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McMillan D, Brown D, Rieger K, Duncan G, Plouffe J, Amadi C, Jafri S. Patient and family perceptions of a discharge bedside board. PEC Innov 2023; 3:100214. [PMID: 37743957 PMCID: PMC10514555 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecinn.2023.100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Objective To explore patient and family perspectives of a discharge bedside board for supporting engagement in patient care and discharge planning to inform tool revision. Methods This qualitative descriptive study included 45 semi-structured interviews with a purposeful sample of English-speaking patients (n = 44; mean age 58.5 years) and their family members (n = 5) across seven adult inpatient units at a tertiary acute care hospital in mid-western Canada. Thematic (interviews), content (board, organization procedure document), and framework-guided integrated (all data) analyses were performed. Results Four themes were generated from interview data: understanding the board, included essential information to guide care, balancing information on the board, and maintaining a sense of connection. Despite application inconsistencies, documented standard procedures aligned with recommended board (re)orientation, timely patient-friendly content, attention to privacy, and patient-provider engagement strategies. Conclusion Findings indicate the tool supported consultation and some involvement level engagement in patient care and discharge. Board information was usually valued, however, perceived procedural gaps in tool education, privacy, and the quality of tool-related communication offer opportunities to strengthen patients' and families' tool experience. Innovation Novel application of a continuum engagement framework in the exploration of multiple data sources generated significant insights to guide tool revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.E. McMillan
- College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
- Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - D.B. Brown
- Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - K.L. Rieger
- College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - G. Duncan
- Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - J. Plouffe
- Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - C.C. Amadi
- College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - S. Jafri
- College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
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2
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Fernandez-Tejero N, Sanchez AN, Ghemrawi M, Bilodeau C, Etim S, Duncan G, Cochran M, McCord B. A study of the potential application of digital PCR in the detection of fecal contamination of strawberries using Bacteroides markers. J Microbiol Methods 2023; 212:106811. [PMID: 37611849 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2023.106811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Food-borne illnesses can result from contamination of agricultural products. In this study, we examined nanoplate digital PCR (dPCR) to test for fecal contamination of agricultural products. In nanoplate technique, the PCR mastermix is divided into 8.526,000 partitions, providing direct detection of individual DNA molecules, with correction by Poisson distribution. In this project, strawberries were inoculated with fecal material from animals, and the result detected by nanoplate digital PCR. A detection limit of 250 fg/uL was determined. Overall, dPCR offers a quick and sensitive method to detect contaminated produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Fernandez-Tejero
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States of America
| | - Alyssa N Sanchez
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States of America
| | - Mirna Ghemrawi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States of America
| | - Catherine Bilodeau
- Nova Southeastern University, Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Dania Beach, FL 33004, United States of America
| | - Sylvia Etim
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States of America
| | - George Duncan
- Nova Southeastern University, Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Dania Beach, FL 33004, United States of America
| | - Matt Cochran
- Cross-Border Threat Screening and Supply Chain Defense, Texas A&M University System, Brazos, TX 77843, United States of America
| | - Bruce McCord
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States of America.
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Ghemrawi M, Tejero NF, Duncan G, McCord B. Pyrosequencing: Current forensic methodology and future applications-a review. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:298-312. [PMID: 36168852 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of small, single-amplicon-based benchtop systems for pyrosequencing has opened up a host of novel procedures for applications in forensic science. Pyrosequencing is a sequencing by synthesis technique, based on chemiluminescent inorganic pyrophosphate detection. This review explains the pyrosequencing workflow and illustrates the step-by-step chemistry, followed by a description of the assay design and factors to keep in mind for an exemplary assay. Existing and potential forensic applications are highlighted using this technology. Current applications include identifying species, identifying bodily fluids, and determining smoking status. We also review progress in potential applications for the future, including research on distinguishing monozygotic twins, detecting alcohol and drug abuse, and other phenotypic characteristics such as diet and body mass index. Overall, the versatility of the pyrosequencing technologies renders it a useful tool in forensic genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Ghemrawi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Nicole Fernandez Tejero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - George Duncan
- Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, Florida, USA
| | - Bruce McCord
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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4
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Schrag A, Carroll C, Duncan G, Molloy S, Grover L, Hunter R, Brown R, Freemantle N, Whipps J, Serfaty MA, Lewis G. Antidepressants Trial in Parkinson's Disease (ADepT-PD): protocol for a randomised placebo-controlled trial on the effectiveness of escitalopram and nortriptyline on depressive symptoms in Parkinson's disease. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:474. [PMID: 36510237 PMCID: PMC9743717 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02988-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms are common in patients with Parkinson's disease and depression is a significant predictor of functional impairment, reduced quality of life and general well-being in Parkinson's disease. Despite the high prevalence of depression, evidence on the effectiveness and tolerability of antidepressants in this population is limited. The primary aim of this trial is to establish the clinical and cost effectiveness of escitalopram and nortriptyline for the treatment of depression in Parkinson's disease. METHODS This is a multi-centre, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial in 408 people with Parkinson's disease with subsyndromal depression, major depressive disorder or persistent depressive disorder and a Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) score of 14 or above. Participants will be randomised into one of three groups, receiving either escitalopram, nortriptyline or placebo for 12 months. Trial participation is face-to-face, hybrid or remote. The primary outcome measure is the BDI-II score following 8 weeks of treatment. Secondary outcomes will be collected at baseline, 8, 26 and 52 weeks and following withdrawal, including severity of anxiety and depression scores as well as Parkinson's disease motor severity, and ratings of non-motor symptoms, cognitive function, health-related quality of life, levodopa-equivalence dose, changes in medication, overall clinical effectiveness, capability, health and social care resource use, carer health-related quality of life, adverse effects and number of dropouts. DISCUSSION This trial aims to determine the effectiveness of escitalopram and nortriptyline for reducing depressive symptoms in Parkinson's disease over 8 weeks, to provide information on the effect of these medications on anxiety and other non-motor symptoms in PD and on impact on patients and caregivers, and to examine their effect on change in motor severity. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03652870 Date of registration - 29th August 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schrag
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK ,grid.437485.90000 0001 0439 3380Department of Neurology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - C Carroll
- grid.11201.330000 0001 2219 0747Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - G Duncan
- grid.39489.3f0000 0001 0388 0742NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Molloy
- grid.417895.60000 0001 0693 2181Department of Neurosciences, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - L Grover
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - R Hunter
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - R Brown
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - N Freemantle
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Whipps
- PPI Representative, Plymouth, UK
| | - M. A Serfaty
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, UCL, London, UK ,Priory Hospital North London, London, UK
| | - G Lewis
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, UCL, London, UK
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Ghemrawi M, Fischinger F, Duncan G, Dukes MJ, Guilliano M, McCord B. Developmental validation of SpeID: A pyrosequencing-based assay for species identification. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2021; 55:102560. [PMID: 34507077 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2021.102560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In crime scenes, biological exhibits are often human in origin, yet biological stains from other fauna may also be present at a crime scene, creating confusion during an investigation. Furthermore, identifying the source of a biological sample can be critical during an investigation. To identify the presence of biological material from non-human sources, it is common to use genetic markers within mitochondrial DNA such as cytochrome b, 16S rRNA, and 12S rRNA genes. This process usually requires DNA sequencing, a process that is neither quick nor easy. In general, a faster, more standardized method for species identification from tissue and body fluids is desirable.For this reason, we have developed a vertebrate specific real-time quantitation method that is followed by an automated pyrosequencing-based procedure that sequences a short fragment within the 12S rRNA gene. Using no more than 35 bases, the assay can distinguish between 32 different species commonly found in and around a household with a turnaround time of 6 h from extraction to sequencing. -Using this procedure, up to 48 samples can be run at a time without the need for expensive reagents or bioinformatic skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Ghemrawi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | | | - George Duncan
- Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, Fl 33004, United State
| | | | | | - Bruce McCord
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States.
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6
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Daud N, Watt O, Currie V, Duncan G, Russell W, Gratz S. Microbiota release of bound mycotoxins contributes to human exposure: in vitro and in vivo evidence. Toxicol Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(21)00776-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Antunes J, Gauthier Q, Aguiar-Pulido V, Duncan G, McCord B. A data-driven, high-throughput methodology to determine tissue-specific differentially methylated regions able to discriminate body fluids. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1168-1176. [PMID: 33570172 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-specific differentially methylated regions (tDMRs) are regions of the genome with methylation patterns that modulate gene expression in those tissue types. The detection of tDMRs in forensic evidence can permit the identification of body fluids at trace levels. In this report, we have performed a bioinformatic analysis of an existing array dataset to determine if new tDMRs could be identified for use in body fluid identification from forensic evidence. Once these sites were identified, primers were designed and bisulfite modification was performed. The relative methylation level for each body fluid at a given locus was then determined using qPCR with high-resolution melt analysis (HRM). After screening 127 tDMR's in multiple body fluids, we were able to identify four new markers able to discriminate blood (2 markers), vaginal epithelia (1 marker) and buccal cells (1 marker). One marker for each target body fluid was also tested with pyrosequencing showing results consistent with those obtained by HRM. This work successfully demonstrates the ability of in silico analysis to develop a novel set of tDMRs capable of being differentiated by real time PCR/HRM. The method can rapidly determine the body fluids left at crime scenes, assisting the triers of fact in forensic casework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Antunes
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | - Vanessa Aguiar-Pulido
- Department of Computer Science, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Miami, United States
| | - George Duncan
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Bruce McCord
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
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8
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Young B, Marciano M, Crenshaw K, Duncan G, Armogida L, McCord B. Match statistics for sequence-based alleles in profiles from forensic PCR-mps kits. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:756-765. [PMID: 33314164 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The first autosomal sequence-based allele (aka SNP-STR haplotype) frequency database for forensic massively parallel sequencing (MPS) has been published, thereby removing one of the remaining barriers to implementing MPS in casework. The database was developed using a specific set of flank trim sites. If different trim sites or different kits with different primers are used for casework, then SNP-STR haplotypes may be detected that do not have frequencies in the database. We describe a procedure to address calculation of match probabilities when casework samples are generated using an MPS kit with different trim sites than those present in the relevant population frequency database. The procedure provides a framework for comparison of any MPS kit or database combination while also accommodating comparison of MPS and CE profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Marciano
- Forensic & National Security Sciences Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Karin Crenshaw
- Broward County Sheriff's Office, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - George Duncan
- Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | | | - Bruce McCord
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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9
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Ghemrawi M, Torres AR, Duncan G, Colwell R, Dadlani M, McCord B. The genital microbiome and its potential for detecting sexual assault. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2020; 51:102432. [PMID: 33307384 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2020.102432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Since its inception, the Human Microbiome Project (HMP) has provided key discoveries that can be applied to forensics, in addition to those of obvious medical value. Whether for postmortem interval estimation, geolocation, or human identification, there are many applications of the microbiome as an investigative lead for forensic casework. The human skin microbiome has shown great potential for use in studies of transfer and human identification, however there has been little focus on the genital microbiome, in particular penile skin which differs from other body sites. Our preliminary data on both the penile and vaginal microbiome demonstrates potential value in cases of sexual assault. In this study we describe genital microbial signatures based on the analysis of five male and five female genital samples and compare these results to those from longitudinal studies. Selected taxa, e.g., Gardnerella, Lactobacilli, Finegoldia, Peptoniphilus, and Anaerococci, are shown to be candidate constituents of the genital microbiome that merit investigation for use in sexual assault casework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Ghemrawi
- Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | | | - George Duncan
- Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale-Davie, FL 33314, United States
| | - Rita Colwell
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, United States
| | | | - Bruce McCord
- Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States.
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Hampton-Marcell JT, Larsen P, Anton T, Cralle L, Sangwan N, Lax S, Gottel N, Salas-Garcia M, Young C, Duncan G, Lopez JV, Gilbert JA. Detecting personal microbiota signatures at artificial crime scenes. Forensic Sci Int 2020; 313:110351. [PMID: 32559614 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
When mapped to the environments we interact with on a daily basis, the 36 million microbial cells per hour that humans emit leave a trail of evidence that can be leveraged for forensic analysis. We employed 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to map unique microbial sequence variants between human skin and building surfaces in three experimental conditions: over time during controlled and uncontrolled incidental interactions with a door handle, and during multiple mock burglaries in ten real residences. We demonstrate that humans (n = 30) leave behind microbial signatures that can be used to track interaction with various surfaces within a building, but the likelihood of accurately detecting the specific burglar for a given home was between 20-25%. Also, the human microbiome contains rare microbial taxa that can be combined to create a unique microbial profile, which when compared to 600 other individuals can improve our ability to link an individual 'burglar' to a residence. In total, 5512 discriminating, non-singleton unique exact sequence variants (uESVs) were identified as unique to an individual, with a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 568, suggesting some people maintain a greater degree of unique taxa compared to our population of 600. Approximate 60-77% of the unique exact sequence variants originated from the hands of participants, and these microbial discriminators spanned 36 phyla but were dominated by the Proteobacteria (34%). A fitted regression generated to determine whether an intruder's uESVs found on door handles in an office decayed over time in the presence or absence of office workers, found no significant shift in proportion of uESVs over time irrespective of the presence of office workers. While it was possible to detect the correct burglars' microbiota as having contributed to the invaded space, the predictions were very weak in comparison to accepted forensic standards. This suggests that at this time 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of the built environment microbiota cannot be used as a reliable trace evidence standard for criminal investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrad T Hampton-Marcell
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Peter Larsen
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, United States
| | - Tifani Anton
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, United States
| | - Lauren Cralle
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Naseer Sangwan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Simon Lax
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Neil Gottel
- Department of Pediatrics and Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mariana Salas-Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics and Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Candace Young
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Engineering Studies, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - George Duncan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Jose V Lopez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Jack A Gilbert
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, United States; Department of Pediatrics and Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Deshmukh S, Inci F, Karaaslan MG, Ogut MG, Duncan D, Klevan L, Duncan G, Demirci U. A confirmatory test for sperm in sexual assault samples using a microfluidic-integrated cell phone imaging system. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2020; 48:102313. [PMID: 32570000 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2020.102313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and efficient processing of sexual assault evidence to accelerate forensic investigation and decrease casework backlogs is urgently needed. Therefore, the standardized protocols currently used in forensic laboratories can benefit from continued innovation to handle the increasing number and complexity of samples being submitted to forensic labs. To our knowledge, there is currently no available rapid and portable forensic screening technology based on a confirmatory test for sperm identification in a sexual assault kit. Here, we present a novel forensic sample screening tool, i.e., a microchip integrated with a portable cell phone imaging platform that records and processes images for further investigation and storage. The platform (i) precisely and rapidly screens swab samples (<15 min after sample preparation on-chip); (ii) selectively captures sperm from mock sexual assault samples using a novel and previously published SLeX-based surface chemistry treatment (iii) separates non-sperm contents (epithelial cells and debris in this case) out of the channel by flow prior to imaging; (iv) captures cell phone images on a portable cellphone-integrated imaging platform, (v) quantitatively differentiates sperm cells from epithelial cells, using a morphology detection code that leverages Laplacian of Gaussian and Hough gradient transform methods; (vi) is sensitive within a forensic cut-off (>95% accuracy) compared to the manual counts; (vii) provides a cost-effective and timely solution to a problem which in the past has taken a great deal of time; and (viii) handles small volumes of sample (20 μL). This integration of the cellphone imaging platform and cell recognition algorithms with disposable microchips can be a new direction toward a direct visual test to screen and differentiate sperm from epithelial cell types in forensic samples for a crime laboratory scenario. With further development, this integrated platform could assist a sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) in a hospital or sexual assault treatment center facility to flag sperm-containing samples prior to further downstream testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Deshmukh
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine Labs, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Schools of Engineering and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Fatih Inci
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine Labs, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Merve Goksin Karaaslan
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine Labs, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mehmet Giray Ogut
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine Labs, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Derek Duncan
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine Labs, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | - George Duncan
- Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, United States
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine Labs, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
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McCord B, Gauthier Q, Alghanim H, Antunes J, Fernandez Tejero N, Duncan G, Balamurugan K. Applications of epigenetic methylation in body fluid identification, age determination and phenotyping. Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2019.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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13
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Nicoll K, Bartrop C, Walsh S, Foster R, Duncan G, Payne C, Carden C. Malignant transformation of tailgut cysts is significantly higher than previously reported: systematic review of cases in the literature. Colorectal Dis 2019; 21:869-878. [PMID: 30932326 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The best treatment for tailgut cysts has not been firmly established. We report a systematic review of the cases in the available literature in order to provide an evidence base for treatment. METHOD A systematic search of articles wholly or partly in English was made of PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar; additional studies were discovered by searching reference lists and contacting authors directly. Search terms 'tailgut cyst', 'tail gut cyst', 'retrorectal hamartoma' and 'retrorectal tumour' were used for case reports or case series; no publication date restrictions were imposed. Only studies with histological confirmation of diagnosis and reporting the age and gender of patients were included. Papers were excluded by consensus between the first two authors. RESULTS A total of 196 individual cases were analysed in detail including 51 cases of neoplasia. The overall rate of neoplastic transformation was 26.6%. Although the male:female cyst incidence ratio was 1:4, men over 18 had a significantly greater relative risk of neoplasm at 1.94 (P = 0.0055). Radiological evidence of nodular thickening of the cyst wall significantly increased the relative risk of the presence of cancer (P = 0.0023). CONCLUSIONS Current orthodoxy that these are not dangerous embryological remnants is unfounded and may be false. The available data suggest the risk of malignant transformation is high and will apply to any residual tissue after excision. The same rationale behind total mesorectal excision in rectal cancer applies to tailgut cysts. Consequently they should be resected with similar oncological margins.
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14
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McCord BR, Gauthier Q, Cho S, Roig MN, Gibson-Daw GC, Young B, Taglia F, Zapico SC, Mariot RF, Lee SB, Duncan G. Forensic DNA Analysis. Anal Chem 2019; 91:673-688. [PMID: 30485738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce R McCord
- Department of Chemistry , Florida International University , Miami , Florida 33199 , United States
| | - Quentin Gauthier
- Department of Chemistry , Florida International University , Miami , Florida 33199 , United States
| | - Sohee Cho
- Department of Forensic Medicine , Seoul National University , Seoul , 08826 , South Korea
| | - Meghan N Roig
- Department of Chemistry , Florida International University , Miami , Florida 33199 , United States
| | - Georgiana C Gibson-Daw
- Department of Chemistry , Florida International University , Miami , Florida 33199 , United States
| | - Brian Young
- Niche Vision, Inc. , Akron , Ohio 44311 , United States
| | - Fabiana Taglia
- Department of Chemistry , Florida International University , Miami , Florida 33199 , United States
| | - Sara C Zapico
- Department of Chemistry , Florida International University , Miami , Florida 33199 , United States
| | - Roberta Fogliatto Mariot
- Department of Chemistry , Florida International University , Miami , Florida 33199 , United States
| | - Steven B Lee
- Forensic Science Program, Justice Studies Department , San Jose State University , San Jose , California 95192 , United States
| | - George Duncan
- Department of Chemistry , Florida International University , Miami , Florida 33199 , United States
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15
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Inci F, Ozen MO, Saylan Y, Miansari M, Cimen D, Dhara R, Chinnasamy T, Yuksekkaya M, Filippini C, Kumar DK, Calamak S, Yesil Y, Durmus NG, Duncan G, Klevan L, Demirci U. A Novel On-Chip Method for Differential Extraction of Sperm in Forensic Cases. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2018; 5:1800121. [PMID: 30250782 PMCID: PMC6145299 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
One out of every six American women has been the victim of a sexual assault in their lifetime. However, the DNA casework backlog continues to increase outpacing the nation's capacity since DNA evidence processing in sexual assault casework remains a bottleneck due to laborious and time-consuming differential extraction of victim's and perpetrator's cells. Additionally, a significant amount (60-90%) of male DNA evidence may be lost with existing procedures. Here, a microfluidic method is developed that selectively captures sperm using a unique oligosaccharide sequence (Sialyl-LewisX), a major carbohydrate ligand for sperm-egg binding. This method is validated with forensic mock samples dating back to 2003, resulting in 70-92% sperm capture efficiency and a 60-92% reduction in epithelial fraction. Captured sperm are then lysed on-chip and sperm DNA is isolated. This method reduces assay-time from 8 h to 80 min, providing an inexpensive alternative to current differential extraction techniques, accelerating identification of suspects and advancing public safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Inci
- Bio‐Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) LaboratoryCanary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early DetectionDepartment of RadiologyStanford School of MedicineStanford UniversityPalo AltoCA94304USA
| | - Mehmet O. Ozen
- Bio‐Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) LaboratoryCanary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early DetectionDepartment of RadiologyStanford School of MedicineStanford UniversityPalo AltoCA94304USA
| | - Yeseren Saylan
- Bio‐Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) LaboratoryCanary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early DetectionDepartment of RadiologyStanford School of MedicineStanford UniversityPalo AltoCA94304USA
| | - Morteza Miansari
- Bio‐Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) LaboratoryCanary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early DetectionDepartment of RadiologyStanford School of MedicineStanford UniversityPalo AltoCA94304USA
| | - Duygu Cimen
- Bio‐Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) LaboratoryCanary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early DetectionDepartment of RadiologyStanford School of MedicineStanford UniversityPalo AltoCA94304USA
| | - Raghu Dhara
- Bio‐Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) LaboratoryCanary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early DetectionDepartment of RadiologyStanford School of MedicineStanford UniversityPalo AltoCA94304USA
| | - Thiruppathiraja Chinnasamy
- Bio‐Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) LaboratoryCanary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early DetectionDepartment of RadiologyStanford School of MedicineStanford UniversityPalo AltoCA94304USA
| | - Mehmet Yuksekkaya
- Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Chiara Filippini
- Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Deepan Kishore Kumar
- Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Semih Calamak
- Bio‐Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) LaboratoryCanary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early DetectionDepartment of RadiologyStanford School of MedicineStanford UniversityPalo AltoCA94304USA
| | - Yusuf Yesil
- Bio‐Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) LaboratoryCanary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early DetectionDepartment of RadiologyStanford School of MedicineStanford UniversityPalo AltoCA94304USA
| | - Naside Gozde Durmus
- Department of BiochemistryStanford UniversityStanford Genome Technology CenterPalo AltoCA94304USA
| | - George Duncan
- Crime LaboratoryBroward County Sheriff's OfficeFort LauderdaleFL33301USA
| | | | - Utkan Demirci
- Bio‐Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) LaboratoryCanary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early DetectionDepartment of RadiologyStanford School of MedicineStanford UniversityPalo AltoCA94304USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering (by courtesy)Stanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
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16
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Bright JA, Richards R, Kruijver M, Kelly H, McGovern C, Magee A, McWhorter A, Ciecko A, Peck B, Baumgartner C, Buettner C, McWilliams S, McKenna C, Gallacher C, Mallinder B, Wright D, Johnson D, Catella D, Lien E, O’Connor C, Duncan G, Bundy J, Echard J, Lowe J, Stewart J, Corrado K, Gentile S, Kaplan M, Hassler M, McDonald N, Hulme P, Oefelein RH, Montpetit S, Strong M, Noël S, Malsom S, Myers S, Welti S, Moretti T, McMahon T, Grill T, Kalafut T, Greer-Ritzheimer M, Beamer V, Taylor DA, Buckleton JS. Internal validation of STRmix™ – A multi laboratory response to PCAST. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2018; 34:11-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Comar C, Duncan G, Miller KW. FlipTube™ technology promotes clean manipulation of forensic samples on automated robotic workstations. Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Chin SC, Weir-McCall JR, Yeap PM, White RD, Budak MJ, Duncan G, Oliver TB, Zealley IA. Evidence-based anatomical review areas derived from systematic analysis of cases from a radiological departmental discrepancy meeting. Clin Radiol 2017; 72:902.e1-902.e12. [PMID: 28687168 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To produce short checklists of specific anatomical review sites for different regions of the body based on the frequency of radiological errors reviewed at radiology discrepancy meetings, thereby creating "evidence-based" review areas for radiology reporting. MATERIALS AND METHODS A single centre discrepancy database was retrospectively reviewed from a 5-year period. All errors were classified by type, modality, body system, and specific anatomical location. Errors were assigned to one of four body regions: chest, abdominopelvic, central nervous system (CNS), and musculoskeletal (MSK). Frequencies of errors in anatomical locations were then analysed. RESULTS There were 561 errors in 477 examinations; 290 (46%) errors occurred in the abdomen/pelvis, 99 (15.7%) in the chest, 117 (18.5%) in the CNS, and 125 (19.9%) in the MSK system. In each body system, the five most common location were chest: lung bases on computed tomography (CT), apices on radiography, pulmonary vasculature, bones, and mediastinum; abdominopelvic: vasculature, colon, kidneys, liver, and pancreas; CNS: intracranial vasculature, peripheral cerebral grey matter, bone, parafalcine, and the frontotemporal lobes surrounding the Sylvian fissure; and MSK: calvarium, sacrum, pelvis, chest, and spine. CONCLUSION The five listed locations accounted for >50% of all perceptual errors suggesting an avenue for focused review at the end of reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Chin
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Ninewells Avenue, Dundee, Tayside, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK.
| | - J R Weir-McCall
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Ninewells Avenue, Dundee, Tayside, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - P M Yeap
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Ninewells Avenue, Dundee, Tayside, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - R D White
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Ninewells Avenue, Dundee, Tayside, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK; Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, UK
| | - M J Budak
- Gold Coast Radiology, Queensland, Australia
| | - G Duncan
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Ninewells Avenue, Dundee, Tayside, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - T B Oliver
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Ninewells Avenue, Dundee, Tayside, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - I A Zealley
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Ninewells Avenue, Dundee, Tayside, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK
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19
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Tyldesley S, Parimi S, Tsang E, Bachand F, Aparicio M, Duncan G, Sunderland K, Olson R, Pai H, Alexander A, Lapointe V, Chi K. EP-1359: Pain response in a Population-based study of Radium-223 for Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)31794-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a significant problem and it is vital to understand its underlying causes and related policy implications. Neighborhood characteristics are implicated in depression but the nature of this association is unclear. Unobserved or unmeasured factors may confound the relationship. This study addresses confounding in a twin study investigating neighborhood-level effects on depression controlling for genetics, common environment, and gene×environment (G × E) interactions. METHOD Data on neighborhood deprivation and depression were gathered from 3155 monozygotic twin pairs and 1275 dizygotic pairs (65.7% female) between 2006 and 2013. The variance for both depression and neighborhood deprivation was decomposed into three components: additive genetic variance (A); shared environmental variance (C); and non-shared environmental variance (E). Depression was then regressed on neighborhood deprivation to test the direct association and whether that association was confounded. We also tested for a G × E interaction in which the heritability of depression was modified by the level of neighborhood deprivation. RESULTS Depression and neighborhood deprivation showed evidence of significant A (21.8% and 15.9%, respectively) and C (13.9% and 32.7%, respectively) variance. Depression increased with increasing neighborhood deprivation across all twins (p = 0.009), but this regression was not significant after controlling for A and C variance common to both phenotypes (p = 0.615). The G × E model showed genetic influences on depression increasing with increasing neighborhood deprivation (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Neighborhood deprivation is an important contributor to depression via increasing the genetic risk. Modifiable pathways that link neighborhoods to depression have been proposed and should serve as targets for intervention and research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G. Duncan
- Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - E. Horn
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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21
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Rossit S, Benwell CSY, Szymanek L, Learmonth G, McKernan-Ward L, Corrigan E, Muir K, Reeves I, Duncan G, Birschel P, Roberts M, Livingstone K, Jackson H, Castle P, Harvey M. Efficacy of home-based visuomotor feedback training in stroke patients with chronic hemispatial neglect. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2017; 29:251-272. [DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2016.1273119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Laura McKernan-Ward
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Keith Muir
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ian Reeves
- Department of Medicine for the Elderly, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - George Duncan
- Department of Medicine for the Elderly, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Philip Birschel
- Department of Medicine for the Elderly, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Margaret Roberts
- Department of Medicine for the Elderly, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Katrina Livingstone
- Stroke Discharge and Rehabilitation Team, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hazel Jackson
- Stroke Discharge and Rehabilitation Team, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Monika Harvey
- School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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22
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Abstract
Tri-axial accelerometery has recently been shown to produce reliable gait parameters in normal subjects. This study reports the use of this device in patients with pathological gait. Thirty-three patients with a variety of mobility-limiting disorders were studied. All patients were independently mobile with or without a walking aid. Gait was recorded by attaching the tri-axial accelerometer over the patient's sacrum with the patient walking at their usual pace along a 6m path. Gait speed was measured in all 33 patients and ranged from 0.11 m/s to 0.82m/s. Gait parameters could not be calculated in eight patients. In the remaining 25 patients, gait cycle time, cadence, stride length and mean right and left step times could be calculated. Interobserver variation was 2%. Comparison of right and left step times enabled lateralization of the gait abnormality. This portable technique allows rapid qualitative and quantitative assessment of gait within a normal ward environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - GD Currie
- Department of Clinical Physics and Bio-Engineering, West of Scotland Health Boards
| | - AL Evans
- Department of Clinical Physics and Bio-Engineering, West of Scotland Health Boards
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23
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Antunes J, Silva DS, Balamurugan K, Duncan G, Alho CS, McCord B. Forensic discrimination of vaginal epithelia by DNA methylation analysis through pyrosequencing. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:2751-2758. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Antunes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Florida International University; Miami FL USA
| | - Deborah S.B.S. Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Florida International University; Miami FL USA
- Faculty of Biosciences; Laboratory of Human and Molecular Genetics; PUCRS; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | | | - George Duncan
- DNA Laboratory; Broward County Sheriff's Office; Fort Lauderdale FL USA
| | - Clarice S. Alho
- Faculty of Biosciences; Laboratory of Human and Molecular Genetics; PUCRS; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Bruce McCord
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Florida International University; Miami FL USA
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24
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Abstract
In certain circumstances the outcome of a trial may hinge on the ability of a forensic laboratory to determine the identity of biological stains present at crime scenes. An example of such a situation would be the detection of blood, saliva, vaginal fluid, or other body fluid in a specific location whereby its presence would reinforce the victim's or suspect's version of the events that happened during the commission of a crime. However, current serological methods used for identifying body fluids may lack the sensitivity and specificity to identify these fluids, particularly for trace levels. New procedures using proteomic methods and RNA-based gene expression show promise in addressing this issue; however, concerns about stability and relative levels of gene expression remain. An alternative approach is to utilize patterns of epigenetic DNA methylation. DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that regulates the specificity of genes being expressed or silenced in cells. Regions in the human genome referred to as tissue-specific differentially methylated regions account for unique patterns of DNA methylation that are specific for each cell type. This chapter addresses the application of bisulfite-modified PCR combined with Pyrosequencing(®) to detect tissue-specific DNA methylation patterns and perform trace serological analysis. The quantitative nature and precision available with Pyrosequencing presents major advantages in these studies as it permits detection of and contrast between cells with differential levels of methylation. The procedure can be applied to a variety of biological fluids which may be present at crime scenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Antunes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
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25
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Silva DSBS, Antunes J, Balamurugan K, Duncan G, Alho CS, McCord B. Developmental validation studies of epigenetic DNA methylation markers for the detection of blood, semen and saliva samples. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2016; 23:55-63. [PMID: 27010659 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Determining the type and origin of body fluids in a forensic investigation can provide important assistance in reconstructing crime scenes. A set of epigenetic markers, ZC3H12D, BCAS4 and cg06379435, have been developed to produce unique and specific patterns of DNA methylation that can be used to identify semen, saliva, and blood, respectively. To ensure the efficacy of these markers, developmental validation studies were performed to determine the conditions and limitations of this new tool for forensic analysis. DNA was extracted from human samples and bisulfite modified using commercial bisulfite modification kits. Specific primers were used to amplify the region of interest and the methylation profile of the CpG sites were determined by pyrosequencing. The percent methylation values at each CpG site were determined in multiple samples and averaged for each tissue type. The versatility of these new markers is presented by showing the results of validation studies on sensitivity, human specificity, stability and mixture resolution. When testing the markers using different organisms, we did obtain positive results for certain non-human primate samples, however, all other tested species were negative. The lowest concentration consistently detected varied from 0.1 to 10ng, depending on the locus, indicating the importance of primer design and sequence in the assay. The method also proved to be effective when inhibitors were present in the samples or when samples were degraded by heat. Simulated case- samples were also tested. In the case of mixtures of different cell types, the overall methylation values varied in a consistent and predictable manner when multiple cell types were present in the same sample. Overall, the validation studies demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of this new tool for body fluid identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah S B S Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA; Faculty of Biosciences, Laboratory of Human and Molecular Genetics, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Joana Antunes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - George Duncan
- DNA Laboratory, Broward County Sheriff's Office, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Clarice S Alho
- Faculty of Biosciences, Laboratory of Human and Molecular Genetics, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruce McCord
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
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26
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McNamara KP, O'Reilly SL, George J, Peterson GM, Jackson SL, Duncan G, Howarth H, Dunbar JA. Intervention fidelity for a complex behaviour change intervention in community pharmacy addressing cardiovascular disease risk. Health Educ Res 2015; 30:897-909. [PMID: 26471920 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyv050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention programs by community pharmacists appears effective and enhances health service access. However, their capacity to implement complex behavioural change processes during patient counselling remains largely unexplored. This study aims to determine intervention fidelity by pharmacists for behavioural components of a complex educational intervention for CVD prevention. After receiving training to improve lifestyle and medicines adherence, pharmacists recruited 70 patients aged 50-74 years without established CVD, and taking antihypertensive or lipid lowering therapy. Patients received five counselling sessions, each at monthly intervals. Researchers assessed biomedical and behavioural risk factors at baseline and six months. Pharmacists documented key outcomes from counselling after each session. Most patients (86%) reported suboptimal cardiovascular diets, 41% reported suboptimal medicines adherence, and 39% were physically inactive. Of those advised to complete the intervention, 85% attended all five sessions. Pharmacists achieved patient agreement with most recommended goals for behaviour change, and overwhelmingly translated goals into practical behavioural strategies. Barriers to changing behaviours were regularly documented, and pharmacists reported most behavioural strategies as having had some success. Meaningful improvements to health behaviours were observed post-intervention. Findings support further exploration of pharmacists' potential roles for delivering interventions with complex behaviour change requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P McNamara
- Greater Green Triangle University Department of Rural Health, Flinders University and Deakin University, Deakin University campus, Princes Hwy, Warrnambool, VIC 3280, Australia, Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,
| | - S L O'Reilly
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
| | - J George
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - G M Peterson
- Unit for Medication Outcomes Research and Education, School of Pharmacy, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - S L Jackson
- Unit for Medication Outcomes Research and Education, School of Pharmacy, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - G Duncan
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, and
| | - H Howarth
- Unit for Medication Outcomes Research and Education, School of Pharmacy, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - J A Dunbar
- Deakin University Population Health Strategic Research Centre, Melbourne, Australia
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27
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Meyer J, Galloway T, Ross E, Buyyounouski M, Hayes S, Klayton T, Hallman M, Weiss S, Leahy J, Duncan G, Price R, Horwitz E, Ma C. Phase I Study of Pulsed Low Dose-Rate Reirradiation: A Dose-Escalation Study to Establish Maximum Tolerated Dose. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.1779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Rodda S, Duncan G, Hamm J, Morris W. Quality of Life Outcomes: ASCENDE-RT a Multicenter Randomized Trial of Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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29
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Rodda S, Tyldesley S, Keyes M, McKenzie M, Pai H, Duncan G, Hamm J, Morris W. Low-Dose-Rate Prostate Brachytherapy Is Superior to Dose-Escalated EBRT for Unfavorable Risk Prostate Cancer: The Results of the ASCENDE-RT Randomized Control Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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Soares Bispo Santos Silva D, Antunes J, Balamurugan K, Duncan G, Sampaio Alho C, McCord B. Evaluation of DNA methylation markers and their potential to predict human aging. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1775-80. [PMID: 26010003 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We present epigenetic methylation data for two genetic loci, GRIA2, and NPTX2, which were tested for prediction of age from different donors of biofluids. We analyzed 44 saliva samples and 23 blood samples from volunteers with ages ranging from 5 to 72 years. DNA was extracted and bisulfite modified using commercial kits. Specific primers were used for amplification and methylation profiles were determined by pyrosequencing. Methylation data from both markers and their relationship with age were determined using linear regression analysis, which indicates a positive correlation between methylation and age. Older individuals tend to have increased methylation in both markers compared to younger individuals and this trend was more pronounced in the GRIA2 locus when compared to NPTX2. The epigenetic predicted age, calculated using a GRIA2 regression analysis model, was strongly correlated to chronological age (R(2) = 0.801), with an average difference of 6.9 years between estimated and observed ages. When using a NPTX2 regression model, we observed a lower correlation between predicted and chronological age (R(2) = 0.654), with an average difference of 9.2 years. These data indicate these loci can be used as a novel tool for age prediction with potential applications in many areas, including clinical and forensic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Soares Bispo Santos Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.,Faculty of Biosciences, Laboratory of Human and Molecular Genetics, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Joana Antunes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - George Duncan
- DNA Laboratory, Broward County Sheriff's Office, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Clarice Sampaio Alho
- Faculty of Biosciences, Laboratory of Human and Molecular Genetics, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruce McCord
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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31
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McNicol RE, Bradley A, Griffin J, Duncan G, Eriksen CA, Guthrie GJK. Post-operative bilateral adrenal haemorrhage: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2014; 5:1145-7. [PMID: 25437659 PMCID: PMC4275802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2014.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An unusual complication of intra-abdominal sepsis. A demonstration of diagnostic difficulty in the post-operative patient. A variation from the normal electrolyte profile observed in adrenal insufficiency. Highlights the clinical importance of a high index of suspicion for further investigation of ‘on-ward’ electrolyte abnormalities.
INTRODUCTION Bilateral adrenal haemorrhage is a rare, but serious, illness carrying an estimated 15% mortality.1,2 The majority of cases occur in patients with acute, stressful illness, however the exact mechanism underlying adrenal haemorrhage remains unclear. This medical emergency carries significant diagnostic difficulty4 with non-specific clinical symptoms and variations in electrolyte abnormalities. Timely treatment is important as it prevents both the acute and long-term sequelae of adrenal failure. PRESENTATION OF CASE This report describes a medical emergency in a surgical patient following emergency surgery for intra-abdominal sepsis. The patient reported non-specific symptoms of confusion, mild pyrexia and vague abdominal pain during the post-operative phase, with subtle electrolyte abnormalities and a low serum cortisol suggestive of adrenal crisis. Timely medical treatment, with intravenous hydrocortisone and intensive monitoring, and appropriate medical follow-up with addition of long-term fludrocortisone resulted in a satisfactory outcome. DISCUSSION This report describes a potentially life-threatening complication of intra-abdominal sepsis with adrenal crisis secondary to bilateral adrenal haemorrhage. In particular, this case highlights the diagnostic difficulty in such surgical patients due to vague symptoms and, in this case, the presence of a presentation variant with acute hyponatraemia and normal potassium. CONCLUSION This case highlights the importance of awareness of both the symptoms and signs and variation in electrolyte profile when assessing surgical patients post-operatively. In addition, this case highlights the benefit of early recognition and initiation of treatment and the importance of follow-up as long-term medical management is often required to prevent further relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E McNicol
- Department of General Surgery, Perth Royal Infirmary, Taymount Terrace, Perth PH1 1NX, United Kingdom
| | - A Bradley
- Department of General Surgery, Perth Royal Infirmary, Taymount Terrace, Perth PH1 1NX, United Kingdom
| | - J Griffin
- Department of General Surgery, Perth Royal Infirmary, Taymount Terrace, Perth PH1 1NX, United Kingdom
| | - G Duncan
- Department of Radiology, Perth Royal Infirmary, Taymount Terrace, Perth PH1 1NX, United Kingdom
| | - C A Eriksen
- Department of General Surgery, Perth Royal Infirmary, Taymount Terrace, Perth PH1 1NX, United Kingdom
| | - G J K Guthrie
- Department of General Surgery, Perth Royal Infirmary, Taymount Terrace, Perth PH1 1NX, United Kingdom.
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Pomeroy RS, Balamurugan K, Wong H, Duncan G. High-resolution melt analysis of the minisatellite D1S80: A potential forensic screening tool. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:3020-7. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert S. Pomeroy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; San Diego CA USA
| | | | - Helena Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; San Diego CA USA
| | - George Duncan
- Oceanographic Institute; Nova Southeastern University; Fort Lauderdale FL USA
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Thompson RE, Duncan G, McCord BR. An Investigation of PCR Inhibition Using Plexor®-Based Quantitative PCR and Short Tandem Repeat Amplification. J Forensic Sci 2014; 59:1517-29. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robyn E. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Florida International University; 11200 SW 8th Street Miami FL 33199
| | - George Duncan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Florida International University; 11200 SW 8th Street Miami FL 33199
| | - Bruce R. McCord
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Florida International University; 11200 SW 8th Street Miami FL 33199
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Balamurugan K, Bombardi R, Duncan G, McCord B. Identification of spermatozoa by tissue-specific differential DNA methylation using bisulfite modification and pyrosequencing. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:3079-86. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin Bombardi
- School of Criminal Justice; The University of Southern Mississippi; Hattiesburg MS USA
| | - George Duncan
- DNA Unit; Broward County Sheriff's Office; Fort Lauderdale FL USA
| | - Bruce McCord
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Florida International University; Miami FL USA
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Konski A, Meyer J, Philip P, Shields A, Hall M, Choi M, Duncan G, Adaire B, McSpadden E, Cohen S. Preliminary Results of a Phase 1 Study of Hyperfractionated Low-Dose Radiation Therapy (RT) as a Chemotherapy Sensitizer in Combination With Gemcitabine (G) and Erlotinib (E) in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Quintela-Fandino M, Krzyzanowska M, Duncan G, Young A, Moore MJ, Chen EX, Stathis A, Colomer R, Petronis J, Grewal M, Webster S, Wang L, Siu LL. In vivo RAF signal transduction as a potential biomarker for sorafenib efficacy in patients with neuroendocrine tumours. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:1298-305. [PMID: 23412107 PMCID: PMC3619253 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted therapies elicit anticancer activity by exerting pharmacodynamic effects on specific molecular targets. Currently, there is limited use of pharmacodynamic assessment to guide drug administration in the routine oncology setting. METHODS We developed a phosphoshift (pShift) flow cytometry-based test that measures RAF signal transduction capacity in peripheral blood cells, and evaluated it in a phase II clinical trial of oral sorafenib plus low-dose cyclophosphamide in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), in order to predict clinical course and/or guide individual dose-titration. RESULTS Twenty-two patients were enrolled. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3 months (95% CI 2-10.7), and one patient had a partial response. PFS was longer among five patients who demonstrated an increase in pShift after 7 days of sorafenib compared with those who did not (14.9 months vs 2.8 months; P=0.047). However, pShift did not add value to toxicity-based dose-titration. CONCLUSION The pharmacodynamic assessment of RAF transduction may identify selected patients with advanced NETs most likely to benefit from the combination of sorafenib plus cyclophosphamide. Further investigation of this test as a potential biomarker is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Quintela-Fandino
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 610 University Avenue, Suite 5-718, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G2M9
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Dawes LJ, Duncan G, Wormstone IM. Age-Related Differences in Signaling Efficiency of Human Lens Cells Underpin Differential Wound Healing Response Rates following Cataract Surgery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 54:333-42. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-10425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Jean Dawes
- From the School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; and 2The Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - George Duncan
- From the School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; and 2The Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian Michael Wormstone
- From the School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; and 2The Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Emmerton L, Stewart K, Hoti K, Chaar B, Hughes J, Duncan G. Approaches to Health Literacy Education. Res Social Adm Pharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2012.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Madi T, Balamurugan K, Bombardi R, Duncan G, McCord B. The determination of tissue-specific DNA methylation patterns in forensic biofluids using bisulfite modification and pyrosequencing. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:1736-45. [PMID: 22740462 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study is to explore the application of epigenetic markers in the identification of biofluids that are commonly found at the crime scene. A series of genetic loci were examined in order to define epigenetic markers that display differential methylation patterns between blood, saliva, semen, and epithelial tissue. Among the different loci tested, we have identified a panel of markers, C20orf117, ZC3H12D, BCAS4, and FGF7, that can be used in the determination of these four tissue types. Since methylation modifications occur at cytosine bases that are immediately followed by guanine bases (CpG sites), methylation levels were measured at CpG sites spanning each marker. Up to 11 samples of each tissue type were collected and subjected to bisulfite modification to convert unmethylated CpG-associated cytosine bases to thymine bases. The bisulfite modified DNA was then amplified via nested PCR using a primer set of which one primer was biotin labeled. Biotinylated PCR products were in turn analyzed and the methylation level at each CpG site was quantitated by pyrosequencing. The percent methylation values at each CpG site were determined and averaged for each tissue type. The results indicated significant methylation differences between the tissue types. The methylation patterns at the ZC3H12D and FGF7 loci differentiated sperm from blood, saliva, and epithelial cells. The C20orf117 locus differentiated blood from sperm, saliva, and epithelial cells and saliva was differentiated from blood, sperm, and epithelial cells at a fourth locus, BCAS4. The results of this study demonstrate the applicability of epigenetic markers as a novel tool for the determination of biofluids using bisulfite modification and pyrosequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Madi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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Heathfield S, Parker B, Zeef L, Bruce I, Alexander Y, Collins F, Stone M, Wang E, Williams AS, Wright HL, Thomas HB, Moots RJ, Edwards SW, Bullock C, Chapman V, Walsh DA, Mobasheri A, Kendall D, Kelly S, Bayley R, Buckley CD, Young SP, Rump-Goodrich L, Middleton J, Chen L, Fisher R, Kollnberger S, Shastri N, Kessler BM, Bowness P, Nazeer Moideen A, Evans L, Osgood L, Williams AS, Jones SA, Nowell MA, Mahadik Y, Young S, Morgan M, Gordon C, Harper L, Giles JL, Paul Morgan B, Harris CL, Rysnik OJ, McHugh K, Kollnberger S, Payeli S, Marroquin O, Shaw J, Renner C, Bowness P, Nayar S, Cloake T, Bombardieri M, Pitzalis C, Buckley C, Barone F, Barone F, Nayar S, Cloake T, Lane P, Coles M, Buckley C, Williams EL, Edwards CJ, Cooper C, Oreffo RO, Dunn S, Crawford A, Wilkinson M, Le Maitre C, Bunning R, Daniels J, Phillips KLE, Chiverton N, Le Maitre CL, Kollnberger S, Shaw J, Ridley A, Wong-Baeza I, McHugh K, Keidel S, Chan A, Bowness P, Gullick NJ, Abozaid HS, Jayaraj DM, Evans HG, Scott DL, Choy EH, Taams LS, Hickling M, Golor G, Jullion A, Shaw S, Kretsos K, Bari SF, Rhys-Dillon B, Amos N, Siebert S, Phillips KLE, Chiverton N, Bunning RD, Haddock G, Cross AK, Le Maitre CL, Kate I, Phillips E, Cross A, Chiverton N, Haddock G, Bunning RAD, Le Maitre CL, Ceeraz S, Spencer J, Choy E, Corrigall V, Crilly A, Palmer H, Lockhart J, Plevin R, Ferrell WR, McInnes I, Hutchinson D, Perry L, DiCicco M, Humby F, Kelly S, Hands R, Buckley C, McInnes I, Taylor P, Bombardieri M, Pitzalis C, Mehta P, Mitchell A, Tysoe C, Caswell R, Owens M, Vincent T, Hashmi TM, Price-Forbes A, Sharp CA, Murphy H, Wood EF, Doherty T, Sheldon J, Sofat N, Goff I, Platt PN, Abdulkader R, Clunie G, Ismajli M, Nikiphorou E, Young A, Tugnet N, Dixey J, Banik S, Alcorn D, Hunter J, Win Maw W, Patil P, Hayes F, Main Wong W, Borg FA, Dasgupta B, Malaviya AP, Ostor AJ, Chana JK, Ahmed AA, Edmonds S, Hayes F, Coward L, Borg F, Heaney J, Amft N, Simpson J, Dhillon V, Ayalew Y, Khattak F, Gayed M, Amarasena RI, McKenna F, Amarasena RI, McKenna F, Mc Laughlin M, Baburaj K, Fattah Z, Ng N, Wilson J, Colaco B, Williams MR, Adizie T, Dasgupta B, Casey M, Lip S, Tan S, Anderson D, Robertson C, Devanny I, Field M, Walker D, Robinson S, Ryan S, Hassell A, Bateman J, Allen M, Davies D, Crouch C, Walker-Bone K, Gainsborough N, Gullick NJ, Lutalo PM, Davies UM, Walker-Bone K, Mckew JR, Millar AM, Wright SA, Bell AL, Thapper M, Roussou T, Cumming J, Hull RG, Thapper M, Roussou T, McKeogh J, O'Connor MB, Hassan AI, Bond U, Swan J, Phelan MJ, Coady D, Kumar N, Farrow L, Bukhari M, Oldroyd AG, Greenbank C, McBeth J, Duncan R, Brown D, Horan M, Pendleton N, Littlewood A, Cordingley L, Mulvey M, Curtis EM, Cole ZA, Crozier SR, Georgia N, Robinson SM, Godfrey KM, Sayer AA, Inskip HM, Cooper C, Harvey NC, Davies R, Mercer L, Galloway J, Low A, Watson K, Lunt M, Symmons D, Hyrich K, Chitale S, Estrach C, Moots RJ, Goodson NJ, Rankin E, Jiang CQ, Cheng KK, Lam TH, Adab P, Ling S, Chitale S, Moots RJ, Estrach C, Goodson NJ, Humphreys J, Ellis C, Bunn D, Verstappen SM, Symmons D, Fluess E, Macfarlane GJ, Bond C, Jones GT, Scott IC, Steer S, Lewis CM, Cope A, Mulvey MR, Macfarlane GJ, Symmons D, Lovell K, Keeley P, Woby S, Beasley M, McBeth J, Viatte S, Plant D, Lunt M, Fu B, Parker B, Galloway J, Solymossy C, Worthington J, Symmons D, Dixey J, Young A, Barton A, Williams FM, Osei-Bordom DC, Popham M, MacGregor A, Spector T, Little J, Herrick A, Pushpakom S, Ennis H, McBurney H, Worthington J, Newman W, Ibrahim I, Plant D, Hyrich K, Morgan A, Wilson A, Isaacs J, Barton A, Sanderson T, Hewlett S, Calnan M, Morris M, Raza K, Kumar K, Cardy CM, Pauling JD, Jenkins J, Brown SJ, McHugh N, Nikiphorou E, Mugford M, Davies C, Cooper N, Brooksby A, Bunn D, Symmons D, MacGregor A, Dures E, Ambler N, Fletcher D, Pope D, Robinson F, Rooke R, Hewlett S, Gorman CL, Reynolds P, Hakim AJ, Bosworth A, Weaver D, Kiely PD, Skeoch S, Jani M, Amarasena R, Rao C, Macphie E, McLoughlin Y, Shah P, Else S, Semenova O, Thompson H, Ogunbambi O, Kallankara S, Patel Y, Baguley E, Jani M, Halsey J, Severn A, Bukhari M, Selvan S, Price E, Husain MJ, Brophy S, Phillips CJ, Cooksey R, Irvine E, Siebert S, Lendrem D, Mitchell S, Bowman S, Price E, Pease CT, Emery P, Andrews J, Bombardieri M, Sutcliffe N, Pitzalis C, Lanyon P, Hunter J, Gupta M, McLaren J, Regan M, Cooper A, Giles I, Isenberg D, Griffiths B, Foggo H, Edgar S, Vadivelu S, Coady D, McHugh N, Ng WF, Dasgupta B, Taylor P, Iqbal I, Heron L, Pilling C, Marks J, Hull R, Ledingham J, Han C, Gathany T, Tandon N, Hsia E, Taylor P, Strand V, Sensky T, Harta N, Fleming S, Kay L, Rutherford M, Nicholl K, Kay L, Rutherford M, Nicholl K, Eyre T, Wilson G, Johnson P, Russell M, Timoshanko J, Duncan G, Spandley A, Roskell S, Coady D, West L, Adshead R, Donnelly SP, Ashton S, Tahir H, Patel D, Darroch J, Goodson NJ, Boulton J, Ellis B, Finlay R, Lendrem D, Mitchell S, Bowman S, Price E, Pease CT, Emery P, Andrews J, Bombardieri M, Sutcliffe N, Pitzalis C, Lanyon P, Hunter J, Gupta M, McLaren J, Regan M, Cooper A, Giles I, Isenberg D, Vadivelu S, Coady D, McHugh N, Griffiths B, Foggo H, Edgar S, Ng WF, Murray-Brown W, Priori R, Tappuni T, Vartoukian S, Seoudi N, Picarelli G, Fortune F, Valesini G, Pitzalis C, Bombardieri M, Ball E, Rooney M, Bell A, Merida AA, Isenberg D, Tarelli E, Axford J, Giles I, Pericleous C, Pierangeli SS, Ioannou J, Rahman A, Alavi A, Hughes M, Evans B, Bukhari M, Parker B, Zaki A, Alexander Y, Bruce I, Hui M, Garner R, Rees F, Bavakunji R, Daniel P, Varughese S, Srikanth A, Andres M, Pearce F, Leung J, Lim K, Regan M, Lanyon P, Oomatia A, Petri M, Fang H, Birnbaum J, Amissah-Arthur M, Gayed M, Stewart K, Jennens H, Braude S, Gordon C, Sutton EJ, Watson KD, Gordon C, Yee CS, Lanyon P, Jayne D, Isenberg D, Rahman A, Akil M, McHugh N, Ahmad Y, Amft N, D'Cruz D, Edwards CJ, Griffiths B, Khamashta M, Teh LS, Zoma A, Bruce I, Dey ID, Kenu E, Isenberg D, Pericleous C, Garza-Garcia A, Murfitt L, Driscoll PC, Isenberg D, Pierangeli S, Giles I, Ioannou Y, Rahman A, Reynolds JA, Ray DW, O'Neill T, Alexander Y, Bruce I, Segeda I, Shevchuk S, Kuvikova I, Brown N, Bruce I, Venning M, Mehta P, Dhanjal M, Mason J, Nelson-Piercy C, Basu N, Paudyal P, Stockton M, Lawton S, Dent C, Kindness K, Meldrum G, John E, Arthur C, West L, Macfarlane MV, Reid DM, Jones GT, Macfarlane GJ, Yates M, Loke Y, Watts R, MacGregor A, Adizie T, Christidis D, Dasgupta B, Williams M, Sivakumar R, Misra R, Danda D, Mahendranath KM, Bacon PA, Mackie SL, Pease CT. Basic science * 232. Certolizumab pegol prevents pro-inflammatory alterations in endothelial cell function. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Tyldesley S, Tran E, Paquette M, Jay J, Liu M, Hamm J, Duncan G, Pickles T. OC-0049 THE IMPACT OF COMORBIDITIES ON THE BENEFITS OF PROLONGED ANDROGEN ABLATION IN PATIENTS WITH T3-4 PROSTATE CANCER. Radiother Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)70388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Sahoo N, Krishnan R, Duncan G, Callan J. Research Note—The Halo Effect in Multicomponent Ratings and Its Implications for Recommender Systems: The Case of Yahoo! Movies. Information Systems Research 2012. [DOI: 10.1287/isre.1100.0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bell CA, Duncan G, Saini B. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of private sector providers of tuberculosis care: a scoping review. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2011; 15:1005-17. [PMID: 21669027 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.10.0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING The past decade has seen a significant increase in private sector provision of tuberculosis (TB)care. While patients often seek and select treatment from private providers at significant out-of-pocket expense,treatment outcomes remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of private sector TB care providers in high burden countries. METHODS Medline, PubMed, Embase, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases were searched using Medical Subject Headings terms,Emtree terms and key words. Searches were limited to the English language and published between 1998 and week 2 of November 2009. Studies were included if they reported the knowledge, attitudes or practice behaviours of private health care providers working in one of 22 high-TB-burden countries. Each included study was critically assessed using a structured data extraction tool. Data extracted included the study setting, objective, design, sample, response rate, outcomes and limitations. RESULTS The 34 studies that met review inclusion criteriaen compassed diverse study methods and designs.All categories of TB care providers lacked comprehensive knowledge of national treatment guidelines. Procedures for referral, treatment monitoring, record keeping and case holding were not systematically implemented.However, there was a high degree of willingness to collaborate with national TB programmes. CONCLUSION Research using standardised data collection methods may assist in identifying gaps in knowledge and practice among all providers of TB care. Further studies in developing and evaluating needs-based interventions should be undertaken; systematic reviews of such studies may then assist in strategic decision making in public-private mix DOTS expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Bell
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Crook J, Malone S, Horwitz E, Dearnaley D, Duncan G, Warde P, Gospodarowicz M, Ding K, OCallaghan C, Klotz L. A Phase III Randomized Trial of Intermittent vs. Continuous Androgen Suppression for PSA Progression after Radical Therapy (NCIC CTG PR.7/SWOG JPR.7/CTSU JPR.7/ UK Intercontinental Trial CRUKE/01/013). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Arpaia E, Blaser H, Quintela-Fandino M, Duncan G, Leong HS, Ablack A, Nambiar SC, Lind EF, Silvester J, Fleming CK, Rufini A, Tusche MW, Brüstle A, Ohashi PS, Lewis JD, Mak TW. The interaction between caveolin-1 and Rho-GTPases promotes metastasis by controlling the expression of alpha5-integrin and the activation of Src, Ras and Erk. Oncogene 2011; 31:884-96. [PMID: 21765460 PMCID: PMC3289793 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Proteins containing a caveolin-binding domain (CBD), such as the Rho-GTPases, can interact with caveolin-1 (Cav1) through its caveolin scaffold domain. Rho-GTPases are important regulators of p130(Cas), which is crucial for both normal cell migration and Src kinase-mediated metastasis of cancer cells. However, although Rho-GTPases (particularly RhoC) and Cav1 have been linked to cancer progression and metastasis, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. To investigate the function of Cav1-Rho-GTPase interaction in metastasis, we disrupted Cav1-Rho-GTPase binding in melanoma and mammary epithelial tumor cells by overexpressing CBD, and examined the loss-of-function of RhoC in metastatic cancer cells. Cancer cells overexpressing CBD or lacking RhoC had reduced p130(Cas) phosphorylation and Rac1 activation, resulting in an inhibition of migration and invasion in vitro. The activity of Src and the activation of its downstream targets FAK, Pyk2, Ras and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)1/2 were also impaired. A reduction in α5-integrin expression, which is required for binding to fibronectin and thus cell migration and survival, was observed in CBD-expressing cells and cells lacking RhoC. As a result of these defects, CBD-expressing melanoma cells had a reduced ability to metastasize in recipient mice, and impaired extravasation and survival in secondary sites in chicken embryos. Our data indicate that interaction between Cav1 and Rho-GTPases (most likely RhoC but not RhoA) promotes metastasis by stimulating α5-integrin expression and regulating the Src-dependent activation of p130(Cas)/Rac1, FAK/Pyk2 and Ras/Erk1/2 signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Arpaia
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Harvey M, Muir K, Reeves I, Duncan G, Birschel P, Roberts M, Livingstone K, Jackson H, Hogg C, Castle P, Learmonth G, Rossit S. Long term improvements in activities of daily living in patients with hemispatial neglect. Behav Neurol 2011; 23:237-9. [PMID: 21422564 PMCID: PMC5434380 DOI: 10.3233/ben-2010-0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Harvey
- School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
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Crook JM, O'Callaghan CJ, Ding K, Duncan G, Dearnaley DP, Higano CS, Horwitz EM, Frymire E, Malone S, Chin J, Nabid A, Warde PR, Corbett TB, Angyalfi S, Goldenberg SL, Gospodarowicz MK, Saad F, Logue JP, Schellhammer PF, Klotz L. A phase III randomized trial of intermittent versus continuous androgen suppression for PSA progression after radical therapy (NCIC CTG PR.7/SWOG JPR.7/CTSU JPR.7/ UK Intercontinental Trial CRUKE/01/013). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.4514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Rossit S, Malhotra P, Muir K, Reeves I, Duncan G, Harvey M. The Role of Right Temporal Lobe Structures in Off-line Action: Evidence from Lesion-Behavior Mapping in Stroke Patients. Cereb Cortex 2011; 21:2751-61. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhr073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kollmannsberger C, Tyldesley S, Moore C, Chi K, Murray N, Daneshmand S, Black P, Duncan G, Hayes-Lattin B, Nichols C. Evolution in management of testicular seminoma: population-based outcomes with selective utilization of active therapies. Ann Oncol 2011; 22:808-814. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
D1S80 is a 16-bp variable number of tandem repeats minisatellite. We analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) flanking this locus in a Tamil population. Alleles ranged from 15 through 41 repeats, with alleles 18 and 24 being predominant with frequencies of 31% and 34.5%, respectively, suggesting a bimodal allelic distribution. All the 18-repeat alleles are associated with HinfI(+) and FnuAHI(-) restriction site polymorphisms at the 5' and 3' ends, respectively. Allele 24 is associated with HinfI(-) and Fnu4HI(+). Of the alleles tested, 98.5% have a linkage of two specific SNP polymorphisms. If an allele is positive for HinfI, then it is negative for Fnu4HI, and if an allele is negative for HinfI, it is then positive for Fnu4HI, which demonstrates strong linkage disequilibrium between the two polymorphic SNPs. This suggests that reciprocal crossover is not involved in changes in the number of repeats, as few exchanges are seen in the flanking regions. The repeat allele-SNP association might be involved with the internal structure of the locus micropolymorphisms, possibly a double-strand break hotspot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuppareddi Balamurugan
- School of Criminal Justice, 118 College Drive #5127, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
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