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McEvoy SL, Lustenhouwer N, Melen MK, Nguyen O, Marimuthu MPA, Chumchim N, Beraut E, Parker IM, Meyer RS. Chromosome-level reference genome of stinkwort, Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter: A resource for studies on invasion, range expansion, and evolutionary adaptation under global change. J Hered 2023; 114:561-569. [PMID: 37262429 PMCID: PMC10445520 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter, or stinkwort, is a weedy annual plant within the family Asteraceae. The species is recognized for the rapid expansion of both its native and introduced ranges: in Europe, it has expanded its native distribution northward from the Mediterranean basin by nearly 7 °C latitude since the mid-20th century, while in California and Australia the plant is an invasive weed of concern. Here, we present the first de novo D. graveolens genome assembly (1N = 9 chromosomes), including complete chloroplast (151,013 bp) and partial mitochondrial genomes (22,084 bp), created using Pacific Biosciences HiFi reads and Dovetail Omni-C data. The final primary assembly is 835 Mbp in length, of which 98.1% are represented by 9 scaffolds ranging from 66 to 119 Mbp. The contig N50 is 74.9 Mbp and the scaffold N50 is 96.9 Mbp, which, together with a 98.8% completeness based on the BUSCO embryophyta10 database containing 1,614 orthologs, underscores the high quality of this assembly. This pseudo-molecule-scale genome assembly is a valuable resource for our fundamental understanding of the genomic consequences of range expansion under global change, as well as comparative genomic studies in the Asteraceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L McEvoy
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
- Department of Conservation and Research, Santa Barbara Botanic Garden, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Nicky Lustenhouwer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Miranda K Melen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Oanh Nguyen
- DNA Technologies and Expression Analysis Core Laboratory, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Mohan P A Marimuthu
- DNA Technologies and Expression Analysis Core Laboratory, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Noravit Chumchim
- DNA Technologies and Expression Analysis Core Laboratory, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Eric Beraut
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Ingrid M Parker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Rachel S Meyer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
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Liu X, Parker IM, Gilbert GS, Lu Y, Xiao Y, Zhang L, Huang M, Cheng Y, Zhang Z, Zhou S. Coexistence is stabilized by conspecific negative density dependence via fungal pathogens more than oomycete pathogens. Ecology 2022; 103:e3841. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education College of Forestry, Hainan University Haikou P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystems College of Ecology, Lanzhou University Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Ingrid M. Parker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Santa Cruz California U.S.A
| | - Gregory S. Gilbert
- Department of Environmental Studies University of California Santa Cruz California U.S.A
| | - Yawen Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Mengjiao Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yikang Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining P. R. China
| | - Shurong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education College of Forestry, Hainan University Haikou P. R. China
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Tanner KE, Wasson K, Parker IM. Competition rather than facilitation affects plant performance across an abiotic stress gradient in a restored California salt marsh. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen E. Tanner
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street Santa Cruz CA USA 95064
| | - Kerstin Wasson
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street Santa Cruz CA USA 95064
- Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve, 1700 Elkhorn Road Watsonville CA USA 95076
| | - Ingrid M. Parker
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street Santa Cruz CA USA 95064
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Tanner KE, Moore‐O’Leary KA, Parker IM, Pavlik BM, Haji S, Hernandez RR. Microhabitats associated with solar energy development alter demography of two desert annuals. Ecol Appl 2021; 31:e02349. [PMID: 33817888 PMCID: PMC8459290 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Political and economic initiatives intended to increase energy production while reducing carbon emissions are driving demand for solar energy. Consequently, desert regions are now targeted for development of large-scale photovoltaic solar energy facilities. Where vegetation communities are left intact or restored within facilities, ground-mounted infrastructure may have negative impacts on desert-adapted plants because it creates novel rainfall runoff and shade conditions. We used experimental solar arrays in the Mojave Desert to test how these altered conditions affect population dynamics for a closely related pair of native annual plants: rare Eriophyllum mohavense and common E. wallacei. We estimated aboveground demographic rates (seedling emergence, survivorship, and fecundity) over 7 yr and used seed bank survival rates from a concurrent study to build matrix models of population growth in three experimental microhabitats. In drier years, shade tended to reduce survival of the common species, but increase survival of the rare species. In a wet year, runoff from panels tended to increase seed output for both species. Population growth projections from microhabitat-specific matrix models showed stronger effects of microhabitat under wetter conditions, and relatively little effect under dry conditions (lack of rainfall was an overwhelming constraint). Performance patterns across microhabitats in the wettest year differed between rare and common species. Projected growth of E. mohavense was substantially reduced in shade, mediated by negative effects on aboveground demographic rates. Hence, the rare species were more susceptible to negative effects of panel infrastructure in wet years that are critical to seed bank replenishment. Our results suggest that altered shade and water runoff regimes associated with energy infrastructure will have differential effects on demographic transitions across annual species and drive population-level processes that determine local abundance, resilience, and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E. Tanner
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology DepartmentUniversity of California1156 High StreetSanta CruzCalifornia95064USA
| | - Kara A. Moore‐O’Leary
- Department of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of CaliforniaOne Shields AvenueDavisCalifornia95616USA
- Present address:
U.S. Fish and Wildlife ServicePacific Southwest Region3020 State University Drive EastSacramentoCalifornia95819USA
| | - Ingrid M. Parker
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology DepartmentUniversity of California1156 High StreetSanta CruzCalifornia95064USA
| | - Bruce M. Pavlik
- Conservation DepartmentRed Butte Garden and ArboretumUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtah84108USA
| | - Sophia Haji
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology DepartmentUniversity of California1156 High StreetSanta CruzCalifornia95064USA
| | - Rebecca R. Hernandez
- Department of Land, Air & Water ResourcesUniversity of CaliforniaOne Shields AvenueDavisCalifornia95616USA
- Wild Energy InitiativeJohn Muir Institute of the EnvironmentUniversity of CaliforniaOne Shields AvenueDavisCalifornia95616USA
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5
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Cronin MR, Alonzo SH, Adamczak SK, Baker DN, Beltran RS, Borker AL, Favilla AB, Gatins R, Goetz LC, Hack N, Harenčár JG, Howard EA, Kustra MC, Maguiña R, Martinez-Estevez L, Mehta RS, Parker IM, Reid K, Roberts MB, Shirazi SB, Tatom-Naecker TAM, Voss KM, Willis-Norton E, Vadakan B, Valenzuela-Toro AM, Zavaleta ES. Anti-racist interventions to transform ecology, evolution and conservation biology departments. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:1213-1223. [PMID: 34373620 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Racial and ethnic discrimination persist in science, technology, engineering and mathematics fields, including ecology, evolution and conservation biology (EECB) and related disciplines. Marginalization and oppression as a result of institutional and structural racism continue to create barriers to inclusion for Black people, Indigenous people and people of colour (BIPOC), and remnants of historic racist policies and pseudoscientific theories continue to plague these fields. Many academic EECB departments seek concrete ways to improve the climate and implement anti-racist policies in their teaching, training and research activities. We present a toolkit of evidence-based interventions for academic EECB departments to foster anti-racism in three areas: in the classroom; within research laboratories; and department wide. To spark restorative discussion and action in these areas, we summarize EECB's racist and ethnocentric histories, as well as current systemic problems that marginalize non-white groups. Finally, we present ways that EECB departments can collectively address shortcomings in equity and inclusion by implementing anti-racism, and provide a positive model for other departments and disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R Cronin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
| | - Suzanne H Alonzo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie K Adamczak
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - D Nevé Baker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Roxanne S Beltran
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Abraham L Borker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Arina B Favilla
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Remy Gatins
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Laura C Goetz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Hack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Julia G Harenčár
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Howard
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Matthew C Kustra
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Rossana Maguiña
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Lourdes Martinez-Estevez
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Rita S Mehta
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Ingrid M Parker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Kyle Reid
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - May B Roberts
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Sabrina B Shirazi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | | | - Kelley M Voss
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Ellen Willis-Norton
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Bee Vadakan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Ana M Valenzuela-Toro
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Erika S Zavaleta
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
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6
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Tanner KE, Moore-O'Leary KA, Parker IM, Pavlik BM, Haji S, Hernandez RR. Microhabitats associated with solar energy development alter demography of two desert annuals. Ecol Appl 2021. [PMID: 33817888 DOI: 10.7291/d1st01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Political and economic initiatives intended to increase energy production while reducing carbon emissions are driving demand for solar energy. Consequently, desert regions are now targeted for development of large-scale photovoltaic solar energy facilities. Where vegetation communities are left intact or restored within facilities, ground-mounted infrastructure may have negative impacts on desert-adapted plants because it creates novel rainfall runoff and shade conditions. We used experimental solar arrays in the Mojave Desert to test how these altered conditions affect population dynamics for a closely related pair of native annual plants: rare Eriophyllum mohavense and common E. wallacei. We estimated aboveground demographic rates (seedling emergence, survivorship, and fecundity) over 7 yr and used seed bank survival rates from a concurrent study to build matrix models of population growth in three experimental microhabitats. In drier years, shade tended to reduce survival of the common species, but increase survival of the rare species. In a wet year, runoff from panels tended to increase seed output for both species. Population growth projections from microhabitat-specific matrix models showed stronger effects of microhabitat under wetter conditions, and relatively little effect under dry conditions (lack of rainfall was an overwhelming constraint). Performance patterns across microhabitats in the wettest year differed between rare and common species. Projected growth of E. mohavense was substantially reduced in shade, mediated by negative effects on aboveground demographic rates. Hence, the rare species were more susceptible to negative effects of panel infrastructure in wet years that are critical to seed bank replenishment. Our results suggest that altered shade and water runoff regimes associated with energy infrastructure will have differential effects on demographic transitions across annual species and drive population-level processes that determine local abundance, resilience, and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Tanner
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, USA
| | - Kara A Moore-O'Leary
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Ingrid M Parker
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, USA
| | - Bruce M Pavlik
- Conservation Department, Red Butte Garden and Arboretum, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84108, USA
| | - Sophia Haji
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, USA
| | - Rebecca R Hernandez
- Department of Land, Air & Water Resources, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
- Wild Energy Initiative, John Muir Institute of the Environment, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
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Hernandez RR, Tanner KE, Haji S, Parker IM, Pavlik BM, Moore-O’Leary KA. Simulated Photovoltaic Solar Panels Alter the Seed Bank Survival of Two Desert Annual Plant Species. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1125. [PMID: 32878043 PMCID: PMC7570262 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Seed bank survival underpins plant population persistence but studies on seed bank trait-environment interactions are few. Changes in environmental conditions relevant to seed banks occur in desert ecosystems owing to solar energy development. We developed a conceptual model of seed bank survival to complement methodologies using in-situ seed bank packets. Using this framework, we quantified the seed bank survival of two closely related annual desert plant species, one rare (Eriophyllum mohavense) and one common (Eriophyllum wallacei), and the seed bank-environment interactions of these two species in the Mojave Desert within a system that emulates microhabitat variation associated with solar energy development. We tracked 4860 seeds buried across 540 seed packets and found, averaged across both species, that seed bank survival was 21% and 6% for the first and second growing seasons, respectively. After two growing seasons, the rare annual had a significantly greater seed bank survival (10%) than the common annual (2%). Seed bank survival across both species was significantly greater in shade (10%) microhabitats compared to runoff (5%) and control microhabitats (3%). Our study proffers insight into this early life-stage across rare and common congeners and their environmental interactions using a novel conceptual framework for seed bank survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R. Hernandez
- Department of Land, Air & Water Resources, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Wild Energy Initiative, John Muir Institute of the Environment, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Karen E. Tanner
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; (K.E.T.); (S.H.); (I.M.P.)
| | - Sophia Haji
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; (K.E.T.); (S.H.); (I.M.P.)
| | - Ingrid M. Parker
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; (K.E.T.); (S.H.); (I.M.P.)
| | - Bruce M. Pavlik
- Conservation Department, Red Butte Garden and Arboretum, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA;
| | - Kara A. Moore-O’Leary
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Southwest Region, 3020 State University Drive East, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA;
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Funk JL, Parker IM, Matzek V, Flory SL, Aschehoug ET, D’Antonio CM, Dawson W, Thomson DM, Valliere J. Keys to enhancing the value of invasion ecology research for management. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02267-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Tanner KE, Moore‐O'Leary KA, Parker IM, Pavlik BM, Hernandez RR. Simulated solar panels create altered microhabitats in desert landforms. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karen E. Tanner
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department University of California 1156 High Street Santa Cruz California 95064 USA
| | - Kara A. Moore‐O'Leary
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pacific Southwest Region 3020 State University Drive East Sacramento California 95819 USA
| | - Ingrid M. Parker
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department University of California 1156 High Street Santa Cruz California 95064 USA
| | - Bruce M. Pavlik
- Conservation Department Red Butte Garden and Arboretum University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah 84108 USA
| | - Rebecca R. Hernandez
- Department of Land, Air & Water Resources University of California One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 USA
- Wild Energy Initiative John Muir Institute of the Environment University of California One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 USA
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10
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Liang M, Liu X, Parker IM, Johnson D, Zheng Y, Luo S, Gilbert GS, Yu S. Soil microbes drive phylogenetic diversity-productivity relationships in a subtropical forest. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaax5088. [PMID: 31681847 PMCID: PMC6810308 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax5088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between plant diversity and productivity and the mechanisms underpinning that relationship remain poorly resolved in species-rich forests. We combined extensive field observations and experimental manipulations in a subtropical forest to test how species richness (SR) and phylogenetic diversity (PD) interact with putative root-associated pathogens and how these interactions mediate diversity-productivity relationships. We show that (i) both SR and PD were positively correlated with biomass for both adult trees and seedlings across multiple spatial scales, but productivity was best predicted by PD; (ii) significant positive relationships between PD and productivity were observed in nonsterile soil only; and (iii) root fungal diversity was positively correlated with plant PD and SR, while the relative abundance of putative pathogens was negatively related to plant PD. Our findings highlight the key role of soil pathogenic fungi in tree diversity-productivity relationships and suggest that increasing PD may counteract negative effects of plant-soil feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxia Liang
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xubing Liu
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Corresponding author. (S.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Ingrid M. Parker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843 Balboa, Panama
| | - David Johnson
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shan Luo
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Gregory S. Gilbert
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843 Balboa, Panama
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Shixiao Yu
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Corresponding author. (S.Y.); (X.L.)
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11
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Castro‐Díez P, Vaz AS, Silva JS, van Loo M, Alonso Á, Aponte C, Bayón Á, Bellingham PJ, Chiuffo MC, DiManno N, Julian K, Kandert S, La Porta N, Marchante H, Maule HG, Mayfield MM, Metcalfe D, Monteverdi MC, Núñez MA, Ostertag R, Parker IM, Peltzer DA, Potgieter LJ, Raymundo M, Rayome D, Reisman‐Berman O, Richardson DM, Roos RE, Saldaña A, Shackleton RT, Torres A, Trudgen M, Urban J, Vicente JR, Vilà M, Ylioja T, Zenni RD, Godoy O. Global effects of non-native tree species on multiple ecosystem services. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1477-1501. [PMID: 30974048 PMCID: PMC6850375 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-native tree (NNT) species have been transported worldwide to create or enhance services that are fundamental for human well-being, such as timber provision, erosion control or ornamental value; yet NNTs can also produce undesired effects, such as fire proneness or pollen allergenicity. Despite the variety of effects that NNTs have on multiple ecosystem services, a global quantitative assessment of their costs and benefits is still lacking. Such information is critical for decision-making, management and sustainable exploitation of NNTs. We present here a global assessment of NNT effects on the three main categories of ecosystem services, including regulating (RES), provisioning (PES) and cultural services (CES), and on an ecosystem disservice (EDS), i.e. pollen allergenicity. By searching the scientific literature, country forestry reports, and social media, we compiled a global data set of 1683 case studies from over 125 NNT species, covering 44 countries, all continents but Antarctica, and seven biomes. Using different meta-analysis techniques, we found that, while NNTs increase most RES (e.g. climate regulation, soil erosion control, fertility and formation), they decrease PES (e.g. NNTs contribute less than native trees to global timber provision). Also, they have different effects on CES (e.g. increase aesthetic values but decrease scientific interest), and no effect on the EDS considered. NNT effects on each ecosystem (dis)service showed a strong context dependency, varying across NNT types, biomes and socio-economic conditions. For instance, some RES are increased more by NNTs able to fix atmospheric nitrogen, and when the ecosystem is located in low-latitude biomes; some CES are increased more by NNTs in less-wealthy countries or in countries with higher gross domestic products. The effects of NNTs on several ecosystem (dis)services exhibited some synergies (e.g. among soil fertility, soil formation and climate regulation or between aesthetic values and pollen allergenicity), but also trade-offs (e.g. between fire regulation and soil erosion control). Our analyses provide a quantitative understanding of the complex synergies, trade-offs and context dependencies involved for the effects of NNTs that is essential for attaining a sustained provision of ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Castro‐Díez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de AlcaláE‐28805Alcalá de HenaresSpain
| | - Ana Sofia Vaz
- Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources (InBIO‐CIBIO)Universidade do PortoPT4485‐661VairãoPortugal
- Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade do PortoPT4169‐007PortoPortugal
| | - Joaquim S. Silva
- College of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra3045‐601CoimbraPortugal
- Centre for Applied Ecology “Prof. Baeta Neves” (InBIO‐CEABN), School of AgricultureUniversity of LisbonPT1349‐017LisbonPortugal
| | - Marcela van Loo
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of Vienna1030ViennaAustria
| | - Álvaro Alonso
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de AlcaláE‐28805Alcalá de HenaresSpain
| | - Cristina Aponte
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, Faculty of ScienceThe University of MelbourneRichmondVictoria3121Australia
| | - Álvaro Bayón
- Department of Integrative EcologyEstación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC)E‐41092SevillaSpain
| | | | - Mariana C. Chiuffo
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones, INIBIOMAUniversidad Nacional del Comahue, CONICETAvenida de los Pioneros 2350San Carlos de BarilocheRío NegroArgentina
| | - Nicole DiManno
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Hawai'i at HiloHiloHI96720U.S.A.
| | - Kahua Julian
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Hawai'i at HiloHiloHI96720U.S.A.
| | | | - Nicola La Porta
- IASMA Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach38010TrentoItaly
- MOUNTFOR Project Centre, European Forest Institute38010TrentoItaly
| | - Hélia Marchante
- College of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra3045‐601CoimbraPortugal
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Coimbra3000‐456CoimbraPortugal
| | | | - Margaret M. Mayfield
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological SciencesBrisbaneQueensland4072Australia
| | - Daniel Metcalfe
- CSIRO Land and Water, Ecosciences PrecinctDutton ParkQueensland4102Australia
| | | | - Martín A. Núñez
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones, INIBIOMAUniversidad Nacional del Comahue, CONICETAvenida de los Pioneros 2350San Carlos de BarilocheRío NegroArgentina
| | - Rebecca Ostertag
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Hawai'i at HiloHiloHI96720U.S.A.
| | - Ingrid M. Parker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCA95060U.S.A.
| | | | - Luke J. Potgieter
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityMatieland7602South Africa
| | - Maia Raymundo
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological SciencesBrisbaneQueensland4072Australia
| | - Donald Rayome
- USDA Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands ForestryHiloHIU.S.A.
| | - Orna Reisman‐Berman
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands. Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen Gurion University of the NegevBeersheba84990Israel
| | - David M. Richardson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityMatieland7602South Africa
| | - Ruben E. Roos
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource ManagementNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Asunción Saldaña
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de AlcaláE‐28805Alcalá de HenaresSpain
| | - Ross T. Shackleton
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityMatieland7602South Africa
| | - Agostina Torres
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones, INIBIOMAUniversidad Nacional del Comahue, CONICETAvenida de los Pioneros 2350San Carlos de BarilocheRío NegroArgentina
| | - Melinda Trudgen
- CSIRO Land & WaterWembleyWestern Australia6913Australia
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern Australia6009Australia
| | - Josef Urban
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in Brno613 00Brno‐severCzech Republic
- Siberian Federal University, KrasnoyarskKrasnoyarsk660041Russia
| | - Joana R. Vicente
- Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources (InBIO‐CIBIO)Universidade do PortoPT4485‐661VairãoPortugal
- Laboratory of Applied Ecology, CITAB – Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro‐Environment and Biological SciencesUniversity of Trás‐os‐Montes e Alto DouroVila RealPortugal
| | - Montserrat Vilà
- Department of Integrative EcologyEstación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC)E‐41092SevillaSpain
| | - Tiina Ylioja
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)FI‐00791HelsinkiFinland
| | - Rafael D. Zenni
- Setor de Ecologia, Departamento de BiologiaUniversidade Federal de LavrasLavrasMG37200‐000Brazil
| | - Oscar Godoy
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Cc. del Mar y AmbientalesInstituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar CEIMAR, Universidad de CádizE‐11510Puerto RealSpain
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Grove S, Saarman NP, Gilbert GS, Faircloth B, Haubensak KA, Parker IM. Ectomycorrhizas and tree seedling establishment are strongly influenced by forest edge proximity but not soil inoculum. Ecol Appl 2019; 29:e01867. [PMID: 30710404 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Reforestation is challenging when timber harvested areas have been degraded, invaded by nonnative species, or are of marginal suitability to begin with. Conifers form mutualistic partnerships with ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) to obtain greater access to soil resources, and these partnerships may be especially important in degraded areas. However, timber harvest can impact mycorrhizal fungi by removing or compacting topsoil, removing host plants, and warming and drying the soil. We used a field experiment to evaluate the role of EMF in Douglas-fir reforestation in clearcuts invaded by Cytisus scoparius (Scotch broom) where traditional reforestation approaches have repeatedly failed. We tested how planting distance from intact Douglas-fir forest edges influenced reforestation success and whether inoculation with forest soils can be used to restore EMF relationships. We used an Illumina DNA sequencing approach to measure the abundance, richness and composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi on Douglas-fir roots, and assessed differences in Douglas-fir seedling survival and growth near to and far from forest edges with and without forest soil inoculum. Planting Douglas-fir seedlings near forest edges increased seedling survival, growth, and EMF root colonization. Edge proximity had no effect on EMF richness but did change fungal community composition. Inoculations with forest soil did not increase EMF abundance or richness or change community composition, nor did it improve seedling establishment. With Illumina sequencing, we identified two to three times greater species richness than described in previous edge effects studies. Of the 95 EMF species we identified, 40% of the species occurred on less than 5% of the seedlings. The ability to detect fungi at low abundance may explain why we did not detect differences in EMF richness with distance to hosts as previous studies. Our findings suggest that forest edges are suitable for reforestation, even when the interiors of deforested areas are not. We advocate for timber harvest designs that maximize edge habitat where ectomycorrhizal fungi contribute to tree establishment. However, this study does not support the use of inoculation with forest soil as a simple method to enhance EMF and seedling survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Grove
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, USA
- Biological Sciences and Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011, USA
| | - Norah P Saarman
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511, USA
| | - Gregory S Gilbert
- Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, USA
| | - Brant Faircloth
- Department of Biological Sciences and Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
| | - Karen A Haubensak
- Biological Sciences and Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011, USA
| | - Ingrid M Parker
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, USA
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Goodell K, Parker IM. Invasion of a dominant floral resource: effects on the floral community and pollination of native plants. Ecology 2018; 98:57-69. [PMID: 28052387 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Through competition for pollinators, invasive plants may suppress native flora. Community-level studies provide an integrative assessment of invasion impacts and insights into factors that influence the vulnerability of different native species. We investigated effects of the nonnative herb Lythrum salicaria on pollination of native species in 14 fens of the eastern United States. We compared visitors per flower for 122 native plant species in invaded and uninvaded fens and incorporated a landscape-scale experiment, removing L. salicaria flowers from three of the invaded fens. Total flower densities were more than three times higher in invaded than uninvaded or removal sites when L. salicaria was blooming. Despite an increase in number of visitors with number of flowers per area, visitors per native flower declined with increasing numbers of flowers. Therefore, L. salicaria invasion depressed visitation to native flowers. In removal sites, visitation to native flowers was similar to uninvaded sites, confirming the observational results and also suggesting that invasion had not generated a persistent build-up of visitor populations. To study species-level impacts, we examined effects of invasion on visitors per flower for the 36 plant species flowering in both invaded and uninvaded fens. On average, the effect of invasion represented about a 20% reduction in visits per flower. We measured the influence of plant traits on vulnerability to L. salicaria invasion using meta-analysis. Bilaterally symmetrical flowers experienced stronger impacts on visitation, and similarity in flower color to L. salicaria weakly intensified competition with the invader for visitors. Finally, we assessed the reproductive consequences of competition with the invader in a dominant flowering shrub, Dasiphora fruticosa. Despite the negative effect of invasion on pollinator visitation in this species, pollen limitation of seed production was not stronger in invaded than in uninvaded sites, suggesting little impact of competition for pollinators on its population demography. Negative effects on pollination of native plants by this copiously flowering invader appeared to be mediated by increases in total flower density that were not matched by increases in pollinator density. The strength of impact was modulated across native species by their floral traits and reproductive ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Goodell
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Newark, Ohio, 43055, USA
| | - Ingrid M Parker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, USA
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Melen MK, Herman JA, Lucas J, O'Malley RE, Parker IM, Thom AM, Whittall JB. Reproductive success through high pollinator visitation rates despite self incompatibility in an endangered wallflower. Am J Bot 2016; 103:1979-1989. [PMID: 27864264 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1600193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Self incompatibility (SI) in rare plants presents a unique challenge-SI protects plants from inbreeding depression, but requires a sufficient number of mates and xenogamous pollination. Does SI persist in an endangered polyploid? Is pollinator visitation sufficient to ensure reproductive success? Is there evidence of inbreeding/outbreeding depression? We characterized the mating system, primary pollinators, pollen limitation, and inbreeding/outbreeding depression in Erysimum teretifolium to guide conservation efforts. METHODS We compared seed production following self pollination and within- and between-population crosses. Pollen tubes were visualized after self pollinations and between-population pollinations. Pollen limitation was tested in the field. Pollinator observations were quantified using digital video. Inbreeding/outbreeding depression was assessed in progeny from self and outcross pollinations at early and later developmental stages. KEY RESULTS Self-pollination reduced seed set by 6.5× and quadrupled reproductive failure compared with outcross pollination. Pollen tubes of some self pollinations were arrested at the stigmatic surface. Seed-set data indicated strong SI, and fruit-set data suggested partial SI. Pollinator diversity and visitation rates were high, and there was no evidence of pollen limitation. Inbreeding depression (δ) was weak for early developmental stages and strong for later developmental stages, with no evidence of outbreeding depression. CONCLUSIONS The rare hexaploid E. teretifolium is largely self incompatible and suffers from late-acting inbreeding depression. Reproductive success in natural populations was accomplished through high pollinator visitation rates consistent with a lack of pollen limitation. Future reproductive health for this species will require large population sizes with sufficient mates and a robust pollinator community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda K Melen
- Department of Environmental Studies, San Jose State University, One Washington Square, San Jose, California 95192 USA
| | - Julie A Herman
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California 95053 USA
| | - Jessica Lucas
- Southern Illinois University, 1125 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62902 USA
| | - Rachel E O'Malley
- Department of Environmental Studies, San Jose State University, One Washington Square, San Jose, California 95192 USA
| | - Ingrid M Parker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064 USA
| | - Aaron M Thom
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California 95053 USA
| | - Justen B Whittall
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California 95053 USA
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Young HS, Parker IM, Gilbert GS, Sofia Guerra A, Nunn CL. Introduced Species, Disease Ecology, and Biodiversity-Disease Relationships. Trends Ecol Evol 2016; 32:41-54. [PMID: 28029377 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Species introductions are a dominant component of biodiversity change but are not explicitly included in most discussions of biodiversity-disease relationships. This is a major oversight given the multitude of effects that introduced species have on both parasitism and native hosts. Drawing on both animal and plant systems, we review the competing mechanistic pathways by which biological introductions influence parasite diversity and prevalence. While some mechanisms - such as local changes in phylogenetic composition and global homogenization - have strong explanatory potential, the net effects of introduced species, especially at local scales, remain poorly understood. Integrative, community-scale studies that explicitly incorporate introduced species are needed to make effective predictions about the effects of realistic biodiversity change and conservation action on disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary S Young
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
| | - Ingrid M Parker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Gregory S Gilbert
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Ana Sofia Guerra
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Charles L Nunn
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Abstract
An explicit phylogenetic perspective provides useful tools for phytopathology and plant disease ecology because the traits of both plants and microbes are shaped by their evolutionary histories. We present brief primers on phylogenetic signal and the analytical tools of phylogenetic ecology. We review the literature and find abundant evidence of phylogenetic signal in pathogens and plants for most traits involved in disease interactions. Plant nonhost resistance mechanisms and pathogen housekeeping functions are conserved at deeper phylogenetic levels, whereas molecular traits associated with rapid coevolutionary dynamics are more labile at branch tips. Horizontal gene transfer disrupts the phylogenetic signal for some microbial traits. Emergent traits, such as host range and disease severity, show clear phylogenetic signals. Therefore pathogen spread and disease impact are influenced by the phylogenetic structure of host assemblages. Phylogenetically rare species escape disease pressure. Phylogenetic tools could be used to develop predictive tools for phytosanitary risk analysis and reduce disease pressure in multispecies cropping systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Gilbert
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064;
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panamá 0843-03092
| | - Ingrid M Parker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064;
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panamá 0843-03092
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Petersen JJ, Parker IM, Potter D. Domestication of the neotropical tree Chrysophyllum cainito from a geographically limited yet genetically diverse gene pool in Panama. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:539-53. [PMID: 25035796 PMCID: PMC4098135 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Species in the early stages of domestication, in which wild and cultivated forms co-occur, provide important opportunities to develop and test hypotheses about the origins of crop species. Chrysophyllum cainito (Sapotaceae), the star apple or caimito, is a semidomesticated tree widely cultivated for its edible fruits; it is known to be native to the neotropics, but its precise geographic origins have not been firmly established. Here, we report results of microsatellite marker analyses supporting the hypothesis that the center of domestication for caimito was the Isthmus of Panama, a region in which few crop species are believed to have originated, despite its importance as a crossroads for the dispersal of domesticated plants between North and South America. Our data suggest that caimito was domesticated in a geographically restricted area while incorporating a diverse gene pool. These results refute the generally accepted Antillean origin of caimito, as well as alternative hypotheses that the species was domesticated independently in the two areas or over a broad geographic range including both. Human-mediated dispersal from Panama to the north and east was accompanied by strong reductions in both genotypic and phenotypic diversity. Within Panama, cultivated and wild trees show little neutral genetic divergence, in contrast to striking phenotypic differentiation in fruit and seed traits. In addition to providing a rare example of data that support the hypothesis of a narrow geographic origin on the Isthmus of Panama for a now widespread cultivated plant species, this study is one of the first investigations of the origins of an edible species of the large pantropical family Sapotaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Petersen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616
| | - Ingrid M Parker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, California, 95064 ; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Apartado, 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Daniel Potter
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616
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Horn K, Parker IM, Malek W, Rodríguez-Echeverría S, Parker MA. Disparate origins ofBradyrhizobiumsymbionts for invasive populations ofCytisus scoparius(Leguminosae) in North America. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2014; 89:89-98. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Horn
- Department of Biological Sciences; State University of New York; Binghamton NY USA
| | - Ingrid M. Parker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California; Santa Cruz CA USA
| | - Wanda Malek
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology; Marie Curie-Sklodowska University; Lublin Poland
| | | | - Matthew A. Parker
- Department of Biological Sciences; State University of New York; Binghamton NY USA
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Petersen JJ, Parker IM, Potter D. Ten polymorphic microsatellite primers in the tropical tree caimito, Chrysophyllum cainito (Sapotaceae). Appl Plant Sci 2014; 2:apps1300079. [PMID: 25202603 PMCID: PMC4103607 DOI: 10.3732/apps.1300079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY We developed microsatellite primers for the tropical tree Chrysophyllum cainito (Sapotaceae) to determine the native range of the species, investigate the origin of cultivated populations, and examine the partitioning of genetic diversity in wild and cultivated populations. • METHODS AND RESULTS We developed 10 polymorphic primers from C. cainito genomic DNA libraries enriched for di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide repeat motifs. The loci amplified were polymorphic in samples collected from Jamaica and Panama. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 10 and three to 12, while observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.074 to 0.704 and 0.407 to 0.852 in Jamaica and Panama, respectively. • CONCLUSIONS The microsatellite primers will be useful in future population genetic studies as well as those aimed at understanding the geographic origin(s) of wild and cultivated populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J. Petersen
- Department of Plant Sciences, Mail Stop 3, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616 USA
| | - Ingrid M. Parker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064 USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Daniel Potter
- Department of Plant Sciences, Mail Stop 3, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616 USA
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Swope SM, Parker IM. Complex interactions among biocontrol agents, pollinators, and an invasive weed: a structural equation modeling approach. Ecol Appl 2012; 22:2122-34. [PMID: 23387114 DOI: 10.1890/12-0131.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Herbivores, seed predators, and pollinators can exert strong impacts on their host plants. They can also affect the strength of each other's impact by modifying traits in their shared host, producing super- or sub-additive outcomes. This phenomenon is especially relevant to biological control of invasive plants because most invaders are attacked by multiple agents. Unfortunately, complex interactions among agents are rarely studied. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to quantify the effect of two biocontrol agents and generalist pollinators on the invasive weed Centaurea solstitialis, and to identify and quantify the direct and indirect interaction pathways among them. The weevil Eustenopus villosus is both a bud herbivore and a predispersal seed predator; the fly Chaetorellia succinea is also a predispersal seed predator; Apis mellifera is the primary pollinator. We conducted this work at three sites spanning the longitudinal range of C. solstitialis in California (USA) from the coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains. SEM revealed that bud herbivory had the largest total effect on the weed's fecundity. The direct effect of bud herbivory on final seed set was 2-4 times larger in magnitude than the direct effect of seed predation by both agents combined. SEM also revealed important indirect interactions; by reducing the number of inflorescences plants produced, bud herbivory indirectly reduced the plant's attractiveness to ovipositing seed predators. This indirect, positive pathway reduced bud herbivory's direct negative effect by 11-25%. In the same way, bud herbivory also reduced pollinator visitation, although the magnitude of this pathway was relatively small. E. villosus oviposition deterred C. succinea oviposition, which is unfortunate because C. succinea is the more voracious of the seed predators. Finally, C. succinea oviposition indirectly deterred pollinator visitation, thereby enhancing its net effect on the plant. This study demonstrates the powerful insights that can be gained from the SEM approach in understanding the multiple direct and indirect interactions among agents and pollinators and their effects on an invasive weed. Such an approach may improve our ability to manage weeds with biocontrol agents by identifying pathways that could be exploited by future agents and minimizing the possibility of interference with established agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Swope
- USDA-ARS Great Basin Rangelands Research Unit, 920 Valley Road, Reno, Nevada 89512, USA.
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Drenovsky RE, Grewell BJ, D'Antonio CM, Funk JL, James JJ, Molinari N, Parker IM, Richards CL. A functional trait perspective on plant invasion. Ann Bot 2012; 110:141-53. [PMID: 22589328 PMCID: PMC3380596 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Global environmental change will affect non-native plant invasions, with profound potential impacts on native plant populations, communities and ecosystems. In this context, we review plant functional traits, particularly those that drive invader abundance (invasiveness) and impacts, as well as the integration of these traits across multiple ecological scales, and as a basis for restoration and management. SCOPE We review the concepts and terminology surrounding functional traits and how functional traits influence processes at the individual level. We explore how phenotypic plasticity may lead to rapid evolution of novel traits facilitating invasiveness in changing environments and then 'scale up' to evaluate the relative importance of demographic traits and their links to invasion rates. We then suggest a functional trait framework for assessing per capita effects and, ultimately, impacts of invasive plants on plant communities and ecosystems. Lastly, we focus on the role of functional trait-based approaches in invasive species management and restoration in the context of rapid, global environmental change. CONCLUSIONS To understand how the abundance and impacts of invasive plants will respond to rapid environmental changes it is essential to link trait-based responses of invaders to changes in community and ecosystem properties. To do so requires a comprehensive effort that considers dynamic environmental controls and a targeted approach to understand key functional traits driving both invader abundance and impacts. If we are to predict future invasions, manage those at hand and use restoration technology to mitigate invasive species impacts, future research must focus on functional traits that promote invasiveness and invader impacts under changing conditions, and integrate major factors driving invasions from individual to ecosystem levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Drenovsky
- Biology Department, John Carroll University, University Heights, OH 44118-4581, USA.
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22
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Petersen JJ, Parker IM, Potter D. Origins and close relatives of a semi-domesticated neotropical fruit tree: Chrysophyllum cainito (Sapotaceae). Am J Bot 2012; 99:585-604. [PMID: 22396333 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1100326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Understanding patterns and processes associated with domestication has implications for crop development and agricultural biodiversity conservation. Semi-domesticated crops provide excellent opportunities to examine the interplay of natural and anthropogenic influences on plant evolution. The domestication process has not been thoroughly examined in many tropical perennial crop species. Chrysophyllum cainito (Sapotaceae), the star apple or caimito, is a semi-domesticated species widely cultivated for its edible fruits. It is known to be native to the neotropics, but the precise geographic origins of wild and cultivated forms are unresolved. METHODS We used nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences to infer phylogenetic relationships among C. cainito and close relatives (section Chrysophyllum). We employed phylogeographic approaches using ITS and plastid sequence data to determine geographic origins and center(s) of domestication of caimito. KEY RESULTS ITS data suggest a close relationship between C. cainito and C. argenteum. Plastid haplotype networks reveal several haplotypes unique to individual taxa but fail to resolve distinct lineages for either C. cainito or C. argenteum. Caimito populations from northern Mesoamerica and the Antilles exhibit a subset of the genetic diversity found in southern Mesoamerica. In Panama, cultivated caimito retains high levels of the diversity seen in wild populations. CONCLUSIONS Chrysophyllum cainito is most closely related to a clade containing Central and South American C. argenteum, including subsp. panamense. We hypothesize that caimito is native to southern Mesoamerica and was domesticated from multiple wild populations in Panama. Subsequent migration into northern Mesoamerica and the Antilles was mediated by human cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Petersen
- Department of Plant Sciences, Mail Stop 2, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Swope
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.
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Parker IM, López I, Petersen JJ, Anaya N, Cubilla-Rios L, Potter D. Domestication Syndrome in Caimito (Chrysophyllum cainito L.): Fruit and Seed Characteristics. Econ Bot 2010; 64:161-175. [PMID: 20543881 PMCID: PMC2882042 DOI: 10.1007/s12231-010-9121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Domestication Syndrome in Caimito (Chrysophyllum cainitoL.): Fruit and Seed Characteristics: The process of domestication is understudied and poorly known for many tropical fruit tree crops. The star apple or caimito tree (Chrysophyllum cainito L., Sapotaceae) is cultivated throughout the New World tropics for its edible fruits. We studied this species in central Panama, where it grows wild in tropical moist forests and is also commonly cultivated in backyard gardens. Using fruits collected over two harvest seasons, we tested the hypothesis that cultivated individuals of C. cainito show distinctive fruit and seed characteristics associated with domestication relative to wild types. We found that cultivated fruits were significantly and substantially larger and allocated more to pulp and less to exocarp than wild fruits. The pulp of cultivated fruits was less acidic; also, the pulp had lower concentrations of phenolics and higher concentrations of sugar. The seeds were larger and more numerous and were less defended with phenolics in cultivated than in wild fruits. Discriminant Analysis showed that, among the many significant differences, fruit size and sugar concentration drove the great majority of the variance distinguishing wild from cultivated classes. Variance of pulp phenolics among individuals was significantly higher among wild trees than among cultivated trees, while variance of fruit mass and seed number was significantly higher among cultivated trees. Most traits showed strong correlations between years. Overall, we found a clear signature of a domestication syndrome in the fruits of cultivated caimito in Panama.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid M. Parker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Isis López
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gamboa, Panamá, República de Panamá
| | | | - Natalia Anaya
- Laboratorio de Bioorganica Tropical, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Luis Cubilla-Rios
- Laboratorio de Bioorganica Tropical, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Daniel Potter
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA USA
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Gilbert GS, Parker IM. Rapid evolution in a plant-pathogen interaction and the consequences for introduced host species. Evol Appl 2010; 3:144-56. [PMID: 25567915 PMCID: PMC3352484 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2009.00107.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant species introduced into new regions can both leave behind co-evolved pathogens and acquire new ones. Traits important to infection and virulence are subject to rapid evolutionary change in both plant and pathogen. Using Stemphylium solani, a native foliar necrotroph on clovers (Trifolium and Medicago) in California, USA, we explore how plant-fungal interactions may change in an invasion context. After four generations of experimental serial passage through multiple hosts, Stemphylium consistently showed increased infection rates but no consistent change in damage to the host. In a historical opportunity study, we compared infection and virulence across four groups of clover hosts: California natives, European clovers not found in California, and both California and European genotypes of species naturalized in California. There was significant variation among hosts, but no pattern across the four groups. However, in direct comparisons of familiar California genotypes to unfamiliar European genotypes of the same naturalized species, Stemphylium consistently infected familiar hosts more frequently, while causing less damage on them. This pattern is consistent with the hypothesis of adaptive evolution in both the pathogen (ability to infect) and the host (tolerance of infection). Together these results suggest the potential for rapid evolution to alter interactions between plant invaders and their natural enemies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Gilbert
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Ingrid M Parker
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, CA, USA
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Cuevas E, Parker IM, Molina-Freaner F. Variation in sex ratio, morph-specific reproductive ecology and an experimental test of frequency-dependence in the gynodioecious Kallstroemia grandiflora (Zygophyllaceae). J Evol Biol 2008; 21:1117-24. [PMID: 18462314 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01530.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An enduring puzzle in gynodioecious species is the great variation in female frequency seen among populations. We quantified sex ratio in 44 populations of gynodioecious Kallstroemia grandiflora. Then, we measured pollinator visitation, pollen deposition, autonomous selfing rate and pollen limitation of females. Finally, using experimental populations, we tested whether female fitness responds to the frequency of female plants. We found broad variability in sex ratio among populations (0-44% female). Hermaphrodite flowers received more pollinator visits and pollen grains than females, and bagged hermaphrodite flowers produced fruits. However, we found no evidence of pollen limitation in females. In experimental populations, female plants showed no evidence of frequency-dependent pollinator visitation, fruit set, seed set or total seed mass. These results do not support frequency-dependent variation in fitness as a major mechanism affecting female frequencies in K. grandiflora. Within the context of this study, pollinators are abundant and pollinator movement appears to operate at a large enough scale to overcome the potential reproductive disadvantages of producing solely female flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cuevas
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacan, México.
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Abstract
Porroca is a lethal disease of coconut (Cocos nucifera) emerging in Central America. Previously known only from Colombia, it has spread rapidly across the Isthmus of Panama in the last decade. Porroca is characterized by the production of stiff, dwarfed leaves, usually followed by the death of the palms within 2 years. We describe the long-distance spread of the disease as determined from regular censuses of more than 200,000 coconut palms in the indigenous Comarca of Kuna Yala and the Republic of Panama. Spread is temporally and spatially variable, with the disease moving across the landscape as much as 40 km per year. Porroca may represent a significant new threat to coconut production in the Caribbean Region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Gilbert
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, 95064
| | - Ingrid M Parker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 95064
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Abstract
Human-mediated species introductions offer opportunities to investigate when and how non-native species to adapt to novel environments, and whether evolution has the potential to contribute to colonization success. Many long-established introductions harbour high genetic diversity, raising the possibility that multiple introductions of genetic material catalyze adaptation and/or the evolution of invasiveness. Studies of nascent invasions are rare but crucial for understanding whether genetic diversity facilitates population expansion. We explore variation and evolution in founder populations of the invasive shrub Hypericum canariense. We find that these introductions have experienced large reductions in genetic diversity, but that increased growth and a latitudinal cline in flowering phenology have nevertheless evolved. These life history changes are consistent with predictions for invasive plants. Our results highlight the potential for even genetically depauperate founding populations to adapt and evolve invasive patters of spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina M Dlugosch
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
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Abstract
Invasive species are predicted to suffer from reductions in genetic diversity during founding events, reducing adaptive potential. Integrating evidence from two literature reviews and two case studies, we address the following questions: How much genetic diversity is lost in invasions? Do multiple introductions ameliorate this loss? Is there evidence for loss of diversity in quantitative traits? Do invaders that have experienced strong bottlenecks show adaptive evolution? How do multiple introductions influence adaptation on a landscape scale? We reviewed studies of 80 species of animals, plants, and fungi that quantified nuclear molecular diversity within introduced and source populations. Overall, there were significant losses of both allelic richness and heterozygosity in introduced populations, and large gains in diversity were rare. Evidence for multiple introductions was associated with increased diversity, and allelic variation appeared to increase over long timescales (~100 years), suggesting a role for gene flow in augmenting diversity over the long-term. We then reviewed the literature on quantitative trait diversity and found that broad-sense variation rarely declines in introductions, but direct comparisons of additive variance were lacking. Our studies of Hypericum canariense invasions illustrate how populations with diminished diversity may still evolve rapidly. Given the prevalence of genetic bottlenecks in successful invading populations and the potential for adaptive evolution in quantitative traits, we suggest that the disadvantages associated with founding events may have been overstated. However, our work on the successful invader Verbascum thapsus illustrates how multiple introductions may take time to commingle, instead persisting as a 'mosaic of maladaptation' where traits are not distributed in a pattern consistent with adaptation. We conclude that management limiting gene flow among introduced populations may reduce adaptive potential but is unlikely to prevent expansion or the evolution of novel invasive behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Dlugosch
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.
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Dlugosch KM, Parker IM. Molecular and quantitative trait variation across the native range of the invasive speciesHypericum canariense: evidence for ancient patterns of colonization via pre-adaptation? Mol Ecol 2007; 16:4269-83. [PMID: 17850270 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03508.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To understand the success of invasive species, it is important to know whether colonization events are facilitated by adaptive evolution or are limited to sites where a species is pre-adapted to thrive. Studies of the ancient colonization patterns of an invader in its native range provide an opportunity to examine its natural history of adaptation and colonization. This study uses molecular (internal transcribed spacer sequence and amplified fragment length polymorphism) and common garden approaches to assess the ancient patterns of establishment and quantitative trait evolution in the invasive shrub Hypericum canariense. This species has an unusually small and discrete native range in the Canary Islands. Our data reveal two genetic varieties with divergent life histories and different colonization patterns across the islands. Although molecular divergence within each variety is large (pairwise FST from 0.18 to 0.32 between islands) and nearly as great as divergence between them, life-history traits show striking uniformity within varieties. The discrepancy between molecular and life-history trait divergence points to the action of stabilizing selection within varieties and the influence of pre-adaptation on patterns of colonization. The colonization history of H. canariense reflects how the relationship between selective environments in founding and source populations can dictate establishment by particular lineages and their subsequent evolutionary stasis or change.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Dlugosch
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
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Abstract
An important question in the study of biological invasions is the degree to which successful invasion can be explained by release from control by natural enemies. Natural enemies dominate explanations of two alternate phenomena: that most introduced plants fail to establish viable populations (biotic resistance hypothesis) and that some introduced plants become noxious invaders (natural enemies hypothesis). We used a suite of 18 phylogenetically related native and nonnative clovers (Trifolium and Medicago) and the foliar pathogens and invertebrate herbivores that attack them to answer two questions. Do native species suffer greater attack by natural enemies relative to introduced species at the same site? Are some introduced species excluded from native plant communities because they are susceptible to local natural enemies? We address these questions using three lines of evidence: (1) the frequency of attack and composition of fungal pathogens and herbivores for each clover species in four years of common garden experiments, as well as susceptibility to inoculation with a common pathogen; (2) the degree of leaf damage suffered by each species in common garden experiments; and (3) fitness effects estimated using correlative approaches and pathogen removal experiments. Introduced species showed no evidence of escape from pathogens, being equivalent to native species as a group in terms of infection levels, susceptibility, disease prevalence, disease severity (with more severe damage on introduced species in one year), the influence of disease on mortality, and the effect of fungicide treatment on mortality and biomass. In contrast, invertebrate herbivores caused more damage on native species in two years, although the influence of herbivore attack on mortality did not differ between native and introduced species. Within introduced species, the predictions of the biotic resistance hypothesis were not supported: the most invasive species showed greater infection, greater prevalence and severity of disease, greater prevalence of herbivory, and greater effects of fungicide on biomass and were indistinguishable from noninvasive introduced species in all other respects. Therefore, although herbivores preferred native over introduced species, escape from pest pressure cannot be used to explain why some introduced clovers are common invaders in coastal prairie while others are not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid M Parker
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 1156 High Street, EEB/EMS, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.
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Morris WF, Hufbauer RA, Agrawal AA, Bever JD, Borowicz VA, Gilbert GS, Maron JL, Mitchell CE, Parker IM, Power AG, Torchin ME, Vázquez DP. DIRECT AND INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF ENEMIES AND MUTUALISTS ON PLANT PERFORMANCE: A META-ANALYSIS. Ecology 2007; 88:1021-9. [PMID: 17536717 DOI: 10.1890/06-0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Plants engage in multiple, simultaneous interactions with other species; some (enemies) reduce and others (mutualists) enhance plant performance. Moreover, effects of different species may not be independent of one another; for example, enemies may compete, reducing their negative impact on a plant. The magnitudes of positive and negative effects, as well as the frequency of interactive effects and whether they tend to enhance or depress plant performance, have never been comprehensively assessed across the many published studies on plant-enemy and plant-mutualist interactions. We performed a meta-analysis of experiments in which two enemies, two mutualists, or an enemy and a mutualist were manipulated factorially. Specifically, we performed a factorial meta-analysis using the log response ratio. We found that the magnitude of (negative) enemy effects was greater than that of (positive) mutualist effects in isolation, but in the presence of other species, the two effects were of comparable magnitude. Hence studies evaluating single-species effects of mutualists may underestimate the true effects found in natural settings, where multiple interactions are the norm and indirect effects are possible. Enemies did not on average influence the effects on plant performance of other enemies, nor did mutualists influence the effects of mutualists. However, these averages mask significant and large, but positive or negative, interactions in individual studies. In contrast, mutualists ameliorated the negative effects of enemies in a manner that benefited plants; this overall effect was driven by interactions between pathogens and belowground mutualists (bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi). The high frequency of significant interactive effects suggests a widespread potential for diffuse rather than pairwise coevolutionary interactions between plants and their enemies and mutualists. Pollinators and mycorrhizal fungi enhanced plant performance more than did bacterial mutualists. In the greenhouse (but not the field), pathogens reduced plant performance more than did herbivores, pathogens were more damaging to herbaceous than to woody plants, and herbivores were more damaging to crop than to non-crop plants (suggesting evolutionary change in plants or herbivores following crop domestication). We discuss how observed differences in effect size might be confounded with methodological differences among studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Morris
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0338, USA.
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Mitchell CE, Agrawal AA, Bever JD, Gilbert GS, Hufbauer RA, Klironomos JN, Maron JL, Morris WF, Parker IM, Power AG, Seabloom EW, Torchin ME, Vázquez DP. Biotic interactions and plant invasions. Ecol Lett 2006; 9:726-40. [PMID: 16706916 DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00908.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduced plant populations lose interactions with enemies, mutualists and competitors from their native ranges, and gain interactions with new species, under new abiotic conditions. From a biogeographical perspective, differences in the assemblage of interacting species, as well as in abiotic conditions, may explain the demographic success of the introduced plant populations relative to conspecifics in their native range. Within invaded communities, the new interactions and conditions experienced by the invader may influence both its demographic success and its effects on native biodiversity. Here, we examine indirect effects involving enemies, mutualists and competitors of introduced plants, and effects of abiotic conditions on biotic interactions. We then synthesize ideas building on Darwin's idea that the kinds of new interactions gained by an introduced population will depend on its relatedness to native populations. This yields a heuristic framework to explain how biotic interactions and abiotic conditions influence invader success. We conclude that species introductions generally alter plants' interactions with enemies, mutualists and competitors, and that there is increasing evidence that these altered interactions jointly influence the success of introduced populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Mitchell
- Department of Biology and Curriculum in Ecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid M. Parker
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064;
| | - Gregory S. Gilbert
- Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064;
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid M Parker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
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Abstract
All else being equal, the faster an invading species spreads, the more dangerous its invasion. The projection of spread rate therefore ought to be a central part of the determination of invasion risk. Originally formulated in the 1970s to describe the spatial spread of advantageous alleles, integrodifference equation (IDE) models have since been co-opted by population biologists to describe the spread of populations. More recently, they have been modified to include population structure and environmental variability. We review how IDE models are formulated, how they are parameterized, and how they can be analyzed to project spread rates and the sensitivity of those rates to changes in model parameters. For illustrative purposes, we apply these models to Cytisus scoparius, a large shrub in the legume family that is considered a noxious invasive species in eastern and western North America, Chile, Australia, and New Zealand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Neubert
- Biology Department, MS 34, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
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Bradley DJ, Gilbert GS, Parker IM. Susceptibility of clover species to fungal infection: the interaction of leaf surface traits and environment. Am J Bot 2003; 90:857-864. [PMID: 21659180 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.90.6.857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Many foliar pathogens require free water to germinate; therefore, disease pressure should favor plants that are able to repel water. For a suite of 18 sympatric clover species (Trifolium and Medicago, Fabaceae), we evaluated leaf traits affecting leaf wetness and susceptibility to infection by the fungal pathogen Stemphylium sp., causal agent of Stemphylium leaf spot. Spore germination increased with time in free water, and the relative susceptibility of host plants to infection was proportional to the duration of water retention on leaves. Larger leaves captured more water and retained it longer. Unexpectedly, trichomes and leaf wettability did not affect water capture. For clovers planted within natural clover populations at two sites, infection was threefold greater at the wetter site. At the drier site, water retention on the leaf surface was an important predictor of infection rates across host species, but persistent fog and dew at the wetter site reduced the importance of rapid leaf drying. Our results suggest that plant adaptations that reduce water retention on leaves may also reduce disease incidence, but the selective advantage of these traits will vary among habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon J Bradley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 1156 High St., Santa Cruz, California 95064 USA
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Parker IM, Haubensak KA. Comparative pollinator limitation of two non-native shrubs: do mutualisms influence invasions? Oecologia 2002; 130:250-258. [DOI: 10.1007/s004420100799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2000] [Accepted: 08/06/2001] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sakai AK, Allendorf FW, Holt JS, Lodge DM, Molofsky J, With KA, Baughman S, Cabin RJ, Cohen JE, Ellstrand NC, McCauley DE, O'Neil P, Parker IM, Thompson JN, Weller SG. The Population Biology of Invasive Species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2572] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann K. Sakai
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697; e-mail:
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812; e-mail:
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0124; e-mail:
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0369; e-mail:
- Department of Botany, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405; e-mail:
| | - Fred W. Allendorf
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697; e-mail:
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812; e-mail:
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0124; e-mail:
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0369; e-mail:
- Department of Botany, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405; e-mail:
| | - Jodie S. Holt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697; e-mail:
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812; e-mail:
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0124; e-mail:
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0369; e-mail:
- Department of Botany, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405; e-mail:
| | - David M. Lodge
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697; e-mail:
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812; e-mail:
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0124; e-mail:
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0369; e-mail:
- Department of Botany, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405; e-mail:
| | - Jane Molofsky
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697; e-mail:
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812; e-mail:
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0124; e-mail:
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0369; e-mail:
- Department of Botany, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405; e-mail:
| | - Kimberly A. With
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697; e-mail:
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812; e-mail:
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0124; e-mail:
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0369; e-mail:
- Department of Botany, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405; e-mail:
| | - Syndallas Baughman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697; e-mail:
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812; e-mail:
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0124; e-mail:
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0369; e-mail:
- Department of Botany, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405; e-mail:
| | - Robert J. Cabin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697; e-mail:
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812; e-mail:
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0124; e-mail:
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0369; e-mail:
- Department of Botany, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405; e-mail:
| | - Joel E. Cohen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697; e-mail:
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812; e-mail:
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0124; e-mail:
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0369; e-mail:
- Department of Botany, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405; e-mail:
| | - Norman C. Ellstrand
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697; e-mail:
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812; e-mail:
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0124; e-mail:
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0369; e-mail:
- Department of Botany, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405; e-mail:
| | - David E. McCauley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697; e-mail:
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812; e-mail:
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0124; e-mail:
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0369; e-mail:
- Department of Botany, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405; e-mail:
| | - Pamela O'Neil
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697; e-mail:
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812; e-mail:
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0124; e-mail:
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0369; e-mail:
- Department of Botany, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405; e-mail:
| | - Ingrid M. Parker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697; e-mail:
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812; e-mail:
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0124; e-mail:
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0369; e-mail:
- Department of Botany, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405; e-mail:
| | - John N. Thompson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697; e-mail:
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812; e-mail:
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0124; e-mail:
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0369; e-mail:
- Department of Botany, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405; e-mail:
| | - Stephen G. Weller
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697; e-mail:
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812; e-mail:
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0124; e-mail:
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0369; e-mail:
- Department of Botany, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405; e-mail:
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Schemske DW, Husband BC, Ruckelshaus MH, Goodwillie C, Parker IM, Bishop JG. Evaluating Approaches to the Conservation of Rare and Endangered Plants. Ecology 1994. [DOI: 10.2307/1941718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 700] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Parker IM, Mertens SK, Schemske DW. Distribution of Seven Native and Two Exotic Plants in a Tallgrass Prairie in Southeastern Wisconsin: The Importance of Human Disturbance. American Midland Naturalist 1993. [DOI: 10.2307/2426273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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