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Phase 2A Learnings Incorporated into RewinD-LB, a Phase 2B Clinical Trial of Neflamapimod in Dementia with Lewy Bodies. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2024; 11:549-557. [PMID: 38706271 PMCID: PMC11061005 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2024.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In an exploratory 91-participant phase 2a clinical trial (AscenD-LB, NCT04001517) in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), neflamapimod showed improvement over placebo on multiple clinical endpoints. To confirm those results, a phase 2b clinical study (RewinD-LB, NCT05869669 ) that is similar to AscenD-LB has been initiated. OBJECTIVES To optimize the choice of patient population, primary endpoint, and biomarker evaluations in RewinD-LB. DESIGN Evaluation of the efficacy results from AscenD-LB, the main results of which, and a re-analysis after stratification for absence or presence of AD co-pathology (assessed by plasma ptau181), have been published. In addition, the MRI data from a prior phase 2a clinical trial in Early Alzheimer's disease (AD), were reviewed. SETTING 22 clinical sites in the US and 2 in the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS Probable DLB by consensus criteria and abnormal dopamine uptake by DaTscan™ (Ioflupane I123 SPECT). INTERVENTION Neflamapimod 40mg capsules or matching placebo capsules, twice-a-day (BID) or three-times-a-day (TID), for 16 weeks. MEASUREMENTS 6-test Neuropsychological Test Battery (NTB) assessing attention and executive function, Clinical Dementia Rating Sum-of-Boxes (CDR-SB), Timed Up and Go (TUG), International Shopping List Test (ISLT). RESULTS Within AscenD-LB, patients without evidence of AD co-pathology exhibited a neflamapimod treatment effect that was greater than that in the overall population and substantial (cohen's d effect size vs. placebo ≥ for CDR-SB, TUG, Attention and ISLT-recognition). In addition, the CDR-SB and TUG performed better than the cognitive tests to demonstrate neflamapimod treatment effect in comparison to placebo. Further, clinical trial simulations indicate with 160-patients (randomized 1:1), RewinD-LB conducted in patients without AD co-pathology has >95% (approaching 100%) statistical power to detect significant improvement over placebo on the CDR-SB. Preliminary evidence of positive treatment effects on beta functional connectivity by EEG and basal forebrain atrophy by MRI were obtained in AscenD-LB and the Early AD study, respectively. CONCLUSION In addition to use of a single dose regimen of neflamapimod (40mg TID), key distinctions between phase 2b and phase 2a include RewinD-LB (1) excluding patients with AD co-pathology, (2) having CDR-SB as the primary endpoint, and (3) having MRI studies to evaluate effects on basal forebrain atrophy.
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[Comparison of 5-year follow-up outcomes between"one-stop"procedure and long-term oral anticoagulants after radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation]. ZHONGHUA XIN XUE GUAN BING ZA ZHI 2023; 51:951-957. [PMID: 37709711 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20230622-00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To compare the 5-year follow-up outcomes of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) combined with left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) and long-term oral anticoagulant (OAC) after RFCA in patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included patients with atrial fibrillation who underwent"one-stop"procedure in the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University from September 2015 to December 2017 (RFCA+LAAC group). Baseline data of patients were collected. Propensity score matching at the ratio of 1∶1 was used to select patients with atrial fibrillation who took long-term OAC after RFCA (RFCA+OAC group). The maintenance rate of sinus rhythm and the incidence of adverse events during follow-up were compared between the two groups. Results: A total of 110 patients were enrolled in the RFCA+LAAC group and RFCA+OAC group, respectively. Age of patients was (67.4±8.8) years in RFCA+LAAC group, and there were 42 (38.2%) female patients. Age of patients was (67.3±7.9) years in RFCA+OAC group, and there were 47 (42.7%) female patients. The patients were followed up for mean of (5.3±1.1) years. There was no significant difference in the maintenance rate of sinus rhythm (log-rank: χ2=0.277, P=0.602) and incidence of ischemic stroke events (2.7% (3/110) vs. 4.5% (5/110), P=0.719) during follow-up between the two groups. The incidence of bleeding events (6.4% (7/110) vs. 18.2% (20/110), P=0.008) and major bleeding events (1.8% (2/110) vs. 8.2% (9/110), P=0.030) was significantly higher in the RFCA+OAC group than in the RFCA+LAAC group. Conclusion: There is no significant difference between RFCA+LAAC group and RFCA+OAC group in maintenance rate of sinus rhythm and incidence of ischemic stroke events. Patients in the RFCA+LAAC group have a lower risk of bleeding events compared to the RFCA+OAC group.
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[Feasibility and safety of closing large left atrial appendage using the LAmbre device]. ZHONGHUA XIN XUE GUAN BING ZA ZHI 2022; 50:780-784. [PMID: 35982010 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20220503-00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of the LAmbre occluder for large-diameter left atrial appendage occlusion. Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort study. Patients with large orifice of the left atrial appendage (≥31 mm) and occlusion with the LAmbre device in the Arrhythmia Center of Ningbo First Hospital were included from June 2018 to March 2020. Baseline data were collected and major perioperative complications of left atrial appendage occlusion (including death, stroke, instrumental embolism, cardiac tamponade, and major bleeding events) were recorded. Patients were followed up 45 days, 6 months and 12 months after surgery. The shunt and device-related thrombosis were recorded by esophageal cardiac ultrasound or pulmonary vein CT, and the occurrence of postoperative thromboembolism, bleeding events, death and other serious adverse events were recorded. Results: The average age and left atrial appendage ostial dimension of 32 patients (37.5% women) included in this research were (70.4±8.4) years old and (34.4±2.9) mm. The LAmbre device was successfully implanted in 31(96.9%) patients. No major complications occurred during the perioperative period. During the 12-month follow-up, pericardial tamponade occurred in 1(3.2%) patient and was recovered after treatment. There was no occluder edge shunt>5 mm in patients followed up by esophageal echocardiography. No significant peri-device leak, device-related thrombus, thromboembolism or death event has occurred. Conclusion: The LAmbre occluder may be feasible and safe for large-diameter left atrial appendage occlusion.
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[Progress in the application of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging in atrial fibrillation]. ZHONGHUA XIN XUE GUAN BING ZA ZHI 2020; 48:706-709. [PMID: 32847330 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20190930-00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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A patient-oriented, general-practitioner-level, deep-learning-based cutaneous pigmented lesion risk classifier on a smartphone. Br J Dermatol 2020; 182:1498-1500. [PMID: 31907926 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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[Advance in pulsed electric fields ablation for atrial fibrillation]. ZHONGHUA XIN XUE GUAN BING ZA ZHI 2019; 47:1018-1020. [PMID: 31877602 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3758.2019.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Management of hyperparathyroid-induced hypercalcaemic crisis with intracardiac thrombi. Anaesth Rep 2019; 7:83-87. [PMID: 32051958 DOI: 10.1002/anr3.12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A 29-year-old previously healthy patient presented with a hyperparathyroid-induced hypercalcaemic crisis refractory to conventional therapy. The patient developed ventricular fibrillation and subsequently required emergency parathyroidectomy and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Extensive intracardiac and pulmonary trunk thrombi were identified soon after the commencement of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, despite full anticoagulation. In this report we highlight the non-specific presentations of hypercalcaemia which may lead to delayed diagnosis, and discuss the incidence, risk factors and treatment of a hyperparathyroid-induced hypercalcaemic crisis. We emphasise the role of emergency parathyroidectomy as a salvage therapy in medically refractory We consider the likely factors leading to intracardiac thrombi formation in this case, including how hypercalcaemia may have been a contributing factor.
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Effectiveness and tolerability of a once-daily amprenavir/ritonavir-containing highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen in antiretroviral-naïve patients at risk for nonadherence: 48-week results after 24 weeks of directly observed therapy. HIV Med 2004; 5:364-70. [PMID: 15369512 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2004.00236.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the safety and effectiveness of a once-daily highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen in patients at risk for poor adherence using directly observed therapy (DOT) for 24 weeks followed by weekly phone contact for another 24 weeks. METHODS A prospective, open-label pilot study was carried out. Antiretroviral-naïve patients with advanced HIV disease were treated with once-daily amprenavir 1200 mg, ritonavir 200 mg, didanosine 400 mg and lamivudine 300 mg. After 24 weeks, DOT was substituted by weekly phone contact. Measurements of viral load and CD4 cell count, and safety laboratory measurements, were taken regularly for 48 weeks. RESULTS Twenty-two patients were enrolled in the study, of whom 19 completed at least 4 weeks of treatment. Seventeen patients completed 24 weeks and 13 completed 48 weeks. None discontinued treatment as a result of adverse events. The median baseline HIV viral load was 5.29 log(10) HIV-1 RNA copies/mL and the median CD4 cell count was 20 cells/microL. At weeks 24 and 48, 74% of the patients had viral loads <400 copies/mL. At 48 weeks, the median decrease in viral load from baseline was 3.06 log(10) copies/mL, and the median increase in CD4 cell count was 118 cells/microL. The median trough plasma amprenavir concentrations at weeks 1 and 24 were 1.87 and 1.42 microg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that DOT followed by weekly patient contact results in good treatment outcome in this challenging population. The median trough plasma amprenavir concentrations were above the effective concentration of drug that resulted in 90% inhibition of viral load in vivo (EC(90)) for wild-type HIV.
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Abstract
Atypical antipsychotic drugs (APDs) such as clozapine and olanzapine antagonize both D(1) and D(2) receptors; however, little is known regarding their pharmacologic effect on specific neuronal elements within the local circuitry of corticolimbic regions, such as medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). To characterize the effect of short-term antagonism of the D(1) receptor a high-resolution autoradiographic technique was used to assess the density (B(max)) and affinity (K(d)) of this receptor on pyramidal cells (i.e., large neurons (LNs, >/=100 microm(2))), nonpyramidal cells (i.e., small neurons (SNs, <100 microm(2))) and in the surrounding neuropil (NPL) of layer VI in rat mPFC. Either normal saline or the selective D(1) antagonist SCH23390 (1.0 mg/kg/day) were administered for 48 h via Alzet osmotic pumps. Frozen sections were incubated in [(3)H]SCH23390 (1-8 nM) in the presence or absence of the competitive inhibitor SKF38393 (10 microM). A microscopic adaptation to Scatchard analysis revealed a significant increase (82%) in B(max) for neuronal cell bodies (P < 0.05), but not for neuropil of drug-treated animals. Further analysis indicated that the increase in B(max) was present on SNs (94%, P < 0.05), but not LNs in SCH23390-treated rats. In contrast, K(d) values for LNs, SNs, and NPL were not significantly altered by drug treatment. Since the vast majority of SNs are nonpyramidal in nature, short-term administration of a selective D(1) antagonist seems to be associated with a preferential upregulation of this receptor on interneurons. Overall, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that the mechanism of action of atypical antipsychotic medications involves changes in D(1) receptor activity associated with local circuit neurons in rat mPFC.
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Abstract
The dopamine D4 receptor may be a site through which the clinical effects of antipsychotic drugs are mediated. Polymorphisms of a 48 base pair repeat in the third exon of the DRD4 gene code for different length segments in the third intracytoplasmic loop of the D4 receptor. The most common long (seven repeat) form of the D4 receptor has been shown in both physiologic and pharmacologic experiments to respond differently to dopamine agonists and antagonists than do shorter forms of D4. Thus, variants of D4 may partly determine patient response to antipsychotic drugs and, in particular, response to typical neuroleptics, which have a relatively low affinity for the D4 receptor, as compared to clozapine, which has a relatively high affinity for D4. DRD4 polymorphisms in the third intron were characterized in 28 patients with chronic psychosis who responded well to typical neuroleptics, 32 patients who responded well to clozapine, and 57 healthy comparison subjects. Patients responding to typical neuroleptics carried the allele for the long (seven repeat) form of the D4 receptor (allele frequency 8.9%) less frequently than patients responding to clozapine (allele frequency 23.4%, P = 0.046) or healthy comparison subjects (allele frequency 26.3%, P = 0.004). The results of this study suggest that inherited variants of D4 may explain some of the interindividual variation seen in patient response to different classes of antipsychotic medication.
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Abstract
Serotonin 5-HT2C receptor null mutant mice were generated to assess the contribution of this receptor to the actions of serotonin. Mutant mice displayed both an epilepsy and obesity phenotype. The epilepsy syndrome was characterized by spontaneous seizures, lowered seizure threshold, enhanced seizure propagation and sound-induced seizure susceptibility. These findings implicate 5-HT2C receptors in the regulation of neuronal network excitability. It was also observed that body weight and adipose tissue deposition were elevated in adult mutant mice relative to their wild type littermates. Paired-feeding studies suggest that the obesity syndrome is a result of increased food intake. In addition, mutants displayed reduced sensitivity to the appetite suppressant actions of non-specific serotonergic agonists. These studies establish a role for 5-HT2C receptors in the serotonergic regulation of body weight and food intake.
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Elevated anxiety and antidepressant-like responses in serotonin 5-HT1A receptor mutant mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:15049-54. [PMID: 9844013 PMCID: PMC24573 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.25.15049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) system is a powerful modulator of emotional processes and a target of medications used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. To evaluate the contribution of serotonin 5-HT1A receptors to the regulation of these processes, we have used gene-targeting technology to generate 5-HT1A receptor-mutant mice. These animals lack functional 5-HT1A receptors as indicated by receptor autoradiography and by resistance to the hypothermic effects of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT). Homozygous mutants display a consistent pattern of responses indicative of elevated anxiety levels in open-field, elevated-zero maze, and novel-object assays. Moreover, they exhibit antidepressant-like responses in a tail-suspension assay. These results indicate that the targeted disruption of the 5-HT1A receptor gene leads to heritable perturbations in the serotonergic regulation of emotional state. 5-HT1A receptor-null mutant mice have potential as a model for investigating mechanisms through which serotonergic systems modulate affective state and mediate the actions of psychiatric drugs.
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Novel interactions between human T-cell leukemia virus type I Tax and activating transcription factor 3 at a cyclic AMP-responsive element. Mol Cell Biol 1994; 14:4958-74. [PMID: 8007991 PMCID: PMC358868 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.14.7.4958-4974.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human proenkephalin gene transcription is transactivated by human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) Tax in human Jurkat T lymphocytes. This transactivation was further enhanced in Jurkat cells treated with concanavalin A, cyclic AMP, or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Deletion and cis-element transfer analyses of the human proenkephalin promoter identified a cyclic AMP-responsive AP-1 element (-92 to -86) as both necessary and sufficient to confer Tax-dependent transactivation. Different AP-1 or cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB)/activating transcription factor (ATF) proteins which bind this element were expressed in murine teratocarcinoma F9 cells to identify those capable of mediating Tax-dependent transactivation of human proenkephalin gene transcription. Although CREB, c-Fos, c-Jun, and JunD did not have significant effects, JunB inhibited the Tax-dependent transactivation. In contrast, ATF3 dramatically induced Tax-dependent transactivation, which was further enhanced by protein kinase A. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays with recombinant fusion proteins expressed and purified from bacteria indicate that the DNA-binding activity of ATF3 is also dramatically enhanced by Tax. Chimeric fusion proteins consisting of the DNA-binding domain of the yeast transcription factor Gal4 and the amino-terminal domain (residues 1 to 66) of ATF3 were able to mediate Tax-dependent transactivation of a Gal4-responsive promoter, which suggests a direct involvement of this region of ATF3. Recombinant fusion proteins of glutathione S-transferase with either the amino- or carboxy-terminal (residues 139 to 181) domain of ATF3 were able to specifically interact with Tax. Furthermore, specific antisera directed against Tax coimmunoprecipitated ATF3 only in the presence of Tax.
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Activating transcription factor-3 stimulates 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent gene expression. Mol Endocrinol 1994; 8:59-68. [PMID: 8152431 DOI: 10.1210/mend.8.1.8152431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor-3 (ATF-3) is one member of a large family of leucine zipper transcription factors which bind to promoters responsive to cAMP and phorbol ester at the related cAMP (CRE) and phorbol ester response elements. We report here that ATF-3 is coexpressed with the neuropeptide precursor proenkephalin in human neuroblastoma SK-N-MC cells. Cotransfection experiments indicate that activation of proenkephalin gene expression by ATF-3 is dependent upon both the catalytic subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase and the CRE-2 element. The CRE-2 element is essential for second messenger-inducible expression and is known to bind AP-1-like transcription factors. ATF-3 expressed in bacteria or from rabbit reticulocyte lysates binds to the proenkephalin CRE-2 element as a homodimer and as a heterodimer with Jun-D, another activator of proenkephalin transcription. ATF-3 stimulates binding of Jun-D to the proenkephalin CRE-2 element and acts synergistically with Jun-D to induce proenkephalin gene expression. Sequential immunoprecipitations of ATF-3 from SK-N-MC cells expressing proenkephalin indicate that ATF-3 is complexed with Jun-D in vivo and that both proteins are highly phosphorylated. Together, our results suggest that ATF-3 may play an important role in the regulation of gene expression by cAMP-dependent intracellular signaling pathways.
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Molecular cloning and analysis of Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad9, a gene involved in DNA repair and mutagenesis. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1992; 232:367-76. [PMID: 1588907 DOI: 10.1007/bf00266239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The mutant allele rad9-192 renders Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells sensitive to ionizing radiation and UV light. We have isolated from a S. pombe genomic DNA library a unique recombinant plasmid that is capable of restoring wild-type levels of radioresistance to a rad9-192-containing cell population. Plasmid integration studies using the cloned DNA, coupled with mating and tetrad analyses, indicate that this isolated DNA contains the wild-type rad9 gene. We inactivated the repair function of the cloned fragment by a single insertion of the S. pombe ura4 gene. This nonfunctional fragment was used to create a viable disruption mutant, thus demonstrating that the rad9 gene does not encode an essential cellular function. In addition, the rad9-192 mutant population is as radiosensitive as the disruption mutant, indicating that rad9 gene function is severely if not totally inhibited by the molecular defect responsible for the rad9-192 phenotype. DNA sequence analysis of rad9 reveals an open reading frame of 1,278 bp, interrupted by three introns 53 bp, 57 bp, and 56 bp long, respectively, and ending in the termination codon TAG. This gene is capable of encoding a protein of 426 amino acids, with a corresponding calculated molecular weight of 47,464 daltons. No significant homology was detected between the rad9 gene or its deduced protein sequence and sequences previously entered into DNA and protein sequence data banks.
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cAMP-dependent regulation of proenkephalin by JunD and JunB: positive and negative effects of AP-1 proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991; 88:10222-6. [PMID: 1719551 PMCID: PMC52900 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.22.10222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that JunD, a component of the AP-1 transcription factor complex, activates transcription of the human proenkephalin gene in a fashion that is completely dependent upon the cAMP-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase A. Activation of proenkephalin transcription by JunD is dependent upon a previously characterized cAMP-, phorbol ester-, and Ca(2+)-inducible enhancer, and JunD is shown to bind the enhancer as a homodimer. Another component of the AP-1 transcription complex, JunB, is shown to inhibit activation mediated by JunD. As a homodimer JunB is unable to bind the enhancer; however in the presence of c-Fos, high-affinity binding is observed. Furthermore, JunD is shown to activate transcription of genes linked to both cAMP and phorbol ester response elements in a protein kinase A-dependent fashion, further blurring the distinction between these response elements. These results demonstrate that the transcriptional activity of an AP-1-related protein is regulated by the cAMP-dependent second-messenger pathway and suggest that JunD and other AP-1-related proteins may play an important role in the regulation of gene expression by cAMP-dependent intracellular signaling pathways.
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Abstract
A short region of the human proenkephalin promoter has been shown previously to mediate transcriptional regulation in response to activation of the cAMP, TPA, and Ca+ + dependent intracellular signalling pathways. Two adjacent DNA elements, CRE-1 and CRE-2, are essential for this regulation although neither element alone is sufficient for inducible expression. The CRE-2 element consists of overlapping binding sites for the transcription factors AP-1 and AP-4. The CRE-1 element has been shown to interact with a DNA binding factor called ENKTF-1. Here we characterize proteins from bovine brain which bind the CRE-1 element of the human proenkephalin gene. Interactions between proteins binding the CRE-1 and CRE-2 elements are characterized in vitro using affinity purified DNA binding proteins. We demonstrate that CRE-1 binding proteins from bovine brain consist of three different polypeptides each belonging to the NF-I family of transcription factors. Point mutation analysis of the contacts of these proteins with the CRE-1 element indicate that NF-I proteins contact the inducible enhancer at the sequence CTGGCxxxxxxCCT which overlaps the CRE-1 element (underlined) defined by in vivo point mutation analysis. Cotransfection of one of the three NF-I proteins purified from bovine brain, NF-I/Red1, together with a proenkephalin/bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) fusion gene repressed protein kinase A or forskolin stimulated CAT expression.
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Effects of social change on mental disorders in Taiwan: observations based on a 15-year follow-up survey of general populations in three communities. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 1989; 348:11-33; discussion 167-78. [PMID: 2801174 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb05213.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Changes in ovarian ultrastructure and ecdysteroid titer during the aging process of female Xyleborus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). J Morphol 1983; 177:245-54. [PMID: 6644821 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1051770303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Striking ultrastructural and hormonal parameters of premature menopause and aging are reported in female Xyleborus ferrugineus fed cholesterol, rather than 7-dehydrocholesterol, as a sole dietary sterol. The titer of free ecdysteroids in such 63-day-old females remained abnormally elevated through the period of the ovarian cycle. A similar plateauing of such elevated titer also occurred in 147-day-old, irregularly cycling females fed only cholesterol as the dietary sterol. These hormonal changes in menopausing X. ferrugineus females seem especially analogous to the maintenance of an elevated concentration of 17-beta-estradiol through the estrous, as well as the proestrous, ovary of aged irregularly cycling rats. The highly abnormal ultrastructure of ovaries of X. ferrugineus females aged 216 days on a diet containing cholesterol as the sole sterol seems quite analogous to that of the nonovulatory follicles in older, irregularly cycling rats. Our new findings involving aging X. ferrugineus females indicate further the usefulness of an insect model to study aging processes.
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Ultrastructure of the prothoracic gland of variously aged female pupae of Xyleborus ferrugineus and associated ecdysteroid titers. Cell Tissue Res 1980; 213:1-8. [PMID: 7459991 DOI: 10.1007/bf00236915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The prothoracic glands of female pupae of Xyleborus ferrugineus at three ages (0-h, 48-h, and 72-h-old) were examined for ultrastructural changes that correlate with high titers of ecdysteroids in the entire pupa. In all three ages, the prothoracic gland cells appear compact with a prominent nucleus. Lysosome-like structures with concentrically oriented internal membrane are observed in both 0-h and 72-h-old gland cells. Mitochondria are abundant in the glands of both ages, and rough endoplasmic reticulum is relatively sparse. Numerous microtubules are present in the prothoracic gland cells of 48-h-old female pupae that contain relatively high titers of ecdysteroids. Rough endoplasmic reticulum also is especially abundant at this age of the pupa. Ecdysone titers, estimated by the radioimmunoassay method (RIA), were 161.04 +/- 26.80 pg/mg, 704.25 +/- 69.02pg/mg and 298.72 +/- 26.80pg/mg body weight in 0-h, 48-h and 72-h-old female pupae, respectively.
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Ultrastructure of the compound eye of the haploid male beetle, Xyleborus ferrugineus. Cell Tissue Res 1976; 168:315-24. [PMID: 1277271 DOI: 10.1007/bf00215309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The compound eye of male (haploid) Xyleborus ferrugineus beetles was examined with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The eye externally consists of ca. 19 to 33 facets. Each ommatidium is composed of a thickly biconvex lenslet with about 50 electron dense and rare layers, but at the junction area between two lenslets there are only about 35 to 37 layers that can be distinguished. A very short (3.4-4.0 mum) acone type crystalline cone is located directly beneath the lenslet. Each ommatidium is surrounded by pigment cells, and pigment granules also appear throughout the cytoplasm of the retinular cells. Some pigment granules are even present below the basement membrane. there are 8 retinular cells. The rhabdomeres of 2 centrally situated photoreceptor cells fuse into a rhabdom which is enveloped by the rhabdomeres of 6 peripheral retinular cells. The rhabdomeres of the 6 peripheral retinular cells join laterally to form a rhabdomeric ring around the central rhabdom. No tracheation was observed among the retinular cells. Virus-like particles are evident near the nucleus in each Semper cell of the crystalline cone.
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The cross-cultural student: lessons in human nature. Bull Menninger Clin 1971; 35:128-31. [PMID: 5550543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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The distribution of psychiatric symptoms in a Chinese community: an application of a modified Cornell Medical Index-Health Questionnaire in a psychiatric epidemiological study. TAIWAN YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI. JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1970; 69:89-104. [PMID: 5270836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Sterol Metabolism as a Basis for a Mutualistic Symbiosis. Nature 1970; 225:661-2. [PMID: 16056665 DOI: 10.1038/225661b0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/1969] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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[The social class factor in psychiatric epidemiology]. TAIWAN YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI. JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1969; 68:234-43. [PMID: 5257878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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[A socio-medical study of the emergency service, National Taiwan University Hospital. 2. Overuse of emergency care]. TAIWAN YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI. JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1969; 68:137-51. [PMID: 5257432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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A social medical study of the emergency service, National Taiwan University Hospital. First report: patients' social background, diagnosis, and seasonal variations. TAIWAN YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI. JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1969; 68:40-57. [PMID: 5256458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Prevalence of skin cancer in an endemic area of chronic arsenicism in Taiwan. J Natl Cancer Inst 1968; 40:453-63. [PMID: 5644201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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A fifteen-year follow-up of 214 psychiatric cases. TAIWAN YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI. JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1966; 65:87-90. [PMID: 5221285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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