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Hammad H, Shaltout I, Fawzy MM, Rashed LA, A Mahfouz N, Abdelaziz TS. Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Level and Gene Polymorphism as Risk Factors for Depression in Patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus- A Case-Controlled Study. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:CDR-EPUB-137084. [PMID: 38192135 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998274778231218145449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus and depression are comorbidities that can be caused by each other. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) functions as a neuronal growth factor. It maintains the functional integrity of the nervous system. AIM To study the possible association between BDNF levels and gene polymorphism with depression in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS The Elisa technique measured BDNF, and rs6265 gene polymorphism was detected using real-time PCR. Depression was assessed utilizing a clinical interview tool designed to establish the diagnosis of depression and differentiate it from other psychiatric diseases. RESULTS BDNF levels were significantly lower in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and symptoms of depression than in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and no symptoms of depression (82.6±16.1. Vs 122± 17.47, p˂ 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in BDNF levels in patients with diabetes among the three genotypes of the BDNF gene (p-value < 0.001). Val/ Val carriers had the highest serum BDNF levels, and Met/ Met carriers had the lowest serum BDNF levels. Subgroup analysis showed statistically significant genotype-related differences in serum BDNF levels among the three subgroups in the Depression group. Val/ Val carriers had the highest serum BDNF levels, and Met/ Met carriers had the lowest serum BDNF levels. BDNF Val66Met polymorphism had no significant association with the presence of depression, yet there was a trend towards significance (p = 0.05) Conclusion: In this pilot, Low levels of BDNF were associated with depression in patients with type 2 diabetes. Carriers of the Met/ Met allele have the lowest serum BDNF levels. Multicenter studies with more participants are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany Hammad
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Inass Shaltout
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Mai M Fawzy
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Laila A Rashed
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Alainy University Hospitals Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Noha A Mahfouz
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Alainy Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Tarek S Abdelaziz
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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Hassanein M, Shaltout I, Malek R, Khalil SA, Ballout H, Annabi F, Shereen M. Real-world Safety and Effectiveness of Insulin Glargine 300 U/mL in Participants with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus During the Period of Ramadan in Four Countries (Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey): A Prospective Observational Study. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e110823219694. [PMID: 37581325 PMCID: PMC11071651 DOI: 10.2174/1573399820666230811152520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM This non-interventional observational study aimed to describe the clinical outcomes of patients with T2DM treated with Gla-300 during the period of Ramadan. BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients who decide to fast during the holy month of Ramadan face several challenges in achieving glycemic control without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia. Insulin glargine-300 (Gla-300) has well-established safety and efficacy in improving glycemic control in multiple randomized clinical trials (RCTs). However, limited evidence is available regarding its safety and effectiveness during fasting. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the safety and clinical outcomes of insulin glargine-300 (Gla-300) in T2DM patients before, during, and after Ramadan. METHODS We conducted a prospective, observational, non-comparative, multicenter study on patients with T2DM currently treated with Gla-300 who planned to fast and continue on Gla-300 during Ramadan in four countries (Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey). The study outcomes included the change in glycemic parameters and incidence of hypoglycemia before, during, and after Ramadan. RESULTS One hundred and forty T2DM patients were included. Nearly 61% of the included patients had a duration of diabetes of <10 years. The mean Gla-300 daily doses during the pre-Ramadan, Ramadan, and post-Ramadan periods were 22.2 ±7.4, 20.4 ±7.5, and 22.5 ±4.7 IU, respectively. The mean change values from pre-Ramadan to Ramadan and post-Ramadan were -1.7 ±6.9 IU and 0.5 ±4.7 IU, respectively, among the included patients. The mean HbA1c decreased during the study period initiating from 7.9% ±1.4% pre-Ramadan to 6.9% ±0.4% post-Ramadan. The overall HBA1c target value was 6.9% ±0.4%, while the HbA1c target was achieved by 29 patients (21.9%). The mean fasting blood glucose (FPG) showed a reduction from baseline value in the post-Ramadan period by -0.9 ±2.3 mmol/L. Five patients (3.57%) had symptomatic documented hypoglycemia during Ramadan, and none was considered to have severe hypoglycemia. CONCLUSION Our study showed that insulin Gla-300 maintained the glycemic control of T2DM patients who decided to fast during the holy month of Ramadan without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia. Regular self-monitoring of blood glucose levels during Ramadan is highly recommended to avoid possible complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inass Shaltout
- Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rachid Malek
- Internal Medicine Department, CHU Mohamed Saadna Abdennour, Se´tif, Algeria
| | - Samir Assaad Khalil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Diabetes, Lipidology & Metabolism, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hajar Ballout
- Private Clinic, Al Rassoul Al Aazam Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Mark Shereen
- Department of Medical Affairs, Sanofi, Cairo, Egypt
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Shaltout I, Abdelwahab AM, El Meligi A, Hammad H, Abdelghaffar S, Elbahry A, Taha N, Elsaid NH, Gad A, Hammouda L, Abdelmaboud S, Soliman AR. Risk Stratification in People with Diabetes for Fasting During Ramadan: Consensus from Arabic Association for the Study of Diabetes and Metabolism. Curr Diabetes Rev 2023; 20:CDR-EPUB-135379. [PMID: 37867270 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998249793231005105724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current international guidelines recommend a pre-Ramadan risk assessment for people with diabetes (PwDM) who plan on fasting during the Holy month. However, a comprehensive risk assessment-based recommendation for the management of PwDM intending to fast is still controversial. Therefore, the Arabic Association for the Study of Diabetes and Metabolism (AASD) developed this consensus to provide further insights into risk stratification in PwDM intending to fast during Ramadan. METHODS The present consensus was based on the three-step modified Delphi method. The modified Delphi method is based on a series of voting rounds and in-between meetings of the expert panel to reach agreements on the statements that did not reach the consensus level during voting. The panel group comprised professors and consultants in endocrinology (both adult and pediatric). Other members included experts in the fields of cardiovascular medicine, nephrology, ophthalmology, and vascular surgery, affiliated with academic institutions in Egypt. RESULT In PwDM who intend to fast during Ramadan, risk stratification is crucial to optimize patient outcomes and prevent serious complications. The present consensus provides risk assessment of those living with diabetes according to several factors, including the type of diabetes, presence, and severity of complications, number of fasting hours, and other socioeconomic factors. According to their risk factors, patients were classified into four categories (very high, high, moderate, and low risk). CONCLUSION Future research is warranted due to the controversial literature regarding the impact of fasting on certain comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inass Shaltout
- Internal Medicine and Diabetes Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Arabic Association for the Study of Diabetes and Metabolism (AASD)
| | - Amr Mahmoud Abdelwahab
- Internal Medicine and Diabetes Department, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
- Arabic Association for the Study of Diabetes and Metabolism (AASD)
| | - Amr El Meligi
- Internal Medicine and Diabetes Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Arabic Association for the Study of Diabetes and Metabolism (AASD)
| | - Hany Hammad
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Arabic Association for the Study of Diabetes and Metabolism (AASD)
| | - Shereen Abdelghaffar
- Pediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Arabic Association for the Study of Diabetes and Metabolism (AASD)
| | - Atef Elbahry
- Cardiology Unit, Port Fouad Centre, Port Foad, Egypt
- Arabic Association for the Study of Diabetes and Metabolism (AASD)
| | - Nasser Taha
- Minia University Cardiology Department Minya Egypt
- Cardiology Department, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Nehal Hamdy Elsaid
- Internal Medicine and Diabetes Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Arabic Association for the Study of Diabetes and Metabolism (AASD)
| | - Amr Gad
- Cairo University Vascular Surgery Department Cairo Egypt
- Vascular Surgery Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila Hammouda
- Minia University Ophthalmology Department Minya Egypt
- Ophthalmology Department, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Shaymaa Abdelmaboud
- Cardiology Department, National Heart Institute, Giza, Egypt
- Arabic Association for the Study of Diabetes and Metabolism (AASD)
| | - Amin Roshdy Soliman
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Arabic Association for the Study of Diabetes and Metabolism (AASD)
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Hassanein M, Yousuf S, Ahmedani MY, Albashier A, Shaltout I, Yong A, Hafidh K, Hussein Z, Kallash MA, Aljohani N, Wong HC, Buyukbese MA, Chowdhury T, Fadhila MERZOUKI, Taher SW, Belkhadir J, Malek R, Abdullah NRA, Shaikh S, Alabbood M. Ramadan fasting in people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) during the COVID-19 pandemic: The DaR global survey. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102799. [PMID: 37301008 PMCID: PMC10234835 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The DaR Global survey was conducted to observe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the intentions to fast and the outcomes of fasting in people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS Muslim people with diabetes and CKD were surveyed in 13 countries shortly after the end of Ramadan 2020, using a simple Survey Monkey questionnaire. RESULTS This survey recruited 6736 people with diabetes, of which 707 (10.49%) had CKD. There were 118 (16.69%) people with type1 diabetes (T1D), and 589 (83.31%) were with type2 diabetes (T2D). 62 (65.24%) people with T1D and 448 (76.06%) people with T2D had fasted with CKD. Episodes of hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia were more frequent among people with T1D compared to T2D, 64.52% and 43.54% vs 25.22% and 22.32% respectively. Visits to the emergency department and hospitalization were more frequent among people with CKD, however no significant difference was found between people with T1D and T2D. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic had only a minor effect on the intention to fast during Ramadan in people with diabetes and CKD. However, hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia were found to be more frequent, as well as emergency visits and hospital admissions among people with diabetic kidney disease. Prospective studies are needed in future to evaluate the risk indicators of hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia among fasting people with CKD, especially in the context of different stages of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hassanein
- Dubai Hospital, Mohamed Bin Rashed University, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sanobia Yousuf
- Research Department, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | | | - Alaa Albashier
- Dubai Hospital, Dubai, University of Sharjah UAE, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Inass Shaltout
- Internal Medicine and Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Alice Yong
- Endocrine Centre, RIPAS Hospital, Brunei Darussalam.
| | - Khadija Hafidh
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Rashid Hospital, Dubai Academic Health Corporation, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zanariah Hussein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Putrajaya, Putrajaya, Malaysia.
| | | | - Naji Aljohani
- Obesity, Endocrine and Metabolic Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hui Chin Wong
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah, Klang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | | | - Tahseen Chowdhury
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, UK.
| | | | | | - Jamal Belkhadir
- Endocrinologist - Diabetologist, Rabat, Morocco, President of Moroccan League for the Fight Against Diabetes, Chair of IDF Mena Region.
| | | | | | - Shehla Shaikh
- Saifee Hospital, Mumbai, Treasurer Maharashtra ESI Executive Committee Member ESI, India.
| | - Majid Alabbood
- Department of Medicine, Alzahra College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Iraq.
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Hassanein M, Malek R, Shaltout I, Sahay RK, Buyukbese MA, Djaballah K, Pilorget V, Coudert M, Al Sifri S. Real-world safety and effectiveness of iGlarLixi in people with type 2 diabetes who fast during Ramadan: The SoliRam observational study. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102707. [PMID: 36680967 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of iGlarLixi in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) fasting during Ramadan. METHODS SoliRam was a multinational, prospective, single-arm, real-world observational study conducted during Ramadan 2020 and 2021 in adults with T2D treated with iGlarLixi ≥3 months at study entry. The primary endpoint was the percentage of participants experiencing ≥1 episode of severe and/or symptomatic documented hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL [<3.9 mmol/L]). RESULTS Among the 409 eligible participants followed during Ramadan, 96.8% fasted for ≥25 days and 92.4% did not break fasting during Ramadan. Four participants broke their fast due to hypoglycemia. Minimal adjustments were seen in antihyperglycemic therapies from pre to during Ramadan. Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia was experienced by 1.0%, 2.3%, and 0.3% of participants, respectively, during the last month of pre-Ramadan, Ramadan, and first month post-Ramadan. Mean change in HbA1c from pre-to post-Ramadan periods was -0.75% (-8.2 mmol/mol), and participants with HbA1c <7% (<53 mmol/mol) increased from 7.9% pre-Ramadan to 28.6% post-Ramadan. CONCLUSIONS iGlarLixi is an effective and well-tolerated therapy for people with T2D, including those who intend to fast during Ramadan, and is associated with a low risk of hypoglycemia; benefits were observed both during and after Ramadan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hassanein
- Dubai Hospital, Al Khaleej Street, Al Baraha, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
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Alamoudi RM, Aljohani NJ, Alfadhli EM, Alzaman N, Alfadhly AF, Kallash MA, Alshenqete AM, Batais MA, Alharbi M, Ekhzaimy AA, Sheshah E, Ahmedani MY, Buyukbese MA, Shaltout I, Hemaida K, Belkhadir J, Afandi B, Hafidh K, Hussein Z, Elbarbary NS, Hassanein M. Fasting Ramadan in patients with T1DM - Saudi Arabia versus other countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102676. [PMID: 36463695 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To compare Saudi Arabia with other countries regarding patient attitudes towards fasting Ramadan and complications related to fasting during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Data collected from Saudi Arabia and 12 other mostly Muslim majority countries, via physician administered questionnaire within post Ramadan 2020. RESULTS 1485 Type1 diabetes (T1DM) patients analyzed; 705 (47.5%) from Saudi Arabia vs. 780 (52.5%) from other countries. 1056 (71.1%) fasted Ramadan; 636 (90.2%) of Saudi patients vs. 420 (53.8%) of other countries. Experiencing Ramadan during the COVID-19 pandemic did not affect the Saudi T1DM patients' decision to fast while it significantly influenced their decision in other countries (1.4 vs 9.9%, P < 0.001). More Saudi patients needed to break the fast due to a diabetes related complication compared to other countries (67.4% vs. 46.8%, p=<0.001). The mean number of days fasted in Saudi and other countries was 24 ± 7 and 23 ± 8 days respectively. Hypoglycemic events were more common among Saudi patients during Ramadan compared to other countries 72% and 43.6% (p < 0.001) respectively. There was a significant difference in timing; the largest peak for Saudi Arabia patients was after dawn (35% vs 7%, p < 0.001), while it was pre-sunset for the other countries (23 vs 54%, p = 0.595). Day time-hyperglycemia was also more common among Saudi patients (48.6% vs. 39%, p < 0.001), however it was a less likely cause to break the fast (25.6% vs 38.3%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Observing the fast of Ramadan is extremely common among Saudi T1DM patients compared to other Muslim countries and was not affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it was associated with higher frequency of hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem M Alamoudi
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Abdullah International Research Centre, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guards Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Naji J Aljohani
- Obesity, Endocrine and Metabolic Center, King Fahad Medical City, King Abdulaziz Bin Saud University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman M Alfadhli
- Department of Medicine, Medical College, Taibah University, AlMadinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naweed Alzaman
- Department of Medicine, Medical College, Taibah University, AlMadinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz F Alfadhly
- Department of Family Medicine, Prince Mansour Military Hospital, Taif City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majd-Aldeen Kallash
- Obesity, Endocrine and Metabolic Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed A Batais
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Aishah A Ekhzaimy
- Department of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Sheshah
- Diabetes Care Center, King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Yakoob Ahmedani
- Department of Medicine, Baqai Institute of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Inass Shaltout
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kamel Hemaida
- Glan Clwyd Hospital, Renal and Diabetes, Rhyl, Denbighshire, UK; Alexandria University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Department, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Jamal Belkhadir
- Moroccan League for the Fight Against Diabetes, IDF Middle East and North Africa, Morocco
| | | | - Khadija Hafidh
- Diabetes Unit, Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai Academic Health Cooperation, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zanariah Hussein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Putrajaya, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohamed Hassanein
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Dubai Hospital, Dubai Academic Health Cooperation, United Arab Emirates
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Shaltout I, Alkandari H, Fouad Y, Hamed AE. Arabic Association for the Study of Diabetes and Metabolism (AASD) endorsing the MAFLD definition of fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 2022; 76:739-740. [PMID: 34875311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inass Shaltout
- Arabic Association for the Study of Diabetes and Metabolism, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hessa Alkandari
- Paediatric Endocrinologist, Farwaniya Hospital, Kuwait; Department of Population Health, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait
| | - Yasser Fouad
- The Egyptian MAFLD research group (EMRG), Egypt; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endemic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Egypt
| | - Abd Elkhalek Hamed
- Arabic Association for the Study of Diabetes and Metabolism, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatology, and Diabetes, Egyptian Military Medical Academy, Cairo, Egypt
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Hassanein M, Afandi B, Yakoob Ahmedani M, Mohammad Alamoudi R, Alawadi F, Bajaj HS, Basit A, Bennakhi A, El Sayed AA, Hamdy O, Hanif W, Jabbar A, Kleinebreil L, Lessan N, Shaltout I, Mohamad Wan Bebakar W, Abdelgadir E, Abdo S, Al Ozairi E, Al Saleh Y, Alarouj M, Ali T, Ali Almadani A, Helmy Assaad-Khalil S, Bashier AMK, Arifi Beshyah S, Buyukbese MA, Ahmad Chowdhury T, Norou Diop S, Samir Elbarbary N, Elhadd TA, Eliana F, Ezzat Faris M, Hafidh K, Hussein Z, Iraqi H, Kaplan W, Khan TS, Khunti K, Maher S, Malek R, Malik RA, Mohamed M, Sayed Kamel Mohamed M, Ahmed Mohamed N, Pathan S, Rashid F, Sahay RK, Taha Salih B, Sandid MA, Shaikh S, Slim I, Tayeb K, Mohd Yusof BN, Binte Zainudin S. Diabetes and Ramadan: Practical guidelines 2021. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 185:109185. [PMID: 35016991 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fasting during Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam and is obligatory for all healthy Muslims from the age of puberty. Though individuals with some illness and serious medical conditions, including some people with diabetes, can be exempted from fasting, many will fast anyway. It is of paramount importance that people with diabetes that fast are given the appropriate guidance and receive proper care. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and Diabetes and Ramadan (DaR) International Alliance have come together to provide a substantial update to the previous guidelines. This update includes key information on fasting during Ramadan with type 1 diabetes, the management of diabetes in people of elderly ages and pregnant women, the effects of Ramadan on one's mental wellbeing, changes to the risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications, and areas of future research. The IDF-DAR Diabetes and Ramadan Practical Guidelines 2021 seek to improve upon the awareness, knowledge and management of diabetes during Ramadan, and to provide real-world recommendations to health professionals and the people with diabetes who choose to fast.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Abdul Basit
- Baqai Institute of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Osama Hamdy
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nader Lessan
- Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | | | - Sarah Abdo
- Bankstown - Lidcombe Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Yousef Al Saleh
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, KSA
| | | | - Tomader Ali
- Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Said Norou Diop
- Department of Medicine, Universite Cheikh Anta Diop De Dakar, Senegal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hinde Iraqi
- Endocrinologie et Maladies Métaboliques, CHU de Rabat, Maroc
| | | | | | - Kamlesh Khunti
- University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Salma Maher
- Diabetes UK, Meethi Zindagi Pakistan, Baqai Institute Pakistan, MywayDiabetes UK, Digibete UK
| | - Rachid Malek
- Department of internal Medicine, Setif hospital University, Algeria
| | | | | | | | - Nazeer Ahmed Mohamed
- Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Sameer Pathan
- International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ines Slim
- Multidisciplinary Private Clinic "Les Oliviers", Sousse, Tunisia
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Hassanein M, Al Sifri S, Shaikh S, Raza SA, Akram J, Rudijanto A, Shaltout I, Fariduddin M, Mohamed WMIBW, Al Awadi F, Durocher A, Cortese V, Alessa T. Descriptive Regional Subanalysis of a Real-World Study in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Gliclazide MR During Fasting: DIA-RAMADAN. Diabetes Ther 2021; 12:1703-1719. [PMID: 33974216 PMCID: PMC8179867 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-021-01067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To analyse the safety and effectiveness of gliclazide modified release (MR) in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus participating in Ramadan from three geographically and culturally different regions of the world included in the DIA-RAMADAN study. METHODS DIA-RAMADAN was a real-world, observational, international, non-comparative study. The global study population was divided into three regional subgroups, with data gathered at inclusion 6-8 weeks prior to Ramadan (V0), during Ramadan (4.5 weeks) and 4-6 weeks after Ramadan (V1). Primary endpoint was the proportion of patients reporting ≥ 1 symptomatic hypoglycaemic events (HE), which were collected using a patient diary along with other adverse events. RESULTS Patient numbers from the three regions were n = 564 (46.5%; Indian sub-continent), n = 354 (29.1%; Middle East) and n = 296 (24.4%; South-East Asia). Patient baseline characteristics, demographics, fasting habits and antidiabetic treatments varied between regions. There were similar proportions of symptomatic HE between regions, with no severe HE. Significant weight reductions were observed in all regions following Ramadan, along with reductions in HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose. CONCLUSION These real-world study data indicate that gliclazide MR is safe and effective for management of type 2 diabetes during Ramadan in all three regions studied as part of DIA-RAMADAN. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT04132934. INFOGRAPHIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hassanein
- Department of Endocrinology, Dubai Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Shehla Shaikh
- Department of Endocrinology, Saifee Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Syed Abbas Raza
- Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Javed Akram
- University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Achmad Rudijanto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University/Dr., Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Inass Shaltout
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Md Fariduddin
- Department of Endocrinology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Wan Mohd Izani Bin Wan Mohamed
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Fatheya Al Awadi
- Department of Endocrinology, Dubai Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alexandra Durocher
- Servier Global Medical and Patient Affairs-Diabetes, 35 rue de Verdun, 92284, Suresnes Cedex, France.
| | - Viviana Cortese
- Servier Global Medical and Patient Affairs-Diabetes, 35 rue de Verdun, 92284, Suresnes Cedex, France
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10
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Hassanein M, Sahay RK, Malek R, Shaltout I, Djaballah K, Demil N, Chao J, Andersson HM, Buyukbese MA, Sifri SA. Real-World Safety and Effectiveness of iGlarLixi in People With Type 2 Diabetes who Fast During Ramadan: Results From Wave 1 of the SOLIRAM Study. J Endocr Soc 2021. [PMCID: PMC8090142 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab048.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background: People with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at an increased risk of severe hypoglycaemia when fasting. SOLIRAM is an international, prospective, observational study evaluating the safety and effectiveness of the fixed-ratio combination (FRC) of insulin glargine 100 U/mL and lixisenatide (iGlarLixi) in people with T2D who fast during Ramadan. Methods: SOLIRAM will be performed in two waves. Here, we present the interim results, using descriptive statistics, from participants who fasted during Ramadan in 2020 (Wave 1). Adults with T2D who had taken iGlarLixi for ≥3 months before inclusion and who planned to fast for ≥15 days during Ramadan, were enrolled from 5 countries. During the study, iGlarLixi treatment was adjusted as per routine practice by the treating physician. Results: Overall, 155 people with T2D (54.2% male) were eligible. Mean±SD age was 58.4±9.5 years, body mass index was 30.5±6.0 kg/m² and 64.5% of people had ≥1 diabetes-related complications. Proportion of patients with ≥1 macro- and microvascular complications were 11.0% and 48.4%, respectively. Mean±SD duration of diabetes was 14.0±6.6 years and duration of iGlarLixi treatment prior to study participation was 5.7±3.3 months. Mean±SD length of fasting was 28.7±3.3 days and only 9/153 people (5.9%) broke the fast during Ramadan. Reported reasons for breaking the fast were travel, pre-existing conditions, adverse events (AEs; not related to iGlarLixi), hypoglycaemia, and menses. Change in antihyperglycaemic treatment class was minimal during the study with 79.4% and 54.2% of people taking biguanides and sulfonylureas during Ramadan, respectively. The mean±SD iGlarLixi dose changed from 24.8±11.6 U (pre-Ramadan) to 23.8±10.5 U (Ramadan period) and 24.9±11.6 U (post-Ramadan). During Ramadan, 137/153 (89.5%) and 11/153 (7.2%) of people took iGlarLixi at Iftar (evening) and before Suhur (morning), respectively. The number of participants reporting ≥1 severe and/or symptomatic documented hypoglycaemia (plasma glucose [PG] ≤70 mg/dL; primary endpoint) was 2/151 (1.3%) during pre-Ramadan, 3/148 (2.0%) during Ramadan, and none during post-Ramadan. No participant reported hypoglycaemia with PG <54 mg/dL and there were no severe or serious hypoglycaemia events. The rate of severe and/or symptomatic documented hypoglycaemia (PG ≤70 mg/dL) was 0.02 per patient-month. Improvements were observed for mean±SD HbA1c and fasting PG (pre-Ramadan, 8.4±1.1% and 146.9±32.1 mg/dL to post-Ramadan, 7.5±0.8% and 122.5±28.8 mg/dL) with an average reduction of -0.8±1.1% and -24.4±32.6 mg/dL, respectively. AEs were low (5.8%) and were not considered related to iGlarLixi, and there were no serious AEs. Conclusion: In a real-world setting, people with T2D treated with FRC iGlarLixi were able to fast for most of the month of Ramadan; the incidence of hypoglycaemia was low and glycaemic control was improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hassanein
- Dubai Hospital, Al Khaleej Street, Al Baraha, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Hassanein M, Hussein Z, Shaltout I, Wan Seman WJ, Tong CV, Mohd Noor N, Buyukbese MA, El Tony L, Shaker GM, Alamoudi RM, Hafidh K, Fariduddin M, Batais MA, Shaikh S, Malek PR, Alabbood M, Sahay R, Alshenqete AM, Yakoob Ahmedani M. The DAR 2020 Global survey: Ramadan fasting during COVID 19 pandemic and the impact of older age on fasting among adults with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 173:108674. [PMID: 33493579 PMCID: PMC7826018 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The DAR Global survey of Ramadan-fasting during the COVID-19 pandemic aimed to describe the characteristics and care in participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with a specific comparison between those <65 years and ≥65 years. METHODS Participants were consented to answer a physician-administered questionnaire following Ramadan 2020. Impact of COVID-19 on the decision of fasting, intentions to fast and duration of Ramadan and Shawal fasting, hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia events were assessed. Specific analysis comparing age categories of <65 years and ≥65 years were performed. RESULTS Among the 5865 participants, 22.5% were ≥65 years old. Concern for COVID-19 affected fasting decision for 7.6% (≥65 years) vs 5.4% (<65 years). More participants ≥65 years old did not fast (28.8% vs 12.7%, <65 years). Of the 83.6%, participants fulfilling Ramadan-fasting, 94.8% fasted ≥15 days and 12.6% had to break fast due to diabetes-related illness. The average number of days fasting within and post-Ramadan were 27 and 6 days respectively, regardless of age. Hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia occurred in 15.7% and 16.3% of participants respectively, with 6.5% and 7.4% requiring hospital care respectively. SMBG was performed in 73.8% of participants and 43.5% received Ramadan-focused education. CONCLUSION During the COVID-19 pandemic, universally high rates of Ramadan-fasting were observed regardless of fasting risk level. Glycemic complications occurred frequently with older adults requiring higher rates of acute hospital care. Risk stratification is essential followed by pre-Ramadan interventions, Ramadan-focused diabetes education and self-monitoring to reduce and prevent complications, with particular emphasis in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hassanein
- Dubai Hospital, DHA, United Arab Emirates; Gulf Medical University, United Arab Emirates; Postgraduate Diabetes Education, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Zanariah Hussein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Putrajaya, Putrajaya, Malaysia.
| | - Inass Shaltout
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Nurain Mohd Noor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Putrajaya, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Gamal Mohamed Shaker
- Strategic Data Analysis, Research and Studies Department Dubai Health Authority, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Reem M Alamoudi
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khadija Hafidh
- Rashid Hospital, Diabetes Unit, Dubai Health Authority, United Arab Emirates.
| | - M Fariduddin
- Department of Endocrinology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed A Batais
- Diabetes & Chronic Disease Management, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Rakesh Sahay
- Department of Endocrinology, Osmania Medical College & Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad, India
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Hassanein M, Alamoudi RM, Kallash MA, Aljohani NJ, Alfadhli EM, Tony LE, Khogeer GS, Alfadhly AF, Khater AE, Ahmedani MY, Buyukbese MA, Shaltout I, Belkhadir J, Hafidh K, Chowdhury TA, Hussein Z, Elbarbary NS. Ramadan fasting in people with type 1 diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic: The DaR Global survey. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 172:108626. [PMID: 33321160 PMCID: PMC7836519 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The DaR Global survey was conducted to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the intentions to fast and the outcomes of fasting in <18 years versus ≥18 years age groups with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). METHODS Muslim people with T1DM were surveyed in 13 countries between June and August 2020, shortly after the end of Ramadan (23rd April-23rd May 2020) using a simple questionnaire. RESULTS 71.1% of muslims with T1DM fasted during Ramadan. Concerns about COVID-19 were higher in individuals ≥18 years (p = 0.002). The number of participants who decided not to fast plus those who received Ramadan-focused education were significantly higher in the ≥18-year group (p < 0.05). Hypoglycemia (60.7%) as well as hyperglycemia (44.8%) was major complications of fasting during Ramadan in both groups irrespective of age. CONCLUSION COVID-19 pandemic had minor impact on the decision to fast Ramadan in T1DM cohort. This was higher in the age group of ≥18 years compared to those <18 years group. Only regional differences were noted for fasting attitude and behavior among T1DM groups. This survey highlights the need for Ramadan focused diabetes education to improve glucose control and prevent complications during fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hassanein
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Dubai Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Reem M Alamoudi
- Department of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Naji J Aljohani
- Department of Obesity, Endocrine and Metabolic Center, King Abdulaziz bin Saud University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman M Alfadhli
- Department of Medicine, Medical College, Taibah University Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lobna El Tony
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Centre, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Ghofran S Khogeer
- King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz F Alfadhly
- Department of Family Medicine, Prince Mansour Military Hospital, Taif City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed ElMamoon Khater
- Studies & Research & Data analysis Department, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad Yakoob Ahmedani
- Department of Medicine, Baqai Institute of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Inass Shaltout
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jamal Belkhadir
- Moroccan League for the Fight Against Diabetes, IDF Middle East and North Africa, Morocco
| | - Khadija Hafidh
- Diabetes Unit, Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tahseen A Chowdhury
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zanariah Hussein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Putrajaya, Putrajaya, Malaysia
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Hassanein M, Bashier A, Randeree H, Abouelmagd M, AlBaker W, Afandi B, Abu Hijleh O, Shaltout I, Ei-Sharkawy M, Dagdelen S, Assaad Khalil S. Use of SGLT2 inhibitors during Ramadan: An expert panel statement. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 169:108465. [PMID: 32971151 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Fasting from dawn to sunset, during the holy month of Ramadan, constitutes one of the five main pillars in Islam and is observed by the majority of Muslims. Owing to important physiological changes, Ramadan fasting holds a crucial place in the context of diabetes management. Approximately one-fifth of the world's Muslim population resides in the Middle East and Africa (MEA) region. To discuss the challenges and management of diabetes during Ramadan fasting in the MEA region, a panel of 12 experts in the field of diabetes from across the MEA region attended two expert committee meetings held in Dubai. The key point of discussion was the safety and efficacy of the use of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) during Ramadan, based on outcomes of the recent clinical trials with SGLT2i. This is the first consensus recommendation on the management of diabetes with SGLT2i across the MEA region during Ramadan. The document summarizes expert views and opinions on the current management of diabetes with SGLT2i during Ramadan and aims to enhance the current knowledge and understanding on the issue of diabetes management during Ramadan. This will aid the physicians of the MEA region with appropriate decision-making for their patients during Ramadan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hassanein
- Consultant Endocrinology, Dubai Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| | | | | | | | - Waleed AlBaker
- Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Immam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bachar Afandi
- Division Chief, Endocrinology (Diabetic Clinic - Medical Affairs, Tawam Hospital), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Omar Abu Hijleh
- Senior Consultant Endocrinologist, Jordan Center for Thyroid, Endocrine Diseases and Diabetes, Jordan Hospital Medical Center, Jordan
| | | | - Magdy Ei-Sharkawy
- Professor, Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Selcuk Dagdelen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Turkey
| | - Samir Assaad Khalil
- Professor of Endocrinology, Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Hassanein M, Buyukbese MA, Malek R, Pilorget V, Naqvi M, Berthou B, Shaltout I, Kumar Sahay R. Real-world safety and effectiveness of insulin glargine 300 U/mL in participants with type 2 diabetes who fast during Ramadan: The observational ORION study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 166:108189. [PMID: 32360709 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS ORION evaluated the safety and effectiveness of Gla-300 in insulin-treated people with T2DM before, during and after Ramadan, in a real-world setting. METHODS This prospective, observational study across 11 countries included participants with T2DM treated with Gla-300 in pre-Ramadan, Ramadan and post-Ramadan periods. The primary endpoint was the percentage of participants experiencing ≥1 event of severe and/or symptomatic documented hypoglycaemia with self-monitored plasma glucose (SMPG) ≤70 mg/dL during Ramadan. Secondary endpoints included change in HbA1c and insulin dose and adverse events (AEs). RESULTS The mean ± SD number of fasting days was 30.1 ± 3.2. The percentage of participants experiencing ≥1 event of severe and/or symptomatic documented hypoglycaemia (SMPG ≤70 [<54] mg/dL) was low in the pre-Ramadan (2.2% [0.8%]), Ramadan (2.6% [0%]) and post-Ramadan (0.2% [0%]) periods. No participants reported severe hypoglycaemia during Ramadan or post-Ramadan; one participant reported severe hypoglycaemia in pre-Ramadan. HbA1c fell pre- to post-Ramadan, and Gla-300 daily dose (mean ± SD) was reduced pre-Ramadan to Ramadan (from 25.6 ± 11.9 U/0.32 ± 0.14 U/kg to 24.4 ± 11.5 U/0.30 ± 0.13 U/kg). Incidence of AEs was 5.5%. CONCLUSIONS In ORION, people with T2DM treated with Gla-300 who fasted during Ramadan had a low risk of severe/symptomatic hypoglycaemia and improved glycaemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hassanein
- Dubai Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| | | | - Rachid Malek
- Internal Medicine Department, CHU Mohamed Saadna Abdennour, Sétif, Algeria
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Hassanein M, Buyukbese MA, Malek R, Pilorget V, Naqvi M, Berthou B, Shaltout I, Sahay RK. SUN-LB126 Real-World Safety and Effectiveness of Insulin Glargine 300 U/ML (Gla-300) in People With Type 2 Diabetes Who Fast During Ramadan. J Endocr Soc 2020. [PMCID: PMC7208348 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa046.2134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ORION was a prospective, observational study evaluating the safety and effectiveness of the second-generation basal insulin analog Gla-300 in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who fast during Ramadan. Adults with T2DM who intended to fast for ≥15 days during Ramadan, had taken Gla-300 for ≥8 weeks prior to inclusion, and intended to continue its use during Ramadan were enrolled in 11 countries. During Ramadan, Gla-300 treatment was adjusted as per routine practice by the treating physician. Overall, the majority of people (402 [85%]) fasted for the entire Ramadan period and 10.8% fasted for ≥25 days but with at least one missed day. Mean (SD) age was 54.4 (11.0) years, 51.7% were male, BMI was 29.7 (5.3) kg/m2, and duration of diabetes was 10.7 (7.0) years. Risks of diabetes-related complications associated with fasting were assessed by physicians according to IDF-DAR fasting risk category; risk was low/moderate in 82.8%, high in 14.3%, and very high in 2.9% of people. The proportion of people with ≥1 severe and/or documented symptomatic (SMPG ≤70 mg/dL) hypoglycemia event was low (2.2% [event rate: 0.021 per participant-month (PPM)] in pre-Ramadan, 2.6% [0.039 PPM] in Ramadan and 0.2% in post-Ramadan [0.003 PPM]). Overall, 0.8% (0.005 PPM) of participants experienced severe and/or documented symptomatic hypoglycemia at SMPG <54 mg/dL, and only during pre-Ramadan. No participants had severe hypoglycemia during Ramadan or post-Ramadan; 1 participant had severe hypoglycemia pre-Ramadan. Most of those who experienced symptomatic hypoglycemia during Ramadan did so during fasting hours (11/13 people). Reductions were shown pre- to post-Ramadan for mean (SD) HbA1c (8.10 % [1.29] pre-Ramadan to 7.64 % [1.05] post-Ramadan; change of −0.44 % [0.97]), FPG (144.3 [45.8] mg/dL pre-Ramadan to 128.5 [37.8] mg/dL post-Ramadan; change of −13.5 [44.1] mg/dL), and fasting SMPG (130.7 [32.9] mg/dL pre-Ramadan to 126.8 [28.5] mg/dL post-Ramadan; change of −3.3 [26.6] mg/dL). Mean Gla-300 dose was reduced slightly between pre-Ramadan and Ramadan (25.6 [11.9] U/0.32 [0.14] U/kg pre-Ramadan to 24.4 [11.5] U/0.30 [0.13] U/kg in Ramadan) and returned to 26.0 (12.2) U/0.32 (0.14) U/kg in the post-Ramadan period. AE incidence was low (5.5%); 3 (0.6%) participants had an AE of hyperglycemia, 2 (0.4%) during Ramadan. In this study, performed in a real-world setting, incidence of hypoglycemia was low in people with T2DM treated with Gla-300 who fasted for Ramadan, with no incidence of severe hypoglycemia during the Ramadan period; HbA1c, FPG and fasting SMPG reductions were also observed. Supported By: Sanofi
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rachid Malek
- Internal Medicine Department, CHU Mohamed Saadna Abdennour, Setif, Algeria
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16
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Hassanein M, Al Sifri S, Shaikh S, Abbas Raza S, Akram J, Pranoto A, Rudijanto A, Shaltout I, Fariduddin M, Mohd Izani Wan Mohamed W, Al Awadi F, Alessa T. A real-world study in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with gliclazide modified-release during fasting: DIA-RAMADAN. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 163:108154. [PMID: 32330510 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the real-world safety and effectiveness of gliclazide modified release (MR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) fasting during Ramadan. METHODS DIA-RAMADAN (NCT04132934) was a prospective, international, observational study conducted in nine countries. Patients >18 years of age with T2DM (N = 1244) were examined at an inclusion visit (V0) occurring 6-8 weeks before the start of Ramadan. Patients received a diary to report treatment changes, hypoglycaemic events (HEs), and other adverse events. Gliclazide MR was taken once daily for 14-18 weeks. A second visit (V1) was conducted 4-6 weeks after the end of Ramadan. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients reporting ≥1 symptomatic HE. Changes in HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and body weight were secondary endpoints. RESULTS The proportion of patients reporting ≥1 symptomatic HE during Ramadan was low (2.2%) with no reported severe HEs. There was a significant reduction in HbA1c (-0.3%), FPG (-9.7 mg/dL), body weight (-0.5 kg) and body mass index (-0.2 kg/m2) between V0 and V1 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with T2DM treated with gliclazide MR during Ramadan have a low risk of hypoglycaemia and maintain glycaemic control and weight while fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hassanein
- Department of Endocrinology, Dubai Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| | | | - Shehla Shaikh
- Department of Endocrinology, Saifee Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Syed Abbas Raza
- Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Javed Akram
- University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Agung Pranoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University/Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Achmad Rudijanto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University/Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Inass Shaltout
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Md Fariduddin
- Department of Endocrinology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Fatheya Al Awadi
- Department of Endocrinology, Dubai Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Khattab M, Mahmoud K, Shaltout I. Effect of Vildagliptin Versus Sulfonylurea in Muslim Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Fasting During Ramadan in Egypt: Results from VIRTUE Study. Diabetes Ther 2016; 7:551-60. [PMID: 27550549 PMCID: PMC5014796 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-016-0190-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fasting in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with high risk of hypoglycemia. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of vildagliptin in T2DM patients fasting during Ramadan in a real-life setting in Egypt. METHODS In this 16-week prospective and noninterventional study, data were collected up to 6 weeks before and after Ramadan fasting. Patients who had received vildagliptin or sulfonylurea (SU) either as dual therapy with metformin or as monotherapy were enrolled into the study. RESULTS Two hundred fifty four patients were enrolled in the study, out of which 246 [121 (97.6%) treated with vildagliptin and 125 (99.2%) with SU] were included in the safety analysis set. A significantly lower proportion of patients experienced ≥1 hypoglycemic event (HE) with vildagliptin as compared to those receiving SUs (1.7% vs. 19.2%, respectively; p < 0.001). No patient in either group reported a grade 2 HE. At week 16, mean change in HbA1c from baseline for vildagliptin and SU were -0.1% and +0.3%, respectively, with a between-treatment difference of -0.4% (p < 0.001). Mean change in body weight from baseline for vildagliptin and SU were -0.8 and -0.1 kg, with a between-treatment difference of -0.7 kg (p = 0.011). A higher proportion of SU-treated patients experienced adverse events compared to those treated with vildagliptin (23.2% vs. 5.8%, respectively), the primary reason being the high incidence of hypoglycemia in the SU group (n = 24, 19.2%). CONCLUSIONS Treatment with vildagliptin was associated with lower incidence of hypoglycemia compared with SU and showed good glycemic and weight control in patients with T2DM fasting during Ramadan in a real-life setting in Egypt. FUNDING Novartis Pharma AG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Khattab
- Internal Medicine and Diabetes, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Khalifa Mahmoud
- Internal Medicine and Diabetes, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Inass Shaltout
- Internal Medicine and Diabetes, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Hassoun AAK, Pathan MF, Medlej RC, Alarouj M, Shaltout I, Chawla MS, Knap D, Vaz JA. Effects of vildagliptin relative to sulfonylureas in Muslim patients with type 2 diabetes fasting during Ramadan: influence of age and treatment with/without metformin in the VIRTUE study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2016; 9:225-31. [PMID: 27555791 PMCID: PMC4968856 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s103692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND VIRTUE was a prospective, observational study assessing the effectiveness and safety of vildagliptin vs sulfonylureas (SUs) (both as monotherapy and in combination with metformin) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who fasted during Ramadan. A post hoc analysis was carried out to assess the effect of treatment with/without metformin and age (<65 years or ≥65 years). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were recruited from the Middle East and Asia. The primary end point was proportion of patients with one or more hypoglycemic event (HE) during Ramadan. Secondary end points included change from baseline in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body weight, and safety. RESULTS Overall, 684 patients received vildagliptin and 631 received SUs. Most patients received dual therapy with metformin (n=1,148) and were aged <65 years (n=1,189). A few patients experienced one or more HE with vildagliptin vs SU monotherapy (6.5% vs 14.5%) and with vildagliptin + metformin vs SUs + metformin (5.3% vs 20.6%); the latter achieved statistical significance (P<0.001) in both age subgroups (<65 years: 5.5% vs 18.4%, P<0.001; ≥65 years: 2.8% vs 30.9%, P<0.001). Vildagliptin was associated with numerically greater HbA1c and body weight reductions vs SUs, regardless of the therapy type or age. A higher proportion of SU- vs vildagliptin-treated patients experienced adverse events across all subgroups. CONCLUSION A few patients experienced HEs with vildagliptin vs SUs regardless of age, and in patients on dual therapy. Vildagliptin ± metformin was also associated with good glycemic and weight control and was well tolerated. Vildagliptin might be a useful treatment option for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly high-risk populations such as the elderly fasting during Ramadan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed AK Hassoun
- Dubai Diabetes Centre, Dubai, UAE
- Correspondence: Ahmed AK Hassoun, Dubai Diabetes Center, Al Hudaiba Awards Buildings, Near the Union House, Southern end of 2nd of December Street,Block C, First Floor, Dubai, PO Box 213480, UAE, Tel +971 4 3819 6012, Fax +971 4 354 6669, Email
| | | | - Rita C Medlej
- Department of Endocrinology, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital
- Chronic Care Centre, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | | | | | | | - Julius A Vaz
- Novartis Healthcare Private Limited, Hyderabad, India
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Al-Arouj M, Hassoun AAK, Medlej R, Pathan MF, Shaltout I, Chawla MS, Hristoskova S, Ditommaso S, Kadwa MY. The effect of vildagliptin relative to sulphonylureas in Muslim patients with type 2 diabetes fasting during Ramadan: the VIRTUE study. Int J Clin Pract 2013; 67:957-63. [PMID: 24001317 PMCID: PMC4230330 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To assess, in a real-world setting, the effect of vildagliptin compared with sulphonylurea (SU) treatment on hypoglycaemia in Muslim patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) fasting during Ramadan. METHODS This multinational, non-interventional study, conducted in Asia and the Middle East, included Muslim adult patients with T2DM who received treatment with vildagliptin or SU as add-on to metformin or monotherapy. During a ~16-week observation period, data were collected up to 6 weeks before and 6 weeks after Ramadan fasting. The primary study objective was to compare the proportion of patients with ≥ 1 hypoglycaemic event (HE) during fasting. RESULTS Of > 1300 patients enrolled in the study, 684 were treated with vildagliptin and 631 with SUs. Significantly fewer patients experienced ≥ 1 HE with vildagliptin compared with those receiving SUs (5.4% vs. 19.8%, respectively; p < 0.001); no vildagliptin-treated patients reported a grade 2 HE, vs. 4 SU-treated patients (p = 0.053). Mean HbA1c changes from baseline were vildagliptin: -0.24%, SUs: +0.02% (p < 0.001). Mean body weight reductions from baseline were vildagliptin: -0.76 kg, SUs: -0.13 kg (p < 0.001). A higher proportion of SU-treated patients experienced adverse events (AEs) compared with vildagliptin (22.8% vs. 10.2%). This difference was driven by hypoglycaemia as the most common AE. CONCLUSIONS In this real-world study of fasting Muslim patients with T2DM, vildagliptin was associated with significantly fewer hypoglycaemic episodes compared with SU therapy. This outcome is particularly meaningful when viewed in the context of good glycaemic and weight control observed in vildagliptin-treated patients. Vildagliptin was well tolerated in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Al-Arouj
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait
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Shaltout I, Mohamed TA. Raman spectrum, quantum mechanical calculations and vibrational assignments of (95% alpha-TeO2/5% Sm2O3) glass. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2007; 67:450-4. [PMID: 16982208 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2006.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2006] [Accepted: 08/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Chozen system of tellurite glasses doped with rare earth oxides (95% alpha-TeO(2)+5% Sm2O3) was prepared by melt quenching. Consequently, the Raman spectrum (150-1250 cm(-1)) of the modified tellurite have been recorded. As a continuation to our normal coordinate analysis, force constants and quantum mechanical (QM) calculations for tbp TeO4(4-) (triagonal bipyramid, C(2v)) and TeO(3+1); Te2O7(6-) (bridged tetrahedral), we have carried out ab initio frequency calculations for tpy TeO3(2-) (triagonal pyramidal, C(3v) and C(s)) and tp TeO3(2-) (triagonal planar, D(3h)) ions. The quantum mechanical calculations at the levels of RHF, B3LYP and MP2 allow confident vibrational assignments and structural identification in the binary oxide glass (95% alpha-TeO2 +5% Sm2O3). The dominant three-dimensional network structures in the modified glass are triagonal pyramidal TeO3 with minor features of short range distorted tbp TeO4 and bridged tetrahedral unit of TeO(3+1), leading to a structure of infinite chain. Therefore, alpha-TeO2/Sm2O3 (95/5%) glass experience structural changes from TeO4 (tbp); Te2O7 (TeO(3+1))-->TeO3 (tpy).
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Affiliation(s)
- I Shaltout
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt
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Mohamed TA, Shaltout I, Al Yahyaei KM. Structural characterization of tellurite glasses doped with transition metal oxides using Raman spectra and ab initio calculations. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2006; 64:106-15. [PMID: 16098796 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2005.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2005] [Accepted: 07/02/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Systems of iron tellurite glasses were prepared by melt quenching with compositions of [85%TeO2+5%Fe2O3+10%TMO], where transition metal oxides (TMO) are TiO2, V2O5, MnO, CoO, NiO and CuO. Furthermore, the main structural units of these samples have been characterized by means of Raman spectra (150-1200 cm(-1)) as well as wavenumber predictions by means of Gaussian 98 ab initio calculations for the proposed site symmetries of TeO4(4-) triagonal bipyramid (C2v) and Te2O7(6-) bridged tetrahedra (Cs and C1). Aided by normal coordinate analysis, calculated vibrational frequencies, Raman scattering activities, force constants in internal coordinates and potential energy distributions (PEDs), revised vibrational assignments for the fundamental modes have been proposed. The main structural features are correlated to the dominant units of triagonal bipyramid (tbp) or bridged tetrahedral (TeO3+1 binds to TeO3 through TeOTe bridge; corner sharing). Moreover, the Raman spectra of the investigated tellurites reflect a structural change from tbp (coordination number is four) to triagonal pyramidal (coordination number is three).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884 Cairo, Egypt.
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