1
|
Estévez J, Pizarro L, Marsillach J, Furlong C, Sogorb MA, Richter R, Vilanova E. Inhibition with simultaneous spontaneous reactivation and aging of acetylcholinesterase by organophosphorus compounds: Demeton-S-methyl as a model. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 387:110789. [PMID: 37931869 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The kinetic analysis of esterase inhibition by acylating compounds (organophosphorus, carbamates and sulfonylfluorides) sometimes cannot yield consistent results by fitting simple inhibition kinetic models to experimental data of complex systems. In this work kinetic data were obtained for demeton-S-methyl (DSM) with human acetylcholinesterase in two kinds of experiments: (a) time progressive inhibition with a range of concentrations, (b) progressive spontaneous reactivation starting with pre-inhibited enzyme. DSM is an organophosphorus compound used as pesticide and considered a model for studying the dermal exposure of nerve agents such as VX gas. A kinetic model equation was deduced with four different molecular phenomena occurring simultaneously: (1) inhibition; (2) spontaneous reactivation; (3) aging; and (4) ongoing inhibition (inhibition during the substrate reaction). A 3D fit of the model was applied to analyze the inhibition experimental data. The best-fitting model is compatible with a sensitive enzymatic entity. The second-order rate constant of inhibition (ki = 0.0422 μM-1 min-1), the spontaneous reactivation constant (ks = 0.0202 min-1) and the aging constant (kg = 0.0043 min-1) were simultaneously estimated. As an example for testing the model and approach, it was tested also in the presence of 5 % ethanol (conditions as previously used in the literature), the best fitting model is compatible with two apparent sensitive enzymatic entities (17 % and 83 %) and only one spontaneously reactivates and ages. The corresponding second-order rate constants of inhibition (ki = 0.0354 and 0.0119 μM-1 min-1) and the spontaneous reactivation and aging constants for the less sensitive component (kr = 0.0203 min-1 and kg = 0.0088 min-1) were estimated. The results were also consistent with a significant ongoing inhibition. These parameters were similar to those deduced in spontaneous reactivation experiments of the pre-inhibited samples with DSM in the absence or presence of ethanol. The two apparent components fit was interpreted by an equilibrium between ethanol-free and ethanol-bound enzyme. The consistency of results in inhibition and in spontaneous reactivation experiments was considered an internal validation of the methodology and the conclusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Estévez
- Unidad de Toxicología y Seguridad Química, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202, Elche, Alicante, Spain; Department of Medicine (Division of Medical Genetics) and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Luis Pizarro
- Unidad de Toxicología y Seguridad Química, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Judit Marsillach
- Department Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Suite 100, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Clement Furlong
- Department of Medicine (Division of Medical Genetics) and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Miguel A Sogorb
- Unidad de Toxicología y Seguridad Química, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Rebecca Richter
- Department of Medicine (Division of Medical Genetics) and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Eugenio Vilanova
- Unidad de Toxicología y Seguridad Química, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Florez-Vargas O, Vilanova E, Alcaide C, Henao JA, Villarreal-Jaimes CA, Medina-Pérez OM, Rodriguez-Villamizar LA, Idrovo AJ, Sánchez-Rodríguez LH. Geological context and human exposures to element mixtures in mining and agricultural settings in Colombia. Sci Total Environ 2023; 898:165632. [PMID: 37467976 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic and natural sources contribute to chemical mixtures in air, water, and soil, posing potential risks to the environment and human health. To understand the interplay between element profiles in the human body, geographical location, and associated economic activities, we carried out an observational analytic cross-sectional study. The study recruited 199 participants from three municipalities, two of which had gold-mining as their primary economic activity, while the other was dedicated to agricultural and other local activities not related to mining. The concentrations of a total of 30 elements in human hair samples and 21 elements in environmental soil samples were measured using various spectrometry techniques. Unsupervised clustering analysis using Self-Organizing Maps was applied to human hair samples to analyze element concentrations. Distinct clusters of individuals were identified based on their hair element profiles, which were mapped to geographical location and economic activities. While higher levels of heavy metals (Ag, As, Hg, and Pb) were observed in individuals engaged in mining activities in certain clusters, individuals in agricultural areas show higher concentrations of elements found in pesticides (Ba and Sr). However, the elemental composition of hair is influenced not only by the anthropogenic activities but also by the inherent geological context where people live. Our findings highlight the significance of accounting for environmental factors when evaluating human health risks, as the intricate mixture of elements can yield valuable insights for targeted health interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Florez-Vargas
- Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones Ambientales (CEIAM), Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia.
| | - Eugenio Vilanova
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Carolina Alcaide
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - José A Henao
- Grupo de Investigación en Química Estructural (GIQUE), Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680006, Colombia
| | - Carlos A Villarreal-Jaimes
- Grupo de Investigación en Geología Básica y Aplicada (GIGBA), Escuela de Geología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680006, Colombia
| | - Olga M Medina-Pérez
- Grupo de Investigación en Compuestos Orgánicos de Interés Medicinal (CODEIM), Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680006, Colombia; Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 68002, Colombia
| | - Laura A Rodriguez-Villamizar
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Alvaro J Idrovo
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Luz H Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Grupo de Investigación en Compuestos Orgánicos de Interés Medicinal (CODEIM), Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680006, Colombia; Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 68002, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sogorb MA, Candela H, Estévez J, Vilanova E. Investigation of the Effects of Metallic Nanoparticles on Fertility Outcomes and Endocrine Modification of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11687. [PMID: 37511445 PMCID: PMC10380468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a very disruptive twenty-first-century revolution that will allow social and economic welfare to increase although it also involves a significant human exposure to nanoparticles. The aim of the present study was to contribute to the elucidation on whether metallic nanoparticles have a potential to induce fertility impairments. Regulatory studies that observed official OECD guidelines 415, 416 and 422 have failed to detect any fertility alterations caused by nanoparticle exposure. However, the scientific literature provides evidence that some nanoparticles may cause gonad impairments although the actual impact on fertility remains uncertain. This aim of the present study is to revisit the previously published RNAseq studies by analyzing the effects of several nanoparticles on the transcriptome of T98G human glioblastoma cells given that glial cells are known to play a pivotal role in the regulation of gonadotropin releasing hormone neurons. We found evidence that nanoparticles impair the gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor pathway and several related biological process like, among others, the cellular response to follicular stimulating hormone, cellular response to gonadotropin stimulus, cellular response to hormone stimulus, response to steroid hormone, ovulation cycle and response to estradiol. We propose that nanoparticles interfere with the ability of glial cells to regulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons and, subsequently, the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, potentially leading to fertility impairments. To our knowledge, this is the first proposal of a mode of action based on endocrine disruption for explaining the possible effects of nanoparticles on fertility. Whether these finding can be extended to other types of nanoparticles requires further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Sogorb
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Héctor Candela
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Jorge Estévez
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Eugenio Vilanova
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ruiz R, Estevan C, Estévez J, Alcaide C, Sogorb MA, Vilanova E. Reference Values on Children's Hair for 28 Elements (Heavy Metals and Essential Elements) Based on a Pilot Study in a Representative Non-Contaminated Local Area. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098127. [PMID: 37175834 PMCID: PMC10179086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have been published, and laboratories offer services of measuring elements in hair as biomarkers of environmental exposure and/or control of essential elements (trace or macro). These reported values can have only sense if compared with adopted reference values. In this work, we propose provisional reference values based on a pilot child population. The concentrations of 28 elements were measured in children's hair samples. An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in a typical child population in the Mediterranean region void of excessive pollution problems to analyze 419 hair samples of children aged 3-12 years. Children were selected by a simple random method from eight primary education schools in different municipal districts, which included urban, rural and industrial areas. Samples of around 100 mg were washed and acid digested by an optimized procedure. All measures were performed using ICP-MS with Sc, Y and Re as internal standards. The statistical analysis was performed by two approaches: (a) considering all the data and (b) without outliers (second-order atypical data) to compare them with other published studies. The distribution curves in all the elements studied were asymmetric and did not fit the theoretical normality distributions. Therefore, the analysis based on percentiles was more appropriate. In most elements, only slight differences were observed with sex or age, which did not justify proposing separate reference ranges. From the results of this study, provisional reference values are proposed following two criteria: (a) simple application of the table of percentiles built by removing outlier values and (b) values after a detailed analysis case-by-case, considering other data as the distribution profile and other published data of each element. Although the pilot sample was from a limited area, it was carefully selected to be representative of a general non-contaminated population. With this limitation, the proposed reference values might be useful for researchers and physicians until a wider geographical study is available for a large number of elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ruiz
- Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Carmen Estevan
- Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Jorge Estévez
- Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Carolina Alcaide
- Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Miguel A Sogorb
- Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Eugenio Vilanova
- Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rodriguez-Villamizar LA, Medina OM, Flórez-Vargas O, Vilanova E, Idrovo AJ, Araque-Rodriguez SA, Henao JA, Sánchez-Rodríguez LH. Chemical Element Mixtures and Kidney Function in Mining and Non-Mining Settings in Northern Colombia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:ijerph20032321. [PMID: 36767692 PMCID: PMC9914985 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The exposure to chemical mixtures is a problem of concern in developing countries and it is well known that the kidney is the major target organ for toxic elements. This cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the individual and composite mixture effect of a large number of chemical elements on kidney function in gold-mining and surrounding non-mining populations in northeast Colombia. We measured concentrations of 36 chemical elements in hair as indicators of chronic exposure from 199 adult participants. We estimated the effect of exposure to mixtures of chemical elements on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using weighted quantile sum regression (WQS). The WQS index of the mixture was associated with reduced eGFR (Coefficient -2.42; 95%CI: -4.69, -0.16) being Be, Cd, Pb, As, and Mn, the principal contributors of the toxic mixture. Mining activities and Hg concentration were not associated with decreased kidney function. Our results suggest that complex mixtures of chemical elements, mainly heavy metals, act as nephrotoxic in these populations and therefore the analysis of chemical element mixtures is a better approach to identify environmental and occupational chemical risks for kidney damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Rodriguez-Villamizar
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Olga M. Medina
- Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 68002, Colombia
| | - Oscar Flórez-Vargas
- Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 68002, Colombia
| | - Eugenio Vilanova
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Alvaro J. Idrovo
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Santiago A. Araque-Rodriguez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Programa de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga 681003, Colombia
| | - José A. Henao
- Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680006, Colombia
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Estévez J, Terol M, Sogorb MÁ, Vilanova E. Interactions of human acetylcholinesterase with phenyl valerate and acetylthiocholine: Thiocholine as an enhancer of phenyl valerate esterase activity. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 351:109764. [PMID: 34875277 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Phenyl valerate (PV) is a neutral substrate for measuring the PVase activity of neuropathy target esterase (NTE), a key molecular event of organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy. This substrate has been used to discriminate and identify other proteins with esterase activity and potential targets of organophosphorus (OP) binding. A protein with PVase activity in chicken (model for delayed neurotoxicity) was identified as butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Further studies in human BChE suggest that other sites might be involved in PVase activity. From the theoretical docking analysis, other more favorable sites for binding PV related to the Asn289 residue located far from the catalytic site ("PVsite") were deduced.In this paper, we demonstrate that acetylcholinesterase is also able to hydrolyze PV. Robust kinetic studies of interactions between substrates PV and acetylthiocholine (AtCh) were performed. The kinetics did not fit the classic competition models among substrates. While PV interacts as a competitive inhibitor in AChE activity, AtCh at low concentrations enhances PVase activity and inhibits this activity at high concentrations. Kinetic behavior suggests that the potentiation effect is caused by thiocholine released at the active site, where AtCh could act as a Trojan Horse. We conclude that the products released at the active site could play an important role in the hydrolysis reactions of different substrates in biological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Estévez
- Nstitute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernández, Elche (Alicante), Spain.
| | - Marina Terol
- Nstitute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernández, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Sogorb
- Nstitute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernández, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Eugenio Vilanova
- Nstitute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernández, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Estevan C, Vilanova E, Sogorb MA. Case study: risk associated to wearing silver or graphene nanoparticle-coated facemasks for protection against COVID-19. Arch Toxicol 2021; 96:105-119. [PMID: 34786588 PMCID: PMC8594636 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03187-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The world is living a pandemic situation derived from the worldwide spreading of SARS-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-19. Facemasks have proven to be one of the most effective prophylactic measures to avoid the infection that has made that wearing of facemasks has become mandatory in most of the developed countries. Silver and graphene nanoparticles have proven to have antimicrobial properties and are used as coating of these facemasks to increase the effectivity of the textile fibres. In the case of silver nanoparticles, we have estimated that in a real scenario the systemic (internal) exposure derived from wearing these silver nanoparticle facemasks would be between 7.0 × 10–5 and 2.8 × 10–4 mg/kg bw/day. In addition, we estimated conservative systemic no effect levels between 0.075 and 0.01 mg/kg bw/day. Therefore, we estimate that the chronic exposure to silver nanoparticles derived form facemasks wearing is safe. In the case of graphene, we detected important gaps in the database, especially regarding toxicokinetics, which prevents the derivation of a systemic no effect level. Nevertheless, the qualitative approach suggests that the risk of dermal repeated exposure to graphene is very low, or even negligible. We estimated that for both nanomaterials, the risk of skin sensitisation and genotoxicity is also negligible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Estevan
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - Eugenio Vilanova
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - Miguel A Sogorb
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202, Elche, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Estévez J, Pizarro L, Marsillach J, Furlong C, Vilanova E. Interaction of recombinant human acetylcholinesterase with demeton-S-methyl. Toxicol Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(21)00498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
9
|
Arias-Zepeda A, Fuster E, Estévez J, Candela H, A. Sogorb M, Vilanova E. Cell response after exposure of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-oxon on T98G as a model of glial cells. Toxicol Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(21)00549-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
10
|
Monroy-Noyola A, Sogorb MA, Almenares-Lopez D, Vilanova E. DAEH N-terminal sequence of avian serum albumins as catalytic center of Cu (II)-dependent organophosphorus hydrolyzing A-esterase activity. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 345:109524. [PMID: 34022193 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
O-hexyl O-2,5-dichlorophenyl phosphoramidate (HDCP) induces delayed neuropathy. The R (+)-HDCP inhibits and caused the so call "aging reaction" on inhibited-NTE. This enantiomer is not hydrolyzed by Ca(II)-dependent A-esterases in mammal tissues but is hydrolyzed by Cu(II)-dependent chicken serum albumin (CSA). With the aim of identifying HDCP hydrolysis by other vertebrate albumins, we incubated albumin with 400 μM racemic HDCP in the presence of 100 μM copper sulfate. HDCPase activity was assessed by measurement of HDCP with chiral chromatography. Human, sheep, dog, pig, lamprey or cobra serum albumin did not show a significant activity (~10%). Rabbit and bovine albumins hydrolyzed both enantiomers of HDCP (25% and 50% respectively). Turkey serum albumin had more HDCPase activity (~80 μM remaining) than the chicken albumin (~150 μM remaining). No animal albumins other than chicken showed stereoselective hydrolysis. Preincubation of chicken albumin with 1 mM the histidine modifying agents, 100 μM N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and Zn(II), inhibited its Cu(II)-dependent R (+)-HDCPase activity, where as other mM amino acids modifiers had no inhibitory effects. . These results confirm that the stereoselective hydrolysis of (+)-HDCP is a specific A-esterase catalytic property of chicken albumin. The higher HDCPase activity by turkey albumin suggests the amino-terminal sequence of avian albumins (DAEHK) is the active center of this Cu(II)-dependent A-esterase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Monroy-Noyola
- Laboratorio de Neuroprotección, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Miguel Angel Sogorb
- Unidad de Toxicología y Seguridad Química, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Damianys Almenares-Lopez
- Laboratorio de Neuroprotección, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de Morelos, Mexico; División de Ingenierías y Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Popular de La Chontalpa, Heroica Cárdenas, Tabasco, Mexico.
| | - Eugenio Vilanova
- Unidad de Toxicología y Seguridad Química, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fuster E, Candela H, Estévez J, Vilanova E, Sogorb MA. Titanium Dioxide, but Not Zinc Oxide, Nanoparticles Cause Severe Transcriptomic Alterations in T98G Human Glioblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042084. [PMID: 33669859 PMCID: PMC7923231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide are two of the most widely used nanomaterials. We assessed the effects of noncytotoxic doses of both nanomaterials on T98G human glioblastoma cells by omic approaches. Surprisingly, no effects on the transcriptome of T98G cells was detected after exposure to 5 µg/mL of zinc oxide nanoparticles during 72 h. Conversely, the transcriptome of the cells exposed to 20 µg/mL of titanium dioxide nanoparticles during 72 h revealed alterations in lots of biological processes and molecular pathways. Alterations to the transcriptome suggests that exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles might, potentially, compromise the integrity of the blood brain barrier integrity and cause neuroinflammation. The latter issue was further confirmed phenotypically with a proteomic analysis and by recording the release of interleukin 8. Titanium dioxide also caused autophagy, which was demonstrated through the increase in the expression of the autophagy-related 3 and microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha genes. The proteomic analysis revealed that titanium dioxide nanoparticles might have anticancerigen properties by downregulating genes involved in the detoxication of anthracyclines. A risk assessment resulting from titanium dioxide exposure, focusing on the central nervous system as a potential target of toxicity, is necessary.
Collapse
|
12
|
Estévez J, Rodrigues de Souza F, Romo M, Mangas I, Costa Franca TC, Vilanova E. Interactions of human butyrylcholinesterase with phenylvalerate and acetylthiocholine as substrates and inhibitors: kinetic and molecular modeling approaches. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:1281-1296. [PMID: 30877329 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02423-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phenyl valerate (PV) is a substrate for measuring the PVase activity of neuropathy target esterase (NTE), a key molecular event of organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy. A protein with PVase activity in chicken (model for delayed neurotoxicity) was identified as butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Purified human butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE) showed PVase activity with a similar sensitivity to inhibitors as its cholinesterase (ChE) activity. Further kinetic and theoretical molecular simulation studies were performed. The kinetics did not fit classic competition models among substrates. Partially mixed inhibition was the best-fitting model to acetylthiocholine (AtCh) interacting with PVase activity. ChE activity showed substrate activation, and non-competitive inhibition was the best-fitting model to PV interacting with the non-activated enzyme and partial non-competitive inhibition was the best fitted model for PV interacting with the activated enzyme by excess of AtCh. The kinetic results suggest that other sites could be involved in those activities. From the theoretical docking analysis, we deduced other more favorable sites for binding PV related with Asn289 residue, situated far from the catalytic site ("PV-site"). Both substrates acethylcholine (ACh) and PV presented similar docking values in both the PV-site and catalytic site pockets, which explained some of the observed substrate interactions. Molecular dynamic simulations based on the theoretical structure of crystallized hBChE were performed. Molecular modeling studies suggested that PV has a higher potential for non-competitive inhibition, being also able to inhibit the hydrolysis of ACh through interactions with the PV-site. Further theoretical studies also suggested that PV could yet be able to promote competitive inhibition. We concluded that the kinetic and theoretical studies did not fit the simple classic competition among substrates, but were compatible with the interaction with two different binding sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Estévez
- Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernández, Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Felipe Rodrigues de Souza
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Applied to the Chemical and Biological Defense (LMCBD), Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-270, Brazil
| | - María Romo
- Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernández, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Iris Mangas
- Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernández, Elche, Alicante, Spain.,Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Applied to the Chemical and Biological Defense (LMCBD), Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-270, Brazil
| | - Tanos Celmar Costa Franca
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Applied to the Chemical and Biological Defense (LMCBD), Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-270, Brazil.,Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenio Vilanova
- Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernández, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tovar AMF, Vairo BC, Oliveira SNMCG, Glauser BF, Santos GRC, Capillé NV, Piquet AA, Santana PS, Micheli KVA, Pereira MS, Vilanova E, Mourão PAS. Converting the Distinct Heparins Sourced from Bovine or Porcine Mucosa into a Single Anticoagulant Drug. Thromb Haemost 2019; 119:618-632. [PMID: 30791055 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1678663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Unfractionated heparin (UFH) and their low-molecular-weight derivatives are sourced almost exclusively from porcine mucosa (HPI); however, a worldwide introduction of UFH from bovine mucosa (HBI) has been recommended to reinforce the currently unsteady supply chain of heparin products. Although HBI has different chemical composition and about half of the anticoagulant potency of HPI (∼100 and ∼180 international unit [IU]/mg, respectively), they have been employed as interchangeable UFHs in some countries since the 1990s. However, their use as a single drug provoked several bleeding incidents in Brazil, which precipitated the publication of the first monographs exclusive for HBI and HPI by the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. Nevertheless, we succeed in producing with high-resolution anion-exchange chromatography a novel HBI derivative with anticoagulant potency (200 IU/mg), disaccharide composition (enriched in N,6-disulfated α-glucosamine) and safety profile (bleeding and heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia potentials and protamine neutralization) similar to those seen in the gold standard HPI. Therefore, we show that it is possible to equalize the composition and pharmacological characteristics of these distinct UFHs by employing an easily implementable improvement in the HBI manufacturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M F Tovar
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Universitary Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno C Vairo
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Universitary Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stephan-Nicollas M C G Oliveira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Universitary Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bianca F Glauser
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Universitary Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R C Santos
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Universitary Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nina V Capillé
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Universitary Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana A Piquet
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Universitary Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paloma S Santana
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Universitary Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kayene V A Micheli
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Universitary Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana S Pereira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Universitary Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E Vilanova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Universitary Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo A S Mourão
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Universitary Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Estévez J, Benabent M, Selva V, Mangas I, Sogorb MÁ, Del Rio E, Vilanova E. Cholinesterase and phenyl valerate-esterase activities sensitive to organophosphorus compounds in membranes of chicken brain. Toxicology 2018; 410:73-82. [PMID: 30176330 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Some effects of organophosphorus compounds (OPs) esters cannot be explained by action on currently recognized targets acetylcholinesterase or neuropathy target esterase (NTE). In previous studies, in membrane chicken brain fractions, four components (EPα, EPβ, EPγ and EPδ) of phenyl valerate esterase activity (PVase) had been kinetically discriminated combining data of several inhibitors (paraoxon, mipafox, PMSF). EPγ is belonging to NTE. The relationship of PVase components and acetylcholine-hydrolyzing activity (cholinesterase activity) is studied herein. Only EPα PVase activity showed inhibition in the presence of acetylthiocholine, similarly to a non-competitive model. EPα is highly sensitive to mipafox and paraoxon, but is resistant to PMSF, and is spontaneously reactivated when inhibited with paraoxon. In this papers we shows that cholinesterase activities showed inhibition kinetic by PV, which does not fit with a competitive inhibition model when tested for the same experimental conditions used to discriminate the PVase components. Four enzymatic components (CP1, CP2, CP3 and CP4) were discriminated in cholinesterase activity in the membrane fraction according to their sensitivity to irreversible inhibitors mipafox, paraoxon, PMSF and iso-OMPA. Components CP1 and CP2 could be related to EPα as they showed interactions between substrates and similar inhibitory kinetic properties to the tested inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Estévez
- University "Miguel Hernandez", Institute of Bioengineering, Unit of Toxicology, Elche, Spain
| | - Mónica Benabent
- University "Miguel Hernandez", Institute of Bioengineering, Unit of Toxicology, Elche, Spain
| | - Verónica Selva
- University "Miguel Hernandez", Institute of Bioengineering, Unit of Toxicology, Elche, Spain
| | - Iris Mangas
- University "Miguel Hernandez", Institute of Bioengineering, Unit of Toxicology, Elche, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Sogorb
- University "Miguel Hernandez", Institute of Bioengineering, Unit of Toxicology, Elche, Spain
| | - Eva Del Rio
- University "Miguel Hernandez", Institute of Bioengineering, Unit of Toxicology, Elche, Spain
| | - Eugenio Vilanova
- University "Miguel Hernandez", Institute of Bioengineering, Unit of Toxicology, Elche, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Monroy-Noyola A, Sogorb MA, Vilanova E. Albumin, the responsible protein of the Cu2+-dependent hydrolysis of O-hexyl O-2,5-dichlorophenyl phosphoramidate (HDCP) by chicken serum "antagonistic stereoselectivity". Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:523-527. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
16
|
Glauser BF, Santos GRC, Silva JD, Tovar AMF, Pereira MS, Vilanova E, Mourão PAS. Chemical and pharmacological aspects of neutralization of heparins from different animal sources by protamine. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:1789-1799. [PMID: 29968421 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Essentials Bovine (HBI) and porcine (HPI) heparins differ in structure and anticoagulant activity. Protamine-neutralization was evaluated on a variety of physical-chemical methods. HBI requires more protamine than HPI to fully neutralize its anticoagulant activity. Protamine preferentially removes higher-sulfated chains of HBI while HPI is evenly precipitated. SUMMARY Background Protamine neutralization is an essential step for the safe use and inactivation of the unfractionated heparin (UFH) that is widely employed in surgical and non-surgical procedures involving extracorporeal circulation. Objective To compare protamine neutralization of different pharmaceutical-grade UFHs prepared from porcine or bovine intestine (HPI and HBI, respectively). HBI has approximately half the anticoagulant potency of HPI, mostly as consequence of its fraction enriched with N-sulfated α-glucosamine disaccharides. Methods Protamine neutralization of HPI and HBI was evaluated with in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo assays. We also performed in-depth assessments of the complexation of protamine with these distinct UFHs by using nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy. Results HPI and HBI interact similarly with protamine on a mass/mass basis; however, HBI requires more protamine than HPI to have its anticoagulant activity fully neutralized, because of its lower potency, which entails the use of higher doses. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra revealed that HPI precipitates homogeneously with protamine. On the other hand, the low-sulfated fraction of HBI, enriched with N-sulfated α-glucosamine, precipitates at higher concentrations of protamine than the fraction more like HPI, with a preponderance of N,6-disulfated α-glucosamine disaccharides. Finally, mass spectroscopy spectra showed that some of the different peptide components of protamine interact preferentially with the heparins, irrespective of their animal origin. Conclusion Our results have important medical implications, indicating that protamine neutralization of HBI, determined exclusively by point-of-care coagulation assessments, must fail because of its lower-sulfated fraction with reduced anticoagulant activity that could remain in the circulation after the neutralization procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B F Glauser
- Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G R C Santos
- Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Laboratório Brasileiro de Controle de Dopagem, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J D Silva
- Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A M F Tovar
- Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M S Pereira
- Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E Vilanova
- Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P A S Mourão
- Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Faria M, Fuertes I, Prats E, Abad JL, Padrós F, Gomez-Canela C, Casas J, Estevez J, Vilanova E, Piña B, Raldúa D. Analysis of the neurotoxic effects of neuropathic organophosphorus compounds in adult zebrafish. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4844. [PMID: 29555973 PMCID: PMC5859099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22977-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition and aging of neuropathy target esterase (NTE) by exposure to neuropathic organophosphorus compounds (OPs) can result in OP-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN). In the present study we aimed to build a model of OPIDN in adult zebrafish. First, inhibition and aging of zebrafish NTE activity were characterized in the brain by using the prototypic neuropathic compounds cresyl saligenin phosphate (CBDP) and diisopropylphosphorofluoridate (DFP). Our results show that, as in other animal models, zebrafish NTE is inhibited and aged by both neuropathic OPs. Then, a neuropathic concentration inhibiting NTE activity by at least 70% for at least 24 h was selected for each compound to analyze changes in phosphatidylcholines (PCs), lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) and glycerolphosphocholine (GPC) profiles. In spite to the strong inhibition of the NTE activity found for both compounds, only a mild increase in the LPCs level was found after 48 h of the exposure to DFP, and no effect were observed by CBDP. Moreover, histopathological evaluation and motor function outcome analyses failed to find any neurological abnormalities in the exposed fish. Thus, our results strongly suggest that zebrafish is not a suitable species for the development of an experimental model of human OPIDN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Faria
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Fuertes
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Prats
- CID-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Abad
- Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Padrós
- Fish Diseases Diagnostic Service, Facultat de Veterinaria Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08190, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Cristian Gomez-Canela
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Casas
- Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Estevez
- Institute of Bioengineering, University "Miguel Hernandez" of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Eugenio Vilanova
- Institute of Bioengineering, University "Miguel Hernandez" of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Benjamin Piña
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Demetrio Raldúa
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Monroy-Noyola A, Sogorb MA, Díaz-Alejo N, Vilanova E. Copper activation of organophosporus compounds detoxication by chicken serum. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 106:417-423. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
19
|
Vilanova E, Sogorb MA, Estevez J. Editorial. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 259:49-50. [PMID: 27912861 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
20
|
Sogorb MA, Pamies D, Estevan C, Estévez J, Vilanova E. Roles of NTE protein and encoding gene in development and neurodevelopmental toxicity. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 259:352-357. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
21
|
Affiliation(s)
- E. Vilanova
- Department of Neurochemistry, University of Alicante, Apdo. 99, Alicante, Spain
| | - J. Barril
- Department of Neurochemistry, University of Alicante, Apdo. 99, Alicante, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sogorb MA, Fuster E, Del Río E, Estévez J, Vilanova E. Effects of mipafox, paraoxon, chlorpyrifos and its metabolite chlorpyrifos-oxon on the expression of biomarker genes of differentiation in D3 mouse embryonic stem cells. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 259:368-373. [PMID: 27117976 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPS) is an organophosphorus compound (OP) capable of causing well-known cholinergic and delayed syndromes through the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and Neuropathy Target Esterase (NTE), respectively. CPS is also able to induce neurodevelopmental toxicity in animals. NTE is codified by the Pnpla6 gene and plays a central role in differentiation and neurodifferentiation. We tested, in D3 mouse embryonic stem cells under differentiation, the effects of the NTE inhibition by the OPs mipafox, CPS and its main active metabolite chlorpyrifos-oxon (CPO) on the expression of genes Vegfa, Bcl2, Amot, Nes and Jun, previously reported to be under- or overexpressed after Pnpla6 silencing in this same cellular model. Mipafox did not significantly alter the expression of such genes at concentrations that significantly inhibited NTE. However, CPS and CPO at concentrations that caused NTE inhibition at similar levels to mipafox statistically and significantly altered the expression of most of these genes. Paraoxon (another OP with capability to inhibit esterases but not NTE) caused similar effects to CPS and CPO. These findings suggest that the molecular mechanism for the neurodevelopmental toxicity induced by CPS is not based on NTE inhibition, and that other unknown esterases might be potential targets of neurodevelopmental toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Sogorb
- Toxicology and Chemical Safety Unit, Bioengineering Institute, Miguel Hernández University, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202, Elche, Spain.
| | - Encarnación Fuster
- Toxicology and Chemical Safety Unit, Bioengineering Institute, Miguel Hernández University, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - Eva Del Río
- Toxicology and Chemical Safety Unit, Bioengineering Institute, Miguel Hernández University, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - Jorge Estévez
- Toxicology and Chemical Safety Unit, Bioengineering Institute, Miguel Hernández University, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - Eugenio Vilanova
- Toxicology and Chemical Safety Unit, Bioengineering Institute, Miguel Hernández University, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202, Elche, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Marín-Martínez R, Barber X, Cabrera-Vique C, Carbonell-Barrachina ÁA, Vilanova E, García-Hernández VM, Roche E, Garcia-Garcia E. Aluminium, nickel, cadmium and lead in candy products and assessment of daily intake by children in Spain. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B 2016; 9:66-71. [DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2015.1131753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
24
|
Mangas I, Vilanova E, Estévez J, França TCC. Neurotoxic Effects Associated with Current Uses of Organophosphorus Compounds. J BRAZIL CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.5935/0103-5053.20160084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
25
|
Romero AC, Del Río E, Vilanova E, Sogorb MA. Expression of biomarker genes of differentiation in D3 mouse embryonic stem cells after exposure to different embryotoxicant and non-embryotoxicant model chemicals. Data Brief 2015; 5:354-65. [PMID: 26568980 PMCID: PMC4602353 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a necessity to develop in vitro methods for testing embryotoxicity (Romero et al., 2015) [1]. We studied the progress of D3 mouse embryonic stem cells differentiation exposed to model embryotoxicants and non-embryotoxicants chemicals through the expression of biomarker genes. We studied a set of 16 different genes biomarkers of general cellular processes (Cdk1, Myc, Jun, Mixl, Cer and Wnt3), ectoderm formation (Nrcam, Nes, Shh and Pnpla6), mesoderm formation (Mesp1, Vegfa, Myo1e and Hdac7) and endoderm formation (Flk1 and Afp). We offer dose response in order to derive the concentration causing either 50% or 200% of expression of the biomarker gene. These records revealed to be a valuable end-point to predict in vitro the embryotoxicity of chemicals (Romero et al., 2015) [1].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Romero
- Unidad de Toxicología y Seguridad Química, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Eva Del Río
- Unidad de Toxicología y Seguridad Química, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Eugenio Vilanova
- Unidad de Toxicología y Seguridad Química, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Miguel A Sogorb
- Unidad de Toxicología y Seguridad Química, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Romero AC, Del Río E, Vilanova E, Sogorb MA. RNA transcripts for the quantification of differentiation allow marked improvements in the performance of embryonic stem cell test (EST). Toxicol Lett 2015; 238:60-9. [PMID: 26272751 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cell test (EST) is an in vitro validated assay for testing embryotoxicity. The EST needs improvements before being used for regulatory purposes, but also needs technical simplification for use in high throughput screenings. We propose the quantification in alterations of the differentiation of D3 monolayer cells cultures through the expression of biomarker genes in a shorter (5-day) and technically simpler (we use only monolayer cultures) test. We have defined a set of sixteen different genes biomarkers of ectoderm (Nrcam, Nes, Shh and Pnpla6), endoderm formation (Flk1 and Afp), mesoderm formation (Mesp1, Vegfa, Myo1e and Hdac7) and general cellular processes (Cdk1, Myc, Jun, Mixl, Cer and Wnt3). These, together with alterations in the viability of D3 and 3T3 cells and the prediction model of a classic EST, enhance the features of EST determinations to 100% concordance between in vivo-in vitro predictions with a set of seven different chemicals used in the validation of a classic EST. In conclusion, the proposed changes implemented in the classic EST confer it more reliability, speed and technical simplicity, which brings the EST closer to high throughput processes and regulatory purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Romero
- Unidad de Toxicología y Seguridad Química, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Eva Del Río
- Unidad de Toxicología y Seguridad Química, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Eugenio Vilanova
- Unidad de Toxicología y Seguridad Química, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Miguel A Sogorb
- Unidad de Toxicología y Seguridad Química, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Brienen RJW, Phillips OL, Feldpausch TR, Gloor E, Baker TR, Lloyd J, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Monteagudo-Mendoza A, Malhi Y, Lewis SL, Vásquez Martinez R, Alexiades M, Álvarez Dávila E, Alvarez-Loayza P, Andrade A, Aragão LEOC, Araujo-Murakami A, Arets EJMM, Arroyo L, Aymard C GA, Bánki OS, Baraloto C, Barroso J, Bonal D, Boot RGA, Camargo JLC, Castilho CV, Chama V, Chao KJ, Chave J, Comiskey JA, Cornejo Valverde F, da Costa L, de Oliveira EA, Di Fiore A, Erwin TL, Fauset S, Forsthofer M, Galbraith DR, Grahame ES, Groot N, Hérault B, Higuchi N, Honorio Coronado EN, Keeling H, Killeen TJ, Laurance WF, Laurance S, Licona J, Magnussen WE, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Mendoza C, Neill DA, Nogueira EM, Núñez P, Pallqui Camacho NC, Parada A, Pardo-Molina G, Peacock J, Peña-Claros M, Pickavance GC, Pitman NCA, Poorter L, Prieto A, Quesada CA, Ramírez F, Ramírez-Angulo H, Restrepo Z, Roopsind A, Rudas A, Salomão RP, Schwarz M, Silva N, Silva-Espejo JE, Silveira M, Stropp J, Talbot J, ter Steege H, Teran-Aguilar J, Terborgh J, Thomas-Caesar R, Toledo M, Torello-Raventos M, Umetsu RK, van der Heijden GMF, van der Hout P, Guimarães Vieira IC, Vieira SA, Vilanova E, Vos VA, Zagt RJ. Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink. Nature 2015; 519:344-8. [PMID: 25788097 DOI: 10.1038/nature14283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric carbon dioxide records indicate that the land surface has acted as a strong global carbon sink over recent decades, with a substantial fraction of this sink probably located in the tropics, particularly in the Amazon. Nevertheless, it is unclear how the terrestrial carbon sink will evolve as climate and atmospheric composition continue to change. Here we analyse the historical evolution of the biomass dynamics of the Amazon rainforest over three decades using a distributed network of 321 plots. While this analysis confirms that Amazon forests have acted as a long-term net biomass sink, we find a long-term decreasing trend of carbon accumulation. Rates of net increase in above-ground biomass declined by one-third during the past decade compared to the 1990s. This is a consequence of growth rate increases levelling off recently, while biomass mortality persistently increased throughout, leading to a shortening of carbon residence times. Potential drivers for the mortality increase include greater climate variability, and feedbacks of faster growth on mortality, resulting in shortened tree longevity. The observed decline of the Amazon sink diverges markedly from the recent increase in terrestrial carbon uptake at the global scale, and is contrary to expectations based on models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R J W Brienen
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - O L Phillips
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - T R Feldpausch
- 1] School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. [2] Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - E Gloor
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - T R Baker
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - J Lloyd
- 1] Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK. [2] School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, 4870 Queenland, Australia
| | | | - A Monteagudo-Mendoza
- Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Prolongacion Bolognesi Mz.e, Lote 6, Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru
| | - Y Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QK, UK
| | - S L Lewis
- 1] School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. [2] Department of Geography, University College London, Pearson Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - R Vásquez Martinez
- Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Prolongacion Bolognesi Mz.e, Lote 6, Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru
| | - M Alexiades
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, Marlowe Building, University of Kent, Canterbury CT1 3EH, UK
| | - E Álvarez Dávila
- Servicios Ecosistemicos y Cambio Climático, Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Calle 73 no. 51 D-14, C.P. 050010, Medellín, Colombia
| | - P Alvarez-Loayza
- Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University, Box 90381, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - A Andrade
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragment Project (INPA &STRI), C.P. 478, Manaus AM 69011-970, Brazil
| | - L E O C Aragão
- 1] Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK. [2] National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Av. Dos Astronautas, 1758, São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12227-010, Brazil
| | - A Araujo-Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Casilla 2489, Av. Irala 565, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - E J M M Arets
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - L Arroyo
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Casilla 2489, Av. Irala 565, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - G A Aymard C
- UNELLEZ-Guanare, Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT), Mesa de Cavacas, Estado Portuguesa, 3350 Venezuela
| | - O S Bánki
- Biodiversiteit en Ecosysteem Dynamica, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Baraloto
- 1] Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR EcoFoG, Campus Agronomique, 97310 Kourou, French Guiana. [2] International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - J Barroso
- Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus de Cruzeiro do Sul, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - D Bonal
- INRA, UMR 1137 ''Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestiere'' 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - R G A Boot
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - J L C Camargo
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragment Project (INPA &STRI), C.P. 478, Manaus AM 69011-970, Brazil
| | - C V Castilho
- Embrapa Roraima, Caixa Postal 133, Boa Vista, RR, CEP 69301-970, Brazil
| | - V Chama
- Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av. de la Cultura N° 733, Cusco, Peru
| | - K J Chao
- 1] School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. [2] International Master Program of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - J Chave
- Université Paul Sabatier CNRS, UMR 5174 Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Bâtiment 4R1, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - J A Comiskey
- Northeast Region Inventory and Monitoring Program, National Park Service, 120 Chatham Lane, Fredericksburg, Virginia 22405, USA
| | - F Cornejo Valverde
- Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, Peru
| | - L da Costa
- Universidade Federal do Para, Centro de Geociencias, Belem, CEP 66017-970 Para, Brazil
| | - E A de Oliveira
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, CEP 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina MT, Brazil
| | - A Di Fiore
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, SAC Room 5.150, 2201 Speedway Stop C3200, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - T L Erwin
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 187, Washington DC 20013-7012, USA
| | - S Fauset
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - M Forsthofer
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, CEP 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina MT, Brazil
| | - D R Galbraith
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - E S Grahame
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - N Groot
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - B Hérault
- Cirad, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, Campus Agronomique, 97310 Kourou, French Guiana
| | - N Higuchi
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragment Project (INPA &STRI), C.P. 478, Manaus AM 69011-970, Brazil
| | - E N Honorio Coronado
- 1] School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. [2] Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Av. A. José Quiñones km 2.5, Iquitos, Peru
| | - H Keeling
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - T J Killeen
- World Wildlife Fund, 1250 24th Street NW, Washington DC 20037, USA
| | - W F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
| | - S Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
| | - J Licona
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal, C.P. 6201, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
| | - W E Magnussen
- National Institute for Research in Amazonia (INPA), C.P. 478, Manaus, Amazonas, CEP 69011-970, Brazil
| | - B S Marimon
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, CEP 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina MT, Brazil
| | - B H Marimon-Junior
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, CEP 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina MT, Brazil
| | - C Mendoza
- 1] FOMABO, Manejo Forestal en las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia, Sacta, Bolivia. [2] Escuela de Ciencias Forestales (ESFOR), Universidad Mayor de San Simón (UMSS), Sacta, Bolivia
| | - D A Neill
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Facultad de Ingeniería Ambiental, Paso lateral km 2 1/2 via Napo, Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador
| | - E M Nogueira
- National Institute for Research in Amazonia (INPA), C.P. 2223, 69080-971, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - P Núñez
- Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av. de la Cultura N° 733, Cusco, Peru
| | - N C Pallqui Camacho
- Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av. de la Cultura N° 733, Cusco, Peru
| | - A Parada
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Casilla 2489, Av. Irala 565, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - G Pardo-Molina
- Universidad Autonoma del Beni, Campus Universitario, Av. Ejército Nacional, Riberalta, Beni, Bolivia
| | - J Peacock
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - M Peña-Claros
- 1] Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal, C.P. 6201, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. [2] Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - G C Pickavance
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - N C A Pitman
- 1] Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University, Box 90381, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA. [2] The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA
| | - L Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Prieto
- Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
| | - C A Quesada
- National Institute for Research in Amazonia (INPA), C.P. 2223, 69080-971, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - F Ramírez
- Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
| | - H Ramírez-Angulo
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de Los Andes, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Conjunto Forestal, C.P. 5101, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Z Restrepo
- Servicios Ecosistemicos y Cambio Climático, Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Calle 73 no. 51 D-14, C.P. 050010, Medellín, Colombia
| | - A Roopsind
- Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, 77 High Street Kingston, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - A Rudas
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - R P Salomão
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata, 376 - São Braz, CEP 66040-170, Belém PA, Brazil
| | - M Schwarz
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - N Silva
- UFRA, Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501, CEP 66.077-901, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - J E Silva-Espejo
- Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av. de la Cultura N° 733, Cusco, Peru
| | - M Silveira
- Museu Universitário, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco AC 69910-900, Brazil
| | - J Stropp
- European Commission - DG Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Via Enrico Fermi 274, 21010 Ispra, Italy
| | - J Talbot
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - H ter Steege
- 1] Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands. [2] Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Utrecht University, PO Box 80084, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Teran-Aguilar
- Museo de Historia Natural Alcide D'Orbigny, Av. Potosi no 1458, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - J Terborgh
- Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University, Box 90381, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - R Thomas-Caesar
- UFRA, Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501, CEP 66.077-901, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - M Toledo
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal, C.P. 6201, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
| | - M Torello-Raventos
- 1] School of Earth and Environmental Science, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. [2] Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
| | - R K Umetsu
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, CEP 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina MT, Brazil
| | - G M F van der Heijden
- 1] Northumbria University, School of Geography, Ellison Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle NE1 8ST, UK. [2] University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202, USA. [3] Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panamá, Republic of Panama
| | - P van der Hout
- Van der Hout Forestry Consulting, Jan Trooststraat 6, 3078 HP Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I C Guimarães Vieira
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata, 376 - São Braz, CEP 66040-170, Belém PA, Brazil
| | - S A Vieira
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, NEPAM, Rua dos Flamboyants, 155- Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, CEP 13083-867, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Vilanova
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de Los Andes, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Conjunto Forestal, C.P. 5101, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - V A Vos
- 1] Universidad Autonoma del Beni, Campus Universitario, Av. Ejército Nacional, Riberalta, Beni, Bolivia. [2] Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado, regional Norte Amazónico, C/ Nicanor Gonzalo Salvatierra N° 362, Casilla 16, Riberalta, Bolivia
| | - R J Zagt
- Tropenbos International, PO Box 232, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mangas I, Taylor P, Vilanova E, Estévez J, França TCC, Komives E, Radić Z. Resolving pathways of interaction of mipafox and a sarin analog with human acetylcholinesterase by kinetics, mass spectrometry and molecular modeling approaches. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:603-16. [PMID: 25743373 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The hydroxyl oxygen of the catalytic triad serine in the active center of serine hydrolase acetylcholinesterase (AChE) attacks organophosphorus compounds (OPs) at the phosphorus atom to displace the primary leaving group and to form a covalent bond. Inhibited AChE can be reactivated by cleavage of the Ser-phosphorus bond either spontaneously or through a reaction with nucleophilic agents, such as oximes. At the same time, the inhibited AChE adduct can lose part of the molecule by progressive dealkylation over time in a process called aging. Reactivation of the aged enzyme has not yet been demonstrated. Here, our goal was to study oxime reactivation and aging reactions of human AChE inhibited by mipafox or a sarin analog (Flu-MPs, fluorescent methylphosphonate). Progressive reactivation was observed after Flu-MPs inhibition using oxime 2-PAM. However, no reactivation was observed after mipafox inhibition with 2-PAM or the more potent oximes used. A peptide fingerprinted mass spectrometry (MS) method, which clearly distinguished the peptide with the active serine (active center peptide, ACP) of the human AChE adducted with OPs, was developed by MALDI-TOF and MALDI-TOF/TOF. The ACP was detected with a diethyl-phosphorylated adduct after paraoxon inhibition, and with an isopropylmethyl-phosphonylated and a methyl-phosphonylated adduct after Flu-MPs inhibition and subsequent aging. Nevertheless, nonaged nonreactivated complexes were seen after mipafox inhibition and incubation with oximes, where MS data showed an ACP with an NN diisopropyl phosphoryl adduct. The kinetic experiments showed no reactivation of activity. The computational molecular model analysis of the mipafox-inhibited hAChE plots of energy versus distance between the atoms separated by dealkylation showed a high energy demand, thus little aging probability. However, with Flu-MPs and DFP, where aging was observed in our MS data and in previously published crystal structures, the energy demand calculated in modeling was lower and, consequently, aging appeared as a more likely reaction. We document here direct evidence for a phosphorylated hAChE refractory to oxime reactivation, although we observed no aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Mangas
- Unit of Toxicology and Chemical Safety, Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernandez of Elche, Alicante, Spain.
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Applied to the Chemical and Biological Defense, Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - P Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - E Vilanova
- Unit of Toxicology and Chemical Safety, Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernandez of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - J Estévez
- Unit of Toxicology and Chemical Safety, Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernandez of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - T C C França
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Applied to the Chemical and Biological Defense, Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - E Komives
- Department of Chemistry-Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Z Radić
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
An end-point method for cholinesterase determinations is performed. This method is based on stopping the reaction after a fixed reaction time. A large number of samples can be processed for complex kinetic assays. This assay can also be applied for manual, or with, automated workstations. This procedure allows to avoid undesired reactions by DTNB and TNB.
Many cholinesterase assays are performed to study the inhibition of cholinesterase (ChE) activity. Frequently a large number of samples are processed and Ellman's method [1] is the most commonly used [2,3]. Activity is estimated from the increment in absorbance between two reaction times when the reaction is not stopped. Bellino et al. [4] described a method based on Ellman's method whereby the reaction was stopped with SDS and then the absorbance was measured. In these methods, the chromogen reagent 5,5′dithiobis nitro benzoic acid (DTNB) is added with the substrate and colour is monitored. Some authors pointed that the chromogen can alter cholinesterase activity [5].A modification of Bellino's method is proposed for acetylcholine-hydrolyzing activity determinations that is based on stopping the reaction after a fixed substrate reaction time using a mixture of detergent SDS and DTNB. The method may be adapted to the user needs by modifying the enzyme concentration and applied for simultaneously testing many samples in parallel; i.e. for complex experiments of kinetics assays with organophosphate inhibitors in different tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Benabent
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Eugenio Vilanova
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Sogorb
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jorge Estévez
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Vilanova E. The contribution of toxicology to basic biology and molecular and cell biology to the development of in vitro toxicology testing. Toxicol Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
31
|
Pamies D, Sogorb MA, Vilanova E. Human and mouse gene expression pathways of neural embryonic cell differentiation in developmental toxicity. Toxicol Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
32
|
Vilanova E, Estevan C, Fuster E, Del Río E, Sogorb M. Evaluating developmental toxicity using efficient short tests based in molecular approaches during cell differentiation: The example of chlorpyrifos. Toxicol Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
33
|
Estevan C, Fuster E, Del Río E, Pamies D, Vilanova E, Sogorb MA. Organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos and its metabolites alter the expression of biomarker genes of differentiation in D3 mouse embryonic stem cells in a comparable way to other model neurodevelopmental toxicants. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1487-95. [PMID: 25137620 DOI: 10.1021/tx500051k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There are discrepancies about whether chlorpyrifos is able to induce neurodevelopmental toxicity or not. We previously reported alterations in the pattern of expression of biomarker genes of differentiation in D3 mouse embryonic stem cells caused by chlorpyrifos and its metabolites chlorpyrifos-oxon and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol. Now, we reanalyze these data comparing the effects on these genes with those caused in the same genes by retinoic acid, valproic acid, and penicillin-G (model compounds considered as strong, weak, and non-neurodevelopmental toxicants, respectively). We also compare the effects of chlorpyrifos and its metabolites on the cell viability of D3 cells and 3T3 mouse fibroblasts with the effects caused in the same cells by the three model compounds. We conclude that chlorpyrifos and its metabolites act, regarding these end-points, as the weak neurodevelopmental toxicant valproic acid, and consequently, a principle of caution should be applied avoiding occupational exposures in pregnant women. A second independent experiment run with different cellular batches coming from the same clone obtained the same result as the first one.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Estevan
- Unidad de Toxicología y Seguridad Química, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche , Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202-Elche, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Monroy-Noyola A, Trujillo B, Yescas P, Martínez-Salazar F, García-Jiménez S, Ríos C, Vilanova E. Stereospecific hydrolysis of a phosphoramidate used as an OPIDP model by human sera with PON1 192 alloforms. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:1801-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1327-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
35
|
Serrano-Díaz J, Estevan C, Ángel Sogorb M, Carmona M, Alonso GL, Vilanova E. Erratum to “Cytotoxic effect against 3T3 fibroblasts cells of saffron floral bio-residues extracts” [Food Chem. 147 (2013) 55–59]. Food Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
36
|
Benabent M, Vilanova E, Mangas I, Sogorb MÁ, Estévez J. Interaction between substrates suggests a relationship between organophosphorus-sensitive phenylvalerate- and acetylcholine-hydrolyzing activities in chicken brain. Toxicol Lett 2014; 230:132-8. [PMID: 24576786 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OPs) induce neurotoxic disorders through interactions with well-known target esterases, such as acetylcholinesterase and neuropathy target esterase (NTE). However, OPs interact with other esterases of unknown biological function. In soluble chicken brain fractions, three components of enzymatic phenylvalerate esterase activity (PVase) called Eα, Eβ and Eγ, have been kinetically discriminated. These components are studied in this work for the relationship with acetylcholine-hydrolyzing activity. When Eα PVase activity (resistant PVase activity to 1500 μM PMSF for 30 min) was tested with different acetylthiocholine concentrations, inhibition was observed. The best-fitting model to the data was the non-competitive inhibition model (Km=0.12, 0.22 mM, Ki=6.6, 7.6 mM). Resistant acetylthiocholine-hydrolyzing activity to 1500 μM PMSF was inhibited by phenylvalerate showing competitive inhibition (Km=0.09, 0.11 mM; Ki=1.7, 2.2 mM). Eβ PVase activity (resistant PVase activity to 25 μM mipafox for 30 min) was not affected by the presence of acetylthiocholine, while resistant acetylthiocholine-hydrolyzing activity to 25 μM mipafox showed competitive inhibition in the presence of phenylvalerate (Km=0.05, 0.06 mM; Ki=0.44, 0.58 mM). The interactions observed between the substrates of AChE and PVase suggest that part of PVase activity might be a protein with acetylthiocholine-hydrolyzing activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Benabent
- University "Miguel Hernandez", Institute of Bioengineering, Unit of Toxicology, Elche, Spain
| | - Eugenio Vilanova
- University "Miguel Hernandez", Institute of Bioengineering, Unit of Toxicology, Elche, Spain
| | - Iris Mangas
- University "Miguel Hernandez", Institute of Bioengineering, Unit of Toxicology, Elche, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Sogorb
- University "Miguel Hernandez", Institute of Bioengineering, Unit of Toxicology, Elche, Spain
| | - Jorge Estévez
- University "Miguel Hernandez", Institute of Bioengineering, Unit of Toxicology, Elche, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mangas I, Vilanova E, Benabent M, Estévez J. Separating esterase targets of organophosphorus compounds in the brain by preparative chromatography. Toxicol Lett 2014; 225:167-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
38
|
Serrano-Díaz J, Estevan C, Sogorb MÁ, Carmona M, Alonso GL, Vilanova E. Cytotoxic effect against 3T3 fibroblasts cells of saffron floral bio-residues extracts. Food Chem 2013; 147:55-9. [PMID: 24206685 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
For every kilogram of saffron spice produced, about 63 kg of floral bio-residues (FB) (tepals, stamens and styles) are thrown away. Extracts of these bio-residues in water (W1), water:HCl (100:1, v/v) (W2), ethanol (E3), ethanol:HCl (100:1, v/v) (E4), dichloromethane (D5) and hexane (H6) were prepared. Their composition in flavonols and anthocyanins, and their effect on cell viability were determined. W1 was the richest in kaempferol 3-sophoroside (30.34 mg/g dry FB) and delphinidin 3,5-diglucoside (15.98 mg/g dry FB). The highest tested concentration (900 μg/ml) of W1, W2, E4, D5 and H6 did not significantly decrease the cell viability. Only E3 at that concentration caused a significant decrease of 38% in the cell viability. Therefore, all extracts studied are not cytotoxic at concentrations lower than 900 μg/ml, and W1 is proposed as the optimal for food applications due to its greater contribution of phenolic compounds.
Collapse
Key Words
- 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide
- Cell viability
- Crocus sativus L.
- D3,5-diG
- D3-G
- Delphinidin 3,5-diglucoside
- Flower waste
- HCl
- I3,4′-diG
- K
- K3-G
- K3-R
- K3-S
- K3-S-7G
- Kaempferol 3-sophoroside
- M3,5-diG
- MTT
- P3,5-diG
- PBS
- Phenolic composition
- Q3-S
- TAC
- TFA
- TPC
- delphinidin 3,5-diglucoside
- delphinidin 3-glucoside
- hydrochloric acid
- isorhamnetin 3,4′-diglucoside
- kaempferol
- kaempferol 3-glucoside
- kaempferol 3-rutinoside
- kaempferol 3-sophoroside
- kaempferol 3-sophoroside-7-glucoside
- malvidin 3,5-diglucoside
- petunidin 3,5-diglucoside
- phosphate buffered saline
- quercetin 3-sophoroside
- total anthocyanin content
- total phenolic content
- trifluoroacetic acid
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Serrano-Díaz
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, ETSI Agrónomos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain; Department of Food Science, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia University, CIBERobn, ISCIII, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Estevan C, Vilanova E, Sogorb MA. Chlorpyrifos and its metabolites alter gene expression at non-cytotoxic concentrations in D3 mouse embryonic stem cells under in vitro differentiation: considerations for embryotoxic risk assessment. Toxicol Lett 2012; 217:14-22. [PMID: 23220036 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The effects of organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) on development are currently under discussion. CPF and its metabolites, chlorpyrifos-oxon (CPO) and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TClP), were more cytotoxic for D3 mouse embryonic stem cells than for differentiated fibroblasts 3T3 cells. Exposure to 10 μM CPF and TClP and 100 μM CPO for 12 h significantly altered the in vitro expression of biomarkers of differentiation in D3 cells. Similarly, exposure to 20 μM CPF and 25 μM CPO and TClP for 3 days also altered the expression of the biomarkers in the same model. These exposures caused no significant reduction in D3 viability with mild inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and neuropathy target esterase by CPF and severe inhibition by CPO. We conclude that certain in vivo exposure scenarios are possible, which cause inhibition of acetylcholinesterase but without clinical symptoms that reach high enough systemic CPF concentrations able to alter the expression of genes involved in cellular differentiation with potentially hazard effects on development. Conversely, the risk for embryotoxicity by CPO and TClP was very low because the required exposure would induce severe cholinergic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Estevan
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OPs) cause neurotoxic disorders through interactions with well-known target esterases, such as acetylcholinesterase and neuropathy target esterase (NTE). However, the OPs can potentially interact with other esterases of unknown significance. Therefore, identifying, characterizing and elucidating the nature and functional significance of the OP-sensitive pool of esterases in the central and peripheral nervous systems need to be investigated. Kinetic models have been developed and applied by considering multi-enzymatic systems, inhibition, spontaneous reactivation, the chemical hydrolysis of the inhibitor and "ongoing inhibition" (inhibition during the substrate reaction time). These models have been applied to discriminate enzymatic components among the esterases in nerve tissues of adult chicken, this being the experimental model for delayed neuropathy and to identify different modes of interactions between OPs and soluble brain esterases. The covalent interaction with the substrate catalytic site has been demonstrated by time-progressive inhibition during ongoing inhibition. The interaction of sequential exposure to an esterase inhibitor has been tested in brain soluble fraction where exposure to one inhibitor at a non inhibitory concentration has been seen to modify sensitivity to further exposure to others. The effect has been suggested to be caused by interaction with sites other than the inhibition site at the substrate catalytic site. This kind of interaction among esterase inhibitors should be considered to study the potentiation/promotion phenomenon, which is observed when some esterase inhibitors enhance the severity of the OP induced neuropathy if they are dosed after a non neuropathic low dose of a neuropathy inducer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Estévez
- University Miguel Hernandez of Elche, Institute of Bioengineering, Unit of Toxicology and Chemical Safety, Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mangas I, Vilanova E, Estévez J. Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride, a Potentiator of Neuropathy, Alters the Interaction of Organophosphorus Compounds with Soluble Brain Esterases. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:2393-401. [DOI: 10.1021/tx300257p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Mangas
- Unit of Toxicology and Chemical Safety, Institute of
Bioengineering, University “Miguel Hernández” Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Eugenio Vilanova
- Unit of Toxicology and Chemical Safety, Institute of
Bioengineering, University “Miguel Hernández” Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jorge Estévez
- Unit of Toxicology and Chemical Safety, Institute of
Bioengineering, University “Miguel Hernández” Elche, Alicante, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sogorb MA, Romero AC, Pamies D, Estevan C, Vilanova E. Cell differentiation markers as endpoints for in vitro developmental toxicity assays. Toxicol Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
43
|
Mangas I, Vilanova E, Estévez J. NTE and non-NTE esterases in brain membrane: kinetic characterization with organophosphates. Toxicology 2012; 297:17-25. [PMID: 22503708 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Some effects of organophosphorus compounds (OPs) esters cannot be explained by action on currently recognized targets. In this work, we evaluate and characterize the interaction (inhibition, reactivation and "ongoing inhibition") of two model compounds: paraoxon (non-neuropathy-inducer) and mipafox (neuropathy-inducer), with esterases of chicken brain membranes, an animal model, tissue and fractions, where neuropathy target esterase (NTE) was first described and isolated. Four enzymatic components were discriminated. The relative sensitivity of time-progressive inhibition differed for paraoxon and mipafox. The most sensitive component for paraoxon was also the most sensitive component for mipafox (EPα: 4.4-8.3% of activity), with I(50) (30 min) of 15-43 nM with paraoxon and 29 nM with mipafox, and it spontaneously reactivated after inhibition with paraoxon. The second most sensitive component to paraoxon (EPβ: 38.3% of activity) had I(50) (30 min) of 1540 nM, and was practically resistant to mipafox. The third component (EPγ: 38.6-47.6% of activity) was paraoxon-resistant and sensitive to micromolar concentrations of mipafox; this component meets the operational criteria of being NTE (target of organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy). It had I(50) (30 min) of 5.3-6.6 μM with mipafox. The fourth component (EPδ: 9.8-10.7% of activity) was practically resistant to both inhibitors. Two paraoxon-resistant and mipafox-sensitive esterases were found using the sequential assay removing paraoxon, but only one was paraoxon-resistant and mipafox-sensitive according to the assay without removing paraoxon. We demonstrate that this apparent discrepancy, interpreted as reversible NTE inhibition with paraoxon, is the result of spontaneous reactivation after paraoxon inhibition of a non-NTE component. Some of these esterases' sensitivity to OPs suggests that they may play a role in toxicity in low-level exposure to organophosphate compounds or have a protective effect related with spontaneous reactivation. The kinetic characterization of these components will facilitate further studies for isolation and molecular characterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Mangas
- Unidad de Toxicología, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. Universidad s.n. ES-03202, Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Estévez J, Barril J, Vilanova E. Kinetics of inhibition of soluble peripheral nerve esterases by PMSF: a non-stable compound that potentiates the organophosphorus-induced delayed neurotoxicity. Arch Toxicol 2012; 86:767-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
45
|
Estevan C, Ferri F, Sogorb MA, Vilanova E. Characterization and evolution of exposure to volatile organic compounds in the Spanish shoemaking industry over a 5-year period. J Occup Environ Hyg 2012; 9:653-662. [PMID: 23016600 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2012.725012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study measured inhalation exposure to 13 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) among workers in the leatherwear industry in Spain, examined the changes in those exposures over a 5-year period, and documented local exhaust ventilation practices that affected exposure. In collaboration with an occupational risk prevention company, air samples were collected from 849 workers' personal breathing zones using personal air pumps with activated charcoal tubes. VOCs were analyzed using a GC/MS-optimized method modified in our laboratory from that proposed by Spanish authorities (INSHT). Airborne concentrations were compared with occupational exposure limit (OEL) values from the European authorities. The most frequently detected VOCs were acetone (98.1%), toluene (94.8%), n-hexane (71.2%) and other C6-C7 branched alkyl hydrocarbons (97.5%). Other frequently detected VOCs were MEK (64.9%), ethylacetate (60.7%), and cyclohexane (29.3%). Benzene was detected in 24.6% of samples. Although all the samples were taken while workers performed tasks judged to have the highest VOC exposure potential, only 14% of samples showed excessive aggregate exposure, and chemical-specific OELs were exceeded in a relatively small number of cases: 7.2% for n-hexane, 2.8% for toluene, 0.6% for acetone, and 0.4% for hexane isomers. Over the study period, a diminished use of n-hexane in solvent formulations and an increased use of branched hexane and heptane isomers were observed. Six factors relating to work location conditions and types were evaluated. Most high-exposure cases were associated with three task types. The presence of local exhaust ventilation was an important exposure control, but significant exposures despite the use of local exhaust were observed. Although n-hexane exposures significantly decreased over the study period, the overall level of VOC exposure did not decrease. More effective exposure prevention measures need to be implemented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Estevan
- Unidad de Toxicología y Seguridad Química, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mangas I, Vilanova E, Estévez J. Kinetic characterization of organophosphorus compounds in esterases of brain membrane. Toxicol Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
47
|
Mangas I, Vilanova E, Estévez J. Kinetics of the inhibitory interaction of organophosphorus neuropathy inducers and non-inducers in soluble esterases in the avian nervous system. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 256:360-8. [PMID: 21600909 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Some published studies suggest that low level exposure to organophosphorus esters (OPs) may cause neurological and neurobehavioral effects at long term exposure. These effects cannot be explained by action on known targets. In this work, the interactions (inhibition, spontaneous reactivation and "ongoing inhibition") of two model OPs (paraoxon, non neuropathy-inducer, and mipafox, neuropathy-inducer) with the chicken brain soluble esterases were evaluated. The best-fitting kinetic model with both inhibitors was compatible with three enzymatic components. The amplitudes (proportions) of the components detected with mipafox were similar to those obtained with paraoxon. These observations confirm the consistency of the results and the model applied and may be considered an external validation. The most sensitive component (Eα) for paraoxon (11-23% of activity, I(50) (30 min)=9-11 nM) is also the most sensitive for mipafox (I(50) (30 min)=4 nM). This component is spontaneously reactivated after inhibition with paraoxon. The second sensitive component to paraoxon (Eβ, 71-84% of activity; I(50) (30 min)=1216 nM) is practically resistant to mipafox. The third component (Eγ, 5-8% of activity) is paraoxon resistant and has I(50) (30 min) of 3.4 μM with mipafox, similar to NTE (neuropathy target esterase). The role of these esterases remains unknown. Their high sensitivity suggests that they may either play a role in toxicity in low-level long-term exposure of organophosphate compounds or have a protective effect related with the spontaneous reactivation. They will have to be considered in further metabolic and toxicological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Mangas
- Unidad de Toxicología, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. Universidad s.n. ES-03202, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dhaouadi K, Raboudi F, Estevan C, Barrajón E, Vilanova E, Hamdaoui M, Fattouch S. Cell viability effects and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Tunisian date syrup (Rub El Tamer) polyphenolic extracts. J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59:402-406. [PMID: 21155604 DOI: 10.1021/jf103388m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aqueous-acetone polyphenolic extract of the traditionally derived date syrup, known as "Rub El Tamer", was analyzed using RP-HPLC-DAD and ESI-MS. The phenolic content of the extract was 394.53 ± 1.13 mg per 100 g of syrup with caffeoylsinapylquinic acid as the most abundant compound (72.23%). The extract exhibited strong antioxidant activities as evaluated using the ABTS (2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) methods. The extract antimicrobial potential against a range of microorganism strains showed that Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Bacillus cereus were the most sensitive bacteria with MBC in the range of 0.5-0.05 mg/mL. Furthermore, in the presence of the syrup extract (8.18-131 μg/mL), the Human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma and the 3T3 fibroblast cell lines showed dissimilar reduction of viability suggesting a higher cytotoxic effect against tumorigenic cells. Our results provide new insights into date syrup characterization which should stimulate further studies of this hot desert resource.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karima Dhaouadi
- Food Biochemistry, INSAT, University of 7 November at Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Estévez J, García-Pérez A, Barril J, Vilanova E. Inhibition with Spontaneous Reactivation of Carboxyl Esterases by Organophosphorus Compounds: Paraoxon as a Model. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 24:135-43. [DOI: 10.1021/tx100346c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Estévez
- Unidad de Toxicología y Seguridad Química, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Adolfo García-Pérez
- Unidad de Toxicología y Seguridad Química, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - José Barril
- Unidad de Toxicología y Seguridad Química, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Eugenio Vilanova
- Unidad de Toxicología y Seguridad Química, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Estévez J, Barril J, Vilanova E. Inhibition with spontaneous reactivation and the “ongoing inhibition” effect of esterases by biotinylated organophosphorus compounds: S9B as a model. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 187:397-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|