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Hernández-Saavedra D, Hinkley JM, Baer LA, Pinckard KM, Vidal P, Nirengi S, Brennan AM, Chen EY, Narain NR, Bussberg V, Tolstikov VV, Kiebish MA, Markunas C, Ilkayeva O, Goodpaster BH, Newgard CB, Goodyear LJ, Coen PM, Stanford KI. Chronic exercise improves hepatic acylcarnitine handling. iScience 2024; 27:109083. [PMID: 38361627 PMCID: PMC10867450 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise mediates tissue metabolic function through direct and indirect adaptations to acylcarnitine (AC) metabolism, but the exact mechanisms are unclear. We found that circulating medium-chain acylcarnitines (AC) (C12-C16) are lower in active/endurance trained human subjects compared to sedentary controls, and this is correlated with elevated cardiorespiratory fitness and reduced adiposity. In mice, exercise reduced serum AC and increased liver AC, and this was accompanied by a marked increase in expression of genes involved in hepatic AC metabolism and mitochondrial β-oxidation. Primary hepatocytes from high-fat fed, exercise trained mice had increased basal respiration compared to hepatocytes from high-fat fed sedentary mice, which may be attributed to increased Ca2+ cycling and lipid uptake into mitochondria. The addition of specific medium- and long-chain AC to sedentary hepatocytes increased mitochondrial respiration, mirroring the exercise phenotype. These data indicate that AC redistribution is an exercise-induced mechanism to improve hepatic function and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Hernández-Saavedra
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - J. Matthew Hinkley
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Lisa A. Baer
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kelsey M. Pinckard
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Pablo Vidal
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shinsuke Nirengi
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Andrea M. Brennan
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Christina Markunas
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology and Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology and Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Bret H. Goodpaster
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Christopher B. Newgard
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology and Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Laurie J. Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Paul M. Coen
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Kristin I. Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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Benthall KN, Cording KR, Agopyan-Miu AHCW, Wong CD, Chen EY, Bateup HS. Loss of Tsc1 from striatal direct pathway neurons impairs endocannabinoid-LTD and enhances motor routine learning. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109511. [PMID: 34380034 PMCID: PMC8404511 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that often presents with psychiatric conditions, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD is characterized by restricted, repetitive, and inflexible behaviors, which may result from abnormal activity in striatal circuits that mediate motor learning and action selection. To test whether altered striatal activity contributes to aberrant motor behaviors in the context of TSC, we conditionally deleted Tsc1 from direct or indirect pathway striatal projection neurons (dSPNs or iSPNs, respectively). We find that dSPN-specific loss of Tsc1 impairs endocannabinoid-mediated long-term depression (eCB-LTD) at cortico-dSPN synapses and strongly enhances corticostriatal synaptic drive, which is not observed in iSPNs. dSPN-Tsc1 KO, but not iSPN-Tsc1 KO, mice show enhanced motor learning, a phenotype observed in several mouse models of ASD. These findings demonstrate that dSPNs are particularly sensitive to Tsc1 loss and suggest that enhanced corticostriatal activation may contribute to altered motor behaviors in TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn N Benthall
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Katherine R Cording
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Corinna D Wong
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Emily Y Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Helen S Bateup
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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3
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Chi JT, Lin PH, Tolstikov V, Oyekunle T, Alvarado GCG, Ramirez-Torres A, Chen EY, Bussberg V, Chi B, Greenwood B, Sarangarajan R, Narain NR, Kiebish MA, Freedland SJ. The influence of low-carbohydrate diets on the metabolic response to androgen-deprivation therapy in prostate cancer. Prostate 2021; 81:618-628. [PMID: 33949711 PMCID: PMC8167376 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most lethal cancer for men. For metastatic PC, standard first-line treatment is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). While effective, ADT has many metabolic side effects. Previously, we found in serum metabolome analysis that ADT reduced androsterone sulfate, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, acyl-carnitines but increased serum glucose. Since ADT reduced ketogenesis, we speculate that low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) may reverse many ADT-induced metabolic abnormalities in animals and humans. METHODS In a multicenter trial of patients with PC initiating ADT randomized to no diet change (control) or LCD, we previously showed that LCD intervention led to significant weight loss, reduced fat mass, improved insulin resistance, and lipid profiles. To determine whether and how LCD affects ADT-induced metabolic changes, we analyzed serum metabolites after 3-, and 6-months of ADT on LCD versus control. RESULTS We found androsterone sulfate was most consistently reduced by ADT and was slightly further reduced in the LCD arm. Contrastingly, LCD intervention increased 3-hydroxybutyric acid and various acyl-carnitines, counteracting their reduction during ADT. LCD also reversed the ADT-reduced lactic acid, alanine, and S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), elevating glycolysis metabolites and alanine. While the degree of androsterone reduction by ADT was strongly correlated with glucose and indole-3-carboxaldehyde, LCD disrupted such correlations. CONCLUSIONS Together, LCD intervention significantly reversed many ADT-induced metabolic changes while slightly enhancing androgen reduction. Future research is needed to confirm these findings and determine whether LCD can mitigate ADT-linked comorbidities and possibly delaying disease progression by further lowering androgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Tsan Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for Genomics and Computational Biology
- Corresponding Authors: Jen-Tsan Chi: , 1-919-6684759, 101 Science Drive, DUMC 3382, CIEMAS 2177A, Durham, NC 27708, Stephen J. Freedland: , 1-310-423-3497, 8635, W. Third St., Suite 1070W, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Pao-Hwa Lin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina USA
| | | | - Taofik Oyekunle
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC USA
| | | | - Adela Ramirez-Torres
- Center for Integrated Research in Cancer and Lifestyle, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | - Bo Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for Genomics and Computational Biology
| | | | | | | | | | - Stephen J. Freedland
- Center for Integrated Research in Cancer and Lifestyle, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA
- Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Corresponding Authors: Jen-Tsan Chi: , 1-919-6684759, 101 Science Drive, DUMC 3382, CIEMAS 2177A, Durham, NC 27708, Stephen J. Freedland: , 1-310-423-3497, 8635, W. Third St., Suite 1070W, Los Angeles, CA 90048
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4
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Ngo KA, Kishimoto K, Davis-Turak J, Pimplaskar A, Cheng Z, Spreafico R, Chen EY, Tam A, Ghosh G, Mitchell S, Hoffmann A. Dissecting the Regulatory Strategies of NF-κB RelA Target Genes in the Inflammatory Response Reveals Differential Transactivation Logics. Cell Rep 2021; 30:2758-2775.e6. [PMID: 32101750 PMCID: PMC7061728 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) RelA is the potent transcriptional activator of inflammatory response genes. We stringently defined a list of direct RelA target genes by integrating physical (chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing [ChIP-seq]) and functional (RNA sequencing [RNA-seq] in knockouts) datasets. We then dissected each gene’s regulatory strategy by testing RelA variants in a primary-cell genetic-complementation assay. All endogenous target genes require RelA to make DNA-base-specific contacts, and none are activatable by the DNA binding domain alone. However, endogenous target genes differ widely in how they employ the two transactivation domains. Through model-aided analysis of the dynamic time-course data, we reveal the gene-specific synergy and redundancy of TA1 and TA2. Given that post-translational modifications control TA1 activity and intrinsic affinity for coactivators determines TA2 activity, the differential TA logics suggests context-dependent versus context-independent control of endogenous RelA-target genes. Although some inflammatory initiators appear to require co-stimulatory TA1 activation, inflammatory resolvers are a part of the NF-κB RelA core response. Ngo et al. developed a genetic complementation system for NF-κB RelA that reveals that NF-κB target-gene selection requires high-affinity RelA binding and transcriptional activation domains for gene induction. The synergistic and redundant functions of two transactivation domains define pro-inflammatory and inflammation-response genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim A Ngo
- Signaling Systems Laboratory, Department of Microbiology Immunology, and Molecular Genetics (MIMG), Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences (QCB), Molecular Biology Institute (MBI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kensei Kishimoto
- Signaling Systems Laboratory, Department of Microbiology Immunology, and Molecular Genetics (MIMG), Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences (QCB), Molecular Biology Institute (MBI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jeremy Davis-Turak
- Signaling Systems Laboratory, Department of Microbiology Immunology, and Molecular Genetics (MIMG), Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences (QCB), Molecular Biology Institute (MBI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aditya Pimplaskar
- Signaling Systems Laboratory, Department of Microbiology Immunology, and Molecular Genetics (MIMG), Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences (QCB), Molecular Biology Institute (MBI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhang Cheng
- Signaling Systems Laboratory, Department of Microbiology Immunology, and Molecular Genetics (MIMG), Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences (QCB), Molecular Biology Institute (MBI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Roberto Spreafico
- Signaling Systems Laboratory, Department of Microbiology Immunology, and Molecular Genetics (MIMG), Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences (QCB), Molecular Biology Institute (MBI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Emily Y Chen
- Signaling Systems Laboratory, Department of Microbiology Immunology, and Molecular Genetics (MIMG), Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences (QCB), Molecular Biology Institute (MBI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Amy Tam
- Signaling Systems Laboratory, Department of Microbiology Immunology, and Molecular Genetics (MIMG), Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences (QCB), Molecular Biology Institute (MBI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gourisankar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Simon Mitchell
- Signaling Systems Laboratory, Department of Microbiology Immunology, and Molecular Genetics (MIMG), Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences (QCB), Molecular Biology Institute (MBI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Signaling Systems Laboratory, Department of Microbiology Immunology, and Molecular Genetics (MIMG), Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences (QCB), Molecular Biology Institute (MBI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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5
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Dadali T, Diers AR, Kazerounian S, Muthuswamy SK, Awate P, Ng R, Mogre S, Spencer C, Krumova K, Rockwell HE, McDaniel J, Chen EY, Gao F, Diedrich KT, Vemulapalli V, Rodrigues LO, Akmaev VR, Thapa K, Hidalgo M, Bose A, Vishnudas VK, Moser AJ, Granger E, Kiebish MA, Gesta S, Narain NR, Sarangarajan R. Elevated levels of mitochondrial CoQ 10 induce ROS-mediated apoptosis in pancreatic cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5749. [PMID: 33707480 PMCID: PMC7952582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84852-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in triggering cell signalling events and pathways to promote and maintain tumorigenicity. Chemotherapy and radiation can induce ROS to elicit cell death allows for targeting ROS pathways for effective anti-cancer therapeutics. Coenzyme Q10 is a critical cofactor in the electron transport chain with complex biological functions that extend beyond mitochondrial respiration. This study demonstrates that delivery of oxidized Coenzyme Q10 (ubidecarenone) to increase mitochondrial Q-pool is associated with an increase in ROS generation, effectuating anti-cancer effects in a pancreatic cancer model. Consequent activation of cell death was observed in vitro in pancreatic cancer cells, and both human patient-derived organoids and tumour xenografts. The study is a first to demonstrate the effectiveness of oxidized ubidecarenone in targeting mitochondrial function resulting in an anti-cancer effect. Furthermore, these findings support the clinical development of proprietary formulation, BPM31510, for treatment of cancers with high ROS burden with potential sensitivity to ubidecarenone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulin Dadali
- BERG LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA, 01710, USA
| | - Anne R Diers
- BERG LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA, 01710, USA
| | - Shiva Kazerounian
- BERG LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA, 01710, USA
| | - Senthil K Muthuswamy
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Pallavi Awate
- BERG LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA, 01710, USA
| | - Ryan Ng
- BERG LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA, 01710, USA
| | - Saie Mogre
- BERG LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA, 01710, USA
| | - Carrie Spencer
- BERG LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA, 01710, USA
| | - Katerina Krumova
- BERG LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA, 01710, USA
| | - Hannah E Rockwell
- BERG LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA, 01710, USA
| | - Justice McDaniel
- BERG LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA, 01710, USA
| | - Emily Y Chen
- BERG LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA, 01710, USA
| | - Fei Gao
- BERG LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA, 01710, USA
| | - Karl T Diedrich
- BERG LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA, 01710, USA
| | - Vijetha Vemulapalli
- BERG LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA, 01710, USA
| | - Leonardo O Rodrigues
- BERG LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA, 01710, USA
| | - Viatcheslav R Akmaev
- BERG LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA, 01710, USA
| | - Khampaseuth Thapa
- BERG LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA, 01710, USA
| | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Arindam Bose
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Vivek K Vishnudas
- BERG LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA, 01710, USA
| | - A James Moser
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Elder Granger
- BERG LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA, 01710, USA
| | - Michael A Kiebish
- BERG LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA, 01710, USA
| | - Stephane Gesta
- BERG LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA, 01710, USA
| | - Niven R Narain
- BERG LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA, 01710, USA
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6
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Hamilton PJ, Chen EY, Tolstikov V, Peña CJ, Picone JA, Shah P, Panagopoulos K, Strat AN, Walker DM, Lorsch ZS, Robinson HL, Mervosh NL, Kiraly DD, Sarangarajan R, Narain NR, Kiebish MA, Nestler EJ. Chronic stress and antidepressant treatment alter purine metabolism and beta oxidation within mouse brain and serum. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18134. [PMID: 33093530 PMCID: PMC7582177 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex condition with unclear pathophysiology. Molecular disruptions within limbic brain regions and the periphery contribute to depression symptomatology and a more complete understanding the diversity of molecular changes that occur in these tissues may guide the development of more efficacious antidepressant treatments. Here, we utilized a mouse chronic social stress model for the study of MDD and performed metabolomic, lipidomic, and proteomic profiling on serum plus several brain regions (ventral hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, and medial prefrontal cortex) of susceptible, resilient, and unstressed control mice. To identify how commonly used tricyclic antidepressants impact the molecular composition in these tissues, we treated stress-exposed mice with imipramine and repeated our multi-OMIC analyses. Proteomic analysis identified three serum proteins reduced in susceptible animals; lipidomic analysis detected differences in lipid species between resilient and susceptible animals in serum and brain; and metabolomic analysis revealed dysfunction of purine metabolism, beta oxidation, and antioxidants, which were differentially associated with stress susceptibility vs resilience by brain region. Antidepressant treatment ameliorated stress-induced behavioral abnormalities and affected key metabolites within outlined networks, most dramatically in the ventral hippocampus. This work presents a resource for chronic social stress-induced, tissue-specific changes in proteins, lipids, and metabolites and illuminates how molecular dysfunctions contribute to individual differences in stress sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Hamilton
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
| | - Emily Y Chen
- BERG LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA
| | | | - Catherine J Peña
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Joseph A Picone
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Punit Shah
- BERG LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA
| | | | - Ana N Strat
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Deena M Walker
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Zachary S Lorsch
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Hannah L Robinson
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Nicholas L Mervosh
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Drew D Kiraly
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Niven R Narain
- BERG LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA
| | | | - Eric J Nestler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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7
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Amatruda M, Petracca M, Wentling M, Inbar B, Castro K, Chen EY, Kiebish MA, Edwards K, Inglese M, Casaccia P. Retrospective unbiased plasma lipidomic of progressive multiple sclerosis patients-identifies lipids discriminating those with faster clinical deterioration. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15644. [PMID: 32973249 PMCID: PMC7515876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72654-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The disease course of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) is uncertain. In an attempt to identify potential signaling pathways involved in the evolution of the disease, we conducted an exploratory unbiased lipidomic analysis of plasma from non-diseased controls (n = 8) and patients with primary progressive MS (PPMS, n = 19) and either a rapid (PPMS-P, n = 9) or slow (PPMS-NP, n = 10) disease course based on worsening disability and/or MRI-visible appearance of new T2 lesions over a one-year-assessment. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis of the MS/MSALL lipidomic dataset, identified lipids driving the clustering of the groups. Among these lipids, sphingomyelin-d18:1/14:0 and mono-hexosylceramide-d18:1/20:0 were differentially abundant in the plasma of PPMS patients compared to controls and their levels correlated with MRI signs of disease progression. Lyso-phosphatidic acid-18:2 (LPA-18:2) was the only lipid with significantly lower abundance in PPMS patients with a rapidly deteriorating disease course, and its levels inversely correlated with the severity of the neurological deficit. Decreased levels of LPA-18:2 were detected in patients with more rapid disease progression, regardless of therapy and these findings were validated in an independent cohort of secondary progressive (SPMS) patients, but not in a third cohorts of relapsing–remitting (RRMS) patients. Collectively, our analysis suggests that sphingomyelin-d18:1/14:0, mono-hexosylceramide-d18:1/20:0, and LPA-18:2 may represent important targets for future studies aimed at understanding disease progression in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Amatruda
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 Saint Nicholas Terrace, 4th Fl, New York, NY, 10031, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Maria Petracca
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Maureen Wentling
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 Saint Nicholas Terrace, 4th Fl, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Benjamin Inbar
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 Saint Nicholas Terrace, 4th Fl, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Kamilah Castro
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 Saint Nicholas Terrace, 4th Fl, New York, NY, 10031, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Matilde Inglese
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), Neurologic Clinic, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 Saint Nicholas Terrace, 4th Fl, New York, NY, 10031, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Kiebish MA, Shah P, Bussberg V, Tolstikov V, Searfoss R, Ofori-Mensa K, Grund EM, Darkwah A, Chen EY, Greenwood B, Ntoso EA, Rodrigues L, Liu M, Granger E, Bountra C, Sarangarajan R, Moser AJ, Narain NR. Abstract 2860: Impact of hemolysis on multi-omic pancreatic cancer biomarker discovery: De-risking precision medicine biomarker development. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-2860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Biomarker analysis is critically dependent on the quality of biofluid or tissue samples obtained from human research studies. Although proteomic, lipidomic, and metabolomic analyses can be dramatically impacted by the time of sample collection, fasting status, and participant demographics, the hemolysis status of plasma, serum or buffy coat samples is a poorly understood confounder of sample quality. Hemoglobin levels can range between 0 - 10 g/L in samples (referred to as 1-4 in plasma/serum and 0-4 level in buffy coat) as a marker of hemolysis severity and sample contamination by reticulocyte-derived analytes. In oncology clinical trials, patients can be more susceptible to hemolysis due to chemotherapy treatment, which can impact sample assessment and study results. Herein, we analyzed 941 plasma and 950 serum samples using comprehensive proteomics, structural lipidomics, signaling lipidomics, and metabolomics in a pancreatic cancer biomarker discovery program referred to as Project Survival as well as 951 buffy coat samples using only proteomic analysis. Project survival is a 7-year longitudinal pancreatic cancer biomarker discovery trial analyzing 400+ pancreatic cancer and at-risk patients using multi-omic and multiple biofluid assessment. To date this study yielded samples in plasma with 92.3% - #1, 6.5% - #2, 1.2% - #3, and 0% - #4 hemolysis, serum with 94.8% - #1, 3.8% - #2, 1.4% - #3, and 0% - #4 hemolysis and buffy coat 42.7% - #0, 25.6% - #1, 20.8% -#2, 10.4% - #3, and 0.5% - #4 hemolysis. Multi-omic and regression analysis of sample data for hemolysis status revealed a distinct pattern of OMIC variables correlated with the degree of hemolysis. Proteomics analysis was the greatest impacted in terms of the protein identification and quantitation. Additionally, pathway analysis revealed expected pathways associated with hemolysis and coagulation, but also unknown pathways and corresponding proteins that were differentially correlated with hemolysis state. Additionally, metabolomics and lipidomics analysis also revealed distinct differentials associated with hemolysis state. Herein, our analysis is the first to analyze thousands of samples using multi-omics revealing critically informative molecular differentials across OMIC technologies demonstrating that caution should be given to avoid these identified biomarkers for translational development.
Citation Format: Michael A. Kiebish, Punit Shah, Valerie Bussberg, Vladimir Tolstikov, Rick Searfoss, Kennedy Ofori-Mensa, Eric M. Grund, Abena Darkwah, Emily Y. Chen, Bennett Greenwood, Ellaine Adu Ntoso, Leonardo Rodrigues, Mia Liu, Elder Granger, Chas Bountra, Rangaprasad Sarangarajan, A J. Moser, Niven R. Narain. Impact of hemolysis on multi-omic pancreatic cancer biomarker discovery: De-risking precision medicine biomarker development [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2860.
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Hinkley JM, Cornnell HH, Standley RA, Chen EY, Narain NR, Greenwood BP, Bussberg V, Tolstikov VV, Kiebish MA, Yi F, Vega RB, Goodpaster BH, Coen PM. Older adults with sarcopenia have distinct skeletal muscle phosphodiester, phosphocreatine, and phospholipid profiles. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13135. [PMID: 32468656 PMCID: PMC7294783 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with age (sarcopenia) is a critical healthcare challenge for older adults. 31‐phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P‐MRS) is a powerful tool used to evaluate phosphorus metabolite levels in muscle. Here, we sought to determine which phosphorus metabolites were linked with reduced muscle mass and function in older adults. This investigation was conducted across two separate studies. Resting phosphorus metabolites in skeletal muscle were examined by 31P‐MRS. In the first study, fifty‐five older adults with obesity were enrolled and we found that resting phosphocreatine (PCr) was positively associated with muscle volume and knee extensor peak power, while a phosphodiester peak (PDE2) was negatively related to these variables. In the second study, we examined well‐phenotyped older adults that were classified as nonsarcopenic or sarcopenic based on sex‐specific criteria described by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. PCr content was lower in muscle from older adults with sarcopenia compared to controls, while PDE2 was elevated. Percutaneous biopsy specimens of the vastus lateralis were obtained for metabolomic and lipidomic analyses. Lower PCr was related to higher muscle creatine. PDE2 was associated with glycerol‐phosphoethanolamine levels, a putative marker of phospholipid membrane damage. Lipidomic analyses revealed that the major phospholipids, (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylglycerol) were elevated in sarcopenic muscle and were inversely related to muscle volume and peak power. These data suggest phosphorus metabolites and phospholipids are associated with the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fanchao Yi
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute Orlando FL USA
| | - Rick B. Vega
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute Orlando FL USA
| | | | - Paul M. Coen
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute Orlando FL USA
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10
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Chi JT, Lin PH, Tolstikov V, Oyekunle T, Chen EY, Bussberg V, Greenwood B, Sarangarajan R, Narain NR, Kiebish MA, Freedland SJ. Metabolomic effects of androgen deprivation therapy treatment for prostate cancer. Cancer Med 2020; 9:3691-3702. [PMID: 32232974 PMCID: PMC7286468 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the main treatment strategy for men with metastatic prostate cancer (PC). However, ADT is associated with various metabolic disturbances, including impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and weight gain, increasing risk of diabetes and cardiovascular death. Much remains unknown about the metabolic pathways and disturbances altered by ADT and the mechanisms. We assessed the metabolomic effects of ADT in the serum of 20 men receiving ADT. Sera collected before (baseline), 3 and 6 months after initiation of ADT was used for the metabolomics and lipidomics analyses. The ADT‐associated metabolic changes were identified by univariable and multivariable statistical analysis, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. We found multiple key changes. First, ADT treatments reduced the steroid synthesis as reflected by the lower androgen sulfate and other steroid hormones. Greater androgen reduction was correlated with higher serum glucose levels, supporting the diabetogenic role of ADT. Second, ADT consistently decreased the 3‐hydroxybutyric acid and ketogenesis. Third, many acyl‐carnitines were reduced, indicating the effects on the fatty acid metabolism. Fourth, ADT was associated with a corresponding reduction in 3‐formyl indole (a.k.a. indole‐3‐carboxaldehyde), a microbiota‐derived metabolite from the dietary tryptophan. Indole‐3‐carboxaldehyde is an agonist for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and regulates the mucosal reactivity and inflammation. Together, these ADT‐associated metabolomic analyses identified reduction in steroid synthesis and ketogenesis as prominent features, suggesting therapeutic potential of restricted ketogenic diets, though this requires formal testing. ADT may also impact the microbial production of indoles related to the immune pathways. Future research is needed to determine the functional impact and underlying mechanisms to prevent ADT‐linked comorbidities and diabetes risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Tsan Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Pao-Hwa Lin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Taofik Oyekunle
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen J Freedland
- Center for Integrated Research in Cancer and Lifestyle, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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11
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Kiebish MA, Cullen J, Mishra P, Ali A, Milliman E, Rodrigues LO, Chen EY, Tolstikov V, Zhang L, Panagopoulos K, Shah P, Chen Y, Petrovics G, Rosner IL, Sesterhenn IA, McLeod DG, Granger E, Sarangarajan R, Akmaev V, Srinivasan A, Srivastava S, Narain NR, Dobi A. Multi-omic serum biomarkers for prognosis of disease progression in prostate cancer. J Transl Med 2020; 18:10. [PMID: 31910880 PMCID: PMC6945688 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-02185-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Predicting the clinical course of prostate cancer is challenging due to the wide biological spectrum of the disease. The objective of our study was to identify prostate cancer prognostic markers in patients ‘sera using a multi-omics discovery platform. Methods Pre-surgical serum samples collected from a longitudinal, racially diverse, prostate cancer patient cohort (N = 382) were examined. Linear Regression and Bayesian computational approaches integrated with multi-omics, were used to select markers to predict biochemical recurrence (BCR). BCR-free survival was modeled using unadjusted Kaplan–Meier estimation curves and multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis, adjusted for key pathologic variables. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve statistics were used to examine the predictive value of markers in discriminating BCR events from non-events. The findings were further validated by creating a training set (N = 267) and testing set (N = 115) from the cohort. Results Among 382 patients, 72 (19%) experienced a BCR event in a median follow-up time of 6.9 years. Two proteins—Tenascin C (TNC) and Apolipoprotein A1V (Apo-AIV), one metabolite—1-Methyladenosine (1-MA) and one phospholipid molecular species phosphatidic acid (PA) 18:0-22:0 showed a cumulative predictive performance of AUC = 0.78 [OR (95% CI) = 6.56 (2.98–14.40), P < 0.05], in differentiating patients with and without BCR event. In the validation set all four metabolites consistently reproduced an equivalent performance with high negative predictive value (NPV; > 80%) for BCR. The combination of pTstage and Gleason score with the analytes, further increased the sensitivity [AUC = 0.89, 95% (CI) = 4.45–32.05, P < 0.05], with an increased NPV (0.96) and OR (12.4) for BCR. The panel of markers combined with the pathological parameters demonstrated a more accurate prediction of BCR than the pathological parameters alone in prostate cancer. Conclusions In this study, a panel of serum analytes were identified that complemented pathologic patient features in predicting prostate cancer progression. This panel offers a new opportunity to complement current prognostic markers and to monitor the potential impact of primary treatment versus surveillance on patient oncological outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Cullen
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Prachi Mishra
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amina Ali
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yongmei Chen
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gyorgy Petrovics
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Inger L Rosner
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - David G McLeod
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alagarsamy Srinivasan
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shiv Srivastava
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Albert Dobi
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Lynes MD, Shamsi F, Sustarsic EG, Leiria LO, Wang CH, Su SC, Huang TL, Gao F, Narain NR, Chen EY, Cypess AM, Schulz TJ, Gerhart-Hines Z, Kiebish MA, Tseng YH. Cold-Activated Lipid Dynamics in Adipose Tissue Highlights a Role for Cardiolipin in Thermogenic Metabolism. Cell Rep 2019; 24:781-790. [PMID: 30021173 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermogenic fat expends energy during cold for temperature homeostasis, and its activity regulates nutrient metabolism and insulin sensitivity. We measured cold-activated lipid landscapes in circulation and in adipose tissue by MS/MSALL shotgun lipidomics. We created an interactive online viewer to visualize the changes of specific lipid species in response to cold. In adipose tissue, among the approximately 1,600 lipid species profiled, we identified the biosynthetic pathway of the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin as coordinately activated in brown and beige fat by cold in wild-type and transgenic mice with enhanced browning of white fat. Together, these data provide a comprehensive lipid bio-signature of thermogenic fat activation in circulation and tissue and suggest pathways regulated by cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Lynes
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Farnaz Shamsi
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Elahu Gosney Sustarsic
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luiz O Leiria
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Wang
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sheng-Chiang Su
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tian Lian Huang
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Fei Gao
- BERG, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tim J Schulz
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Zachary Gerhart-Hines
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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13
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Leiria LO, Wang CH, Lynes MD, Yang K, Shamsi F, Sato M, Sugimoto S, Chen EY, Bussberg V, Narain NR, Sansbury BE, Darcy J, Huang TL, Kodani SD, Sakaguchi M, Rocha AL, Schulz TJ, Bartelt A, Hotamisligil GS, Hirshman MF, van Leyen K, Goodyear LJ, Blüher M, Cypess AM, Kiebish MA, Spite M, Tseng YH. 12-Lipoxygenase Regulates Cold Adaptation and Glucose Metabolism by Producing the Omega-3 Lipid 12-HEPE from Brown Fat. Cell Metab 2019; 30:768-783.e7. [PMID: 31353262 PMCID: PMC6774888 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Distinct oxygenases and their oxylipin products have been shown to participate in thermogenesis by mediating physiological adaptations required to sustain body temperature. Since the role of the lipoxygenase (LOX) family in cold adaptation remains elusive, we aimed to investigate whether, and how, LOX activity is required for cold adaptation and to identify LOX-derived lipid mediators that could serve as putative cold mimetics with therapeutic potential to combat diabetes. By utilizing mass-spectrometry-based lipidomics in mice and humans, we demonstrated that cold and β3-adrenergic stimulation could promote the biosynthesis and release of 12-LOX metabolites from brown adipose tissue (BAT). Moreover, 12-LOX ablation in mouse brown adipocytes impaired glucose uptake and metabolism, resulting in blunted adaptation to the cold in vivo. The cold-induced 12-LOX product 12-HEPE was found to be a batokine that improves glucose metabolism by promoting glucose uptake into adipocytes and skeletal muscle through activation of an insulin-like intracellular signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Osório Leiria
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Wang
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew D Lynes
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kunyan Yang
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Farnaz Shamsi
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mari Sato
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Satoru Sugimoto
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Brian E Sansbury
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin Darcy
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tian Lian Huang
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sean D Kodani
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masaji Sakaguchi
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andréa L Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Tim J Schulz
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Alexander Bartelt
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases & Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80336, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Gökhan S Hotamisligil
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases & Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael F Hirshman
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Klaus van Leyen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Matthew Spite
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Freedland S, Lin PH, Chen EY, Tolstikov V, Chi JT, Sarangarajan R, Narain NR, Kiebish MA. Abstract 4900: Dynamic metabolic response of prostate cancer patients treated with ADT and low carb diet. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-4900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer (PrCa) is one of the most common cancers among men and managed through surgery, hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, radiation, and cryotherapy. Depending on the stage of PrCa, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is commonly utilized as an intervention. ADT has proven effective in intervening in PrCa progression, although there are several side effects. Recently, the use of low carb diets has been shown to alter patients’ metabolic phenotype and as such may reduce the side effects of ADT.
Methods: In this study 35 men, who were beginning ADT, were randomized to low carb diet intervention with recommended exercise or control (no lifestyle change) for 6 months. Primary results have been reported showing significant weight loss at both 3-month (17lb, p<0.01) and 6-month (23 lbs, p<0.01) and improved insulin control at 3-month (HOMA=-19 as compared to baseline, p=0.02) but not at 6-month (HOMA=-4 as compared to baseline, p=0.13). For this exploratory analysis, sera collected at baseline, 3, and 6 months was used for metabolomics analysis utilizing GC/MS TOF, QqQ LC-HILIC-MS/MS, and TripleTOF 6600 LC-RP-MS and lipidomics analysis using TripleTOF 5600+ MS/MSALL workflows to quantify the chemical diversity of the metabolome and lipidome.
Results: Over 450 metabolites and 1000 lipid species were quantified. Metabolomics analysis of sera from the control patients (ADT alone) demonstrated alterations in steroid biosynthesis, androgen/estrogen metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and lysine degradation. Lipidomics analysis of the control patients demonstrated changes in selective long chain polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine species. Analysis of the ADT plus low carb patients revealed a change in pyruvate, glucose-alanine cycle, selenoamino acid, phenylalanine/tyrosine, and taurine metabolism. Further, lipidomic analysis revealed changes in several triglycerides, plasmalenylethanolamine, and phosphatidic acid species.
Conclusion: In summary, integration of metabolomic and lipidomic analysis in hormonal and metabolic interventions of PrCa patients revealed dynamic changes providing novel insight for tailoring therapeutic intervention and monitoring.
Citation Format: Stephen Freedland, Pao-Hwa Lin, Emily Y. Chen, Vladimir Tolstikov, Jen-Tsan Chi, Rangaprasad Sarangarajan, Niven R. Narain, Michael A. Kiebish. Dynamic metabolic response of prostate cancer patients treated with ADT and low carb diet [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4900.
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Grund EM, Kiebish MA, Akmaev VR, Sarangarajan R, Crowley JJ, Stoll-D'Astice A, Singer T, Decicco C, Hori W, Darkwah A, Zhang L, Bussberg V, Rodrigues LO, Chen EY, Dragovich T, Hidalgo M, Narain NR, Moser AJ. Abstract 4945: Project Survival: Engineering a phenomic and artificial intelligence driven precision medicine biomarker pipeline for pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-4945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a complex and dynamic disorder necessitating a comprehensive clinical design integrated with robust OMICS technologies and AI analytics to identify potential molecular and clinical signatures of diagnosis, progression, and treatment outcomes. Project Survival is a multisite prospective longitudinal study currently in the 4th year of a 6 year initiative of sampling and analysis of subjects in 6 categories: healthy volunteers with a first degree relative with pancreatic cancer (N=39), pancreatitis (N=34), pancreatic cystic neoplasm (N=52), suspicious pancreatic masses with pathology other than pancreatic cancer (N=22), early stage (N=66), locally advanced (N=123), and metastatic pancreatic cancer (N=99). All diseased patients are longitudinally sampled multiple times per year for sera, plasma, buffy coat, saliva, urine, and tumor/adjacent normal tissue. The BERG Interrogative Biology® platform is employed for multi-omic mass spectrometry analysis (metabolomics, lipidomics and proteomics) and applies artificial intelligence (bAIcis®, BERG Artificial Intelligence Clinical Information System) technologies. bAIcis® is harnessed to align the multi-omic profiles with longitudinal clinical information to infer probabilistic cause-and-effect relationships among molecular and clinical variables in a network-based model. Multiple longitudinal time points continue to be collected during the course of the six-year timeline enabling dynamic modeling. The value of this longitudinal study is in the epidemiological assessment of patient type progression to more advanced stages and identification of biomarkers and clinical features that align with the shifts observed in the patient populations. Collectively, we are incorporating patient progression with longitudinal sampling to investigate predictive signatures of disease advancement. Biomarker panels with AUC > 0.7 will be pursued in a further prospective clinical study with a larger subject number. The integration of multi-omic analysis with artificial intelligence has identified several biomarker panels that meet numerous unmet needs for the identification and clinical stratification of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Citation Format: Eric Michael Grund, Michael A. Kiebish, Viatcheslav R. Akmaev, Rangaprasad Sarangarajan, John J. Crowley, Amy Stoll-D'Astice, Tori Singer, Corinne Decicco, Wendy Hori, Abena Darkwah, Lixia Zhang, Valerie Bussberg, Leonardo O. Rodrigues, Emily Y. Chen, Tomislav Dragovich, Manuel Hidalgo, Niven R. Narain, A James Moser. Project Survival: Engineering a phenomic and artificial intelligence driven precision medicine biomarker pipeline for pancreatic adenocarcinomas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4945.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tori Singer
- 3Beth Isreal Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - Wendy Hori
- 3Beth Isreal Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
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Castro K, Ntranos A, Amatruda M, Petracca M, Kosa P, Chen EY, Morstein J, Trauner D, Watson CT, Kiebish MA, Bielekova B, Inglese M, Katz Sand I, Casaccia P. Body Mass Index in Multiple Sclerosis modulates ceramide-induced DNA methylation and disease course. EBioMedicine 2019; 43:392-410. [PMID: 30981648 PMCID: PMC6557766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple Sclerosis (MS) results from genetic predisposition and environmental variables, including elevated Body Mass Index (BMI) in early life. This study addresses the effect of BMI on the epigenome of monocytes and disease course in MS. METHODS Fifty-four therapy-naive Relapsing Remitting (RR) MS patients with high and normal BMI received clinical and MRI evaluation. Blood samples were immunophenotyped, and processed for unbiased plasma lipidomic profiling and genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of circulating monocytes. The main findings at baseline were validated in an independent cohort of 91 therapy-naïve RRMS patients. Disease course was evaluated by a two-year longitudinal follow up and mechanistic hypotheses tested in human cell cultures and in animal models of MS. FINDINGS Higher monocytic counts and plasma ceramides, and hypermethylation of genes involved in negative regulation of cell proliferation were detected in the high BMI group of MS patients compared to normal BMI. Ceramide treatment of monocytic cell cultures increased proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and was prevented by DNA methylation inhibitors. The high BMI group of MS patients showed a negative correlation between monocytic counts and brain volume. Those subjects at a two-year follow-up showed increased T1 lesion load, increased disease activity, and worsened clinical disability. Lastly, the relationship between body weight, monocytic infiltration, DNA methylation and disease course was validated in mouse models of MS. INTERPRETATION High BMI negatively impacts disease course in Multiple Sclerosis by modulating monocyte cell number through ceramide-induced DNA methylation of anti-proliferative genes. FUND: This work was supported by funds from the Friedman Brain Institute, NIH, and Multiple Sclerosis Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilah Castro
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, United States of America
| | - Achilles Ntranos
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, United States of America
| | - Mario Amatruda
- Advanced Science Research Center at The Graduate Center of The City University of New York and Inter-Institutional Center for Glial Biology at Icahn School of Medicine New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Maria Petracca
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, United States of America
| | - Peter Kosa
- Neuroimmunological Disease Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Emily Y Chen
- BERG, LLC. Framingham, MA, United States of America
| | - Johannes Morstein
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, NY, New York, United States of America
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, NY, New York, United States of America
| | - Corey T Watson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | | | - Bibiana Bielekova
- Neuroimmunological Disease Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Matilde Inglese
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, United States of America
| | - Ilana Katz Sand
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, United States of America
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, United States of America; Advanced Science Research Center at The Graduate Center of The City University of New York and Inter-Institutional Center for Glial Biology at Icahn School of Medicine New York, New York, United States of America.
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Chen
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA
| | - V Prasad
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA; Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA; Center for Health Care Ethics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA.
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18
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Feng X, Ji P, Li Z, Drake T, Oliveres P, Chen EY, Song Y, Wang C, Lin W. Aluminum Hydroxide Secondary Building Units in a Metal–Organic Framework Support Earth-Abundant Metal Catalysts for Broad-Scope Organic Transformations. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Feng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Pengfei Ji
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iCHEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Tasha Drake
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Pau Oliveres
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Emily Y. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iCHEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wenbin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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19
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Gao F, McDaniel J, Chen EY, Rockwell HE, Nguyen C, Lynes MD, Tseng YH, Sarangarajan R, Narain NR, Kiebish MA. Adapted MS/MS ALL Shotgun Lipidomics Approach for Analysis of Cardiolipin Molecular Species. Lipids 2019; 53:133-142. [PMID: 29488636 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (Ptd2 Gro) is a complex, doubly charged phospholipid located in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it plays an essential role in regulating bioenergetics. Abnormalities in Ptd2 Gro content or composition have been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in a variety of disease states. Here, we report the development of an adapted high-resolution data-independent acquisition (DIA) MS/MSALL shotgun lipidomic method to enhance the accuracy and reproducibility of Ptd2 Gro molecular species quantitation from biological samples. Utilizing the doubly charged molecular ions and the isotopic pattern with negative mode electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) using an adapted MS/MSALL approach, we profiled more than 150 individual Ptd2 Gro species, including monolysocardiolipin (MLPtd2 Gro). The method described in this study demonstrated high reproducibility, sensitivity, and throughput with a wide dynamic range. This high-resolution MS/MSALL shotgun lipidomics approach could be extended to screening aberrations of Ptd2 Gro metabolism involved in mitochondrial dysfunction in various pathological conditions and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- BERG, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Justice McDaniel
- BERG, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Emily Y Chen
- BERG, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Hannah E Rockwell
- BERG, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Cindy Nguyen
- BERG, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Matthew D Lynes
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Niven R Narain
- BERG, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Michael A Kiebish
- BERG, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
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20
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Feng X, Song Y, Chen JS, Li Z, Chen EY, Kaufmann M, Wang C, Lin W. Cobalt-bridged secondary building units in a titanium metal-organic framework catalyze cascade reduction of N-heteroarenes. Chem Sci 2018; 10:2193-2198. [PMID: 30881644 PMCID: PMC6385530 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04610g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here the synthesis of a robust Ti–MOF with novel SBUs and its use as oxo ligands to chelate Co-hydrides for cascade reduction of N-heteroarenes.
We report here a novel Ti3–BPDC metal–organic framework (MOF) constructed from biphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylate (BPDC) linkers and Ti3(OH)2 secondary building units (SBUs) with permanent porosity and large 1D channels. Ti–OH groups from neighboring SBUs point toward each other with an O–O distance of 2 Å, and upon deprotonation, act as the first bidentate SBU-based ligands to support CoII-hydride species for effective cascade reduction of N-heteroarenes (such as pyridines and quinolines) via sequential dearomative hydroboration and hydrogenation, affording piperidine and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives with excellent activity (turnover number ∼ 1980) and chemoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Feng
- Department of Chemistry , University of Chicago , 929 E. 57th St. , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , USA .
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Chemistry , University of Chicago , 929 E. 57th St. , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , USA .
| | - Justin S Chen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Chicago , 929 E. 57th St. , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , USA .
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of Chicago , 929 E. 57th St. , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , USA . .,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , iCHEM , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , PR China
| | - Emily Y Chen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Chicago , 929 E. 57th St. , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , USA .
| | - Michael Kaufmann
- Department of Chemistry , University of Chicago , 929 E. 57th St. , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , USA .
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , iCHEM , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , PR China
| | - Wenbin Lin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Chicago , 929 E. 57th St. , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , USA . .,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , iCHEM , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , PR China
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21
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Baskin AS, Linderman JD, Brychta RJ, McGehee S, Anflick-Chames E, Cero C, Johnson JW, O'Mara AE, Fletcher LA, Leitner BP, Duckworth CJ, Huang S, Cai H, Garraffo HM, Millo CM, Dieckmann W, Tolstikov V, Chen EY, Gao F, Narain NR, Kiebish MA, Walter PJ, Herscovitch P, Chen KY, Cypess AM. Regulation of Human Adipose Tissue Activation, Gallbladder Size, and Bile Acid Metabolism by a β3-Adrenergic Receptor Agonist. Diabetes 2018; 67:2113-2125. [PMID: 29980535 PMCID: PMC6152342 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
β3-adrenergic receptor (AR) agonists are approved to treat only overactive bladder. However, rodent studies suggest that these drugs could have other beneficial effects on human metabolism. We performed tissue receptor profiling and showed that the human β3-AR mRNA is also highly expressed in gallbladder and brown adipose tissue (BAT). We next studied the clinical implications of this distribution in 12 healthy men given one-time randomized doses of placebo, the approved dose of 50 mg, and 200 mg of the β3-AR agonist mirabegron. There was a more-than-dose-proportional increase in BAT metabolic activity as measured by [18F]-2-fluoro-D-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (medians 0.0 vs. 18.2 vs. 305.6 mL ⋅ mean standardized uptake value [SUVmean] ⋅ g/mL). Only the 200-mg dose elevated both nonesterified fatty acids (68%) and resting energy expenditure (5.8%). Previously undescribed increases in gallbladder size (35%) and reductions in conjugated bile acids were also discovered. Therefore, besides urinary bladder relaxation, the human β3-AR contributes to white adipose tissue lipolysis, BAT thermogenesis, gallbladder relaxation, and bile acid metabolism. This physiology should be considered in the development of more selective β3-AR agonists to treat obesity-related complications.
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MESH Headings
- Acetanilides/pharmacology
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Adolescent
- Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism
- Gallbladder/drug effects
- Gallbladder/metabolism
- Healthy Volunteers
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Middle Aged
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/metabolism
- Thermogenesis/drug effects
- Thermogenesis/genetics
- Thiazoles/pharmacology
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison S Baskin
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Joyce D Linderman
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Robert J Brychta
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Suzanne McGehee
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Esti Anflick-Chames
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Cheryl Cero
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - James W Johnson
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alana E O'Mara
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Laura A Fletcher
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Brooks P Leitner
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Courtney J Duckworth
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Shan Huang
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hongyi Cai
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - H Martin Garraffo
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Corina M Millo
- Department of Positron Emission Tomography, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - William Dieckmann
- Department of Positron Emission Tomography, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter J Walter
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Peter Herscovitch
- Department of Positron Emission Tomography, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kong Y Chen
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Aaron M Cypess
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Panagopoulos K, Shah P, Kovatich A, Kiebish MA, Hooke J, Campbell L, Cutler ML, Kovatich A, Hu H, Deyarmin B, Sturtz L, Kumar PKR, Somiari S, Chen EY, Granger E, Akmaev V, Sarangarajan R, Narain N, Shriver CD. Abstract 5660: Proteomic comparative assessment of flash-frozen and OCT embedded breast cancer tissues for utilization in precision oncology discovery studies. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-5660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Proteomic analysis is an important tool in classifying molecular architecture of tissue samples for subtyping and precision oncology applications. Tissues are commonly either flash frozen (FF) or embedded in optimal cutting temperature (OCT) compound for long-term storage. OCT provides a convenient specimen matrix for cryostat sectioning but contains glycols and resins which are incompatible with mass spectrometric analysis of proteins. In contrast, flash frozen preservation of tissue is historically considered to be more suitable and compatible with mass spectrometry applications. As a pilot study, we evaluated different tissue preservation methods, sample processing methods, and protein extraction methods, and their impact on quantitation and coverage of the proteome. In this pilot study, 30 breast cancer cases with matching flash frozen and OCT-embedded samples were used for proteomic analysis. Tissues were procured from the Clinical Breast Care Project (CBCP) in partnership with the Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine at Windber, and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (WRNMMC). Breast cancer subtypes were determined by clinical and expanded immunohistochemical panels. These subtypes were Her2, Luminal A (LA), Luminal B (LB) and Triple Negative (TN). Flash frozen tissues were cryosectioned to isolate 60-100 mg total tissue per case, and proteins were extracted using an 8M urea lysis buffer. The OCT specimens were laser microdissected to isolate primarily tumor cells from the samples. Proteins were extracted using the illustra TriplePrep kit. Digested proteins were then multiplexed using Tandem-Mass-Tag (TMT) 10plex isobaric labeling reagents, and chromatographically resolved using a Waters 2D nanoAcquity liquid chromatographer (LC) coupled to a Thermo Q Exactive Plus mass spectrometer (MS). Data was then analyzed using Proteome Discoverer. In total, 6130 proteins were identified using a 1% peptide FDR confidence filter in the 30 samples analyzed. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of proteins across the samples resulted in two primary clusters, OCT and FF. Within the primary clustering, there were sub-clusters of Luminal, Her2, and Triple Negatives. At 2-fold threshold, 246 proteins were differentially expressed between OCT and FF tissues. However, the differential proteins between ER+ (LA and LB) and ER- (Her2 and TN) tumors correlate irrespective of the cryopreservation and processing methods. In conclusion, proteome analysis of samples stored under two different conditions provide subtyping information; however, there is differential expression of proteins between the two types of sample handling techniques which can impact biological interpretation of breast cancer precision oncology studies.
Citation Format: Kiki Panagopoulos, Punit Shah, Albert Kovatich, Michael A. Kiebish, Jeffrey Hooke, Leigh Campbell, Mary Lou Cutler, Audrey Kovatich, Hai Hu, Brenda Deyarmin, Lori Sturtz, Praveen Kumar Raj Kumar, Stella Somiari, Emily Y. Chen, Elder Granger, Viatcheslav Akmaev, Rangaprasad Sarangarajan, Niven Narain, Craig D. Shriver. Proteomic comparative assessment of flash-frozen and OCT embedded breast cancer tissues for utilization in precision oncology discovery studies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5660.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hai Hu
- 6Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine at Windber, Windber, PA
| | - Brenda Deyarmin
- 6Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine at Windber, Windber, PA
| | - Lori Sturtz
- 6Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine at Windber, Windber, PA
| | | | - Stella Somiari
- 6Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine at Windber, Windber, PA
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23
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Stanford KI, Lynes MD, Takahashi H, Baer LA, Arts PJ, May FJ, Lehnig AC, Middelbeek RJW, Richard JJ, So K, Chen EY, Gao F, Narain NR, Distefano G, Shettigar VK, Hirshman MF, Ziolo MT, Kiebish MA, Tseng YH, Coen PM, Goodyear LJ. 12,13-diHOME: An Exercise-Induced Lipokine that Increases Skeletal Muscle Fatty Acid Uptake. Cell Metab 2018; 27:1111-1120.e3. [PMID: 29719226 PMCID: PMC5935136 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Circulating factors released from tissues during exercise have been hypothesized to mediate some of the health benefits of regular physical activity. Lipokines are circulating lipid species that have recently been reported to affect metabolism in response to cold. Here, lipidomics analysis revealed that a bout of moderate-intensity exercise causes a pronounced increase in the circulating lipid 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid (12,13-diHOME) in male, female, young, old, sedentary, and active human subjects. In mice, both a single bout of exercise and exercise training increased circulating 12,13-diHOME and surgical removal of brown adipose tissue (BAT) negated the increase in 12,13-diHOME, suggesting that BAT is the tissue source for exercise-stimulated 12,13-diHOME. Acute 12,13-diHOME treatment of mice in vivo increased skeletal muscle fatty acid uptake and oxidation, but not glucose uptake. These data reveal that lipokines are novel exercise-stimulated circulating factors that may contribute to the metabolic changes that occur with physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Matthew D Lynes
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lisa A Baer
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Peter J Arts
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Francis J May
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Adam C Lehnig
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Roeland J W Middelbeek
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Richard
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kawai So
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Fei Gao
- BERG, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | | | - Giovanna Distefano
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Vikram K Shettigar
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michael F Hirshman
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mark T Ziolo
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Paul M Coen
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Lynes MD, Leiria LO, Lundh M, Bartelt A, Shamsi F, Huang TL, Takahashi H, Hirshman MF, Schlein C, Lee A, Baer LA, May FJ, Gao F, Narain NR, Chen EY, Kiebish MA, Cypess AM, Blüher M, Goodyear LJ, Hotamisligil GS, Stanford KI, Tseng YH. Corrigendum: The cold-induced lipokine 12,13-diHOME promotes fatty acid transport into brown adipose tissue. Nat Med 2017; 23:1384. [PMID: 29117173 DOI: 10.1038/nm1117-1384b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/nm.4297.
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Chen EY, Leonard JBK, Ueda H. The behavioural homing response of adult chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta to amino-acid profiles. J Fish Biol 2017; 90:1257-1264. [PMID: 27873320 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Adult chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta homing behaviour in a two-choice test tank (Y-maze) was monitored using a passive integrated transponder (PIT)-tag system in response to river-specific dissolved free amino-acid (DFAA) profiles and revealed that the majority of O. keta showed a preference for artificial natal-stream water and tended to stay in this maze arm for a longer period; natal-stream water was chosen over a nearby tributary's water, but not when the O. keta were presented with a non-tributary water. The results demonstrate the ability of O. keta to discriminate artificial stream waters containing natural levels of DFAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Chen
- Division of Biosphere Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - J B K Leonard
- Biology Department, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI, 49855, U.S.A
| | - H Ueda
- Division of Biosphere Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresources and Ecosystems, Field Science Center for the Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0809, Japan
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Gao F, McDaniel J, Chen EY, Rockwell HE, Drolet J, Vishnudas VK, Tolstikov V, Sarangarajan R, Narain NR, Kiebish MA. Dynamic and temporal assessment of human dried blood spot MS/MS ALL shotgun lipidomics analysis. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:28. [PMID: 28344632 PMCID: PMC5360027 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Real-time and dynamic assessment of an individual's lipid homeostatic state in blood is complicated due to the need to collect samples in a clinical environment. In the context of precision medicine and population health, tools that facilitate sample collection and empower the individual to participate in the process are necessary to complement advanced bioanalytical analysis. The dried blood spot (DBS) methodology via finger prick or heel prick is a minimally invasive sample collection method that allows the relative ease and low cost of sample collection as well as transport. However, it has yet to be integrated into broad scale personalized lipidomic analysis. Therefore, in this study we report the development of a novel DBS high resolution MS/MSALL lipidomics workflow. METHODS In this report we compared lipidomic analysis of four types of blood sample collection methods (DBS, venous whole blood, serum, and plasma) across several parameters, which include lipidomics coverage of each matrix and the effects of temperature and time on the coverage and stability of different lipid classes and molecular species. The novel DBS-MS/MSALL lipidomics platform developed in this report was then applied to examine postprandial effects on the blood lipidome and further to explore the temporal fluctuation of the lipidome across hours and days. RESULTS More than 1,200 lipid molecular species from a single DBS sample were identified and quantified. The lipidomics profile of the DBS samples is comparable to whole blood matrix. DBS-MS/MSALL lipidomic analysis in postprandial experiments revealed significant alterations in triacylglyceride species. Temporal analysis of the lipidome at various times in the day and across days identified several lipid species that fluctuate as a function of time, and a subset of lipid species were identified to be significantly altered across hours within a day and within successive days of the week. CONCLUSIONS A novel DBS-MS/MSALL lipidomics method has been established for human blood. The feasibility and application of this method demonstrate the potential utility for lipidomics analysis in both healthy and diverse diseases states. This DBS MS-based lipidomics analysis represents a formidable approach for empowering patients and individuals in the era of precision medicine to uncover novel biomarkers and to monitor lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- BERG, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA 01701 USA
| | - Justice McDaniel
- BERG, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA 01701 USA
| | - Emily Y. Chen
- BERG, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA 01701 USA
| | - Hannah E. Rockwell
- BERG, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA 01701 USA
| | - Jeremy Drolet
- BERG, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA 01701 USA
| | - Vivek K. Vishnudas
- BERG, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA 01701 USA
| | - Vladimir Tolstikov
- BERG, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA 01701 USA
| | | | - Niven R. Narain
- BERG, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA 01701 USA
| | - Michael A. Kiebish
- BERG, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA 01701 USA
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Hou H, Khan N, Nagane M, Gohain S, Chen EY, Jarvis LA, Schaner PE, Williams BB, Flood AB, Swartz HM, Kuppusamy P. Skeletal Muscle Oxygenation Measured by EPR Oximetry Using a Highly Sensitive Polymer-Encapsulated Paramagnetic Sensor. Adv Exp Med Biol 2016; 923:351-357. [PMID: 27526163 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-38810-6_46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We have incorporated LiNc-BuO, an oxygen-sensing paramagnetic material, in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which is an oxygen-permeable, biocompatible, and stable polymer. We fabricated implantable and retrievable oxygen-sensing chips (40 % LiNc-BuO in PDMS) using a 20-G Teflon tubing to mold the chips into variable shapes and sizes for in vivo studies in rats. In vitro EPR measurements were used to test the chip's oxygen response. Oxygen induced linear and reproducible line broadening with increasing partial pressure (pO2). The oxygen response was similar to that of bare (unencapsulated) crystals and did not change significantly on sterilization by autoclaving. The chips were implanted in rat femoris muscle and EPR oximetry was performed repeatedly (weekly) for 12 weeks post-implantation. The measurements showed good reliability and reproducibility over the period of testing. These results demonstrated that the new formulation of OxyChip with 40 % LiNc-BuO will enable the applicability of EPR oximetry for long-term measurement of oxygen concentration in tissues and has the potential for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hou
- Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
| | - N Khan
- Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - M Nagane
- Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - S Gohain
- Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - E Y Chen
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - L A Jarvis
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - P E Schaner
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - B B Williams
- Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.,Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - A B Flood
- Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - H M Swartz
- Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.,Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - P Kuppusamy
- Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA. .,Department of Radiology, EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA.
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Chen EY, North CS, Fatunde O, Bernstein I, Salari S, Day B, Jain MK. Knowledge and attitudes about hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and its treatment in HCV mono-infected and HCV/HIV co-infected adults. J Viral Hepat 2013; 20:708-14. [PMID: 24010645 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment is rapidly changing but little is known about patients' attitudes and knowledge about HCV. This study used a cross-sectional survey to examine the relationship between HCV knowledge and attitudes towards HCV in patients with HCV mono-infection and HIV/HCV co-infection. Subsequently, an education intervention was developed with an abridged version of the cross-sectional survey administered before and after the education session to assess changes in knowledge and attitudes. 292 people participated in the cross-sectional survey, and 87 people participated in the education intervention. In the cross-sectional survey, the mean knowledge score regarding HCV was low (<50% of the total possible score). Mono-infected and co-infected individuals shared similar knowledge deficits and attitudes towards HCV despite having distinct demographic differences. Attitudes endorsed by patients included the following: 57% feared the consequences of HCV on their life, 37% felt HCV was not fatal, 27% did not believe they needed HCV medication, 21% felt ashamed of having HCV and 16% felt HCV treatment was not important. Attitudes that reflected indifference and shame towards HCV were associated with lower knowledge scores (HCV knowledge score of 15.1 vs. 17.5, P < 0.01 for indifference and 15.3 vs. 17.2 for shame, P = 0.02). The education intervention improved knowledge scores but did not modify the assessed attitudes. Intervention studies are needed to effectively change attitudes towards HCV infection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Chen
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Thompson VB, Koprich JB, Chen EY, Kordower JH, Terpstra BT, Lipton JW. Prenatal exposure to MDMA alters noradrenergic neurodevelopment in the rat. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2012; 34:206-13. [PMID: 21978916 PMCID: PMC3268906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy) binds with high affinity to the norepinephrine transporter (NET), making the noradrenergic system a potential target during fetal exposure. Recent data indicate that adult rats that had been prenatally exposed to MDMA display persistent deficits in working memory and attention; behaviors consistent with abnormal noradrenergic signaling in the forebrain. The present study was designed to investigate whether prenatal exposure to MDMA from embryonic days 14-20 affects the structure and/or function of the noradrenergic system of the rat on postnatal day 21. Offspring that were prenatally exposed to MDMA exhibited an increase in noradrenergic fiber density in the prelimbic region of the prefrontal cortex and the CA1 region of the hippocampus that was not accompanied by an increase in the number of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus. Direct tissue autoradiography using tritiated nisoxetine demonstrated that while NET binding was not altered in the prelimbic cortex, the dentate gyrus, or the locus coeruleus, it was increased in the CA1, CA2, and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. Basal levels of norepinephrine were increased in the prefrontal cortex and the nucleus accumbens of MDMA-exposed rats, as compared to saline-treated controls. These findings indicate that prenatal exposure to MDMA results in structural changes in the noradrenergic system as well as functional alterations in NE neurotransmission in structures that are critical in attentional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- V B Thompson
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Warner-Schmidt JL, Chen EY, Zhang X, Marshall JJ, Morozov A, Svenningsson P, Greengard P. A role for p11 in the antidepressant action of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Biol Psychiatry 2010; 68:528-35. [PMID: 20591415 PMCID: PMC2929288 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protein p11 (also called S100A10) is downregulated in human and rodent depressive-like states. Considerable experimental evidence also implicates p11 in the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs and electroconvulsive seizures, in part due to its interaction with specific serotonin receptors. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been linked to the therapeutic activity of antidepressants in rodent models and humans. In the current study, we investigated whether BDNF regulates p11 in vitro and in vivo. METHODS We utilized primary neuronal cultures, in vivo analyses of transgenic mice, and behavioral techniques to assess the effects of BDNF on p11. RESULTS Results indicate that BDNF stimulates p11 expression through tropomyosin-related kinase B (trkB) receptors and via the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor-induced changes in p11 in vivo correlate with changes in ligand binding to the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B, the subcellular localization of which is known to be regulated by p11. Behavioral studies demonstrate that p11 knockout mice are insensitive to the antidepressant actions of BDNF. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data demonstrate that p11 levels are regulated by BDNF in vitro and in vivo and that the antidepressant-like effect of BDNF in two well-established behavioral models requires p11. These data support a role for p11 in the antidepressant activity of neurotrophins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Y. Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Xiaoqun Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John J. Marshall
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Alexei Morozov
- Unit on Behavioral Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY,Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Greengard
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
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Chen RY, Sham P, Chen EY, Li T, Cheung EF, Hui TC, Kwok CL, Lieh-Mak F, Zhao JH, Collier D, Murray R. No association between T102C polymorphism of serotonin-2A receptor gene and clinical phenotypes of Chinese schizophrenic patients. Psychiatry Res 2001; 105:175-85. [PMID: 11814537 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-1781(01)00343-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Previous studies have shown an association between the T102C polymorphism of the 5HT2a receptor gene and schizophrenia. However, negative findings have also been reported. One possible explanation for such discrepancy is disease heterogeneity due to the current limitations in the diagnosis of schizophrenia. We conducted a case-control study of the T102C polymorphism with detailed characterisation of the clinical phenotypes to investigate the possible association with schizophrenia not only at the diagnostic level, but also with reference to other clinical phenotypes potentially related to serotonin dysfunction. Four hundred and seventy-one biologically unrelated schizophrenic patients and 523 unrelated healthy controls of Han Chinese descent in Hong Kong were compared for genotypes and allele frequencies of the T102C polymorphism by PCR amplification and restriction analysis. No evidence of association was detected at the diagnostic level and various clinical phenotypes. However, we found a trend association with small effect size between genotype 102T/102C and patients with better verbal fluency and less motor co-ordination soft neurological signs. There is a need for future large-scale studies on the possible associations between genetic polymorphisms and neurocognitive function impairments in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Y Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
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Abboud KA, Nickias PN, Chen EY. [N-[dimethyl(eta5-2,3,4,6-tetramethylindenyl)silyl]cyclobutylamido-kappaN](eta4-1,4-diphenyl-1,3-buta-diene)titanium(II). Acta Crystallogr C 2001; 57:1408-9. [PMID: 11740099 DOI: 10.1107/s010827010101592x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2000] [Accepted: 09/27/2001] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The titanium metal center in the title compound, [Ti(C19H27NSi)(C16H14)], is coordinated in a distorted tetrahedral geometry by a eta5-indenyl ligand, a dimethylsilyl-bridged N-cyclobutylamido ligand and an s-cis-eta4-1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene ligand in a 'prone' pi-fashion, revealing a formal divalent Ti center.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Abboud
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Chen
- University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
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Bolig AD, Chen EY. Reversal of polymerization stereoregulation in anionic polymerization of MMA by chiral metallocene and non-metallocene initiators: a new reaction pathway for metallocene-initiated MMA polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:7943-4. [PMID: 11493083 DOI: 10.1021/ja016188j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A D Bolig
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, USA
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Abstract
Both neurological signs and attention impairments are often found in schizophrenia. This study addresses the extent to which neurological signs are related to sustained attention impairment. We assessed subgroups of neurological signs using the standardised Cambridge Neurological Inventory (CNI). Sustained attention was measured using a monotone counting paradigm. After taking into consideration potential confounds such as age, education level and duration of illness, we explored the correlation between sustained attention and groups of neurological signs, as well as with individual signs. We found that "motor coordination" and "disinhibition" signs were significantly related to sustained attention. The correlation with "sensory integration" just failed to reach significance after correction for multiple comparison. "Dyskinesia", "catatonia", "pyramidal" and "extrapyramidal" subgroups were unrelated to sustained attention. The results support the notion of heterogeneity and diversity in neurological signs (even among soft neurological signs) and argue against the use of a single global measure to embrace all soft neurological signs in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
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Guidetti P, Charles V, Chen EY, Reddy PH, Kordower JH, Whetsell WO, Schwarcz R, Tagle DA. Early degenerative changes in transgenic mice expressing mutant huntingtin involve dendritic abnormalities but no impairment of mitochondrial energy production. Exp Neurol 2001; 169:340-50. [PMID: 11358447 DOI: 10.1006/exnr.2000.7626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial defects, which occur in the brain of late-stage Huntington's disease (HD) patients, have been proposed to underlie the selective neuronal loss in the disease. To shed light on the possible role of mitochondrial energy impairment in the early phases of HD pathophysiology, we carried out Golgi impregnation and quantitative histochemical/biochemical studies in HD full-length cDNA transgenic mice that were symptomatic but had not developed to a stage in which neuronal loss could be documented. Golgi staining showed morphologic abnormalities that included a significant decrease in the number of dendritic spines and a thickening of proximal dendrites in striatal and cortical neurons. In contrast, measurements of mitochondrial electron transport Complexes I-IV did not reveal changes in the striatum and cerebral cortex in these mice. Examination of the neostriatum and cerebral cortex in human presymptomatic and pathological Grade 1 HD cases also showed no change in the activity of mitochondrial Complexes I-IV. These data suggest that dendritic alterations precede irreversible cell loss in HD, and that mitochondrial energy impairment is a consequence, rather than a cause, of early neuropathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Guidetti
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, 49 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Chen EY, Mazure NM, Cooper JA, Giaccia AJ. Hypoxia activates a platelet-derived growth factor receptor/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway that results in glycogen synthase kinase-3 inactivation. Cancer Res 2001; 61:2429-33. [PMID: 11289110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia initiates numerous intracellular signaling pathways important in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and death. In this study, we investigated the pathway that hypoxia uses to activate Akt and inactivate glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), two proteins the functions of which are important in cell survival and energy metabolism. Severe hypoxia (0.01% oxygen) initiated a signaling cascade by inducing the tyrosine phosphorylation of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor within 1 h of treatment and increasing receptor association with the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K). Hypoxia-induced signaling also resulted in PI 3-K-dependent phosphorylation of Akt on Ser-473, a modification of Akt that is important for its activation. This activation of Akt by hypoxia was substantially diminished in cells that possessed mutations in their PDGF receptor-PI 3-K interaction domain. In addition, Akt activation by hypoxia was resistant to treatment with the growth factor receptor poison suramin but was sensitive to treatment with the PI 3-K inhibitor wortmannin. Activation of Akt by hypoxia resulted in the phosphorylation of GSK-3alpha and GSK-3beta at Ser-9 and Ser-21, two well-documented Akt phosphorylation sites, respectively, that are inactivating modifications of each GSK-3 isoform. In support of the phosphorylation data, GSK-3 activity was significantly reduced under hypoxia. In conclusion, we propose that hypoxia activates a growth factor receptor/PI 3-K/Akt cascade that leads to GSK-3 inactivation, a pathway that can impact cell survival, proliferation, and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Clinical Science Research-South, Stanford, California 94305-5152, USA
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Abstract
In the Stroop test, interference occurs in naming the print color of a word when the word is itself the name of another color. Facilitation occurs when the word is the same as the print color. Previous studies on selective attention in schizophrenia using the Stroop interference effects have yielded contradicting results. Constraints included limited sample size and the recruitment of medicated chronic patients. We studied the Stroop interference and facilitation effects in a relatively large sample of first-episode schizophrenic patients (n=56), a substantial proportion of whom were medication-naïve (n=30) at the time of initial testing. We have also carried out longitudinal follow-up assessments when patients reached a clinically stable state, as well as 4months after recovery from the episode. We found that the Stroop interference effect was not increased in first-episode schizophrenic patients, whether medication-naïve or not. This effect did not change over the follow-up period. In addition, we detected an increase in Stroop facilitation effect in medicated schizophrenic patients, but only in the initial assessment soon after they had received medication. After sustained treatment, the increase in facilitation was normalized. These observations supported previous findings of a normal Stroop interference effect amongst schizophrenic patients. The increased facilitation effect for patients in their early phase of treatment (but not later) may represent an acute effect of anti-psychotic medication. Its nature and significance require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Chen EY, Kruper WJ, Roof G, Wilson DR. "Double activation" of constrained geometry and ansa-metallocene group 4 metal dialkyls: synthesis, structure, and olefin polymerization study of mono- and dicationic aluminate complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:745-6. [PMID: 11456593 DOI: 10.1021/ja002654d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Y Chen
- The Dow Chemical Company, Corporate R&D Midland, Michigan 48674, USA.
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Abstract
Insight impairment occurs commonly in psychotic disorders (including mood episodes with psychotic symptoms). The aim of the present study is to measure changes of insight over the course of a psychotic episode and to investigate its relationships with symptoms and neurocognitive functions, as well as psychosocial factors. Insight was assessed at weekly intervals in 80 consecutive inpatients presenting with a psychotic episode by using a Chinese translation of the Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD). The relationships between insight change and other variables were explored. Modest but significant changes in insight were found in both directions with clinical resolution of psychotic symptoms. In particular, insight "declined" as symptoms improved in a number of patients. In addition, changes in insight score correlated with changes in Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) performance. More changes in insight (in either direction) tended to occur in younger patients. These results indicated that adequate control of psychotic symptoms and improvement in neuropsychological functioning might be associated with better insight recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Public attitudes towards mental patients and psychiatric treatment are mostly unfavorable. Mental patients tend to conceal their illness or selectively disclose their treatment histories to someone they trust. AIMS To examine the university students' attitudes towards different information regarding a person labeled as mentally ill. METHODS We designed seven descriptions of a mentally ill person of varying past and current treatment histories and randomly assigned 308 university undergraduates to read one of the descriptions. Subjects rated their willingness to interact with the hypothetical case using a 19-item social distance scale. RESULTS Greater social distance was associated with non-medical field of study, no previous contact with the mentally ill and female gender. Subjects without previous contact with mentally ill individuals kept greater distance from a discharged mental patient receiving psychiatric care than a mental patient who did not require medications nor psychiatric follow-up. In contrast, respondents who had previous contact with the mentally ill were more willing to interact with a discharged mental patient receiving psychiatric care comparing with a person labeled as mentally ill alone and a mental patient who had never been admitted to hospital. CONCLUSIONS Implications of our findings in clinical management and designing stigma-reducing programme are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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43
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Chen EY, Emerich DF, Bartus RT, Kordower JH. B2 bradykinin receptor immunoreactivity in rat brain. J Comp Neurol 2000; 427:1-18. [PMID: 11042588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Bradykinin has long been known to exist in the central nervous system and has been hypothesized to mediate specific functions. Despite an increasing understanding of the functions of bradykinin, little is known about the cell types expressing the bradykinin receptor within the brain. The present investigation employed a monoclonal antibody directed against the 15-amino-acid portion of the C-terminal of the human bradykinin B2 receptor to establish the cellular distribution of bradykinin B2 receptor immunoreactivity in the rat brain. Bradykinin B2 receptor immunoreactivity was ubiquitously and selectively observed in neurons, including those within the olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, basal forebrain, basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebellum, and brainstem nuclei. Bradykinin B2 receptor immunoreactivity was also present in the circumventricular organs including choroid plexus, subfornical organ, median eminence, and area postrema. Double-labeling experiments colocalizing the bradykinin B2 receptor with the neuronal marker NeuN or the astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein revealed that virtually 100% of the bradykinin B2 receptor-immunoreactive positive cells were neurons. The widespread distribution of bradykinin B2 receptor immunoreactivity in neuronal compartments suggests a greater than previously appreciated role for this peptide in neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Chen
- Research Center for Brain Repair and Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Presbyterian Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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44
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurological signs are found to be increased in schizophrenia in cross-sectional studies. Whether they progress with time is an important issue in addressing the course of the illness. METHOD The current study investigated different groups of neurological signs in 43 stable chronic schizophrenic patients over a 3-year period using an operationalized instrument. RESULTS While symptoms and medication have remained largely unchanged in the 3-year period, significant increase in soft neurological signs (SNS) ('motor coordination', 'sensory integration' and 'disinhibition') has been observed. This contrasted with the stability of 'pyramidal', 'extrapyramidal', 'dyskinesia' and 'catatonia' signs. The increase in SNS appears not to be related to age, illness duration, symptoms or medication. CONCLUSION This finding suggests that SNS represent a marker sensitive to a possible late deterioration process in the course of a schizophrenic illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
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45
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Chen EY, Kallwitz E, Leff SE, Cochran EJ, Mufson EJ, Kordower JH, Mandel RJ. Age-related decreases in GTP-cyclohydrolase-I immunoreactive neurons in the monkey and human substantia nigra. J Comp Neurol 2000; 426:534-48. [PMID: 11027397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I (GTPCHI) is a critical enzyme in catecholamine function and is rate limiting for the synthesis of the catecholamine co-factor tetrahydrobiopterin. The present study assessed the distribution of GTPCHI immunoreactivity (-ir) within the monkey and human ventral midbrain and determined whether its expression is altered as a function of age. Light and confocal microscopic analyses revealed that young monkeys and humans displayed GTPCHI-ir within melanin-containing and tyrosine-hydroxylase-ir neurons in primate substantia nigra. Stereological counts revealed that there was a 67.4% reduction in GTPCHI-ir neuronal number, a 63.5% reduction in GTPCHI-ir neuronal density, and a 37.6% reduction in neuronal volume in aged monkeys relative to young cohorts. Similar age-related changes were seen in humans, in whom there were significant reductions in the number of GTPCHI-ir nigral neurons in middle age (58.4%) and aged (81.5%) cases relative to young cohorts. The density of GTPCHI-ir neurons within the nigra was similarly reduced in middle-aged (63.0%) and aged (81.8%) cases. In contrast to monkeys, aged humans did not display shrinkage in the volume of GTPCHI-ir nigral neurons. The presence of numerous melanin-positive, but GTPCHI-ir immunonegative, neurons in the aged monkey and human nigra indicates that these decreases represent an age-related phenotypic downregulation of this enzyme and not a loss of neurons per se. These data indicate that there is a dramatic decrease in GTPCHI-ir in nonhuman primates and humans as a function of age and that loss of this enzyme may be partly responsible for the age-related decrease in dopaminergic tone within nigrostriatal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Chen
- Research Center for Brain Repair and Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Presbyterian Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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46
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Kordower JH, Emborg ME, Bloch J, Ma SY, Chu Y, Leventhal L, McBride J, Chen EY, Palfi S, Roitberg BZ, Brown WD, Holden JE, Pyzalski R, Taylor MD, Carvey P, Ling Z, Trono D, Hantraye P, Déglon N, Aebischer P. Neurodegeneration prevented by lentiviral vector delivery of GDNF in primate models of Parkinson's disease. Science 2000; 290:767-73. [PMID: 11052933 DOI: 10.1126/science.290.5492.767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 903] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Lentiviral delivery of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (lenti-GDNF) was tested for its trophic effects upon degenerating nigrostriatal neurons in nonhuman primate models of Parkinson's disease (PD). We injected lenti-GDNF into the striatum and substantia nigra of nonlesioned aged rhesus monkeys or young adult rhesus monkeys treated 1 week prior with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Extensive GDNF expression with anterograde and retrograde transport was seen in all animals. In aged monkeys, lenti-GDNF augmented dopaminergic function. In MPTP-treated monkeys, lenti-GDNF reversed functional deficits and completely prevented nigrostriatal degeneration. Additionally, lenti-GDNF injections to intact rhesus monkeys revealed long-term gene expression (8 months). In MPTP-treated monkeys, lenti-GDNF treatment reversed motor deficits in a hand-reach task. These data indicate that GDNF delivery using a lentiviral vector system can prevent nigrostriatal degeneration and induce regeneration in primate models of PD and might be a viable therapeutic strategy for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Kordower
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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47
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Abstract
The comparison of the genomes of two very closely related human mucosal pathogens, Mycoplasma genitalium and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, has helped define the essential functions of a self-replicating minimal cell, as well as what constitutes a mycoplasma. Here we report the complete sequence of a more distant phylogenetic relative of those bacteria, Ureaplasma urealyticum (parvum biovar), which is also a mucosal pathogen of humans. It is the third mycoplasma to be sequenced, and has the smallest sequenced prokaryotic genome except for M. genitalium. Although the U. urealyticum genome is similar to the two sequenced mycoplasma genomes, features make this organism unique among mycoplasmas and all bacteria. Almost all ATP synthesis is the result of urea hydrolysis, which generates an energy-producing electrochemical gradient. Some highly conserved eubacterial enzymes appear not to be encoded by U. urealyticum, including the cell-division protein FtsZ, chaperonins GroES and GroEL, and ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase. U. urealyticum has six closely related iron transporters, which apparently arose through gene duplication, suggesting that it has a kind of respiration system not present in other small genome bacteria The genome is only 25.5% G+C in nucleotide content, and the G+C content of individual genes may predict how essential those genes are to ureaplasma survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Glass
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, USA
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48
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Vu TQ, Ling ZD, Ma SY, Robie HC, Tong CW, Chen EY, Lipton JW, Carvey PM. Pramipexole attenuates the dopaminergic cell loss induced by intraventricular 6-hydroxydopamine. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2000; 107:159-76. [PMID: 10847557 DOI: 10.1007/s007020050014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The D3 preferring dopamine agonist pramipexole has been shown to attenuate the cell loss induced by levodopa in vitro. Pramipexole was herein evaluated in the 6-hydroxydopamine lesion model to determine its in vivo effect. Rats were treated with pramipexole or saline before and after an intracerebroventricular 6-hydroxydopamine injection. In the preliminary study, 6-hydroxydopamine produced a 68% reduction in striatal dopamine and a 62% loss in tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (THir) cell counts in the substantia nigra. Pramipexole treated animals exhibited a 29% and a 27% reduction in striatal dopamine and THir cell counts, respectively. THir cell counts and striatal dopamine were significantly correlated. In the stereological study, 6-hydroxydopamine reduced THir cell counts by 47% in saline treated animals and 26% in pramipexole treated animals. These data demonstrate that pramipexole attenuates the biochemical and THir cell changes normally produced by 6-hydroxydopamine consistent with its neuroprotective actions in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Q Vu
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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49
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Abstract
A novel human X-linked gene shows placenta-specific expression and has been named PLAC1. The gene maps 65 kb telomeric to HPRT at Xq26 and has been completely sequenced at the cDNA and genomic levels. The mouse orthologue Plac1 maps to the syntenically equivalent region of the mouse X chromosome. In situ hybridization studies with the antisense mRNA during mouse embryogenesis detect Plac1 expression from 7.5 dpc (days postcoitum) to 14.5 dpc in ectoplacental cone, giant cells, and labyrinthine trophoblasts. The putative human and murine PLAC1 proteins are 60% identical and 77% homologous. Both include a signal peptide and a peptide sequence also found in an interaction domain of the ZP3 (zona pellucida 3) protein. These results make PLAC1 a marker for placental development, with a possible role in the establishment of the mother-fetus interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cocchia
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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50
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Laderoute KR, Alarcon RM, Brody MD, Calaoagan JM, Chen EY, Knapp AM, Yun Z, Denko NC, Giaccia AJ. Opposing effects of hypoxia on expression of the angiogenic inhibitor thrombospondin 1 and the angiogenic inducer vascular endothelial growth factor. Clin Cancer Res 2000; 6:2941-50. [PMID: 10914744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis, the development of new blood vessels during malignant progression, is a regulated process that has both genetic and physiological controls. Physiologically, angiogenesis is stimulated by decreases in tissue oxygenation (i.e., hypoxia). We investigated the effect of hypoxia on the expression of two angiogenic factors reported to be genetically regulated by the p53 tumor suppressor gene: (a) the angiogenic inhibitor thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1); and (b) the angiogenic inducer vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Analysis of rodent cells that differ in their p53 genotype (p53+/+ or p53-/-) indicated that in vitro exposure to hypoxia simultaneously suppressed TSP-1 and induced VEGF expression, regardless of the p53 genotype. On transformation of these cells with E1A and oncogenic H-ras, the basal level of TSP-1 expression was strongly diminished, whereas that of VEGF could still be induced by hypoxia. Consistent with these in vitro findings, sections of tumors derived from the transformed p53+/+ and p53-/- cells showed that VEGF protein overlapped with regions of hypoxia, whereas TSP-1 protein was below the limits of detection in tumor tissue. Using a panel of normal/immortalized and transformed human cells, it was found that the ability of hypoxia to inhibit TSP-1 expression depends on the cell type and/or the degree of transformation. In contrast, VEGF expression was induced by hypoxia in all of the human cell types examined. Together, these findings suggest that hypoxic and oncogenic signals could interact in the tumor microenvironment to inhibit TSP-1 and induce VEGF expression, promoting the switch to the angiogenic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Laderoute
- SRI International, Pharmaceutical Discovery Division, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
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