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Kumar S, Fathima E, Khanum F, Malini SS. Significance of the Wnt canonical pathway in radiotoxicity via oxidative stress of electron beam radiation and its molecular control in mice. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 99:459-473. [PMID: 35758974 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2094018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation triggers cell death events through signaling proteins, but the combined mechanism of these events is unexplored The Wnt canonical pathway, on the other hand, is essential for cell regeneration and cell fate determination. AIM The relationship between the Wnt pathway's response to radiation and its role in radiotoxicity is overlooked, even though it is a critical molecular control of the cell. The Wnt pathway has been predicted to have radioprotective properties in some reports, but the overall mechanism is unknown. We intend to investigate how this combined cascade works throughout the radiation process and its significance over radiotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty adult mice were irradiated with electron beam radiation, and 5 served as controls. Mice were sacrificed after 24 h and 30 days of irradiation. We assessed DNA damage studies, oxidative stress parameters, mRNA profiles, protein level (liver, kidney, spleen, and germ cells), sperm viability, and motility. OBSERVATION The mRNA profile helps to understand how the combined cascade of the Wnt pathway and NHEJ work together during radiation to combat oxidative response and cell survival. The quantitative examination of mRNA uncovers unique critical changes in all mRNA levels in all cases, particularly in germ cells. Recuperation was likewise seen in post-30 day's radiation in the liver, spleen, and kidney followed by oxidative stress parameters, however not in germ cells. It proposes that reproductive physiology is exceptionally sensitive to radiation, even at the molecular level. It also suggests the suppression of Lef1/Axin2 could be the main reason for the permanent failure of the sperm function process. Post-irradiation likewise influences the morphology of sperm. The decrease in mRNA levels of Lef1, Axin2, Survivin, Ku70, and XRCC6 levels suggests radiation inhibits the Wnt canonical pathway and failure in DNA repair mechanisms in a coupled manner. An increase in Bax, Bcl2, and caspase3 suggests apoptosis activation followed by the decreased expression of enzymatic antioxidants. CONCLUSION Controlled several interlinked such as the Wnt canonical pathway, NHEJ pathway, and intrinsic apoptotic pathway execute when the whole body is exposed to radiation. These pathways decide the cell fate whether it will survive or will go to apoptosis which may further be used in a study to counterpart and better comprehend medication focus on radiation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Kumar
- Molecular Reproductive and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
| | - Eram Fathima
- Defense Food Research Laboratory, Defense Research Development Organisation, Mysuru, India
| | - Farhath Khanum
- Defense Food Research Laboratory, Defense Research Development Organisation, Mysuru, India
| | - Suttur S Malini
- Molecular Reproductive and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
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Fathima E, Nallamuthu I, Anand T, Naika M, Khanum F. Enhanced cellular uptake, transport and oral bioavailability of optimized folic acid-loaded chitosan nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:596-610. [PMID: 35292282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Folic acid is a synthetic form of folate widely used for food fortification. However, its bioavailability is limited due to its inherent instability at several conditions. Therefore, a suitable encapsulation system is highly required. In the present study, the fabrication condition for folic acid-loaded chitosan nanoparticle (FA-Chi-NP) was optimized and then subjected to characterization. The optimized formulation had the particle size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency of 180 nm, +52 mV, and 90%, respectively. In vitro release profile showed a controlled release of folic acid from the nanoparticles. Treatment of Caco-2 cells with the formulation showed no adverse effects based on MTT and LDH assays, and also, the cellular uptake was significantly higher after 2 h compared to free folic acid. Further, the oral administration of rats with FA-Chi-NPs (1 mg/kg BW) increased the plasma level of both folic acid (3.2-fold) and its metabolites such as tetrahydrofolate (2.3-fold) and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (1.6-fold) significantly compared to free folic acid. In a bio-distribution study, duodenum and jejunum were found to be the primary sites for absorption. These findings suggest that chitosan may be a promising carrier for the delivery of folic acid and, therefore, could be exploited for various food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eram Fathima
- Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory (DRDO-DFRL), Mysore 570011, India
| | - Ilaiyaraja Nallamuthu
- Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory (DRDO-DFRL), Mysore 570011, India
| | - T Anand
- Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory (DRDO-DFRL), Mysore 570011, India.
| | - Mahadeva Naika
- Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory (DRDO-DFRL), Mysore 570011, India
| | - Farhath Khanum
- Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory (DRDO-DFRL), Mysore 570011, India
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Kandikattu HK, Amruta N, Khanum F, Narayana V, Srinivasulu D. A Review on Cyperus rotundus: Ancient Weed to Modern Elixir of Life Phytochemistry and Therapeutic Uses of Cyperus rotundus (Mustaka). PBR 2022. [DOI: 10.18502/pbr.v7i4.9369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Since time immemorial, humans have identified several herbs to treat various ailments. With the advancement of science and state-of-the-art technologies, different herbal extracts and chemical constituents of herbs were identified as therapeutic targets. Cyperus rotundus, also called mustaka, is one of the most ancient herbs widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions across the globe. The tuberous and aerial parts of the herb were identified to possess various pharmacological properties.
Objectives: This review focuses on the various phytocompounds of mustaka and how these compounds exert pharmacological effects and their mode of action. The molecular and cellular effects of mustaka were also discussed based on the preclinical and clinical reports available using an array of in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo methodologies.
Methods: The information from Google Scholar, Science direct, PUBMED, were reviewed with a special focus on the mode of action of C. rotundus from the data on animal and preclinical experiments to treat various diseases.
Conclusion: Based on the literature available on C. rotundus in Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed, the pharmacological properties of mustaka were reviewed with a particular focus on its neuropharmacological activities. The mode of action of C. rotundus and its bioactive metabolites at the molecular biology level were demonstrated based on animal and preclinical experiments to cure various ailments. These diverse effects prove C. rotundus as a valuable traditional medicine for treating various disorders.
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Mohan Manu T, Anand T, Sharath Babu GR, Patil MM, Khanum F. Bacopa monniera extract mitigates isoproterenol-induced cardiac stress via Nrf2/Keap1/NQO1 mediated pathway. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:341-351. [PMID: 31755309 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1683583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of standardised hydroalcoholic extract of Bacopa monniera (BME) against isoproterenol (ISO) induced cardiac stress. Isoproterenol (85 mg/kg body weight) was administered intraperitoneally to induce cardiac stress in rats. Bacopa monniera extract (BME75 and 150 mg/kg) was orally administered for 21 days followed by ISO on 22nd and 23rd experimental days. ISO caused significant cardiac damage, which was concomitant with increased apoptosis and attenuated expressions of Nrf2, HO-1, and regulating apoptotic protein expressions of Bax, Bcl2 and NOS2. Treatment with BME in rats significantly improved cardiac dysfunction by maintaining cardiac rhythm, myocardial integrity. Decreased oxidative stress by restored expressions of Nrf2, NQO1 and HO-1 followed by elevating antioxidant enzymes and total glutathione levels. Our present results suggest that the BME treatment strengthening the endogenous defence system through Nrf2 modulation and played a key role against cardiac oxidative stress induced by ISO in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mohan Manu
- Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysuru, India
| | - T Anand
- Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysuru, India
| | - G R Sharath Babu
- Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysuru, India
| | - Mahantesh M Patil
- Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysuru, India
| | - Farhath Khanum
- Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysuru, India
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Razack S, Kandikattu HK, Amruta N, Khanum F. Neuroprotective Effects of Nardostachys jatamans Against BSO Induced Anxiety via its Antioxidant Machinery and by Elevating Catecholamines and GABA levels in Mice. CTM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083806999201202153612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aims:
In the present study we aimed to investigate neuroprotective effects of Nardostachys
jatamansi against BSO induced anxiety in mice.
Background:
Oxidative stress is implicated in nervous system impairment and development of
anxiety-like disorders. There is an immediate surge for identification of herbal supplements to treat
oxidative stress mediated anxiety and neurodegener-ation.
Objective:
In present study, we analyzed the metabolites present in 70 % ethanolic extract of Nardostachys
jatamansi (NJE) by LC-ESI-MS/MS and RP-HPLC. Oxidative stress was induced using
BSO (300 mg/kg) for 7 days after pretreatment with Nardostachys jatamansi extract (250 mg/kg)
followed by assessing anxiety levels in mice using behavioural indices and biochemical parameters
as well as western blot of two important biomarkers linking oxidative stress with anxiety viz gly-oxalase
1 and glutathione reductase.
Methods:
LC–ESI-MS/MS analysis aided in identification of the major metabolites present in NJE.
RP-HPLC analysis for neurotransmitter content, behavioural tests for anxiety analysis, oxidative
stress markers by biochemical analysis, and west-ern blot analysis for oxidative stress markers
were evaluated.
Result:
LC–ESI-MS/MS analysis aided in identification of the major metabolites present in NJE.
A total of 15 metabolites were identified. RP-HPLC analysis for serotonin and melatonin content
revealed an enriched melatonin content 72.19 ± 1.6 μg/g, however, serotonin could not be detected.
The anxiolytic tests employed showed that BSO-induced oxidative stress for 7 days caused a significant
decrement in time spent in open arm of EPM, in exploratory behavior in OFT and light compartment
of LDB and also in a number of licks and shocks accepted in VCT. NJE further decreased
oxidative stress mediated markers in serum viz cortisol, lipid peroxides and protein carbonyls in
brain and improved the antioxidant status of brain (GPx, GR, GST, SOD, CAT, and ABTS). NJE
also mitigated levels of choline and glutamate in brain. Moreover, NJE in-creased brain GABA and
monoamine levels thereby effectively overcoming the anxiety-like effects of BSO.
Conclusion:
These results clearly suggest that OS mediates anxiety and NJE could be an effective
remedy in treating oxi-dative stress mediated anxiety and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakina Razack
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, Karnataka- 570011, India
| | - Hemanth Kumar Kandikattu
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, Karnataka- 570011, India
| | - Narayanappa Amruta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Farhath Khanum
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, Karnataka- 570011, India
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Kandikattu HK, Amruta N, Khanum F, Narayana V, Srinivasulu D. Phytochemical Composition, Pharmacological Properties, and Therapeutic Applications of Celastrus paniculatus. CTM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083806666200218111155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Humans experience different kinds of stress as a part of the day to day activity.
The manifestation of stress will aggravate based on the physical conditions of individuals
and due to their socio-economic situation of living. Herbal extracts have long been used in
the traditional systems of medicine for the treatment of various ailments because of their potent
antioxidant activity and lesser or no side-effects. Recently, there is a surge of interest
toward the search of natural substances with diverse pharmacological activities, that can
scavenge free radicals and protect cells from oxidative damage and apoptosis because of the
adverse effects associated with the use of conventional medicines. Celastrus paniculatus is
an endangered medicinal plant used for years in the traditional Ayurvedic system of medicine.
The review presents the diverse chemical constituents of C. paniculatus and their
pharmacological actions such as neuroprotective, memory-enhancing, anti-depressant, anxiolytic,
anti-aging, hypolipidemic, anticancerous, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant,
anti-apoptotic, gastroprotective, anti-ulcerative properties at the cellular and molecular level
based on the pre-clinical and clinical reports available. In the present review, we gathered the
information from sources, such as Google Scholar, Science direct, PUBMED, and reviewed
with a special focus on the mode of action of C. paniculatus at molecular biology from the
data on animal and preclinical experiments to cure various ailments. These diverse medicinal
values of C. paniculatus demonstrate its value as traditional medicine as a cure for multiple
maladies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanth Kumar Kandikattu
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Narayanappa Amruta
- Department of Neuroscience, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Farhath Khanum
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore-570011, Karnataka, India
| | - V.V.P.C. Narayana
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Doddaga Srinivasulu
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Ilaiyaraja N, Singsit D, Patil MM, Priyadharshini S, Rashmi V, Khanum F. Motion sickness-relieving effects of Tamzin, a herbal formulation: In vitro and in vivo studies. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Deshetty UM, Tamatam A, Bhattacharjee M, Perumal E, Natarajan G, Khanum F. Ameliorative Effect of Hesperidin Against Motion Sickness by Modulating Histamine and Histamine H1 Receptor Expression. Neurochem Res 2019; 45:371-384. [PMID: 31782104 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02923-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Motion sickness (MS) is the visceral discomfort caused due to contradicting visual and vestibular inputs to the brain leading to nausea and vomiting. Sensory conflict theory which proves histamine elevations as the primary reason for MS provides a path for an effective pharmaco-therapy. We aimed to evaluate the anti-MS effect of hesperidin (HSP) by modulating histamine and histamine receptor H1 (HRH1) expression. The inhibitory effect of HSP on histamine release was studied in KU812 cells treated with 10 µM calcium ionophore. The in vivo anti-MS effect of HSP was evaluated in Balb/c mice. Thirty six mice were divided into six groups namely, normal control (NC, no rotation), hesperidin at 80 mg/kg body weight control (HSP80, no rotation), motion sickness (MS, rotation induced), dimenhydrinate (Standard drug) at 20 mg/kg body weight + rotation (STD + MS), hesperidin at 40 mg/kg body weight + rotation (HSP40 + MS) and hesperidin at 80 mg/kg body weight + rotation (HSP80 + MS). Hypothalamus and brainstem samples were analysed for histamine levels and HRH1 expression by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis. Calcium ionophore treated KU812 cells significantly increased histamine release when compared to control cells. Pre-treatment with HSP inhibited histamine, HRH1 mRNA and protein expression. Histamine, HRH1 mRNA and protein expression in hypothalamus and brainstem samples of MS group increased significantly when compared to the NC group. Pre-treatment with HSP significantly reduced histamine, HRH1 mRNA and protein expression. Thus, indicating that HSP has a potent anti- MS effect by decreasing the elevated levels of histamine, HRH1 mRNA and protein expression in hypothalamus and brainstem regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Maheswari Deshetty
- Nutrition, Biochemistry & Toxicology Division Defence Food Research Laboratory, DRDO-SRF, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, 570011, India
| | - Anand Tamatam
- Nutrition, Biochemistry & Toxicology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, 570011, India.
| | - Monojit Bhattacharjee
- DRDO- Bharathiar University Centre for Life Sciences Bharathiar University Campus, 641046, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ekambaram Perumal
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India
| | - Gopalan Natarajan
- Food Biotechnology Division Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, 570011, India
| | - Farhath Khanum
- Nutrition, Biochemistry & Toxicology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, 570011, India
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T MM, T A, P BK, Fathima A, Khanum F. In-silico therapeutic investigations of arjunic acid and arjungenin as an FXR agonist and validation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Comput Biol Chem 2019; 84:107163. [PMID: 31767507 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2019.107163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study was to illustrate the agonistic property of arjungenin and arjunic acid towards farnesoid X receptor protein (FXR).The pharmacokinetic properties like molecular interactions, absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxicity (ADMET) of the ligands were checked through in-silico studies. Protein-ligand docking was carried out using autodock software. Molecular docking analysis confirmed strong binding energy and interaction of arjungenin and arjunic acid with the target protein and the ADMET profiles identified for both compounds were promising.Further in vitro studies were performed in 3T3-L1 adipocyte to verify the agonistic property of arjungenin and arjunic acid. Oil red O staining was done to check differentiation induction. Adiponectin, leptin, triglycerides and total cholesterol levels were quantified. The mRNA expression of FXR, Cyp7a1, PPAR-γ and SREBP-1c were quantified using fluorescent real-time PCR. Cytotoxicity assay was confirmed that up to 150 μM concentration there is no significant cell death on treatment with arjunic acid and arjungenin. Treatment with arjungenin and arjunic acid confirms increased differentiation of the cells with significant (P < 0.05) increase in adiponectin (118.07% and 132.92%) and leptin (133.52% and 149.74%) protein levels compared to the negative control group. After treatment with arjungenin and arjunic acid in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes the mRNA expression of FXR, PPAR-γ and SREBP-1c were significantly (P < 0.01) increased and cyp7a1 was significantly (P < 0.01) decreased when compared with the negative control group. Overall, our results suggest that arjungenin and arjunic acid acts as an FXR agonist and may be useful for rational therapeutic strategies as a novel drug to treat cholesterol mediated metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Manu T
- Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysuru, 570011, India
| | - Anand T
- Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysuru, 570011, India.
| | - Bhuvanesh Kumar P
- Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysuru, 570011, India
| | - Asra Fathima
- Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysuru, 570011, India
| | - Farhath Khanum
- Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysuru, 570011, India
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Manu TM, Anand T, Pandareesh MD, Kumar PB, Khanum F. Terminalia arjuna extract and arjunic acid mitigate cobalt chloride-induced hypoxia stress-mediated apoptosis in H9c2 cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:1107-1119. [PMID: 31069430 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01654-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Arjunic acid (AA) is one of the major active component of Terminalia arjuna known for its health benefits. In the present study, we evaluated cardioprotective potential of Terminalia arjuna extract (TAE) and AA against cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-induced hypoxia damage and apoptosis in rat cardiomyocytes. TAE (50 μg/ml) and AA (8 μg/ml) significantly (p < 0.001) protected H9c2 cells as evidenced by cell viability assays against CoCl2 (1.2 mM)-induced cytotoxicity. TAE and AA pretreatments protected the cells from oxidative damage by decreasing the generation of free radicals (ROS, hydroperoxide, and nitrite levels). TAE and AA pretreatments retained mitochondrial membrane potential by alleviating the rate of lipid peroxidation induced by CoCl2 treatment. TAE and AA pretreatments elevated antioxidant status including phase II antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) and total glutathione levels against CoCl2-induced oxidative stress. Further immunoblotting studies confirmed anti-apoptotic effects of TAE and AA by alleviating the phosphorylation of JNK and c-jun and also by regulating protein expression levels of Bcl2, Bax, caspase 3, heat shock protein-70, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Overall, our results suggest that both the extract and the active component exhibit antioxidant and anti-apoptotic defense against CoCl2-induced hypoxic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mohan Manu
- Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysuru, 570011, India
| | - T Anand
- Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysuru, 570011, India.
| | - M D Pandareesh
- Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysuru, 570011, India
| | - P Bhuvanesh Kumar
- Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysuru, 570011, India
| | - Farhath Khanum
- Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysuru, 570011, India
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Jayaraman R, Uluvar H, Khanum F, Singh V. Influence of parboiling of red paddy varieties by simple hot soaking on physical, nutrient, phytochemical, antioxidant properties of their dehusked rice and their mineral, starch, and antioxidant's bioaccessibility studies. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12839. [PMID: 31353738 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to know about the effect of simple parboiling on physical properties, proximate composition, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity. These were studied in raw and parboiled paddy varieties as well as bioaccessibility of specific nutrients (minerals, starch, and antioxidants). The pigmented rice paddy varieties such as Jyothi, Meter & Athikaraya were parboiled by hot soaking treatment after soaking for 2, 2½, and 3 hr. Athikaraya rice showed high protein, low ash in raw and parboiled than other varieties. Amylose equivalents of all three varieties exhibited in the range of 24%-27% (d.b). Whereas, the soluble amylose content showed 12.7, 8.7, and 7.7% (d.b) in Athikaraya, Meter and Jyothi rice varieties, respectively. Jyothi rice showed less cooking time and more cooking volume. Athikaraya showed high phenolic content and antioxidant properties compared to other two varieties. The dialysability of minerals, starch, and antioxidants were increased due to simple hot soaking parboiling. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The present study has the significance in assessing the variation among different pigmented rice varieties after parboiling by simple hot soaking with various soaking periods. The industrial advantage of this method is, there is no usage of boiler for cooking the paddy by steam, which was economically better. The information gained by this study might be beneficial for consumers and suppliers regarding the quality of the selected pigmented rice varieties with respect to nutrient composition, antioxidant activities, and bioaccessibility of minerals, starch, and antioxidants. Ultimately, the present study can lead to better appreciation of pigmented rice and assist food processors in selecting rice variety with unique characteristics for specialty food preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarajeswari Jayaraman
- Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology, DRDO-Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India
| | - Hrudya Uluvar
- Department of Studies in Food Science & Nutrition, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
| | - Farhath Khanum
- Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology, DRDO-Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India
| | - Vasudeva Singh
- Department of Studies in Food Science & Nutrition, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
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Razack S, Kandikattu HK, Venuprasad MP, Amruta N, Khanum F, Chuttani K, Mishra AK. Anxiolytic actions of Nardostachys jatamansi via GABA benzodiazepine channel complex mechanism and its biodistribution studies. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:1533-1549. [PMID: 29934858 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0261-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nardostachys jatamansi has profound applications against pharmacological interventions and is categorized as a hypno-sedative drug according to Ayurveda. In the present study probable mechanism of anxiolytic action of Nardostachys jatamansi extract (NJE) was studied using behavioral anxiolytic tests (Elevated plus maze, Open field test, Light dark box test, and Vogel's conflict test) in mice. Mice were treated orally with NJE (250 mg/kg) for 3, 7 and 14 days or diazepam (1 mg/kg) followed by behavioral assessment and estimation of monoamine neurotransmitters, GABA, and antioxidant enzymes. Treatment of mice for 7 days caused an increase in time spent in open arms in elevated plus maze, number of line crossings in open field test, increased time spent in lit compartment of light-dark box test, an increase in number of licks made and shocks accepted in Vogel's conflict test, with results comparable to diazepam and this treatment also caused a significant increase in monoamine neurotransmitters and GABA in brain and tissue antioxidant parameters. Co-treatment of NJE with flumazenil (GABA-benzodiazepine antagonist; 0.5 mg/kg i.p) or picrotoxin (GABAA gated chloride channel blocker; 1 mg/kg i.p) caused a blockage/antagonised anxiolytic actions of NJE by causing a significant reduction in time spent in open arms of elevated plus maze, an decrease in number of line crossing in open field test and also number of shocks and licks accepted in Vogel's conflict test. Further, NJE was radiolabelled with technetium99m at their hydroxyl groups following which purity as well as in vivo and in vitro stability of radiolabelled formulations was evaluated. The blood kinetics and in vivo bio-distribution studies were carried out in rabbits and mice respectively. Labeled formulation was found to be stable in vitro (96 to 93% stability) and in vivo (96 to 92% stability). The labeled compound was cleared rapidly from blood (within 24 h) and accumulated majorly in kidneys (11.65 ± 1.33), liver (6.07 ± 0.94), and blood (4.03 ± 0.63) after 1 h. However, a small amount was observed in brain (0.1 ± 0.02) probably because of its inability to cross blood-brain barrier. These results highlight biodistribution pattern of NJE, and also indicated that a 7-day treatment with NJE produced significant anxiolytic effects in mice and also a significant increase in brain monoamine and GABA neurotransmitter levels and suggests that anxiolytic effects of NJE are primarily and plausibly mediated by activating GABAergic receptor complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakina Razack
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, Karnataka, 570011, India.
| | - Hemanth Kumar Kandikattu
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, Karnataka, 570011, India
| | - M P Venuprasad
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, Karnataka, 570011, India
| | | | - Farhath Khanum
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, Karnataka, 570011, India.
| | - Krishna Chuttani
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brigadier Mazumdar Marg, Timar Pur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Anil Kumar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brigadier Mazumdar Marg, Timar Pur, Delhi, 110054, India
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Rachitha P, Krupashree K, Jayashree G, Kandikattu HK, Amruta N, Gopalan N, Rao M, Khanum F. Chemical composition, antioxidant potential, macromolecule damage and neuroprotective activity of Convolvulus pluricaulis. J Tradit Complement Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.11.002 pmid: 30302329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Bhat PV, Anand T, Mohan Manu T, Khanum F. Restorative effect of l-Dopa treatment against Ochratoxin A induced neurotoxicity. Neurochem Int 2018; 118:252-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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T MM, Anand T, Khanum F. Attenuation of cytotoxicity induced by tBHP in H9C2 cells by Bacopa monniera and Bacoside A. Pathophysiology 2018; 25:143-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Sharath Babu GR, Anand T, Ilaiyaraja N, Khanum F, Gopalan N. Pelargonidin Modulates Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway Gene Expression and Ameliorates Citrinin-Induced Oxidative Stress in HepG2 Cells. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:868. [PMID: 29230174 PMCID: PMC5711834 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pelargonidin chloride (PC) is one of the major anthocyanin found in berries, radish and other natural foods. Many natural chemopreventive compounds have been shown to be potent inducers of phase II detoxification genes and its up-regulation is important for oxidative stress related disorders. In the present study, we investigated the effect of PC in ameliorating citrinin (CTN) induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. The cytotoxicity of CTN was evaluated by treating HepG2 (Human hepatocellular carcinoma) cells with CTN (0–150 μM) in a dose dependent manner for 24 h, and the IC50 was determined to be 96.16 μM. CTN increased lactate dehydrogenase leakage (59%), elevated reactive oxygen species (2.5-fold), depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential as confirmed by JC-1 monomers and arrested cell cycle at G2/M phase. Further, apoptotic and necrotic analysis revealed significant changes followed by DNA damage. To overcome these toxicological effects, PC was pretreated for 2 h followed by CTN exposure for 24 h. Pretreatment with PC resulted in significant increase in cell viability (84.5%), restored membrane integrity, reactive oxygen species level were maintained and cell cycle phases were normal. PC significantly up-regulated the activity of detoxification enzymes: heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), glutathione transferase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and quinone reductase. Nrf2 translocation into the nucleus was also observed by immunocytochemistry analysis. These data demonstrate the protective effect of PC against CTN-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells and up-regulated the activity of detoxification enzyme levels through Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Sharath Babu
- Biochemistry and Nano Sciences Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India
| | - Tamatam Anand
- Biochemistry and Nano Sciences Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India
| | - N Ilaiyaraja
- Biochemistry and Nano Sciences Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India
| | - Farhath Khanum
- Biochemistry and Nano Sciences Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India
| | - N Gopalan
- Food Biotechnology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India
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Jayashree GV, Krupashree K, Rachitha P, Khanum F. Patulin Induced Oxidative Stress Mediated Apoptotic Damage in Mice, and its Modulation by Green Tea Leaves. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2017; 7:127-134. [PMID: 28663677 PMCID: PMC5478942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2017.01.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study demonstrates the antioxidant and hepatic protective effects of Green tea leaves (GTL). METHODS The serum level of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase was analyzed. The liver antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, GSH, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls, ROS content were estimated. The histology of liver tissue was observed and the protein expression of SOD, CAT, Caspase-3 and p53 was investigated by Western blotting. RESULTS Effectiveness of GTL extract in preventing patulin induced liver damage showed significant reduction in serum ALT and AST to 19% and 85% respectively, the increase in antioxidant levels and lipid peroxidation products with patulin treatment were also reduced with GTL supplementation. The patulin induced increase in hepatic protein carbonyls was significantly reduced by 141-111% with 100 and 200 mg/kg b.wt GTL and in ROS was significantly reduced by 171-140% with 100 and 200 mg/kg b.wt GTL administration respectively. Also showed protection against hepatic tissue damage and protein expression in mice. CONCLUSION This study showed remarkable antioxidant and hepatic protective effects of GTL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Farhath Khanum
- Address for correspondence: Farhath Khanum, Department of Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagara, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 011, India. Tel.: +91 821 2473064; fax: +91 821 2473283.Department of Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research LaboratorySiddarthanagara, MysuruKarnataka570 011India
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Rachitha P, Krupashree K, Jayashree GV, Gopalan N, Khanum F. Growth Inhibition and Morphological Alteration of Fusarium sporotrichioides by Mentha piperita Essential Oil. Pharmacognosy Res 2017; 9:74-79. [PMID: 28250658 PMCID: PMC5330108 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.199771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to determine the phytochemical composition, antifungal activity of Mentha piperita essential oil (MPE) against Fusarium sporotrichioides. METHODS The phytochemical composition was conducted by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC MS) analysis and mycelia growth inhibition was determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), the morphological characterization was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the membrane permeability was determined by the release of extracellular constituents, pH, and total lipid content. RESULT In GC MS analysis, 22 metabolites were identified such as menthol, l menthone, pulegone, piperitone, caryophyllene, menthol acetate, etc. The antifungal activity against targeted pathogen, with MIC and MFC 500 μg/mL and 1000 μg/mL, respectively. The MPE altered the morphology of F. sporotrichoides hyphae with the loss of cytoplasm content and contorted the mycelia. The increasing concentration of MPE showed increase in membrane permeability of F. sporotrichoides as evidenced by the release of extracellular constituents and pH with the disruption of cell membrane indicating decrease in lipid content of F. sporotrichoides. CONCLUSION The observed results showed that MPE exhibited promising new antifungal agent against Fusarium sporotrichioides. SUMMARY F. sporotrichioides, filamentous fungi contaminate to corn and corn--based productsF. sporotrichioides mainly responsible for the production of T-2 toxinPhytochemical composition was conducted by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry analysisMentha piperita essential oil (MPE) is commonly known as peppermintThe F. sporotrichioides growth was inhibited by MPE (minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum fungicidal concentration)Morphological observation by scanning electron microscope. Abbreviations Used: Cfu: Colony forming unit; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide, °C: Degree celsius; F. Sporotrichoides: Fusarium sporotrichioides; EOs: Essential oils; M: Molar, g: Gram/gravity, mg: Milligram; μg: Microgram, ml: Milliliter; mm: Millimeter, min: Minutes; M. piperita: Mentha piperita, MIC: Minimum inhibitory concentration; MFC: Minimum fungicidal concentration; MAE: Mentha arvensis essential oil; Na2SO4: Sodium sulfate; pH: Potential Hydrogen; PDB: Potato Dextrose Broth; SEM: Scanning electron microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Rachitha
- Department of Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - K. Krupashree
- Department of Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - G. V. Jayashree
- Department of Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Natarajan Gopalan
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Farhath Khanum
- Department of Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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Bhat PV, Pandareesh, Khanum F, Tamatam A. Cytotoxic Effects of Ochratoxin A in Neuro-2a Cells: Role of Oxidative Stress Evidenced by N-acetylcysteine. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1142. [PMID: 27531992 PMCID: PMC4969303 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin-A (OTA), is toxic secondary metabolite and is found to be a source of vast range of toxic effects like hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity. However, the information available currently regarding neurotoxic effects exerted by OTA is scanty. Hence, the present study was aimed to evaluate the neurotoxic effects of OTA and the possible mechanisms of toxicity as well as the role of cytotoxic oxidative stress on neuronal (Neuro-2a) cell line was evaluated in vitro. Results of the MTT and LDH assay showed that, OTA induced dose-dependent cell death in Neuro-2a cells and EC50 value was determined as 500 nM. OTA induced high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elevated levels of malondialdehyde, also loss of mitochondrial membrane potential was observed in a dose depended manner. Effects of OTA on ROS induced chromosomal DNA damage was assessed by Comet assay and plasmid DNA damage assay in which increase in DNA damage was observed in Neuro-2a cells by increasing the OTA concentration. Further western blotting analysis of OTA treated Neuro-2a cells indicated elevated expression levels of c-Jun, JNK3 and cleaved caspase-3 leading to apoptotic cell death. Other hand realtime-Q-PCR analysis clearly indicates the suppressed expression of neuronal biomarker genes including AChE, BDNF, TH and NOS2. Further N-acetylcysteine (NAC) pretreatment to Neuro-2a cells followed by OTA treatment clearly evidenced that, the significant reversal of toxic effects exerted by OTA on Neuro-2a cells. In the present study, results illustrate that ROS a principle event in oxidative stress was elevated by OTA toxicity in Neuro-2a cells. However, further in vivo, animal studies are in need to conclude the present study reports and the use of NAC as a remedy for OTA induced neuronal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha V Bhat
- Biochemistry and Nano Sciences Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory Mysore, India
| | - Pandareesh
- Biochemistry and Nano Sciences Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory Mysore, India
| | - Farhath Khanum
- Biochemistry and Nano Sciences Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory Mysore, India
| | - Anand Tamatam
- Biochemistry and Nano Sciences Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory Mysore, India
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Juveriya Fathima S, Fathima I, Abhishek V, Khanum F. Phosphatidylcholine, an edible carrier for nanoencapsulation of unstable thiamine. Food Chem 2016; 197:562-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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V. NSKV, H. G. S, Fathima SJ, Radha V, Khanum F. pH and thermosensitive 5-fluorouracil loaded poly(NIPAM-co-AAc) nanogels for cancer therapy. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18034e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop 5-FU loaded pH and thermo-sensitive nanogels that could specifically respond to tumour endosomal pH and extracellular pH, while being dormant to physiological pH at physiological temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shivakumar H. G.
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- JSS College of Pharmacy
- JSS University
- Mysuru
- India
| | - Syeda Juveriya Fathima
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline
- Defence Food Research Laboratory
- Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
- Mysuru
- India
| | - Vegesna Radha
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Farhath Khanum
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline
- Defence Food Research Laboratory
- Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
- Mysuru
- India
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Kandikattu HK, Rachitha P, Krupashree K, Jayashree GV, Abhishek V, Khanum F. LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of total oligomeric flavonoid fraction of Cyperus rotundus and its antioxidant, macromolecule damage protective and antihemolytic effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:165-73. [PMID: 26319439 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present investigation, we identified the phytochemical constituents of total oligomeric flavonoid fraction (TOF) of Cyperus rotundus by LC-ESI-MS/MS and also demonstrated its antihemolytic effects against 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) induced hemolysis of rat erythrocytes. Our results of TOF extract exhibited DPPH, metal chelating, ABTS, NO and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities with an IC50 values of 23.72±1.6, 52.45±2.88, 9.8±0.42, 6.5±0.33 and 120±6.83μg/ml respectively, whereas total antioxidant and reducing power activities were 194±12.5μg GAE/mg extract and 145±8.3μg AAE/mg extract. The extract showed potent inhibitory activity against AAPH induced plasmid DNA damage, protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation. The TOF extract mitigates AAPH induced hemolysis and exhibits ∼50% antihemolytic activity. TOF pretreatment also preserved morphology of erythrocytes as observed and measured by light microscope and atomic force microscope analysis. Furthermore, the TOF fraction effectively inhibited AAPH induced LDH release, ROS generation and lipid peroxidation. Taken together, our data demonstrate the antihemolytic activity of C. rotundus against AAPH induced oxidative stress of erythrocytes, and was associated with the decrease in oxidative stress, cellular damage and protection of macromolecules. In conclusion, the effects might be correlated with high content of flavonoids and polyphenols identified in C. rotundus. This suggests the clinical application of TOF fraction of C. rotundus against ROS induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanth Kumar Kandikattu
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore 570011, Karnataka, India
| | - P Rachitha
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore 570011, Karnataka, India
| | - K Krupashree
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore 570011, Karnataka, India
| | - G V Jayashree
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore 570011, Karnataka, India
| | - Virat Abhishek
- Food Engineering and Packaging Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore 570011, Karnataka, India
| | - Farhath Khanum
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore 570011, Karnataka, India.
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Nallamuthu I, Devi A, Khanum F. Chlorogenic acid loaded chitosan nanoparticles with sustained release property, retained antioxidant activity and enhanced bioavailability. Asian J Pharm Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Selvamuthukumaran M, Khanum F. Effect of Modified Atmospheric Packaging on Physicochemical, Sensory and Microbiological Properties of Spray-Dried Seabuckthorn Fruit Juice Powder Stored in Metallized Polyester Pouch at Room Temperature. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Farhath Khanum
- Biochemistry & Nutrition Division; Defence Food Research Laboratory; Siddartha Nagar Mysore 570 011 Karnataka India
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Jayashree GV, Rachitha P, Krupashree K, Kumar KH, Khanum F. Antioxidant and DNA Damage Protective Effects of Asparagus racemosus in Human Colon and Mice Muscle Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5530/pj.2015.3.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Razack S, Kumar KH, Nallamuthu I, Naika M, Khanum F. Antioxidant, Biomolecule Oxidation Protective Activities of Nardostachys jatamansi DC and Its Phytochemical Analysis by RP-HPLC and GC-MS. Antioxidants (Basel) 2015; 4:185-203. [PMID: 26785345 PMCID: PMC4665568 DOI: 10.3390/antiox4010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed at analyzing the metabolite profile of Nardostachys jatamansi using RP-HPLC, GC-MS and also its antioxidant, biomolecule protective and cytoprotective properties. The 70% ethanolic extract of Nardostachys jatamansi (NJE) showed the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids (gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, homovanillin, epicatechin, rutin hydrate and quercetin-3-rhamnoside) analyzed by RP-HPLC, whereas hexane extract revealed an array of metabolites (fatty acids, sesquiterpenes, alkane hydrocarbons and esters) by GC-MS analysis. The antioxidant assays showed the enhanced potency of NJE with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 222.22 ± 7.4 μg/mL for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 13.90 ± 0.5 μg/mL for 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 113.81 ± 4.2 μg/mL for superoxide, 948 ± 21.1 μg/mL for metal chelating and 12.3 ± 0.43 mg FeSO₄ equivalent/g of extract for ferric reducing antioxidant power assays and was more potent than hexane extract. NJE effectively inhibited 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidation of biomolecules analyzed by pBR322 plasmid DNA damage, protein oxidation of bovine serum albumin and lipid peroxidation assays. The observed effects might be due to the high content of polyphenols, 53.06 ± 2.2 mg gallic acid equivalents/g, and flavonoids, 25.303 ± 0.9 mg catechin equivalents/g, of NJE compared to the hexane fraction. Additionally, the extract abrogated the protein, carbonyl, and ROS formation, and NJE showed cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells above 75 μg/mL. Thus, the study suggests that the herb unequivocally is a potential source of antioxidants and could aid in alleviating oxidative stress-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakina Razack
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore-570011, India.
| | | | - Ilaiyaraja Nallamuthu
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore-570011, India.
| | - Mahadeva Naika
- Applied Nutrition Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore-570011, India.
| | - Farhath Khanum
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore-570011, India.
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Selvamuthukumaran M, Khanum F. Optimization of seabuckthorn fruit yogurt formulation using response surface methodology. J Food Sci Technol 2015; 52:831-9. [PMID: 25694691 PMCID: PMC4325026 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-1070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The response surface methodology was used to optimize the formulation of seabuckthorn fruit yogurt. The independent variables were proportions of seabuckthorn fruit syrup and skimmed milk powder. The responses were counts of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus, taste and viscosity of the product. Statistical analysis revealed that fruit syrup and skimmed milk powder significantly affected all the responses. Contour plots for each response were used to generate an optimum area by superimposition. Optimum formulation conditions of fruit syrup (15 %) and skimmed milk powder (12.5 %) are recommended for the blend formulation yielding an acceptable and good quality seabuckthorn fruit yogurt. Model validation was conducted using separate experiments at optimum conditions. The experimental values were found to be in close agreement to the predicted values and were within the acceptable limits indicating the suitability of the model in predicting quality attributes of seabuckthorn fruit yogurt. The resultant product also exhibited more amounts of fat, protein, carbohydrate and antioxidants viz., vitamin C, E, carotenoids, phenols and anthocyanins when compared to a commercial one.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farhath Khanum
- Biochemistry & Nutrition Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddartha Nagar, Mysore, 570 011 Karnataka India
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Anand T, Prakash KB, Pandareesh MD, Khanum F. Development of bacoside enriched date syrup juice and its evaluation for physical endurance. J Food Sci Technol 2014; 51:4026-32. [PMID: 25477676 PMCID: PMC4252464 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-0955-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Bacoside rich juice (BRJ) was developed using date syrup as base. BRJ was evaluated for physicochemical, sensory attributes and its effect on physical endurance. Overall acceptability of BRJ and date syrup juice (DSJ) was good according to hedonic scale/ratings. Twenty four adult male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 6). Sedentary (Group I) and control (Group II) group rats were allowed to drink water whereas DSJ and BRJ group rats were provided free access to drink DSJ (Group III) and BRJ (Group IV) for 14 days and were subjected to weight-loaded forced swim test (WFST) for every alternate day in order to evaluate the physical endurance. Both BRJ and DSJ group rats swimming efficiency was improved by 3 and 2 folds respectively in comparison with control group on day- 15. Improved physical endurance in BRJ group is due to reduced malondialdehyde levels in brain, liver and muscle tissues by 16.50 %, 17.88 % and 30.20 %, respectively, compared to DSJ group (p < 0.01). In addition, administration of BRJ significantly protected the hepatic and muscle glycogen levels and reduced the levels of lactic acid in comparison to DSJ group. Hence, the present study clearly indicates that BRJ is an effective anti-fatigue drink ameliorates the various impairments associated with physical endurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Anand
- />Biochemistry & Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, 570011 India
| | - K. Bhanu Prakash
- />Department of Food Science and Technology, GITAM Institute of Science, GITAM University, Vishakapatnam, 530045 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - M. D. Pandareesh
- />Biochemistry & Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, 570011 India
| | - Farhath Khanum
- />Biochemistry & Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, 570011 India
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Sameen A, Fathima SJ, Ramlal S, Kumar S, Khanum F. Nanopackaging of Silver using Spice Extract and their Characterization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/star.v3i3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kumar KH, Venuprasad MP, Jayashree GV, Rachitha P, Krupashree K, Pal A, Khanum F. Celastrus paniculatus Willd. mitigates t-BHP induced oxidative and apoptotic damage in C2C12 murine muscle cells. Cytotechnology 2014; 67:955-67. [PMID: 25118832 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9733-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification, exploration and scientific validation of antioxidant rich herbal extracts to mitigate the radical induced cell damage provide new insights in the field of ayurvedic research/therapies. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic potential of Celastrus paniculatus seed extract (CPSE) against tertiary butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) induced mice muscle cell damage. The extract at a dose of 50 µg/ml protected the cells up to 70 % as evidenced by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide cell survival assay and also prevented LDH leakage against t-BHP induced cytotoxicity. CPSE showed potential antioxidant activity by restoring mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibited reactive oxygen species generation and lipid peroxidation. CPSE pretreatment also regulated the antioxidant markers such as superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes content and proteins expression. Further CPSE showed anti-apoptotic effects by regulating cytochrome-C and heat shock protein-70 expression and also showed 43 % muscle cell DNA damage inhibitory activity against t-BHP challenge as observed by single cell gel electrophoresis assay. Overall the extract inhibits the muscle cell damage, thus explaining the possible anti-oxidant/anti-apoptotic defense status of the C. paniculatus seed extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandikattu Hemanth Kumar
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, 570011, Karnataka, India
| | - M P Venuprasad
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, 570011, Karnataka, India
| | - G V Jayashree
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, 570011, Karnataka, India
| | - P Rachitha
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, 570011, Karnataka, India
| | - K Krupashree
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, 570011, Karnataka, India
| | - Ajay Pal
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, 570011, Karnataka, India
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Farhath Khanum
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, 570011, Karnataka, India.
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Abstract
Guggulsterone or guggulipid is a steroidal constituent present in the neutral fraction of gum resin of Commiphora mukul, commonly known as guggul. The traditional uses of guggul-resin extract are well documented in the Ayurveda-where it is prescribed to treat a variety of ailments including lipid-related disorders such as obesity and arteriosclerosis. The hypolipidemic activity of the extracts known since ancient times can be traced to the two closely related steroidal ketones, E-guggulsterone and Z-guggulsterone. In this study, we have investigated the dose dependent (100, 200, 400 mg/kg body weight) effect of guggulsterones on appetite regulating hormones [ghrelin, leptin, cholecystokinin (CCK)] and neurotransmitters (serotonin and dopamine), which play a major role in the energy homeostasis and thus influence obesity related factors. We have also studied its effect on food intake, body weight and plasma triglycerides and glucose in rats. Guggulsterones at the dose of 400 mg/kg body weight was able to significantly reduce food intake and limit body weight gain over a period of 15 days. It also significantly decreased the plasma ghrelin, glucose, triglyceride levels and increased plasma leptin, serotonin, dopamine levels, but did not show much effect on CCK levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Mithila
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory (DFRL) , Siddhartanagar, Mysore , India
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Nallamuthu I, Tamatam A, Khanum F. Effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Aegle marmelos fruit on radical scavenging activity and exercise-endurance capacity in mice. Pharm Biol 2014; 52:551-559. [PMID: 24707972 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.850518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Aegle marmelos L. Corr (Rutaceae) is an important Indian Ayurvedic medicinal plant used for the treatment of various ailments. However, little information is available on the anti-fatigue properties of its fruit. OBJECTIVE Evaluation of the physical endurance and exercise-induced oxidative stress modulating properties of A. marmelos fruit in mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS Radical scavenging activity of the fruit hydroalcoholic extract was evaluated using in vitro systems. The extract was further evaluated for its endurance-enhancing properties at three oral doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.wt) in BALB/c mice for 21 d using a swimming test. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The extract exhibited significant scavenging activity against DPPH (IC₅₀, 351 ± 37 µg/ml) and ABTS radicals (IC₅₀, 228 ± 25 µg/ml), respectively, with the polyphenol content of 95 µg/mg extract. It also inhibited AAPH radical-induced oxidation of biomolecules such as BSA protein (63%), plasmid DNA (81%) and lipids (80.5%). Administration of extract resulted in an increase in the duration of swimming time to exhaustion by 23.4 and 47.5% for medium and higher doses, respectively. The extract significantly normalized the fatigue-related biochemical parameters and also down-regulated the swim stress-induced over-expression of heat shock protein-70 and up-regulated the skeletal muscle metabolic regulators (GLUT-4 and AMPK1-α) by 2- and 3-fold, respectively, at the higher dose in muscle tissues. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the anti-fatigue properties of A. marmelos fruit, most probably manifested by delaying the accumulation of serum lactic acid, increasing the fat utilization and up-regulating the skeletal muscle metabolic regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaiyaraja Nallamuthu
- Division of Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory (DFRL), Defence Research & Development Organization , Siddharthanagar, Mysore , India
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Selvamuthukumaran M, Khanum F. Effect of Modified Atmosphere Packaging on Physicochemical, Sensory and Microbiological Properties of Spray-Dried Sea Buckthorn Fruit Juice Powder. J FOOD QUALITY 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jfq.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Farhath Khanum
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Division; Defence Food Research Laboratory; Siddartha Nagar Mysore Karnataka 570011 India
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Khanum F, Bowen DJ, Kerr BC, Collins PW. Joint health scores in a haemophilia A cohort from Pakistan with minimal or no access to factor VIII concentrate: correlation with thrombin generation and underlying mutation. Haemophilia 2013; 20:426-34. [PMID: 24354535 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilia A is associated with recurrent joint bleeding which leads to synovitis and debilitating arthropathy. Coagulation factor VIII level is an important determinant of bleed number and development of arthropathy . The aim of this study was to compare the haemophilia joint health score (HJHS) and Gilbert score with severity, age, thrombin generation (TG) and underlying mutation in a haemophilia A cohort which had minimal access to haemostatic replacement therapy. Ninety-two haemophilia A individuals were recruited from Pakistan. Age, age at first bleed, target joints, haemophilic arthropathy joints, HJHS and Gilbert score were recorded. A strong correlation was found between HJHS and Gilbert score (r = 0.98), both were significantly higher in severe (n = 59) compared with non-severe (n = 29) individuals before the age of 12 years (P ≤ 0.01) but not thereafter. When individuals were divided according to developmental age (<12 years, 12-16 years and >16 years), both HJHS and Gilbert score were significantly lower in the youngest group (P ≤ 0.001), there was no difference between 12-16 years and >16 years. In severe individuals there was no correlation between in vitro TG and joint score, whereas in non-severe individuals there was a weak negative correlation. In the severe group, no significant difference was observed for either joint score according to the underlying mutation type (inversion, missense, nonsense, frameshift). In this cohort of haemophilia A individuals with minimal access to haemostatic treatment, haemophilic arthropathy correlated with severity and age; among severe individuals, joint health scores did not relate to either the underlying mutation or in vitro TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Khanum
- Department of Haematology, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
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Abstract
The aim of the present study was to synthesize and characterize the Thymoquinone (TQ) encapsulated PLGA (poly (dl-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles, and further evaluate for its antioxidant and anti-bacterial activities. TQ is a potential active ingredient of Nigella sativa seed and possess a spectrum of therapeutic properties. Nanoparticles were prepared according to solid-in-oil-in-water (s/o/w) solvent evaporation method. Dynamic laser light scattering (DLS) and SEM studies indicated a mean particle size of < 200 nm. The success of encapsulation was confirmed by FTIR technique, and the encapsulation efficiency (EE) of TQ was determined to be 62%. In vitro drug release study showed a maximum release of TQ at 75% and 54 % respectively for artificial intestinal and gastric juices over the period of 7 days. DPPH radical scavenging activity of the nanoparticles was found to be 71% at 1 mg/ml concentration. It also exhibited antibacterial property against E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi strains, tested using well diffusion method. In conclusion, our study shows that PLGA encapsulated TQ nanoparticle with sustained release property has preserved antioxidant as well as anti-microbial activity, and therefore suggesting its therapeutic applications in various food samples.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i12.17017 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, November 2013, 2(12): 202-207
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Naveen S, Siddalingaswamy M, Singsit D, Khanum F. Anti-depressive effect of polyphenols and omega-3 fatty acid from pomegranate peel and flax seed in mice exposed to chronic mild stress. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2013; 67:501-8. [PMID: 24152226 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM In this study polyphenols from pomegranate peel, and n-3 fatty acids with polyphenols from flax seed were evaluated for their anti depression properties in mice exposed to chronic mild stress (CMS). METHODS A total of 40 mice initially trained to consume 2% sucrose solution for 3 weeks were then divided into five groups of eight each. The first group was the normal control, the remaining four groups were exposed to CMS but were force fed with either: 10 mL water per kg bodyweight per day; imipramine (a standard antidepressant) 15 mg kg bodyweight; 30 mg per kg bodyweight polyphenol equivalent extract from pomegranate peel; or 30 mg polyphenols per kg bodyweight with omega-3 fatty acids present, for 50 days. At the end, blood and brain were analyzed for various biomarkers of depression. RESULTS The flax seed and imipramine groups had significantly increased sucrose consumption, decreased cortisol (blood), decreased epinephrine and norepinephrine concentration, decreased monoamine oxidase A and B activity, and decreased superoxide dismutase activity. Lipid peroxidation was completely inhibited. In contrast, pomegranate peel extract also completely inhibited lipid peroxidation in the brain, and reduced enzyme activity and hormone concentration but to a lesser extent than flax seed. CONCLUSION Polyphenols from flax seed with omega-3 fatty acids were able to reduce all the CMS effects tested compared to polyphenols from pomegranate peel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivanna Naveen
- Department of Applied Nutrition, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India
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Khanum F, Collins PW, Harris RL, Bowen DJ. Characterization ofF8defects in haemophilia A in Pakistan: investigation of correlation between mutation type and thein vitrothrombin generation assay. Haemophilia 2013; 20:287-93. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Khanum
- Department of Haematology; School of Medicine; Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
| | - P. W. Collins
- Department of Haematology; School of Medicine; Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
| | - R. L. Harris
- Department of Haematology; School of Medicine; Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
| | - D. J. Bowen
- Department of Haematology; School of Medicine; Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
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Anilakumar KR, Khanum F, Bawa AS. Effect of coriander seed powder (CSP) on 1, 2-dimethyl hydrazine-induced changes in antioxidant enzyme system and lipid peroxide formation in rats. J Diet Suppl 2013; 7:9-20. [PMID: 22435570 DOI: 10.3109/19390210903534970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The effect of coriander seed powder (CSP), a culinary spice, on dimethyl hydrazine (DMH)-induced oxidative stress and toxicity in rats was investigated. Six groups of 6 male rats each were maintained for 12 weeks as (a) Control; (b) DMH (60 mg/kg body weight) injected; (c) 5% CSP incorporated diet; (d) 5% CSP incorporated diet + DMH; (e) 10% CSP incorporated diet; and (f) 10% CSP incorporated diet + DMH. The rats were sacrificed after 12 weeks. The results revealed that DMH administration lead to an increase in hepatic lipid peroxidation associated with reduction in levels of glutathione (GSH), activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The coadministration of CSP and DMH diminished the hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly as compared to DMH-alone administered rats. The intake of coriander seeds at 10% level also enhanced the hepatic GSH-redox system by elevating GSH-Px, GSSGR, and GST activities. The DMH-induced decline in SOD and catalase activities was brought to normal by 10% CSP. The coadministration of CSP and the DMH produced a significant reduction in MDA and enhancement in catalase activity as compared to control. Coriander powder at 5% and 10% levels produced a significant rise in colonic catalase and GSH-Px. The coriander seeds produced significant beneficial effects by reducing the DMH-induced oxidative stress and enhancing the tissue levels of antioxidant/detoxification agent in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Anilakumar
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
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Shivanna N, Naika M, Khanum F, Kaul VK. Antioxidant, anti-diabetic and renal protective properties of Stevia rebaudiana. J Diabetes Complications 2013; 27:103-13. [PMID: 23140911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni has been used for the treatment of diabetes in, for example, Brazil, although a positive effect on antidiabetic and its complications has not been unequivocally demonstrated. This herb also has numerous therapeutic properties which have been proven safe and effective over hundreds of years. Streptozotocin is a potential source of oxidative stress that induces genotoxicity. OBJECTIVE We studied the effects of stevia leaves and its extracted polyphenols and fiber on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. We hypothesize that supplementation of polyphenols extract from stevia to the diet causes a reduction in diabetes and its complications. DESIGN/METHODS Eighty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 8 groups; a standard control diet was supplemented with either stevia whole leaves powder (4.0%) or polyphenols or fiber extracted from stevia separately and fed for one month. Streptozotocin (60 mg/kg body weight, i.p) was injected to the diabetic groups on the 31st day. Several indices were analyzed to assess the modulation of the streptozotocin induced oxidative stress, toxicity and blood glucose levels by stevia. RESULTS The results showed a reduction of blood glucose, ALT and AST, and increment of insulin level in the stevia whole leaves powder and extracted polyphenols fed rats compared to control diabetic group. Its feeding also reduced the MDA concentration in liver and improved its antioxidant status through antioxidant enzymes. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were improved by their feeding. Streptozotocin was also found to induce kidney damage as evidenced by decreased glomerular filtration rate; this change was however alleviated in the stevia leaves and extracted polyphenol fed groups. CONCLUSION The results suggested that stevia leaves do have a significant role in alleviating liver and kidney damage in the STZ-diabetic rats besides its hypoglycemic effect. It might be adequate to conclude that stevia leaves could protect rats against streptozotocin induced diabetes, reduce the risk of oxidative stress and ameliorate liver and kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Shivanna
- Department of Applied Nutrition, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India.
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Selvamuthukumaran M, Khanum F. Optimization of spray drying process for developing seabuckthorn fruit juice powder using response surface methodology. J Food Sci Technol 2012; 51:3731-9. [PMID: 25477639 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-012-0901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The response surface methodology was used to optimize the spray drying process for development of seabuckthorn fruit juice powder. The independent variables were different levels of inlet air temperature and maltodextrin concentration. The responses were moisture, solubility, dispersibility, vitamin C and overall color difference value. Statistical analysis revealed that independent variables significantly affected all the responses. The Inlet air temperature showed maximum influence on moisture and vitamin C content, while the maltodextrin concentration showed similar influence on solubility, dispersibility and overall color difference value. Contour plots for each response were used to generate an optimum area by superimposition. The seabuckthorn fruit juice powder was developed using the derived optimum processing conditions to check the validity of the second order polynomial model. The experimental values were found to be in close agreement to the predicted values and were within the acceptable limits indicating the suitability of the model in predicting quality attributes of seabuckthorn fruit juice powder. The recommended optimum spray drying conditions for drying 100 g fruit juice slurry were inlet air temperature and maltodextrin concentration of 162.5 °C and 25 g, respectively. The spray dried juice powder contains higher amounts of antioxidants viz., vitamin C, vitamin E, total carotenoids, total anthocyanins and total phenols when compared to commercial fruit juice powders and they are also found to be free flowing without any physical alterations such as caking, stickiness, collapse and crystallization by exhibiting greater glass transition temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farhath Khanum
- Biochemistry & Nutrition Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddartha Nagar, Mysore, 570 011 Karnataka India
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Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is a major health problem in the 21st century, and many neuropsychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative disorders, such as schizophrenia, depression, Alzheimer's Disease dementia, cerebrovascular impairment, seizure disorders, head injury and Parkinsonism, can be severly functionally debilitating in nature. In course of time, a number of neurotransmitters and signaling molecules have been identified which have been considered as therapeutic targets. Conventional as well newer molecules have been tried against these targets. Phytochemicals from medicinal plants play a vital role in maintaining the brain's chemical balance by influencing the function of receptors for the major inhibitory neurotransmitters. In traditional practice of medicine, several plants have been reported to treat cognitive disorders. In this review paper, we attempt to throw some light on the use of medicinal herbs to treat cognitive disorders. In this review, we briefly deal with some medicinal herbs focusing on their neuroprotective active phytochemical substances like fatty acids, phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenes etc. The resistance of neurons to various stressors by activating specific signal transduction pathways and transcription factors are also discussed. It was observed in the review that a number of herbal medicines used in Ayurvedic practices as well Chinese medicines contain multiple compounds and phytochemicals that may have a neuroprotective effect which may prove beneficial in different neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Though the presence of receptors or transporters for polyphenols or other phytochemicals of the herbal preparations, in brain tissues remains to be ascertained, compounds with multiple targets appear as a potential and promising class of therapeutics for the treatment of diseases with a multifactorial etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Phani Kumar
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India
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Abstract
Depression is a term that has been used to describe a variety of ailments, ranging from minor to incapacitating. Clinically significant depression, termed as major depression, is a serious condition characterized not only by depressed mood but also by a cluster of somatic, cognitive, and motivational symptoms. Significant research efforts are aimed to understand the neurobiological as well as psychiatric disorders, and the evaluation of treatment of these disorders is still based solely on the assessment of symptoms. In order to identify the biological markers for depression, we have focused on gathering information on different factors responsible for depression including stress, genetic variations, neurotransmitters, and cytokines and chemokines previously suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of depression. The present review illustrates the potential of biomarker profiling for psychiatric disorders, when conducted in large collections. The review highlighted the biomarker signatures for depression, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Tamatam
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, India
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Annapoorani A, Anilakumar KR, Khanum F, Murthy NA, Bawa AS. Studies on the physicochemical characteristics of heated honey, honey mixed with ghee and their food consumption pattern by rats. Ayu 2012; 31:141-6. [PMID: 22131701 PMCID: PMC3215355 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8520.72363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey and ghee are the two food substances used widely in our diet. In Ayurveda, it is quoted that heated honey and honey mixed with equal amount of ghee produce deleterious effects. Hence, it was of our interest to study the physicochemical characteristics and chemical constituents of heated honey and honey mixed with ghee, and their effect on daily food intake and organ weights of rats. The specific gravity of samples showed a significant decrease in honey and ghee samples heated to 140°C. The pH of honey heated to 140°C was elevated with a reduction in the specific gravity. There was a significant rise in hydroxymethyl furfuraldehyde (HMF) in 60º and 140°C heated honey samples. The browning and total antioxidant of honey mixed ghee samples was significantly higher when compared to ghee samples. Further, the authors have also evaluated the effects of consumption of heated honey, ghee, honey mixed with equal amount of ghee and heated honey mixed with heated ghee in rats. The feeding of heated honey and honey mixed with ghee for 6 weeks showed no significant change in the food intake, weight gain and relative organ weights. The study revealed that the heated honey mixed with ghee produces HMF which may cause deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Annapoorani
- Government Ayurveda Medical College, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India
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Anand T, Kumar GP, Ilaiyaraja N, Khanum F, Bawa A. Effect of Asiaticoside Rich Extract from Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. on Physical Fatigue Induced by Weight-loaded Forced Swim Test. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2012.832.841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kumar KH, Khanum F. Hydroalcoholic Extract of Cyperus rotundus Ameliorates H2O2-Induced Human Neuronal Cell Damage via Its Anti-oxidative and Anti-apoptotic Machinery. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2012; 33:5-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-012-9865-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Abstract
Background: Increased physical activities elevate reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to dysfunction and integrity of cells thus inducing oxidative stress which intern may affect overall physical performance. Polyphenols are well known for their excellent antioxidant potency. In this study, the effect of selected polyphenols with established health benefits viz., catachin, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid and quercetin was investigated with respect to swimming performance in rats. Methods: The animals were force fed with aqueous mixture of polyphenols at 25 mg/rat/day and subjected to swimming exercise until exhaustion. Results: Rats fed with poly phenols showed a significant increase in swimming time, and the activities of Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine pyruvic kinase (CPK) were lowered. Polyphenols increased the concentration of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), glycogen in muscle lowered the activities of and. Polyphenols increased the concentration of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and glycogen in muscle and reduced MDA levels in the liver, muscle and blood but increased DNA and RNA concentration in muscle. Conclusion: The results clearly demonstrated combination of polyphenols used enhanced the swimming performance of the rats.Keywords: Polyphenols, Exercise capacity, ROS, ATP, Catachin, Chlorogenic acid, Ellagic acid and Quercetin
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Anand T, Phani Kumar G, Pandareesh MD, Swamy MSL, Khanum F, Bawa AS. Effect of Bacoside Extract from Bacopa monniera on Physical Fatigue Induced by Forced Swimming. Phytother Res 2011; 26:587-93. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Anand
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Discipline; Defence Food Research Laboratory; Siddarthanagar; Mysore; 570011; India
| | - G. Phani Kumar
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Discipline; Defence Food Research Laboratory; Siddarthanagar; Mysore; 570011; India
| | - M. D. Pandareesh
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Discipline; Defence Food Research Laboratory; Siddarthanagar; Mysore; 570011; India
| | - M. S. L. Swamy
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Discipline; Defence Food Research Laboratory; Siddarthanagar; Mysore; 570011; India
| | - Farhath Khanum
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Discipline; Defence Food Research Laboratory; Siddarthanagar; Mysore; 570011; India
| | - A. S. Bawa
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Discipline; Defence Food Research Laboratory; Siddarthanagar; Mysore; 570011; India
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Pal A, Khanum F. Covalent immobilization of xylanase on glutaraldehyde activated alginate beads using response surface methodology: Characterization of immobilized enzyme. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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