoensakkul M, Klausmeier T, Klein K, Klein‐Gitelman M, Kompelien B, Kosikowski A, Kovalick L, Kracker J, Kramer S, Kremer C, Lai J, Lam J, Lang B, Lapidus S, Lapin B, Lasky A, Latham D, Lawson E, Laxer R, Lee P, Lee P, Lee T, Lentini L, Lerman M, Levy D, Li S, Lieberman S, Lim L, Lin C, Ling N, Lingis M, Lo M, Lovell D, Lowman D, Luca N, Lvovich S, Madison C, Madison J, Manzoni SM, Malla B, Maller J, Malloy M, Mannion M, Manos C, Marques L, Martyniuk A, Mason T, Mathus S, McAllister L, McCarthy K, McConnell K, McCormick E, McCurdy D, Stokes PM, McGuire S, McHale I, McMonagle A, McMullen‐Jackson C, Meidan E, Mellins E, Mendoza E, Mercado R, Merritt A, Michalowski L, Miettunen P, Miller M, Milojevic D, Mirizio E, Misajon E, Mitchell M, Modica R, Mohan S, Moore K, Moorthy L, Morgan S, Dewitt EM, Moss C, Moussa T, Mruk V, Murphy A, Muscal E, Nadler R, Nahal B, Nanda K, Nasah N, Nassi L, Nativ S, Natter M, Neely J, Nelson B, Newhall L, Ng L, Nicholas J, Nicolai R, Nigrovic P, Nocton J, Nolan B, Oberle E, Obispo B, O'Brien B, O'Brien T, Okeke O, Oliver M, Olson J, O'Neil K, Onel K, Orandi A, Orlando M, Osei‐Onomah S, Oz R, Pagano E, Paller A, Pan N, Panupattanapong S, Pardeo M, Paredes J, Parsons A, Patel J, Pentakota K, Pepmueller P, Pfeiffer T, Phillippi K, Marafon DP, Phillippi K, Ponder L, Pooni R, Prahalad S, Pratt S, Protopapas S, Puplava B, Quach J, Quinlan‐Waters M, Rabinovich C, Radhakrishna S, Rafko J, Raisian J, Rakestraw A, Ramirez C, Ramsay E, Ramsey S, Randell R, Reed A, Reed A, Reed A, Reid H, Remmel K, Repp A, Reyes A, Richmond A, Riebschleger M, Ringold S, Riordan M, Riskalla M, Ritter M, Rivas‐Chacon R, Robinson A, Rodela E, Rodriquez M, Rojas K, Ronis T, Rosenkranz M, Rosolowski B, Rothermel H, Rothman D, Roth‐Wojcicki E, Rouster – Stevens K, Rubinstein T, Ruth N, Saad N, Sabbagh S, Sacco E, Sadun R, Sandborg C, Sanni A, Santiago L, Sarkissian A, Savani S, Scalzi L, Schanberg L, Scharnhorst S, Schikler K, Schlefman A, Schmeling H, Schmidt K, Schmitt E, Schneider R, Schollaert‐Fitch K, Schulert G, Seay T, Seper C, Shalen J, Sheets R, Shelly A, Shenoi S, Shergill K, Shirley J, Shishov M, Shivers C, Silverman E, Singer N, Sivaraman V, Sletten J, Smith A, Smith C, Smith J, Smith J, Smitherman E, Soep J, Son M, Spence S, Spiegel L, Spitznagle J, Sran R, Srinivasalu H, Stapp H, Steigerwald K, Rakovchik YS, Stern S, Stevens A, Stevens B, Stevenson R, Stewart K, Stingl C, Stokes J, Stoll M, Stringer E, Sule S, Sumner J, Sundel R, Sutter M, Syed R, Syverson G, Szymanski A, Taber S, Tal R, Tambralli A, Taneja A, Tanner T, Tapani S, Tarshish G, Tarvin S, Tate L, Taxter A, Taylor J, Terry M, Tesher M, Thatayatikom A, Thomas B, Tiffany K, Ting T, Tipp A, Toib D, Torok K, Toruner C, Tory H, Toth M, Tse S, Tubwell V, Twilt M, Uriguen S, Valcarcel T, Van Mater H, Vannoy L, Varghese C, Vasquez N, Vazzana K, Vehe R, Veiga K, Velez J, Verbsky J, Vilar G, Volpe N, von Scheven E, Vora S, Wagner J, Wagner‐Weiner L, Wahezi D, Waite H, Walker J, Walters H, Muskardin TW, Waqar L, Waterfield M, Watson M, Watts A, Weiser P, Weiss J, Weiss P, Wershba E, White A, Williams C, Wise A, Woo J, Woolnough L, Wright T, Wu E, Yalcindag A, Yee M, Yen E, Yeung R, Yomogida K, Yu Q, Zapata R, Zartoshti A, Zeft A, Zeft R, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Zhu A, Zic C. Childhood-Onset Lupus Nephritis in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry: Short-Term Kidney Status and Variation in Care. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2023; 75:1553-1562. [PMID: 36775844 PMCID: PMC10500561 DOI: 10.1002/acr.25002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal was to characterize short-term kidney status and describe variation in early care utilization in a multicenter cohort of patients with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) and nephritis. METHODS We analyzed previously collected prospective data from North American patients with cSLE with kidney biopsy-proven nephritis enrolled in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry from March 2017 through December 2019. We determined the proportion of patients with abnormal kidney status at the most recent registry visit and applied generalized linear mixed models to identify associated factors. We also calculated frequency of medication use, both during induction and ever recorded. RESULTS We identified 222 patients with kidney biopsy-proven nephritis, with 64% class III/IV nephritis on initial biopsy. At the most recent registry visit at median (interquartile range) of 17 (8-29) months from initial kidney biopsy, 58 of 106 patients (55%) with available data had abnormal kidney status. This finding was associated with male sex (odds ratio [OR] 3.88, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.21-12.46) and age at cSLE diagnosis (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.01-1.49). Patients with class IV nephritis were more likely than class III to receive cyclophosphamide and rituximab during induction. There was substantial variation in mycophenolate, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab ever use patterns across rheumatology centers. CONCLUSION In this cohort with predominately class III/IV nephritis, male sex and older age at cSLE diagnosis were associated with abnormal short-term kidney status. We also observed substantial variation in contemporary medication use for pediatric lupus nephritis between pediatric rheumatology centers. Additional studies are needed to better understand the impact of this variation on long-term kidney outcomes.
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Andrews JL, Li M, Minihan S, Songco A, Fox E, Ladouceur CD, Mewton L, Moulds M, Pfeifer JH, Van Harmelen AL, Schweizer S. The effect of intolerance of uncertainty on anxiety and depression, and their symptom networks, during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:261. [PMID: 37069541 PMCID: PMC10109227 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04734-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals vary in their ability to tolerate uncertainty. High intolerance of uncertainty (the tendency to react negatively to uncertain situations) is a known risk factor for mental health problems. In the current study we examined the degree to which intolerance of uncertainty predicted depression and anxiety symptoms and their interrelations across the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined these associations across three time points (May 2020 - April 2021) in an international sample of adults (N = 2087, Mean age = 41.13) from three countries (UK, USA, Australia) with varying degrees of COVID-19 risk. We found that individuals with high and moderate levels of intolerance of uncertainty reported reductions in depression and anxiety symptoms over time. However, symptom levels remained significantly elevated compared to individuals with low intolerance of uncertainty. Individuals with low intolerance of uncertainty had low and stable levels of depression and anxiety across the course of the study. Network analyses further revealed that the relationships between depression and anxiety symptoms became stronger over time among individuals with high intolerance of uncertainty and identified that feeling afraid showed the strongest association with intolerance of uncertainty. Our findings are consistent with previous work identifying intolerance of uncertainty as an important risk factor for mental health problems, especially in times marked by actual health, economic and social uncertainty. The results highlight the need to explore ways to foster resilience among individuals who struggle to tolerate uncertainty, as ongoing and future geopolitical, climate and health threats will likely lead to continued exposure to significant uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meiwei Li
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Elaine Fox
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Susanne Schweizer
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Songco A, Minihan S, Fox E, Ladouceur C, Mewton L, Moulds M, Pfeifer J, Van Harmelen AL, Schweizer S. Social and cognitive vulnerability to COVID-19-related stress in pregnancy: A case-matched-control study of antenatal mental health. J Affect Disord 2023; 325:739-746. [PMID: 36690083 PMCID: PMC9852264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence shows that compared to pre-pandemic norms pregnant women report significant increases in clinical levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms during COVID-19. This pre-registered study examined cognitive and social vulnerability factors for poor mental health in pregnancy during COVID-19. Understanding vulnerability profiles is key to identifying women at risk for deteriorating peripartum mental health. N = 742 pregnant women and N = 742 age and country-matched controls from the COVID-19 Risks Across the Lifespan Study were included. Using a case-match control design allowed us to explore whether the cognitive vulnerability profiles would differ between pregnant and non-pregnant women. The findings showed that COVID-19-related stress was associated with heightened levels of depression and anxiety during pregnancy. Its impact was greatest in women with cognitive (i.e., higher intolerance of uncertainty and tendency to worry) and social (i.e., higher level of self-reported loneliness) vulnerabilities. Importantly, our data show that the mental health impacts of the pandemic were greater in pregnant women compared to women who were not pregnant, especially those with cognitive and social vulnerabilities. The results highlight the urgent need to prioritize mental health care for pregnant women to mitigate the impact of COVID-19-related stress on women's postpartum mental health and their infants' well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elaine Fox
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Susanne Schweizer
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Hahn T, Daymont C, Beukelman T, Groh B, Hays K, Bingham CA, Scalzi L, Abel N, Abulaban K, Adams A, Adams M, Agbayani R, Aiello J, Akoghlanian S, Alejandro C, Allenspach E, Alperin R, Alpizar M, Amarilyo G, Ambler W, Anderson E, Ardoin S, Armendariz S, Baker E, Balboni I, Balevic S, Ballenger L, Ballinger S, Balmuri N, Barbar-Smiley F, Barillas-Arias L, Basiaga M, Baszis K, Becker M, Bell-Brunson H, Beltz E, Benham H, Benseler S, Bernal W, Beukelman T, Bigley T, Binstadt B, Black C, Blakley M, Bohnsack J, Boland J, Boneparth A, Bowman S, Bracaglia C, Brooks E, Brothers M, Brown A, Brunner H, Buckley M, Buckley M, Bukulmez H, Bullock D, Cameron B, Canna S, Cannon L, Carper P, Cartwright V, Cassidy E, Cerracchio L, Chalom E, Chang J, Chang-Hoftman A, Chauhan V, Chira P, Chinn T, Chundru K, Clairman H, Co D, Confair A, Conlon H, Connor R, Cooper A, Cooper J, Cooper S, Correll C, Corvalan R, Costanzo D, Cron R, Curiel-Duran L, Curington T, Curry M, Dalrymple A, Davis A, Davis C, Davis C, Davis T, De Benedetti F, De Ranieri D, Dean J, Dedeoglu F, DeGuzman M, Delnay N, Dempsey V, DeSantis E, Dickson T, Dingle J, Donaldson B, Dorsey E, Dover S, Dowling J, Drew J, Driest K, Du Q, Duarte K, Durkee D, Duverger E, Dvergsten J, Eberhard A, Eckert M, Ede K, Edelheit B, Edens C, Edens C, Edgerly Y, Elder M, Ervin B, Fadrhonc S, Failing C, Fair D, Falcon M, Favier L, Federici S, Feldman B, Fennell J, Ferguson I, Ferguson P, Ferreira B, Ferrucho R, Fields K, Finkel T, Fitzgerald M, Fleming C, Flynn O, Fogel L, Fox E, Fox M, Franco L, Freeman M, Fritz K, Froese S, Fuhlbrigge R, Fuller J, George N, Gerhold K, Gerstbacher D, Gilbert M, Gillispie-Taylor M, Giverc E, Godiwala C, Goh I, Goheer H, Goldsmith D, Gotschlich E, Gotte A, Gottlieb B, Gracia C, Graham T, Grevich S, Griffin T, Griswold J, Grom A, Guevara M, Guittar P, Guzman M, Hager M, Hahn T, Halyabar O, Hammelev E, Hance M, Hanson A, Harel L, Haro S, Harris J, Harry O, Hartigan E, Hausmann J, Hay A, Hayward K, Heiart J, Hekl K, Henderson L, Henrickson M, Hersh A, Hickey K, Hill P, Hillyer S, Hiraki L, Hiskey M, Hobday P, Hoffart C, Holland M, Hollander M, Hong S, Horwitz M, Hsu J, Huber A, Huggins J, Hui-Yuen J, Hung C, Huntington J, Huttenlocher A, Ibarra M, Imundo L, Inman C, Insalaco A, Jackson A, Jackson S, James K, Janow G, Jaquith J, Jared S, Johnson N, Jones J, Jones J, Jones J, Jones K, Jones S, Joshi S, Jung L, Justice C, Justiniano A, Karan N, Kaufman K, Kemp A, Kessler E, Khalsa U, Kienzle B, Kim S, Kimura Y, Kingsbury D, Kitcharoensakkul M, Klausmeier T, Klein K, Klein-Gitelman M, Kompelien B, Kosikowski A, Kovalick L, Kracker J, Kramer S, Kremer C, Lai J, Lam J, Lang B, Lapidus S, Lapin B, Lasky A, Latham D, Lawson E, Laxer R, Lee P, Lee P, Lee T, Lentini L, Lerman M, Levy D, Li S, Lieberman S, Lim L, Lin C, Ling N, Lingis M, Lo M, Lovell D, Lowman D, Luca N, Lvovich S, Madison C, Madison J, Manzoni SM, Malla B, Maller J, Malloy M, Mannion M, Manos C, Marques L, Martyniuk A, Mason T, Mathus S, McAllister L, McCarthy K, McConnell K, McCormick E, McCurdy D, Stokes PMC, McGuire S, McHale I, McMonagle A, McMullen-Jackson C, Meidan E, Mellins E, Mendoza E, Mercado R, Merritt A, Michalowski L, Miettunen P, Miller M, Milojevic D, Mirizio E, Misajon E, Mitchell M, Modica R, Mohan S, Moore K, Moorthy L, Morgan S, Dewitt EM, Moss C, Moussa T, Mruk V, Murphy A, Muscal E, Nadler R, Nahal B, Nanda K, Nasah N, Nassi L, Nativ S, Natter M, Neely J, Nelson B, Newhall L, Ng L, Nicholas J, Nicolai R, Nigrovic P, Nocton J, Nolan B, Oberle E, Obispo B, O’Brien B, O’Brien T, Okeke O, Oliver M, Olson J, O’Neil K, Onel K, Orandi A, Orlando M, Osei-Onomah S, Oz R, Pagano E, Paller A, Pan N, Panupattanapong S, Pardeo M, Paredes J, Parsons A, Patel J, Pentakota K, Pepmueller P, Pfeiffer T, Phillippi K, Marafon DP, Phillippi K, Ponder L, Pooni R, Prahalad S, Pratt S, Protopapas S, Puplava B, Quach J, Quinlan-Waters M, Rabinovich C, Radhakrishna S, Rafko J, Raisian J, Rakestraw A, Ramirez C, Ramsay E, Ramsey S, Randell R, Reed A, Reed A, Reed A, Reid H, Remmel K, Repp A, Reyes A, Richmond A, Riebschleger M, Ringold S, Riordan M, Riskalla M, Ritter M, Rivas-Chacon R, Robinson A, Rodela E, Rodriquez M, Rojas K, Ronis T, Rosenkranz M, Rosolowski B, Rothermel H, Rothman D, Roth-Wojcicki E, Rouster-Stevens K, Rubinstein T, Ruth N, Saad N, Sabbagh S, Sacco E, Sadun R, Sandborg C, Sanni A, Santiago L, Sarkissian A, Savani S, Scalzi L, Schanberg L, Scharnhorst S, Schikler K, Schlefman A, Schmeling H, Schmidt K, Schmitt E, Schneider R, Schollaert-Fitch K, Schulert G, Seay T, Seper C, Shalen J, Sheets R, Shelly A, Shenoi S, Shergill K, Shirley J, Shishov M, Shivers C, Silverman E, Singer N, Sivaraman V, Sletten J, Smith A, Smith C, Smith J, Smith J, Smitherman E, Soep J, Son M, Spence S, Spiegel L, Spitznagle J, Sran R, Srinivasalu H, Stapp H, Steigerwald K, Rakovchik YS, Stern S, Stevens A, Stevens B, Stevenson R, Stewart K, Stingl C, Stokes J, Stoll M, Stringer E, Sule S, Sumner J, Sundel R, Sutter M, Syed R, Syverson G, Szymanski A, Taber S, Tal R, Tambralli A, Taneja A, Tanner T, Tapani S, Tarshish G, Tarvin S, Tate L, Taxter A, Taylor J, Terry M, Tesher M, Thatayatikom A, Thomas B, Tiffany K, Ting T, Tipp A, Toib D, Torok K, Toruner C, Tory H, Toth M, Tse S, Tubwell V, Twilt M, Uriguen S, Valcarcel T, Van Mater H, Vannoy L, Varghese C, Vasquez N, Vazzana K, Vehe R, Veiga K, Velez J, Verbsky J, Vilar G, Volpe N, von Scheven E, Vora S, Wagner J, Wagner-Weiner L, Wahezi D, Waite H, Walker J, Walters H, Muskardin TW, Waqar L, Waterfield M, Watson M, Watts A, Weiser P, Weiss J, Weiss P, Wershba E, White A, Williams C, Wise A, Woo J, Woolnough L, Wright T, Wu E, Yalcindag A, Yee M, Yen E, Yeung R, Yomogida K, Yu Q, Zapata R, Zartoshti A, Zeft A, Zeft R, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Zhu A, Zic C. Intraarticular steroids as DMARD-sparing agents for juvenile idiopathic arthritis flares: Analysis of the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2022; 20:107. [PMID: 36434731 PMCID: PMC9701017 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-022-00770-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) who achieve a drug free remission often experience a flare of their disease requiring either intraarticular steroids (IAS) or systemic treatment with disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). IAS offer an opportunity to recapture disease control and avoid exposure to side effects from systemic immunosuppression. We examined a cohort of patients treated with IAS after drug free remission and report the probability of restarting systemic treatment within 12 months. METHODS We analyzed a cohort of patients from the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry who received IAS for a flare after a period of drug free remission. Historical factors and clinical characteristics and of the patients including data obtained at the time of treatment were analyzed. RESULTS We identified 46 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Of those with follow up data available 49% had restarted systemic treatment 6 months after IAS injection and 70% had restarted systemic treatment at 12 months. The proportion of patients with prior use of a biologic DMARD was the only factor that differed between patients who restarted systemic treatment those who did not, both at 6 months (79% vs 35%, p < 0.01) and 12 months (81% vs 33%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION While IAS are an option for all patients who flare after drug free remission, it may not prevent the need to restart systemic treatment. Prior use of a biologic DMARD may predict lack of success for IAS. Those who previously received methotrexate only, on the other hand, are excellent candidates for IAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Hahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Children's Hospital, 500 University Dr, Hershey, 90 Hope Drive, P.O. Box 855, Hershey, PA, 17033-0855, USA.
| | - Carrie Daymont
- grid.240473.60000 0004 0543 9901Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Children’s Hospital, 500 University Dr, Hershey, 90 Hope Drive, P.O. Box 855, Hershey, PA 17033-0855 USA
| | - Timothy Beukelman
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, CPPN G10, 1600 7th Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA
| | - Brandt Groh
- grid.240473.60000 0004 0543 9901Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Children’s Hospital, 500 University Dr, Hershey, 90 Hope Drive, P.O. Box 855, Hershey, PA 17033-0855 USA
| | | | - Catherine April Bingham
- grid.240473.60000 0004 0543 9901Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Children’s Hospital, 500 University Dr, Hershey, 90 Hope Drive, P.O. Box 855, Hershey, PA 17033-0855 USA
| | - Lisabeth Scalzi
- grid.240473.60000 0004 0543 9901Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Children’s Hospital, 500 University Dr, Hershey, 90 Hope Drive, P.O. Box 855, Hershey, PA 17033-0855 USA
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Fox E, Grohman R, Eisenberg R. AUTOIMMUNE LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE SYNDROME WITH INITIAL PRESENTATION OF HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.08.915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Macy M, Cash T, Pinto N, Pressey J, Szalontay L, Furman W, Bukowinski A, Foster J, Friedman G, HaDuong J, Fox E, Weigel B, Grevel J, Huang F, Phelps C, Childs B, Chung J, Chaturvedi S, Schulz A, DuBois S. Phase I dose-escalation study of the pan-PI3 K inhibitor copanlisib in children and adolescents with relapsed/refractory solid tumors. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)00878-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gaspari R, Fox E, Lindsay R. 190 Spontaneous Echo Contrast in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Measurement of Agreement and Incidence. Ann Emerg Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Demetriou L, Becker CM, Martínez-Burgo B, Invitti AL, Kvaskoff M, Shah R, Evans E, Lunde CE, Cox E, Garbutt K, Zondervan KT, Fox E, Vincent K. Stressful experiences impact clinical symptoms in people with endometriosis. Reprod Fertil 2022; 3:262-272. [PMCID: PMC9641793 DOI: 10.1530/raf-22-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic condition that affects ~10% of women globally. Its symptoms include chronic pelvic pain, heavy periods and tiredness/fatigue, which have been associated with poorer quality of life and mental health. We aim to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pain and fatigue symptoms and their interactions with the impact on mental health in people with endometriosis. This global cross-sectional online survey study collected data from 4717 adults with self-reported surgical/radiological diagnosis of endometriosis between May and June 2020. The survey included questions on the current status and changes of endometriosis symptoms (pelvic pain, tiredness/fatigue, and bleeding patterns), mental health, pain catastrophising, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the respondents’ lives. Compared to 6 months earlier, Respondents reported a marked worsening of their endometriosis symptoms (endometriosis-associated pain (39.3%; 95% CI: 37.7, 40.5), tiredness/fatigue (49.9%; 95% CI: 48.4, 51.2) and bleeding patterns (39.6%; 95% CI: 38.2, 41)) and mental health (38.6%; 95% CI: 37.2, 39.9). Those with a pre-existing mental health diagnosis (38.8%) were more likely to report their symptoms worsening. Worsening of pain and tiredness/fatigue was significantly correlated with worsening of mental health (P < 0.001). The relationship between changes in mental health and (a) change in pain and (b) change in fatigue was found to be weakly mediated by pain catastrophising scores (pain: B = 0.071, lower limit of confidence interval (LLCI) = 0.060, upper limit of confidence interval (ULCI) = 0.082, tiredness/fatigue: B = 0.050, LLCI = 0.040, ULCI = 0.060). This study demonstrates that stressful experiences impact the physical and mental health of people with endometriosis. The findings highlight the need to consider psychological approaches in the holistic management of people with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lysia Demetriou
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christian M Becker
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Burgo
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adriana L Invitti
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Departamento de Ginecologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Kvaskoff
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, ‘Exposome and Heredity’ Team, CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - Razneen Shah
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emma Evans
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire E Lunde
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Biobehavioral Pediatric Pain Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Pain and Affective Neuroscience Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Kurtis Garbutt
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Krina T Zondervan
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elaine Fox
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katy Vincent
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Soulsby WD, Balmuri N, Cooley V, Gerber LM, Lawson E, Goodman S, Onel K, Mehta B, Abel N, Abulaban K, Adams A, Adams M, Agbayani R, Aiello J, Akoghlanian S, Alejandro C, Allenspach E, Alperin R, Alpizar M, Amarilyo G, Ambler W, Anderson E, Ardoin S, Armendariz S, Baker E, Balboni I, Balevic S, Ballenger L, Ballinger S, Balmuri N, Barbar-Smiley F, Barillas-Arias L, Basiaga M, Baszis K, Becker M, Bell-Brunson H, Beltz E, Benham H, Benseler S, Bernal W, Beukelman T, Bigley T, Binstadt B, Black C, Blakley M, Bohnsack J, Boland J, Boneparth A, Bowman S, Bracaglia C, Brooks E, Brothers M, Brown A, Brunner H, Buckley M, Buckley M, Bukulmez H, Bullock D, Cameron B, Canna S, Cannon L, Carper P, Cartwright V, Cassidy E, Cerracchio L, Chalom E, Chang J, Chang-Hoftman A, Chauhan V, Chira P, Chinn T, Chundru K, Clairman H, Co D, Confair A, Conlon H, Connor R, Cooper A, Cooper J, Cooper S, Correll C, Corvalan R, Costanzo D, Cron R, Curiel-Duran L, Curington T, Curry M, Dalrymple A, Davis A, Davis C, Davis C, Davis T, De Benedetti F, De Ranieri D, Dean J, Dedeoglu F, DeGuzman M, Delnay N, Dempsey V, DeSantis E, Dickson T, Dingle J, Donaldson B, Dorsey E, Dover S, Dowling J, Drew J, Driest K, Du Q, Duarte K, Durkee D, Duverger E, Dvergsten J, Eberhard A, Eckert M, Ede K, Edelheit B, Edens C, Edens C, Edgerly Y, Elder M, Ervin B, Fadrhonc S, Failing C, Fair D, Falcon M, Favier L, Federici S, Feldman B, Fennell J, Ferguson I, Ferguson P, Ferreira B, Ferrucho R, Fields K, Finkel T, Fitzgerald M, Fleming C, Flynn O, Fogel L, Fox E, Fox M, Franco L, Freeman M, Fritz K, Froese S, Fuhlbrigge R, Fuller J, George N, Gerhold K, Gerstbacher D, Gilbert M, Gillispie-Taylor M, Giverc E, Godiwala C, Goh I, Goheer H, Goldsmith D, Gotschlich E, Gotte A, Gottlieb B, Gracia C, Graham T, Grevich S, Griffin T, Griswold J, Grom A, Guevara M, Guittar P, Guzman M, Hager M, Hahn T, Halyabar O, Hammelev E, Hance M, Hanson A, Harel L, Haro S, Harris J, Harry O, Hartigan E, Hausmann J, Hay A, Hayward K, Heiart J, Hekl K, Henderson L, Henrickson M, Hersh A, Hickey K, Hill P, Hillyer S, Hiraki L, Hiskey M, Hobday P, Hoffart C, Holland M, Hollander M, Hong S, Horwitz M, Hsu J, Huber A, Huggins J, Hui-Yuen J, Hung C, Huntington J, Huttenlocher A, Ibarra M, Imundo L, Inman C, Insalaco A, Jackson A, Jackson S, James K, Janow G, Jaquith J, Jared S, Johnson N, Jones J, Jones J, Jones J, Jones K, Jones S, Joshi S, Jung L, Justice C, Justiniano A, Karan N, Kaufman K, Kemp A, Kessler E, Khalsa U, Kienzle B, Kim S, Kimura Y, Kingsbury D, Kitcharoensakkul M, Klausmeier T, Klein K, Klein-Gitelman M, Kompelien B, Kosikowski A, Kovalick L, Kracker J, Kramer S, Kremer C, Lai J, Lam J, Lang B, Lapidus S, Lapin B, Lasky A, Latham D, Lawson E, Laxer R, Lee P, Lee P, Lee T, Lentini L, Lerman M, Levy D, Li S, Lieberman S, Lim L, Lin C, Ling N, Lingis M, Lo M, Lovell D, Lowman D, Luca N, Lvovich S, Madison C, Madison J, Manzoni SM, Malla B, Maller J, Malloy M, Mannion M, Manos C, Marques L, Martyniuk A, Mason T, Mathus S, McAllister L, McCarthy K, McConnell K, McCormick E, McCurdy D, Stokes PMC, McGuire S, McHale I, McMonagle A, McMullen-Jackson C, Meidan E, Mellins E, Mendoza E, Mercado R, Merritt A, Michalowski L, Miettunen P, Miller M, Milojevic D, Mirizio E, Misajon E, Mitchell M, Modica R, Mohan S, Moore K, Moorthy L, Morgan S, Dewitt EM, Moss C, Moussa T, Mruk V, Murphy A, Muscal E, Nadler R, Nahal B, Nanda K, Nasah N, Nassi L, Nativ S, Natter M, Neely J, Nelson B, Newhall L, Ng L, Nicholas J, Nicolai R, Nigrovic P, Nocton J, Nolan B, Oberle E, Obispo B, O’Brien B, O’Brien T, Okeke O, Oliver M, Olson J, O’Neil K, Onel K, Orandi A, Orlando M, Osei-Onomah S, Oz R, Pagano E, Paller A, Pan N, Panupattanapong S, Pardeo M, Paredes J, Parsons A, Patel J, Pentakota K, Pepmueller P, Pfeiffer T, Phillippi K, Marafon DP, Phillippi K, Ponder L, Pooni R, Prahalad S, Pratt S, Protopapas S, Puplava B, Quach J, Quinlan-Waters M, Rabinovich C, Radhakrishna S, Rafko J, Raisian J, Rakestraw A, Ramirez C, Ramsay E, Ramsey S, Randell R, Reed A, Reed A, Reed A, Reid H, Remmel K, Repp A, Reyes A, Richmond A, Riebschleger M, Ringold S, Riordan M, Riskalla M, Ritter M, Rivas-Chacon R, Robinson A, Rodela E, Rodriquez M, Rojas K, Ronis T, Rosenkranz M, Rosolowski B, Rothermel H, Rothman D, Roth-Wojcicki E, Rouster-Stevens K, Rubinstein T, Ruth N, Saad N, Sabbagh S, Sacco E, Sadun R, Sandborg C, Sanni A, Santiago L, Sarkissian A, Savani S, Scalzi L, Schanberg L, Scharnhorst S, Schikler K, Schlefman A, Schmeling H, Schmidt K, Schmitt E, Schneider R, Schollaert-Fitch K, Schulert G, Seay T, Seper C, Shalen J, Sheets R, Shelly A, Shenoi S, Shergill K, Shirley J, Shishov M, Shivers C, Silverman E, Singer N, Sivaraman V, Sletten J, Smith A, Smith C, Smith J, Smith J, Smitherman E, Soep J, Son M, Spence S, Spiegel L, Spitznagle J, Sran R, Srinivasalu H, Stapp H, Steigerwald K, Rakovchik YS, Stern S, Stevens A, Stevens B, Stevenson R, Stewart K, Stingl C, Stokes J, Stoll M, Stringer E, Sule S, Sumner J, Sundel R, Sutter M, Syed R, Syverson G, Szymanski A, Taber S, Tal R, Tambralli A, Taneja A, Tanner T, Tapani S, Tarshish G, Tarvin S, Tate L, Taxter A, Taylor J, Terry M, Tesher M, Thatayatikom A, Thomas B, Tiffany K, Ting T, Tipp A, Toib D, Torok K, Toruner C, Tory H, Toth M, Tse S, Tubwell V, Twilt M, Uriguen S, Valcarcel T, Van Mater H, Vannoy L, Varghese C, Vasquez N, Vazzana K, Vehe R, Veiga K, Velez J, Verbsky J, Vilar G, Volpe N, von Scheven E, Vora S, Wagner J, Wagner-Weiner L, Wahezi D, Waite H, Walker J, Walters H, Muskardin TW, Waqar L, Waterfield M, Watson M, Watts A, Weiser P, Weiss J, Weiss P, Wershba E, White A, Williams C, Wise A, Woo J, Woolnough L, Wright T, Wu E, Yalcindag A, Yee M, Yen E, Yeung R, Yomogida K, Yu Q, Zapata R, Zartoshti A, Zeft A, Zeft R, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Zhu A, Zic C. Social determinants of health influence disease activity and functional disability in Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2022; 20:18. [PMID: 35255941 PMCID: PMC8903717 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-022-00676-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social determinants of health (SDH) greatly influence outcomes during the first year of treatment in rheumatoid arthritis, a disease similar to polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA). We investigated the correlation of community poverty level and other SDH with the persistence of moderate to severe disease activity and functional disability over the first year of treatment in pJIA patients enrolled in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry. METHODS In this cohort study, unadjusted and adjusted generalized linear mixed effects models analyzed the effect of community poverty and other SDH on disease activity, using the clinical Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score-10, and disability, using the Child Health Assessment Questionnaire, measured at baseline, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS One thousand six hundred eighty-four patients were identified. High community poverty (≥20% living below the federal poverty level) was associated with increased odds of functional disability (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.28-2.60) but was not statistically significant after adjustment (aOR 1.23, 95% CI 0.81-1.86) and was not associated with increased disease activity. Non-white race/ethnicity was associated with higher disease activity (aOR 2.48, 95% CI: 1.41-4.36). Lower self-reported household income was associated with higher disease activity and persistent functional disability. Public insurance (aOR 1.56, 95% CI 1.06-2.29) and low family education (aOR 1.89, 95% CI 1.14-3.12) was associated with persistent functional disability. CONCLUSION High community poverty level was associated with persistent functional disability in unadjusted analysis but not with persistent moderate to high disease activity. Race/ethnicity and other SDH were associated with persistent disease activity and functional disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Daniel Soulsby
- University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box #0632, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Nayimisha Balmuri
- grid.239915.50000 0001 2285 8823Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Victoria Cooley
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Linda M. Gerber
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Erica Lawson
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box #0632, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Susan Goodman
- grid.239915.50000 0001 2285 8823Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Karen Onel
- grid.239915.50000 0001 2285 8823Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Bella Mehta
- grid.239915.50000 0001 2285 8823Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
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Minihan S, Songco A, Andrews JL, Grunewald K, Werner-Seidler A, Blakemore SJ, Christensen H, Fox E, Goodyer IM, Raffe W, Schweizer S. Development of a gamified cognitive training app “Social Brain Train” to enhance adolescent mental health: a participatory design study protocol. Wellcome Open Res 2022. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17441.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adolescence is a sensitive period for the onset of mental health disorders. Effective, easy-to-disseminate, scalable prevention and early interventions are urgently needed. Affective control has been proposed as a potential target mechanism. Training affective control has been shown to reduce mental health symptoms and improve emotion regulation. However, uptake and adherence to such training by adolescents has been low. Thus, the current study aims to receive end user (i.e., adolescents) feedback on a prototype of a novel app-based gamified affective control training program, the Social Brain Train. Methods: The proposed study aims to recruit participants aged 13-16 years old (N = 20) to provide user feedback on the Social Brain Train app. The first group of participants (n = 5) will complete an online questionnaire assessing demographics, symptoms of depression and anxiety, social rejection sensitivity and attitudes toward the malleability of cognition and mental health. They will complete two tasks assessing cognitive capacity and interpretation bias. Participants will be then be invited to an online group workshop, where they will be introduced to the app. They will train on the app for three days, and following app usage, participants will complete the aforementioned measures again, as well as provide ratings on app content, and complete a semi-structured interview to obtain in-depth user feedback, which will be used to inform modifications to the app. Following these modifications, a second group of participants (n = 15) will follow the same procedure, except they will train on the app for 14 days. Feedback from both groups of participants will be used to inform the final design. Conclusions: By including young people in the design of the Social Brain Train app, the proposed study will help us to develop a novel mental health intervention that young people find engaging, acceptable, and easy-to-use
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Grol M, Cásedas L, Oomen D, Spronk DB, Fox E. Uncontrolled eating in healthy women has limited influence on food cue reactivity and food-related inhibitory control. Appetite 2022; 168:105767. [PMID: 34687826 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled eating-in the general population-is characterized by overeating, hedonic hunger and being drawn towards palatable foods. Theoretically, it is the result of a strong food reward signal in relation to a poor ability to exert inhibitory control. How food consumption influences inhibitory control and food cue sensitivity, and how this relates to the continued urge to eat, remains unclear. We used fMRI in order to investigate the neural mechanism underlying food cue reactivity and food-specific response inhibition (go-nogo task), by comparing women reporting high (n = 21) versus low/average (n = 19) uncontrolled eating across two sessions: during an inter-meal state and after consumption of a high-caloric snack. We found no effects of individual differences in uncontrolled eating, food consumption, nor their interaction on food cue reactivity. Differences in uncontrolled eating and food consumption did interact in modulating activity in an occipital-parietal network, extending from left lateral superior occipital cortex to visual cortex, cuneal cortex, and precuneus during response inhibition of non-food stimuli, areas previously associated with successful nogo-vs. go-trials. Yet, behavioural performance on the go-nogo task was not modulated by uncontrolled eating nor food consumption. Women with a low/average tendency for uncontrolled eating may need more cognitive resources to support successful response inhibition of non-food stimuli during food 'go' blocks in an inter-meal state, whereas women with a high tendency for uncontrolled eating showed this after food consumption. However, considering current and previous findings, it seems that individual differences in uncontrolled eating in healthy women have only limited influence on food cue reactivity and food-related inhibitory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Grol
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - Luis Cásedas
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Danna Oomen
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - Elaine Fox
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK
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18
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Demetriou L, Cox E, Lunde CE, Becker CM, Invitti AL, Martínez-Burgo B, Kvaskoff M, Garbutt K, Evans E, Fox E, Zondervan KT, Vincent K. The Global Impact of COVID-19 on the Care of People With Endometriosis. Front Glob Womens Health 2021; 2:662732. [PMID: 34816218 PMCID: PMC8594023 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2021.662732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic condition affecting ~10% of women globally. Little is known about the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on their care. This brief report is aimed to explore the impact of COVID-19 on the care of people with endometriosis around the world, their priorities in relation to their clinical care during and coming out of the pandemic, and whether they believed that endometriosis makes them more vulnerable to COVID-19. An internet-based survey collected data in five languages between May 11, 2020, and June 8, 2020. Only participants with a surgical or radiological diagnosis of endometriosis aged 18 years or over were included. A total of 6,729 eligible respondents completed the survey with 80.7% [95% CI (79.7, 81.6)] reporting a negative impact on their care. This included difficulties obtaining medication (20.3%), cancelled/postponed gynaecology appointments (50.0%), and cancelled/postponed procedures (37.2%). More than half worried that their endometrioses make them more vulnerable to COVID-19 [54.2%; 95% CI (53.0, 55.4)]. The top three priorities were remarkably consistent around the world: contact with gynaecologists, knowing when procedures would be performed, and support with mental health (20.3% prioritising this aspect during the pandemic and 13.0% as restrictions begin to ease). This study shows the substantial impact the COVID-19 pandemic has had on people with endometriosis and describes how they would like care prioritised moving forwards. The findings regarding significant support needs for mental health add further weight to the growing recognition of attending to such issues as part of good patient-centred care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lysia Demetriou
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Cox
- Endometriosis United Kingdom (UK), London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire E Lunde
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Biobehavioral Pediatric Pain Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Pain and Affective Neuroscience Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christian M Becker
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adriana L Invitti
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Departamento de Ginecologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Burgo
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marina Kvaskoff
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - Kurtis Garbutt
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Evans
- Oxford University Hosptials National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Fox
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Krina T Zondervan
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katy Vincent
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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19
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Fox E, Merard R, Warner R, Bains S, El-Ghobashy A, Shaaban A. 914 Tumour size and resection margin status affect recurrences and survival in radiation associated angiosarcoma of the breast. Pathology 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2021-esgo.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent years have witnessed an increasing prevalence of binge eating tendencies in adolescence-warranting a clearer understanding of their underlying predisposing and precipitating factors. The current study investigated whether the interaction between high levels of anxiety and stress predicted increased levels of binge eating tendencies in a prospective cohort of adolescents (N = 324). METHODS Measurements were taken over three waves (M ages: 13.33, 14.48, 15.65) as part of the CogBIAS Longitudinal Study. Longitudinal associations between levels of anxiety and stress with binge eating tendencies were estimated using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM), which calculates within-person fluctuations over time while accounting for individual trait-like stability and between-person variations. Binge eating tendencies were measured by the Cognitive Restraint, Uncontrolled Eating, and Emotional Eating styles from the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18. Two models were created for each binge eating tendencies variable: (1) a basic model with anxiety and stress as independent variables; (2) an interaction model with an additional anxiety*stress interaction term. Model fit was assessed by SEM fit indices: X2, CFI, NFI, TLI, RMSEA, SRMR. Superior model fit was ascertained by a chi-square difference test (p < .05). RESULTS For Cognitive Restraint, the interaction model demonstrated superior fit to the data (p < .05). The anxiety*stress interaction at Waves 1 and 2 was significantly negatively associated with Cognitive Restraint at Waves 2 (β = -0.18, p = .002) and 3 (β = -0.14, p = .002)-suggesting that anxiety and stress interacted to predict increased binge eating tendencies linked with cognitive restraint over and above their independent effects. In contrast, the interaction term between anxiety*stress did not predict levels of Uncontrolled Eating or Emotional Eating over time. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the importance of increasing awareness of the interaction between concurrently high anxiety and stress as a potential risk factor for binge eating tendencies in young people. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele C Lim
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK.
| | - Sam Parsons
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Alessia Goglio
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Elaine Fox
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
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21
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Parsons S, Songco A, Booth C, Fox E. Emotional information-processing correlates of positive mental health in adolescence: a network analysis approach. Cogn Emot 2021; 35:956-969. [PMID: 33882777 PMCID: PMC8372302 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2021.1915752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The combined cognitive bias hypothesis proposes that emotional information-processing biases may conjointly influence mental health. Yet, little is known about the interrelationships amongst cognitive biases, particularly in adolescence. We used data from the CogBIAS longitudinal study (Booth et al., 2017), including 450 adolescents who completed measures of interpretation bias, memory bias, and a validated measure of general mental health in a typically developing population. We used a moderated network modelling approach to examine positive mental health-related moderation of the cognitive bias network. We found that mental health was directly associated with positive and negative memory biases, and positive interpretation biases, but not negative interpretation biases. Further, we observed some mental health-related moderation of the network structure. Network connectivity decreased with higher positive mental health scores. Network approaches allow us to model complex relationships amongst cognitive biases and develop novel hypotheses for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Parsons
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
| | - Annabel Songco
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
| | - Charlotte Booth
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
| | - Elaine Fox
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
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22
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Hasenmayer D, Lamontagne A, Lewitt L, Oner S, Buchholz K, Tran K, Rojas Levine J, Brennan A, Fox E, Ngo S, McKenna S, Plesa G, Siegel D. Implementation of new cell washing technology in an academic cell therapy manufacturing laboratory. Cytotherapy 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465324921005570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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L. Brennan A, Guilliams J, Fox E, Carreno B, Linette G, Levine B, Plesaw G, Siegel D, Mackey S, Fesnak A. Discussion of the requirements, challenges and processing adaptions involved in an academic technology transfer of neo-antigen peptide pulsed dendritic cells. Cytotherapy 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465324921005703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Meng L, Pourali S, Hitchcock MM, Ha DR, Mui E, Alegria W, Fox E, Diep C, Swayngim R, Chang A, Banaei N, Deresinski S, Holubar M. Discontinuation Patterns and Cost Avoidance of a Pharmacist-Driven Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing Protocol for De-escalation of Empiric Vancomycin for Suspected Pneumonia. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab099. [PMID: 34386545 PMCID: PMC8355456 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A pharmacist-driven methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based testing protocol with a 70% acceptance rate for vancomycin discontinuation within 24 hours of negative results significantly reduced unnecessary vancomycin use with an estimated cost avoidance of $40 per vancomycin course. We found high concordance (141 of 147, 96%) of culture-based versus PCR-based MRSA nasal screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Meng
- Department of Quality, Patient Safety and Effectiveness, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Antimicrobial Safety and Sustainability Program, Stanford, California, USA
| | - S Pourali
- Department of Pharmacy, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA
| | - M M Hitchcock
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - D R Ha
- Department of Quality, Patient Safety and Effectiveness, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Antimicrobial Safety and Sustainability Program, Stanford, California, USA
| | - E Mui
- Department of Quality, Patient Safety and Effectiveness, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Antimicrobial Safety and Sustainability Program, Stanford, California, USA
| | - W Alegria
- Department of Quality, Patient Safety and Effectiveness, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Antimicrobial Safety and Sustainability Program, Stanford, California, USA
| | - E Fox
- Department of Pharmacy, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA
| | - C Diep
- Department of Pharmacy, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA
| | - R Swayngim
- Department of Pharmacy, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA
| | - A Chang
- Department of Quality, Patient Safety and Effectiveness, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Antimicrobial Safety and Sustainability Program, Stanford, California, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - N Banaei
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - S Deresinski
- Department of Quality, Patient Safety and Effectiveness, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Antimicrobial Safety and Sustainability Program, Stanford, California, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - M Holubar
- Department of Quality, Patient Safety and Effectiveness, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Antimicrobial Safety and Sustainability Program, Stanford, California, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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25
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Tipura E, Fox E. Neural mechanisms of eye gaze processing as a function of emotional expression and working memory load. Neurosci Lett 2020; 742:135550. [PMID: 33285248 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of working memory load on the gaze cueing effect in high and low trait-anxious participants, using electroencephalography. Fearful and neutral faces predicted the location of a target, which was a digit that participants were asked to recall from a series encoded in each trial, in a modified version of the attentional cueing task. Working memory load impacted cueing irrespective of emotion and anxiety in analysis of reaction times. Lateralized EEG components then showed that effects of emotion were only apparent in high anxious individuals, with an initial hypervigilance to target locations cued by fearful faces, followed by a difficulty to disengage from these locations when targets appeared at uncued sites (P1). Enhanced amplitude following fearful faces was observed, when discriminative processes leading to response selection are implemented (N1). Conversely, all the effects of working memory load were independent of emotion in the low anxious group, where the shifting of attention directed by the gaze was only visible when enough resources were available in the working memory span. Working memory loads impacted the processing of gaze differently (P1) in low anxious participants, suggesting that top-down influence may play a role in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Tipura
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Elaine Fox
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Deficits in cognitive flexibility have been associated with anxiety and worry, however few studies have assessed cognitive flexibility in the context of emotional stimuli (i.e. affective flexibility). The present study (n = 79) investigated whether individual differences in affective flexibility predict levels of trait anxiety and worry over a period of seven weeks. Affective flexibility was measured using a task-switching paradigm. Results showed that less efficient shifting of attention towards affective aspects of positive stimuli predicted higher anxiety over time. Additionally, more efficient shifting of attention away from affective towards non-affective aspects of negative stimuli predicted higher anxiety and worry over time. This latter finding may be understood by considering theoretical models and empirical evidence associating avoidance of negative information with increased anxiety. The effects were small and require replication in larger, representative samples, but they are an initial indication that anxiety may not be associated with general impairments in cognitive flexibility. Instead, our study emphasises the importance of breaking down cognitive flexibility into different components to investigate more nuanced relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Twivy
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maud Grol
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Fox
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Songco A, Booth C, Spiegler O, Parsons S, Fox E. Anxiety and Depressive Symptom Trajectories in Adolescence and the Co-Occurring Development of Cognitive Biases: Evidence from the CogBIAS Longitudinal Study. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2020; 48:1617-1633. [PMID: 32926283 PMCID: PMC7554006 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00694-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of negative cognitive biases, together with symptoms of anxiety and depression, has yet to be investigated longitudinally. Using a three-wave design, the present study examined developmental trajectories of anxiety and depressive symptoms and the co-occurrence of cognitive biases, in a large normative sample of adolescents (N = 504). Data was drawn from the CogBIAS Longitudinal Study (CogBIAS-L-S), which assessed a wide range of psychological variables, including cognitive biases and self-reported anxiety and depressive symptoms, when adolescents were approximately 13, 14.5, and 16 years of age. The results showed that overall levels of anxiety were low and stable, while levels of depression were low but increased slightly at each wave. Growth mixture modeling identified four distinct developmental classes with regard to anxiety and depressive symptoms. Multiple group analysis further showed that class membership was related to the development of cognitive biases. The majority of the sample (75%) was characterised by ‘Low symptoms’ of anxiety and depression and showed low interpretation and memory biases for negative stimuli at each wave. A second class (11%) displayed ‘Decreasing anxiety symptoms’ and showed decreasing interpretation bias, but increasing memory bias. A third class (8%) displayed ‘Comorbid increasing symptoms’ and showed increasing interpretation and memory biases. While the fourth class (6%) displayed ‘Comorbid decreasing symptoms’ and showed decreasing interpretation and memory biases. This longitudinal study sheds light on healthy and psychopathological emotional development in adolescence and highlights cognitive mechanisms that may be useful targets for prevention and early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Songco
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, New Radcliffe House, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Oxford, OX26GG, UK.
| | - Charlotte Booth
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, New Radcliffe House, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Oxford, OX26GG, UK
| | - Olivia Spiegler
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, New Radcliffe House, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Oxford, OX26GG, UK
| | - Sam Parsons
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, New Radcliffe House, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Oxford, OX26GG, UK
| | - Elaine Fox
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, New Radcliffe House, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Oxford, OX26GG, UK
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Herbert M, Notebaert L, Parsons S, Fox E, MacLeod C. The effect of varying danger controllability on attention to threat messages. Appl Cognit Psychol 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Herbert
- Centre for the Advancement of Research on Emotion, School of Psychological ScienceUniversity of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Lies Notebaert
- Centre for the Advancement of Research on Emotion, School of Psychological ScienceUniversity of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Sam Parsons
- Oxford Centre for Emotions and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Elaine Fox
- Oxford Centre for Emotions and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Colin MacLeod
- Centre for the Advancement of Research on Emotion, School of Psychological ScienceUniversity of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
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Davis KAS, Coleman JRI, Adams M, Allen N, Breen G, Cullen B, Dickens C, Fox E, Graham N, Holliday J, Howard LM, John A, Lee W, McCabe R, McIntosh A, Pearsall R, Smith DJ, Sudlow C, Ward J, Zammit S, Hotopf M. Mental health in UK Biobank - development, implementation and results from an online questionnaire completed by 157 366 participants: a reanalysis. BJPsych Open 2020; 6:e18. [PMID: 32026800 PMCID: PMC7176892 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2019.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND UK Biobank is a well-characterised cohort of over 500 000 participants including genetics, environmental data and imaging. An online mental health questionnaire was designed for UK Biobank participants to expand its potential. AIMS Describe the development, implementation and results of this questionnaire. METHOD An expert working group designed the questionnaire, using established measures where possible, and consulting a patient group. Operational criteria were agreed for defining likely disorder and risk states, including lifetime depression, mania/hypomania, generalised anxiety disorder, unusual experiences and self-harm, and current post-traumatic stress and hazardous/harmful alcohol use. RESULTS A total of 157 366 completed online questionnaires were available by August 2017. Participants were aged 45-82 (53% were ≥65 years) and 57% women. Comparison of self-reported diagnosed mental disorder with a contemporary study shows a similar prevalence, despite respondents being of higher average socioeconomic status. Lifetime depression was a common finding, with 24% (37 434) of participants meeting criteria and current hazardous/harmful alcohol use criteria were met by 21% (32 602), whereas other criteria were met by less than 8% of the participants. There was extensive comorbidity among the syndromes. Mental disorders were associated with a high neuroticism score, adverse life events and long-term illness; addiction and bipolar affective disorder in particular were associated with measures of deprivation. CONCLUSIONS The UK Biobank questionnaire represents a very large mental health survey in itself, and the results presented here show high face validity, although caution is needed because of selection bias. Built into UK Biobank, these data intersect with other health data to offer unparalleled potential for crosscutting biomedical research involving mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina A S Davis
- Researcher, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London; and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UK
| | - Jonathan R I Coleman
- Lecturer in Statistical Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London; and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UK
| | - Mark Adams
- Data Scientist, Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Naomi Allen
- Professor, University of Oxford; and Chief Scientist, UK Biobank, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford Big Data Institute, UK
| | - Gerome Breen
- Professor of Psychiatric Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London; and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UK
| | - Breda Cullen
- Senior Lecturer, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Chris Dickens
- Professor of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Elaine Fox
- Professor of Psychology and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Nick Graham
- Clinical Lecturer in General Psychiatry, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Jo Holliday
- Senior Research Facilitator, University of Oxford; and UK Biobank: UK Biobank, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford Big Data Institute, UK
| | - Louise M Howard
- NIHR Research Professor in Women's Mental Health and NIHR Senior Investigator, Section of Women's Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Ann John
- Professor of Public Health and Psychiatry and Consultant Public Health Medicine, Population Data Science, Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University; and Public Health Wales NHS Trust, UK
| | - William Lee
- Consultant Liaison Psychiatrist and Honorary Clinical Senior Lecturer, Devon Partnership NHS Trust; and University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Rose McCabe
- Professor of Clinical Communication, School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, UK
| | - Andrew McIntosh
- Professor of Biological Psychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robert Pearsall
- Consultant Psychiatrist and Honorary Clinical Senior Lecturer in Psychiatry, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Daniel J Smith
- Lecturer in Psychiatry, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Cathie Sudlow
- Director of the British Heart Foundation Data Science Centre, BHF Data Science Centre; Former Chief Scientist, UK Biobank; and Chair of Neurology and Clinical Epidemiology, Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joey Ward
- Researcher, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Stan Zammit
- Professor of Psychiatric Epidemiology, Centre for Academic Mental Health, University of Bristol; and Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff University School of Medicine, UK
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- Director, National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the Maudsley; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London; and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UK
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Kruijt AW, Parsons S, Fox E. A meta-analysis of bias at baseline in RCTs of attention bias modification: No evidence for dot-probe bias towards threat in clinical anxiety and PTSD. J Abnorm Psychol 2019; 128:563-573. [PMID: 31368735 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Considerable effort and funding have been spent on developing Attention Bias Modification (ABM) as a treatment for anxiety disorders, theorized to exert therapeutic effects through reduction of a tendency to orient attention toward threat. However, meta-analytical evidence that clinical anxiety is characterized by threat-related attention bias is thin. The largest meta-analysis to date included dot-probe data for n = 337 clinically anxious individuals. Baseline measures of biased attention obtained in ABM RCTs form an additional body of data that has not previously been meta-analyzed. This article presents a meta-analysis of threat-related dot-probe bias measured at baseline for 1,005 clinically anxious individuals enrolled in 13 ABM RCTs. Random-effects meta-analysis indicated no evidence that the mean bias index (BI) differed from zero (k = 13, n = 1005, mean BI = 1.8 ms, SE = 1.26 ms, p = .144, 95% confidence interval [-0.6, 4.3]. Additional Bayes factor analyses also supported the point-zero hypothesis (BF10 = .23), whereas interval-based analysis indicated that mean bias in clinical anxiety is unlikely to extend beyond the 0 to 5 ms interval. Findings are discussed with respect to strengths (relatively large samples, possible bypassing of publication bias), limitations (lack of control comparison, repurposing data, specificity to dot-probe data), and theoretical and practical context. We suggest that it should no longer be assumed that clinically anxious individuals are characterized by selective attention toward threat. Clinically anxious individuals enrolled in RCTs for Attention Bias Modification are not characterized by threat-related attention bias at baseline. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sam Parsons
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford
| | - Elaine Fox
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford
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Booth C, Songco A, Parsons S, Heathcote LC, Fox E. The CogBIAS longitudinal study of adolescence: cohort profile and stability and change in measures across three waves. BMC Psychol 2019; 7:73. [PMID: 31730492 PMCID: PMC6858768 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-019-0342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescence is a time of considerable social, cognitive, and physiological development. It reflects a period of heightened risk for the onset of mental health problems, as well as heightened opportunity for flourishing and resilience. The CogBIAS Longitudinal Study (CogBIAS-L-S) aims to investigate psychological development during adolescence. Methods We present the cohort profile of the sample (N = 504) across three waves of data collection, when participants were approximately 13, 14.5, and 16 years of age. Further, we present descriptive statistics for all of the psychological variables assessed including (a) the self-report mood measures, (b) the other self-report measures, and (c) the behavioural measures. Differential and normative stability were investigated for each variable, in order to assess (i) measurement reliability (internal consistency), (ii) the stability of individual differences (intra-class correlations), and (iii) whether any adolescent-typical developmental changes occurred (multilevel growth curve models). Results Measurement reliability was good for the self-report measures (> .70), but lower for the behavioural measures (between .00 and .78). Differential stability was substantial, as individual differences were largely maintained across waves. Although, stability was lower for the behavioural measures. Some adolescent-typical normative changes were observed, reflected by (i) worsening mood, (ii) increasing impulsivity, and (iii) improvements in executive functions. Conclusions The stability of individual differences was substantial across most variables, supporting classical test theory. Some normative changes were observed that reflected adolescent-typical development. Although, normative changes were relatively small compared to the stability of individual differences. The development of stable psychological characteristics during this period highlights a potential intervention window in early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Booth
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building Radcliffe Observatory Quarte, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK.
| | - Annabel Songco
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building Radcliffe Observatory Quarte, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Sam Parsons
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building Radcliffe Observatory Quarte, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Lauren Charlotte Heathcote
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1070 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Elaine Fox
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building Radcliffe Observatory Quarte, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
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Parsons S, Kruijt AW, Fox E. Psychological Science Needs a Standard Practice of Reporting the Reliability of Cognitive-Behavioral Measurements. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2515245919879695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Psychological science relies on behavioral measures to assess cognitive processing; however, the field has not yet developed a tradition of routinely examining the reliability of these behavioral measures. Reliable measures are essential to draw robust inferences from statistical analyses, and subpar reliability has severe implications for measures’ validity and interpretation. Without examining and reporting the reliability of measurements used in an analysis, it is nearly impossible to ascertain whether results are robust or have arisen largely from measurement error. In this article, we propose that researchers adopt a standard practice of estimating and reporting the reliability of behavioral assessments of cognitive processing. We illustrate the need for this practice using an example from experimental psychopathology, the dot-probe task, although we argue that reporting reliability is relevant across fields (e.g., social cognition and cognitive psychology). We explore several implications of low measurement reliability and the detrimental impact that failure to assess measurement reliability has on interpretability and comparison of results and therefore research quality. We argue that researchers in the field of cognition need to report measurement reliability as routine practice so that more reliable assessment tools can be developed. To provide some guidance on estimating and reporting reliability, we describe the use of bootstrapped split-half estimation and intraclass correlation coefficients to estimate internal consistency and test-retest reliability, respectively. For future researchers to build upon current results, it is imperative that all researchers provide psychometric information sufficient for estimating the accuracy of inferences and informing further development of cognitive-behavioral assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Parsons
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford
| | | | - Elaine Fox
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford
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Traboulsee A, Greenberg B, Bennett J, Szczechowski L, Fox E, Shkrobot S, Yamamura T, Terada Y, Kawata Y, Wright P, von Büdingen H, Klingelschmitt G, Gianella-Borradori A, Weinshenker B. Efficacy and safety of satralizumab monotherapy for relapse prevention in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD): Results from SAkuraStar, a double-blind placebo-controlled phase 3 clinical study. J Neurol Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Figueroa CA, DeJong H, Mocking RJT, Fox E, Rive MM, Schene AH, Stein A, Ruhé HG. Attentional control, rumination and recurrence of depression. J Affect Disord 2019; 256:364-372. [PMID: 31207560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive recurrence is highly prevalent and adds significantly to the burden of depressive disorder. Whilst some clinical predictors of recurrence have been clearly demonstrated (e.g. residual symptoms, previous episodes), the cognitive and psychological processes that may contribute to recurrence risk are less well established. In this study we examine whether cognitive flexibility deficits and rumination are related to recurrence in a remitted clinical sample. METHOD We compared remitted patients with 2 or more previous depressive episodes (N = 69) to a matched group of healthy controls (N = 43). Cognitive flexibility was measured using the Internal Shift Task (IST) and a version of the Exogenous Cueing Task (ECT); rumination was assessed with the Ruminative Responses Scale. RESULTS IST and ECT performance did not differ between remitted patients and controls. Remitted patients had higher levels of rumination than controls. Within the remitted patient group, faster disengagement from angry and happy faces on the ECT was predictive of shorter time to recurrence (hazard ratio for 1 standard deviation, (HRSD) = 0.563 [CI, 0.381-0.832], p = 0.004, (HRSD) = 0.561 [CI, 0.389-0.808], p = 0.002, respectively). Rumination predicted recurrence (HRSD = 1.526 [CI, 1.152-2.202]; p = 0.003) but was not related to emotional disengagement. LIMITATIONS We had low power to detect small effects for the analysis within remitted patients. CONCLUSIONS Whilst cognitive flexibility in remitted patients was not impaired relative to controls, rapid disengagement from emotional stimuli and rumination were independently associated with time to recurrence. Cognitive flexibility may be an important indicator of recurrence risk, and a target for interventions to reduce recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Figueroa
- School of Social Welfare, University of California, 102 Haviland Hall, Berkeley, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Hannah DeJong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Roel J T Mocking
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elaine Fox
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maaike M Rive
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aart H Schene
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alan Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Henricus G Ruhé
- School of Social Welfare, University of California, 102 Haviland Hall, Berkeley, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Davis KAS, Coleman JRI, Adams M, Allen N, Breen G, Cullen B, Dickens C, Fox E, Graham N, Holliday J, Howard LM, John A, Lee W, McCabe R, McIntosh A, Pearsall R, Smith DJ, Sudlow C, Ward J, Zammit S, Hotopf M. Mental health in UK Biobank: development, implementation and results from an online questionnaire completed by 157 366 participants - RETRACTED. BJPsych Open 2019; 5:e56. [PMID: 31530304 PMCID: PMC6611070 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2019.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Scott M, Spencer P, Fain M, Thakrar S, Fox E, Winborrne D. A preoperative ERAS optimization timeline framework to inform surgeons to delay surgery appropriately. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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DeJong H, Fox E, Stein A. Does rumination mediate the relationship between attentional control and symptoms of depression? J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2019; 63:28-35. [PMID: 30639915 PMCID: PMC6379095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES It has been suggested that impaired attentional control (AC) promotes the use of maladaptive emotional regulation strategies, such as rumination, with subsequent increase in risk of depression. METHOD This study examined this hypothesis in a healthy community sample. Questionnaire measures of depression, anxiety, rumination and self-reported AC (shifting and focusing) were used, as well as an attention performance task (Attention Network Task; ANT). RESULTS While self-report and performance measures of AC were not significantly related, both depression and rumination were associated with reduced self-reported AC. Depression was specifically associated with poorer attentional shifting. Depression and brooding were also associated with better performance on the conflict component of the ANT. Importantly, the relationships of ANT conflict and self-reported AC to depression were mediated by brooding. LIMITATIONS The current study used a community sample, and it is unclear if results would generalise to a clinical population. All measures were taken concurrently and so it is not possible to confidently ascertain causality or direction of effects. CONCLUSIONS These results are consistent with the suggestion that impaired AC, particularly a narrow and inflexible attentional focus, may increase risk of depression by promoting ruminative thinking. The results highlight the importance of considering both self-report and performance measures of AC, as well as different components of attentional performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah DeJong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK.
| | - Elaine Fox
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, New Radcliffe House, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, 49 Walton Street, OX2 6AE, Oxford, UK.
| | - Alan Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK.
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Greven CU, Lionetti F, Booth C, Aron EN, Fox E, Schendan HE, Pluess M, Bruining H, Acevedo B, Bijttebier P, Homberg J. Sensory Processing Sensitivity in the context of Environmental Sensitivity: A critical review and development of research agenda. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 98:287-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Feehan S, Fox E, Greene J, Ryan E. Determine whether having a specified weigh day improves compliance with patient weighing and MUST screening guidelines on admission and one week post-admission in an acute hospital? Clin Nutr ESPEN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Emotions are at the heart of how we understand the human mind and of our relationships within the social world. Yet, there is still no scientific consensus on the fundamental nature of emotion. A central quest within the discipline of affective science is to develop an in-depth understanding of emotions, moods, and feelings and how they are embodied within the brain (affective neuroscience). This article provides a brief overview of the scientific study of emotion with a particular emphasis on psychological and neuroscientific perspectives. Following a selective snapshot of past and present research in this field, some current challenges and controversies in affective science are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Fox
- Elaine Fox, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, New Radcliffe House, 49 Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6AE, UK.
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Yiend J, Barnicot K, Williams M, Fox E. The influence of positive and negative affect on emotional attention. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2018; 61:80-86. [PMID: 29990682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Mechanisms of engagement and disengagement of attention to emotional information are thought to contribute to the onset and maintenance of anxiety and depression, a conclusion based largely on findings in analogue subclinical samples. However, we argue that traditionally defined analogue samples can be misleading. Firstly, research has challenged the adequacy of conventional measures of subclinical traits by illustrating that supposedly distinct scales are highly inter-correlated and do not therefore measure independent constructs. Secondly, recent research in clinical groups has revealed results opposite to those expected from the analogue literature, suggesting speeded, rather than impaired, disengagement from threat. METHODS We present analogue findings, from a sample of 70 healthy participants, allowing a purer distinction between the phenomenology of anxiety versus depression using the orthogonal traits of positive and negative affect to classify individuals. RESULTS Using emotional peripheral cueing we found that, at short cue durations, dysphoric individuals' (those with low positive and high negative affect) attention to facial expressions was slowed by emotional compared to neutral invalid cues. LIMITATIONS Limitations included a small sample size and limited generalisability due to sampling from a student population. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that, in line with the previous subclinical literature, dysphoric individuals are slow to disengage attention from emotional information at early stages of processing and are consistent with the possibility that patterns of orienting of attention might be qualitatively different in subclinical versus clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yiend
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, United Kingdom.
| | - K Barnicot
- Centre for Psychiatry, Central & North West London NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - M Williams
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, United Kingdom
| | - E Fox
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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Casaletto KB, Elahi FM, Fitch R, Walters S, Fox E, Staffaroni AM, Bettcher BM, Zetterberg H, Karydas A, Rojas JC, Boxer AL, Kramer JH. A comparison of biofluid cytokine markers across platform technologies: Correspondence or divergence? Cytokine 2018; 111:481-489. [PMID: 29908923 PMCID: PMC6289877 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantification of biofluid cytokines is a rapidly growing area of translational research. However, comparability across the expanding number of available assay platforms for detection of the same proteins remains to be determined. We aimed to directly compare a panel of commonly measured cytokines in plasma of typically aging adults across two high sensitivity quantification platforms, Meso Scale Discovery high performance electrochemiluminiscence (HPE) and single-molecule immunosorbent assays (Simoa) by Quanterix. METHODS 57 community-dwelling older adults completed a blood draw, neuropsychological assessment, and brain MRI as part of a healthy brain aging study. Plasma samples from the same draw dates were analyzed for IL-10, IP-10, IL-6, TNFα, and IL-1β on HPE and Simoa, separately. Reliable detectability (coefficient of variance (CV) < 20% and outliers 3 interquartiles above the median removed), intra-assay precision, absolute concentrations, reproducibility across platforms, and concurrent associations with external variables of interest (e.g., demographics, peripheral markers of vascular health, and brain health) were examined. RESULTS The proportion of cytokines reliably measured on HPE (87.7-93.0%) and Simoa (75.4-93.0%) did not differ (ps > 0.32), with the exception of IL-1β which was only reliably measured using Simoa (68.4%). On average, CVs were acceptable at <8% across both platforms. Absolute measured concentrations were higher using Simoa for IL-10, IL-6, and TNFα (ps < 0.05). HPE and Simoa shared only small-to-moderate proportions of variance with one another on the same cytokine proteins (range: r = 0.26 for IL-10 to r = 0.64 for IL-6), though platform agreement did not dependent on cytokine concentrations. Cytokine ratios within each platform demonstrated similar relative patterns of up- and down-regulation across HPE and Simoa, though still significantly differed (ps < 0.001). Supporting concurrent validity, all 95% confidence intervals of the correlations between cytokines and external variables overlapped between the two platforms. Moreover, most associations were in expected directions and consistently so across platforms (e.g., IL-6 and TNFα), though with several notable exceptions for IP-10 and IL-10. CONCLUSIONS HPE and Simoa showed comparable detectability and intra-assay precision measuring a panel of commonly examined cytokine proteins, with the exception of IL-1β which was not reliably detected on HPE. However, Simoa demonstrated overall higher concentrations and the two platforms did not show agreement when directly compared against one another. Relative cytokine ratios and associations demonstrated similar patterns across platforms. Absolute cytokine concentrations may not be directly comparable across platforms, may be analyte dependent, and interpretation may be best limited to discussion of relative associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Casaletto
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, Department of Neurology, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States.
| | - F M Elahi
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, Department of Neurology, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - R Fitch
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, Department of Neurology, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - S Walters
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, Department of Neurology, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - E Fox
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, Department of Neurology, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - A M Staffaroni
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, Department of Neurology, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - B M Bettcher
- University of Colorado, Denver Anschutz Medical Center, 13001 E 17th Fl, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - H Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-43180 Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-43180 Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - A Karydas
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, Department of Neurology, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - J C Rojas
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, Department of Neurology, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - A L Boxer
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, Department of Neurology, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - J H Kramer
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, Department of Neurology, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
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Rooks R, Havranek E, Hill A, Ford C, Clark C, Robinson J, Fox E, Sims M. PERCEIVED NEIGHBORHOOD ENVIRONMENT AND LEFT ATRIAL MEASURES IN THE JACKSON HEART STUDY. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Rooks
- University of Colorado Denver
| | | | - A Hill
- University of Southern Alabama
| | | | | | - J Robinson
- University of Mississippi Medical Center
| | - E Fox
- University of Mississippi Medical Center
| | - M Sims
- University of Mississippi Medical Center
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Davis KAS, Coleman JRI, Adams M, Allen N, Breen G, Cullen B, Dickens C, Fox E, Graham N, Holliday J, Howard LM, John A, Lee W, McCabe R, McIntosh A, Pearsall R, Smith DJ, Sudlow C, Ward J, Zammit S, Hotopf M. Erratum: Mental health in UK Biobank: development, implementation and results from an online questionnaire completed by 157 366 participants - CORRIGENDUM. BJPsych Open 2018; 4:352-353. [PMID: 30140447 PMCID: PMC6094179 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2018.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2018.12.].
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45
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Eltiti S, Wallace D, Russo R, Fox E. Symptom Presentation in Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance With Attribution to Electromagnetic Fields: Evidence for a Nocebo Effect Based on Data Re-Analyzed From Two Previous Provocation Studies. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1563. [PMID: 30210397 PMCID: PMC6121031 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with idiopathic environmental illness with attribution to electromagnetic fields (IEI-EMF) claim they experience adverse symptoms when exposed to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) from mobile telecommunication devices. However, research has consistently reported no relationship between exposure to EMFs and symptoms in IEI-EMF individuals. The current study investigated whether presence of symptoms in IEI-EMF individuals were associated with a nocebo effect. Data from two previous double-blind provocation studies were re-analyzed based on participants' judgments as to whether or not they believed a telecommunication base station was "on" or "off". Experiment 1 examined data in which participants were exposed to EMFs from Global System for Mobile Communication, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, and sham base station signals. In Experiment 2, participants were exposed to EMFs from Terrestrial Trunked Radio Telecommunications System and sham base station signals. Our measures of subjective well-being indicated IEI-EMF participants consistently reported significantly lower levels of well-being, when they believed the base station was "on" compared to "off". Interestingly, control participants also reported experiencing more symptoms and greater symptom severity when they too believed the base station was "on" compared to "off". Thus, a nocebo effect provides a reasonable explanation for the presence of symptoms in IEI-EMF and control participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Eltiti
- Rosemead School of Psychology, Biola University, La Mirada, CA, United States.,Department of Psychology, Centre for Brain Science, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Denise Wallace
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Brain Science, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Riccardo Russo
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Brain Science, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom.,Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elaine Fox
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Brain Science, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom.,Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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46
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Himebauch AS, Sankar WN, Flynn JM, Sisko MT, Moorthy GS, Gerber JS, Zuppa AF, Fox E, Dormans JP, Kilbaugh TJ. Skeletal muscle and plasma concentrations of cefazolin during complex paediatric spinal surgery. Br J Anaesth 2018; 117:87-94. [PMID: 27317707 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aew032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical site infections (SSIs) can have devastating consequences for children who undergo spinal instrumentation. Prospective evaluations of prophylactic cefazolin in this population are limited. The purpose of this study was to describe the pharmacokinetics and skeletal muscle disposition of prophylactic cefazolin in a paediatric population undergoing complex spinal surgery. METHODS This prospective pharmacokinetic study included 17 children with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis undergoing posterior spinal fusion, with a median age of 13.8 [interquartile range (IQR) 13.4-15.4] yr and a median weight of 60.6 (IQR 50.8-66.0) kg. A dosing strategy consistent with published guidelines was used. Serial plasma and skeletal muscle microdialysis samples were obtained during the operative procedure and unbound cefazolin concentrations measured. Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analyses were performed. The amount of time that the concentration of unbound cefazolin exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentration for bacterial growth for selected SSI pathogens was calculated. RESULTS Skeletal muscle concentrations peaked at a median of 37.6 (IQR 26.8-40.0) µg ml(-1) within 30-60 min after the first cefazolin 30 mg kg(-1) dose. For patients who received a second 30 mg kg(-1) dose, the peak concentrations reached a median of 40.5 (IQR 30.8-45.7) µg ml(-1) within 30-60 min. The target cefazolin concentrations for SSI prophylaxis for meticillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and Gram-negative pathogens were exceeded in skeletal muscle 98.9 and 58.3% of the intraoperative time, respectively. CONCLUSIONS For children with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis undergoing posterior spinal fusion, the cefazolin dosing strategy used in this study resulted in skeletal muscle concentrations that were likely not to be effective for intraoperative SSI prophylaxis against Gram-negative pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Himebauch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Center for Clinical Pharmacology
| | - W N Sankar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Surgery
| | - J M Flynn
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Surgery
| | - M T Sisko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
| | | | - J S Gerber
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases
| | - A F Zuppa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Center for Clinical Pharmacology
| | - E Fox
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J P Dormans
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - T J Kilbaugh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
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47
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Davis KAS, Coleman JRI, Adams M, Allen N, Breen G, Cullen B, Dickens C, Fox E, Graham N, Holliday J, Howard LM, John A, Lee W, McCabe R, McIntosh A, Pearsall R, Sudlow C, Ward J, Zammit S, Hotopf M. Erratum: Mental health in UK Biobank: development, implementation and results from an online questionnaire completed by 157 366 participants - CORRIGENDUM. BJPsych Open 2018; 4:136. [PMID: 29974892 PMCID: PMC6020280 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2018.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2018.12.].
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48
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Davis KAS, Coleman JRI, Adams M, Allen N, Breen G, Cullen B, Dickens C, Fox E, Graham N, Holliday J, Howard LM, John A, Lee W, McCabe R, McIntosh A, Pearsall R, Smith DJ, Sudlow C, Ward J, Zammit S, Hotopf M. Mental health in UK Biobank: development, implementation and results from an online questionnaire completed by 157 366 participants. BJPsych Open 2018; 4:83-90. [PMID: 29971151 PMCID: PMC6020276 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2018.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND UK Biobank is a well-characterised cohort of over 500 000 participants that offers unique opportunities to investigate multiple diseases and risk factors. AIMS An online mental health questionnaire completed by UK Biobank participants was expected to expand the potential for research into mental disorders. METHOD An expert working group designed the questionnaire, using established measures where possible, and consulting with a patient group regarding acceptability. Case definitions were defined using operational criteria for lifetime depression, mania, anxiety disorder, psychotic-like experiences and self-harm, as well as current post-traumatic stress and alcohol use disorders. RESULTS 157 366 completed online questionnaires were available by August 2017. Comparison of self-reported diagnosed mental disorder with a contemporary study shows a similar prevalence, despite respondents being of higher average socioeconomic status than the general population across a range of indicators. Thirty-five per cent (55 750) of participants had at least one defined syndrome, of which lifetime depression was the most common at 24% (37 434). There was extensive comorbidity among the syndromes. Mental disorders were associated with high neuroticism score, adverse life events and long-term illness; addiction and bipolar affective disorder in particular were associated with measures of deprivation. CONCLUSIONS The questionnaire represents a very large mental health survey in itself, and the results presented here show high face validity, although caution is needed owing to selection bias. Built into UK Biobank, these data intersect with other health data to offer unparalleled potential for crosscutting biomedical research involving mental health. DECLARATION OF INTEREST G.B. received grants from the National Institute for Health Research during the study; and support from Illumina Ltd. and the European Commission outside the submitted work. B.C. received grants from the Scottish Executive Chief Scientist Office and from The Dr Mortimer and Theresa Sackler Foundation during the study. C.S. received grants from the Medical Research Council and Wellcome Trust during the study, and is the Chief Scientist for UK Biobank. M.H. received grants from the Innovative Medicines Initiative via the RADAR-CNS programme and personal fees as an expert witness outside the submitted work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina A S Davis
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Jonathan R I Coleman
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Mark Adams
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Naomi Allen
- UK Biobank and Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Oxford, UK
| | - Gerome Breen
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Breda Cullen
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, and The Academic Centre, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Chris Dickens
- Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Elaine Fox
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nick Graham
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jo Holliday
- UK Biobank and Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Oxford, UK
| | - Louise M Howard
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience: Section of Women's Mental Health, King's College London and David Goldberg Centre, London, UK
| | - Ann John
- Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - William Lee
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, and Devon Partnership NHS Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Rose McCabe
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robert Pearsall
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Daniel J Smith
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Cathie Sudlow
- UK Biobank and Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joey Ward
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stan Zammit
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, and Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Grafton
- Centre for the Advancement of Research on Emotion,School of Psychological Science,University of Western Australia,Crawley,Australia
| | - Colin MacLeod
- Centre for the Advancement of Research on Emotion,School of Psychology,University of Western Australia,Crawley,Australia
| | - Daniel Rudaizky
- Centre for the Advancement of Research on Emotion,School of Psychology,University of Western Australia,Crawley,Australia
| | - Elske Salemink
- Developmental Psychology,University of Amsterdam,Amsterdam,the Netherlands
| | - Elaine Fox
- Oxford Centre for Emotion and Affective Neuroscience, and Department of Experimental Psychology,University of Oxford,Oxford,UK
| | - Lies Notebaert
- Centre for the Advancement of Research on Emotion,School of Psychology,University of Western Australia,Crawley,Australia
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50
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Booth C, Songco A, Parsons S, Heathcote L, Vincent J, Keers R, Fox E. The CogBIAS longitudinal study protocol: cognitive and genetic factors influencing psychological functioning in adolescence. BMC Psychol 2017; 5:41. [PMID: 29284537 PMCID: PMC5747087 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-017-0210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal psychological development is dependent upon a complex interplay between individual and situational factors. Investigating the development of these factors in adolescence will help to improve understanding of emotional vulnerability and resilience. The CogBIAS longitudinal study (CogBIAS-L-S) aims to combine cognitive and genetic approaches to investigate risk and protective factors associated with the development of mood and impulsivity-related outcomes in an adolescent sample. METHODS CogBIAS-L-S is a three-wave longitudinal study of typically developing adolescents conducted over 4 years, with data collection at age 12, 14 and 16. At each wave participants will undergo multiple assessments including a range of selective cognitive processing tasks (e.g. attention bias, interpretation bias, memory bias) and psychological self-report measures (e.g. anxiety, depression, resilience). Saliva samples will also be collected at the baseline assessment for genetic analyses. Multilevel statistical analyses will be performed to investigate the developmental trajectory of cognitive biases on psychological functioning, as well as the influence of genetic moderation on these relationships. DISCUSSION CogBIAS-L-S represents the first longitudinal study to assess multiple cognitive biases across adolescent development and the largest study of its kind to collect genetic data. It therefore provides a unique opportunity to understand how genes and the environment influence the development and maintenance of cognitive biases and provide insight into risk and protective factors that may be key targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Booth
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, New Richards Building, Oxford, Headington OX3 7LG UK
| | - Annabel Songco
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, New Richards Building, Oxford, Headington OX3 7LG UK
| | - Sam Parsons
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, New Richards Building, Oxford, Headington OX3 7LG UK
| | - Lauren Heathcote
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - John Vincent
- Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Robert Keers
- Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Elaine Fox
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, New Richards Building, Oxford, Headington OX3 7LG UK
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