1
|
D'Agostino S, Moro F, Torchet T, Demirağ Y, Grenouillet L, Castellani N, Indiveri G, Vianello E, Payvand M. Author Correction: DenRAM: neuromorphic dendritic architecture with RRAM for efficient temporal processing with delays. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3811. [PMID: 38714687 PMCID: PMC11076622 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simone D'Agostino
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- CEA-Leti, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Filippo Moro
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- CEA-Leti, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Tristan Torchet
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yiğit Demirağ
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Giacomo Indiveri
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Melika Payvand
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
D'Agostino S, Moro F, Torchet T, Demirağ Y, Grenouillet L, Castellani N, Indiveri G, Vianello E, Payvand M. DenRAM: neuromorphic dendritic architecture with RRAM for efficient temporal processing with delays. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3446. [PMID: 38658524 PMCID: PMC11043378 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47764-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies are highlighting the importance of spatial dendritic branching in pyramidal neurons in the neocortex for supporting non-linear computation through localized synaptic integration. In particular, dendritic branches play a key role in temporal signal processing and feature detection. This is accomplished thanks to coincidence detection (CD) mechanisms enabled by the presence of synaptic delays that align temporally disparate inputs for effective integration. Computational studies on spiking neural networks further highlight the significance of delays for achieving spatio-temporal pattern recognition with pure feed-forward neural networks, without the need of resorting to recurrent architectures. In this work, we present "DenRAM", the first realization of a feed-forward spiking neural network with dendritic compartments, implemented using analog electronic circuits integrated into a 130 nm technology node and coupled with Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) technology. DenRAM's dendritic circuits use RRAM devices to implement both delays and synaptic weights in the network. By configuring the RRAM devices to reproduce bio-realistic timescales, and by exploiting their heterogeneity we experimentally demonstrate DenRAM's ability to replicate synaptic delay profiles, and to efficiently implement CD for spatio-temporal pattern recognition. To validate the architecture, we conduct comprehensive system-level simulations on two representative temporal benchmarks, demonstrating DenRAM's resilience to analog hardware noise, and its superior accuracy compared to recurrent architectures with an equivalent number of parameters. DenRAM not only brings rich temporal processing capabilities to neuromorphic architectures, but also reduces the memory footprint of edge devices, warrants high accuracy on temporal benchmarks, and represents a significant step-forward in low-power real-time signal processing technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone D'Agostino
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- CEA-Leti, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Filippo Moro
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- CEA-Leti, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Tristan Torchet
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yiğit Demirağ
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Giacomo Indiveri
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Melika Payvand
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jebali F, Majumdar A, Turck C, Harabi KE, Faye MC, Muhr E, Walder JP, Bilousov O, Michaud A, Vianello E, Hirtzlin T, Andrieu F, Bocquet M, Collin S, Querlioz D, Portal JM. Powering AI at the edge: A robust, memristor-based binarized neural network with near-memory computing and miniaturized solar cell. Nat Commun 2024; 15:741. [PMID: 38272896 PMCID: PMC10811339 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44766-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Memristor-based neural networks provide an exceptional energy-efficient platform for artificial intelligence (AI), presenting the possibility of self-powered operation when paired with energy harvesters. However, most memristor-based networks rely on analog in-memory computing, necessitating a stable and precise power supply, which is incompatible with the inherently unstable and unreliable energy harvesters. In this work, we fabricated a robust binarized neural network comprising 32,768 memristors, powered by a miniature wide-bandgap solar cell optimized for edge applications. Our circuit employs a resilient digital near-memory computing approach, featuring complementarily programmed memristors and logic-in-sense-amplifier. This design eliminates the need for compensation or calibration, operating effectively under diverse conditions. Under high illumination, the circuit achieves inference performance comparable to that of a lab bench power supply. In low illumination scenarios, it remains functional with slightly reduced accuracy, seamlessly transitioning to an approximate computing mode. Through image classification neural network simulations, we demonstrate that misclassified images under low illumination are primarily difficult-to-classify cases. Our approach lays the groundwork for self-powered AI and the creation of intelligent sensors for various applications in health, safety, and environment monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Jebali
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut Matériaux Microélectronique Nanosciences de Provence, Marseille, France
| | - Atreya Majumdar
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, Palaiseau, France
| | - Clément Turck
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, Palaiseau, France
| | - Kamel-Eddine Harabi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, Palaiseau, France
| | - Mathieu-Coumba Faye
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut Matériaux Microélectronique Nanosciences de Provence, Marseille, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, Grenoble, France
| | - Eloi Muhr
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut Matériaux Microélectronique Nanosciences de Provence, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Walder
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut Matériaux Microélectronique Nanosciences de Provence, Marseille, France
| | | | - Amadéo Michaud
- Institut Photovoltaïque d'Ile-de-France (IPVF), Palaiseau, France
| | | | | | | | - Marc Bocquet
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut Matériaux Microélectronique Nanosciences de Provence, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Collin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, Palaiseau, France
- Institut Photovoltaïque d'Ile-de-France (IPVF), Palaiseau, France
| | - Damien Querlioz
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, Palaiseau, France.
| | - Jean-Michel Portal
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut Matériaux Microélectronique Nanosciences de Provence, Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dalgaty T, Moro F, Demirağ Y, De Pra A, Indiveri G, Vianello E, Payvand M. Mosaic: in-memory computing and routing for small-world spike-based neuromorphic systems. Nat Commun 2024; 15:142. [PMID: 38167293 PMCID: PMC10761708 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44365-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain's connectivity is locally dense and globally sparse, forming a small-world graph-a principle prevalent in the evolution of various species, suggesting a universal solution for efficient information routing. However, current artificial neural network circuit architectures do not fully embrace small-world neural network models. Here, we present the neuromorphic Mosaic: a non-von Neumann systolic architecture employing distributed memristors for in-memory computing and in-memory routing, efficiently implementing small-world graph topologies for Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs). We've designed, fabricated, and experimentally demonstrated the Mosaic's building blocks, using integrated memristors with 130 nm CMOS technology. We show that thanks to enforcing locality in the connectivity, routing efficiency of Mosaic is at least one order of magnitude higher than other SNN hardware platforms. This is while Mosaic achieves a competitive accuracy in a variety of edge benchmarks. Mosaic offers a scalable approach for edge systems based on distributed spike-based computing and in-memory routing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Filippo Moro
- CEA, LETI, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Yiğit Demirağ
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Giacomo Indiveri
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Melika Payvand
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bonnet D, Hirtzlin T, Majumdar A, Dalgaty T, Esmanhotto E, Meli V, Castellani N, Martin S, Nodin JF, Bourgeois G, Portal JM, Querlioz D, Vianello E. Bringing uncertainty quantification to the extreme-edge with memristor-based Bayesian neural networks. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7530. [PMID: 37985669 PMCID: PMC10661910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43317-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Safety-critical sensory applications, like medical diagnosis, demand accurate decisions from limited, noisy data. Bayesian neural networks excel at such tasks, offering predictive uncertainty assessment. However, because of their probabilistic nature, they are computationally intensive. An innovative solution utilizes memristors' inherent probabilistic nature to implement Bayesian neural networks. However, when using memristors, statistical effects follow the laws of device physics, whereas in Bayesian neural networks, those effects can take arbitrary shapes. This work overcome this difficulty by adopting a variational inference training augmented by a "technological loss", incorporating memristor physics. This technique enabled programming a Bayesian neural network on 75 crossbar arrays of 1,024 memristors, incorporating CMOS periphery for in-memory computing. The experimental neural network classified heartbeats with high accuracy, and estimated the certainty of its predictions. The results reveal orders-of-magnitude improvement in inference energy efficiency compared to a microcontroller or an embedded graphics processing unit performing the same task.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Djohan Bonnet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, Grenoble, France.
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, Palaiseau, France.
| | | | - Atreya Majumdar
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, Palaiseau, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Simon Martin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Michel Portal
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut Matériaux Microélectronique Nanosciences de Provence, Marseille, France
| | - Damien Querlioz
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, Palaiseau, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Payvand M, Moro F, Nomura K, Dalgaty T, Vianello E, Nishi Y, Indiveri G. Author Correction: Self-organization of an inhomogeneous memristive hardware for sequence learning. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6526. [PMID: 36316340 PMCID: PMC9622851 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34322-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Melika Payvand
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Institute for Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Filippo Moro
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Institute for Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.457348.90000 0004 0630 1517Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Leti, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Kumiko Nomura
- grid.410825.a0000 0004 1770 8232Corporate Research & Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Thomas Dalgaty
- grid.457348.90000 0004 0630 1517Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Leti, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Elisa Vianello
- grid.457348.90000 0004 0630 1517Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Leti, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Yoshifumi Nishi
- grid.410825.a0000 0004 1770 8232Corporate Research & Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Giacomo Indiveri
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Institute for Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Payvand M, Moro F, Nomura K, Dalgaty T, Vianello E, Nishi Y, Indiveri G. Self-organization of an inhomogeneous memristive hardware for sequence learning. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5793. [PMID: 36184665 PMCID: PMC9527242 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning is a fundamental component of creating intelligent machines. Biological intelligence orchestrates synaptic and neuronal learning at multiple time scales to self-organize populations of neurons for solving complex tasks. Inspired by this, we design and experimentally demonstrate an adaptive hardware architecture Memristive Self-organizing Spiking Recurrent Neural Network (MEMSORN). MEMSORN incorporates resistive memory (RRAM) in its synapses and neurons which configure their state based on Hebbian and Homeostatic plasticity respectively. For the first time, we derive these plasticity rules directly from the statistical measurements of our fabricated RRAM-based neurons and synapses. These "technologically plausible” learning rules exploit the intrinsic variability of the devices and improve the accuracy of the network on a sequence learning task by 30%. Finally, we compare the performance of MEMSORN to a fully-randomly-set-up spiking recurrent network on the same task, showing that self-organization improves the accuracy by more than 15%. This work demonstrates the importance of the device-circuit-algorithm co-design approach for implementing brain-inspired computing hardware. One gap between the neuro-inspired computing and its applications lies in the intrinsic variability of the devices. Here, Payvand et al. suggest a technologically plausible co-design of the hardware architecture which takes into account and exploits the physics behind memristors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melika Payvand
- Institute for Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Filippo Moro
- Institute for Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Leti, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Kumiko Nomura
- Corporate Research & Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Thomas Dalgaty
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Leti, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Elisa Vianello
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Leti, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Yoshifumi Nishi
- Corporate Research & Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Giacomo Indiveri
- Institute for Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dalgaty T, Miller JP, Vianello E, Casas J. Bio-Inspired Architectures Substantially Reduce the Memory Requirements of Neural Network Models. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:612359. [PMID: 33708069 PMCID: PMC7940538 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.612359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a neural network model for the jumping escape response behavior observed in the cricket cercal sensory system. This sensory system processes low-intensity air currents in the animal's immediate environment generated by predators, competitors, and mates. Our model is inspired by decades of physiological and anatomical studies. We compare the performance of our model with a model derived through a universal approximation, or a generic deep learning, approach, and demonstrate that, to achieve the same performance, these models required between one and two orders of magnitude more parameters. Furthermore, since the architecture of the bio-inspired model is defined by a set of logical relations between neurons, we find that the model is open to interpretation and can be understood. This work demonstrates the potential of incorporating bio-inspired architectural motifs, which have evolved in animal nervous systems, into memory efficient neural network models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - John P Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | | | - Jérôme Casas
- Insect Biology Research Institute IRBI, UMR CNRS 7261, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Brivio S, Ly DRB, Vianello E, Spiga S. Non-linear Memristive Synaptic Dynamics for Efficient Unsupervised Learning in Spiking Neural Networks. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:580909. [PMID: 33633531 PMCID: PMC7901913 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.580909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are a computational tool in which the information is coded into spikes, as in some parts of the brain, differently from conventional neural networks (NNs) that compute over real-numbers. Therefore, SNNs can implement intelligent information extraction in real-time at the edge of data acquisition and correspond to a complementary solution to conventional NNs working for cloud-computing. Both NN classes face hardware constraints due to limited computing parallelism and separation of logic and memory. Emerging memory devices, like resistive switching memories, phase change memories, or memristive devices in general are strong candidates to remove these hurdles for NN applications. The well-established training procedures of conventional NNs helped in defining the desiderata for memristive device dynamics implementing synaptic units. The generally agreed requirements are a linear evolution of memristive conductance upon stimulation with train of identical pulses and a symmetric conductance change for conductance increase and decrease. Conversely, little work has been done to understand the main properties of memristive devices supporting efficient SNN operation. The reason lies in the lack of a background theory for their training. As a consequence, requirements for NNs have been taken as a reference to develop memristive devices for SNNs. In the present work, we show that, for efficient CMOS/memristive SNNs, the requirements for synaptic memristive dynamics are very different from the needs of a conventional NN. System-level simulations of a SNN trained to classify hand-written digit images through a spike timing dependent plasticity protocol are performed considering various linear and non-linear plausible synaptic memristive dynamics. We consider memristive dynamics bounded by artificial hard conductance values and limited by the natural dynamics evolution toward asymptotic values (soft-boundaries). We quantitatively analyze the impact of resolution and non-linearity properties of the synapses on the network training and classification performance. Finally, we demonstrate that the non-linear synapses with hard boundary values enable higher classification performance and realize the best trade-off between classification accuracy and required training time. With reference to the obtained results, we discuss how memristive devices with non-linear dynamics constitute a technologically convenient solution for the development of on-line SNN training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Brivio
- CNR - IMM, Unit of Agrate Brianza, Agrate Brianza, Italy
| | - Denys R B Ly
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Leti, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Sabina Spiga
- CNR - IMM, Unit of Agrate Brianza, Agrate Brianza, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hirtzlin T, Bocquet M, Penkovsky B, Klein JO, Nowak E, Vianello E, Portal JM, Querlioz D. Digital Biologically Plausible Implementation of Binarized Neural Networks With Differential Hafnium Oxide Resistive Memory Arrays. Front Neurosci 2020; 13:1383. [PMID: 31998059 PMCID: PMC6962102 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain performs intelligent tasks with extremely low energy consumption. This work takes its inspiration from two strategies used by the brain to achieve this energy efficiency: the absence of separation between computing and memory functions and reliance on low-precision computation. The emergence of resistive memory technologies indeed provides an opportunity to tightly co-integrate logic and memory in hardware. In parallel, the recently proposed concept of a Binarized Neural Network, where multiplications are replaced by exclusive NOR (XNOR) logic gates, offers a way to implement artificial intelligence using very low precision computation. In this work, we therefore propose a strategy for implementing low-energy Binarized Neural Networks that employs brain-inspired concepts while retaining the energy benefits of digital electronics. We design, fabricate, and test a memory array, including periphery and sensing circuits, that is optimized for this in-memory computing scheme. Our circuit employs hafnium oxide resistive memory integrated in the back end of line of a 130-nm CMOS process, in a two-transistor, two-resistor cell, which allows the exclusive NOR operations of the neural network to be performed directly within the sense amplifiers. We show, based on extensive electrical measurements, that our design allows a reduction in the number of bit errors on the synaptic weights without the use of formal error-correcting codes. We design a whole system using this memory array. We show on standard machine learning tasks (MNIST, CIFAR-10, ImageNet, and an ECG task) that the system has inherent resilience to bit errors. We evidence that its energy consumption is attractive compared to more standard approaches and that it can use memory devices in regimes where they exhibit particularly low programming energy and high endurance. We conclude the work by discussing how it associates biologically plausible ideas with more traditional digital electronics concepts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tifenn Hirtzlin
- C2N, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - Marc Bocquet
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France
| | - Bogdan Penkovsky
- C2N, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Michel Portal
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France
| | - Damien Querlioz
- C2N, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dalgaty T, Vianello E, De Salvo B, Casas J. Insect-inspired neuromorphic computing. Curr Opin Insect Sci 2018; 30:59-66. [PMID: 30553486 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The steady improvement in the performance of computing systems seen for many decades is levelling off as the miniaturization of semiconducting technology approaches the atomic limit, facing severe physical and technological issues. Neuromorphic computing is an emerging solution which makes use of silicon technology in a different way, inline with the computational principles observed in animal nervous systems. In this article, we argue that the nervous systems of insects in particular offer themselves as an ideal starting point for incorporation into realistic neuromorphic systems and review research in developing insect-inspired neuromorphic systems. We conclude with an exciting yet tangible vision of a full neuromorphic sensory-motor system where a liquid state machine modelling the function of the insect mushroom body links input to output and allows for amalgamation of the work discussed in a hierarchical framework of a full system inspired by the concept of how information flows through insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jerome Casas
- Insect Biology Research Institute, UMR CNRS 7261, University of Tours, Tours 37200, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dozio E, Vianello E, Ambrogi F, De Cal M, Ronco C, Tacchini L, Corsi Romanelli MM. sRAGE: a prognostic factor for mortality in end-stage renal disease patients on dialysis. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2018; 32:33. [PMID: 30810006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Dozio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; laboratory of Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - E Vianello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - F Ambrogi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M De Cal
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy; International Renal Research Institute Vicenza (IRRIV), San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - C Ronco
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy; International Renal Research Institute Vicenza (IRRIV), San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - L Tacchini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M M Corsi Romanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Service of Laboratory Medicine1-Clinical Pathology, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vianello E, Dozio E, Tacchini L, Lamont J, Bandera F, Corsi Romanelli MM. Dysfunctional epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and maladaptive heart remodeling in patients with increased visceral adiposity: the ST2/IL-33 cardio-fat signaling. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2018; 32:21-25. 4° JOINT MEETING OF PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE SIPMET–SIPMEL-4° CONGRESS OF PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE. [PMID: 30761863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Vianello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - E Dozio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - L Tacchini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - J Lamont
- Randox Laboratories LTD, Research and Development, Crumlin-Antrim, Belfast,Northen Ireland, UK
| | - F Bandera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Cardiology University Department, Heart Failure Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - M M Corsi Romanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- U.O.C. SMEL-1 of Clinical Pathology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dozio E, Bandera F, Vianello E, Brizzola S, Tacchini L, Corsi Romanelli MM. Upregulation of circulating levels of receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) in obese rats may protect against ectopic fat accumulation in the heart. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2018; 32:32. [PMID: 30767496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Dozio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; laboratory of Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - F Bandera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - E Vianello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Brizzola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - L Tacchini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M M Corsi Romanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Service of Laboratory Medicine1-Clinical Pathology, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dozio E, Vianello E, Grossi E, Menicanti L, Schmitz G, Corsi Romanelli MM. Plasma fatty acid profile as biomarker of coronary artery disease: a pilot study using fourth generation artificial neural networks. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2018; 32:1007-1013. [PMID: 30043586 DOI: pmid/30043586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Many studies, focused on identifying new biomarkers for coronary artery disease (CAD) risk computation and monitoring, suggested a potential diagnostic role for fatty acids (FA). In the present study, we explored the potential diagnostic role of FA by using a data mining approach based on fourth generation artificial neural networks (ANN). Forty-one male subjects were enrolled. According to coronary angiography, 31 displayed CAD and 10 did not (non-CAD, control group). FA analysis was performed on plasma samples using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system and analyses were performed by an ANN method. The variables most closely related to CAD were low levels of alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, eicosatetraenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. High levels of 1,1-dimethoxyhexadecane, total dimethyl acetals and docosatetraenoic acid were related to non-CAD condition. This subset of variables, which were most closely correlated to the target diagnosis, achieved a consistent predictive rate. The average accuracy obtained was 76.5%, with 93% of sensitivity and 60% of specificity. The area under the ROC curve was equal to 0.79. In conclusion, our study highlighted the association between different plasma FA species, CAD and non-CAD conditions. The specific subset of variables could be of interest as a new diagnostic tool for CAD management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Dozio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - E Vianello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - E Grossi
- Villa Santa Maria Institute, Tavernerio, Como, Italy
| | - L Menicanti
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - G Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M M Corsi Romanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Service of Laboratory Medicine 1-Clinical Pathology, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vianello E, Dozio E, Brizzola S, Acocella F, Tacchini L, Corsi Romanelli MM. ST2 fibro-citokine and IL-33 alarmin protein are expressed in obese fa/fa- Zucker rat model and correlated with pro-fibrotic gene pathways. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2018; 32:35. [PMID: 30810008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Vianello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - E Dozio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy and Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - S Brizzola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - F Acocella
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - L Tacchini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - M M Corsi Romanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy and UOC SMEL-1 of Clinical Pathology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Werner T, Vianello E, Bichler O, Garbin D, Cattaert D, Yvert B, De Salvo B, Perniola L. Corrigendum: Spiking Neural Networks Based on OxRAM Synapses for Real-Time Unsupervised Spike Sorting. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:486. [PMID: 28878617 PMCID: PMC5581870 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article on p. 474 in vol. 10, PMID: 27857680.].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Werner
- Laboratoire d'Électronique et de Technologie de l'Information (LETI), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA)Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France
| | - Elisa Vianello
- Laboratoire d'Électronique et de Technologie de l'Information (LETI), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA)Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France
| | - Olivier Bichler
- Laboratoire d'Intégration de Systèmes et de Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA)Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Daniele Garbin
- Laboratoire d'Électronique et de Technologie de l'Information (LETI), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA)Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France
| | - Daniel Cattaert
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Université de Bordeaux, CNRSBordeaux, France
| | - Blaise Yvert
- BrainTech Laboratory U1205, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleGrenoble, France.,BrainTech Laboratory U1205, Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France
| | - Barbara De Salvo
- Laboratoire d'Électronique et de Technologie de l'Information (LETI), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA)Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France
| | - Luca Perniola
- Laboratoire d'Électronique et de Technologie de l'Information (LETI), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA)Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Vianello E, Dozio E, Barassi A, Sammarco G, Tacchini L, Marrocco-Trischitta MM, Trimarchi S, Corsi Romanelli MM. A pilot observational study on magnesium and calcium imbalance in elderly patients with acute aortic dissection. Immun Ageing 2017; 14:1. [PMID: 28070203 PMCID: PMC5217585 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-016-0083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) are the principal essential elements involved in endothelial cell homeostasis. Extracellular changes in the levels of either alter endothelial contraction and dilatation. Consequently Mg and Ca imbalance is associated with a high risk of endothelial dysfunction, the main process observed during acute aortic dissection (AAD); in this clinical condition, which mainly affects elderly men, smooth muscle cell alterations lead to intimal tears, creating a false new lumen in the media of the aorta. AAD patients have a high risk of mortality as a result of late diagnosis because often it is not distinguished from other cardiovascular diseases. We investigated Mg and Ca total circulating levels and the associated pro-inflammatory mediators in elderly AAD patients, to gain further information on the pathophysiology of this disorder, with a view to suggesting newer and earlier potential biomarkers of AAD. Results Total circulating Mg and Ca levels were both lower in AAD patients than controls (p < 0.0001). Using Ca as cut-off, 90% of AAD patients with low Ca (<8.4 mg/dL) came into the type A classification of AAD. Stratifying AAD according to this cut-off, Mg was lower in patients with lower total Ca. Compared to controls, both type A and B AAD patients had higher levels of all the pro-coagulant and pro-inflammatory mediators analyzed, including sP-sel, D-dimer, TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP (p < 0.05). Dividing types A and B using the Stanford classification, no significant differences were found (p > 0.05) The levels of both ICAM-1 and EN-1 were lower in AAD than in a control group (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.05 respectively). Conclusions These findings suggest that low Mg and Ca in AAD elderly patients may contribute to altering normal endothelial physiology and also concur in changing the normal concentrations of different mediators involved in vasodilatation and constriction, associated with AAD onset and severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Vianello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Chair of Clinical Pathology, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - E Dozio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Chair of Clinical Pathology, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - A Barassi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - G Sammarco
- Laboratory Medicine Operative Unit-1, Clinical Pathology, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - L Tacchini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Chair of Clinical Pathology, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - M M Marrocco-Trischitta
- Thoracic Aortic Research Center, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - S Trimarchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Chair of Clinical Pathology, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy ; Thoracic Aortic Research Center, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - M M Corsi Romanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Chair of Clinical Pathology, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy ; Laboratory Medicine Operative Unit-1, Clinical Pathology, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Werner T, Vianello E, Bichler O, Garbin D, Cattaert D, Yvert B, De Salvo B, Perniola L. Spiking Neural Networks Based on OxRAM Synapses for Real-Time Unsupervised Spike Sorting. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:474. [PMID: 27857680 PMCID: PMC5093145 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present an alternative approach to perform spike sorting of complex brain signals based on spiking neural networks (SNN). The proposed architecture is suitable for hardware implementation by using resistive random access memory (RRAM) technology for the implementation of synapses whose low latency (<1μs) enables real-time spike sorting. This offers promising advantages to conventional spike sorting techniques for brain-computer interfaces (BCI) and neural prosthesis applications. Moreover, the ultra-low power consumption of the RRAM synapses of the spiking neural network (nW range) may enable the design of autonomous implantable devices for rehabilitation purposes. We demonstrate an original methodology to use Oxide based RRAM (OxRAM) as easy to program and low energy (<75 pJ) synapses. Synaptic weights are modulated through the application of an online learning strategy inspired by biological Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity. Real spiking data have been recorded both intra- and extracellularly from an in-vitro preparation of the Crayfish sensory-motor system and used for validation of the proposed OxRAM based SNN. This artificial SNN is able to identify, learn, recognize and distinguish between different spike shapes in the input signal with a recognition rate about 90% without any supervision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Werner
- Laboratoire d'Électronique et de Technologie de l'Information (LETI), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA)Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France
| | - Elisa Vianello
- Laboratoire d'Électronique et de Technologie de l'Information (LETI), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA)Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France
| | - Olivier Bichler
- Laboratoire d'Intégration de Systèmes et de Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA) Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Daniele Garbin
- Laboratoire d'Électronique et de Technologie de l'Information (LETI), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA)Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France
| | - Daniel Cattaert
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS Bordeaux, France
| | - Blaise Yvert
- BrainTech Laboratory U1205, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleGrenoble, France; BrainTech Laboratory U1205, Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France
| | - Barbara De Salvo
- Laboratoire d'Électronique et de Technologie de l'Information (LETI), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA)Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France
| | - Luca Perniola
- Laboratoire d'Électronique et de Technologie de l'Information (LETI), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA)Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Galliera E, Marazzi MG, Vianello E, Drago L, Luzzati A, Bendinelli P, Maroni P, Tacchini L, Desiderio MA, Corsi Romanelli MM. Circulating sRAGE in the diagnosis of osteolytic bone metastasis. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2016; 30:1203-1208. [PMID: 28078875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the clinical importance of metastasis to the skeleton, the diagnostic tools for early detection and monitoring of bone metastasis lack sensitivity and specificity. We evaluated a promising new serum biomarker, the soluble form of the Receptor of Advanced Glycosylated End-products (sRAGE). sRAGE is involved in the Wnt-signaling pathway, and has been reported to reduce the risk of cancer. We investigated the diagnostic potential of sRAGE to improve the detection and monitoring of bone metastasis. We measured sRAGE in the serum of control healthy subjects, patients with primary tumors and patients with bone metastasis. sRAGE was also correlated with the Wnt inhibitors DKK-1 and sclerostin, the bone resorption markers MMP-2, MMP-9 and TRAP5, and the metastatic marker survivin. sRAGE was significantly lower in primary tumor and metastatic patients than in healthy subjects. sRAGE also showed a strong negative correlation with DKK-1, sclerostin, MMP-2, MMP-9, TRAP5b and survivin. These results indicated that sRAGE might play a protective role in bone metastasis progression, and it may diagnostic significance for detecting and monitoring osteolytic metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Galliera
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Oral Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M G Marazzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - E Vianello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - L Drago
- IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A Luzzati
- IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - P Bendinelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - P Maroni
- IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - L Tacchini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M A Desiderio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M M Corsi Romanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- U.O.C SMEL-1 Patologia Clinica IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Castellan A, Masetti F, Mazzucato U, Vianello E. Oxidation of 1-Phenyl-3-Pyrazolidones. Decay Kinetics of the Intermediate Free Radical. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00223638.1966.11737349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
22
|
Vianello E, Dozio E, Rigolini R, Marrocco-Trischitta MM, Tacchini L, Trimarchi S, Corsi Romanelli MM. Acute phase of aortic dissection: a pilot study on CD40L, MPO, and MMP-1, -2, 9 and TIMP-1 circulating levels in elderly patients. Immun Ageing 2016; 13:9. [PMID: 27006681 PMCID: PMC4802618 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-016-0063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is an event which may be rapidly fatal without early diagnosis and treatment. Aging is one of the main risk factors that could leading to AAD. To date, no specific biomarkers are available to increase the speed of diagnosis. CD40 ligand (CD40L), myeloperoxidase (MPO), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -2, -9 and metallopeptidase tissue inhibitor 1 (TIMP-1) are biologically related molecules which integrate inflammation, tissue injury and remodeling, all events associated to AAD. Our is a pilot study to evaluate whether circulating levels of these molecules may be used as potential biomarkers in timely diagnosis of AAD. Results Within 24 h of symptom onset, circulating CD40L, MPO, MMP-1,-2,-9 and TIMP-1 were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in 22 patients (40–86 years of age) with AAD of ascending aorta (type A according to Stanford classification) and 11 patients with AAD of descending aorta (type B). 30 healthy individuals age matched were used as control group compared to controls, both type A and B AAD patients had higher CD40L (p < 0.001) and MPO (p < 0.01) levels. MMP-1 was higher in the overall AAD group (p < 0.01). After Stanford classification, type A group had increased level compared to both control and type B (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). TIMP-1 was higher in both A and B groups compared to controls (p < 0.001). No differences were observed in MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels. Conclusions The simultaneous evaluation of CD40L, MPO and MMP-1 and TIMP-1, which may contribute to structural changes in aortic tissue in AAD patients, seems to be a novel promising diagnostic panel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Vianello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - E Dozio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - R Rigolini
- Laboratory Medicine Operative Unit-1, Clinical Pathology, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico, San Donato Milanese Milan, Italy
| | - M M Marrocco-Trischitta
- Thoracic Aortic Research Center, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese Milan, Italy
| | - L Tacchini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - S Trimarchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy ; Thoracic Aortic Research Center, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese Milan, Italy
| | - M M Corsi Romanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy ; Laboratory Medicine Operative Unit-1, Clinical Pathology, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico, San Donato Milanese Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Vianello E, Dozio E, Arnaboldi F, Marazzi MG, Martinelli C, Lamont J, Tacchini L, Sigrüner A, Schmitz G, Corsi Romanelli MM. Epicardial adipocyte hypertrophy: Association with M1-polarization and toll-like receptor pathways in coronary artery disease patients. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:246-253. [PMID: 26841679 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In coronary artery disease (CAD) epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) shows an elevated inflammatory infiltrate. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important mediators of adipose tissue inflammation and they are able to recognize endogenous products released by damaged cells. Because adipocyte death may be driven by hypertrophy, our aim was to investigate in CAD and non-CAD patients the association between EAT adipocyte size, macrophage infiltration/polarization and TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression. METHODS AND RESULTS EAT biopsies were collected from CAD and non-CAD patients. The adipocyte size was determined by morphometric analysis. Microarray technology was used for gene expression analysis; macrophage phenotype and TLRs expression were analyzed by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical techniques. Inflammatory mediator levels were determined by immunoassays. EAT adipocytes were larger in CAD than non-CAD patients and do not express perilipin A, a marker of lipid droplet integrity. In CAD, EAT is more infiltrated by CD68-positive cells which are polarized toward an M1 state (CD11c positive) and presents an increased pro-inflammatory profile. Both TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression is higher in EAT from CAD and observed on all the CD68-positive cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that EAT hypertrophy in CAD promotes adipocyte degeneration and drives local inflammation through increased infiltration of macrophages which are mainly polarized towards an M1 state and express both TLR-2 and TLR-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Vianello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - E Dozio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - F Arnaboldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M G Marazzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - C Martinelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - J Lamont
- Randox Laboratories LTD, R&D, Crumlin-Antrim, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - L Tacchini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A Sigrüner
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - G Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - M M Corsi Romanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; SMEL-1 Clinical Pathology, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dozio E, Briganti S, Vianello E, Dogliotti G, Barassi A, Malavazos AE, Ermetici F, Morricone L, Sigruener A, Schmitz G, Corsi Romanelli MM. Epicardial adipose tissue inflammation is related to vitamin D deficiency in patients affected by coronary artery disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25:267-273. [PMID: 25315671 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alterations in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) biology (i.e. increased fat thickness and inflammation) have been described in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. In addition to its classic role in the regulation of calcium-phosphate homeostasis, vitamin D may exert immune-regulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Whether EAT inflammation may be linked to vitamin D deficiency is still unknown. In the present study we evaluated plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25OHD) level in CAD patients and its relationship with EAT ability to locally metabolize vitamin D, EAT expression of inflammation-related molecules and EAT thickness. METHODS AND RESULTS Plasma 25OHD level was quantified by an immunoluminometric assay. EAT expression of inflammation-related molecules (MCP-1, PTX3, TNFα, IL-6, adiponectin), vitamin D receptor (VDR), CYP27B1 (25OHD-activating enzyme) and CYP24A1 (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol-metabolizing enzyme) was performed by microarray. EAT thickness was quantified by echocardiography. Median plasma 25OHD level was 10.85 ng/mL and 83% of CAD patients displayed 25OHD level below 20 ng/mL. At decreasing plasma 25OHD concentration, we observed a down-regulation in CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 level and an increased expression of VDR and pro-inflammatory cytokines (MCP-1, PTX3, TNFα, IL-6) at EAT level. No correlation was observed between plasma 25OHD level and EAT thickness. CONCLUSION Our data suggest an increased activation of inflammatory pathways at EAT level possibly related to systemic and local vitamin D deficiency in CAD patients. Whether maintaining an optimal vitamin D status may be helpful to reduce EAT inflammation and to prevent CAD and its progression needs further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Dozio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - S Briganti
- Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - E Vianello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - G Dogliotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A Barassi
- Department of Sciences for Health, Ospedale San Paolo, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A E Malavazos
- Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - F Ermetici
- Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - L Morricone
- Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - A Sigruener
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - G Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M M Corsi Romanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Service of Laboratory Medicine 1 - Clinical Pathology, Department of Health Services of Diagnosis and Treatment - Laboratory Medicine, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dogliotti G, Dozio E, Sigruener A, Malavazos A, Vianello E, Tarabin V, Liebisch G, Schmitz G, Corsi Romanelli M. Glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid content in epicardial fat from coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Clin Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
26
|
Dozio E, Barassi A, Marazzi MG, Vianello E, Colpi GM, Solimene U, Melzi D'Eril GL, Corsi Romanelli MM. Plasma myeloperoxidase in patients with erectile dysfunction of arteriogenic- and non-arteriogenic origin: association with markers of endothelial dysfunction. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2013; 27:749-755. [PMID: 24152842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction and the disruption of the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway have been considered the early mechanisms for the development of erectile dysfunction (ED). Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a heme-containing enzyme mainly released by activated neutrophils and monocytes, may contribute to endothelial dysfunction by promoting oxidation of different substrates and thus may play a role in ED. MPO level and its correlation with different plasma biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction were studied in patient with ED of arteriogenic (A-ED) and non-arteriogenic (NA-ED) to assess potential differences between the two ED subgroups. Diagnosis of ED was based on the International Index of Erectile Function Score. Its etiology was classified with penile echo-color Doppler at baseline and after intracavernous injection of prostaglandin E1. MPO, soluble (s) cGMP, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and sP-Selectin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MPO concentration in A-ED was significantly higher compared to control subjects and NA-ED patients. Plasmatic cGMP level resulted lower both in A-ED and in NA-ED patients, whereas no difference has been observed between the two ED groups. sICAM-1 concentration resulted higher in A-ED compared both to controls and NA-ED. sVCAM-1 level was the same in controls, A-ED and NA-ED patients. sP-Selectin concentration resulted higher both in A-ED and in NA-ED patients than in controls, whereas no difference has been observed between the two ED groups. Correlation analysis indicated a positive correlation between plasmatic MPO, sICAM-1 and sP-Selectin levels. MPO may represent an important link between oxidation, inflammation and cardiovascular diseases and may also represent a potential marker to distinguish between the two subgroups of ED patients. Moreover, in ED subjects circulating cGMP may reflect the local signaling dysfunction. The use cGMP as a potential marker for monitoring the disease needs further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Dozio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Cattedra di Patologia Clinica, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lombardi G, Corsetti R, Lanteri P, Grasso D, Vianello E, Marazzi MG, Graziani R, Colombini A, Galliera E, Corsi Romanelli MM, Banfi G. Reciprocal regulation of calcium-/phosphate-regulating hormones in cyclists during the Giro d'Italia 3-week stage race. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2013; 24:779-87. [PMID: 23647316 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Calcium and phosphate are essential for cell functions, and their serum concentrations result from the balance between intestinal absorption, bony storage, and urinary excretion. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), expressed by osteocytes and osteoblasts, acts in the kidney, leading to hypophosphatemia and low 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol synthesis, but suppresses parathyroid function. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of a high-energy demanding cycling race on this bone-kidney-parathyroid axis. We studied nine cyclists during the 2011 Giro d'Italia stage race. Pre-analytical and analytical phases followed academic and anti-doping recommendations. Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25(OH)D, total calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and plasma FGF23 were measured on days -1, 12, and 22 and corrected for changes in plasma volume. Dietary calcium and phosphorus, anthropometric parameters (height, weight, and body mass index) and indexes of metabolic effort (net energy expenditure, power output) were recorded. Dietary calcium and phosphorus intakes were kept at the same levels throughout the race. Twenty-five (OH)D, PTH, and calcium concentrations remained stable. FGF23 increased 50% with a positive correlation with the indexes of metabolic effort and, consequently, phosphorous decreased, although only in the first half. The strong metabolic effort acts on the bone-kidney-parathyroid system, and the rise in FGF23 plasma concentration might be aimed at maintaining calcium and phosphorus homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Lombardi
- Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dozio E, Dogliotti G, Malavazos AE, Bandera F, Cassetti G, Vianello E, Zelaschi R, Barassi A, Pellissero G, Solimene U, Morricone L, Sigruener A, Tarabin V, Schmitz G, Menicanti L, Corsi Romanelli MM. IL-18 level in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery or valve replacement: which link with epicardial fat depot? Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2013; 25:1011-20. [PMID: 23298491 DOI: 10.1177/039463201202500418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a member of the interleukin-1 family of cytokines produced constitutively by different cell types and by adipose tissue. Due to the link between obesity, inflammation and cardiovascular diseases, we aimed to measure IL-18 circulating level in patients undergoing open-heart surgery both for elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or for valve replacement (VR), and we also evaluated whether epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) depot may be a potential source of IL-18. Circulating IL-18 protein was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IL-18, IL-18 receptor 1 (IL-18 R1) and IL-18 receptor accessory protein (IL-18-RAP) gene expression in EAT depot were evaluated by one colour microarray platform. EAT thickness was measured by echocardiography. In this study we found that all cardiovascular patients (CABG and VR) have increased circulating IL-18 level compared to healthy control subjects (p < 0.0001), but no statistical significant difference was observed between CABG and VR groups (p = 0.35). A great increase in the gene expression of IL-18 (p < 0.05), IL-18 R1 (p < 0.01) and IL-18 RAP (p < 0.001) was observed in EAT samples obtained from CABG vs VR patients. In conclusion, CABG and VR patients had similar increased level of circulating IL-18 protein, but in EAT depots isolated from CABG gene expression of IL-18, IL-18 R1 and IL-18-RAP resulted higher than in VR patients. Future investigation on local IL-18 protein production, its autocrine-paracrine effect and its correlation with plasmatic IL-18 level could give more information on the relationship between IL-18 and coronary artery disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Dozio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cutuli B, Wiazzane N, Radicchia V, Barbieri P, Guenzi M, Huscher A, Borghesi S, Iannone T, Vianello E, Rosetto M. Carcinome canalaire in situ du sein : résultats du traitement radiochirurgical conservateur, analyse de 821 cas. Cancer Radiother 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2012.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
30
|
Drago L, Mattina R, Legnani D, Romano CL, Vianello E, Ricci C, De Vecchi E. Modulation of biofilm of strains isolated from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ceftriaxone. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2012; 24:1027-35. [PMID: 22230408 DOI: 10.1177/039463201102400420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ceftriaxone to interfere on biofilm produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was evaluated. The effects of antibiotics were evaluated on formation of biofilm (at 1/2, 1/4 and 1/8 X MIC) and on preformed biofilm (at epithelial lining fluid peak concentrations) by means of a spectrophotometric method. Levofloxacin was the most active compound followed by ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ceftriaxone. Levofloxacin may contribute to clear the reservoir of pathogens involved in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, thus leading to decreased occurrence of acute exacerbations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Drago
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Galeazzi Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lovati AB, Vianello E, Talò G, Recordati C, Bonizzi L, Galliera E, Broggini M, Moretti M. Biodegradable microcarriers as cell delivery vehicle for in vivo transplantation and magnetic resonance monitoring. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2011; 25:S63-S74. [PMID: 22051172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Microcarrier culture systems offer an attractive method for cell amplification and as delivery vehicle. At the same time, super paramagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles represent a unique in vivo tracking system, already approved for clinical use. In our study, we tested the combination of clinically approved microcarriers and SPIO nanoparticles for cell-construct delivery and subsequent tracking after implantation. In order to mimic better a clinical setting, biodegradable macroporous microcarriers were employed as an alternative approach to expand human primary chondrocytes in a dynamic culture system for subsequent direct transplantation. In addition, cellseeded microcarriers were labeled with SPIO nanoparticles to evaluate the benefits of cell-constructs tracking with magnetic resonance. In vivo subcutaneous implants were monitored for up to 3 weeks and orthotopic implantation was simulated and monitored in ex vivo osteochondral defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A B Lovati
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
De Paola M, Visconti L, Vianello E, Mattana F, Banfi G, Corsi MM, Beghi E, Mennini T. Circulating cytokines and growth factors in professional soccer players: correlation within vitro-induced motor neuron death. Eur J Neurol 2010; 18:85-92. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03067.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
33
|
Dogliotti G, Galliera E, Dozio E, Vianello E, Villa R, Licastro F, Barajon I, Corsi M. Okadaic acid induces apoptosis in Down syndrome fibroblasts. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:815-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Revised: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
34
|
|
35
|
Arévalo M, Maran F, Severin M, Vianello E. A case of the indirect role of traces of water in the electroreduction of organic substrates. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(96)04856-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
36
|
Severin M, Farnia G, Vianello E, Arévalo M. Competition between a concerted and a sequential electron transfer-bond breaking path in triphenylmethyl phenyl sulphide reduction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(88)85197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
37
|
Maran F, Goldblum A, D'Angeli F, Vianello E. Determination of kinetic acidities through an electrogenerated base. Application to the case of a family of NH acids. Electrochim Acta 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(88)80007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
38
|
|
39
|
Brillas E, Farnia G, Severin M, Vianello E. Self-protonation effects in the electrochemical reduction mechanism of p-nitrobenzoic acid. Electrochim Acta 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(86)85004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
40
|
|
41
|
|
42
|
|
43
|
|
44
|
Farnia G, Sansona' G, Vianello E. Homogeneous electrocatalysis. Reactivity of short-lived free radicals towards organic substrates. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(80)80473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
45
|
|
46
|
|
47
|
|
48
|
Roffia S, Vianello E. A hanging mercury drop electrode refillable from an external reservoir. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(69)80207-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
49
|
Roffia S, Vianello E. A drop volume method for the determination of the equilibrium interfacial tension by means of the hanging mercury drop electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1968. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(68)80026-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
50
|
|