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Martucci LF, Eichler RA, Silva RN, Costa TJ, Tostes RC, Busatto GF, Seelaender MC, Duarte AJ, Souza HP, Ferro ES. Intracellular peptides in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. iScience 2023; 26:107542. [PMID: 37636076 PMCID: PMC10448160 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular peptides (InPeps) generated by the orchestrated action of the proteasome and intracellular peptidases have biological and pharmacological significance. Here, human plasma relative concentration of specific InPeps was compared between 175 patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and 45 SARS-CoV-2 non-infected patients; 2,466 unique peptides were identified, of which 67% were InPeps. The results revealed differences of a specific group of peptides in human plasma comparing non-infected individuals to patients infected by SARS-CoV-2, following the results of the semi-quantitative analyses by isotope-labeled electrospray mass spectrometry. The protein-protein interactions networks enriched pathways, drawn by genes encoding the proteins from which the peptides originated, revealed the presence of the coronavirus disease/COVID-19 network solely in the group of patients fatally infected by SARS-CoV-2. Thus, modulation of the relative plasma levels of specific InPeps could be employed as a predictive tool for disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Felipe Martucci
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - Renée N.O. Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Tiago J. Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Rita C. Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Geraldo F. Busatto
- Department of Psichiatry, Medical School and Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, 01246-903 SP, Brazil
| | - Marilia C.L. Seelaender
- Department of Surgery, Medical School and Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, 01246-903 SP, Brazil
| | - Alberto J.S. Duarte
- Department of Patology, Medical School and Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, 01246-903 SP, Brazil
| | - Heraldo P. Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School and Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, 01246-903 SP, Brazil
| | - Emer S. Ferro
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Department of Patology, Medical School and Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, 01246-903 SP, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School and Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, 01246-903 SP, Brazil
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Avelino-Silva VI, Avelino-Silva TJ, Aliberti MJR, Ferreira JC, Cobello Junior V, Silva KR, Pompeu JE, Antonangelo L, Magri MM, Filho TEPB, Souza HP, Kallás EG. Prediction of intensive care admission and hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients using demographics and baseline laboratory data. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2023; 78:100183. [PMID: 36989546 PMCID: PMC9998300 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Optimized allocation of medical resources to patients with COVID-19 has been a critical concern since the onset of the pandemic. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, the authors used data from a Brazilian tertiary university hospital to explore predictors of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission and hospital mortality in patients admitted for COVID-19. Our primary aim was to create and validate prediction scores for use in hospitals and emergency departments to aid clinical decisions and resource allocation. RESULTS The study cohort included 3,022 participants, of whom 2,485 were admitted to the ICU; 1968 survived, and 1054 died in the hospital. From the complete cohort, 1,496 patients were randomly assigned to the derivation sample and 1,526 to the validation sample. The final scores included age, comorbidities, and baseline laboratory data. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were very similar for the derivation and validation samples. Scores for ICU admission had a 75% accuracy in the validation sample, whereas scores for death had a 77% accuracy in the validation sample. The authors found that including baseline flu-like symptoms in the scores added no significant benefit to their accuracy. Furthermore, our scores were more accurate than the previously published NEWS-2 and 4C Mortality Scores. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The authors developed and validated prognostic scores that use readily available clinical and laboratory information to predict ICU admission and mortality in COVID-19. These scores can become valuable tools to support clinical decisions and improve the allocation of limited health resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian I Avelino-Silva
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Thiago J Avelino-Silva
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Envelhecimento (LIM-66), Serviço de Geriatria, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marlon J R Aliberti
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Envelhecimento (LIM-66), Serviço de Geriatria, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana C Ferreira
- Divisão de Pneumologia, Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vilson Cobello Junior
- Núcleo Especializado em Tecnologia da Informação, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Katia R Silva
- Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose E Pompeu
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leila Antonangelo
- Laboratório Central, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcello M Magri
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tarcisio E P Barros Filho
- Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Heraldo P Souza
- Emergency Department, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Esper G Kallás
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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3
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Alencar
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Heraldo P Souza
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Hokama LT, Veiga ADM, Menezes MCS, Sardinha Pinto AA, de Lima TM, Ariga SKK, Barbeiro HV, Barbeiro DF, de Lucena Moreira C, Stanzani G, Brandao RA, Marchini JF, Alencar JC, Marino LO, Gomez LM, Souza HP. Endothelial injury in COVID-19 and septic patients. Microvasc Res 2021; 140:104303. [PMID: 34914941 PMCID: PMC8667352 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inflammatory response, as observed in sepsis and severe COVID-19, may lead to endothelial damage. Therefore, we aim to compare the extent of endothelial injury and its relationship to inflammation in both diseases. We included patients diagnosed with sepsis (SEPSIS group, n = 21), mild COVID-19 (MILD group, n = 31), and severe COVID-19 (SEVERE group, n = 24). Clinical and routine laboratory data were obtained, circulating cytokines (INF-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10) and endothelial injury markers (E-Selectin, Tissue Factor (TF) and von Willebrand factor (vWF)) were measured. Compared to the SEPSIS group, patients with severe COVID-19 present similar clinical and laboratory data, except for lower circulating IL-10 and E-Selectin levels. Compared to the MILD group, patients in the SEVERE group showed higher levels of TNF-α, IL-10, and TF. There was no clear relationship between cytokines and endothelial injury markers among the three studied groups; however, in SEVERE COVID-19 patients, there is a positive relationship between INF-γ with TF and a negative relationship between IL-10 and vWF. In conclusion, COVID-19 and septic patients have a similar pattern of cytokines and endothelial dysfunction markers. These findings highlight the importance of endothelium dysfunction in COVID-19 and suggest that endothelium should be better evaluated as a therapeutic target for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Tami Hokama
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alicia Dudy Müller Veiga
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara Saad Menezes
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Thais Martins de Lima
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suely Kunimi Kubo Ariga
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hermes Vieira Barbeiro
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Frediani Barbeiro
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia de Lucena Moreira
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Stanzani
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Antonio Brandao
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio Flavio Marchini
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar Alencar
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Oliveira Marino
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luz Marina Gomez
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heraldo P Souza
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Menezes MCS, Veiga ADM, Martins de Lima T, Kunimi Kubo Ariga S, Vieira Barbeiro H, de Lucena Moreira C, Pinto AAS, Brandao RA, Marchini JF, Alencar JC, Marino LO, Gomez LM, Olsen Saraiva Camara N, Souza HP. Lower peripheral blood Toll-like receptor 3 expression is associated with an unfavorable outcome in severe COVID-19 patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15223. [PMID: 34315957 PMCID: PMC8316546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94624-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of innate immunity in COVID-19 is not completely understood. Therefore, this study explored the impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on the expression of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) in peripheral blood cells and their correlated cytokines. Seventy-nine patients with severe COVID-19 on admission, according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification, were divided into two groups: patients who needed mechanical ventilation and/or deceased (SEVERE, n = 50) and patients who used supplementary oxygen but not mechanical ventilation and survived (MILD, n = 29); a control group (CONTROL, n = 17) was also enrolled. In the peripheral blood, gene expression (mRNA) of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 3, 4, 7, 8, and 9, retinoic-acid inducible gene I (RIGI), NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), interferon alpha (IFN-α), interferon beta (IFN-β), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interferon lambda (IFN-λ), pro-interleukin(IL)-1β (pro-IL-1β), and IL-18 was determined on admission, between 5–9 days, and between 10–15 days. Circulating cytokines in plasma were also measured. When compared to the COVID-19 MILD group, the COVID-19 SEVERE group had lower expression of TLR3 and overexpression of TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Clara Saad Menezes
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alicia Dudy Müller Veiga
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Martins de Lima
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suely Kunimi Kubo Ariga
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hermes Vieira Barbeiro
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia de Lucena Moreira
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Agnes Araujo Sardinha Pinto
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Antonio Brandao
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio Flavio Marchini
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar Alencar
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Oliveira Marino
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luz Marina Gomez
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heraldo P Souza
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil
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Nakagawa NK, Oliveira KMG, Lockey A, Semeraro F, Aikawa P, Macchione M, Carvalho-Oliveira R, Gouvêa GB, Boaventura AP, Maiworm AI, Calderaro M, Hajjar LA, Motta EV, Souza HP, de André CDS, Silva LFF, Polastri TF, Timerman S, Carmona MJC, Böttiger BW. Effectiveness of the 40-Minute Handmade Manikin Program to Teach Hands-on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation at School Communities. Am J Cardiol 2021; 139:126-130. [PMID: 33007308 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Bystander training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is crucial to improve the victims' survival and quality of life after sudden cardiac arrest. This observational study aimed to determine the success rate of 2 different programs of CPR training for children, adolescents, and adults in school communities. We assessed the development and acquisition of the following CPR skills: checking local safety, assessing victim's responsiveness, calling for help, assessing victim's breathing, and performing chest compression (hands and straight arms placement on the chest, compression velocity, depth, and chest release) using a 40-minute program with handmade manikins or the 120-minute program using intermediate-fidelity manikins. There were 1,630 learners (mean age 16 years, 38% male) in the 40-minute program, and 347 learners (mean age 27 years, 32% male) in the 120-minute program. The lowest successful pass rate of learners that developed CPR skills was 89.4% in the 40-minute program and 84.5% in the 120-minute program. The chances of success increased with age in the same program (compression rate and depth). The success rate also increased with the more extended and intermediate-cost program at the same age (assessing victim's responsiveness, calling for help, and assessing the victim's respiration). In conclusion, a 40-minute and cheaper (low-cost handmade manikin) CPR program was adequate to develop and acquire the overall CPR skills for ≥89% at school communities, independently of gender. However, some individual CPR skills can be further improved with increasing age and using the longer and intermediate-cost program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi K Nakagawa
- Physiotherapy, Communication Science and Speech Therapy and Occupational Therapy Department, LIM54, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Katia M G Oliveira
- Physiotherapy, Communication Science and Speech Therapy and Occupational Therapy Department, LIM54, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrew Lockey
- Emergency Department, Calderdale Royal Hospital, Halifax, United Kingdom
| | | | - Priscila Aikawa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gabriela B Gouvêa
- Physiotherapy, Communication Science and Speech Therapy and Occupational Therapy Department, LIM54, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Calderaro
- Neurology Department, Hospital das Clínicas FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo V Motta
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carmen D S de André
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Thatiane F Polastri
- Medical Training Simulation Laboratory, Institute of Cardiology, FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Timerman
- Medical Training Simulation Laboratory, Institute of Cardiology, FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Bernd W Böttiger
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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7
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Padrão EMH, Valente FS, Besen BAMP, Rahhal H, Mesquita PS, Alencar JCG, Costa MGP, Wanderley APB, Emerenciano DL, Bortoleto FM, Fortes JCL, Marques B, Souza SFB, Marchini JFM, Neto RAB, Souza HP. Awake Prone Positioning in COVID-19 Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: Exploratory Findings in a Single-center Retrospective Cohort Study. Acad Emerg Med 2020; 27:1249-1259. [PMID: 33107664 DOI: 10.1111/acem.14160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Awake prone positioning has been widely used in patients with COVID-19 respiratory failure to avoid intubation despite limited evidence. Our objective was to evaluate if prone positioning is associated with a reduced intubation rate when compared to usual care. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study in the emergency department of a large quaternary hospital in Sao Paulo. We retrieved data from all admitted patients in need of oxygen supplementation (>3 L/min) and tachypnea (>24 ipm) from March 1 to April 30, 2020, excluding those who had any contraindication to the prone position or who had an immediate need for intubation. The primary endpoint was endotracheal intubation up to 15 days. Secondary outcomes included a 6-point clinical outcome ordinal scale, mechanical ventilation-free days, admission to the intensive care unit, and need of hemodialysis and of vasoactive drugs, all assessed at or up to 15 days. We analyzed unadjusted and adjusted effect estimates with Cox proportional hazards models, logistic regression, quantile regression, and sensitivity analyses using propensity score models. RESULTS Of 925 suspected COVID-19 patients admitted off mechanical ventilation, 166 patients fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria: 57 were exposed to prone positioning and 109 to usual care. In the intervention group, 33 (58%) were intubated versus 53 (49%) in the control group. We observed no difference in intubation rates in the univariate analysis (hazard ratio = 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.78 to 1.88, p = 0.39) nor in the adjusted analysis (hazard ratio = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.55 to 1.49, p = 0.69). Results were robust to the sensitivity analyses. Secondary outcomes did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS Awake prone positioning was not associated with lower intubation rates. Caution is necessary before widespread adoption of this technique, pending results of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo M. H. Padrão
- From the Department of Internal Medicine University of Connecticut Farmington CTUSA
| | - Fernando S. Valente
- and the Emergency Department Medical Emergencies Discipline Internal Medicine Department Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP São Paulo SPBrazil
| | - Bruno A. M. P. Besen
- and the Medical ICU, Disciplina de Emergências Clínicas, Departmento de Clínica Médica, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo São PauloSPBrazil
| | - Hassan Rahhal
- and the Emergency Department Medical Emergencies Discipline Internal Medicine Department Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP São Paulo SPBrazil
| | - Paula S. Mesquita
- and the Emergency Department Medical Emergencies Discipline Internal Medicine Department Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP São Paulo SPBrazil
| | - Julio C. G. Alencar
- and the Emergency Department Medical Emergencies Discipline Internal Medicine Department Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP São Paulo SPBrazil
| | - Millena G. P. Costa
- and the Emergency Department Medical Emergencies Discipline Internal Medicine Department Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP São Paulo SPBrazil
| | - Annelise P. B. Wanderley
- and the Emergency Department Medical Emergencies Discipline Internal Medicine Department Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP São Paulo SPBrazil
| | - Debora L. Emerenciano
- and the Emergency Department Medical Emergencies Discipline Internal Medicine Department Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP São Paulo SPBrazil
| | - Felipe M. Bortoleto
- and the Emergency Department Medical Emergencies Discipline Internal Medicine Department Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP São Paulo SPBrazil
| | - Julio C. L. Fortes
- and the Emergency Department Medical Emergencies Discipline Internal Medicine Department Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP São Paulo SPBrazil
| | - Bruno Marques
- and the Emergency Department Medical Emergencies Discipline Internal Medicine Department Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP São Paulo SPBrazil
| | - Stefany F. B. Souza
- and the Emergency Department Medical Emergencies Discipline Internal Medicine Department Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP São Paulo SPBrazil
| | - Júlio F. M. Marchini
- and the Emergency Department Medical Emergencies Discipline Internal Medicine Department Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP São Paulo SPBrazil
| | - Rodrigo A. B. Neto
- and the Emergency Department Medical Emergencies Discipline Internal Medicine Department Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP São Paulo SPBrazil
| | - Heraldo P. Souza
- and the Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo SP Brazil
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8
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Cuadrado GA, de Andrade MFC, Ariga SK, de Lima TM, Souza HP. Inflammation Precedes Fat Deposition in an Experimental Model of Lymphedema. Lymphat Res Biol 2020; 19:116-125. [PMID: 33216672 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2020.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic lymphedema is a common complication of lymphatic obstruction, particularly after cancer treatment, characterized by an increased volume of the affected extremity, partly caused by the accumulation of excessive adipose tissue. The relationship between lymph vessels' obstruction and fat deposit is, however, poorly understood. Objective: Our central hypothesis was that the inflammatory process caused by lymph stasis precedes the adipocyte differentiation and fat deposition. Methods and Results: We used a modified mouse tail model to produce secondary lymphedema. Animals were treated with dexamethasone, or the procedure was performed in nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2)-deficient mice to evaluate the role of inflammation in lymphedema formation. Adipose tissue (Lipin) and inflammatory markers (IL-6, MCP-1, and F4-80) were analyzed in histological samples and by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We observed an increased deposition of fat into the affected area that starts 3 weeks after lymph vessel ligation; it further increased after 6 weeks. Genes involved in the inflammatory process were upregulated before adipocyte maturation. Treatment with dexamethasone or the use of inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout mice blocked the inflammatory reaction and inhibited the accumulation of fat distal to the lymphatic obstruction. Conclusion: In the modified mouse tail lymphedema, inflammation precedes adipogenesis. Our data suggest that MCP-1 and nitric oxide may be potential targets for lymphedema management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme A Cuadrado
- Emergency Medicine Department and Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro F C de Andrade
- Department of Surgery, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suely K Ariga
- Emergency Medicine Department and Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais M de Lima
- Emergency Medicine Department and Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heraldo P Souza
- Emergency Medicine Department and Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Arruda G, Ariga S, de Lima TM, Souza HP, Andrade M. A MODIFIED MOUSE-TAIL LYMPHEDEMA MODEL. Lymphology 2020. [DOI: 10.2458/lymph.4651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
One of the main obstacles to studying the pathophysiology of lymphedema development is the lack of appropriate experimental models. Following up on a mouse-tail method that has been described, we performed changes to the method which made it easier to perform in our hands and demonstrated similar results. Twenty C57Black mice were operated on using the previous technique and euthanized after 3 or 6 weeks. Another twenty mice were submitted to the new technique developed in our laboratory and euthanized at the same time points. Tissue samples were collected from the proximal part of the tail (control) and from the distal part (lymphedema) for both models. Animals in both operative groups developed marked edema in the distal part of the tail. This was characterized by lymph vessels dilation, edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and adipose tissue deposition. Lymphedema was detected after 3 weeks in both models, reaching its maximum after 6 weeks. Adipocytes detected by histology (Oil red O staining) and molecular markers for adipogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and inflammation (lipin 1 and 2, SLP76, and F4-80) were demonstrated to be increased equally in both models. In conclusion, both models provide a reliable method to study lymphedema pathophysiology. However, our modified technique is easier and faster to perform while still providing reliable and consistent results.
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10
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Arruda G, Ariga S, de Lima TM, Souza HP, Andrade M. A modified mouse-tail lymphedema model. Lymphology 2020; 53:29-37. [PMID: 32521128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
One of the main obstacles to studying the pathophysiology of lymphedema development is the lack of appropriate experimental models. Fol-lowing up on a mouse-tail method that has been described, we performed changes to the method which made it easier to perform in our hands and demonstrated similar results. Twenty C57Black mice were operated on using the previous tech-nique and euthanized after 3 or 6 weeks. Another twenty mice were submitted to the new technique developed in our laboratory and euthanized at the same time points. Tissue samples were collected from the proximal part of the tail (control) and from the distal part (lymphedema) for both mod-els. Animals in both operative groups developed marked edema in the distal part of the tail. This was characterized by lymph vessels dilation, edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and adipose tissue deposition. Lymphedema was detected after 3 weeks in both models, reaching its maximum after 6 weeks. Adipocytes detected by histology (Oil red O staining) and molecular markers for adipogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and inflam-mation (lipin 1 and 2, SLP76, and F4-80) were demonstrated to be increased equally in both models. In conclusion, both models provide a reliable method to study lymphedema pathophys-iology. However, our modified technique is easier and faster to perform while still providing reliable and consistent results.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Arruda
- Emergency Department (LIM-51), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Ariga
- Emergency Department (LIM-51), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T M de Lima
- Emergency Department (LIM-51), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H P Souza
- Emergency Department (LIM-51), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Andrade
- Department of Surgery (LIM-02), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Cury V, de Lima TM, Prado CM, Pinheiro N, Ariga SKK, Barbeiro DF, Moretti AI, Souza HP. Low level laser therapy reduces acute lung inflammation without impairing lung function. J Biophotonics 2016; 9:1199-1207. [PMID: 26381933 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201500113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury is a condition characterized by exacerbate inflammatory reaction in distal airways and lung dysfunction. Here we investigate the treatment of acute lung injury (ALI) by low level laser therapy (LLLT), an effective therapy used for the treatment of patients with inflammatory disorders or traumatic injuries, due to its ability to reduce inflammation and promote tissue regeneration. However, studies in internal viscera remains unclear. C57BL/6 mice were treated with intratracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (5 mg/kg) or phosphate buffer saline (PBS). Six hours after instillation, two groups were irradiated with laser at 660 nm and radiant exposure of 10 J/cm2 . Intratracheal LPS inoculation induced a marked increase in the number of inflammatory cells in perivascular and alveolar spaces. There was also an increase in the expression and secretion of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6,) and chemokine (MCP-1). The LLLT application induced a significant decrease in both inflammatory cells influx and inflammatory mediators secretion. These effects did not affect lung mechanical properties, since no change was observed in tissue resistance or elastance. In conclusion LLLT is able to reduce inflammatory reaction in lungs exposed to LPS without affecting the pulmonary function and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Cury
- University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Emergency Medicine Department, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Sala 3189, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Thais Martins de Lima
- University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Emergency Medicine Department, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Sala 3189, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Maximo Prado
- Federal University of Sao Paulo, Biological Science Department, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Pinheiro
- University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Emergency Medicine Department, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Sala 3189, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Suely K K Ariga
- University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Emergency Medicine Department, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Sala 3189, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Denise F Barbeiro
- University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Emergency Medicine Department, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Sala 3189, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Ana I Moretti
- University of São Paulo, Department of Cardio-Pulmonary, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Heraldo P Souza
- University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Emergency Medicine Department, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Sala 3189, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
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12
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Victorino VJ, Barroso WA, Assunção AKM, Cury V, Jeremias IC, Petroni R, Chausse B, Ariga SK, Herrera ACSA, Panis C, Lima TM, Souza HP. PGC-1β regulates HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells proliferation by metabolic and redox pathways. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:6035-44. [PMID: 26602383 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a prevalent neoplastic disease among women worldwide which treatments still present several side effects and resistance. Considering that cancer cells present derangements in their energetic homeostasis, and that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- gamma coactivator 1 (PGC-1) is crucial for cellular metabolism and redox signaling, the main objective of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between PGC-1 expression, the proliferation of breast cancer cells and the mechanisms involved. We initially assessed PGC-1β expression in complementary DNA (cDNA) from breast tumor of patients bearing luminal A, luminal B, and HER2-overexpressed and triple negative tumors. Our data showed that PGC-1β expression is increased in patients bearing HER2-overexpressing tumors as compared to others subtypes. Using quantitative PCR and immunoblotting, we showed that breast cancer cells with HER2-amplification (SKBR-3) have greater expression of PGC-1β as compared to a non-tumorous breast cell (MCF-10A) and higher proliferation rate. PGC-1β expression was knocked down with short interfering RNA in HER2-overexpressing cells, and cells decreased proliferation. In these PGC-1β-inhibited cells, we found increased citrate synthase activity and no marked changes in mitochondrial respiration. Glycolytic pathway was decreased, characterized by lower intracellular lactate levels. In addition, after PGC-1β knockdown, SKBR-3 cells showed increased reactive oxygen species production, no changes in antioxidant activity, and decreased expression of ERRα, a modulator of metabolism. In conclusion, we show an association of HER2-overexpression and PGC-1β. PGC-1β knockdown impairs HER2-overexpressing cells proliferation acting on ERRα signaling, metabolism, and redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Jacob Victorino
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica - LIM 51, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - W A Barroso
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica - LIM 51, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A K M Assunção
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica - LIM 51, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V Cury
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica - LIM 51, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I C Jeremias
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica - LIM 51, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Petroni
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica - LIM 51, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B Chausse
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo (IQ-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S K Ariga
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica - LIM 51, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C S A Herrera
- Faculdade de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica, PUC, Campus Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - C Panis
- Laboratório de Mediadores Inflamatórios, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Campus Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - T M Lima
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica - LIM 51, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H P Souza
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica - LIM 51, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Cardinot TM, Lima TM, Moretti AIS, Koike MK, Nunes VS, Cazita PM, Krieger MH, Brum PC, Souza HP. Preventive and therapeutic moderate aerobic exercise programs convert atherosclerotic plaques into a more stable phenotype. Life Sci 2016; 153:163-70. [PMID: 27074350 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The mechanisms by which exercise affects atherosclerotic plaque stability remain incompletely understood. We evaluated the effects of two training protocols on both atherosclerotic plaque structure and the signaling pathways involved in plaque rupture. METHODS Male low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor knockout mice were fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HFD). One group was subjected to moderate exercise using a treadmill for 14weeks (preventive protocol). The other group started an exercise regimen after 16weeks of the HFD (therapeutic group). Atherosclerotic plaques within the aorta were evaluated for lipid and collagen contents, as well as for inflammatory markers. Plasma cholesterol and cytokine levels were also determined. RESULTS The mice receiving a HFD developed hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerotic plaques within the aorta. The aortas from the animals in the preventive protocol exhibited smaller lipid cores and higher collagen content. These animals also exhibited lower CD40 expression within the plaques. The aortas of the mice in the therapeutic group exhibited higher collagen content, but no differences in either lipid core size or plaque size were noted. No differences in blood pressure, plasma cholesterol, cytokine levels, plaque size or metalloproteinase 9 expression were observed in the trained animals compared with the sedentary animals. CONCLUSION Moderate aerobic exercise modified atherosclerotic plaque characteristics and converted the plaques into a more stable phenotype, increasing the collagen content in response to both exercise programs. Furthermore, moderate aerobic exercise reduced the animals' fat content and decreased the activity of the CD40-CD40L signaling pathway in the preventive group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Themis M Cardinot
- Emergency Medicine Department (LIM-51), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais M Lima
- Emergency Medicine Department (LIM-51), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana I S Moretti
- Emergency Medicine Department (LIM-51), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia K Koike
- Emergency Medicine Department (LIM-51), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valeria S Nunes
- Lipids Laboratory (LIM-10), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia M Cazita
- Lipids Laboratory (LIM-10), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marta H Krieger
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia C Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heraldo P Souza
- Emergency Medicine Department (LIM-51), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Stefano JT, Pereira IVA, Torres MM, Bida PM, Coelho AMM, Xerfan MP, Cogliati B, Barbeiro DF, Mazo DFC, Kubrusly MS, D'Albuquerque LAC, Souza HP, Carrilho FJ, Oliveira CP. Sorafenib prevents liver fibrosis in a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) rodent model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:408-14. [PMID: 25714891 PMCID: PMC4445663 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20143962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis occurring as an outcome of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) can
precede the development of cirrhosis. We investigated the effects of sorafenib in
preventing liver fibrosis in a rodent model of NASH. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were
fed a choline-deficient high-fat diet and exposed to diethylnitrosamine for 6 weeks.
The NASH group (n=10) received vehicle and the sorafenib group (n=10) received 2.5
mg·kg-1·day-1 by gavage. A control group (n=4) received only
standard diet and vehicle. Following treatment, animals were sacrificed and liver
tissue was collected for histologic examination, mRNA isolation, and analysis of
mitochondrial function. Genes related to fibrosis (MMP9,
TIMP1, TIMP2), oxidative stress
(HSP60, HSP90, GST), and
mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC1α) were evaluated by real-time
quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Liver mitochondrial oxidation
activity was measured by a polarographic method, and cytokines by enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sorafenib treatment restored mitochondrial function and
reduced collagen deposition by nearly 63% compared to the NASH group. Sorafenib
upregulated PGC1α and MMP9 and reduced
TIMP1 and TIMP2 mRNA and IL-6 and IL-10 protein
expression. There were no differences in HSP60,
HSP90 and GST expression. Sorafenib modulated
PGC1α expression, improved mitochondrial respiration and
prevented collagen deposition. It may, therefore, be useful in the treatment of liver
fibrosis in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Stefano
- Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Clínica (LIM-07), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - I V A Pereira
- Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Clínica (LIM-07), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M M Torres
- Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Clínica (LIM-07), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - P M Bida
- Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Clínica (LIM-07), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - A M M Coelho
- Disciplina de Transplante de Órgãos do Aparelho Digestivo (LIM-37), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M P Xerfan
- Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Clínica (LIM-07), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - B Cogliati
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - D F Barbeiro
- Disciplina de Emergências Clínicas (LIM-51), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - D F C Mazo
- Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Clínica (LIM-07), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M S Kubrusly
- Disciplina de Transplante de Órgãos do Aparelho Digestivo (LIM-37), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - L A C D'Albuquerque
- Disciplina de Transplante de Órgãos do Aparelho Digestivo (LIM-37), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - H P Souza
- Disciplina de Emergências Clínicas (LIM-51), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - F J Carrilho
- Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Clínica (LIM-07), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - C P Oliveira
- Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Clínica (LIM-07), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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15
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Souza-Pinto FJP, Moretti AIS, Cury V, Marcondes W, Velasco IT, Souza HP. Inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition increases MMP-2 activity leading to imbalance between extracellular matrix deposition and degradation after polypropylene mesh implant. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 101:1379-87. [PMID: 23077110 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Prosthetic mesh implants are commonly used to correct abdominal wall defects. However, success of the procedure is conditioned by an adequate inflammatory response to the device. We hypothesized that nitric oxide produced by nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) and MMP-2 and -9 participate in response induced by mesh implants in the abdominal wall and, consequently, affect the outcome of the surgical procedure. In the first step, temporal inflammatory markers profile was evaluated. Polypropylene meshes were implanted in the peritoneal side of the abdominal wall of C57Black mice. After 2, 4, 7, 15, and 30 days, tissues around the mesh implant were collected and inflammatory markers were analyzed. In the second step, NOS2 activity was inhibited with nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Samples were collected after 15 days (when inflammation was reduced), and the inflammatory and tissue remodeling markers were investigated. Polypropylene mesh implant induced a pro-inflammatory environment mediated by intense MMP-2 and -9 activities, NO release, and interleukin-1β production peaking in 7 days and gradually decreasing after 15 days. NOS2 inhibition increased MMP-2 activity and resulted in a higher visceral adhesion incidence at the mesh implantation site when compared with non-treated animals that underwent the same procedure. We conclude that NOS2-derived NO is crucial for adequate response to polypropylene mesh implant integration in the peritoneum. NO deficiency results in an imbalance between extracellular matrix deposition/degradation contributing to visceral adhesions incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciso J P Souza-Pinto
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Emergency Medicine Division, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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16
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Assis L, Moretti AIS, Abrahão TB, Cury V, Souza HP, Hamblin MR, Parizotto NA. Low-level laser therapy (808 nm) reduces inflammatory response and oxidative stress in rat tibialis anterior muscle after cryolesion. Lasers Surg Med 2012; 44:726-35. [PMID: 23001637 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Muscle regeneration is a complex phenomenon, involving coordinated activation of several cellular responses. During this process, oxidative stress and consequent tissue damage occur with a severity that may depend on the intensity and duration of the inflammatory response. Among the therapeutic approaches to attenuate inflammation and increase tissue repair, low-level laser therapy (LLLT) may be a safe and effective clinical procedure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of LLLT on oxidative/nitrative stress and inflammatory mediators produced during a cryolesion of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 20): control (BC), injured TA muscle without LLLT (IC), injured TA muscle submitted to LLLT (IRI). The injured region was irradiated daily for 4 consecutive days, starting immediately after the lesion using a AlGaAs laser (continuous wave, 808 nm, tip area of 0.00785 cm(2) , power 30 mW, application time 47 seconds, fluence 180 J/cm(2) ; 3.8 mW/cm(2) ; and total energy 1.4 J). The animals were sacrificed on the fourth day after injury. RESULTS LLLT reduced oxidative and nitrative stress in injured muscle, decreased lipid peroxidation, nitrotyrosine formation and NO production, probably due to reduction in iNOS protein expression. Moreover, LLLT increased SOD gene expression, and decreased the inflammatory response as measured by gene expression of NF-kβ and COX-2 and by TNF-α and IL-1β concentration. CONCLUSION These results suggest that LLLT could be an effective therapeutic approach to modulate oxidative and nitrative stress and to reduce inflammation in injured muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Assis
- Laboratory of Electrothermophototherapy, Department of Phisiotherapy, University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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17
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Moretti AIS, Pinto FJPS, Cury V, Jurado MC, Marcondes W, Velasco IT, Souza HP. Nitric oxide modulates metalloproteinase-2, collagen deposition and adhesion rate after polypropylene mesh implantation in the intra-abdominal wall. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:108-15. [PMID: 21864729 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prosthetic meshes are commonly used to correct abdominal wall defects. However, the inflammatory reaction induced by these devices in the peritoneum is not completely understood. We hypothesized that nitric oxide (NO), produced by nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) may modulate the response induced by mesh implants in the abdominal wall and, consequently, affect the outcome of the surgical procedure. Polypropylene meshes were implanted in the peritoneal side of the abdominal wall in wild-type and NOS2-deficient (NOS2(-/-)) mice. After 15 days tissues around the mesh implant were collected, and inflammatory markers (the cytokine interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and NO) and tissue remodeling (collagen and metalloproteinases (MMP) 2 and 9) were analyzed. The lack of NOS2-derived NO induced a higher incidence of visceral adhesions at the mesh implantation site compared with wild-type mice that underwent the same procedure (P<0.05). Additionally, higher levels of IL-1β were present in the mesh-implanted NOS2(-/-) animals compared with control and wild-type mice. Mesh implantation induced collagen I and III deposition, but in smaller amounts in NOS2(-/-) mice. MMP-9 activity after the surgical procedure was similarly increased in both groups. Conversely, MMP-2 activity was unchanged in mesh-implanted wild-type mice, but was significantly increased in NOS2(-/-) mice (P<0.01), due to decreased S-nitrosylation of the enzyme in these animals. We conclude that NOS2-derived NO is crucial for an adequate response to and integration of polypropylene mesh implants in the peritoneum. NO deficiency results in a prolonged inflammatory reaction to the mesh implant, and reduced collagen deposition may contribute to an increased incidence of visceral adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I S Moretti
- Emergency Medicine Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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18
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Oxer DS, Godoy LC, Borba E, Lima-Salgado T, Passos LA, Laurindo I, Kubo S, Barbeiro DF, Fernandes D, Laurindo FR, Velasco IT, Curi R, Bonfa E, Souza HP. PPARγ expression is increased in systemic lupus erythematosus patients and represses CD40/CD40L signaling pathway. Lupus 2011; 20:575-87. [PMID: 21415255 DOI: 10.1177/0961203310392419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous disease involving several immune cell types and pro-inflammatory signals, including the one triggered by binding of CD40L to the receptor CD40. Peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a transcription factor with anti-inflammatory properties. Here we investigated whether CD40 and PPARγ could exert opposite effects in the immune response and the possible implications for SLE. Increased PPARγ mRNA levels were detected by real-time PCR in patients with active SLE, compared to patients with inactive SLE PPARγ/GAPDH mRNA = 2.21 ± 0.49 vs. 0.57 ± 0.14, respectively (p < 0.05) or patients with infectious diseases and healthy subjects (p < 0.05). This finding was independent of the corticosteroid therapy. We further explored these observations in human THP1 and in SLE patient-derived macrophages, where activation of CD40 by CD40L promoted augmented PPARγ gene transcription compared to non-stimulated cells (PPARγ/GAPDH mRNA = 1.14 ± 0.38 vs. 0.14 ± 0.01, respectively; p < 0.05). This phenomenon occurred specifically upon CD40 activation, since lipopolysaccharide treatment did not induce a similar response. In addition, increased activity of PPARγ was also detected after CD40 activation, since higher PPARγ-dependent transcription of CD36 transcription was observed. Furthermore, CD40L-stimulated transcription of CD80 gene was elevated in cells treated with PPARγ-specific small interfering RNA (small interfering RNA, siRNA) compared to cells treated with CD40L alone (CD80/GAPDH mRNA = 0.11 ± 0.04 vs. 0.05 ± 0.02, respectively; p < 0.05), suggesting a regulatory role for PPARγ on the CD40/CD40L pathway. Altogether, our findings outline a novel mechanism through which PPARγ regulates the inflammatory signal initiated by activation of CD40, with important implications for the understanding of immunological mechanisms underlying SLE and the development of new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Oxer
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Emergency Medicine Division, LIM 51, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 sala 3189. 01246-903 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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19
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Pesaro AEP, Serrano CV, Fernandes JL, Cavalcanti AB, Campos AH, Martins HS, Maranhão RC, de Lemos JA, Souza HP, Nicolau JC. Pleiotropic effects of ezetimibe/simvastatin vs. high dose simvastatin. Int J Cardiol 2011; 158:400-4. [PMID: 21334753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the setting of stable coronary artery disease (CAD), it is not known if the pleiotropic effects of cholesterol reduction differ between combined ezetimibe/simvastatin and high-dose simvastatin alone. OBJECTIVE We sought to compare the anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet effects of ezetimibe 10mg/simvastatin 20mg (E10/S20) with simvastatin 80 mg (S80). METHODS AND RESULTS CAD patients (n=83, 63 ± 9 years, 57% men) receiving S20, were randomly allocated to receive E10/S20 or S80, for 6 weeks. Lipids, inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, soluble CD40 ligand and oxidized LDL), and platelet aggregation (platelet function analyzer [PFA]-100) changes were determined. Baseline lipids, inflammatory markers and PFA-100 were similar between groups. After treatment, E10/S20 and S80 patients presented, respectively: (1) similar reduction in LDL-C (29 ± 13% vs. 28 ± 30%, p=0.46), apo-B (18 ± 17% vs. 22 ± 15%, p=0.22) and oxidized LDL (15 ± 33% vs. 18 ± 47%, p=0.30); (2) no changes in inflammatory markers; and, (3) a higher increase of the PFA-100 with E10/S20 than with S80 (27 ± 43% vs. 8 ± 33%, p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that among stable CAD patients treated with S20, (1) both E10/S20 and S80 were equally effective in further reducing LDL-C; (2) neither treatment had any further significant anti-inflammatory effects; and (3) E10/S20 was more effective than S80 in inhibiting platelet aggregation. Thus, despite similar lipid lowering and doses 4× less of simvastatin, E10/S20 induced a greater platelet inhibitory effect than S80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Eduardo P Pesaro
- Heart Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Enéas de C. Aguiar, 44, Building II, 2nd Floor, Room 12, Sao Paulo, SP 05403-901, Brazil.
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Gomes F, Telo DF, Souza HP, Nicolau JC, Halpern A, Serrano CV. [Obesity and coronary artery disease: role of vascular inflammation]. Arq Bras Cardiol 2010; 94:255-61, 273-9, 260-6. [PMID: 20428625 DOI: 10.1590/s0066-782x2010000200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is becoming a global epidemic. Around 1.1 billion adults and 10% of the world's children are currently overweight or considered obese. Generally associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as Diabetes Mellitus and systemic arterial high blood pressure, the obesity has been more and more seen as an independent risk factor for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Coronary arteriosclerosis comprises a series of inflammatory responses at cellular and molecular level, whose reactions are stronger in obese patients. In the past, the adipose tissue was regarded as a mere fat deposition. Now it is seen from a totally different standpoint, as an active endocrine and paracrine organ that produces several inflammatory cytokines, such as the adipokines. This article aims to raise awareness about obesity as an increasingly significant public health issue over the past decades, as well as to relate the intense inflammatory process in obese individuals with an increased tendency for this group of individuals to develop CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gomes
- Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Faine LA, Cavalcanti DMH, Rudnicki M, Ferderbar S, Macedo SMD, Souza HP, Farsky SHP, Boscá L, Abdalla DSP. Bioactivity of nitrolinoleate: effects on adhesion molecules and CD40-CD40L system. J Nutr Biochem 2010; 21:125-32. [PMID: 19195864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Revised: 11/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The vascular effects of nitrolinoleate (LNO2), an endogenous product of linoleic acid (LA) nitration by nitric oxide-derived species and a potential nitrosating agent, were investigated on rat endothelial-leukocyte interactions. Confocal microscopy analysis demonstrated that LNO2 was capable to deliver free radical nitric oxide (*NO) into cells, 5 min after its administration to cultured cells, with a peak of liberation at 30 min. THP-1 monocytes incubated with LNO2 for 5 min presented nitrosation of CD40, leading to its inactivation. Other anti-inflammatory actions of LNO2 were observed in vivo by intravital microscopy assays. LNO2 decreased the number of adhered leukocytes in postcapillary venules of the mesentery network. In addition to this, LNO2 reduced mRNA and protein expression of beta2-integrin in circulating leukocytes, as well as VCAM-1 in endothelial cells isolated from postcapillary venules, confirming its antiadhesive effects on both cell types. Moreover, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, a nitric oxide scavenger, partially abolished the inhibitory action of LNO2 on leukocyte-endothelium interaction, suggesting that the antiadhesion effects of LNO2 involve a dual role in leukocyte adhesion, acting as a nitric oxide donor as well as through nitric oxide-independent mechanisms. In conclusion, LNO2 inhibited adhesion molecules expression and promoted *NO inactivation of the CD40-CD40L system, both important processes of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane A Faine
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Barbeiro HV, Barbeiro DF, Debbas V, Souza HP, Laurindo FR, Velasco IT, Soriano FG. Purine nucleotides reduce superoxide production by nitric oxide synthase in a murine sepsis model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 42:1050-7. [PMID: 19802465 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2009005000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis involves a systemic inflammatory response of multiple endogenous mediators, resulting in many of the injurious and sometimes fatal physiological symptoms of the disease. This systemic activation leads to a compromised vascular response and endothelial dysfunction. Purine nucleotides interact with purinoceptors and initiate a variety of physiological processes that play an important role in maintaining cardiovascular function. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of ATP on vascular function in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model of sepsis. LPS induced a significant increase in aortic superoxide production 16 h after injection. Addition of ATP to the organ bath incubation solution reduced superoxide production by the aortas of endotoxemic animals. Reactive Blue, an antagonist of the P2Y receptor, blocked the effect of ATP on superoxide production, and the nonselective P2Y agonist MeSATP inhibited superoxide production. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition by L-NAME blocked vascular relaxation and reduced superoxide production in LPS-treated animals. In the presence of L-NAME there was no ATP effect on superoxide production. A vascular reactivity study showed that ATP increased maximal relaxation in LPS-treated animals compared to controls. The presence of ATP induced increases in Akt and endothelial NOS phosphorylated proteins in the aorta of septic animals. ATP reduces superoxide release resulting in an improved vasorelaxant response. Sepsis may uncouple NOS to produce superoxide. We showed that ATP through Akt pathway phosphorylated endothelial NOS and "re-couples" NOS function.
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Affiliation(s)
- H V Barbeiro
- Emergências Clínicas, Departamento de Clínica Médica (LIM51), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Gagliardi ACM, Pavão BL, Barbeiro DF, Maranhão RC, Souza HP, Santos RD. L 020 Correlations Between Food Intake, Lipid Profile and Inflammation in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(09)71786-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gagliardi ACM, Pavão BL, Barbeiro DF, Maranhão RC, Souza HP, Santos RD. L 021 Consumption of Margarine and Butter and Lipid Profiles and Inflammatory of Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(09)71787-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hassanain HH, Gregg D, Marcelo ML, Zweier JL, Souza HP, Selvakumar B, Ma Q, Moustafa-Bayoumi M, Binkley PF, Flavahan NA, Morris M, Dong C, Goldschmidt-Clermont PJ. Hypertension caused by transgenic overexpression of Rac1. Antioxid Redox Signal 2007; 9:91-100. [PMID: 17115888 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2007.9.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species, including superoxide, are important mediators of the pathophysiology of hypertension. In the vasculature, superoxide antagonizes nitric oxide (NO*), resulting in increased vascular tone. The GTP binding protein Rac regulates a wide variety of cellular functions, including the activation of NADPH oxidase, the major source of O2*-in the blood vessel wall. An hypothesis is that Rac1 may act as an important regulator of vascular O2*- production, contributing to the balance between O2*- and NO* and maintaining consequent homeostasis of blood pressure. To alter the activity of vascular NADPH oxidase, the authors developed a transgenic animal model that overexpresses the human cDNA of the constitutively active mutant of Rac1 (RacCA) in smooth muscle cells using the smooth muscle +/--actin promoter. The RacCA transgenic had excessive amounts of O2*- in the vessel wall that, which led to heightened production of peroxynitrite, as detected by increased protein nitration and reduced NO* levels. RacCA mice developed moderate hypertension, which was corrected by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). RacCA transgenic mice also developed left ventricular hypertrophy as a secondary effect of pressure overload. The data suggest that Rac1 is a critical regulator of the redox state of blood vessels and homeostasis of blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdy H Hassanain
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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26
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Oliveira CPMS, Coelho AMM, Barbeiro HV, Lima VMR, Soriano F, Ribeiro C, Molan NAT, Alves VAF, Souza HP, Machado MCC, Carrilho FJ. Liver mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of experimental nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Braz J Med Biol Res 2006; 39:189-94. [PMID: 16470305 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2006000200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and hepatic mitochondria play a role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of the disease. Fatty liver was induced in Wistar rats with a choline-deficient diet (CD; N = 7) or a high-fat diet enriched with PUFAs-omega-3 (H; N = 7) for 4 weeks. The control group (N = 7) was fed a standard diet. Liver mitochondrial oxidation and phosphorylation were measured polarographically and oxidative stress was estimated on the basis of malondialdehyde and glutathione concentrations. Moderate macrovacuolar liver steatosis was observed in the CD group and mild liver steatosis was observed in the periportal area in the H group. There was an increase in the oxygen consumption rate by liver mitochondria in respiratory state 4 (S4) and a decrease in respiratory control rate (RCR) in the CD group (S4: 32.70 +/- 3.35; RCR: 2.55 +/- 0.15 ng atoms of O2 min-1 mg protein-1) when compared to the H and control groups (S4: 23.09 +/- 1.53, 17.04 +/- 2.03, RCR: 3.15 +/- 0.15, 3.68 +/- 0.15 ng atoms of O2 min-1 mg protein-1, respectively), P < 0.05. Hepatic lipoperoxide concentrations were significantly increased and the concentration of reduced glutathione was significantly reduced in the CD group. A choline-deficient diet causes moderate steatosis with disruption of liver mitochondrial function and increased oxidative stress. These data suggest that lipid peroxidation products can impair the flow of electrons along the respiratory chain, causing overreduction of respiratory chain components and enhanced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. These findings are important in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P M S Oliveira
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia (LIM 07), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Lima ES, Bonini MG, Augusto O, Barbeiro HV, Souza HP, Abdalla DSP. Nitrated lipids decompose to nitric oxide and lipid radicals and cause vasorelaxation. Free Radic Biol Med 2005; 39:532-9. [PMID: 16043024 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2004] [Revised: 03/03/2005] [Accepted: 04/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide-derived oxidants such as nitrogen dioxide and peroxynitrite have been receiving increasing attention as mediators of nitric oxide toxicity. Indeed, nitrated and nitrosated compounds have been detected in biological fluids and tissues of healthy subjects and in higher yields in patients under inflammatory or infectious conditions as a consequence of nitric oxide overproduction. Among them, nitrated lipids have been detected in vivo. Here, we confirmed and extended previous studies by demonstrating that nitrolinoleate, chlolesteryl nitrolinoleate, and nitrohydroxylinoleate induce vasorelaxation in a concentration-dependent manner while releasing nitric oxide that was characterized by chemiluminescence-and EPR-based methodologies. As we first show here, diffusible nitric oxide production is likely to occur by isomerization of the nitrated lipids to the corresponding nitrite derivatives that decay through homolysis and/or metal ion/ascorbate-assisted reduction. The homolytic mechanism was supported by EPR spin-trapping studies with 3,5-dibromo-4-nitrosobenzenesulfonic acid that trapped a lipid-derived radical during nitrolinoleate decomposition. In addition to provide a mechanism to explain nitric oxide production from nitrated lipids, the results support their role as endogenous sources of nitric oxide that may play a role in endothelium-independent vasorelaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emersom S Lima
- Clinical and Toxicological Analysis Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
- Heraldo P Souza
- Department of Medicine and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Oliveira CPMS, Kassab P, Lopasso FP, Souza HP, Janiszewski M, Laurindo FRM, Iriya K, Laudanna AA. Protective effect of ascorbic acid in experimental gastric cancer: reduction of oxidative stress. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:446-8. [PMID: 12632494 PMCID: PMC4621558 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i3.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2002] [Revised: 03/23/2002] [Accepted: 04/06/2002] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Oxidative stress participates in the cell carcinogenesis by inducing DNA mutations. Our aim was to assess whether ascorbic acid, an antioxidant, could have a role in preventing ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) generation in experimental gastric carcinoma in a rat model. METHODS Experimental gastric cancer was induced in twelve Wistar male rats (weighting 250-350 g) by profound duodeno-gastric reflux throught split gastrojenunostomy. The rats were allocated to the following groups: Group I (n=6) was the control; Group II (n=6) which was mantained with daily intake of tape water with Vitamin C (30 mg/Kg). After 6 or 12 months, samples of gastric tumor or non tumor mucosa were taken from the anastomosis of both groups. Oxidative stress was measured by superoxide quantification through lucigenin-amplified chemiluminescence base and by staining with Nitrobluetetrazolium. The histopathologic confirmation of adenocarcinoma was made by eosin-hemathoxilin method. RESULTS The intestinal type of gastric adenocarcinoma was microscopically identified in all animals of group I whereas only 3 rats of group II showed an adenocarcinoma without macroscopic evidence of them. The cancers were located in the anastomosis in all cases. Basal luminescence from tumor gastric tissue generated 38.4+/-6.8 count per minute/mg/X10(6) (mean+/-SD) and 14.9+/-4.0 count per minute/mg/X10(6), respectively, in group I and II animals (P<0.05). The Nitrobluetetrazolium method showed intense staining in tumor tissues but not in non neoplasic mucosa. CONCLUSION Experimental gastric tumors seem to produce more reactive oxygen species than non neoplasic gastric tissue. The reduction of oxidative stress and gastric tumor incidence in rats were induced by the intake of ascorbic acid. Therefore, it may have a role in the prevention of gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia P M S Oliveira
- Department of Gastroenterology School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Av Dr Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar no 255, Instituto Central 9th Floor, 9159, 05403000 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Abstract
Several limitations have recently been described for lucigenin, a probe frequently used to assess the activity of vascular NAD(P)H oxidase, a major superoxide source. The preferential reducing substrate of such oxidase remains unclear. We assessed whether lucigenin artifacts could affect detection of NAD(P)H oxidase activity. Initial chemiluminescence assays were performed with vascular rings or homogenates at 5, 50, or 250 microM concentrations. Results showed preferential signals with NADPH (vs. NADH) with 5 and 50 microM lucigenin, which were blocked by diphenylene iodonium (DPI), superoxide dismutase (SOD), or its cell-permeable mimetic MnTBAP. With 250 microM lucigenin, the relative signal with NADH became larger than with NADPH, and was poorly inhibited by all three antagonists above. All SOD/DPI-resistant signals were effectively blocked by the electron acceptor nitrobluetetrazolium. Spin trapping with DMPO showed an approximate doubling of DMPO-OH radical adduct signal upon addition of 5 microM lucigenin to homogenates incubated with either NADPH or NADH. With 50 or 250 microM lucigenin, much larger increases were observed with NADH, as opposed to NADPH. Furthermore, oxygen consumption measurements showed analogous results. In summary, our data suggest that: (i) Lucigenin redox-cycling is detectable in vascular tissue even at 5 microM concentrations, while at 250 microM redox-cycling becomes predominant and is markedly increased when NADH is the assayed substrate; and (ii) With 250 microM lucigenin, preferentially with NADH, signals are further overestimated by direct, oxidase-dependent, superoxide-independent two-electron transfer. Therefore, previous reports of preferential NADH affinity of the vascular oxidase may have been due to these artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Janiszewski
- Emergency Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Souza HP, Liu X, Samouilov A, Kuppusamy P, Laurindo FRM, Zweier JL. Quantitation of superoxide generation and substrate utilization by vascular NAD(P)H oxidase. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2002; 282:H466-74. [PMID: 11788393 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00482.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In vascular tissues, an NAD(P)H oxidase is the main source of superoxide; however, there has been much uncertainty regarding its activity and the levels of superoxide it generates. This problem has limited overall progress in this field. Therefore, studies were performed and techniques developed to quantitatively assess the function of the vascular NAD(P)H oxidase, measuring its rate of superoxide production and substrate consumption in rat aortic homogenates and intact segments. NADPH/NADH oxidation was measured spectrophotometrically, and oxygen consumption was measured by electrochemical probe. Superoxide was detected and quantitated by electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping. Under basal conditions, superoxide generation and oxygen consumption were negligible. After addition of NADPH or NADH (0.1 mM), superoxide was generated at rates of 0.41 +/- 0.03 or 0.36 +/- 0.04 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively. Oxygen was consumed with a similar time course at rates of 1.5 +/- 0.2 or 1.3 +/- 0.3 nmol. mg protein(-1) x min(-1), and NADPH or NADH were oxidized at rates of 1.8 +/- 0.4 and 1.5 +/- 0.3 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively. In intact aortic rings, superoxide was generated with rates of 4.0 +/- 0.7 or 3.7 +/- 0.7 pmol x mg tissue(-1) x min(-1), whereas oxygen was consumed at rates of 22.1 +/- 5.0 or 14.5 +/- 3.3 pmol x mg tissue(-1) x min(-1), for NADPH or NADH, respectively. These values are lower than those previously measured using lucigenin, which uncouples flavoenzymes, triggering additional superoxide generation. This quantitative approach for characterization of the vascular NAD(P)H oxidase activity should facilitate the further identification and cellular characterization of this enzyme(s) and its functional and signaling roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heraldo P Souza
- Department of Medicine, and the Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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Abstract
A multicentre retrospective analysis of blunt gastric injuries from four trauma centres in Brazil was performed. From January 1982 to May 1996, 33 patients were found to have blunt gastric injury: 26 were male and the mean age was 26.2 years. The most frequent mechanism of injury was automobile versus pedestrian (17) followed by motor vehicle accidents (seven). Abdominal pain was the most common finding (29) and peritoneal signs were present in 14. There were 21 grade I, seven grade II, four grade III and one grade IV blunt gastric injuries. Simple suture was the treatment of choice in 24 patients, eight required no treatment, and only one patient underwent gastric resection. The liver and spleen were the most commonly associated injured organs. Two patients had isolated gastric injury. There were two gastric fistulae and both patients died. Overall morbidity and mortality was 12 (36%) and nine (27%), respectively. The ISS was higher in the non-survivor group (P=0.03) and the gastric organ injury score did not reach statistical significance when comparing survivors and non-survivors. We conclude that blunt gastric injury is uncommon and is associated with other injuries of greater magnitude, which generally influence mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bruscagin
- Emergency Service, Department of Surgery, Santa Casa School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Souza HP, Laurindo FR, Ziegelstein RC, Berlowitz CO, Zweier JL. Vascular NAD(P)H oxidase is distinct from the phagocytic enzyme and modulates vascular reactivity control. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2001; 280:H658-67. [PMID: 11158964 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.2.h658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An NAD(P)H oxidase has been hypothesized to be the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vessels; however, questions remain about its function and similarity with the neutrophil oxidase. Therefore, vascular superoxide generation was measured by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy using the spin-trap 5,5'-dimethly-pyrroline-N-oxide in aortas from wild-type (WT) and gp91(phox)-deficient mice (gp91(phox)-/-), which do not have a functioning neutrophil NADPH oxidase. There was no significant difference between radical adduct formation by WT or gp91(phox)-/- mouse aortas either at baseline or after stimulation with NADPH or NADH. Also, spin-adduct formation was identical in the 100,000-g pellets obtained from WT and gp91(phox)-/- mouse aortas. SOD mimetics and the flavoenzyme inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium blocked spin-adduct formation from both intact vessels and particulate fractions. Other pharmacological inhibitors of metabolic pathways involved in ROS generation had no effect on this phenomenon. To examine the role of this enzyme in vascular tone control, aortic rings were suspended in organ chambers and preconstricted with phenylephrine to reach half-maximal contraction. Exposure to NADPH elicited a 20% increase in vascular tone, which was decreased by SOD mimetics in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that superoxide was responsible for this phenomenon. NADH had no effect on vascular tone. Thus superoxide is generated in the vessel wall by an NAD(P)H-dependent oxidase, which modulates vascular contractile tone. This enzyme is structurally and genetically distinct from the neutrophil NADPH oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Souza
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Laboratories and the Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Center, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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Janiszewski M, Pedro M, Souza H, Zweier J, Laurindo F. Crit Care 2001; 5:P20. [DOI: 10.1186/cc1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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da Cunha V, Souza HP, Rossoni LV, França AS, Vassallo DV. Effects of mercury on the isolated perfused rat tail vascular bed are endothelium-dependent. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2000; 39:124-130. [PMID: 10790511 DOI: 10.1007/s002440010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The effects of mercury on vascular smooth muscle results in vasoconstriction, but the mechanism of this action is not elucidated yet. To investigate this issue we examined the effects of HgCl(2) in the isolated rat tail vascular bed. The tail artery was dissected, cannulated, and perfused at a constant flow (2.5 ml/min) with Krebs solution plus EDTA 0.03 mM at 36 degrees C. After equilibration for 30 min the effects of increasing concentrations of HgCl(2) (0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 microM) on the perfusion pressure were investigated. Concentrations of HgCl(2), 2 microM and above, significantly increased perfusion pressure. Blockade of alpha receptors (prazosin 84 ng/ml) did not alter the responses to HgCl(2), suggesting that the metal does not induce the release of neurotransmitters from sympathetic nerve terminals. To investigate the possible role of endothelium on the vasoconstriction produced by HgCl(2), preparations were precontracted with 10(-7) M phenylepherine or perfused with 5 microM HgCl(2) for 20 min. Acetylcholine-vasodilated preparations precontracted with phenylepherine demonstrating the integrity of the endothelial nitric oxide-releasing mechanism. In contrast, after perfusion with 5 microM HgCl(2), the vasodilation produced by acetylcholine was abolished. In the presence of either phenylephrine or HgCl(2) the effects of sodium nitroprusside remained unchanged. Pretreatment with 30 microM indomethacin fully prevented the HgCl(2)-induced vasoconstriction. However, the endothelium-dependent vasodilation in response to acetylcholine was significantly reduced after indomethacin plus HgCl(2) treatment, meanwhile the vasodilation produced by nitroprusside remained unchanged. Pretreatment with L-arginine (1 mM) did not prevent the vasoconstriction induced by HgCl(2), nor did it restore the ability of acetylcholine to produce vasodilation, and it did not alter the response to sodium nitroprusside. The possibility of HgCl(2)'s actions mediated by the formation of free radicals was also investigated. The administration of 10 mM histidine significantly reduced the vasoconstrictor response if used before HgCl(2) treatment without improving the reduced vasodilation produced by acetylcholine. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the vasoconstriction produced by HgCl(2) may be mediated by the formation of superoxide anions, stimulating the production of a COX-derived vasoconstrictor agent and by reducing the endothelial vasodilator activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V da Cunha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biomedical Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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Souza HP, Souza LC, Anastacio VM, Pereira AC, Junqueira ML, Krieger JE, da Luz PL, Augusto O, Laurindo FR. Vascular oxidant stress early after balloon injury: evidence for increased NAD(P)H oxidoreductase activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2000; 28:1232-42. [PMID: 10889453 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(00)00240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Available evidence for oxidative stress after angioplasty is indirect or ambiguous. We sought to characterize the pattern, time course, and possible sources of free radical generation early after arterial balloon injury. Ex vivo injury performed in arterial rings in buffer with lucigenin yielded a massive oxygen-dependent peak of luminescence that decayed exponentially and was proportional to the degree of injury. Signals for injured vs. control arteries were 207. 1 +/- 17.9 (n = 13) vs 4.1 +/- 0.7 (n = 22) cpm x 10(3)/mg/min (p <. 001). Data obtained with 0.25 mmol/l lucigenin were validated with 0. 005-0.05 mmol/l lucigenin or the novel superoxide-sensitive probe coelenterazine (5 micromol/l). Gentle removal of endothelium prior to injury scarcely affected the amount of luminescence. Lucigenin signals were amplified 5- to 20-fold by exogenous NAD(P)H, and were >85% inhibited by diphenyliodonium (DPI, a flavoenzyme inhibitor). Antagonists of several other potential free radical sources, including xanthine oxidase, nitric oxide synthase, and mitochondrial electron transport, were without effect. Overdistension of intact rabbit iliac arteries in vivo (n = 7) induced 72% fall in intracellular reduced glutathione and 68% increase in oxidized glutathione, so that GSH/GSSG ratio changed from 7.93 +/- 2.14 to 0. 81 +/- 0.16 (p <.005). There was also 28.7% loss of the glutathione pool. Further studies were performed with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Rabbit aortas submitted to ex vivo overdistension in the presence of the spin trap DEPMPO (5-diethoxy-phosphoryl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide, 100 mmol/l, n = 5) showed formation of radical adduct spectra, abolished by DPI or superoxide dismutase. Computer simulation indicated a mixture of hydroxyl and carbon-centered radical adducts, likely due to decay of superoxide adduct. Electrical mobility shift assays for NF-kappaB activation were performed in nuclear protein extracts from intact or previously injured rabbit aortas. Balloon injury induced early NF-kappaB activation, which was decreased by DPI. In conclusion, our data show unambiguously that arterial injury induces an immediate profound vascular oxidative stress. Such redox imbalance is likely accounted for by activation of vessel wall NAD(P)H oxidoreductase(s), generating radical species potentially involved in tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Souza
- Emergency Medicine Research Laboratory, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
A case of extrahepatic portal hypertension and gastric variceal bleeding due to portal vein occlusion, most probably secondary to chronic pancreatitis, was treated by percutaneous transhepatic angioplasty. After the portal angioplasty there was marked clinical improvement, with control of the variceal bleeding and significant reduction of the pressure gradient within the portal system.
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