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Schindler O, Ho H, Leidl Q, Angermund A, Elishar R, Frech-Dörfler M, Hirsch A, Kalke YB, Kirschner-Herrmanns R, Tornic J, Queissert F, Rahnama'i S, Rehme C, Reitz A, Schmitz F, Schultz-Lampel D, Gedamke M. [Intravesical oxybutynin treatment for neurogenic detrusor overactivity : Efficacy and safety data from clinical practice with the first intravesical oxybutynin treatment authorized in Germany]. Urologie 2024:10.1007/s00120-024-02351-1. [PMID: 38755461 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-024-02351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Existing therapies for neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO), i.e. oral anticholinergics and botulinum toxin injections, can be associated with serious adverse effects or are not always sufficiently effective. Therefore, there is a need for alternative safe and effective treatment options for NDO. Intravesical oxybutynin has been successfully used for several years as a prescription drug in adults and children with spinal cord injury and spina bifida. In 2019, VESOXX® (FARCO-PHARMA, Cologne, Germany) became the first registered intravesical oxybutynin product in Germany, which is indicated for the suppression of neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) in children from 6 years of age and adults, who are managing bladder emptying by clean intermittent catheterisation (CIC), if they cannot be adequately managed by oral anticholinergic treatment due to lack of efficacy and/or intolerable side effects. Overall, there are limited data regarding therapy with intravesical oxybutynin, with the majority of publications being retrospective case series. To date, there are limited data on the efficacy and safety of the newly approved intravesical oxybutynin therapy (VESOXX®) in NDO patients. This noninterventional case series from daily routine treatment which evaluated the physician reports of 38 patients suggests that intravesical oxybutynin effectively improves maximum detrusor pressure (Pdet max) by decreasing it by 59% from 51.94 cm H2O ± 26.12 standard deviation (SD) to 21.07 cm H2O ± 17.32 SD (P < 0.001, n = 34). Maximum bladder pressure (MBC) increased by 34% from 260.45 ml ± 200.26 SD to 348.45 ml ± 175.90 SD. Positive or similar effects compared to previous therapies were seen in bladder morphology, number of incontinence episodes, urinary tract infections and adverse drug effects. This case series demonstrates that intravesical oxybutynin is an important addition to current therapies for the treatment of NDO and it is also efficacious in the rare setting of other underlying diseases beyond spinal cord injury or spina bifida. The approved intravesical oxybutynin preparation VESOXX® may be a useful alternative for patients who do not respond to other therapies or suffered side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Schindler
- Abteilung für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - H Ho
- FARCO-PHARMA GmbH, Gereonsmuehlengasse 1-11, 50670, Köln, Deutschland
| | - Q Leidl
- FARCO-PHARMA GmbH, Gereonsmuehlengasse 1-11, 50670, Köln, Deutschland
| | - A Angermund
- Fachzentrum für Neuro-Urologie, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth, Deutschland
| | - R Elishar
- Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, Bayreuth, Deutschland
| | | | - A Hirsch
- Cnopfsche Kinderklinik, Nürnberg, Deutschland
| | - Y-B Kalke
- Querschnittgelähmtenzentrum Orthopädische Universitätsklinik Ulm, RKU Universitäts- und Rehabilitationskliniken Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland
| | | | - J Tornic
- Klinik für Urologie, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Schweiz
| | - F Queissert
- Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Deutschland
| | - S Rahnama'i
- Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - C Rehme
- Klinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - A Reitz
- Kontinenz Zentrum AG, Klinik Hirslanden, Zürich, Schweiz
| | - F Schmitz
- Neuro-Urologie/Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - D Schultz-Lampel
- Kontinenzzentrum Südwest, Schwarzwald-Baar Klinikum, Villingen-Schwenningen, Deutschland
| | - M Gedamke
- FARCO-PHARMA GmbH, Gereonsmuehlengasse 1-11, 50670, Köln, Deutschland.
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2
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Durán-Carabali LE, Odorcyk FK, Grun LK, Schmitz F, Ramires Junior OV, de Oliveria MR, Campos KF, Hoeper E, Carvalho AVS, Greggio S, Venturine GT, Zimmer ER, Barbé-Tuana F, Wyse ATS, Netto CA. Maternal environmental enrichment protects neonatal brains from hypoxic-ischemic challenge by mitigating brain energetic dysfunction and modulating glial cell responses. Exp Neurol 2024; 374:114713. [PMID: 38325654 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
There is evidence that maternal milieu and changes in environmental factors during the prenatal period may exert a lasting impact on the brain health of the newborn, even in case of neonatal brain hypoxia-ischemia (HI). The present study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal environmental enrichment (EE) on HI-induced energetic and metabolic failure, along with subsequent neural cell responses in the early postnatal period. Male Wistar pups born to dams exposed to maternal EE or standard conditions (SC) were randomly divided into Sham-SC, HI-SC, Sham-EE, and HI-EE groups. Neonatal HI was induced on postnatal day (PND) 3. The Na+,K+-ATPase activity, mitochondrial function and neuroinflammatory related-proteins were assessed at 24 h and 48 h after HI. MicroPET-FDG scans were used to measure glucose uptake at three time points: 24 h post-HI, PND18, and PND24. Moreover, neuronal preservation and glial cell responses were evaluated at PND18. After HI, animals exposed to maternal EE showed an increase in Na+,K+-ATPase activity, preservation of mitochondrial potential/mass ratio, and a reduction in mitochondrial swelling. Glucose uptake was preserved in HI-EE animals from PND18 onwards. Maternal EE attenuated HI-induced cell degeneration, white matter injury, and reduced astrocyte immunofluorescence. Moreover, the HI-EE group exhibited elevated levels of IL-10 and a reduction in Iba-1 positive cells. Data suggested that the regulation of AKT/ERK1/2 signaling pathways could be involved in the effects of maternal EE. This study evidenced that antenatal environmental stimuli could promote bioenergetic and neural resilience in the offspring against early HI damage, supporting the translational value of pregnancy-focused environmental treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Durán-Carabali
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - F K Odorcyk
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - L K Grun
- Group of Inflammation and Cellular Senescence, Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - F Schmitz
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory (Wyse's Lab.), Brazil
| | - O V Ramires Junior
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory (Wyse's Lab.), Brazil
| | - M R de Oliveria
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - K F Campos
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - E Hoeper
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Neuroscience, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - A V S Carvalho
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - S Greggio
- Undergraduate Program in Biomedicine, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Preclinical Research Center, Brain Institute (BraIns) of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - G T Venturine
- Preclinical Research Center, Brain Institute (BraIns) of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - E R Zimmer
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - F Barbé-Tuana
- Group of Inflammation and Cellular Senescence, Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A T S Wyse
- Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory (Wyse's Lab.), Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - C A Netto
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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3
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Bieber A, Müller K, Kools S, Hilker L, Ebner L, Kirchgässler A, Rohmann R, Kleinz T, Ortmann L, Basner L, Kühn E, Averdunk P, Schmitz F, Bulut Y, Huckemann S, Scholz L, Fisse A, Motte J, Grüter T, Kwon E, Schneider-Gold C, Gold R, Tönges L, Pitarokoili K. P-99 Nerve conduction studies in a cohort of patients with Parkinson[StQuote]s disease, multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy. Clin Neurophysiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.02.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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4
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van Dongen MJP, Kadam RU, Juraszek J, Lawson E, Brandenburg B, Schmitz F, Schepens WBG, Stoops B, van Diepen HA, Jongeneelen M, Tang C, Vermond J, van Eijgen-Obregoso Real A, Blokland S, Garg D, Yu W, Goutier W, Lanckacker E, Klap JM, Peeters DCG, Wu J, Buyck C, Jonckers THM, Roymans D, Roevens P, Vogels R, Koudstaal W, Friesen RHE, Raboisson P, Dhanak D, Goudsmit J, Wilson IA. A small-molecule fusion inhibitor of influenza virus is orally active in mice. Science 2019; 363:363/6431/eaar6221. [PMID: 30846569 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar6221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent characterization of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against influenza virus identified the conserved hemagglutinin (HA) stem as a target for development of universal vaccines and therapeutics. Although several stem bnAbs are being evaluated in clinical trials, antibodies are generally unsuited for oral delivery. Guided by structural knowledge of the interactions and mechanism of anti-stem bnAb CR6261, we selected and optimized small molecules that mimic the bnAb functionality. Our lead compound neutralizes influenza A group 1 viruses by inhibiting HA-mediated fusion in vitro, protects mice against lethal and sublethal influenza challenge after oral administration, and effectively neutralizes virus infection in reconstituted three-dimensional cell culture of fully differentiated human bronchial epithelial cells. Cocrystal structures with H1 and H5 HAs reveal that the lead compound recapitulates the bnAb hotspot interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J P van Dongen
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Archimedesweg 6, Leiden, Netherlands. .,Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Rameshwar U Kadam
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jarek Juraszek
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Archimedesweg 6, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Edward Lawson
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, 1400 McKean Rd., Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Boerries Brandenburg
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Archimedesweg 6, Leiden, Netherlands.,Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Research & Development, Archimedesweg 4-6, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frederike Schmitz
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Archimedesweg 6, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wim B G Schepens
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Bart Stoops
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Harry A van Diepen
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Archimedesweg 6, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mandy Jongeneelen
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Archimedesweg 6, Leiden, Netherlands.,Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Research & Development, Archimedesweg 4-6, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Chan Tang
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Archimedesweg 6, Leiden, Netherlands.,Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Research & Development, Archimedesweg 4-6, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jan Vermond
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Archimedesweg 6, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Sven Blokland
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Archimedesweg 6, Leiden, Netherlands.,Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Research & Development, Archimedesweg 4-6, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Divita Garg
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wenli Yu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wouter Goutier
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Archimedesweg 6, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ellen Lanckacker
- Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Research & Discovery, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Jaco M Klap
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Archimedesweg 6, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle C G Peeters
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Jin Wu
- Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Research & Discovery, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Christophe Buyck
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Tim H M Jonckers
- Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Research & Discovery, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Dirk Roymans
- Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Research & Discovery, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Peter Roevens
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ronald Vogels
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Archimedesweg 6, Leiden, Netherlands.,Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Research & Development, Archimedesweg 4-6, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wouter Koudstaal
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Archimedesweg 6, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Robert H E Friesen
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Archimedesweg 6, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Pierre Raboisson
- Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Research & Discovery, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Dashyant Dhanak
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse, Belgium.,Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, 1400 McKean Rd., Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Jaap Goudsmit
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Archimedesweg 6, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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5
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Yudanin NA, Schmitz F, Flamar AL, Thome JJC, Tait Wojno E, Moeller JB, Schirmer M, Latorre IJ, Xavier RJ, Farber DL, Monticelli LA, Artis D. Spatial and Temporal Mapping of Human Innate Lymphoid Cells Reveals Elements of Tissue Specificity. Immunity 2019; 50:505-519.e4. [PMID: 30770247 PMCID: PMC6594374 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) play critical roles in regulating immunity, inflammation, and tissue homeostasis in mice. However, limited access to non-diseased human tissues has hindered efforts to profile anatomically-distinct ILCs in humans. Through flow cytometric and transcriptional analyses of lymphoid, mucosal, and metabolic tissues from previously healthy human organ donors, here we have provided a map of human ILC heterogeneity across multiple anatomical sites. In contrast to mice, human ILCs are less strictly compartmentalized and tissue localization selectively impacts ILC distribution in a subset-dependent manner. Tissue-specific distinctions are particularly apparent for ILC1 populations, whose distribution was markedly altered in obesity or aging. Furthermore, the degree of ILC1 population heterogeneity differed substantially in lymphoid versus mucosal sites. Together, these analyses comprise a comprehensive characterization of the spatial and temporal dynamics regulating the anatomical distribution, subset heterogeneity, and functional potential of ILCs in non-diseased human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi A Yudanin
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Stanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Frederike Schmitz
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Stanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Anne-Laure Flamar
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Stanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Joseph J C Thome
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Surgery and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Elia Tait Wojno
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Stanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA; Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA
| | - Jesper B Moeller
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Stanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Melanie Schirmer
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Isabel J Latorre
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Donna L Farber
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Surgery and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Laurel A Monticelli
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Stanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
| | - David Artis
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Stanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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Neves J, Vizuete A, Nicola F, Da Ré C, Rodrigues A, Schmitz F, Mestriner R, Aristimunha D, Wyse A, Netto C. Glial glutamate transporters expression, glutamate uptake, and oxidative stress in an experimental rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurochem Int 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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de Wolf F, Brinkman E, Weverling G, Klatser P, Kostense S, Schmitz F, Koudstaal W, Goudsmit J. COMPARISON OF BIOLOGICAL AGE ESTIMATES IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS: TOWARD PLASMA-BASED QUANTIFICATION. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.3219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F. de Wolf
- Janssen Prevention Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - E. Brinkman
- Janssen Prevention Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - P. Klatser
- Janssen Prevention Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - S. Kostense
- Janssen Prevention Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - F. Schmitz
- Janssen Prevention Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - J. Goudsmit
- Janssen Prevention Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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8
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Minne E, Carlier P, Peters C, Mommaert C, Kennes C, Cortenbosch G, Schmitz F, Van Haesendonck M, Schrayen V, Wertelaers A. Belgian class II nuclear facilities such as irradiators and accelerators: Regulatory Body attention points and operating experience feedback. KERNTECHNIK 2016. [DOI: 10.3139/124.110722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present the Regulatory Body attention points and the operating experience feedback from Belgian “class IIA” facilities such as industrial and research irradiators, bulk radionuclides producers and conditioners. Reinforcement of the nuclear safety and radiation protection has been promoted by the Federal Agency for Nuclear Control (FANC) since 2009. This paper is clearly a continuation of the former paper [1] presenting the evolution in the regulatory framework relative to the creation of Bel V, the subsidiary of the FANC, and to the new “class IIA” covering heavy installations such as those mentioned above. Some lessons learnt are extracted from the operating experience feedback based on the events declared to the authorities. Even though a real willingness to meet the new safety requirements is observed among the “class IIA” licensees, promoting the safety culture, the nuclear safety and radiation protection remains an endless challenge for the Regulatory Body.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Minne
- Bel V , Rue Walcourt, 148, B-1070 Brussels , Belgium
| | - P. Carlier
- Federal Agency for Nuclear Control , Rue Ravenstein, 36, B-1000 Brussels , Belgium
| | - C. Peters
- Bel V , Rue Walcourt, 148, B-1070 Brussels , Belgium
| | - C. Mommaert
- Bel V , Rue Walcourt, 148, B-1070 Brussels , Belgium
| | - C. Kennes
- Bel V , Rue Walcourt, 148, B-1070 Brussels , Belgium
| | | | - F. Schmitz
- Bel V , Rue Walcourt, 148, B-1070 Brussels , Belgium
| | | | - V. Schrayen
- Federal Agency for Nuclear Control , Rue Ravenstein, 36, B-1000 Brussels , Belgium
| | - A. Wertelaers
- Federal Agency for Nuclear Control , Rue Ravenstein, 36, B-1000 Brussels , Belgium
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9
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Schmitz P, Schmitz F. Emotional intelligence and coping as predictors of acculturation styles. Personality and Individual Differences 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Manske K, Schmitz F, Wilhelm O. Individual differences in financial decision making. Personality and Individual Differences 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Schmitz F, Wilhelm O. Mental speed: Structure and correlates. Personality and Individual Differences 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Schmitz F, Kooy-Winkelaar Y, Wiekmeijer AS, Brugman MH, Mearin ML, Mulder C, Chuva de Sousa Lopes S, Mummery CL, Staal FJ, van Bergen J, Koning F. The composition and differentiation potential of the duodenal intraepithelial innate lymphocyte compartment is altered in coeliac disease. Gut 2016; 65:1269-78. [PMID: 25966995 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coeliac disease (CD), a gluten-induced enteropathy, alters the composition and function of duodenal intraepithelial T cells. The intestine also harbours four types of CD3-negative intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) with largely unknown function: CD56(-)CD127(-), CD56(-)CD127(+), CD56(+)CD127(-) and CD56(+)CD127(+). Here we aimed to gain insight into the potential function of these innate IELs in health and disease. DESIGN We determined the phenotypes, relative abundance and differentiation potential of these innate IEL subsets in duodenal biopsies from controls and patients with CD or patients with refractory CD type II (RCDII). RESULTS Hierarchical clustering analysis of the expression of 15 natural killer and T cell surface markers showed that innate IELs differed markedly from innate peripheral blood lymphocytes and divided innate IEL subsets into two main branches: a CD127(-) branch expressing high levels of interleukin (IL) 2/15Rβ but no IL-21R, and a CD127(+) branch with the opposite phenotype. While CD was characterised by the contraction of all four innate IEL subsets, a selective expansion of CD56(-)CD127(-) and CD56(-)CD127(+) innate IEL was detected in RCDII. In vitro, in the presence of IL-15, CD56(-)CD127(-) IEL from controls and patients with CD, but not from patients with RCDII, differentiated into functional natural killer and T cells, the latter largely dependent on notch-signalling. Furthermore, compared with non-coeliac controls, CD56(-)CD127(-) IEL from patients with CD expressed more intracellular CD3ε and CD3γ and gave more pronounced T cell differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Thus, we demonstrate previously unappreciated diversity and plasticity of the innate IEL compartment and its loss of differentiation potential in patients with RCDII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Schmitz
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Kooy-Winkelaar
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anna-Sophia Wiekmeijer
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - M Luisa Mearin
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Mulder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Free University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Jt Staal
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van Bergen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Hardy MY, Tye-Din JA, Stewart JA, Schmitz F, Dudek NL, Hanchapola I, Purcell AW, Anderson RP. Ingestion of oats and barley in patients with celiac disease mobilizes cross-reactive T cells activated by avenin peptides and immuno-dominant hordein peptides. J Autoimmun 2014; 56:56-65. [PMID: 25457306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a common CD4(+) T cell mediated enteropathy driven by gluten in wheat, rye, and barley. Whilst clinical feeding studies generally support the safety of oats ingestion in CD, the avenin protein from oats can stimulate intestinal gluten-reactive T cells isolated from some CD patients in vitro. Our objective was to establish whether ingestion of oats or other grains toxic in CD stimulate an avenin-specific T cell response in vivo. We fed participants a meal of oats (100 g/day over 3 days) to measure the in vivo polyclonal avenin-specific T cell responses to peptides contained within comprehensive avenin peptide libraries in 73 HLA-DQ2.5(+) CD patients. Grain cross-reactivity was investigated using oral challenge with wheat, barley, and rye. Avenin-specific responses were observed in 6/73 HLA-DQ2.5(+) CD patients (8%), against four closely related peptides. Oral barley challenge efficiently induced cross-reactive avenin/hordein-specific T cells in most CD patients, whereas wheat or rye challenge did not. In vitro, immunogenic avenin peptides were susceptible to digestive endopeptidases and showed weak HLA-DQ2.5 binding stability. Our findings indicate that CD patients possess T cells capable of responding to immuno-dominant hordein epitopes and homologous avenin peptides ex vivo, but the frequency and consistency of these T cells in blood is substantially higher after oral challenge with barley compared to oats. The low rates of T cell activation after a substantial oats challenge (100 g/d) suggests that doses of oats commonly consumed are insufficient to cause clinical relapse, and supports the safety of oats demonstrated in long-term feeding studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Y Hardy
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Jason A Tye-Din
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.
| | - Jessica A Stewart
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Frederike Schmitz
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Nadine L Dudek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Iresha Hanchapola
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Anthony W Purcell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Robert P Anderson
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; ImmusanT, Inc., One Kendall Square, Building 200, LL, Suite 4, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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14
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Schmitz F. Reinforcement sensitivity, impulsivity, and sensation seeking. Personality and Individual Differences 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Schmitz F, Wilhelm O. Reinforcement sensitivity, sensation seeking, and counter-productive behaviour at secondary schools. Personality and Individual Differences 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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Schmitz F, Tjon JML, van Bergen J, Koning F. Dendritic cells promote expansion and survival of aberrant TCR-negative intraepithelial lymphocyte lines from refractory celiac disease type II patients. Mol Immunol 2013; 58:10-6. [PMID: 24252355 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) patients who fail to respond to a gluten-free diet suffer from refractory celiac disease (RCD). A marked expansion of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) lacking surface TCR/CD3 expression characterizes the RCD subtype II. In up to 50% of RCDII patients these so-called aberrant IEL (a-IEL) develop into lymphoma and can disseminate into other tissues. Elevated levels of Interleukin-15 (IL-15) in the intestine of CD and RCD patients likely contribute to the expansion of a-IEL. Here, we investigated if interactions with other cells might also influence a-IEL expansion. Similar to IL-15, cells from the monocyte lineage, particularly mature dendritic cells (DCs), promoted proliferation, prevented apoptosis and induced IFNγ secretion of a-IEL derived from RCDII biopsies (RCDII cell lines), which in turn induced CXCL10. In contrast to IL-15, mature DCs did not induce proliferation of regular TCR(+)IEL lines, generated from CD biopsies and IL-15-blocking antibodies did not inhibit DC-induced proliferation of RCDII cell lines. Furthermore, proliferation was dependent on cell-cell contact, but independent of the HLA-genotype of the stimulating cells. Our results suggest that contact with DC, either in the epithelium or upon dissemination, contributes to uncontrolled expansion of a-IEL in RCDII, independent of HLA-genotype and IL-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Schmitz
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer M-L Tjon
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van Bergen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Schmitz F, Tjon JML, Lai Y, Thompson A, Kooy-Winkelaar Y, Lemmers RJLF, Verspaget HW, Mearin ML, Staal FJ, Schreurs MW, Cupedo T, Langerak AW, Mulder CJ, van Bergen J, Koning F. Identification of a potential physiological precursor of aberrant cells in refractory coeliac disease type II. Gut 2013; 62:509-19. [PMID: 22760007 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Refractory coeliac disease type II (RCDII) is a severe complication of coeliac disease (CD) characterised by aberrant intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) of unknown origin that display an atypical CD3(-)CD7(+)icCD3(+) phenotype. In approximately 40% of patients with RCDII these lymphocytes develop into an invasive lymphoma. In the current study we aimed to identify the physiological counterpart of these cells. DESIGN RCDII cell lines were compared with T-cell receptor positive (TCR(+)) IEL (T-IEL) lines by microarray analysis, real-time quantitative PCR and flow cytometry. This information was used to identify cells with an RCDII-associated phenotype in duodenal biopsies from non-refractory individuals by multicolour flow cytometry. RESULTS RCDII lines were transcriptionally distinct from T-IEL lines and expressed higher levels of multiple natural killer (NK) cell receptors. In addition to the CD3(-)CD7(+)icCD3(+) phenotype, the RCDII lines were distinguishable from other lymphocyte subsets by the absence of CD56, CD127 and CD34. Cells matching this surface lineage-negative (Lin(-)) CD7(+)CD127(-)CD34(-) phenotype expressed a functional interleukin-15 (IL-15) receptor and constituted a significant proportion of IELs in duodenal specimens of patients without CD, particularly children, and were also found in the thymus. In patients without CD, the Lin(-)CD7(+)CD127(-)CD34(-) subset was one of four subsets within the CD3(-)CD7(+)icCD3(+) population that could be distinguished on the basis of differential expression of CD56 and/or CD127. CONCLUSION Our studies indicate that the CD3(-)CD7(+)icCD3(+) population is heterogeneous and reveal the existence of a Lin(-) subset that is distinct from T, B, NK and lymphoid tissue inducer cells. We speculate that this IL-15 responsive population represents the physiological counterpart of aberrant cells expanded in RCDII and transformed in RCDII-associated lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Schmitz
- Department of Immunohematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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18
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Scherer EBS, Schmitz F, Vuaden FC, Savio LEB, Ferreira AGK, Tasca RAJC, Casali EA, Bogo MR, Bonan CD, Wyse ATS. Mild hyperhomocysteinemia alters extracellular adenine metabolism in rat brain. Neuroscience 2012; 223:28-34. [PMID: 22863571 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Since homocysteine (Hcy) is considered a risk factor to cerebral diseases and adenine nucleotides are important molecules to brain normal function, in the present study we investigated the effect of chronic mild hyperhomocysteinemia on ectonucleotidase activities and expression in rat cerebral cortex. The levels of ATP, ADP, AMP and adenosine (Ado) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of adult rats also were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography. For the chronic chemically induced mild hyperhomocysteinemia, Hcy (0.03 μmol/g of body weight) was administered subcutaneously from the 30th to the 60th day of life. Control rats received saline solution in the same volumes. Results showed that Hcy significantly decreased nucleotide hydrolysis in the synaptosomal fraction and increased E-NTPDase1 and ecto-5'-nucleotidase transcripts in rat cerebral cortex. ATP levels were significantly increased, while Ado decreased in CSF of Hcy-treated rats. These findings suggest that the unbalance in ATP and Ado levels may be, at last in part, involved in the cerebral toxicity of mild hyperhomocysteinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B S Scherer
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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19
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Drube S, Schmitz F, Göpfert C, Weber F, Kamradt T. C-Kit controls IL-1β-induced effector functions in HMC-cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 675:57-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Shapiro K, Schmitz F, Martens S, Mueller K, Loach D, Akyurek E, Hommel B, Schnitzler A. MEG reveals correlation between task difficulty and magnitude of the attentional blink. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/2.7.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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21
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Kathemann S, Pilic D, Schmitz F, Uhl W, Schmidt-Choudhury A. Raumforderung im Magenantrum. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-008-1809-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Abstract
BACKGROUND As there are only few data on squint angle reduction following surgical treatment of unilateral abducens palsy, we aimed to quantify squint angle reduction after several different surgical procedures. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective analysis of 88 consecutive files of patients with unilateral abducens palsy, treated in 2000 - 2007 (46 resections of the lateral rectus muscle, 25 resections of the lateral rectus combined with recession of the medial rectus, 17 Hummelsheim transpositions, modified by Kaufmann). Maximal abduction was possible up to primary position in all 17 patients with Hummelsheim transposition. All other patients (except two) were able to abduct beyond primary position. RESULTS In resections of the lateral rectus a stable dose-effect-correlation was found: the dose-effect coefficients (DEC) ranged between 1.5 degrees and 1.6 degrees reduction of horizontal angle (far fixation)/mm of resected muscle. In combined convergence procedures the DEC ranged from 1.52 degrees /mm (7-9 mm recession/resection) up to 1.39 degrees /mm (13-15 mm recession/resection). In muscle transpositions (Hummelsheim-Kaufmann), preoperative horizontal squint angle (far distance) was reduced from +29 degrees (median, range +15 degrees to +50 degrees ) to -3 degrees (median, range -15 degrees to +17 degrees ) postoperatively (6-8 weeks). The best results were achieved with preoperative squint angels between > +20 degrees and < +35 degrees . Larger basic angles showed mostly undercorrection; smaller angles showed always overcorrection. CONCLUSIONS Unilateral abducens palsy with maximal abduction up to primary position should be treated by muscle transposition. With squint angles (far distance) < +20 degrees a classical Hummelsheim transposition is recommended, with squint angles > +20 degrees the Kaufmann's modification should be preferred. If abduction beyond primary position is possible, lateral rectus resection suffices. With squint angles > +12 degrees additional recession of the ipsilateral medial rectus muscle becomes necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Esser
- Orthoptik, Universitäts-Augenklinik Essen.
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23
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) leads to the initiation of innate immune responses with increased antimicrobial peptide (AMP) expression in the gastric epithelium. This study aimed to determine the expression of the novel peptides beta-defensin 4 (hBD-4) and RNase 7 in infectious and non-infectious gastritis. Furthermore, pattern recognition receptors and mechanisms of regulation were characterized. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression of AMPs was quantified by real-time PCR in biopsies obtained from healthy individuals and patients with infectious and non-infectious gastritis as well as in AGS gastric epithelial cells infected with H. pylori. Distribution of hBD-4 in the gastric mucosa was characterized by in-situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry. The role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4 and associated signalling pathways was addressed. RESULTS hBD-4 was expressed at low levels in gastric epithelial cells and was significantly upregulated in infectious and non-infectious gastritis. Standard eradication but not acid suppression therapy significantly decreased hBD-4 expression. Cytotoxin associated gene (cag)A positive H. pylori significantly increased the expression of hBD-4 whereas cagA negative organisms, non-viable bacteria or culture supernatants had no significant effect. Overexpression and downregulation of TLRs was not associated with an altered hBD-4 expression. However, blocking experiments revealed an essential role for the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. RNase7 was inconsistently expressed in biopsies and not significantly upregulated by H. pylori. CONCLUSIONS hBD-4 may play a significant role in H. pylori associated gastritis. Inconsistent expression of RNase 7 does not support a pivotal role for this peptide in response to infection with H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Otte
- Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany.
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24
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Felderbauer P, Schnekenburger J, Lebert R, Bulut K, Parry M, Meister T, Schick V, Schmitz F, Domschke W, Schmidt WE. A novel A121T mutation in human cationic trypsinogen associated with hereditary pancreatitis: functional data indicating a loss-of-function mutation influencing the R122 trypsin cleavage site. J Med Genet 2008; 45:507-12. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2007.056481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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25
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Mukherji D, Lackner J, Wanderka N, Kardjilov N, Näth O, Jäger S, Schmitz F, Rösler J. Coating of meso-porous metallic membranes with oriented channel-like fine pores by pulsed laser deposition. Nanotechnology 2008; 19:065706. [PMID: 21730712 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/6/065706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing demand to functionalize meso- and nanoporous materials by coating and make the porous substrate biocompatible or environmentally friendly. However, coating on a meso-porous substrate poses great challenges, especially if the pore aspect ratio is high. We adopted the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method to coat Ni(3)Al-based meso-porous membranes, which were fabricated from a single-crystal Ni-based superalloy by a unique selective phase dissolution technique. These membranes were about 250 µm thick and had channel-like pores (∼200 nm wide) with very high aspect ratio. Two different coating materials, i.e. diamond-like carbon (DLC) and titanium, were used to coat these membranes. High energy C or Ti ions, produced in the plasma plume by the PLD process, penetrated the channel-like pores and deposited coatings on the pore walls deep inside the membrane. The thickness and the quality of coatings on the pore walls were examined using the dual-beam system. The coating thickness, of the order of 50 nm, was adherent to the pore walls and was quite uniform at different depths. The carbon and the Ti deposition behaved quite similarly. The preliminary experiments showed that the PLD is an adequate method for coating fine open cavities of complex geometry. Simulations based on stopping and the range of ions in matter (SRIM) calculations helped in understanding the deposition processes on pore walls at great depths.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mukherji
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, IfW, Langer Kamp 8, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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26
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Sebens Müerköster S, Rausch AV, Isberner A, Minkenberg J, Blaszczuk E, Witt M, Fölsch UR, Schmitz F, Schäfer H, Arlt A. The apoptosis-inducing effect of gastrin on colorectal cancer cells relates to an increased IEX-1 expression mediating NF-κB inhibition. Oncogene 2007; 27:1122-34. [PMID: 17704804 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Addressing the puzzling role of amidated gastrin(17) (G17) and the gastrin/CCKB/CCK2 receptor in colorectal carcinogenesis, we analysed potential candidate genes involved in G17-dependent NF-kappaB inhibition and apoptosis. The colorectal carcinoma cell line Colo320 overexpressing the wild-type CCK2 receptor (Colo320wt) underwent G17-induced apoptosis along with suppressed NF-kappaB activation and decreased expression of the antiapoptotic NF-kappaB target genes cIAP1 and cIAP2, whereas G17 was without effect on Colo320 cells expressing a CCK2 receptor bearing a loss of function mutation (Colo320mut). Gene microarray analysis revealed an elevated expression of the stress response gene IEX-1 in G17-treated Colo320wt but not Colo320mut cells. Quantitative real-time PCR and conventional RT-PCR confirmed this G17-dependent increase of IEX-1 expression in Colo320wt cells. If these cells were subjected to IEX-1 knockdown by small interfering RNA transfection, the apoptosis-inducing effect of G17 was abolished. Moreover, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)- or 5-FU-induced apoptosis that is greatly enhanced by G17 treatment in Colo320wt cells was prevented if IEX-1 expression was repressed. Under these conditions of blocked IEX-1 expression, the NF-kappaB activity remained unaffected by G17, in particular in Colo320wt cells co-treated with TNFalpha and also the suppressive effect of G17 on cIAP1 and cIAP2 expression was not observed anymore if IEX-1 expression was blocked. Conversely, IEX-1 overexpression in Colo320mut cells caused an increase of basal and TNFalpha- or 5-FU-induced apoptosis, an effect not further triggered by G17 treatment. Using a xenograft tumor model in severe combined immune deficiency mice, we could show that experimental systemic hypergastrinemia induced by the administration of omeprazole led to enhanced apoptosis as well as to a marked increase of IEX-1 expression in Colo320wt tumors, but not in Colo320mut tumors. These observations indicate that the proapoptotic effect of G17 on human colon cancer cells expressing the wild-type CCK2 receptor is mediated by IEX-1, which modulates NF-kappaB-dependent antiapoptotic protection and thereby exerts tumor-suppressive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sebens Müerköster
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 1st Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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Chromik AM, Müller AM, Körner J, Belyaev O, Holland-Letz T, Schmitz F, Herdegen T, Uhl W, Mittelkötter U. Genetic deletion of JNK1 and JNK2 aggravates the DSS-induced colitis in mice. J INVEST SURG 2007; 20:23-33. [PMID: 17365404 DOI: 10.1080/08941930601126140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are considered as novel targets for therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, the relevant JNK isoforms have to be elucidated. Here, we analyze the individual contribution of the JNK1 and JNK2 isoforms in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) model of experimental colitis. JNK1 and JNK2 knockout mice (JNK1 ko, JNK2 ko) and their wild-type controls (WT1, WT2) received three cycles of DSS treatment, each consisting of 1.7% DSS for 5 days, followed by 5 days with water. Animals were daily evaluated by a disease activity index (DAI) comprising measurement of body weight, estimation of stool consistency, and test for occult blood/gross rectal bleeding. After 30 days all animals were sacrificed, and the inflamed intestine was histologically evaluated by a crypt damage score. Unexpectedly, neither JNK1 ko nor JNK2 ko prevented mice from developing a chronic colitis when compared to wild-type controls WT1 and WT2, respectively. On the contrary, DAI and mortality were aggravated in JNK2 ko compared to WT2. DAI and mortality did not differ between JNK1 ko and WT1, but the histological crypt damage score was significantly enhanced in the cecum of JNK1 ko mice. Genetic deletion of JNK2 worsens the disease outcome in an experimental model of murine colitis. We hypothesize that the functional deletion of the otherwise proapoptotic JNK2 prolongs the activity of proinflammatory immune cells with deterioration of disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Chromik
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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28
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Schmitz F, Mevissen V, Krantz C, Kimmel M, Erdmann J, Hoffmann R, Zerres K, Ortlepp JR. Robust association of the APOE epsilon4 allele with premature myocardial infarction especially in patients without hypercholesterolaemia: the Aachen study. Eur J Clin Invest 2007; 37:106-8. [PMID: 17217375 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2007.01764.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic influence on the manifestation of coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI) has been shown previously. From many candidate genes the APOE (apolipoprotein E) with the major alleles epsilon2/epsilon3/epsilon4 is in the focus of interest. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 1817 patients admitted for their first left heart catheterization at a premature age (males < 55 and females < 65) the association of APOE alleles with MI was analysed. Genotyping was done by 5' exonuclease assay (TaqMan). RESULTS APOE was significantly associated with hypercholesterolaemia (epsilon4 72% vs. epsilon3 66% vs. epsilon2 51%; P < 0.0001), and premature MI (epsilon4 57% vs. epsilon3 50% vs. epsilon2 41%; P < 0.0001; hazard ratio 1.41, 95%CI 1.14-1.75). In patients without hypercholesterolaemia, the APOE allele epsilon4 was highly predictive for the presence of premature MI (epsilon4 55% vs. epsilon3 45% vs. epsilon2 28%; P < 0.0001; hazard ratio 1.75, 95%CI 1.19-2.57). CONCLUSION The APOEepsilon4 allele shows a robust association with premature MI independent of hypercholesterolaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schmitz
- University Hospital of Aachen, Germany
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Venkataraman P, Langer G, Schmitz F, Perrakis A, Lamzin V. Remote services for model building in macromolecular crystallography. Acta Crystallogr A 2006. [DOI: 10.1107/s010876730609739x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Bulut K, Pennartz C, Felderbauer P, Ansorge N, Banasch M, Schmitz F, Schmidt WE, Hoffmann P. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF164) ameliorates intestinal epithelial injury in vitro in IEC-18 and Caco-2 monolayers via induction of TGF-beta release from epithelial cells. Scand J Gastroenterol 2006; 41:687-92. [PMID: 16716967 DOI: 10.1080/00365520500408634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE VEGF is a glycoprotein with various (e.g. angiogenic) activities. So far, research has focused on its angiogenic properties. VEGF receptors are localized on epithelial cells of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and also on Caco-2 and IEC-18 cells. Our aim was to evaluate the role of VEGF on intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) migration and proliferation by utilizing an established in vitro model. METHODS IEC-18 and Caco-2 monolayers were wounded with a razor blade as described previously. Cells were incubated in medium w/o rat VEGF(164). After 24 h, migration was assessed by counting cells across the wound edge. Migration was blocked with neutralizing TGF-beta(1) antibodies. IEC proliferation was assessed using the MTT (3-[4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) test. Semi-quantitative changes of the TGF-beta(1) mRNA expression were evaluated before and after stimulation of the cells with VEGF(164) by RT-PCR. Statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA and the Wilcoxon test. RESULTS VEGF(164) significantly induced epithelial cell migration in Caco-2 and IEC-18 cells compared to control. TGF-beta(1) antibodies completely abolished this VEGF-induced cell migration. TGF-beta(1) mRNA significantly increased in IEC-18 and Caco-2 cells after stimulation with VEGF. VEGF significantly inhibited epithelial cell proliferation in IEC-18 and in Caco-2 cells, indicating that the observed effects on cell migration were not due to any proliferate effects. CONCLUSION VEGF effects on epithelial cell migration play an important part in epithelial cell restitution by maintaining mucosal homeostasis after mucosal injury. This effect is mediated by TGF-beta(1). Our results obtain another possible role for increased VEGF levels in the intestinal mucosa of patients with IBD as reported recently by others.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bulut
- Department of Medicine I, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany.
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31
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Felderbauer P, Klein W, Bulut K, Ansorge N, Dekomien G, Werner I, Epplen JT, Schmitz F, Schmidt WE. Mutations in the calcium-sensing receptor: a new genetic risk factor for chronic pancreatitis? Scand J Gastroenterol 2006; 41:343-8. [PMID: 16497624 DOI: 10.1080/00365520510024214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In 2003 we identified a family with familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) (heterozygous CASR gene mutation L173P) and a mutation in the pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor gene (SPINK1) (N34S). While family members with an isolated calcium-sensing receptor gene (CASR) mutation remained healthy, a combination of the CASR and SPINK1 gene mutation caused chronic pancreatitis (CP). We thus speculate that the combination of two genetic defects affecting calcium homeostasis and pancreatic enzyme activation might represent a novel approach in chronic inherited pancreatic disease. We therefore sought to explore whether CASR gene mutations were prevalent in a cohort of patients with CP and confirmed SPINK1 mutations. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cohort of 19 families (n=170) with a history of idiopathic CP (ICP) was screened for mutations within the CASR gene; 104 members of that cohort had a mutation (N34S) within the SPINK1 gene and 66 of those were suffering from CP. The entire CASR gene was screened for single strand conformation polymorphism under varying polyacrylamide gel conditions and subjected to direct dideoxy nucleotide sequencing of amplified cDNA. RESULTS Single-strand conformation polymorphisms were observed in 59 samples, clustering of exons 3, 4 and 7. DNA sequence analysis revealed a yet unreported missense mutation in exon 7 (R896H) and two conservative mutations in exon 4 (F391F) and exon 7 (E790E). Furthermore, an intronic polymorphism in nucleotide position 493-19 G>A was detected in 19 out of 170 members of that cohort. CONCLUSIONS We identified three novel calcium-sensing receptor gene mutations (1 missense mutation, 2 silent mutations and 1 intronic polymorphism) in a cohort of 19 families with ICP. In particular, the kindred with the R896H mutation presenting with a similar pedigree to the family described above may indicate a role for CASR gene mutations in SPINK1-related CP. Again, only the patient with the combination of both CASR and N34S SPINK1 gene mutation developed pancreatitis, whereas in the healthy parents and children only an isolated CASR or N34S SPINK1 gene mutation could be detected. We suggest that the CASR gene is a novel yet undetected co-factor in a multifactorial genetic setting of SPINK1-related pancreatitis that alters the susceptibility for pancreatitis in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Felderbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Germany.
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Laïque S, Egrise D, Monclus M, Schmitz F, Garcia C, Lemaire C, Luxen A, Goldman S. L-Amino acid load to enhance PET differentiation between tumor and inflammation: anin vitro study on18F-FET uptake. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 2006; 1:212-20. [PMID: 17193698 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Labeled amino acids (AA) are tumor tracers for use in nuclear medecine. O-(2-[(18)F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET) is transported by the L-system, known to function as an exchanger. In vitro utilization of FET, after a preload or prior to an afterload of non radioactive L-amino acids, was evaluated in order to measure the potential effects of AA content on the distinction between tumor and inflammatory lesions. Cellular uptake of FET was studied on rat osteosarcoma cells (ROS 17/2.8) and human leukocytes, initially loaded with nonradioactive L-tyrosine or L-methionine. FET efflux was evaluated from cells loaded with nonradioactive L-phenylalanine after tracer uptake. ROS 17/2.8 showed a higher sensitivity to preload and afterload effects on cellular FET content as compared with the leukocytes. We conclude that preload with L-tyrosine, prior to the administration of FET, may be a potential procedure to improve PET differentiation between tumor and inflammatory lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Laïque
- PET/Biomedical Cyclotron Unit and Department of Nuclear Medicine, ULB-Hôpital Erasme, 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
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Mukherji D, Pigozzi G, Schmitz F, Näth O, Rösler J, Kostorz G. Nano-structured materials produced from simple metallic alloys by phase separation. Nanotechnology 2005; 16:2176-2187. [PMID: 20817992 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/16/10/034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A method which is able to produce different types of nano-structured materials, namely nano-particles, nano-structured surfaces and nano-porous membranes, from two-phase metallic alloys is reviewed. The new process first establishes nano-structures in the bulk alloy and then separates them by selective phase dissolution. Variation in processing makes it possible to produce different types of nano-structure even from the same alloy. The process can be applied to many different alloy systems. An overview is presented emphasizing the versatility of the process with examples of different nano-structure types that can be produced. Further, the new method is discussed in relation to similar processes (specifically, electrochemical processes) which have been used for nano-structure synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mukherji
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Applied Physics, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Felderbauer P, Hoffmann P, Klein W, Bulut K, Ansorge N, Epplen JT, Schmitz F, Schmidt WE. Identification of a Novel Calcium-Sensing Receptor Gene Mutation Causing Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia by Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism Analysis. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2005; 113:31-4. [PMID: 15662592 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-830523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-sensing receptor gene (CASR) mutations that alter the function of the G protein coupled Ca (2+)-sensing receptor are reported in patients with familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH), autosomal dominant hypocalcemia (ADH), and neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism (NSHPT). In search for novel disease causing mutations in the CASR gene, we screened exons 2 - 7 of the CASR gene of a family with FHH using single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. We identified a novel CASR mutation (c.518 T > C; L173 P) in exon 4 encoding for the extracellular domain of the Ca (2+)-sensing receptor. This region seems to represent a hot spot within the CASR gene with at least 13 reported disease causing mutations thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Felderbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Germany.
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Bulut K, Meier JJ, Ansorge N, Felderbauer P, Schmitz F, Hoffmann P, Schmidt WE, Gallwitz B. Glucagon-like peptide 2 improves intestinal wound healing through induction of epithelial cell migration in vitro—evidence for a TGF-β-mediated effect. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 121:137-43. [PMID: 15256284 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2004.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2003] [Revised: 04/27/2004] [Accepted: 04/29/2004] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS In vitro studies suggest that glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2), secreted from enteroendocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract after food intake, is able to ameliorate mucosal injury in settings of human disease characterized by injury and dysfunction of the intestinal mucosal epithelium. We evaluated this potential of GLP-2 after epithelial trauma by using two in vitro models measuring intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and cell migration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Injuries were induced in confluent monolayers of the small intestinal cells lines IEC-6 and IEC-18, as well as in the colonic cell lines Caco-2 and Colo 320. GLP-2 (50-500 nM) or other peptides were added to the media. Wound healing was investigated after 24 h by quantification of the number of cells migrating across the wound edge. Proliferation of cells was assessed by using photometric mitochondrial incorporation measurement of MTT (3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide). Monoclonal TGF-beta antibodies were added to wounded monolayers to examine whether the GLP-2-induced wound healing was TGF-beta-mediated. RESULTS Migration assessments revealed a significant stimulation of GLP-2-induced migration in IEC-6 and IEC-18 monolayers compared to the placebo group. No effect was observed in the colon cancer cell lines Caco-2 and Colo 320. Results of the proliferation assays show a significant inhibition of proliferation by GLP-2 in small intestinal cell lines whereas a dose-dependent stimulation of proliferation in colonic epithelial cells was observed. Addition of neutralizing TGF-beta1 antibodies to wounded IEC-6 and IEC-18 monolayers incubated with GLP-2 significantly reduced the number of migrating cells to the level of the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS In our in vitro model, it was shown that the GLP-2-induced improvement of intestinal wound healing is TGF-beta-mediated. These effects were predominant in the epithelium of the small intestine compared to colonic epithelium. Our findings provide further insight into mechanisms leading to GLP-2-induced mucosal wound healing. These results suggest that GLP-2 or analogues of this peptide may potentially be useful for the treatment of intestinal disorders characterized by injury and ineffective repair of the intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bulut
- Department of Medicine I, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, D-44791 Bochum, Germany.
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Gross J, Schmitz F, Schnitzler I, Kessler K, Shapiro K, Hommel B, Schnitzler A. Modulation of Long-Range Neural Synchrony Associated with Changes in Visual Attention. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-831992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Felderbauer P, Ritter PR, Mattern D, Schmitz F, Bulut K, Ansorge N, Schmitt-Graeff A, Schmidt WE, Baier JE. Acquired pure megakaryocytic aplasia: a separate haematological disease entity or a syndrome with multiple causes? Eur J Haematol 2004; 72:451-4. [PMID: 15128427 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2004.00241.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a patient with acquired pure megakaryocytic aplasia. Until today, less than 20 cases of acquired pure megakaryocytic aplasia have been reported and the disease aetiology still seems to be unclear. This report summarizes the published data concerning possible aetiologies, treatment options and outcome of patients with acquired pure megakaryocytic aplasia. Furthermore, this case report presents an example for a possible disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Felderbauer
- Department of Medicine I, St Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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Schmitz F, Langkau G, Müller KM. [Inflammatory aortic aneurysm after vascular-prosthetic treatment. Morphological findings after years of incorporation]. Pathologe 2004; 25:120-6. [PMID: 15010997 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-003-0675-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Until now the causal and formal pathogenesis of the inflammatory aortic aneurysm is poorly known. This report shows the pathological- anatomical findings of surgical and autoptical preparations, on the one hand 78 months and on the other hand 82 months, after vascular-prosthetical treatment of inflammatory aneurysms in the abdominal and thoracal part of the aorta. By morphological studies it was possible to reveal, the over years existing disease, the typical picture of inflammatory aneurysm, focal destruction of the genuine aortic wall and partial substitution by inflammatory-fibrous, less qualitative granulation tissue. Even 6 1/2 years past the implantation of the Dacron-prosthesis, there is still no complete ingrown. In addition to the known findings of the transprosthetical organization with a variable development of the outer connective-tissued coat and neointima, the incorporated granulation-tissue was overlapped by a strong inflammation according to the basic disease. In several parts of the inflammatory destructed aortic wall, there is still no fixed incorporation of the prosthesis after 7 years, so that "hypermobile-prosthetic-parts" can be found as a result.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schmitz
- Institut für Pathologie, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Kliniken Bergmannsheil, Universitätsklinik, Bürkel-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
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Abstract
This report describes the pathological-anatomical and immunohistochemical findings of carotid arteries after incorporation of self-expanding metal stents. Ten stent specimens were examined. All specimens displayed variable expression patterns of chronic low-grade foreign body reactions in the vicinity of the incorporated stent struts as characterized by the appearance of CD68-positive macrophages and mainly CD3- and CD45-R0-positive T lymphocytes. Overwhelming proliferations in relation to intimal hyperplasia can be regarded as the main cause of stent-associated vascular restenosis. After a period of 6 months the expression of factor VIII-positive neoendothelial cells on the luminal surface can be detected in individual cases. Reactions of the vascular wall depend on the state of the underlying atherosclerotic lesions prior to stenting. In cases of predominantly atheromatous soft plaques, the typical reaction pattern triggered by the metallic foreign body pressed into vessel tissue can be absent. In summary, the morphological findings show a chronic tissue reaction in response to stent incorporation. In addition, individually differing reaction patterns ranging from discrete inflammatory changes to massive stenoses were identified and documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-M Müller
- Institut für Pathologie an den Berufsgenossenschaftlichen Kliniken Bergmannsheil, Universitätsklinik der Ruhruniversität, Bürkel-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
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Schmitz F, Harrer E, Müller KM. Specific vascular tissue responses after carotid artery stenting. Pathol Res Pract 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0344-0338(04)80548-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ortlepp JR, Schmitz F, Bozoglu T, Hanrath P, Hoffmann R. Cardiovascular risk factors in patients with aortic stenosis predict prevalence of coronary artery disease but not of aortic stenosis: an angiographic pair matched case-control study. Heart 2003; 89:1019-22. [PMID: 12923015 PMCID: PMC1767856 DOI: 10.1136/heart.89.9.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional cardiovascular risk factors have been associated with aortic stenosis and coronary artery disease. As these two conditions often co-exist, the association of cardiovascular risk factors with aortic stenosis may reflect confounding. OBJECTIVE To compare the cardiovascular risk profile in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing elective coronary angiography with that of patients without aortic stenosis or calcification undergoing coronary angiography for suspected coronary artery disease. METHODS 523 patients referred for elective diagnostic left heart catheterisation because of severe aortic stenosis formed the case population; 3925 patients without valve disease referred for elective diagnostic left heart catheterisation formed the base control population. Of the latter, 523 were pair matched to the case population for sex, age, and prevalence of relevant coronary artery disease, forming a pair matched control population. Cardiovascular risk factors (male sex, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, smoking, diabetes mellitus, family history of coronary artery disease) were assessed in all the patients. RESULTS None of the cardiovascular risk factors was more prevalent in patients with aortic stenosis than in the base control population or in the pair matched control population. However, male sex, hypercholesterolaemia, smoking, diabetes mellitus, and a family history of coronary artery disease were significantly associated with the presence of additional coronary artery disease in patients with aortic stenosis. CONCLUSIONS Cardiovascular risk factors are commonly present in patients with aortic stenosis. However, when compared with controls matched for age, sex, and angiographically defined coronary artery disease, no risk factor was significantly associated with the prevalence of aortic stenosis. Thus other factors are likely to be more important in the pathogenesis of aortic stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Ortlepp
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital of Aachen, Germany.
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Ortlepp JR, Metrikat J, Vesper K, Mevissen V, Schmitz F, Albrecht M, Maya-Pelzer P, Hanrath P, Weber C, Zerres K, Hoffmann R. The interleukin-6 promoter polymorphism is associated with elevated leukocyte, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts and reduced physical fitness in young healthy smokers. J Mol Med (Berl) 2003; 81:578-84. [PMID: 12928784 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-003-0471-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2003] [Accepted: 07/07/2003] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Smoking and interleukin-6 are important factors in driving inflammation. This study assessed the relationship between smoking, interleukin-6 genotype, physical fitness, and peripheral blood count in healthy young men. For this interleukin-6 promoter polymorphism -174 genotype-phenotype association study 1,929 healthy German male aviators recruited at the central German Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine were stratified by smoking habits. Cardiovascular fitness was expressed as maximal physical working capacity (PWCmax) in watts per kilogram body weight as assessed by maximal exercise testing by cycle ergometry up to physical exhaustion. Smokers had higher leukocyte and lymphocyte counts than nonsmokers and lower PWCmax. In the overall study population the C allele of the interleukin-6 polymorphism was weakly associated with elevated leukocytes and lymphocytes; in nonsmokers the interleukin-6 polymorphism was not associated with altered phenotypes, but in smokers the interleukin-6 C allele was associated with higher leukocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes and with lower PWCmax. Smoking is thus associated with elevated leukocytes and lymphocytes and with reduced physical fitness. Gene carriers with the interleukin-6 C allele may suffer particularly from cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Ortlepp
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital, University of Technology, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52057, Aachen, Germany.
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Ortlepp JR, Metrikat J, Mevissen V, Schmitz F, Albrecht M, Maya-Pelzer P, Hanrath P, Zerres K, Hoffmann R. Relation between the angiotensinogen (AGT) M235T gene polymorphism and blood pressure in a large, homogeneous study population. J Hum Hypertens 2003; 17:555-9. [PMID: 12874613 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the association of the angiotensinogen M235T polymorphism with arterial blood pressure (BP) at rest and under physical stress in a homogeneous large-scale study population. In all, 1903 men who passed routine medical examination for military flying duty were recruited. BP and heart rate were measured at rest, during, and after bicycle ergometry. Genotyping for the AGT M235T polymorphism was carried out by PCR and RFLP technique. The AGT T235 allele was associated with a significantly higher diastolic BP (n=1903; MM 81+/-8, MT 83+/-7, TT 83+/-8; P=0.003). Pulse pressure (PP) at rest differed significantly between AGT genotypes (n=1903; MM 51+/-10 mmHg, MT 49+/-10 mmHg, TT 49+/-10 mmHg; P=0.001). During physical activity, BP values showed no significant difference between genotypes. In healthy young men, the AGT T235 allele is significantly associated with elevated diastolic BP but also reduced PP at rest. During physical activity, the AGT polymorphism had no impact on blood pressure, indicating the existence of other counteracting mechanisms, which might balance the influence of this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Ortlepp
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital of Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen, Germany.
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Yu HG, Huang JA, Yang YN, Huang H, Luo HS, Yu JP, Meier JJ, Schrader H, Bastian A, Schmidt WE, Schmitz F. The effects of acetylsalicylic acid on proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion of cyclooxygenase-2 negative colon cancer cells. Eur J Clin Invest 2002; 32:838-46. [PMID: 12423325 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2002.01080.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin), the most common nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), has been shown to have a protective effect against the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer. However, the mechanism of its anticancer function remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of acetylsalicylic acid on proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion in human cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) negative colorectal cancer cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS After treatment with various concentrations of ASA, cell proliferation was measured in the human colon cancer cell line SW480. Apoptotic cells were identified by transmission electron microscopy, acridine orange staining, and flow cytometry. The invasive potential of SW480 cells was detected using an in vitro invasion assay. The production of carcinoembryonic antigen was measured by microparticle enzyme immunoassay. Expression of Bcl2, Bax, CD44v6, and nm23 were evaluated by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS ASA significantly inhibited the proliferation of SW480 cells and stimulated apoptosis. Production of carcinoembryonic antigen and the invasive potential of SW480 cells were also inhibited by ASA. After treatment with ASA, down-regulation of Bcl2 and CD44v6 expression and up-regulation of nm23 expression were observed in SW480 cells. No obvious effect of ASA was found on Bax expression. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that ASA inhibits the proliferation and promotes apoptosis in the human colon cancer cell line SW480. Down-regulation of Bcl2 expression might represent a potential mechanism by which ASA induces apoptosis in this COX-2 negative colon cancer cell line. Our results also suggest that ASA decreases the invasive potential of these colon cancer cells. Decreased CEA content and CD44v6 expression and elevated nm23 expression may contribute to the effect of ASA on invasive potential of SW480 colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-G Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, RenMin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Gross J, Timmermann L, Kujala J, Dirks M, Schmitz F, Salmelin R, Schnitzler A. The neural basis of intermittent motor control in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:2299-302. [PMID: 11854526 PMCID: PMC122359 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.032682099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The basic question of whether the human brain controls continuous movements intermittently is still under debate. Here we show that 6- to 9-Hz pulsatile velocity changes of slow finger movements are directly correlated to oscillatory activity in the motor cortex, which is sustained by cerebellar drive through thalamus and premotor cortex. Our findings suggest that coupling of 6- to 9-Hz oscillatory activity in the cerebello-thalamo-cortical loop represents the neural mechanism for the intermittent control of continuous movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gross
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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Otte JM, Chen C, Brunke G, Kiehne K, Schmitz F, Fölsch UR, Herzig KH. Mechanisms of lectin (phytohemagglutinin)-induced growth in small intestinal epithelial cells. Digestion 2002; 64:169-78. [PMID: 11786665 DOI: 10.1159/000048858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The lectin phytohemagglutinin is a mitogen for intestinal epithelial cells in vivo. The mechanisms of action are unknown and were therefore analyzed in vitro. METHODS Human (Intestine-407) and rat (IEC-6; IEC-18) intestinal epithelial cell lines were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin. Proliferation was assayed by (3)H-thymidine incorporation, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) by Western blotting, and induction of c-fos mRNA expression by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction. Control experiments were performed with phenyl-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminide or the tyrosine kinase inhibitor tyrphostin A25. RESULTS Phytohemagglutinin (0.1 microg/ml) significantly stimulated proliferation in all three cell lines after 48-72 h. MAPK activation was detected after 15-30 min, and an induction of c-fos mRNA expression after 15- 30 min of stimulation. Mitogenic effects were blocked by preincubation with phenyl-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminide or tyrphostin A25. CONCLUSION Phytohemagglutinin stimulated proliferation, MAPK activation and induction of c-fos mRNA expression. The lectin may contribute to intestinal mucosal growth and regeneration thereby preventing gut atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Otte
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Christian Albrecht University, Schittenhelmstrasse 12, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
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Goldman S, Schoutens A, Blocklet D, Dumarey N, Egrise D, Lipschutz B, Monclus M, Moreno-Reyes R, Schmitz F, Van Naemen J, Wikler D. [The nuclear medicine department and the TEP/Biomedical Cyclotron unit]. Rev Med Brux 2002; 23 Suppl 2:101-5. [PMID: 12584923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
During the last 25 years, the clinical and experimental activity in nuclear medicine at Erasme hospital has been influenced by the implementation of positron emission tomography (PET) in 1990 as a method of brain functional investigation. The activity of the PET/biomedical cyclotron unit has been dedicated to various subjects in neurology, neurosciences, psychiatry, oncology and cardiology. This has been made possible by developments in radiochemistry. The radiochemistry laboratory has designed and produced original tracers such as 9-[(3-[18F]fluoro-1-hydroxy-2-propoxy)-methyl]guanine (FHPG), a tracer of viral thymidine kinase activity in gene therapy protocols. We have brought new applications of PET, such as its integration into stereotactic neurosurgical and radioneurosurgical techniques in order to improve their diagnostic and therapeutic performance in neurooncology. We have also conducted multiple studies on brain physiology and pathophysiology, in particular with the use of functional and metabolic brain mapping methods and the use of tracers of neurotransmission systems. The Department of nuclear medicine has also performed studies on bone metabolism and investigated in vivo imaging methods of infectious and immune processes.
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Schmitz F, Göke MN, Otte JM, Schrader H, Reimann B, Kruse ML, Siegel EG, Peters J, Herzig KH, Fölsch UR, Schmidt WE. Cellular expression of CCK-A and CCK-B/gastrin receptors in human gastric mucosa. Regul Pept 2001; 102:101-10. [PMID: 11730982 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-0115(01)00307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Gastrin stimulates gastric acid secretion in various species, but the role of the structurally related CCK for the peripheral regulation of acid secretion in humans remains controversial. Moreover, species differences in CCK receptor function and expression have been reported. We therefore sought to identify the cellular targets of CCK and gastrin within the human gastric mucosa in situ. Gastric biopsies were collected from 15 patients without gastric disease. Expression of CCK receptor subtypes was detected in individual cells of the gastric mucosa by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR in situ, immunohistochemistry and confocal laser scanning microscopy, using antisera against the CCK-A or CCK-B/gastrin receptor subtype. Both CCK-A and CCK-B receptors were detected in antral and oxyntic mucosa at the mRNA and protein level. In fundic mucosa, CCK-A receptor mRNA and protein mapped to D cells (37.4+/-7.7). Besides, individual chief cells, mucous neck cells and parietal cells (12.3+/-4.7%) expressed CCK-A receptors. CCK-B/gastrin receptor mRNA and protein were detected in parietal cells (57.4+/-11.1%) and in neuroendocrine cells (33.2+/-4.4%) expressing chromogranin A. Furthermore, epithelial cells within the neck of the gastric gland were found to express the CCK-B/gastrin receptor. We conclude that (i) identification of CCK-A receptors on somatostatin producing D cells in humans provide the anatomical basis for a receptor-mediated mode of action of CCK on somatostatin release and (ii) detection of either CCK receptor subtype in the putative stem cell compartment implies a role of CCK in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis in human gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schmitz
- Department of Medicine I, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University of Bochum, D-44791, Bochum, Germany.
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Abstract
alpha-, beta- Spectrin is ubiquitously distributed in neuronal compartments, i.e. at the plasma membrane of neuronal cell bodies, axonal and dendritic processes, pre- and postsynaptic nerve terminals and around synaptic vesicles, "Brain Res. Bull. 50 (1999) 345". Ultrastructural analyses in the rat retina using the monoclonal antibody AA6, "Hear. Res. 43 (1990) 199", against non-erythroid alpha-spectrin, alphaSPII (spectrin nomenclature according to "Blood 81 (1993) 3173"), revealed that the antibody intensively labeled the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane in virtually all neuronal processes. However, no significant immunolabel was observed at the presynaptic plasma membrane, around synaptic vesicles, at presynaptic densities and synaptic ribbons. Therefore, synaptic non-erythroid alpha-spectrin differs immunologically from extrasynaptic non-erythroid alpha-spectrin. This heterogeneity might contribute to the generation of distinct retinal microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schmitz
- Institute for Anatomy, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Koellikerstrasse 6, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
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Schmitz F, Otte JM, Stechele HU, Reimann B, Banasiewicz T, Fölsch UR, Schmidt WE, Herzig KH. CCK-B/gastrin receptors in human colorectal cancer. Eur J Clin Invest 2001. [PMID: 11589724 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2001.00870.x]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mature amidated gastrin (G17 amide) mediates its effects in the gastrointestinal tract by activating G protein-coupled CCK-B/gastrin receptors. Although trophic actions of gastrin on the gastric mucosa have been well-established, the effect of G17 amide, progastrin and intermediates to colon neoplasia in humans is controversial. While epidemiological evidence from patients with elevated serum gastrin levels related to pernicious anaemia does not support an increased risk for colon cancer, a recent study suggests that prolonged hypergastrinaemia is associated with an increased risk for colon cancer. The extent to which trophic actions of gastrin in colorectal cancer are mediated by functional gastrin receptors remains to be defined. The aim of the present study was to determine CCK-B/gastrin receptor expression, structure, and function in 79 patients with colon cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS CCK-B/gastrin receptor cDNAs were isolated from 79 human colorectal cancer specimens and 15 control tissues, subcloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pCR3.1 and subjected to DNA sequence analysis. Wild-type and mutant cDNAs were transiently expressed in COS-7 cells to determine ligand affinities by 125I-labelled CCK-8S competition binding. Activation of the MAP kinase signalling cascade by G17 amide was determined in transfected Colo 320 cells expressing the wild-type or mutant CCK-B/gastrin receptors. Clonal expansion of single cells was quantified in transfected Colo 320 cells. RESULTS Gastrin mRNA is expressed in 44% of colorectal cancers and in 13% of control tissues. CCK-B/gastrin receptor mRNA is expressed in 38% of colorectal cancers and 13% of normal colonic tissue. Co-expression of gastrin and CCK-B/gastrin receptor message is significantly increased in colorectal cancer specimens (32% vs. 0%). There is no correlation between CCK-B/gastrin receptor expression and disease stage or histological grading. DNA sequence analysis revealed one spontaneous CCK-B/gastrin receptor mutation within the third intracellular loop with an exchange of valine-287 for phenylalanine. Pharmacological characterisation of the 287V --> F CCK-B/gastrin receptor reveals wild-type affinities for G17 amide, glycine-extended gastrin, CCK-8S and L-365,260. Mutation 287V --> F is associated with a loss of gastrin-induced MAPK p44/p42 signalling in Colo 320 cells while clonal expansion from single cells is increased by 53.1 +/- 15.9% when compared to Colo 320 cells expressing wild-type CCK-B/gastrin receptors. CONCLUSIONS Structural alterations of CCK-B/gastrin receptors may account for increased growth-promoting effects of amidated gastrins in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schmitz
- Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany.
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