1
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Yang Y, Bhargava D, Chen X, Zhou T, Dursuk G, Jiang W, Wang J, Zong Z, Katz SI, Lomberk GA, Urrutia RA, Katz JP. KLF5 and p53 comprise an incoherent feed-forward loop directing cell-fate decisions following stress. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:299. [PMID: 37130837 PMCID: PMC10154356 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05731-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In response to stress, cells make a critical decision to arrest or undergo apoptosis, mediated in large part by the tumor suppressor p53. Yet the mechanisms of these cell fate decisions remain largely unknown, particularly in normal cells. Here, we define an incoherent feed-forward loop in non-transformed human squamous epithelial cells involving p53 and the zinc-finger transcription factor KLF5 that dictates responses to differing levels of cellular stress from UV irradiation or oxidative stress. In normal unstressed human squamous epithelial cells, KLF5 complexes with SIN3A and HDAC2 repress TP53, allowing cells to proliferate. With moderate stress, this complex is disrupted, and TP53 is induced; KLF5 then acts as a molecular switch for p53 function by transactivating AKT1 and AKT3, which direct cells toward survival. By contrast, severe stress results in KLF5 loss, such that AKT1 and AKT3 are not induced, and cells preferentially undergo apoptosis. Thus, in human squamous epithelial cells, KLF5 gates the response to UV or oxidative stress to determine the p53 output of growth arrest or apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizeng Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dharmendra Bhargava
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Taicheng Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gizem Dursuk
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Wenpeng Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jinshen Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zhen Zong
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sharyn I Katz
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gwen A Lomberk
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Raul A Urrutia
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Jonathan P Katz
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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2
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Kloesch B, Ionasz V, Paliwal S, Hruschka N, Martinez de Villarreal J, Öllinger R, Mueller S, Dienes HP, Schindl M, Gruber ES, Stift J, Herndler-Brandstetter D, Lomberk GA, Seidler B, Saur D, Rad R, Urrutia RA, Real FX, Martinelli P. A GATA6-centred gene regulatory network involving HNFs and ΔNp63 controls plasticity and immune escape in pancreatic cancer. Gut 2022; 71:766-777. [PMID: 33846140 PMCID: PMC9733634 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Molecular taxonomy of tumours is the foundation of personalised medicine and is becoming of paramount importance for therapeutic purposes. Four transcriptomics-based classification systems of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) exist, which consistently identified a subtype of highly aggressive PDACs with basal-like features, including ΔNp63 expression and loss of the epithelial master regulator GATA6. We investigated the precise molecular events driving PDAC progression and the emergence of the basal programme. DESIGN We combined the analysis of patient-derived transcriptomics datasets and tissue samples with mechanistic experiments using a novel dual-recombinase mouse model for Gata6 deletion at late stages of KRasG12D-driven pancreatic tumorigenesis (Gata6LateKO). RESULTS This comprehensive human-to-mouse approach showed that GATA6 loss is necessary, but not sufficient, for the expression of ΔNp63 and the basal programme in patients and in mice. The concomitant loss of HNF1A and HNF4A, likely through epigenetic silencing, is required for the full phenotype switch. Moreover, Gata6 deletion in mice dramatically increased the metastatic rate, with a propensity for lung metastases. Through RNA-Seq analysis of primary cells isolated from mouse tumours, we show that Gata6 inhibits tumour cell plasticity and immune evasion, consistent with patient-derived data, suggesting that GATA6 works as a barrier for acquiring the fully developed basal and metastatic phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Our work provides both a mechanistic molecular link between the basal phenotype and metastasis and a valuable preclinical tool to investigate the most aggressive subtype of PDAC. These data, therefore, are important for understanding the pathobiological features underlying the heterogeneity of pancreatic cancer in both mice and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Kloesch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Departmet of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Vivien Ionasz
- Institute of Cancer Research, Departmet of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Sumit Paliwal
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natascha Hruschka
- Institute of Cancer Research, Departmet of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | | | - Rupert Öllinger
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Mueller
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Peter Dienes
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Schindl
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Wien, Austria
- Division of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Elisabeth S Gruber
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Wien, Austria
- Division of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Judith Stift
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Herndler-Brandstetter
- Institute of Cancer Research, Departmet of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Gwen A Lomberk
- Genomics Sciences and Precision Medicine Center and Division of Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Barbara Seidler
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Gemany
| | - Dieter Saur
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Gemany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Consortium (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Gemany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Consortium (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Raul A Urrutia
- Genomics Sciences and Precision Medicine Center and Division of Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Francisco X Real
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Ciènces Experimental i de la Salut, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paola Martinelli
- Institute of Cancer Research, Departmet of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Wien, Austria
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3
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Zimmermann MT, Williams MM, Klee EW, Lomberk GA, Urrutia R. Modeling post-translational modifications and cancer-associated mutations that impact the heterochromatin protein 1α-importin α heterodimers. Proteins 2019; 87:904-916. [PMID: 31152607 PMCID: PMC6790107 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Heterochromatin protein 1α (HP1α) is a protein that mediates cancer-associated processes in the cell nucleus. Proteomic experiments, reported here, demonstrate that HP1α complexes with importin α (IMPα), a protein necessary for its nuclear transport. This data is congruent with Simple Linear Motif (SLiM) analyses that identify an IMPα-binding motif within the linker that joins the two globular domains of this protein. Using molecular modeling and dynamics simulations, we develop a model of the IMPα-HP1α complex and investigate the impact of phosphorylation and genomic variants on their interaction. We demonstrate that phosphorylation of the HP1α linker likely regulates its association with IMPα, which has implications for HP1α access to the nucleus, where it functions. Cancer-associated genomic variants do not abolish the interaction of HP1α but instead lead to rearrangements where the variant proteins maintain interaction with IMPα, but with less specificity. Combined, this new mechanistic insight bears biochemical, cell biological, and biomedical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Zimmermann
- Bioinformatics Research and Development Laboratory, and Precision Medicine Simulation Unit, Genomic Science and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC)Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsin
- Clinical and Translational Sciences InstituteMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsin
| | - Monique M. Williams
- Department of BiochemistryMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and InformaticsMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
| | - Eric W. Klee
- Department of BiochemistryMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and InformaticsMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
| | - Gwen A. Lomberk
- Division of Research, Department of SurgeryMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsin
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsin
- Genomic Science and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC)Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsin
| | - Raul Urrutia
- Division of Research, Department of SurgeryMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsin
- Genomic Science and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC)Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsin
- Department of BiochemistryMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsin
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4
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Williams MM, Mathison AJ, Christensen T, Greipp PT, Knutson DL, Klee EW, Zimmermann MT, Iovanna J, Lomberk GA, Urrutia RA. Aurora kinase B-phosphorylated HP1α functions in chromosomal instability. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:1407-1421. [PMID: 31130069 PMCID: PMC6592258 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1618126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterochromatin Protein 1 α (HP1α) associates with members of the chromosome passenger complex (CPC) during mitosis, at centromeres where it is required for full Aurora Kinase B (AURKB) activity. Conversely, recent reports have identified AURKB as the major kinase responsible for phosphorylation of HP1α at Serine 92 (S92) during mitosis. Thus, the current study was designed to better understand the functional role of this posttranslationally modified form of HP1α. We find that S92-phosphorylated HP1α is generated in cells at early prophase, localizes to centromeres, and associates with regulators of chromosome stability, such as Inner Centromere Protein, INCENP. In mouse embryonic fibroblasts, HP1α knockout alone or reconstituted with a non-phosphorylatable (S92A) HP1α mutant results in mitotic chromosomal instability characterized by the formation of anaphase/telophase chromatin bridges and micronuclei. These effects are rescued by exogenous expression of wild type HP1α or a phosphomimetic (S92D) variant. Thus, the results from the current study extend our knowledge of the role of HP1α in chromosomal stability during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique M. Williams
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Angela J. Mathison
- Genomics and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Trent Christensen
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Patricia T. Greipp
- Medical Genome Facility, Cytogenetics Core Laboratory, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Darlene L. Knutson
- Medical Genome Facility, Cytogenetics Core Laboratory, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eric W. Klee
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael T. Zimmermann
- Bioinformatics Research and Development Laboratory, Genomics Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Juan Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Gwen A. Lomberk
- Genomics and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Raul A. Urrutia
- Genomics and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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5
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Polonis K, Blackburn PR, Urrutia RA, Lomberk GA, Kruisselbrink T, Cousin MA, Boczek NJ, Hoppman NL, Babovic-Vuksanovic D, Klee EW, Pichurin PN. Co-occurrence of a maternally inherited DNMT3A duplication and a paternally inherited pathogenic variant in EZH2 in a child with growth retardation and severe short stature: atypical Weaver syndrome or evidence of a DNMT3A dosage effect? Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2018; 4:mcs.a002899. [PMID: 29802153 PMCID: PMC6071565 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a002899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Overgrowth syndromes are a clinically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by localized or generalized tissue overgrowth and varying degrees of developmental and intellectual disability. An expanding list of genes associated with overgrowth syndromes include the histone methyltransferase genes EZH2 and NSD1, which cause Weaver and Sotos syndrome, respectively, and the DNA methyltransferase (DNMT3A) gene that results in Tatton-Brown–Rahman syndrome (TBRS). Here, we describe a 5-year-old female with a paternally inherited pathogenic mutation in EZH2 (c.2050C>T, p.Arg684Cys) and a maternally inherited 505-kb duplication of uncertain significance at 2p23.3 (encompassing five genes, including DNMT3A) who presented with intrauterine growth restriction, slow postnatal growth, short stature, hypotonia, developmental delay, and neuroblastoma diagnosed at the age of 8 mo. Her father had tall stature, dysmorphic facial features, and intellectual disability consistent with Weaver syndrome, whereas her mother had short stature, cognitive delays, and chronic nonprogressive leukocytosis. It has been previously shown that EZH2 directly controls DNA methylation through physical association with DNMTs, including DNMT3A, with concomitant H3K27 methylation and CpG promoter methylation leading to repression of EZH2 target genes. Interestingly, NSD1 is involved in H3K36 methylation, a mark associated with transcriptional activation, and exhibits exquisite dosage sensitivity leading to overgrowth when deleted and severe undergrowth when duplicated in vivo. Although there is currently no evidence of dosage effects for DNMT3A, the co-occurrence of a duplication involving this gene and a pathogenic alteration in EZH2 in a patient with severe undergrowth is suggestive of a similar paradigm and further study is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Polonis
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Patrick R Blackburn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.,Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Raul A Urrutia
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Epigenomics Translational Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.,Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA.,Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Gwen A Lomberk
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Epigenomics Translational Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.,Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Teresa Kruisselbrink
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Margot A Cousin
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Nicole J Boczek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.,Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Nicole L Hoppman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Dusica Babovic-Vuksanovic
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Eric W Klee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.,Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Pavel N Pichurin
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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6
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Cousin MA, Zimmermann MT, Mathison AJ, Blackburn PR, Boczek NJ, Oliver GR, Lomberk GA, Urrutia RA, Deyle DR, Klee EW. Functional validation reveals the novel missense V419L variant in TGFBR2 associated with Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) impairs canonical TGF-β signaling. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2017; 3:mcs.a001727. [PMID: 28679693 PMCID: PMC5495030 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a001727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β-related heritable connective tissue disorders are characterized by a similar pattern of cardiovascular defects, including aortic root dilatation, mitral valve prolapse, vascular aneurysms, and vascular dissections and exhibit incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. Because of the phenotypic overlap of these disorders, panel-based genetic testing is frequently used to confirm the clinical findings. Unfortunately in many cases, variants of uncertain significance (VUSs) obscure the genetic diagnosis until more information becomes available. Here, we describe and characterize the functional impact of a novel VUS in the TGFBR2 kinase domain (c.1255G>T; p.Val419Leu), in a patient with the clinical diagnosis of Marfan syndrome spectrum. We assessed the structural and functional consequence of this VUS using molecular modeling, molecular dynamic simulations, and in vitro cell-based assays. A high-quality homology-based model of TGFBR2 was generated and computational mutagenesis followed by refinement and molecular dynamics simulations were used to assess structural and dynamic changes. Relative to wild type, the V419L induced conformational and dynamic changes that may affect ATP binding, increasing the likelihood of adopting an inactive state, and, we hypothesize, alter canonical signaling. Experimentally, we tested this by measuring the canonical TGF-β signaling pathway activation at two points; V419L significantly delayed SMAD2 phosphorylation by western blot and significantly decreased TGF-β-induced gene transcription by reporter assays consistent with known pathogenic variants in this gene. Thus, our results establish that the V419L variant leads to aberrant TGF-β signaling and confirm the diagnosis of Loeys-Dietz syndrome in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot A Cousin
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Michael T Zimmermann
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Angela J Mathison
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Patrick R Blackburn
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Nicole J Boczek
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Gavin R Oliver
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Gwen A Lomberk
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Raul A Urrutia
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.,Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - David R Deyle
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.,Department of Clinic Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Eric W Klee
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.,Department of Clinic Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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7
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Perez-Oquendo MG, Lomberk GA, Urrutia RA, Kossak S, Buttar N, Gupta S. Abstract LB-094: Treatment with the G9a antagonist, BRD4770, inhibits esophageal adenocarcinoma cell growth. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-lb-094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cancer has been considered a heterogeneous disease, which mainly arises from the accumulation of genetic mutations, leading to a loss of tumor suppressor genes, as well as to an activation of oncogenes. The epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA and histone modifications, are processes that regulate gene expression, and an alteration of these can contribute to cancer progression. Methylation on histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9), in particular di-methyl (H3K9me2), is mainly mediated by the nuclear histone lysine methyltransferase G9a. Preliminary data showed that G9a was overexpressed in aggressive and highly metastatic forms of cancer. However, to date, this pathway has remained unstudied in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Interestingly, epigenetic drugs, such as those that target G9a, have the potential to reverse the adverse effects acquired downstream from genetic mutations, which currently cannot be directly repaired or targeted. In the current study, we utilize BRD4770, an S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) mimetic inhibitor of G9a, to determine the benefits of inhibiting this pathway in the context of esophageal adenocarcinoma. We hypothesize that pharmacological targeting of G9a by BRD4770 inhibits esophageal adenocarcinoma cell growth. To examine G9a-mediated dimethyl histone H3K9 levels in esophageal adenocarcinoma, we performed immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded esophageal adenocarcinoma tissues with an H3K9me2 antibody. In order to confirm specificity of BRD4770 in regulating the dimethyl histone H3K9 levels, and thus trimethyl H3K9 levels, in esophageal adenocarcinoma, we treated human esophageal adenocarcinoma cells (SKGT-4) with different doses of BRD4770 at various time points for western blot analysis using antibodies against histone H3K9me2 and H3K9me3. Moreover, we found that treatment of SKGT-4 cells with BRD4770 significantly inhibits cell proliferation by MTS assay, as well as clonogenic survival. Therefore, to determine the mechanism(s) by which BRD4770 inhibits the growth of esophageal adenocarcinoma cells, we utilized Caspase-3, Senescence, and Autophagy Assays. Our data shows that inhibition of G9a by BRD4770 does not induce Caspase 3 activity, while it significantly increases senescence and autophagy. Combined, our results suggest that BRD4770 has an important pharmacological role in regulating methyl histone H3K9 levels that may lead to inhibition of esophageal adenocarcinoma cell growth via an increase in senescence and autophagy. Further studies are focused on in vivo models to understand these effects in more detail, however the fact that an anti-G9a drug antagonizes esophageal adenocarcinoma cell growth raises optimism for its potential in the treatment of this malignancy.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting.
Citation Format: Mabel G. Perez-Oquendo, Gwen A. Lomberk, Raul A. Urrutia, Sarah Kossak, Navtej Buttar, Sounak Gupta. Treatment with the G9a antagonist, BRD4770, inhibits esophageal adenocarcinoma cell growth [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-094. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-LB-094
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8
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Blackburn PR, Williams M, Cousin MA, Boczek NJ, Beek GJ, Lomberk GA, Urrutia RA, Babovic-Vuksanovic D, Klee EW. A novel de novo frameshift deletion in EHMT1 in a patient with Kleefstra Syndrome results in decreased H3K9 dimethylation. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2017; 5:141-146. [PMID: 28361100 PMCID: PMC5370226 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kleefstra Syndrome (KS) (MIM# 610253) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by haploinsufficiency of euchromatic histone methyltransferase‐1 (EHMT1, GLP). EHMT1 (MIM# 607001) encodes a histone methyltransferase that heterodimerizes with EHMT2 (also known as G9a, MIM# 604599), which together are responsible for mono‐ and dimethylation of H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me1 and ‐me2), resulting in transcriptional repression of target genes. Methods This report describes an 18‐year‐old woman with intellectual disability, severely limited speech, hypotonia, microcephaly, and facial dysmorphisms, who was found to have a novel de novo single‐base frameshift deletion in EHMT1. Results Functional studies using patient fibroblasts showed decreased H3K9me2 compared to wild‐type control cells, thus providing a rapid confirmatory test that complements molecular studies. Conclusion Whole exome sequencing revealed a novel frameshift deletion in EHMT1 after a lengthy diagnostic odyssey in this patient. Functional testing using this patient's fibroblasts provides proof‐of‐concept for the analysis of variants of uncertain significance that are predicted to impact EHMT1 enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R Blackburn
- Center for Individualized MedicineMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFlorida32224; Department of Health Science ResearchMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFlorida32224
| | - Monique Williams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota 55901
| | - Margot A Cousin
- Center for Individualized MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota55901; Department of Health Science ResearchMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota55901
| | - Nicole J Boczek
- Center for Individualized MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota55901; Department of Health Science ResearchMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota55901
| | - Geoffrey J Beek
- Center for Individualized MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota55901; Department of Clinical GenomicsMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota55901
| | - Gwen A Lomberk
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin DynamicsMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota55901; Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota55901
| | - Raul A Urrutia
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin DynamicsMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota55901; Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota55901
| | - Dusica Babovic-Vuksanovic
- Center for Individualized MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota55901; Department of Clinical GenomicsMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota55901; Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota55901
| | - Eric W Klee
- Center for Individualized MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota55901; Department of Health Science ResearchMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota55901; Department of Clinical GenomicsMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota55901; Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota55901
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9
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Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is often viewed to arise primarily by genetic alterations. However, today we know that many aspects of the cancer phenotype require a crosstalk among these genetic alterations with epigenetic changes. Indeed, aberrant gene expression patterns, driven by epigenetics are fixed by altered signaling from mutated oncogenes and tumor suppressors to define the PDAC phenotype. This conceptual framework may have significant mechanistic value and could offer novel possibilities for treating patients affected with PDAC. In fact, extensive investigations are leading to the development of small molecule drugs that reversibly modify the epigenome. These new ‘epigenetic therapeutics’ discussed herein are promising to fuel a new era of studies, by providing the medical community with new tools to treat this dismal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen A Lomberk
- Laboratory of Epigenetics & Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Biophysics, & Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Juan Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université & Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Raul Urrutia
- Laboratory of Epigenetics & Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Biophysics, & Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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10
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Papadakis KA, Krempski J, Svingen P, Xiong Y, Sarmento OF, Lomberk GA, Urrutia RA, Faubion WA. Krüppel-like factor KLF10 deficiency predisposes to colitis through colonic macrophage dysregulation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G900-9. [PMID: 26472224 PMCID: PMC4669350 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00309.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor (KLF)-10 is an important transcriptional regulator of TGF-β1 signaling in both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T lymphocytes. In the present study, we demonstrate a novel role for KLF10 in the regulation of TGFβRII expression with functional relevance in macrophage differentiation and activation. We first show that transfer of KLF10(-/-) bone marrow-derived macrophages into wild-type (WT) mice leads to exacerbation of experimental colitis. At the cell biological level, using two phenotypic strategies, we show that KLF10-deficient mice have an altered colonic macrophage phenotype with higher frequency of proinflammatory LyC6(+)MHCII(+) cells and a reciprocal decrease of the anti-inflammatory LyC6(-)MHCII(+) subset. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory CD11b(+)CX3CR1(hi) subset of colonic macrophages is significantly decreased in KLF10(-/-) compared with WT mice under inflammatory conditions. Molecularly, CD11b(+) colonic macrophages from KLF10(-/-) mice exhibit a proinflammatory cytokine profile with increased production of TNF-α and lower production of IL-10 in response to LPS stimulation. Because KLF10 is a transcription factor, we explored how this protein may regulate macrophage function. Consequently, we analyzed the expression of TGFβRII expression in colonic macrophages and found that, in the absence of KLF10, macrophages express lower levels of TGFβRII and display an attenuated Smad-2 phosphorylation following TGF-β1 stimulation. We further show that KLF10 directly binds to the TGFβRII promoter in macrophages, leading to enhanced gene expression through histone H3 acetylation. Collectively, our data reveal a critical role for KLF10 in the epigenetic regulation of TGFβRII expression in macrophages and the acquisition of a "regulatory" phenotype that contributes to intestinal mucosal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Krempski
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Phyllis Svingen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Yuning Xiong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Olga F Sarmento
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Gwen A Lomberk
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Epigenetic Translational Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Raul A Urrutia
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Epigenetic Translational Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - William A Faubion
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
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11
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Guo Y, Fan Y, Zhang J, Lomberk GA, Zhou Z, Sun L, Mathison AJ, Garcia-Barrio MT, Zhang J, Zeng L, Li L, Pennathur S, Willer CJ, Rader DJ, Urrutia R, Chen YE. Perhexiline activates KLF14 and reduces atherosclerosis by modulating ApoA-I production. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:3819-30. [PMID: 26368306 DOI: 10.1172/jci79048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies have revealed that variations near the gene locus encoding the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 14 (KLF14) are strongly associated with HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, metabolic syndrome, and coronary heart disease. However, the precise mechanisms by which KLF14 regulates lipid metabolism and affects atherosclerosis remain largely unexplored. Here, we report that KLF14 is dysregulated in the liver of 2 dyslipidemia mouse models. We evaluated the effects of both KLF14 overexpression and genetic inactivation and determined that KLF14 regulates plasma HDL-C levels and cholesterol efflux capacity by modulating hepatic ApoA-I production. Hepatic-specific Klf14 deletion in mice resulted in decreased circulating HDL-C levels. In an attempt to pharmacologically target KLF14 as an experimental therapeutic approach, we identified perhexiline, an approved therapeutic small molecule presently in clinical use to treat angina and heart failure, as a KLF14 activator. Indeed, in WT mice, treatment with perhexiline increased HDL-C levels and cholesterol efflux capacity via KLF14-mediated upregulation of ApoA-I expression. Moreover, perhexiline administration reduced atherosclerotic lesion development in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Together, these results provide comprehensive insight into the KLF14-dependent regulation of HDL-C and subsequent atherosclerosis and indicate that interventions that target the KLF14 pathway should be further explored for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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12
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Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is painful, generally incurable, and frequently lethal. The current progression model indicates that this cancer evolves by mutations and deletions in key oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. This article describes an updated, more comprehensive model that includes concepts from the fields of epigenetics and nuclear architecture. Widespread use of next-generation sequencing for identifying genetic and epigenetic changes genome-wide will help identify and validate more and better markers for this disease. Epigenetic alterations are amenable to pharmacologic manipulations, thus this new integrated paradigm will contribute to advance this field from a mechanistic and translational point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen A Lomberk
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Guggenheim 10-24A, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Raul Urrutia
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 10-42C, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Biophysics, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 10-42C, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 10-42C, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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13
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De Assuncao TM, Sun Y, Jalan-Sakrikar N, Drinane M, Huang BQ, Li Y, Davila JI, Wang R, O’Hara SP, Lomberk GA, Urrutia RA, Ikeda Y, Huebert RC. Development and characterization of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cholangiocytes. J Transl Med 2015; 95:684-96. [PMID: 25867762 PMCID: PMC4447567 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocytes are the target of a heterogeneous group of liver diseases known as the cholangiopathies. An evolving understanding of the mechanisms driving biliary development provides the theoretical underpinnings for rational development of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cholangiocytes (iDCs). Therefore, the aims of this study were to develop an approach to generate iDCs and to fully characterize the cells in vitro and in vivo. Human iPSC lines were generated by forced expression of the Yamanaka pluripotency factors. We then pursued a stepwise differentiation strategy toward iDCs, using precise temporal exposure to key biliary morphogens, and we characterized the cells, using a variety of morphologic, molecular, cell biologic, functional, and in vivo approaches. Morphology shows a stepwise phenotypic change toward an epithelial monolayer. Molecular analysis during differentiation shows appropriate enrichment in markers of iPSC, definitive endoderm, hepatic specification, hepatic progenitors, and ultimately cholangiocytes. Immunostaining, western blotting, and flow cytometry demonstrate enrichment of multiple functionally relevant biliary proteins. RNA sequencing reveals that the transcriptome moves progressively toward that of human cholangiocytes. iDCs generate intracellular calcium signaling in response to ATP, form intact primary cilia, and self-assemble into duct-like structures in three-dimensional culture. In vivo, the cells engraft within mouse liver, following retrograde intrabiliary infusion. In summary, we have developed a novel approach to generate mature cholangiocytes from iPSCs. In addition to providing a model of biliary differentiation, iDCs represent a platform for in vitro disease modeling, pharmacologic testing, and individualized, cell-based, regenerative therapies for the cholangiopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago M. De Assuncao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Yan Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Nidhi Jalan-Sakrikar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Mary Drinane
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Bing Q. Huang
- Center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Ying Li
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Jaime I. Davila
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Ruisi Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Steven P. O’Hara
- Center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Gwen A. Lomberk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN,Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Raul A. Urrutia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN,Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Yasuhiro Ikeda
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Robert C. Huebert
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN,Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
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14
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Papadakis KA, Krempski J, Reiter J, Svingen P, Xiong Y, Sarmento OF, Huseby A, Johnson AJ, Lomberk GA, Urrutia RA, Faubion WA. Krüppel-like factor KLF10 regulates transforming growth factor receptor II expression and TGF-β signaling in CD8+ T lymphocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 308:C362-71. [PMID: 25472963 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00262.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
KLF10 has recently elicited significant attention as a transcriptional regulator of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling in CD4(+) T cells. In the current study, we demonstrate a novel role for KLF10 in the regulation of TGF-β receptor II (TGF-βRII) expression with functional relevance in antiviral immune response. Specifically, we show that KLF10-deficient mice have an increased number of effector/memory CD8(+) T cells, display higher levels of the T helper type 1 cell-associated transcription factor T-bet, and produce more IFN-γ following in vitro stimulation. In addition, KLF10(-/-) CD8(+) T cells show enhanced proliferation in vitro and homeostatic proliferation in vivo. Freshly isolated CD8(+) T cells from the spleen of adult mice express lower levels of surface TGF-βRII (TβRII). Congruently, in vitro activation of KLF10-deficient CD8(+) T cells upregulate TGF-βRII to a lesser extent compared with wild-type (WT) CD8(+) T cells, which results in attenuated Smad2 phosphorylation following TGF-β1 stimulation compared with WT CD8(+) T cells. Moreover, we demonstrate that KLF10 directly binds to the TGF-βRII promoter in T cells, leading to enhanced gene expression. In vivo viral infection with Daniel's strain Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) also led to lower expression of TGF-βRII among viral-specific KLF10(-/-) CD8(+) T cells and a higher percentage of IFN-γ-producing CD8(+) T cells in the spleen. Collectively, our data reveal a critical role for KLF10 in the transcriptional activation of TGF-βRII in CD8(+) T cells. Thus, KLF10 regulation of TGF-βRII in this cell subset may likely play a critical role in viral and tumor immune responses for which the integrity of the TGF-β1/TGF-βRII signaling pathway is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Krempski
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jesse Reiter
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Phyllis Svingen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yuning Xiong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Olga F Sarmento
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - April Huseby
- Division of Immunology and Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Aaron J Johnson
- Division of Immunology and Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Gwen A Lomberk
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Epigenetic Translational Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Raul A Urrutia
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Epigenetic Translational Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - William A Faubion
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;
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15
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Xiong Y, Svingen PA, Sarmento OO, Smyrk TC, Dave M, Khanna S, Lomberk GA, Urrutia RA, Faubion WA. Differential coupling of KLF10 to Sin3-HDAC and PCAF regulates the inducibility of the FOXP3 gene. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R608-20. [PMID: 24944246 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00085.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inducible gene expression, which requires chromatin remodeling on gene promoters, underlies the epigenetically inherited differentiation program of most immune cells. However, chromatin-mediated mechanisms that underlie these events in T regulatory cells remain to be fully characterized. Here, we report that inducibility of FOXP3, a key transcription factor for the development of T regulatory cells, depends upon Kruppel-like factor 10 (KLF10) interacting with two antagonistic histone-modifying systems. We utilized chromatin immunoprecipitation, genome-integrated reporter assays, and functional domain KLF10 mutant proteins, to characterize reciprocal interactions between this transcription factor and either the Sin3-histone deacetylase complex or the histone acetyltransferase, p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF). We characterize a Sin3-interacting repressor domain on the NH2 terminus of KLF10, which works to limit the activating function of this transcription factor. Indeed, inactivation of this Sin3-interacting domain renders KLF10 able to physically associate with PCAF as to induce FOXP3 gene transcription. We show that this biochemical data derived from studying our genome-integrated reporter cell system are recapitulated in primary murine lymphocytes. Collectively, these results advance our understanding of how a single transcription factor, namely KLF10, functions as a toggle to integrate antagonistic signals regulating FOXP3 and, thus, immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Xiong
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Phyllis A Svingen
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Olga O Sarmento
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Thomas C Smyrk
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Maneesh Dave
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sahil Khanna
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gwen A Lomberk
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Translational Epigenomic Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Raul A Urrutia
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Translational Epigenomic Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - William A Faubion
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Translational Epigenomic Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
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16
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Opyrchal M, Salisbury JL, Zhang S, McCubrey J, Hawse J, Goetz MP, Lomberk GA, Haddad T, Degnim A, Lange C, Ingle JN, Galanis E, D'Assoro AB. Aurora-A mitotic kinase induces endocrine resistance through down-regulation of ERα expression in initially ERα+ breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96995. [PMID: 24816249 PMCID: PMC4016211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of endocrine resistance during tumor progression represents a major challenge in the management of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) positive breast tumors and is an area under intense investigation. Although the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood, many studies point towards the ‘cross-talk’ between ERα and MAPK signaling pathways as a key oncogenic axis responsible for the development of estrogen-independent growth of breast cancer cells that are initially ERα+ and hormone sensitive. In this study we employed a metastatic breast cancer xenograft model harboring constitutive activation of Raf-1 oncogenic signaling to investigate the mechanistic linkage between aberrant MAPK activity and development of endocrine resistance through abrogation of the ERα signaling axis. We demonstrate for the first time the causal role of the Aurora-A mitotic kinase in the development of endocrine resistance through activation of SMAD5 nuclear signaling and down-regulation of ERα expression in initially ERα+ breast cancer cells. This contribution is highly significant for the treatment of endocrine refractory breast carcinomas, because it may lead to the development of novel molecular therapies targeting the Aurora-A/SMAD5 oncogenic axis. We postulate such therapy to result in the selective eradication of endocrine resistant ERαlow/− cancer cells from the bulk tumor with consequent benefits for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Opyrchal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic College Of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey L. Salisbury
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College Of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Shuya Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College Of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - James McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - John Hawse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College Of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Mattew P. Goetz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic College Of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Gwen A. Lomberk
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic College Of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Tufia Haddad
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic College Of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Amy Degnim
- Department of General Surgery, Mayo Clinic College Of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Carol Lange
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - James N. Ingle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic College Of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Evanthia Galanis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic College Of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College Of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ABD); (EG)
| | - Antonino B. D'Assoro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic College Of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College Of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ABD); (EG)
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17
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Hayashi Y, Asuzu DT, Gibbons SJ, Aarsvold KH, Bardsley MR, Lomberk GA, Mathison AJ, Kendrick ML, Shen KR, Taguchi T, Gupta A, Rubin BP, Fletcher JA, Farrugia G, Urrutia RA, Ordog T. Membrane-to-nucleus signaling links insulin-like growth factor-1- and stem cell factor-activated pathways. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76822. [PMID: 24116170 PMCID: PMC3792098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell factor (mouse: Kitl, human: KITLG) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1), acting via KIT and IGF1 receptor (IGF1R), respectively, are critical for the development and integrity of several tissues. Autocrine/paracrine KITLG-KIT and IGF1-IGF1R signaling are also activated in several cancers including gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), the most common sarcoma. In murine gastric muscles, IGF1 promotes Kitl-dependent development of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), the non-neoplastic counterpart of GIST, suggesting cooperation between these pathways. Here, we report a novel mechanism linking IGF1-IGF1R and KITLG-KIT signaling in both normal and neoplastic cells. In murine gastric muscles, the microenvironment for ICC and GIST, human hepatic stellate cells (LX-2), a model for cancer niches, and GIST cells, IGF1 stimulated Kitl/KITLG protein and mRNA expression and promoter activity by activating several signaling pathways including AKT-mediated glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibition (GSK3i). GSK3i alone also stimulated Kitl/KITLG expression without activating mitogenic pathways. Both IGF1 and GSK3i induced chromatin-level changes favoring transcriptional activation at the Kitl promoter including increased histone H3/H4 acetylation and H3 lysine (K) 4 methylation, reduced H3K9 and H3K27 methylation and reduced occupancy by the H3K27 methyltransferase EZH2. By pharmacological or RNA interference-mediated inhibition of chromatin modifiers we demonstrated that these changes have the predicted impact on KITLG expression. KITLG knock-down and immunoneutralization inhibited the proliferation of GIST cells expressing wild-type KIT, signifying oncogenic autocrine/paracrine KITLG-KIT signaling. We conclude that membrane-to-nucleus signaling involving GSK3i establishes a previously unrecognized link between the IGF1-IGF1R and KITLG-KIT pathways, which is active in both physiologic and oncogenic contexts and can be exploited for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Hayashi
- Enteric Neuroscience Program, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - David T. Asuzu
- Enteric Neuroscience Program, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Simon J. Gibbons
- Enteric Neuroscience Program, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kirsten H. Aarsvold
- Enteric Neuroscience Program, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Bardsley
- Enteric Neuroscience Program, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Gwen A. Lomberk
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Angela J. Mathison
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Kendrick
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - K. Robert Shen
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Takahiro Taguchi
- Division of Human Health and Medical Science, Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Anu Gupta
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Lerner Research Institute and Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Brian P. Rubin
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Lerner Research Institute and Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jonathan A. Fletcher
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gianrico Farrugia
- Enteric Neuroscience Program, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Raul A. Urrutia
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Tamas Ordog
- Enteric Neuroscience Program, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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McCleary-Wheeler AL, Lomberk GA, Weiss FU, Schneider G, Fabbri M, Poshusta TL, Dusetti NJ, Baumgart S, Iovanna JL, Ellenrieder V, Urrutia R, Fernandez-Zapico ME. Corrigendum to “Insights into the epigenetic mechanisms controlling pancreatic carcinogenesis” [Cancer Lett. 328 (2) (2012) 212–221]. Cancer Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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McCleary-Wheeler AL, Lomberk GA, Weiss FU, Schneider G, Fabbri M, Poshusta TL, Dusetti NJ, Baumgart S, Iovanna JL, Ellenrieder V, Urrutia R, Fernandez-Zapico ME. Insights into the epigenetic mechanisms controlling pancreatic carcinogenesis. Cancer Lett 2012; 328:212-21. [PMID: 23073473 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During the last couple decades, we have significantly advanced our understanding of mechanisms underlying the development of pancreatic ductual adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In the late 1990s into the early 2000s, a model of PDAC development and progression was developed as a multi-step process associated with the accumulation of somatic mutations. The correlation and association of these particular genetic aberrations with the establishment and progression of PDAC has revolutionized our understanding of this process. However, this model leaves out other molecular events involved in PDAC pathogenesis that contribute to its development and maintenance, specifically those being epigenetic events. Thus, a new model considering the new scientific paradigms of epigenetics will provide a more comprehensive and useful framework for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this disease. Epigenetics is defined as the type of inheritance not based on a particular DNA sequence but rather traits that are passed to the next generation via DNA and histone modifications as well as microRNA-dependent mechanisms. Key tumor suppressors that are well established to play a role in PDAC may be altered through hypermethylation, and oncogenes can be upregulated secondary to permissive histone modifications. Factors involved in tumor invasiveness can be aberrantly expressed through dysregulated microRNAs. A noteworthy characteristic of epigenetic-based inheritance is its reversibility, which is in contrast to the stable nature of DNA sequence-based alterations. Given this nature of epigenetic alterations, it becomes imperative that our understanding of epigenetic-based events promoting and maintaining PDAC continues to grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L McCleary-Wheeler
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Rochester, MN, USA
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Xiong Y, Khanna S, Grzenda AL, Sarmento OF, Svingen PA, Lomberk GA, Urrutia RA, Faubion WA. Polycomb antagonizes p300/CREB-binding protein-associated factor to silence FOXP3 in a Kruppel-like factor-dependent manner. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:34372-85. [PMID: 22896699 PMCID: PMC3464543 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.325332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inducible gene expression underlies the epigenetically inherited differentiation program of most immune cells. We report that the promoter of the FOXP3 gene possesses two distinct functional states: an "off state" mediated by the polycomb histone methyltransferase complex and a histone acetyltransferase-dependent "on state." Regulating these states is the presence of a Kruppel-like factor (KLF)-containing Polycomb response element. In the KLF10(-/-) mouse, the FOXP3 promoter is epigenetically silenced by EZH2 (Enhancer of Zeste 2)-mediated trimethylation of Histone 3 K27; thus, impaired FOXP3 induction and inappropriate adaptive T regulatory cell differentiation results in vitro and in vivo. The epigenetic transmittance of adaptive T regulatory cell deficiency is demonstrated throughout more than 40 generations of mice. These results provide insight into chromatin remodeling events key to phenotypic features of distinct T cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Xiong
- From the Chromatin Dynamics and Epigenetics Laboratory
- the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Sahil Khanna
- From the Chromatin Dynamics and Epigenetics Laboratory
- the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Adrienne L. Grzenda
- From the Chromatin Dynamics and Epigenetics Laboratory
- the Departments of Molecular Biology and
- the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Olga F. Sarmento
- From the Chromatin Dynamics and Epigenetics Laboratory
- the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Phyllis A. Svingen
- From the Chromatin Dynamics and Epigenetics Laboratory
- the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Gwen A. Lomberk
- From the Chromatin Dynamics and Epigenetics Laboratory
- the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Raul A. Urrutia
- From the Chromatin Dynamics and Epigenetics Laboratory
- the Departments of Molecular Biology and
- the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - William A. Faubion
- From the Chromatin Dynamics and Epigenetics Laboratory
- Immunology, and
- the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
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Kitange GJ, Mladek AC, Carlson BL, Schroeder MA, Pokorny JL, Cen L, Decker PA, Wu W, Lomberk GA, Gupta SK, Urrutia RA, Sarkaria JN. Inhibition of histone deacetylation potentiates the evolution of acquired temozolomide resistance linked to MGMT upregulation in glioblastoma xenografts. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:4070-9. [PMID: 22675172 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-0560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The therapeutic benefit of temozolomide in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is limited by resistance. The goal of this study was to elucidate mechanisms of temozolomide resistance in GBM. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We developed an in vivo GBM model of temozolomide resistance and used paired parental and temozolomide-resistant tumors to define the mechanisms underlying the development of resistance and the influence of histone deacetylation (HDAC) inhibition. RESULTS Analysis of paired parental and resistant lines showed upregulation of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) expression in 3 of the 5 resistant xenografts. While no significant change was detected in MGMT promoter methylation between parental and derivative-resistant samples, chromatin immunoprecipitation showed an association between MGMT upregulation and elevated acetylation of lysine 9 of histone H3 (H3K9-ac) and decreased dimethylation (H3K9-me2) in GBM12 and GBM14. In contrast, temozolomide resistance development in GBM22 was not linked to MGMT expression, and both parental and resistant lines had low H3K9-ac and high H3K9-me2 within the MGMT promoter. In the GBM12TMZ-resistant line, MGMT reexpression was accompanied by increased recruitment of SP1, C-JUN, NF-κB, and p300 within the MGMT promoter. Interestingly, combined treatment of GBM12 flank xenografts with temozolomide and the HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) favored the evolution of temozolomide resistance by MGMT overexpression as compared with treatment with temozolomide alone. CONCLUSION This study shows, for the first time, a unique mechanism of temozolomide resistance development driven by chromatin-mediated MGMT upregulation and highlights the potential for epigenetically directed therapies to influence the mechanisms of resistance development in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaspar J Kitange
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
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Daftary GS, Lomberk GA, Buttar NS, Allen TW, Grzenda A, Zhang J, Zheng Y, Mathison AJ, Gada RP, Calvo E, Iovanna JL, Billadeau DD, Prendergast FG, Urrutia R. Detailed structural-functional analysis of the Krüppel-like factor 16 (KLF16) transcription factor reveals novel mechanisms for silencing Sp/KLF sites involved in metabolism and endocrinology. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:7010-25. [PMID: 22203677 PMCID: PMC3293586 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.266007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor (KLF) proteins have elicited significant attention due to their emerging key role in metabolic and endocrine diseases. Here, we extend this knowledge through the biochemical characterization of KLF16, unveiling novel mechanisms regulating expression of genes involved in reproductive endocrinology. We found that KLF16 selectively binds three distinct KLF-binding sites (GC, CA, and BTE boxes). KLF16 also regulated the expression of several genes essential for metabolic and endocrine processes in sex steroid-sensitive uterine cells. Mechanistically, we determined that KLF16 possesses an activation domain that couples to histone acetyltransferase-mediated pathways, as well as a repression domain that interacts with the histone deacetylase chromatin-remodeling system via all three Sin3 isoforms, suggesting a higher level of plasticity in chromatin cofactor selection. Molecular modeling combined with molecular dynamic simulations of the Sin3a-KLF16 complex revealed important insights into how this interaction occurs at an atomic resolution level, predicting that phosphorylation of Tyr-10 may modulate KLF16 function. Phosphorylation of KLF16 was confirmed by in vivo32P incorporation and controlled by a Y10F site-directed mutant. Inhibition of Src-type tyrosine kinase signaling as well as the nonphosphorylatable Y10F mutation disrupted KLF16-mediated gene silencing, demonstrating that its function is regulatable rather than constitutive. Subcellular localization studies revealed that signal-induced nuclear translocation and euchromatic compartmentalization constitute an additional mechanism for regulating KLF16 function. Thus, this study lends insights on key biochemical mechanisms for regulating KLF sites involved in reproductive biology. These data also contribute to the new functional information that is applicable to understanding KLF16 and other highly related KLF proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurang S Daftary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Without any alteration of DNA sequence, heritable changes in gene expression, caused by epigenetic pathways, are gaining a spotlight in research of diseases, and in particular, cancer. Although the dominant paradigm in cancer research, proposed by Vogelstein, suggested that cancer progression was caused by a sequential accumulation of genetic aberrations, basic science studies in epigenetics have now advanced our knowledge enough to apply its concepts and methodology to the study of cancer. In fact, chromatin dynamics and small RNAs are altered far more prevalently in cancer than genetic alterations and most important, can be reversible, lending themselves as attractive therapeutic targets. CONCLUDING REMARKS In the current review, the inactivation of p16 will be utilized as the most prominent example of epigenetic silencing of a tumor suppressor gene in pancreatic cancer. In addition, fundamental insight will be given into why and how epigenetics can be targeted for therapeutic purposes. This knowledge will help the reader in determining the breadth and depth of this field of study with potentially high impact to oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen A Lomberk
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, 10-24C Guggenheim Building, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Xiao TZ, Bhatia N, Urrutia R, Lomberk GA, Simpson A, Longley BJ. MAGE I transcription factors regulate KAP1 and KRAB domain zinc finger transcription factor mediated gene repression. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23747. [PMID: 21876767 PMCID: PMC3158099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Class I MAGE proteins (MAGE I) are normally expressed only in developing germ cells but are aberrantly expressed in many cancers. They have been shown to promote tumor survival, aggressive growth, and chemoresistance but the underlying mechanisms and MAGE I functions have not been fully elucidated. KRAB domain zinc finger transcription factors (KZNFs) are the largest group of vertebrate transcription factors and regulate neoplastic transformation, tumor suppression, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis. KZNFs bind the KAP1 protein and direct KAP1 to specific DNA sequences where it suppresses gene expression by inducing localized heterochromatin characterized by histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3me3K9). Discovery that MAGE I proteins also bind to KAP1 prompted us to investigate whether MAGE I can affect KZNF and KAP1 mediated gene regulation. We found that expression of MAGE I proteins, MAGE-A3 or MAGE-C2, relieved repression of a reporter gene by ZNF382, a KZNF with tumor suppressor activity. ChIP of MAGE I (-) HEK293T cells showed KAP1 and H3me3K9 are normally bound to the ID1 gene, a target of ZNF382, but that binding is greatly reduced in the presence of MAGE I proteins. MAGE I expression relieved KAP1 mediated ID1 repression, causing increased expression of ID1 mRNA and ID1 chromatin relaxation characterized by loss of H3me3K9. MAGE I binding to KAP1 also induced ZNF382 poly-ubiquitination and degradation, consistent with loss of ZNF382 leading to decreased KAP1 binding to ID1. In contrast, MAGE I expression caused increased KAP1 binding to Ki67, another KAP1 target gene, with increased H3me3K9 and decreased Ki67 mRNA expression. Since KZNFs are required to direct KAP1 to specific genes, these results show that MAGE I proteins can differentially regulate members of the KZNF family and KAP1 mediated gene repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Z. Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TZX); (BJL)
| | - Neehar Bhatia
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Raul Urrutia
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Gwen A. Lomberk
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Andrew Simpson
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - B. Jack Longley
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TZX); (BJL)
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Bardsley MR, Horváth VJ, Asuzu DT, Lorincz A, Redelman D, Hayashi Y, Popko LN, Young DL, Lomberk GA, Urrutia RA, Farrugia G, Rubin BP, Ordog T. Kitlow stem cells cause resistance to Kit/platelet-derived growth factor alpha inhibitors in murine gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Gastroenterology 2010. [PMID: 20621681 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.05.08336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are related to interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and often contain activating stem cell factor receptor (Kit) or platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (Pdgfra) mutations. Kit/Pdgfra inhibitors such as imatinib mesylate have increased progression-free survival in metastatic GIST but are not curative. In mouse models we investigated whether Kit(low) ICC progenitors could represent an inherently Kit/Pdgfra inhibitor-resistant reservoir for GIST. METHODS Isolated Kit(low)Cd44(+)Cd34(+) cells were characterized after serial cloning. The tumorigenic potential of spontaneously transformed cells was investigated in nude mice. The Kit(low)Cd44(+)Cd34(+) cells' responsiveness to Kit activation and blockade was studied by enumerating them in Kit(K641E) mice (a GIST model), in mice with defective Kit signaling, and pharmacologically. RESULTS Single isolated Kit(low)Cd44(+)Cd34(+) cells were clonogenic and capable of self-renewal and differentiation into ICC. In nude mice, spontaneously transformed cells formed malignant tumors expressing GIST markers. The Kit(low)Cd44(+)Cd34(+) cells were resistant to in vitro Kit blockade, including by imatinib, and occurred in normal numbers in mice with reduced Kit signaling. In Kit(K641E) mice, the mutant ICC stem cells were grossly hyperplastic but remained imatinib-resistant. In contrast, the cancer stem, cell-targeting drug salinomycin blocked the proliferation of Kit(low)Cd44(+)Cd34(+) cells and increased their sensitivity to imatinib. CONCLUSIONS Kit(low)Cd44(+)Cd34(+) progenitors are true stem cells for normal and hyperplastic ICC and give rise to GIST. Resistance to Kit/Pdgfra inhibitors is inherent in GIST and is caused by the native ICC stem cells' lack of dependence on Kit for survival, which is maintained after the acquisition of oncogenic Kit mutation. Cancer stem cell drugs may target these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Bardsley
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Bardsley MR, Horváth VJ, Asuzu DT, Lorincz A, Redelman D, Hayashi Y, Popko LN, Young DL, Lomberk GA, Urrutia RA, Farrugia G, Rubin BP, Ordog T. Kitlow stem cells cause resistance to Kit/platelet-derived growth factor alpha inhibitors in murine gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Gastroenterology 2010; 139:942-52. [PMID: 20621681 PMCID: PMC2933938 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are related to interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and often contain activating stem cell factor receptor (Kit) or platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (Pdgfra) mutations. Kit/Pdgfra inhibitors such as imatinib mesylate have increased progression-free survival in metastatic GIST but are not curative. In mouse models we investigated whether Kit(low) ICC progenitors could represent an inherently Kit/Pdgfra inhibitor-resistant reservoir for GIST. METHODS Isolated Kit(low)Cd44(+)Cd34(+) cells were characterized after serial cloning. The tumorigenic potential of spontaneously transformed cells was investigated in nude mice. The Kit(low)Cd44(+)Cd34(+) cells' responsiveness to Kit activation and blockade was studied by enumerating them in Kit(K641E) mice (a GIST model), in mice with defective Kit signaling, and pharmacologically. RESULTS Single isolated Kit(low)Cd44(+)Cd34(+) cells were clonogenic and capable of self-renewal and differentiation into ICC. In nude mice, spontaneously transformed cells formed malignant tumors expressing GIST markers. The Kit(low)Cd44(+)Cd34(+) cells were resistant to in vitro Kit blockade, including by imatinib, and occurred in normal numbers in mice with reduced Kit signaling. In Kit(K641E) mice, the mutant ICC stem cells were grossly hyperplastic but remained imatinib-resistant. In contrast, the cancer stem, cell-targeting drug salinomycin blocked the proliferation of Kit(low)Cd44(+)Cd34(+) cells and increased their sensitivity to imatinib. CONCLUSIONS Kit(low)Cd44(+)Cd34(+) progenitors are true stem cells for normal and hyperplastic ICC and give rise to GIST. Resistance to Kit/Pdgfra inhibitors is inherent in GIST and is caused by the native ICC stem cells' lack of dependence on Kit for survival, which is maintained after the acquisition of oncogenic Kit mutation. Cancer stem cell drugs may target these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Bardsley
- Enteric Neuroscience Program and Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Viktor J. Horváth
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - David T. Asuzu
- Enteric Neuroscience Program and Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Andrea Lorincz
- Enteric Neuroscience Program and Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Doug Redelman
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Yujiro Hayashi
- Enteric Neuroscience Program and Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Laura N. Popko
- Enteric Neuroscience Program and Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - David L. Young
- Enteric Neuroscience Program and Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Gwen A. Lomberk
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Raul A. Urrutia
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Gianrico Farrugia
- Enteric Neuroscience Program and Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Brian P. Rubin
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Lerner Research Institute and Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Tamas Ordog
- Enteric Neuroscience Program and Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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Lomberk GA, Imoto I, Gebelein B, Urrutia R, Cook TA. Conservation of the TGFbeta/Labial homeobox signaling loop in endoderm-derived cells between Drosophila and mammals. Pancreatology 2010; 10:74-84. [PMID: 20339309 PMCID: PMC2865486 DOI: 10.1159/000276895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Midgut formation in Drosophila melanogaster is dependent upon the integrity of a signaling loop in the endoderm which requires the TGFbeta-related peptide, Decapentaplegic, and the Hox transcription factor, Labial. Interestingly, although Labial-like homeobox genes are present in mammals, their participation in endoderm morphogenesis is not clearly understood. METHODS We report the cloning, expression, localization, TGFbeta inducibility, and biochemical properties of the mammalian Labial-like homeobox, HoxA1, in exocrine pancreatic cells that are embryologically derived from the gut endoderm. RESULTS HoxA1 is expressed in pancreatic cell populations as two alternatively spliced messages, encoding proteins that share their N-terminal domain, but either lack or include the homeobox at the C-terminus. Transcriptional regulatory assays demonstrate that the shared N-terminal domain behaves as a strong transcriptional activator in exocrine pancreatic cells. HoxA1 is an early response gene for TGFbeta(1) in pancreatic epithelial cell populations and HoxA1 protein co-localizes with TGFbeta(1) receptors in the embryonic pancreatic epithelium at a time when exocrine pancreatic morphogenesis occurs (days E16 and E17). CONCLUSIONS These results report a role for HoxA1 in linking TGFbeta-mediated signaling to gene expression in pancreatic epithelial cell populations, thus suggesting a high degree of conservation for a TGFbeta/labial signaling loop in endoderm-derived cells between Drosophila and mammals. and IAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen A. Lomberk
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn., USA
| | - Issei Imoto
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Genome Medicine, Hard Tissue Genome Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Brian Gebelein
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Raul Urrutia
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn., USA
| | - Tiffany A. Cook
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA,Department of Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA,*Tiffany A. Cook, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 7003, Cincinnati, OH 45229 (USA), Tel. +1 513 636 6991, Fax +1 513 803 0740, E-Mail
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