1
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Jurgens JA, Barry BJ, Chan WM, MacKinnon S, Whitman MC, Matos Ruiz PM, Pratt BM, England EM, Pais L, Lemire G, Groopman E, Glaze C, Russell KA, Singer-Berk M, Di Gioia SA, Lee AS, Andrews C, Shaaban S, Wirth MM, Bekele S, Toffoloni M, Bradford VR, Foster EE, Berube L, Rivera-Quiles C, Mensching FM, Sanchis-Juan A, Fu JM, Wong I, Zhao X, Wilson MW, Weisburd B, Lek M, Brand H, Talkowski ME, MacArthur DG, O’Donnell-Luria A, Robson CD, Hunter DG, Engle EC. Expanding the genetics and phenotypes of ocular congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders. medRxiv 2024:2024.03.22.24304594. [PMID: 38585811 PMCID: PMC10996726 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.22.24304594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Purpose To identify genetic etiologies and genotype/phenotype associations for unsolved ocular congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (oCCDDs). Methods We coupled phenotyping with exome or genome sequencing of 467 pedigrees with genetically unsolved oCCDDs, integrating analyses of pedigrees, human and animal model phenotypes, and de novo variants to identify rare candidate single nucleotide variants, insertion/deletions, and structural variants disrupting protein-coding regions. Prioritized variants were classified for pathogenicity and evaluated for genotype/phenotype correlations. Results Analyses elucidated phenotypic subgroups, identified pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant(s) in 43/467 probands (9.2%), and prioritized variants of uncertain significance in 70/467 additional probands (15.0%). These included known and novel variants in established oCCDD genes, genes associated with syndromes that sometimes include oCCDDs (e.g., MYH10, KIF21B, TGFBR2, TUBB6), genes that fit the syndromic component of the phenotype but had no prior oCCDD association (e.g., CDK13, TGFB2), genes with no reported association with oCCDDs or the syndromic phenotypes (e.g., TUBA4A, KIF5C, CTNNA1, KLB, FGF21), and genes associated with oCCDD phenocopies that had resulted in misdiagnoses. Conclusion This study suggests that unsolved oCCDDs are clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders often overlapping other Mendelian conditions and nominates many candidates for future replication and functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Jurgens
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brenda J. Barry
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Wai-Man Chan
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Sarah MacKinnon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary C. Whitman
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Brandon M. Pratt
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eleina M. England
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lynn Pais
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabrielle Lemire
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Groopman
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carmen Glaze
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn A. Russell
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Moriel Singer-Berk
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Silvio Alessandro Di Gioia
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Arthur S. Lee
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Caroline Andrews
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sherin Shaaban
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Megan M. Wirth
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Bekele
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa Toffoloni
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Emma E. Foster
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lindsay Berube
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Alba Sanchis-Juan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jack M. Fu
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isaac Wong
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuefang Zhao
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael W. Wilson
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ben Weisburd
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Monkol Lek
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Harrison Brand
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael E. Talkowski
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel G. MacArthur
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anne O’Donnell-Luria
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline D. Robson
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David G. Hunter
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth C. Engle
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Lecoquierre F, Punt AM, Ebstein F, Wallaard I, Verhagen R, Studencka-Turski M, Duffourd Y, Moutton S, Tran Mau-Them F, Philippe C, Dean J, Tennant S, Brooks AS, van Slegtenhorst MA, Jurgens JA, Barry BJ, Chan WM, England EM, Martinez Ojeda M, Engle EC, Robson CD, Morrow M, Innes AM, Lamont R, Sanderson M, Krüger E, Thauvin C, Distel B, Faivre L, Elgersma Y, Vitobello A. A recurrent missense variant in the E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate recognition subunit FEM1B causes a rare syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder. Genet Med 2024; 26:101119. [PMID: 38465576 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2024.101119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Fem1 homolog B (FEM1B) acts as a substrate recognition subunit for ubiquitin ligase complexes belonging to the CULLIN 2-based E3 family. Several biological functions have been proposed for FEM1B, including a structurally resolved function as a sensor for redox cell status by controlling mitochondrial activity, but its implication in human disease remains elusive. METHODS To understand the involvement of FEM1B in human disease, we made use of Matchmaker exchange platforms to identify individuals with de novo variants in FEM1B and performed their clinical evaluation. We performed functional validation using primary neuronal cultures and in utero electroporation assays, as well as experiments on patient's cells. RESULTS Five individuals with a recurrent de novo missense variant in FEM1B were identified: NM_015322.5:c.377G>A NP_056137.1:p.(Arg126Gln) (FEM1BR126Q). Affected individuals shared a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with behavioral phenotypes and a variable set of malformations, including brain anomalies, clubfeet, skeletal abnormalities, and facial dysmorphism. Overexpression of the FEM1BR126Q variant but not FEM1B wild-type protein, during mouse brain development, resulted in delayed neuronal migration of the target cells. In addition, the individuals' cells exhibited signs of oxidative stress and induction of type I interferon signaling. CONCLUSION Overall, our data indicate that p.(Arg126Gln) induces aberrant FEM1B activation, resulting in a gain-of-function mechanism associated with a severe syndromic developmental disorder in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Lecoquierre
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, Rouen, France; UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France.
| | - A Mattijs Punt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frédéric Ebstein
- Institut für Medizinische Biochemie und Molekularbiologie (IMBM), Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Nantes Université, INSERM, CNRS, l'institut du thorax, Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - Ilse Wallaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Verhagen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maja Studencka-Turski
- Institut für Medizinische Biochemie und Molekularbiologie (IMBM), Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Yannis Duffourd
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sébastien Moutton
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Frédédic Tran Mau-Them
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France; Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Christophe Philippe
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France; Laboratoire de Génétique, CHR Metz-Thionville, Hôpital Mercy, Metz, France
| | - John Dean
- Department of Medical Genetics, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Tennant
- NHS Grampian, Genetics & Molecular Pathology Laboratory Services, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Alice S Brooks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Julie A Jurgens
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Brenda J Barry
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Wai-Man Chan
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Eleina M England
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Elizabeth C Engle
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD; Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Caroline D Robson
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - A Micheil Innes
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health and Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ryan Lamont
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health and Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Matthea Sanderson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Elke Krüger
- Institut für Medizinische Biochemie und Molekularbiologie (IMBM), Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christel Thauvin
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France; Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France; Centre de référence maladies rares « Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares », Centre de Génétique, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Ben Distel
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laurence Faivre
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France; Centre de Référence maladies rares « Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs », Centre de Génétique, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Ype Elgersma
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Vitobello
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France; Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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3
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Martinez Sanchez M, Chan WM, MacKinnon SE, Barry B, Hunter DG, Engle EC, Whitman MC. Presence of Copy Number Variants Associated With Esotropia in Patients With Exotropia. JAMA Ophthalmol 2024; 142:243-247. [PMID: 38358749 PMCID: PMC10870223 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2023.6782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Importance Strabismus is a common ocular disorder of childhood. There is a clear genetic component to strabismus, but it is not known if esotropia and exotropia share genetic risk factors. Objective To determine whether genetic duplications associated with esotropia are also associated with exotropia. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a cross-sectional study conducted from November 2005 to December 2023. Individuals with constant or intermittent exotropia of any magnitude or a history of surgery for exotropia were recruited from pediatric ophthalmic practices. Data were analyzed from March to December 2023. Exposure Genetic duplication. Main Outcomes and Measures Presence of genetic duplications at 2p11.2, 4p15.2, and 10q11.22 assessed by digital droplet polymerase chain reaction. Orthoptic measurements and history of strabismus surgery were performed. Results A total of 234 individuals (mean [SD] age, 19.5 [19.0] years; 127 female [54.3%]) were included in this study. The chromosome 2 duplication was present in 1.7% of patients with exotropia (4 of 234; P = .40), a similar proportion to the 1.4% of patients with esotropia (23 of 1614) in whom it was previously reported and higher than the 0.1% of controls (4 of 3922) previously reported (difference, 1.6%; 95% CI, 0%-3.3%; P < .001). The chromosome 4 duplication was present in 3.0% of patients with exotropia (7 of 234; P = .10), a similar proportion to the 1.7% of patients with esotropia (27 of 1614) and higher than the 0.2% of controls (6 of 3922) in whom it was previously reported (difference, 2.8%; 95% CI, 0.6%-5.0%; P < .001). The chromosome 10 duplication was present in 6.0% of patients with exotropia (14 of 234; P = .08), a similar proportion to the 4% of patients with esotropia (64 of 1614) and higher than the 0.4% of controls (18 of 3922) in whom it was previously reported (difference, 5.6%; 95% CI, 2.5%-8.6%; P < .001). Individuals with a duplication had higher mean (SD) magnitude of deviation (31 [13] vs 22 [14] prism diopters [PD]; difference, 9 PD; 95% CI, 1-16 PD; P = .03), were more likely to have constant (vs intermittent) exotropia (70% vs 29%; difference, 41%; 95% CI, 20.8%-61.2%; P < .001), and had a higher rate of exotropia surgery than those without a duplication (58% vs 34%; difference, 24%; 95% CI, 3%-44%; P = .02). Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study, results suggest that the genetic duplications on chromosomes 2, 4, and 10 were risk factors for exotropia as well as esotropia. These findings support the possibility that esotropia and exotropia have shared genetic risk factors. Whether esotropia or exotropia develops in the presence of these duplications may be influenced by other shared or independent genetic variants or by environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Martinez Sanchez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wai-Man Chan
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah E. MacKinnon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brenda Barry
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David G. Hunter
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth C. Engle
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | - Mary C. Whitman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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4
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Lee TC, Walker E, Ting MA, Bolar DS, Koning J, Korn BS, Kikkawa DO, Granet D, Robbins SL, Alperin M, Engle EC, Liu CY, Rudell JC. The influence of orbital architecture on strabismus in craniosynostosis. J AAPOS 2024; 28:103812. [PMID: 38219920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To better characterize the correlation of bony orbital dysmorphology with strabismus in craniosynostosis. METHODS The medical records of patients with craniosynostosis with and without strabismus seen at Rady Children's Hospital (San Diego, CA) from March 2020 to January 2022 were reviewed retrospectively in this masked, case-control study. Computed tomography scans of the orbits were analyzed to obtain dimensions of the orbital entrance and orbital cone. Primary outcome was correlation of strabismus with orbital measurements. RESULTS A total of 30 orbits from 15 patients with strabismus and 15 controls were included. Craniofacial disorders included in the study were nonsyndromic craniosynostosis (63%), Crouzon syndrome (13%), Apert syndrome (13%), and Pfeiffer syndrome (10%). Orbital index (height:width ratio) (P = 0.01) and medial orbital wall angle (P = 0.04) were found to differ significantly between the strabismus and control groups. CONCLUSIONS In our small cohort, bony orbital dimensions, including the ratio of orbital height to width and bowing of the medial orbital wall, were associated with strabismus in craniosynostosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya C Lee
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Evan Walker
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Michelle A Ting
- Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Divya S Bolar
- Center for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jeffrey Koning
- Department of Radiology, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California
| | - Bobby S Korn
- Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Don O Kikkawa
- Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - David Granet
- Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Shira L Robbins
- Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Marianna Alperin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | - Catherine Y Liu
- Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jolene C Rudell
- Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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5
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Lee AS, Ayers LJ, Kosicki M, Chan WM, Fozo LN, Pratt BM, Collins TE, Zhao B, Rose MF, Sanchis-Juan A, Fu JM, Wong I, Zhao X, Tenney AP, Lee C, Laricchia KM, Barry BJ, Bradford VR, Lek M, MacArthur DG, Lee EA, Talkowski ME, Brand H, Pennacchio LA, Engle EC. A cell type-aware framework for nominating non-coding variants in Mendelian regulatory disorders. medRxiv 2023:2023.12.22.23300468. [PMID: 38234731 PMCID: PMC10793524 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.22.23300468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Unsolved Mendelian cases often lack obvious pathogenic coding variants, suggesting potential non-coding etiologies. Here, we present a single cell multi-omic framework integrating embryonic mouse chromatin accessibility, histone modification, and gene expression assays to discover cranial motor neuron (cMN) cis-regulatory elements and subsequently nominate candidate non-coding variants in the congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDDs), a set of Mendelian disorders altering cMN development. We generated single cell epigenomic profiles for ~86,000 cMNs and related cell types, identifying ~250,000 accessible regulatory elements with cognate gene predictions for ~145,000 putative enhancers. Seventy-five percent of elements (44 of 59) validated in an in vivo transgenic reporter assay, demonstrating that single cell accessibility is a strong predictor of enhancer activity. Applying our cMN atlas to 899 whole genome sequences from 270 genetically unsolved CCDD pedigrees, we achieved significant reduction in our variant search space and nominated candidate variants predicted to regulate known CCDD disease genes MAFB, PHOX2A, CHN1, and EBF3 - as well as new candidates in recurrently mutated enhancers through peak- and gene-centric allelic aggregation. This work provides novel non-coding variant discoveries of relevance to CCDDs and a generalizable framework for nominating non-coding variants of potentially high functional impact in other Mendelian disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur S Lee
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Lauren J Ayers
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael Kosicki
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
| | - Wai-Man Chan
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Lydia N Fozo
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Brandon M Pratt
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas E Collins
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Boxun Zhao
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew F Rose
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Medical Genetics Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alba Sanchis-Juan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jack M Fu
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Isaac Wong
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Xuefang Zhao
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alan P Tenney
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Cassia Lee
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Harvard College, Cambridge, MA
| | - Kristen M Laricchia
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Brenda J Barry
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Victoria R Bradford
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Monkol Lek
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Daniel G MacArthur
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Centre for Population Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Population Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eunjung Alice Lee
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael E Talkowski
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Harrison Brand
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Len A Pennacchio
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Medical Genetics Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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6
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Japee S, Jordan J, Licht J, Lokey S, Chen G, Snow J, Jabs EW, Webb BD, Engle EC, Manoli I, Baker C, Ungerleider LG. Inability to move one's face dampens facial expression perception. Cortex 2023; 169:35-49. [PMID: 37852041 PMCID: PMC10836030 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Humans rely heavily on facial expressions for social communication to convey their thoughts and emotions and to understand them in others. One prominent but controversial view is that humans learn to recognize the significance of facial expressions by mimicking the expressions of others. This view predicts that an inability to make facial expressions (e.g., facial paralysis) would result in reduced perceptual sensitivity to others' facial expressions. To test this hypothesis, we developed a diverse battery of sensitive emotion recognition tasks to characterize expression perception in individuals with Moebius Syndrome (MBS), a congenital neurological disorder that causes facial palsy. Using computer-based detection tasks we systematically assessed expression perception thresholds for static and dynamic face and body expressions. We found that while MBS individuals were able to perform challenging perceptual control tasks and body expression tasks, they were less efficient at extracting emotion from facial expressions, compared to matched controls. Exploratory analyses of fMRI data from a small group of MBS participants suggested potentially reduced engagement of the amygdala in MBS participants during expression processing relative to matched controls. Collectively, these results suggest a role for facial mimicry and consequent facial feedback and motor experience in the perception of others' facial expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Japee
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Jessica Jordan
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Judith Licht
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Savannah Lokey
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gang Chen
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Snow
- Office of the Clinical Director, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ethylin Wang Jabs
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bryn D Webb
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Irini Manoli
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chris Baker
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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7
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Abstract
Neuronal migration and axon growth and guidance require precise control of microtubule dynamics and microtubule-based cargo transport. TUBB3 encodes the neuronal-specific β-tubulin isotype III, TUBB3, a component of neuronal microtubules expressed throughout the life of central and peripheral neurons. Human pathogenic TUBB3 missense variants result in altered TUBB3 function and cause errors either in the growth and guidance of cranial and, to a lesser extent, central axons, or in cortical neuronal migration and organization, and rarely in both. Moreover, human pathogenic missense variants in KIF21A, which encodes an anterograde kinesin motor protein that interacts directly with microtubules, alter KIF21A function and cause errors in cranial axon growth and guidance that can phenocopy TUBB3 variants. Here, we review reported TUBB3 and KIF21A variants, resulting phenotypes, and corresponding functional studies of both wildtype and mutant proteins. We summarize the evidence that, in vitro and in mouse models, loss-of-function and missense variants can alter microtubule dynamics and microtubule-kinesin interactions. Lastly, we highlight additional studies that might contribute to our understanding of the relationship between specific tubulin isotypes and specific kinesin motor proteins in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Puri
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Brenda J. Barry
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Elizabeth C. Engle
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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8
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Tenney AP, Di Gioia SA, Webb BD, Chan WM, de Boer E, Garnai SJ, Barry BJ, Ray T, Kosicki M, Robson CD, Zhang Z, Collins TE, Gelber A, Pratt BM, Fujiwara Y, Varshney A, Lek M, Warburton PE, Van Ryzin C, Lehky TJ, Zalewski C, King KA, Brewer CC, Thurm A, Snow J, Facio FM, Narisu N, Bonnycastle LL, Swift A, Chines PS, Bell JL, Mohan S, Whitman MC, Staffieri SE, Elder JE, Demer JL, Torres A, Rachid E, Al-Haddad C, Boustany RM, Mackey DA, Brady AF, Fenollar-Cortés M, Fradin M, Kleefstra T, Padberg GW, Raskin S, Sato MT, Orkin SH, Parker SCJ, Hadlock TA, Vissers LELM, van Bokhoven H, Jabs EW, Collins FS, Pennacchio LA, Manoli I, Engle EC. Noncoding variants alter GATA2 expression in rhombomere 4 motor neurons and cause dominant hereditary congenital facial paresis. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1149-1163. [PMID: 37386251 PMCID: PMC10335940 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary congenital facial paresis type 1 (HCFP1) is an autosomal dominant disorder of absent or limited facial movement that maps to chromosome 3q21-q22 and is hypothesized to result from facial branchial motor neuron (FBMN) maldevelopment. In the present study, we report that HCFP1 results from heterozygous duplications within a neuron-specific GATA2 regulatory region that includes two enhancers and one silencer, and from noncoding single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) within the silencer. Some SNVs impair binding of NR2F1 to the silencer in vitro and in vivo and attenuate in vivo enhancer reporter expression in FBMNs. Gata2 and its effector Gata3 are essential for inner-ear efferent neuron (IEE) but not FBMN development. A humanized HCFP1 mouse model extends Gata2 expression, favors the formation of IEEs over FBMNs and is rescued by conditional loss of Gata3. These findings highlight the importance of temporal gene regulation in development and of noncoding variation in rare mendelian disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan P Tenney
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Silvio Alessandro Di Gioia
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Bryn D Webb
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wai-Man Chan
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Elke de Boer
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah J Garnai
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brenda J Barry
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Tammy Ray
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Kosicki
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Caroline D Robson
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhongyang Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas E Collins
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alon Gelber
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brandon M Pratt
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuko Fujiwara
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arushi Varshney
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Monkol Lek
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peter E Warburton
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomics Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carol Van Ryzin
- Metabolic Medicine Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tanya J Lehky
- EMG Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Zalewski
- Audiology Unit, Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kelly A King
- Audiology Unit, Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carmen C Brewer
- Audiology Unit, Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Audrey Thurm
- Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Phenotyping Service, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Snow
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Flavia M Facio
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Invitae Corporation, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Narisu Narisu
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lori L Bonnycastle
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy Swift
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter S Chines
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jessica L Bell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suresh Mohan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary C Whitman
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandra E Staffieri
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - James E Elder
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joseph L Demer
- Stein Eye Institute and Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alcy Torres
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Aram V. Chobanian & Edward Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elza Rachid
- Department of Ophthalmology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Christiane Al-Haddad
- Department of Ophthalmology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rose-Mary Boustany
- Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine/Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - David A Mackey
- Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Angela F Brady
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK
| | - María Fenollar-Cortés
- Unidad de Genética Clínica, Instituto de Medicina del Laboratorio. IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Melanie Fradin
- Service de Génétique Clinique, CHU Rennes, Centre Labellisé Anomalies du Développement, Rennes, France
| | - Tjitske Kleefstra
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Center of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, the Netherlands
| | - George W Padberg
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Salmo Raskin
- Centro de Aconselhamento e Laboratório Genetika, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mario Teruo Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology & Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Stuart H Orkin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen C J Parker
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tessa A Hadlock
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisenka E L M Vissers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans van Bokhoven
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ethylin Wang Jabs
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francis S Collins
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Len A Pennacchio
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Irini Manoli
- Metabolic Medicine Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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9
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Whitman MC, Gilette NM, Bell JL, Kim SA, Tischfield M, Engle EC. TWIST1, a gene associated with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, regulates extraocular muscle organization in mouse. Dev Biol 2022; 490:126-133. [PMID: 35944701 PMCID: PMC9765759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Heterozygous loss of function mutations in TWIST1 cause Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, which is characterized by craniosynostosis, facial asymmetry, ptosis, strabismus, and distinctive ear appearance. Individuals with syndromic craniosynostosis have high rates of strabismus and ptosis, but the underlying pathology is unknown. Some individuals with syndromic craniosynostosis have been noted to have absence of individual extraocular muscles or abnormal insertions of the extraocular muscles on the globe. Using conditional knock-out alleles for Twist1 in cranial mesenchyme, we test the hypothesis that Twist1 is required for extraocular muscle organization and position, attachment to the globe, and/or innervation by the cranial nerves. We examined the extraocular muscles in conditional Twist1 knock-out animals using Twist2-cre and Pdgfrb-cre drivers. Both are expressed in cranial mesoderm and neural crest. Conditional inactivation of Twist1 using these drivers leads to disorganized extraocular muscles that cannot be reliably identified as specific muscles. Tendons do not form normally at the insertion and origin of these dysplastic muscles. Knock-out of Twist1 expression in tendon precursors, using scleraxis-cre, however, does not alter EOM organization. Furthermore, developing motor neurons, which do not express Twist1, display abnormal axonal trajectories in the orbit in the presence of dysplastic extraocular muscles. Strabismus in individuals with TWIST1 mutations may therefore be caused by abnormalities in extraocular muscle development and secondary abnormalities in innervation and tendon formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Whitman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nicole M Gilette
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jessica L Bell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Seoyoung A Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Max Tischfield
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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10
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Kuht HJ, Maconachie GDE, Han J, Kessel L, van Genderen MM, McLean RJ, Hisaund M, Tu Z, Hertle RW, Gronskov K, Bai D, Wei A, Li W, Jiao Y, Smirnov V, Choi JH, Tobin MD, Sheth V, Purohit R, Dawar B, Girach A, Strul S, May L, Chen FK, Heath Jeffery RC, Aamir A, Sano R, Jin J, Brooks BP, Kohl S, Arveiler B, Montoliu L, Engle EC, Proudlock FA, Nishad G, Pani P, Varma G, Gottlob I, Thomas MG. Genotypic and Phenotypic Spectrum of Foveal Hypoplasia: A Multicenter Study. Ophthalmology 2022; 129:708-718. [PMID: 35157951 PMCID: PMC9341240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of foveal hypoplasia (FH). DESIGN Multicenter, observational study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 907 patients with a confirmed molecular diagnosis of albinism, PAX6, SLC38A8, FRMD7, AHR, or achromatopsia from 12 centers in 9 countries (n = 523) or extracted from publicly available datasets from previously reported literature (n = 384). METHODS Individuals with a confirmed molecular diagnosis and availability of foveal OCT scans were identified from 12 centers or from the literature between January 2011 and March 2021. A genetic diagnosis was confirmed by sequence analysis. Grading of FH was derived from OCT scans. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Grade of FH, presence or absence of photoreceptor specialization (PRS+ vs. PRS-), molecular diagnosis, and visual acuity (VA). RESULTS The most common genetic etiology for typical FH in our cohort was albinism (67.5%), followed by PAX6 (21.8%), SLC38A8 (6.8%), and FRMD7 (3.5%) variants. AHR variants were rare (0.4%). Atypical FH was seen in 67.4% of achromatopsia cases. Atypical FH in achromatopsia had significantly worse VA than typical FH (P < 0.0001). There was a significant difference in the spectrum of FH grades based on the molecular diagnosis (chi-square = 60.4, P < 0.0001). All SLC38A8 cases were PRS- (P = 0.003), whereas all FRMD7 cases were PRS+ (P < 0.0001). Analysis of albinism subtypes revealed a significant difference in the grade of FH (chi-square = 31.4, P < 0.0001) and VA (P = 0.0003) between oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) compared with ocular albinism (OA) and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS). Ocular albinism and HPS demonstrated higher grades of FH and worse VA than OCA. There was a significant difference (P < 0.0001) in VA between FRMD7 variants compared with other diagnoses associated with FH. CONCLUSIONS We characterized the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of FH. Atypical FH is associated with a worse prognosis than all other forms of FH. In typical FH, our data suggest that arrested retinal development occurs earlier in SLC38A8, OA, HPS, and AHR variants and later in FRMD7 variants. The defined time period of foveal developmental arrest for OCA and PAX6 variants seems to demonstrate more variability. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into disorders associated with FH and have significant prognostic and diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J Kuht
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Foveal Development Investigators Group
| | - Gail D E Maconachie
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Academic Unit of Ophthalmology and Orthoptics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Foveal Development Investigators Group
| | - Jinu Han
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Foveal Development Investigators Group
| | - Line Kessel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Foveal Development Investigators Group
| | - Maria M van Genderen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Bartiméus Diagnostic Centre for Complex Visual Disorders, Zeist, The Netherlands; Foveal Development Investigators Group
| | - Rebecca J McLean
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Hisaund
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Zhanhan Tu
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Foveal Development Investigators Group
| | - Richard W Hertle
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute and The Children's Vision Center, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, Ohio; Department of Surgery, The Northeastern Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio; Foveal Development Investigators Group
| | - Karen Gronskov
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet-Kennedy Center, Glostrup, Denmark; Foveal Development Investigators Group
| | - Dayong Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Foveal Development Investigators Group
| | - Aihua Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Foveal Development Investigators Group
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute; Rare Disease Center, National Center for Children's Health; MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Foveal Development Investigators Group
| | - Yonghong Jiao
- Beijing Tongren Eye Centre, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China; Foveal Development Investigators Group
| | - Vasily Smirnov
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; Exploration de la Vision et Neuro-Ophtalmologie, CHU de Lille, Lille, France; Foveal Development Investigators Group
| | - Jae-Hwan Choi
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea; Foveal Development Investigators Group
| | - Martin D Tobin
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Foveal Development Investigators Group
| | - Viral Sheth
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Academic Unit of Ophthalmology and Orthoptics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ravi Purohit
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Basu Dawar
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Ayesha Girach
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Sasha Strul
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Foveal Development Investigators Group
| | - Laura May
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Foveal Development Investigators Group
| | - Fred K Chen
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia; Foveal Development Investigators Group
| | - Rachael C Heath Jeffery
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia; Foveal Development Investigators Group
| | - Abdullah Aamir
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Ronaldo Sano
- Retina and Vitreous Sector of Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Foveal Development Investigators Group
| | - Jing Jin
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Nemours Children's Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Brian P Brooks
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Foveal Development Investigators Group
| | - Susanne Kohl
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Foveal Development Investigators Group
| | - Benoit Arveiler
- Rare Diseases, Genetics and Metabolism, INSERM U1211, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France; Foveal Development Investigators Group
| | - Lluis Montoliu
- National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC) and CIBERER-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Foveal Development Investigators Group
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland; Foveal Development Investigators Group
| | - Frank A Proudlock
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Garima Nishad
- International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Prateek Pani
- International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Girish Varma
- International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, India; Foveal Development Investigators Group
| | - Irene Gottlob
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Foveal Development Investigators Group; Cooper Neurological Institute, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Mervyn G Thomas
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Foveal Development Investigators Group.
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11
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Natera-de Benito D, Jurgens JA, Yeung A, Zaharieva IT, Manzur A, DiTroia SP, Di Gioia SA, Pais L, Pini V, Barry BJ, Chan WM, Elder JE, Christodoulou J, Hay E, England EM, Munot P, Hunter DG, Feng L, Ledoux D, O'Donnell-Luria A, Phadke R, Engle EC, Sarkozy A, Muntoni F. Recessive variants in COL25A1 gene as novel cause of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita with ocular congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:487-498. [PMID: 35077597 PMCID: PMC8960342 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A proper interaction between muscle-derived collagen XXV and its motor neuron-derived receptors protein tyrosine phosphatases σ and δ (PTP σ/δ) is indispensable for intramuscular motor innervation. Despite this, thus far, pathogenic recessive variants in the COL25A1 gene had only been detected in a few patients with isolated ocular congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders. Here we describe five patients from three unrelated families with recessive missense and splice site COL25A1 variants presenting with a recognizable phenotype characterized by arthrogryposis multiplex congenita with or without an ocular congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder phenotype. The clinical features of the older patients remained stable over time, without central nervous system involvement. This study extends the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of COL25A1 related conditions, and further adds to our knowledge of the complex process of intramuscular motor innervation. Our observations indicate a role for collagen XXV in regulating the appropriate innervation not only of extraocular muscles, but also of bulbar, axial, and limb muscles in the human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Natera-de Benito
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julie A Jurgens
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alison Yeung
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Irina T Zaharieva
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Adnan Manzur
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Stephanie P DiTroia
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Silvio Alessandro Di Gioia
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lynn Pais
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Veronica Pini
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Brenda J Barry
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Wai-Man Chan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - James E Elder
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Childrens's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Christodoulou
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eleanor Hay
- Department of Clinical Genetics, North East Thames Regional Genetic Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Eleina M England
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pinki Munot
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - David G Hunter
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lucy Feng
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Danielle Ledoux
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anne O'Donnell-Luria
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rahul Phadke
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna Sarkozy
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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12
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Whitman MC, Barry BJ, Robson CD, Facio FM, Van Ryzin C, Chan WM, Lehky TJ, Thurm A, Zalewski C, King KA, Brewer C, Almpani K, Lee JS, Delaney A, FitzGibbon EJ, Lee PR, Toro C, Paul SM, Abdul-Rahman OA, Webb BD, Jabs EW, Moller HU, Larsen DA, Antony JH, Troedson C, Ma A, Ragnhild G, Wirgenes KV, Tham E, Kvarnung M, Maarup TJ, MacKinnon S, Hunter DG, Collins FS, Manoli I, Engle EC. TUBB3 Arg262His causes a recognizable syndrome including CFEOM3, facial palsy, joint contractures, and early-onset peripheral neuropathy. Hum Genet 2021; 140:1709-1731. [PMID: 34652576 PMCID: PMC8656246 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are formed from heterodimers of alpha- and beta-tubulin, each of which has multiple isoforms encoded by separate genes. Pathogenic missense variants in multiple different tubulin isoforms cause brain malformations. Missense mutations in TUBB3, which encodes the neuron-specific beta-tubulin isotype, can cause congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles type 3 (CFEOM3) and/or malformations of cortical development, with distinct genotype-phenotype correlations. Here, we report fourteen individuals from thirteen unrelated families, each of whom harbors the identical NM_006086.4 (TUBB3):c.785G>A (p.Arg262His) variant resulting in a phenotype we refer to as the TUBB3 R262H syndrome. The affected individuals present at birth with ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, exotropia, facial weakness, facial dysmorphisms, and, in most cases, distal congenital joint contractures, and subsequently develop intellectual disabilities, gait disorders with proximal joint contractures, Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia), and a progressive peripheral neuropathy during the first decade of life. Subsets may also have vocal cord paralysis, auditory dysfunction, cyclic vomiting, and/or tachycardia at rest. All fourteen subjects share a recognizable set of brain malformations, including hypoplasia of the corpus callosum and anterior commissure, basal ganglia malformations, absent olfactory bulbs and sulci, and subtle cerebellar malformations. While similar, individuals with the TUBB3 R262H syndrome can be distinguished from individuals with the TUBB3 E410K syndrome by the presence of congenital and acquired joint contractures, an earlier onset peripheral neuropathy, impaired gait, and basal ganglia malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Whitman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Brenda J Barry
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Caroline D Robson
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Flavia M Facio
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Carol Van Ryzin
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wai-Man Chan
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Tanya J Lehky
- EMG Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1404, USA
| | - Audrey Thurm
- Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Phenotyping Service, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christopher Zalewski
- Audiology Unit, Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kelly A King
- Audiology Unit, Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Carmen Brewer
- Audiology Unit, Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Konstantinia Almpani
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Janice S Lee
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Angela Delaney
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Edmond J FitzGibbon
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Paul R Lee
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Camilo Toro
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Scott M Paul
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, JHU School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Omar A Abdul-Rahman
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Munroe-Meyer Institute, Omaha, NE, 68106, USA
- Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5450, USA
| | - Bryn D Webb
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ethylin Wang Jabs
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Alan Ma
- Children's Hospital Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Specialty of Genomic Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Glad Ragnhild
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Katrine V Wirgenes
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Emma Tham
- Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Kvarnung
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sarah MacKinnon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David G Hunter
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Francis S Collins
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Irini Manoli
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
- Kirby Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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13
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Abstract
The analysis of nuclear morphology plays an important role in glioma diagnosis and grading. We previously described intranuclear rods (rods) labeled with the SDL.3D10 monoclonal antibody against class III beta-tubulin (TUBB3) in human ependymomas. In a cohort of adult diffuse gliomas, we identified nuclear rods in 71.1% of IDH mutant lower-grade gliomas and 13.7% of IDH wild-type glioblastomas (GBMs). The presence of nuclear rods was associated with significantly longer postoperative survival in younger (≤65) GBM patients. Consistent with this, nuclear rods were mutually exclusive with Ki67 staining and their prevalence in cell nuclei inversely correlated with the Ki67 proliferation index. In addition, rod-containing nuclei showed a relative depletion of lamin B1, suggesting a possible association with senescence. To gain insight into their functional significance, we addressed their antigenic properties. Using a TUBB3-null mouse model, we demonstrate that the SDL.3D10 antibody does not bind TUBB3 in rods but recognizes an unknown antigen. In the present study, we show that rods show immunoreactivity for the nucleotide synthesizing enzymes inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) and cytidine triphosphate synthetase. By analogy with the IMPDH filaments that have been described previously, we postulate that rods regulate the activity of nucleotide-synthesizing enzymes in the nucleus by sequestration, with important implications for glioma behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Ahangari
- From the Department of Pathology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David G Munoz
- From the Department of Pathology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Josee Coulombe
- Center for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas A Gray
- Center for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Long Cheng
- Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John Woulfe
- Center for Cancer Therapeutics and Neurosciences, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Jurgens JA, Barry BJ, Lemire G, Chan WM, Whitman MC, Shaaban S, Robson CD, MacKinnon S, England EM, McMillan HJ, Kelly C, Pratt BM, O’Donnell-Luria A, MacArthur DG, Boycott KM, Hunter DG, Engle EC. Novel variants in TUBA1A cause congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles with or without malformations of cortical brain development. Eur J Hum Genet 2021; 29:816-826. [PMID: 33649541 PMCID: PMC8110841 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-020-00804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Variants in multiple tubulin genes have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, including malformations of cortical development (MCD) and congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM). Distinct missense variants in the beta-tubulin encoding genes TUBB3 and TUBB2B cause MCD, CFEOM, or both, suggesting substitution-specific mechanisms. Variants in the alpha tubulin-encoding gene TUBA1A have been associated with MCD, but not with CFEOM. Using exome sequencing (ES) and genome sequencing (GS), we identified 3 unrelated probands with CFEOM who harbored novel heterozygous TUBA1A missense variants c.1216C>G, p.(His406Asp); c.467G>A, p.(Arg156His); and c.1193T>G, p.(Met398Arg). MRI revealed small oculomotor-innervated muscles and asymmetrical caudate heads and lateral ventricles with or without corpus callosal thinning. Two of the three probands had MCD. Mutated amino acid residues localize either to the longitudinal interface at which α and β tubulins heterodimerize (Met398, His406) or to the lateral interface at which tubulin protofilaments interact (Arg156), and His406 interacts with the motor domain of kinesin-1. This series of individuals supports TUBA1A variants as a cause of CFEOM and expands our knowledge of tubulinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Jurgens
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Brenda J. Barry
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD USA
| | - Gabrielle Lemire
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Wai-Man Chan
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA ,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD USA
| | - Mary C. Whitman
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Sherin Shaaban
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Caroline D. Robson
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Sarah MacKinnon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Eleina M. England
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA ,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Hugh J. McMillan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Christopher Kelly
- Pediatric Ophthalmology and Physician Informatics, MultiCare Health System, Tacoma, WA USA
| | - Brandon M. Pratt
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | | | - Anne O’Donnell-Luria
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA ,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Daniel G. MacArthur
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA ,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,Centre for Population Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and UNSW, Sydney, NSW Australia ,Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Kym M. Boycott
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada ,Department of Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - David G. Hunter
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Elizabeth C. Engle
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA ,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD USA ,Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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15
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Webb BD, Manoli I, Engle EC, Jabs EW. A framework for the evaluation of patients with congenital facial weakness. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:158. [PMID: 33827624 PMCID: PMC8028830 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01736-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a broad differential for patients presenting with congenital facial weakness, and initial misdiagnosis unfortunately is common for this phenotypic presentation. Here we present a framework to guide evaluation of patients with congenital facial weakness disorders to enable accurate diagnosis. The core categories of causes of congenital facial weakness include: neurogenic, neuromuscular junction, myopathic, and other. This diagnostic algorithm is presented, and physical exam considerations, additional follow-up studies and/or consultations, and appropriate genetic testing are discussed in detail. This framework should enable clinical geneticists, neurologists, and other rare disease specialists to feel prepared when encountering this patient population and guide diagnosis, genetic counseling, and clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryn D Webb
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Irini Manoli
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Ethylin W Jabs
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Thomas MG, Maconachie GDE, Kuht HJ, Chan WM, Sheth V, Hisaund M, McLean RJ, Barry B, Al-Diri B, Proudlock FA, Tu Z, Engle EC, Gottlob I. Optic Nerve Head and Retinal Abnormalities Associated with Congenital Fibrosis of the Extraocular Muscles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2575. [PMID: 33806565 PMCID: PMC7961960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM) is a congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder caused by developmental abnormalities affecting cranial nerves/nuclei innervating the extraocular muscles. Autosomal dominant CFEOM arises from heterozygous missense mutations of KIF21A or TUBB3. Although spatiotemporal expression studies have shown KIF21A and TUBB3 expression in developing retinal ganglion cells, it is unclear whether dysinnervation extends beyond the oculomotor system. We aimed to investigate whether dysinnervation extends to the visual system by performing high-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans characterizing retinal ganglion cells within the optic nerve head and retina. Sixteen patients with CFEOM were screened for mutations in KIF21A, TUBB3, and TUBB2B. Six patients had apparent optic nerve hypoplasia. OCT showed neuro-retinal rim loss. Disc diameter, rim width, rim area, and peripapillary nerve fiber layer thickness were significantly reduced in CFEOM patients compared to controls (p < 0.005). Situs inversus of retinal vessels was seen in five patients. Our study provides evidence of structural optic nerve and retinal changes in CFEOM. We show for the first time that there are widespread retinal changes beyond the retinal ganglion cells in patients with CFEOM. This study shows that the phenotype in CFEOM extends beyond the motor nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervyn G. Thomas
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, RKCSB, PO Box 65, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK; (G.D.E.M.); (H.J.K.); (V.S.); (M.H.); (R.J.M.); (F.A.P.); (Z.T.)
| | - Gail D. E. Maconachie
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, RKCSB, PO Box 65, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK; (G.D.E.M.); (H.J.K.); (V.S.); (M.H.); (R.J.M.); (F.A.P.); (Z.T.)
- Division of Ophthalmology & Orthoptics, Health Sciences School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Helen J. Kuht
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, RKCSB, PO Box 65, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK; (G.D.E.M.); (H.J.K.); (V.S.); (M.H.); (R.J.M.); (F.A.P.); (Z.T.)
| | - Wai-Man Chan
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (W.-M.C.); (B.B.); (E.C.E.)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, MD 20815, USA
| | - Viral Sheth
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, RKCSB, PO Box 65, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK; (G.D.E.M.); (H.J.K.); (V.S.); (M.H.); (R.J.M.); (F.A.P.); (Z.T.)
| | - Michael Hisaund
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, RKCSB, PO Box 65, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK; (G.D.E.M.); (H.J.K.); (V.S.); (M.H.); (R.J.M.); (F.A.P.); (Z.T.)
| | - Rebecca J. McLean
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, RKCSB, PO Box 65, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK; (G.D.E.M.); (H.J.K.); (V.S.); (M.H.); (R.J.M.); (F.A.P.); (Z.T.)
| | - Brenda Barry
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (W.-M.C.); (B.B.); (E.C.E.)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, MD 20815, USA
| | - Bashir Al-Diri
- Brayford Pool Campus, School of Computer Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK;
| | - Frank A. Proudlock
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, RKCSB, PO Box 65, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK; (G.D.E.M.); (H.J.K.); (V.S.); (M.H.); (R.J.M.); (F.A.P.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zhanhan Tu
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, RKCSB, PO Box 65, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK; (G.D.E.M.); (H.J.K.); (V.S.); (M.H.); (R.J.M.); (F.A.P.); (Z.T.)
| | - Elizabeth C. Engle
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (W.-M.C.); (B.B.); (E.C.E.)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, MD 20815, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Irene Gottlob
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, RKCSB, PO Box 65, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK; (G.D.E.M.); (H.J.K.); (V.S.); (M.H.); (R.J.M.); (F.A.P.); (Z.T.)
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17
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Lehky T, Joseph R, Toro C, Wu T, Van Ryzin C, Gropman A, Facio FM, Webb BD, Jabs EW, Barry BS, Engle EC, Collins FS, Manoli I. Differentiating Moebius syndrome and other congenital facial weakness disorders with electrodiagnostic studies. Muscle Nerve 2021; 63:516-524. [PMID: 33389762 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Congenital facial weakness (CFW) can result from facial nerve paresis with or without other cranial nerve and systemic involvement, or generalized neuropathic and myopathic disorders. Moebius syndrome is one type of CFW. In this study we explored the utility of electrodiagnostic studies (EDx) in the evaluation of individuals with CFW. METHODS Forty-three subjects enrolled prospectively into a dedicated clinical protocol and had EDx evaluations, including blink reflex and facial and peripheral nerve conduction studies, with optional needle electromyography. RESULTS MBS and hereditary congenital facial paresis (HCFP) subjects had low-amplitude cranial nerve 7 responses without other neuropathic or myopathic findings. Carriers of specific pathogenic variants in TUBB3 had, in addition, a generalized sensorimotor axonal polyneuropathy with demyelinating features. Myopathic findings were detected in individuals with Carey-Fineman-Ziter syndrome, myotonic dystrophy, other undefined myopathies, or CFW with arthrogryposis, ophthalmoplegia, and other system involvement. DISCUSSION EDx in CFW subjects can assist in characterizing the underlying pathogenesis, as well as guide diagnosis and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Lehky
- EMG Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Reversa Joseph
- EMG Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Chalmers P. Wylie Veterans Administration, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Camilo Toro
- Undiagnosed Disease Program, OCD, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tianxia Wu
- Clinical Trials Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carol Van Ryzin
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea Gropman
- Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics and Neurogenetics, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Flavia M Facio
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bryn D Webb
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ethylin W Jabs
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brenda S Barry
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francis S Collins
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, Immediate Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Irini Manoli
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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18
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Whitman MC, Di Gioia SA, Chan WM, Gelber A, Pratt BM, Bell JL, Collins TE, Knowles JA, Armoskus C, Pato M, Pato C, Shaaban S, Staffieri S, MacKinnon S, Maconachie GDE, Elder JE, Traboulsi EI, Gottlob I, Mackey DA, Hunter DG, Engle EC. Recurrent Rare Copy Number Variants Increase Risk for Esotropia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:22. [PMID: 32780866 PMCID: PMC7443120 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.10.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine whether rare copy number variants (CNVs) increase risk for comitant esotropia. Methods CNVs were identified in 1614 Caucasian individuals with comitant esotropia and 3922 Caucasian controls from Illumina SNP genotyping using two Hidden Markov model (HMM) algorithms, PennCNV and QuantiSNP, which call CNVs based on logR ratio and B allele frequency. Deletions and duplications greater than 10 kb were included. Common CNVs were excluded. Association testing was performed with 1 million permutations in PLINK. Significant CNVs were confirmed with digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR). Whole genome sequencing was performed to determine insertion location and breakpoints. Results Esotropia patients have similar rates and proportions of CNVs compared with controls but greater total length and average size of both deletions and duplications. Three recurrent rare duplications significantly (P = 1 × 10−6) increase the risk of esotropia: chromosome 2p11.2 (hg19, 2:87428677-87965359), spanning one long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and two microRNAs (OR 14.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.4–38.1); chromosome 4p15.2 (hg19, 4:25554332-25577184), spanning one lncRNA (OR 11.1; 95% CI 4.6–25.2); chromosome 10q11.22 (hg19, 10:47049547-47703870) spanning seven protein-coding genes, one lncRNA, and four pseudogenes (OR 8.96; 95% CI 5.4–14.9). Overall, 114 cases (7%) and only 28 controls (0.7%) had one of the three rare duplications. No case nor control had more than one of these three duplications. Conclusions Rare CNVs are a source of genetic variation that contribute to the genetic risk for comitant esotropia, which is likely polygenic. Future research into the functional consequences of these recurrent duplications may shed light on the pathophysiology of esotropia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Whitman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Silvio Alessandro Di Gioia
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Wai-Man Chan
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Alon Gelber
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Brandon M Pratt
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jessica L Bell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Thomas E Collins
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - James A Knowles
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, United States
| | - Christopher Armoskus
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, United States
| | - Michele Pato
- Institute for Genomic Health, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States
| | - Carlos Pato
- Institute for Genomic Health, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States
| | - Sherin Shaaban
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Present address: Department of Pathology and ARUP Laboratories, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Sandra Staffieri
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah MacKinnon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Gail D E Maconachie
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behavior, The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - James E Elder
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elias I Traboulsi
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Irene Gottlob
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behavior, The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - David A Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.,Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David G Hunter
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States
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19
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Tenney AP, Livet J, Belton T, Prochazkova M, Pearson EM, Whitman MC, Kulkarni AB, Engle EC, Henderson CE. Etv1 Controls the Establishment of Non-overlapping Motor Innervation of Neighboring Facial Muscles during Development. Cell Rep 2020; 29:437-452.e4. [PMID: 31597102 PMCID: PMC7032945 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The somatotopic motor-neuron projections onto their cognate target muscles are essential for coordinated movement, but how that occurs for facial motor circuits, which have critical roles in respiratory and interactive behaviors, is poorly understood. We report extensive molecular heterogeneity in developing facial motor neurons in the mouse and identify markers of subnuclei and the motor pools innervating specific facial muscles. Facial subnuclei differentiate during migration to the ventral hindbrain, where neurons with progressively later birth dates—and evolutionarily more recent functions—settle in more-lateral positions. One subpopulation marker, ETV1, determines both positional and target muscle identity for neurons of the dorsolateral (DL) subnucleus. In Etv1 mutants, many markers of DL differentiation are lost, and individual motor pools project indifferently to their own and neighboring muscle targets. The resulting aberrant activation patterns are reminiscent of the facial synkinesis observed in humans after facial nerve injury. Tenney et al. demonstrate that embryonic facial motor neurons are transcriptionally diverse as they establish somatotopic innervation of the facial muscles, a process that requires the transcription factor ETV1. Facial-motor axon-targeting errors in Etv1 mutants cause coordination of whisking and eyeblink evocative of human blepharospasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan P Tenney
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease (MNC), Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Jean Livet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Timothy Belton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michaela Prochazkova
- Functional Genomics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Erica M Pearson
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease (MNC), Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mary C Whitman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ashok B Kulkarni
- Functional Genomics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Christopher E Henderson
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease (MNC), Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Stem Cell Initiative (CSCI), Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative (CTNI), Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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20
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Grant PE, Im K, Ahtam B, Laurentys CT, Chan WM, Brainard M, Chew S, Drottar M, Robson CD, Drmic I, Engle EC. Altered White Matter Organization in the TUBB3 E410K Syndrome. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:3561-3576. [PMID: 30272120 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Seven unrelated individuals (four pediatric, three adults) with the TUBB3 E410K syndrome, harboring identical de novo heterozygous TUBB3 c.1228 G>A mutations, underwent neuropsychological testing and neuroimaging. Despite the absence of cortical malformations, they have intellectual and social disabilities. To search for potential etiologies for these deficits, we compared their brain's structural and white matter organization to 22 controls using structural and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. Diffusion images were processed to calculate fractional anisotropy (FA) and perform tract reconstructions. Cortical parcellation-based network analysis and gyral topology-based FA analyses were performed. Major interhemispheric, projection and intrahemispheric tracts were manually segmented. Subjects had decreased corpus callosum volume and decreased network efficiency. While only pediatric subjects had diffuse decreases in FA predominantly affecting mid- and long-range tracts, only adult subjects had white matter volume loss associated with decreased cortical surface area. All subjects showed aberrant corticospinal tract trajectory and bilateral absence of the dorsal language network long segment. Furthermore, pediatric subjects had more tracts with decreased FA compared with controls than did adult subjects. These findings define a TUBB3 E410K neuroimaging endophenotype and lead to the hypothesis that the age-related changes are due to microscopic intrahemispheric misguided axons that are pruned during maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ellen Grant
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kiho Im
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Banu Ahtam
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cynthia T Laurentys
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wai-Man Chan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Maya Brainard
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sheena Chew
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Marie Drottar
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline D Robson
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Irene Drmic
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Ron Joyce Children's Health Centre, Hamilton, Ontario L8L 0A4, Canada
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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Whitman MC, Miyake N, Nguyen EH, Bell JL, Matos Ruiz PM, Chan WM, Di Gioia SA, Mukherjee N, Barry BJ, Bosley TM, Khan AO, Engle EC. Decreased ACKR3 (CXCR7) function causes oculomotor synkinesis in mice and humans. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:3113-3125. [PMID: 31211835 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oculomotor synkinesis is the involuntary movement of the eyes or eyelids with a voluntary attempt at a different movement. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 regulate oculomotor nerve development; mice with loss of either molecule have oculomotor synkinesis. In a consanguineous family with congenital ptosis and elevation of the ptotic eyelid with ipsilateral abduction, we identified a co-segregating homozygous missense variant (c.772G>A) in ACKR3, which encodes an atypical chemokine receptor that binds CXCL12 and functions as a scavenger receptor, regulating levels of CXCL12 available for CXCR4 signaling. The mutant protein (p.V258M) is expressed and traffics to the cell surface but has a lower binding affinity for CXCL12. Mice with loss of Ackr3 have variable phenotypes that include misrouting of the oculomotor and abducens nerves. All embryos show oculomotor nerve misrouting, ranging from complete misprojection in the midbrain, to aberrant peripheral branching, to a thin nerve, which aberrantly innervates the lateral rectus (as seen in Duane syndrome). The abducens nerve phenotype ranges from complete absence, to aberrant projections within the orbit, to a normal trajectory. Loss of ACKR3 in the midbrain leads to downregulation of CXCR4 protein, consistent with reports that excess CXCL12 causes ligand-induced degradation of CXCR4. Correspondingly, excess CXCL12 applied to ex vivo oculomotor slices causes axon misrouting, similar to inhibition of CXCR4. Thus, ACKR3, through its regulation of CXCL12 levels, is an important regulator of axon guidance in the oculomotor system; complete loss causes oculomotor synkinesis in mice, while reduced function causes oculomotor synkinesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Whitman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Noriko Miyake
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elaine H Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica L Bell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paola M Matos Ruiz
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wai-Man Chan
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Silvio Alessandro Di Gioia
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nisha Mukherjee
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brenda J Barry
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - T M Bosley
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif O Khan
- Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
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22
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Sadeghi N, Hutchinson E, Van Ryzin C, FitzGibbon EJ, Butman JA, Webb BD, Facio F, Brooks BP, Collins FS, Jabs EW, Engle EC, Manoli I, Pierpaoli C. Brain phenotyping in Moebius syndrome and other congenital facial weakness disorders by diffusion MRI morphometry. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa014. [PMID: 32328577 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used a novel imaging technique, DTI (diffusion tensor imaging)-driven tensor-based morphometry, to investigate brain anatomy in subjects diagnosed with Moebius syndrome (n = 21), other congenital facial weakness disorders (n = 9) and healthy controls (n = 15). First, we selected a subgroup of subjects who satisfied the minimum diagnostic criteria for Moebius syndrome with only mild additional neurological findings. Compared to controls, in this cohort, we found a small region of highly significant volumetric reduction in the paramedian pontine reticular formation and the medial longitudinal fasciculus, important structures for the initiation and coordination of conjugate horizontal gaze. Subsequently, we tested if volume measurements from this region could help differentiate individual subjects of the different cohorts that were included in our study. We found that this region allowed discriminating Moebius syndrome subjects from congenital facial weakness disorders and healthy controls with high sensitivity (94%) and specificity (89%). Interestingly, this region was normal in congenital facial weakness subjects with oculomotor deficits of myopathic origin, who would have been classified as Moebius on the basis of purely clinical diagnostic criteria, indicating a potential role for diffusion MRI morphometry for differential diagnosis in this condition. When the entire Moebius syndrome cohort was compared to healthy controls, in addition to this 'landmark' region, other areas of significantly reduced volume in the brainstem emerged, including the location of the nuclei and fibres of cranial nerve VI (abducens nerve), and fibres of cranial nerve VII (facial nerve), and a more rostral portion of the medial longitudinal fasciculus. The high sensitivity and specificity of DTI-driven tensor-based morphometry in reliably detecting very small areas of volumetric abnormality found in this study suggest broader applications of this analysis in personalized medicine to detect hypoplasia or atrophy of small pathways and/or brainstem nuclei in other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Sadeghi
- Quantitative Medical Imaging Section, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hutchinson
- Quantitative Medical Imaging Section, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Carol Van Ryzin
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Edmond J FitzGibbon
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John A Butman
- Radiology & Imaging Sciences Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bryn D Webb
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Flavia Facio
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brian P Brooks
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Francis S Collins
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ethylin Wang Jabs
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Department of Neurology and Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Irini Manoli
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Carlo Pierpaoli
- Quantitative Medical Imaging Section, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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23
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Fujiki R, Lee JY, Jurgens JA, Whitman MC, Engle EC. Isolation and Culture of Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Spinal Motor Neurons from Prenatal Islmn:GFP Transgenic Mice. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 31789317 DOI: 10.3791/60440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oculomotor neurons (CN3s) and trochlear neurons (CN4s) exhibit remarkable resistance to degenerative motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) when compared to spinal motor neurons (SMNs). The ability to isolate and culture primary mouse CN3s, CN4s, and SMNs would provide an approach to study mechanisms underlying this selective vulnerability. To date, most protocols use heterogeneous cell cultures, which can confound the interpretation of experimental outcomes. To minimize the problems associated with mixed-cell populations, pure cultures are indispensable. Here, the first protocol describes in detail how to efficiently purify and cultivate CN3s/CN4s alongside SMNs counterparts from the same embryos using embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5) IslMN:GFP transgenic mouse embryos. The protocol provides details on the tissue dissection and dissociation, FACS-based cell isolation, and in vitro cultivation of cells from CN3/CN4 and SMN nuclei. This protocol adds a novel in vitro CN3/CN4 culture system to existing protocols and simultaneously provides a pure species- and age-matched SMN culture for comparison. Analyses focusing on the morphological, cellular, molecular, and electrophysiological characteristics of motor neurons are feasible in this culture system. This protocol will enable research into the mechanisms that define motor neuron development, selective vulnerability, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Fujiki
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital; FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School; Medical Genetics Training Program, Harvard Medical School; Department of Neurology, Kokura Memorial Hospital
| | - Joun Y Lee
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital; FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | - Julie A Jurgens
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital; FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School; Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard
| | - Mary C Whitman
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital; FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School; Medical Genetics Training Program, Harvard Medical School; Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School; Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard; Howard Hughes Medical Institute;
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24
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Heidary G, Mackinnon S, Elliott A, Barry BJ, Engle EC, Hunter DG. Outcomes of strabismus surgery in genetically confirmed congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles. J AAPOS 2019; 23:253.e1-253.e6. [PMID: 31541710 PMCID: PMC7075702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To detail surgical strategy and strabismus outcomes in a genetically defined cohort of patients with congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM). METHODS A total of 13 patients with genetically confirmed CFEOM (via genetic testing for mutations in KIF21A, PHOX2A, and TUBB3) were retrospectively identified after undergoing strabismus surgery at Boston Children's Hospital and surgical outcomes were compared. RESULTS Age at first surgery ranged from 11 months to 63 years, with an average of 3 strabismus procedures per patient. Ten patients had CFEOM1, of whom 9 had the KIF21A R954W amino acid substitution and 1 had the M947T amino acid substitution. Of the 3 with CFEOM3, 2 had the TUBB3 E410K amino acid substitution, and 1 had a previously unreported E410V amino acid substitution. CFEOM1 patients all underwent at least 1 procedure to address chin-up posture. Chin-up posture improved from 24° ± 8° before surgery to 10.0° ± 8° postoperatively (P < 0.001). Three CFEOM1 patients developed exotropia after vertical muscle surgery alone; all had the R954W amino acid substitution. Postoperatively, 1 CFEOM1 patient developed a corneal ulcer. All CFEOM3 patients appeared to have underlying exposure keratopathy, successfully treated with prosthetic replacement of the ocular surface ecosystem (PROSE) lens in 2 patients. CONCLUSIONS CFEOM is a complex strabismus disorder for which surgical management is difficult. Despite an aggressive surgical approach, multiple procedures may be necessary to achieve a desirable surgical effect. Knowledge of the underlying genetic diagnosis may help to inform surgical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gena Heidary
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah Mackinnon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexandra Elliott
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brenda J Barry
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | - David G Hunter
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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25
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Frints SGM, Hennig F, Colombo R, Jacquemont S, Terhal P, Zimmerman HH, Hunt D, Mendelsohn BA, Kordaß U, Webster R, Sinnema M, Abdul-Rahman O, Suckow V, Fernández-Jaén A, van Roozendaal K, Stevens SJC, Macville MVE, Al-Nasiry S, van Gassen K, Utzig N, Koudijs SM, McGregor L, Maas SM, Baralle D, Dixit A, Wieacker P, Lee M, Lee AS, Engle EC, Houge G, Gradek GA, Douglas AGL, Longman C, Joss S, Velasco D, Hennekam RC, Hirata H, Kalscheuer VM. Deleterious de novo variants of X-linked ZC4H2 in females cause a variable phenotype with neurogenic arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:2270-2285. [PMID: 31206972 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in the X-linked gene ZC4H2, which encodes a zinc-finger protein, cause an infrequently described syndromic form of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) with central and peripheral nervous system involvement. We present genetic and detailed phenotypic information on 23 newly identified families and simplex cases that include 19 affected females from 18 families and 14 affected males from nine families. Of note, the 15 females with deleterious de novo ZC4H2 variants presented with phenotypes ranging from mild to severe, and their clinical features overlapped with those seen in affected males. By contrast, of the nine carrier females with inherited ZC4H2 missense variants that were deleterious in affected male relatives, four were symptomatic. We also compared clinical phenotypes with previously published cases of both sexes and provide an overview on 48 males and 57 females from 42 families. The spectrum of ZC4H2 defects comprises novel and recurrent mostly inherited missense variants in affected males, and de novo splicing, frameshift, nonsense, and partial ZC4H2 deletions in affected females. Pathogenicity of two newly identified missense variants was further supported by studies in zebrafish. We propose ZC4H2 as a good candidate for early genetic testing of males and females with a clinical suspicion of fetal hypo-/akinesia and/or (neurogenic) AMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanna G M Frints
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, azM, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Medicine Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Friederike Hennig
- Research Group Development and Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roberto Colombo
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.,Center for the Study of Rare Inherited Diseases (CeSMER), Niguarda Ca' Granda Metropolitan Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paulien Terhal
- Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics Division, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Holly H Zimmerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - David Hunt
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Bryce A Mendelsohn
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Ulrike Kordaß
- MVZ für Humangenetik und Molekularpathologie GmbH, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Richard Webster
- The Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Margje Sinnema
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, azM, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Medicine Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Omar Abdul-Rahman
- Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics & Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Vanessa Suckow
- Research Group Development and Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Kees van Roozendaal
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, azM, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Servi J C Stevens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, azM, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Medicine Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Merryn V E Macville
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, azM, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Medicine Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Salwan Al-Nasiry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prenatal Diagnostics & Therapy, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen van Gassen
- Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics Division, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Norbert Utzig
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Suzanne M Koudijs
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lesley McGregor
- SA Clinical Genetics Service, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Saskia M Maas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Baralle
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Abhijit Dixit
- City Hospital Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Peter Wieacker
- Institute of Human Genetics, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marcus Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Arthur S Lee
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | - Gunnar Houge
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gyri A Gradek
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Andrew G L Douglas
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Cheryl Longman
- West of Scotland Regional Genetic Centre, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Shelagh Joss
- West of Scotland Regional Genetic Centre, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Danita Velasco
- Department of Pediatrics, Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics & Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Raoul C Hennekam
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hiromi Hirata
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Vera M Kalscheuer
- Research Group Development and Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
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26
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Kruszka P, Hu T, Hong S, Signer R, Cogné B, Isidor B, Mazzola SE, Giltay JC, van Gassen KLI, England EM, Pais L, Ockeloen CW, Sanchez-Lara PA, Kinning E, Adams DJ, Treat K, Torres-Martinez W, Bedeschi MF, Iascone M, Blaney S, Bell O, Tan TY, Delrue MA, Jurgens J, Barry BJ, Engle EC, Savage SK, Fleischer N, Martinez-Agosto JA, Boycott K, Zackai EH, Muenke M. Phenotype delineation of ZNF462 related syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:2075-2082. [PMID: 31361404 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Zinc finger protein 462 (ZNF462) is a relatively newly discovered vertebrate specific protein with known critical roles in embryonic development in animal models. Two case reports and a case series study have described the phenotype of 10 individuals with ZNF462 loss of function variants. Herein, we present 14 new individuals with loss of function variants to the previous studies to delineate the syndrome of loss of function in ZNF462. Collectively, these 24 individuals present with recurring phenotypes that define a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome. Most have some form of developmental delay (79%) and a minority has autism spectrum disorder (33%). Characteristic facial features include ptosis (83%), down slanting palpebral fissures (58%), exaggerated Cupid's bow/wide philtrum (54%), and arched eyebrows (50%). Metopic ridging or craniosynostosis was found in a third of study participants and feeding problems in half. Other phenotype characteristics include dysgenesis of the corpus callosum in 25% of individuals, hypotonia in half, and structural heart defects in 21%. Using facial analysis technology, a computer algorithm applying deep learning was able to accurately differentiate individuals with ZNF462 loss of function variants from individuals with Noonan syndrome and healthy controls. In summary, we describe a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome associated with haploinsufficiency of ZNF462 that has distinct clinical characteristics and facial features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kruszka
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tommy Hu
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sungkook Hong
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rebecca Signer
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Benjamin Cogné
- Service de génétique médicale, Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Betrand Isidor
- Service de génétique médicale, Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Sarah E Mazzola
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jacques C Giltay
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen L I van Gassen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eleina M England
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Lynn Pais
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Charlotte W Ockeloen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro A Sanchez-Lara
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Esther Kinning
- West of Scotland Genetics Service, Queen Elizabeth Hospitals, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Darius J Adams
- Personalized Genomic Medicine and Pediatric Genetics, Atlantic Health System, Morristown, New Jersey
| | - Kayla Treat
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Maria F Bedeschi
- Medical Genetic Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Iascone
- Laboratorio di Genetica Medica, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Stephanie Blaney
- Genetics, Vaccine Preventable Diseases, and Sexual Health, Algoma Public Health, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oliver Bell
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tiong Y Tan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marie-Ange Delrue
- Département de pédiatrie, Service de génétique médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Jurgens
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brenda J Barry
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland.,Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Julian A Martinez-Agosto
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kym Boycott
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elaine H Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maximilian Muenke
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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27
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Whitman MC, Bell JL, Nguyen EH, Engle EC. Ex Vivo Oculomotor Slice Culture from Embryonic GFP-Expressing Mice for Time-Lapse Imaging of Oculomotor Nerve Outgrowth. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 31380850 DOI: 10.3791/59911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate eye movements are crucial for vision, but the development of the ocular motor system, especially the molecular pathways controlling axon guidance, has not been fully elucidated. This is partly due to technical limitations of traditional axon guidance assays. To identify additional axon guidance cues influencing the oculomotor nerve, an ex vivo slice assay to image the oculomotor nerve in real-time as it grows towards the eye was developed. E10.5 IslMN-GFP embryos are used to generate ex vivo slices by embedding them in agarose, slicing on a vibratome, then growing them in a microscope stage-top incubator with time-lapse photomicroscopy for 24-72 h. Control slices recapitulate the in vivo timing of outgrowth of axons from the nucleus to the orbit. Small molecule inhibitors or recombinant proteins can be added to the culture media to assess the role of different axon guidance pathways. This method has the advantages of maintaining more of the local microenvironment through which axons traverse, not axotomizing the growing axons, and assessing the axons at multiple points along their trajectory. It can also identify effects on specific subsets of axons. For example, inhibition of CXCR4 causes axons still within the midbrain to grow dorsally rather than ventrally, but axons that have already exited ventrally are not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Whitman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital;
| | - Jessica L Bell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital
| | - Elaine H Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
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28
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Thomas MG, Maconachie GDE, Constantinescu CS, Chan WM, Barry B, Hisaund M, Sheth V, Kuht HJ, Dineen RA, Harieaswar S, Engle EC, Gottlob I. Congenital monocular elevation deficiency associated with a novel TUBB3 gene variant. Br J Ophthalmol 2019; 104:547-550. [PMID: 31302631 PMCID: PMC6998158 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The genetic basis of monocular elevation deficiency (MED) is unclear. It has previously been considered to arise due to a supranuclear abnormality. Methods Two brothers with MED were referred to Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK from the local opticians. Their father had bilateral ptosis and was unable to elevate both eyes, consistent with the diagnosis of congenital fibrosis of extraocular muscles (CFEOM). Candidate sequencing was performed in all family members. Results Both affected siblings (aged 7 and 12 years) were unable to elevate the right eye. Their father had bilateral ptosis, left esotropia and bilateral limitation of elevation. Chin up head posture was present in the older sibling and the father. Bell’s phenomenon and vertical rotational vestibulo-ocular reflex were absent in the right eye for both children. Mild bilateral facial nerve palsy was present in the older sibling and the father. Both siblings had slight difficulty with tandem gait. MRI revealed hypoplastic oculomotor nerve. Left anterior insular focal cortical dysplasia was seen in the older sibling. Sequencing of TUBB3 revealed a novel heterozygous variant (c.1263G>C, p.E421D) segregating with the phenotype. This residue is in the C-terminal H12 α-helix of β-tubulin and is one of three putative kinesin binding sites. Conclusion We show that familial MED can arise from a TUBB3 variant and could be considered a limited form of CFEOM. Neurological features such as mild facial palsy and cortical malformations can be present in patients with MED. Thus, in individuals with congenital MED, consideration may be made for TUBB3 mutation screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervyn G Thomas
- Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Gail D E Maconachie
- Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Wai-Man Chan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Mayland, United States.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Brenda Barry
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Mayland, United States.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Michael Hisaund
- Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Viral Sheth
- Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Helen J Kuht
- Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Rob A Dineen
- Department of Radiology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sreemathi Harieaswar
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Mayland, United States.,Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical Schoool, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Irene Gottlob
- Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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An D, Fujiki R, Iannitelli DE, Smerdon JW, Maity S, Rose MF, Gelber A, Wanaselja EK, Yagudayeva I, Lee JY, Vogel C, Wichterle H, Engle EC, Mazzoni EO. Stem cell-derived cranial and spinal motor neurons reveal proteostatic differences between ALS resistant and sensitive motor neurons. eLife 2019; 8:44423. [PMID: 31157617 PMCID: PMC6594754 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) spinal motor neurons (SpMN) progressively degenerate while a subset of cranial motor neurons (CrMN) are spared until late stages of the disease. Using a rapid and efficient protocol to differentiate mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) to SpMNs and CrMNs, we now report that ESC-derived CrMNs accumulate less human (h)SOD1 and insoluble p62 than SpMNs over time. ESC-derived CrMNs have higher proteasome activity to degrade misfolded proteins and are intrinsically more resistant to chemically-induced proteostatic stress than SpMNs. Chemical and genetic activation of the proteasome rescues SpMN sensitivity to proteostatic stress. In agreement, the hSOD1 G93A mouse model reveals that ALS-resistant CrMNs accumulate less insoluble hSOD1 and p62-containing inclusions than SpMNs. Primary-derived ALS-resistant CrMNs are also more resistant than SpMNs to proteostatic stress. Thus, an ESC-based platform has identified a superior capacity to maintain a healthy proteome as a possible mechanism to resist ALS-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disi An
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Ryosuke Fujiki
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Medical Genetics Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | | | - John W Smerdon
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Shuvadeep Maity
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, United States.,Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Matthew F Rose
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Medical Genetics Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Alon Gelber
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | | | - Ilona Yagudayeva
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Joun Y Lee
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Christine Vogel
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, United States.,Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Hynek Wichterle
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Medical Genetics Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Esteban Orlando Mazzoni
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, United States.,NYU Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States
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30
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Whitman MC, Nguyen EH, Bell JL, Tenney AP, Gelber A, Engle EC. Loss of CXCR4/CXCL12 Signaling Causes Oculomotor Nerve Misrouting and Development of Motor Trigeminal to Oculomotor Synkinesis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:5201-5209. [PMID: 30372748 PMCID: PMC6204880 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Proper control of eye movements is critical to vision, but relatively little is known about the molecular mechanisms that regulate development and axon guidance in the ocular motor system or cause the abnormal innervation patterns (oculomotor synkinesis) seen in developmental disorders and after oculomotor nerve palsy. We developed an ex vivo slice assay that allows for live imaging and molecular manipulation of the growing oculomotor nerve, which we used to identify axon guidance cues that affect the oculomotor nerve. Methods Ex vivo slices were generated from E10.5 IslMN-GFP embryos and grown for 24 to 72 hours. To assess for CXCR4 function, the specific inhibitor AMD3100 was added to the culture media. Cxcr4cko/cko:Isl-Cre:ISLMN-GFP and Cxcl12KO/KO:ISLMN-GFP embryos were cleared and imaged on a confocal microscope. Results When AMD3100 was added to the slice cultures, oculomotor axons grew dorsally (away from the eye) rather than ventrally (toward the eye). Axons that had already exited the midbrain continued toward the eye. Loss of Cxcr4 or Cxcl12 in vivo caused misrouting of the oculomotor nerve dorsally and motor axons from the trigeminal motor nerve, which normally innervate the muscles of mastication, aberrantly innervated extraocular muscles in the orbit. This represents the first mouse model of trigeminal-oculomotor synkinesis. Conclusions CXCR4/CXCL12 signaling is critical for the initial pathfinding decisions of oculomotor axons and their proper exit from the midbrain. Failure of the oculomotor nerve to innervate its extraocular muscle targets leads to aberrant innervation by other motor neurons, indicating that muscles lacking innervation may secrete cues that attract motor axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Whitman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Elaine H Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jessica L Bell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Alan P Tenney
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Alon Gelber
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States
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31
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Shaaban S, MacKinnon S, Andrews C, Staffieri SE, Maconachie GDE, Chan WM, Whitman MC, Morton SU, Yazar S, MacGregor S, Elder JE, Traboulsi EI, Gottlob I, Hewitt AW, Hunter DG, Mackey DA, Engle EC. Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies a Susceptibility Locus for Comitant Esotropia and Suggests a Parent-of-Origin Effect. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:4054-4064. [PMID: 30098192 PMCID: PMC6088800 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To identify genetic variants conferring susceptibility to esotropia. Esotropia is the most common form of comitant strabismus, has its highest incidence in European ancestry populations, and is believed to be inherited as a complex trait. Methods White European American discovery cohorts with nonaccommodative (826 cases and 2991 controls) or accommodative (224 cases and 749 controls) esotropia were investigated. White European Australian and United Kingdom cohorts with nonaccommodative (689 cases and 1448 controls) or accommodative (66 cases and 264 controls) esotropia were tested for replication. We performed a genome-wide case-control association study using a mixed linear additive model. Meta-analyses of discovery and replication cohorts were then conducted. Results A significant association with nonaccommodative esotropia was discovered (odds ratio [OR] = 1.41, P = 2.84 × 10-09) and replicated (OR = 1.23, P = 0.01) at rs2244352 [T] located within intron 1 of the WRB (tryptophan rich basic protein) gene on chromosome 21 (meta-analysis OR = 1.33, P = 9.58 × 10-11). This single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is differentially methylated, and there is a statistically significant skew toward paternal inheritance in the discovery cohort. Meta-analysis of the accommodative discovery and replication cohorts identified an association with rs912759 [T] (OR = 0.59, P = 1.89 × 10-08), an intergenic SNP on chromosome 1p31.1. Conclusions This is the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify significant associations in esotropia and suggests a parent-of-origin effect. Additional cohorts will permit replication and extension of these findings. Future studies of rs2244352 and WRB should provide insight into pathophysiological mechanisms underlying comitant strabismus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Shaaban
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Dubai Harvard Foundation for Medical Research, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sarah MacKinnon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Caroline Andrews
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States
| | - Sandra E Staffieri
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gail D E Maconachie
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Wai-Man Chan
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States
| | - Mary C Whitman
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sarah U Morton
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Seyhan Yazar
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Stastical Genetics Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - James E Elder
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elias I Traboulsi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Irene Gottlob
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - David G Hunter
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - David A Mackey
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
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Dobyns WB, Aldinger KA, Ishak GE, Mirzaa GM, Timms AE, Grout ME, Dremmen MH, Schot R, Vandervore L, van Slegtenhorst MA, Wilke M, Kasteleijn E, Lee AS, Barry BJ, Chao KR, Szczałuba K, Kobori J, Hanson-Kahn A, Bernstein JA, Carr L, D’Arco F, Miyana K, Okazaki T, Saito Y, Sasaki M, Das S, Wheeler MM, Bamshad MJ, Nickerson DA, Engle EC, Verheijen FW, Doherty D, Mancini GM, Doherty D, Mancini GMS. MACF1 Mutations Encoding Highly Conserved Zinc-Binding Residues of the GAR Domain Cause Defects in Neuronal Migration and Axon Guidance. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 103:1009-1021. [PMID: 30471716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, mutations in 15 actin- or microtubule-associated genes have been associated with the cortical malformation lissencephaly and variable brainstem hypoplasia. During a multicenter review, we recognized a rare lissencephaly variant with a complex brainstem malformation in three unrelated children. We searched our large brain-malformation databases and found another five children with this malformation (as well as one with a less severe variant), analyzed available whole-exome or -genome sequencing data, and tested ciliogenesis in two affected individuals. The brain malformation comprised posterior predominant lissencephaly and midline crossing defects consisting of absent anterior commissure and a striking W-shaped brainstem malformation caused by small or absent pontine crossing fibers. We discovered heterozygous de novo missense variants or an in-frame deletion involving highly conserved zinc-binding residues within the GAR domain of MACF1 in the first eight subjects. We studied cilium formation and found a higher proportion of mutant cells with short cilia than of control cells with short cilia. A ninth child had similar lissencephaly but only subtle brainstem dysplasia associated with a heterozygous de novo missense variant in the spectrin repeat domain of MACF1. Thus, we report variants of the microtubule-binding GAR domain of MACF1 as the cause of a distinctive and most likely pathognomonic brain malformation. A gain-of-function or dominant-negative mechanism appears likely given that many heterozygous mutations leading to protein truncation are included in the ExAC Browser. However, three de novo variants in MACF1 have been observed in large schizophrenia cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dan Doherty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Grazia M S Mancini
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands.
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Latremoliere A, Cheng L, DeLisle M, Wu C, Chew S, Hutchinson EB, Sheridan A, Alexandre C, Latremoliere F, Sheu SH, Golidy S, Omura T, Huebner EA, Fan Y, Whitman MC, Nguyen E, Hermawan C, Pierpaoli C, Tischfield MA, Woolf CJ, Engle EC. Neuronal-Specific TUBB3 Is Not Required for Normal Neuronal Function but Is Essential for Timely Axon Regeneration. Cell Rep 2018; 24:1865-1879.e9. [PMID: 30110642 PMCID: PMC6155462 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We generated a knockout mouse for the neuronal-specific β-tubulin isoform Tubb3 to investigate its role in nervous system formation and maintenance. Tubb3-/- mice have no detectable neurobehavioral or neuropathological deficits, and upregulation of mRNA and protein of the remaining β-tubulin isotypes results in equivalent total β-tubulin levels in Tubb3-/- and wild-type mice. Despite similar levels of total β-tubulin, adult dorsal root ganglia lacking TUBB3 have decreased growth cone microtubule dynamics and a decreased neurite outgrowth rate of 22% in vitro and in vivo. The effect of the 22% slower growth rate is exacerbated for sensory recovery, where fibers must reinnervate the full volume of the skin to recover touch function. Overall, these data reveal that, while TUBB3 is not required for formation of the nervous system, it has a specific role in the rate of peripheral axon regeneration that cannot be replaced by other β-tubulins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alban Latremoliere
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Long Cheng
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle DeLisle
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Chen Wu
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sheena Chew
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Hutchinson
- Quantitative Medical Imaging Section, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Sheridan
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chloe Alexandre
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Shu-Hsien Sheu
- Department of Pathology and Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Golidy
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Takao Omura
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Eric A Huebner
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanjie Fan
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary C Whitman
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elaine Nguyen
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Crystal Hermawan
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carlo Pierpaoli
- Quantitative Medical Imaging Section, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Max A Tischfield
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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Di Gioia SA, Shaaban S, Tüysüz B, Elcioglu NH, Chan WM, Robson CD, Ecklund K, Gilette NM, Hamzaoglu A, Tayfun GA, Traboulsi EI, Engle EC. Recessive MYF5 Mutations Cause External Ophthalmoplegia, Rib, and Vertebral Anomalies. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 103:115-124. [PMID: 29887215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MYF5 is member of the Myc-like basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor family and, in cooperation with other myogenic regulatory factors MYOD and MYF5, is a key regulator of early stages of myogenesis. Here, we report three consanguineous families with biallelic homozygous loss-of-function mutations in MYF5 who define a clinical disorder characterized by congenital ophthalmoplegia with scoliosis and vertebral and rib anomalies. The clinical phenotype overlaps strikingly with that reported in several Myf5 knockout mouse models. Affected members of two families share a haploidentical region that contains a homozygous 10 bp frameshift mutation in exon 1 of MYF5 (c.23_32delAGTTCTCACC [p.Gln8Leufs∗86]) predicted to undergo nonsense-mediated decay. Affected members of the third family harbor a homozygous missense change in exon 1 of MYF5 (c.283C>T [p.Arg95Cys]). Using in vitro assays, we show that this missense mutation acts as a loss-of-function allele by impairing MYF5 DNA binding and nuclear localization. We performed whole-genome sequencing in one affected individual with the frameshift mutation and did not identify additional rare variants in the haploidentical region that might account for differences in severity among the families. These data support the direct role of MYF5 in rib, spine, and extraocular muscle formation in humans.
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35
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Marsh APL, Edwards TJ, Galea C, Cooper HM, Engle EC, Jamuar SS, Méneret A, Moutard ML, Nava C, Rastetter A, Robinson G, Rouleau G, Roze E, Spencer-Smith M, Trouillard O, Billette de Villemeur T, Walsh CA, Yu TW, Heron D, Sherr EH, Richards LJ, Depienne C, Leventer RJ, Lockhart PJ. Cover Image, Volume 39, Issue 1. Hum Mutat 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.23372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Whitman MC, Engle EC. Ocular congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDDs): insights into axon growth and guidance. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:R37-R44. [PMID: 28459979 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Unraveling the genetics of the paralytic strabismus syndromes known as congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDDs) is both informing physicians and their patients and broadening our understanding of development of the ocular motor system. Genetic mutations underlying ocular CCDDs alter either motor neuron specification or motor nerve development, and highlight the importance of modulations of cell signaling, cytoskeletal transport, and microtubule dynamics for axon growth and guidance. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of two CCDDs, congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM) and Duane retraction syndrome (DRS), and discuss what they have taught us about mechanisms of axon guidance and selective vulnerability. CFEOM presents with congenital ptosis and restricted eye movements, and can be caused by heterozygous missense mutations in the kinesin motor protein KIF21A or in the β-tubulin isotypes TUBB3 or TUBB2B. CFEOM-causing mutations in these genes alter protein function and result in axon growth and guidance defects. DRS presents with inability to abduct one or both eyes. It can be caused by decreased function of several transcription factors critical for abducens motor neuron identity, including MAFB, or by heterozygous missense mutations in CHN1, which encodes α2-chimaerin, a Rac-GAP GTPase that affects cytoskeletal dynamics. Examination of the orbital innervation in mice lacking Mafb has established that the stereotypical misinnervation of the lateral rectus by fibers of the oculomotor nerve in DRS is secondary to absence of the abducens nerve. Studies of a CHN1 mouse model have begun to elucidate mechanisms of selective vulnerability in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Whitman
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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37
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Marsh APL, Edwards TJ, Galea C, Cooper HM, Engle EC, Jamuar SS, Méneret A, Moutard ML, Nava C, Rastetter A, Robinson G, Rouleau G, Roze E, Spencer-Smith M, Trouillard O, Billette de Villemeur T, Walsh CA, Yu TW, Heron D, Sherr EH, Richards LJ, Depienne C, Leventer RJ, Lockhart PJ. DCC mutation update: Congenital mirror movements, isolated agenesis of the corpus callosum, and developmental split brain syndrome. Hum Mutat 2017; 39:23-39. [PMID: 29068161 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) gene encodes the netrin-1 (NTN1) receptor DCC, a transmembrane protein required for the guidance of commissural axons. Germline DCC mutations disrupt the development of predominantly commissural tracts in the central nervous system (CNS) and cause a spectrum of neurological disorders. Monoallelic, missense, and predicted loss-of-function DCC mutations cause congenital mirror movements, isolated agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC), or both. Biallelic, predicted loss-of-function DCC mutations cause developmental split brain syndrome (DSBS). Although the underlying molecular mechanisms leading to disease remain poorly understood, they are thought to stem from reduced or perturbed NTN1 signaling. Here, we review the 26 reported DCC mutations associated with abnormal CNS development in humans, including 14 missense and 12 predicted loss-of-function mutations, and discuss their associated clinical characteristics and diagnostic features. We provide an update on the observed genotype-phenotype relationships of congenital mirror movements, isolated ACC and DSBS, and correlate this to our current understanding of the biological function of DCC in the development of the CNS. All mutations and their associated phenotypes were deposited into a locus-specific LOVD (https://databases.lovd.nl/shared/genes/DCC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley P L Marsh
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy J Edwards
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Charles Galea
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics (D4), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen M Cooper
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Saumya S Jamuar
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Paediatric Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aurélie Méneret
- INSERM, U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Moutard
- Service de Neuropédiatrie, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France.,UPMC, GRC ConCer-LD, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Centre de référence "Neurogénétique", Paris, France
| | - Caroline Nava
- INSERM, U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France.,Département de Génétique, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Agnès Rastetter
- INSERM, U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Gail Robinson
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Guy Rouleau
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- INSERM, U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Megan Spencer-Smith
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oriane Trouillard
- INSERM, U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Billette de Villemeur
- Service de Neuropédiatrie, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France.,UPMC, GRC ConCer-LD, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence "déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares", Paris, France.,INSERM U1141, Paris, France
| | - Christopher A Walsh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy W Yu
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Delphine Heron
- UPMC, GRC ConCer-LD, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Département de Génétique, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Elliott H Sherr
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, California
| | - Linda J Richards
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.,The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christel Depienne
- INSERM, U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France.,Département de Génétique, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Département de Médicine translationnelle et Neurogénétique, IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Laboratoires de génétique, Institut de génétique médicale d'Alsace, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Richard J Leventer
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul J Lockhart
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Tischfield MA, Robson CD, Gilette NM, Chim SM, Sofela FA, DeLisle MM, Gelber A, Barry BJ, MacKinnon S, Dagi LR, Nathans J, Engle EC. Cerebral Vein Malformations Result from Loss of Twist1 Expression and BMP Signaling from Skull Progenitor Cells and Dura. Dev Cell 2017; 42:445-461.e5. [PMID: 28844842 PMCID: PMC5595652 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dural cerebral veins (CV) are required for cerebrospinal fluid reabsorption and brain homeostasis, but mechanisms that regulate their growth and remodeling are unknown. We report molecular and cellular processes that regulate dural CV development in mammals and describe venous malformations in humans with craniosynostosis and TWIST1 mutations that are recapitulated in mouse models. Surprisingly, Twist1 is dispensable in endothelial cells but required for specification of osteoprogenitor cells that differentiate into preosteoblasts that produce bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Inactivation of Bmp2 and Bmp4 in preosteoblasts and periosteal dura causes skull and CV malformations, similar to humans harboring TWIST1 mutations. Notably, arterial development appears normal, suggesting that morphogens from the skull and dura establish optimal venous networks independent from arterial influences. Collectively, our work establishes a paradigm whereby CV malformations result from primary or secondary loss of paracrine BMP signaling from preosteoblasts and dura, highlighting unique cellular interactions that influence tissue-specific angiogenesis in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max A Tischfield
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Caroline D Robson
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicole M Gilette
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shek Man Chim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Folasade A Sofela
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michelle M DeLisle
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alon Gelber
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brenda J Barry
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Sarah MacKinnon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Linda R Dagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeremy Nathans
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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39
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Telegrafi A, Webb BD, Robbins SM, Speck-Martins CE, FitzPatrick D, Fleming L, Redett R, Dufke A, Houge G, van Harssel JJT, Verloes A, Robles A, Manoli I, Engle EC, Jabs EW, Valle D, Carey J, Hoover-Fong JE, Sobreira NLM. Identification of STAC3 variants in non-Native American families with overlapping features of Carey-Fineman-Ziter syndrome and Moebius syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:2763-2771. [PMID: 28777491 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Horstick et al. (2013) previously reported a homozygous p.Trp284Ser variant in STAC3 as the cause of Native American myopathy (NAM) in 5 Lumbee Native American families with congenital hypotonia and weakness, cleft palate, short stature, ptosis, kyphoscoliosis, talipes deformities, and susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia (MH). Here we present two non-Native American families, who were found to have STAC3 pathogenic variants. The first proband and her affected older sister are from a consanguineous Qatari family with a suspected clinical diagnosis of Carey-Fineman-Ziter syndrome (CFZS) based on features of hypotonia, myopathic facies with generalized weakness, ptosis, normal extraocular movements, cleft palate, growth delay, and kyphoscoliosis. We identified the homozygous c.851G>C;p.Trp284Ser variant in STAC3 in both sisters. The second proband and his affected sister are from a non-consanguineous, Puerto Rican family who was evaluated for a possible diagnosis of Moebius syndrome (MBS). His features included facial and generalized weakness, minimal limitation of horizontal gaze, cleft palate, and hypotonia, and he has a history of MH. The siblings were identified to be compound heterozygous for STAC3 variants c.851G>C;p.Trp284Ser and c.763_766delCTCT;p.Leu255IlefsX58. Given the phenotypic overlap of individuals with CFZS, MBS, and NAM, we screened STAC3 in 12 individuals diagnosed with CFZS and in 50 individuals diagnosed with MBS or a congenital facial weakness disorder. We did not identify any rare coding variants in STAC3. NAM should be considered in patients presenting with facial and generalized weakness, normal or mildly abnormal extraocular movement, hypotonia, cleft palate, and scoliosis, particularly if there is a history of MH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bryn D Webb
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Sarah M Robbins
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - David FitzPatrick
- Human Genetics Unit, Medical and Developmental Genetics, University of Edinburgh Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Leah Fleming
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard Redett
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andreas Dufke
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Rare Disease Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gunnar Houge
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jeske J T van Harssel
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Medical Center, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alain Verloes
- Department of Genetics-Hospital Robert DEBRE, Paris, France
| | - Angela Robles
- Dr. Angela Robles Pediatrics Private Practice, San Sebastian, Puerto Rico
| | - Irini Manoli
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Howard Hughes Medical Institution, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | | | - Ethylin W Jabs
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - David Valle
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John Carey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Julie E Hoover-Fong
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Greenberg Center for Skeletal Dysplasias, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nara L M Sobreira
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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40
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Michalak SM, Whitman MC, Park JG, Tischfield MA, Nguyen EH, Engle EC. Ocular Motor Nerve Development in the Presence and Absence of Extraocular Muscle. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:2388-2396. [PMID: 28437527 PMCID: PMC5403115 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-21268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To spatially and temporally define ocular motor nerve development in the presence and absence of extraocular muscles (EOMs). Methods Myf5cre mice, which in the homozygous state lack EOMs, were crossed to an IslMN:GFP reporter line to fluorescently label motor neuron cell bodies and axons. Embryonic day (E) 11.5 to E15.5 wild-type and Myf5cre/cre:IslMN:GFP whole mount embryos and dissected orbits were imaged by confocal microscopy to visualize the developing oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves in the presence and absence of EOMs. E11.5 and E18.5 brainstems were serially sectioned and stained for Islet1 to determine the fate of ocular motor neurons. Results At E11.5, all three ocular motor nerves in mutant embryos approached the orbit with a trajectory similar to that of wild-type. Subsequently, while wild-type nerves send terminal branches that contact target EOMs in a stereotypical pattern, the Myf5cre/cre ocular motor nerves failed to form terminal branches, regressed, and by E18.5 two-thirds of their corresponding motor neurons died. Comparisons between mutant and wild-type embryos revealed novel aspects of trochlear and oculomotor nerve development. Conclusions We delineated mouse ocular motor nerve spatial and temporal development in unprecedented detail. Moreover, we found that EOMs are not necessary for initial outgrowth and guidance of ocular motor axons from the brainstem to the orbit but are required for their terminal branching and survival. These data suggest that intermediate targets in the mesenchyme provide cues necessary for appropriate targeting of ocular motor axons to the orbit, while EOM cues are responsible for terminal branching and motor neuron survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Michalak
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States 2F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States 3Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States 4University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States 5Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States
| | - Mary C Whitman
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States 6Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States 7Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jong G Park
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States 2F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States 3Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States 5Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States 8Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Max A Tischfield
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States 3Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Elaine H Nguyen
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States 6Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States 2F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States 3Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States 5Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States 6Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States 7Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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41
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Di Gioia SA, Connors S, Matsunami N, Cannavino J, Rose MF, Gilette NM, Artoni P, de Macena Sobreira NL, Chan WM, Webb BD, Robson CD, Cheng L, Van Ryzin C, Ramirez-Martinez A, Mohassel P, Leppert M, Scholand MB, Grunseich C, Ferreira CR, Hartman T, Hayes IM, Morgan T, Markie DM, Fagiolini M, Swift A, Chines PS, Speck-Martins CE, Collins FS, Jabs EW, Bönnemann CG, Olson EN, Carey JC, Robertson SP, Manoli I, Engle EC. A defect in myoblast fusion underlies Carey-Fineman-Ziter syndrome. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16077. [PMID: 28681861 PMCID: PMC5504296 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Multinucleate cellular syncytial formation is a hallmark of skeletal muscle differentiation. Myomaker, encoded by Mymk (Tmem8c), is a well-conserved plasma membrane protein required for myoblast fusion to form multinucleated myotubes in mouse, chick, and zebrafish. Here, we report that autosomal recessive mutations in MYMK (OMIM 615345) cause Carey-Fineman-Ziter syndrome in humans (CFZS; OMIM 254940) by reducing but not eliminating MYMK function. We characterize MYMK-CFZS as a congenital myopathy with marked facial weakness and additional clinical and pathologic features that distinguish it from other congenital neuromuscular syndromes. We show that a heterologous cell fusion assay in vitro and allelic complementation experiments in mymk knockdown and mymkinsT/insT zebrafish in vivo can differentiate between MYMK wild type, hypomorphic and null alleles. Collectively, these data establish that MYMK activity is necessary for normal muscle development and maintenance in humans, and expand the spectrum of congenital myopathies to include cell-cell fusion deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Alessandro Di Gioia
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Samantha Connors
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Norisada Matsunami
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
| | - Jessica Cannavino
- Department of Molecular Biology and Neuroscience, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390 USA
| | - Matthew F Rose
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Medical Genetics Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Nicole M Gilette
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Pietro Artoni
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Nara Lygia de Macena Sobreira
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Wai-Man Chan
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA
| | - Bryn D Webb
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, USA
| | - Caroline D Robson
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Long Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Carol Van Ryzin
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1477, USA
| | - Andres Ramirez-Martinez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Neuroscience, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390 USA
| | - Payam Mohassel
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1477, USA.,Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1477, USA
| | - Mark Leppert
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
| | - Mary Beth Scholand
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
| | - Christopher Grunseich
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1477, USA
| | - Carlos R Ferreira
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1477, USA
| | - Tyler Hartman
- Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1404, USA
| | - Ian M Hayes
- Genetic Health Services New Zealand, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tim Morgan
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - David M Markie
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Michela Fagiolini
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Amy Swift
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1477, USA
| | - Peter S Chines
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1477, USA
| | | | - Francis S Collins
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1477, USA.,Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1477, USA
| | - Ethylin Wang Jabs
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, USA
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1477, USA.,Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1477, USA
| | - Eric N Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Neuroscience, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390 USA
| | | | - John C Carey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
| | - Stephen P Robertson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Irini Manoli
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1477, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Medical Genetics Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA.,Department Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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42
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Nugent AA, Park JG, Wei Y, Tenney AP, Gilette NM, DeLisle MM, Chan WM, Cheng L, Engle EC. Mutant α2-chimaerin signals via bidirectional ephrin pathways in Duane retraction syndrome. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1664-1682. [PMID: 28346224 DOI: 10.1172/jci88502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) is the most common form of congenital paralytic strabismus in humans and can result from α2-chimaerin (CHN1) missense mutations. We report a knockin α2-chimaerin mouse (Chn1KI/KI) that models DRS. Whole embryo imaging of Chn1KI/KI mice revealed stalled abducens nerve growth and selective trochlear and first cervical spinal nerve guidance abnormalities. Stalled abducens nerve bundles did not reach the orbit, resulting in secondary aberrant misinnervation of the lateral rectus muscle by the oculomotor nerve. By contrast, Chn1KO/KO mice did not have DRS, and embryos displayed abducens nerve wandering distinct from the Chn1KI/KI phenotype. Murine embryos lacking EPH receptor A4 (Epha4KO/KO), which is upstream of α2-chimaerin in corticospinal neurons, exhibited similar abducens wandering that paralleled previously reported gait alterations in Chn1KO/KO and Epha4KO/KO adult mice. Findings from Chn1KI/KI Epha4KO/KO mice demonstrated that mutant α2-chimaerin and EphA4 have different genetic interactions in distinct motor neuron pools: abducens neurons use bidirectional ephrin signaling via mutant α2-chimaerin to direct growth, while cervical spinal neurons use only ephrin forward signaling, and trochlear neurons do not use ephrin signaling. These findings reveal a role for ephrin bidirectional signaling upstream of mutant α2-chimaerin in DRS, which may contribute to the selective vulnerability of abducens motor neurons in this disorder.
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43
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Park JG, Tischfield MA, Nugent AA, Cheng L, Di Gioia SA, Chan WM, Maconachie G, Bosley TM, Summers CG, Hunter DG, Robson CD, Gottlob I, Engle EC. Loss of MAFB Function in Humans and Mice Causes Duane Syndrome, Aberrant Extraocular Muscle Innervation, and Inner-Ear Defects. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 98:1220-1227. [PMID: 27181683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) is a congenital eye-movement disorder defined by limited outward gaze and retraction of the eye on attempted inward gaze. Here, we report on three heterozygous loss-of-function MAFB mutations causing DRS and a dominant-negative MAFB mutation causing DRS and deafness. Using genotype-phenotype correlations in humans and Mafb-knockout mice, we propose a threshold model for variable loss of MAFB function. Postmortem studies of DRS have reported abducens nerve hypoplasia and aberrant innervation of the lateral rectus muscle by the oculomotor nerve. Our studies in mice now confirm this human DRS pathology. Moreover, we demonstrate that selectively disrupting abducens nerve development is sufficient to cause secondary innervation of the lateral rectus muscle by aberrant oculomotor nerve branches, which form at developmental decision regions close to target extraocular muscles. Thus, we present evidence that the primary cause of DRS is failure of the abducens nerve to fully innervate the lateral rectus muscle in early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong G Park
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Max A Tischfield
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alicia A Nugent
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Long Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Silvio Alessandro Di Gioia
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wai-Man Chan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gail Maconachie
- Ulverscroft Eye Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Behavior, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Thomas M Bosley
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - C Gail Summers
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - David G Hunter
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Caroline D Robson
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Irene Gottlob
- Ulverscroft Eye Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Behavior, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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44
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Brownstein CA, Kleiman RJ, Engle EC, Towne MC, D'Angelo EJ, Yu TW, Beggs AH, Picker J, Fogler JM, Carroll D, Schmitt RCO, Wolff RR, Shen Y, Lip V, Bilguvar K, Kim A, Tembulkar S, O'Donnell K, Gonzalez-Heydrich J. Overlapping 16p13.11 deletion and gain of copies variations associated with childhood onset psychosis include genes with mechanistic implications for autism associated pathways: Two case reports. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170A:1165-73. [PMID: 26887912 PMCID: PMC4833544 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Copy number variability at 16p13.11 has been associated with intellectual disability, autism, schizophrenia, epilepsy, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Adolescent/adult- onset psychosis has been reported in a subset of these cases. Here, we report on two children with CNVs in 16p13.11 that developed psychosis before the age of 7. The genotype and neuropsychiatric abnormalities of these patients highlight several overlapping genes that have possible mechanistic relevance to pathways previously implicated in Autism Spectrum Disorders, including the mTOR signaling and the ubiquitin-proteasome cascades. A careful screening of the 16p13.11 region is warranted in patients with childhood onset psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Brownstein
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robin J Kleiman
- Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | - Meghan C Towne
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eugene J D'Angelo
- Division of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Developmental Neuropsychiatry Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy W Yu
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alan H Beggs
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan Picker
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jason M Fogler
- Division of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Developmental Medicine Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Devon Carroll
- Department of Psychiatry, Developmental Neuropsychiatry Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel C O Schmitt
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert R Wolff
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yiping Shen
- Claritas Genomics, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Genetics, Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Va Lip
- Claritas Genomics, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kaya Bilguvar
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - April Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Developmental Neuropsychiatry Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sahil Tembulkar
- Department of Psychiatry, Developmental Neuropsychiatry Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kyle O'Donnell
- Department of Psychiatry, Developmental Neuropsychiatry Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Developmental Neuropsychiatry Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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45
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Whitman MC, Andrews C, Chan WM, Tischfield MA, Stasheff SF, Brancati F, Ortiz-Gonzalez X, Nuovo S, Garaci F, MacKinnon SE, Hunter DG, Grant PE, Engle EC. Two unique TUBB3 mutations cause both CFEOM3 and malformations of cortical development. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 170A:297-305. [PMID: 26639658 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
One set of missense mutations in the neuron specific beta tubulin isotype 3 (TUBB3) has been reported to cause malformations of cortical development (MCD), while a second set has been reported to cause isolated or syndromic Congenital Fibrosis of the Extraocular Muscles type 3 (CFEOM3). Because TUBB3 mutations reported to cause CFEOM had not been associated with cortical malformations, while mutations reported to cause MCD had not been associated with CFEOM or other forms of paralytic strabismus, it was hypothesized that each set of mutations might alter microtubule function differently. Here, however, we report two novel de novo heterozygous TUBB3 amino acid substitutions, G71R and G98S, in four patients with both MCD and syndromic CFEOM3. These patients present with moderately severe CFEOM3, nystagmus, torticollis, and developmental delay, and have intellectual and social disabilities. Neuroimaging reveals defective cortical gyration, as well as hypoplasia or agenesis of the corpus callosum and anterior commissure, malformations of hippocampi, thalami, basal ganglia and cerebella, and brainstem and cranial nerve hypoplasia. These new TUBB3 substitutions meld the two previously distinct TUBB3-associated phenotypes, and implicate similar microtubule dysfunction underlying both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Whitman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Caroline Andrews
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | - Wai-Man Chan
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland.,Program in Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Max A Tischfield
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven F Stasheff
- Departments of Pediatrics (Neurology), Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Neurology and Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Francesco Brancati
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Gabriele d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Xilma Ortiz-Gonzalez
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sara Nuovo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Garaci
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Molecular Imaging, Interventional Radiology and Radiotherapy, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sarah E MacKinnon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David G Hunter
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - P Ellen Grant
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland.,Program in Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine (Genetics), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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46
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Balasubramanian R, Chew S, MacKinnon SE, Kang PB, Andrews C, Chan WM, Engle EC. Expanding the phenotypic spectrum and variability of endocrine abnormalities associated with TUBB3 E410K syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:E473-7. [PMID: 25559402 PMCID: PMC4333039 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-4107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT A heterozygous de novo c.1228G>A mutation (E410K) in the TUBB3 gene encoding the neuronal-specific β-tubulin isotype 3 (TUBB3) causes the TUBB3 E410K syndrome characterized by congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM), facial weakness, intellectual and social disabilities, and Kallmann syndrome (anosmia with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism). All TUBB3 E410K subjects reported to date are sporadic cases. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to report the clinical, genetic, and molecular features of a familial presentation of the TUBB3 E410K syndrome. DESIGN Case report of a mother and three affected children with clinical features of the TUBB3 E410K syndrome. SETTING Academic Medical Center. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Genetic analysis of the TUBB3 gene and clinical evaluation of endocrine and nonendocrine phenotypes. RESULTS A de novo TUBB3 c.1228G>A mutation arose in a female proband who displayed CFEOM, facial weakness, intellectual and social disabilities, and anosmia. However, she underwent normal sexual development at puberty and had three spontaneous pregnancies with subsequent autosomal-dominant inheritance of the mutation by her three boys. All sons displayed nonendocrine features of the TUBB3 E410K syndrome similar to their mother but, in addition, had variable features suggestive of additional endocrine abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS This first report of an autosomal-dominant inheritance of the TUBB3 c.1228G>A mutation in a family provides new insights into the spectrum and variability of endocrine phenotypes associated with the TUBB3 E410K syndrome. These observations emphasize the need for appropriate clinical evaluation and complicate genetic counseling of patients and families with this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikumar Balasubramanian
- Harvard Reproductive Endocrine Sciences Center (R.B.), The Reproductive Endocrine Unit of the Department of Medicine (R.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; Harvard Medical School (R.B., S.C., P.B.K., C.A., W.-M.C., E.C.E.), Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Neurology (S.C., P.B.K., C.A., W.-M.C., E.C.E.), Kirby Neurobiology Center (S.C., C.A., W.-M.C., E.C.E.), and Department of Ophthalmology (S.E.M., E.C.E.), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (S.C., C.A., W.-M.C., E.C.E.), Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815
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47
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Smpokou P, Samanta M, Berry GT, Hecht L, Engle EC, Lichter-Konecki U. Menkes disease in affected females: the clinical disease spectrum. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 167A:417-20. [PMID: 25428120 PMCID: PMC4351723 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Menkes disease (MD; OMIM 309400) is an X-linked, neurodegenerative disorder resulting from deficient activity of copper-dependent enzymes and caused by alterations in the APT7A gene. In its classic form, it manifests in boys with hypotonia, seizures, skin and joint laxity, hair twisting (pili torti), cerebrovascular tortuosity, and bladder diverticulae. Menkes disease phenotypes have been reported in females with X; autosome translocations-disrupting ATP7A gene function- or ATP7A gene alterations. Those females manifest variable clinical findings, some of which, such as pili torti, seizure presence and/or age of onset, cerebrovascular tortuosity, degree of intellectual disability, and bladder divericulae are largely under-reported and under-studied. Here, we report on three females with Menkes disease and variant phenotypes, sharing characteristic features, one with classic Menkes disease and two with Menkes disease variants. We conclude that Menkes disease in females manifests with a variable spectrum of clinical findings but a few are uniformly present such as neurodevelopmental disability, hypotonia, and connective tissue findings. Others, such as seizures, cerebral atrophy, and cerebrovascular tortuosity may be present but are under-reported and under- studied. We propose that the diagnosis of Menkes disease or variants in females with suspicious clinical findings is an important one to consider as early treatment with parenteral copper may be considered. The effect of this treatment on the disease course in females with MD is unknown and remains to be seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patroula Smpokou
- Division of Genetics & Metabolism, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia; The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
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48
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Khan AO, Almutlaq M, Oystreck DT, Engle EC, Abu-Amero K, Bosley T. Retinal Dysfunction in Patients with Congenital Fibrosis of the Extraocular Muscles Type 2. Ophthalmic Genet 2014; 37:130-6. [PMID: 24940936 DOI: 10.3109/13816810.2014.926942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles type 2 (CFEOM2) is a distinct non-syndromic form of congenital incomitant strabismus secondary to orbital dysinnervation from recessive mutations in the gene PHOX2A. The phenotype includes bilateral ptosis, very large angle exotropia, ophthalmoplegia, and poorly-reactive pupils. Other than amblyopia, afferent visual dysfunction has not been considered part of CFEOM2; however, we have repeatedly observed non-amblyopic subnormal vision in affected patients. The purpose of this study was to document this recurrent feature of the phenotype. METHODS A retrospective case series (2002-2012). RESULTS Eighteen patients (four families) were identified; all affected individuals had confirmed homozygous recessive PHOX2A mutations except one individual for whom genetic testing was not done because of multiple genetically confirmed family members. Age at assessment ranged from 5-62 years old (median 10 years old). All patients had decreased best-corrected visual acuity not completely explainable by amblyopia in both the preferred and non-preferred eye. In those patients who had further ancillary testing, visual fields (five patients) and electroretinography (10 patients) confirmed abnormalities not ascribable to amblyopia. CONCLUSIONS In addition to a distinct form of congenital incomitant strabismus, the phenotype of CFEOM2 includes subnormal vision consistent with retinal dysfunction. This could be the direct result of PHOX2A mutations or a secondary effect of orbital dysinnervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif O Khan
- a Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology , King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Almutlaq
- a Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology , King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Darren T Oystreck
- b Department of Ophthalmology , College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia .,c Division of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Stellenbosch , Tygerberg , South Africa , and
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- d Divisions of Neurology and Ophthalmology , Children's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Khaled Abu-Amero
- b Department of Ophthalmology , College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas Bosley
- b Department of Ophthalmology , College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
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49
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Graeber CP, Hunter DG, Engle EC. The genetic basis of incomitant strabismus: consolidation of the current knowledge of the genetic foundations of disease. Semin Ophthalmol 2014; 28:427-37. [PMID: 24138051 DOI: 10.3109/08820538.2013.825288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, our understanding of the genetic foundations of incomitant strabismus has grown significantly. Much new understanding has been gleaned since the concept of congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDDs) was introduced in 2002, and the genetic basis of CCDDs continues to be elucidated. In this review, we aim to provide an update of the genetic and clinical presentation of these disorders. Disorders reviewed include Duane syndrome (DS), HOXA1 and HOXB1 syndromes, Moebius syndrome, congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM), and horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS).
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Irahara K, Saito Y, Sugai K, Nakagawa E, Saito T, Komaki H, Nakata Y, Sato N, Baba K, Yamamoto T, Chan WM, Andrews C, Engle EC, Sasaki M. Pontine malformation, undecussated pyramidal tracts, and regional polymicrogyria: a new syndrome. Pediatr Neurol 2014; 50:384-8. [PMID: 24507697 PMCID: PMC3959267 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Horizontal gaze palsy and progressive scoliosis is caused by mutations in the ROBO3 gene, which plays a role in axonal guidance during brain development. Horizontal gaze palsy and progressive scoliosis is characterized by the congenital absence of conjugate lateral eye movements with preserved vertical gaze and progressive scoliosis as well as dysgenesis of brainstem structures and ipsilateral projection of the pyramidal tract. PATIENT A 4-year, 11-month, girl presented with psychomotor retardation and autistic traits. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed hypoplasia and malformation of the ventral portion of the pons and medulla oblongata. Diffusion tensor imaging revealed the absence of decussation of the bilateral pyramidal tracts. These findings were similar to the typical findings for horizontal gaze palsy and progressive scoliosis. However, restriction of horizontal eye movement was minimal, and bilateral polymicrogyria were also noted in the occipitotemporal cortex in the present patient. These findings have not been previously reported in patients with horizontal gaze palsy and progressive scoliosis. No mutations in the ROBO3, SLIT1, SLIT2, NTN1, SEMA3 A, or SEMA3 F genes were identified. CONCLUSION This child may have a disorder caused by an unidentified factor, other than a mutation in the genes analyzed, involved in corticogenesis, axonal guidance, and brainstem morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Irahara
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Utano Hospital, Ukyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Saito
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Kenji Sugai
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Eiji Nakagawa
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Komaki
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakata
- Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Noriko Sato
- Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Kazumi Baba
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University Hospital, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Tokyo Women’s Medical University Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ward, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Wai-Man Chan
- Department of Neurology and the Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase
| | - Caroline Andrews
- Department of Neurology and the Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Department of Neurology and the Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase
| | - Masayuki Sasaki
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
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