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Ahmad I, Gupta S, Faulkner P, Mullens D, Thomas M, Sytha SP, Ivanov I, Cai JJ, Heaps CL, Newell-Fugate AE. Single-nucleus transcriptomics of epicardial adipose tissue from female pigs reveals effects of exercise training on resident innate and adaptive immune cells. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:243. [PMID: 38671495 PMCID: PMC11046969 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01587-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death in women. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) secretes cytokines to modulate coronary artery function, and the release of fatty acids from EAT serves as a readily available energy source for cardiomyocytes. However, despite having beneficial functions, excessive amounts of EAT can cause the secretion of proinflammatory molecules that increase the instability of atherosclerotic plaques and contribute to CAD progression. Although exercise mitigates CAD, the mechanisms by which exercise impacts EAT are unknown. The Yucatan pig is an excellent translational model for the effects of exercise on cardiac function. Therefore, we sought to determine if chronic aerobic exercise promotes an anti-inflammatory microenvironment in EAT from female Yucatan pigs. METHODS Sexually mature, female Yucatan pigs (n = 7 total) were assigned to sedentary (Sed, n = 3) or exercise (Ex, n = 4) treatments, and coronary arteries were occluded (O) with an ameroid to mimic CAD or remained non-occluded (N). EAT was collected for bulk (n = 7 total) and single nucleus transcriptomic sequencing (n = 2 total, 1 per exercise treatment). RESULTS Based on the bulk transcriptomic analysis, exercise upregulated S100 family, G-protein coupled receptor, and CREB signaling in neurons canonical pathways in EAT. The top networks in EAT affected by exercise as measured by bulk RNA sequencing were SRC kinase family, fibroblast growth factor receptor, Jak-Stat, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Single nucleus transcriptomic analysis revealed that exercise increased the interaction between immune, endothelial, and mesenchymal cells in the insulin-like growth factor pathway and between endothelial and other cell types in the platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 pathway. Sub-clustering revealed nine cell types in EAT, with fibroblast and macrophage populations predominant in O-Ex EAT and T cell populations predominant in N-Ex EAT. Unlike the findings for exercise alone as a treatment, there were not increased interactions between endothelial and mesenchymal cells in O-Ex EAT. Coronary artery occlusion impacted the most genes in T cells and endothelial cells. Genes related to fatty acid metabolism were the most highly upregulated in non-immune cells from O-Ex EAT. Sub-clustering of endothelial cells revealed that N-Ex EAT separated from other treatments. CONCLUSIONS According to bulk transcriptomics, exercise upregulated pathways and networks related to growth factors and immune cell communication. Based on single nucleus transcriptomics, aerobic exercise increased cell-to-cell interaction amongst immune, mesenchymal, and endothelial cells in female EAT. Yet, exercise was minimally effective at reversing alterations in gene expression in endothelial and mesenchymal cells in EAT surrounding occluded arteries. These findings lay the foundation for future work focused on the impact of exercise on cell types in EAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Shreyan Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Patricia Faulkner
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Destiny Mullens
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Micah Thomas
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Sharanee P Sytha
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - James J Cai
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Cristine L Heaps
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Annie E Newell-Fugate
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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Trifonova I, Korsun N, Madzharova I, Velikov P, Alexsiev I, Grigorova L, Voleva S, Yordanova R, Ivanov I, Tcherveniakova T, Christova I. Prevalence and clinical impact of mono- and co-infections with endemic coronaviruses 229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU-1 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29258. [PMID: 38623185 PMCID: PMC11016702 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Endemic human coronaviruses (eHCoVs) are found worldwide and usually result in mild to moderate upper respiratory tract infections. They can lead to more severe illnesses such as croup, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia in vulnerable populations. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, information on HCoV prevalence and incidence and clinical impact of co-infections of HCoV with SARS-CoV-2 was lacking. Objectives Thus, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical significance of infections caused by eHCoVs during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bulgaria. Methods From January 2021 to December 2022, nasopharyngeal swabs of patients with acute upper or lower respiratory tract infections were tested for 17 respiratory viruses using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. The clinical data and laboratory parameters of patients infected with respiratory viruses were analysed. Results Of the 1375 patients screened, 24 (1.7 %) were positive for HCoVs, and 197 (14.3 %) were positive for eight other seasonal respiratory viruses. Five (0.7 %) of 740 patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 were co-infected with eHCoVs. Co-infected patients had a mean C-reactive protein level of 198.5 ± 2.12 mg/mL and a mean oxygen saturation of 82 ± 2.8 mmHg, while those in patients co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses were 61.8 mg/mL and 92.8 ± 4.6 mmHg, respectively (p < 0.05). Pneumonia was diagnosed in 63.3 % of patients with HCoV infection and 6 % of patients positive for other seasonal respiratory viruses (p < 0.05). Patients with SARS-CoV-2 mono-infection stayed in hospital for an average of 5.8 ± 3.7 days, whereas the average hospital stay of patients with eHCoV and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection was 9 ± 1.4 days (p < 0.05). Conclusion These findings indicate the low prevalence of eHCoVs and low co-infection rate between eHCoVs and SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bulgaria. Despite their low incidence, such mixed infections can cause severe signs that require oxygen therapy and longer hospital stays, underlining the need for targeted testing of severe COVID-19 cases to identify potential co-infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Trifonova
- National Laboratory “Influenza and ARD”, Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (NCIPD), Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - N. Korsun
- National Laboratory “Influenza and ARD”, Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (NCIPD), Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - I. Madzharova
- National Laboratory “Influenza and ARD”, Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (NCIPD), Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - P. Velikov
- Infectious Disease Hospital “Prof. Ivan Kirov”, Department for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - I. Alexsiev
- National Laboratory “Influenza and ARD”, Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (NCIPD), Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - L. Grigorova
- National Laboratory “Influenza and ARD”, Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (NCIPD), Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - S. Voleva
- Infectious Disease Hospital “Prof. Ivan Kirov”, Department for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - R. Yordanova
- Infectious Disease Hospital “Prof. Ivan Kirov”, Department for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - I. Ivanov
- Infectious Disease Hospital “Prof. Ivan Kirov”, Department for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - T. Tcherveniakova
- Infectious Disease Hospital “Prof. Ivan Kirov”, Department for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - I. Christova
- National Laboratory “Influenza and ARD”, Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (NCIPD), Sofia, Bulgaria
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Whitfield-Cargile CM, Chung HC, Coleman MC, Cohen ND, Chamoun-Emanuelli AM, Ivanov I, Goldsby JS, Davidson LA, Gaynanova I, Ni Y, Chapkin RS. Integrated analysis of gut metabolome, microbiome, and exfoliome data in an equine model of intestinal injury. Microbiome 2024; 12:74. [PMID: 38622632 PMCID: PMC11017594 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01785-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The equine gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome has been described in the context of various diseases. The observed changes, however, have not been linked to host function and therefore it remains unclear how specific changes in the microbiome alter cellular and molecular pathways within the GI tract. Further, non-invasive techniques to examine the host gene expression profile of the GI mucosa have been described in horses but not evaluated in response to interventions. Therefore, the objectives of our study were to (1) profile gene expression and metabolomic changes in an equine model of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced intestinal inflammation and (2) apply computational data integration methods to examine host-microbiota interactions. METHODS Twenty horses were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups (n = 10): control (placebo paste) or NSAID (phenylbutazone 4.4 mg/kg orally once daily for 9 days). Fecal samples were collected on days 0 and 10 and analyzed with respect to microbiota (16S rDNA gene sequencing), metabolomic (untargeted metabolites), and host exfoliated cell transcriptomic (exfoliome) changes. Data were analyzed and integrated using a variety of computational techniques, and underlying regulatory mechanisms were inferred from features that were commonly identified by all computational approaches. RESULTS Phenylbutazone induced alterations in the microbiota, metabolome, and host transcriptome. Data integration identified correlation of specific bacterial genera with expression of several genes and metabolites that were linked to oxidative stress. Concomitant microbiota and metabolite changes resulted in the initiation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response within the intestinal mucosa. CONCLUSIONS Results of integrative analysis identified an important role for oxidative stress, and subsequent cell signaling responses, in a large animal model of GI inflammation. The computational approaches for combining non-invasive platforms for unbiased assessment of host GI responses (e.g., exfoliomics) with metabolomic and microbiota changes have broad application for the field of gastroenterology. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Whitfield-Cargile
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - H C Chung
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts & Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Mathematics & Statistics Department, College of Science, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - M C Coleman
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - N D Cohen
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - A M Chamoun-Emanuelli
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - I Ivanov
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - J S Goldsby
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - L A Davidson
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - I Gaynanova
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts & Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Y Ni
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts & Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - R S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Korsun N, Trifonova I, Madzharova I, Alexiev I, Uzunova I, Ivanov I, Velikov P, Tcherveniakova T, Christova I. Resurgence of respiratory syncytial virus with dominance of RSV-B during the 2022-2023 season. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1376389. [PMID: 38628867 PMCID: PMC11019023 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1376389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and other respiratory viruses in Bulgaria, characterize the genetic diversity of RSV strains, and perform amino acid sequence analyses of RSV surface and internal proteins. Methods Clinical and epidemiological data and nasopharyngeal swabs were prospectively collected from patients with acute respiratory infections between October 2020 and May 2023. Real-time PCR for 13 respiratory viruses, whole-genome sequencing, phylogenetic, and amino acid analyses were performed. Results This study included three epidemic seasons (2020-2021, 2021-2022, and 2022-2023) from week 40 of the previous year to week 20 of the following year. Of the 3,047 patients examined, 1,813 (59.5%) tested positive for at least one viral respiratory pathogen. RSV was the second most detected virus (10.9%) after SARS-CoV-2 (22%). Coinfections between RSV and other respiratory viruses were detected in 68 cases, including 14 with SARS-CoV-2. After two seasons of low circulation, RSV activity increased significantly during the 2022-2023 season. The detection rates of RSV were 3.2, 6.6, and 13.7% in the first, second, and third seasons, respectively. RSV was the most common virus found in children under 5 years old with bronchiolitis (40%) and pneumonia (24.5%). RSV-B drove the 2022-2023 epidemic. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the sequenced RSV-B strains belonged to the GB5.0.5a and GB5.0.6a genotypes. Amino acid substitutions in the surface and internal proteins, including the F protein antigenic sites were identified compared to the BA prototype strain. Conclusion This study revealed a strong resurgence of RSV in the autumn of 2022 after the lifting of anti-COVID-19 measures, the leading role of RSV as a causative agent of serious respiratory illnesses in early childhood, and relatively low genetic diversity in circulating RSV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neli Korsun
- National Laboratory “Influenza and ARI”, Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivelina Trifonova
- National Laboratory “Influenza and ARI”, Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iveta Madzharova
- National Laboratory “Influenza and ARI”, Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivaylo Alexiev
- National Laboratory “Influenza and ARI”, Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petar Velikov
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Iva Christova
- National Laboratory “Influenza and ARI”, Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Nanev V, Milev H, Dimitrova D, Naneva S, Strashilov SA, Yordanov A, Mihailova M, Ivanova S, Karcheva M, Ivanov I. Evaluation of cleaved caspase-3 and Ki-67 index on diagnostic biopsy in response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the context of post-treatment tumour ypT stage, ypN stage, grade, and molecular subtype. Prz Menopauzalny 2024; 23:31-40. [PMID: 38690065 PMCID: PMC11056723 DOI: 10.5114/pm.2024.136962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Breast carcinoma is a heterogeneous disease, characterised by diverse clinical behaviour. The aim of this study was to assess how cleaved caspase-3 and Ki-67 index, evaluated on diagnostic biopsy, are related to response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the context of molecular subtype, post-treatment tumour, N category, and grade. Material and methods A retrospective analysis was carried out among 110 breast cancer patients. Ki-67 levels and caspase-3 expression on diagnostic biopsy were explored regarding their relation to tumour grade and molecular subtype, ypT, ypN categories, and T and N categories according to Sataloff tumour response evaluation. Results A statistically significant relationship was found between Ki-67 levels and tumour grade K-W = 24.2932, p < 0.0001; molecular subtype K-W = 28.5439, p < 0.00000967538; size and invasion of the primary tumour after neoadjuvant chemotherapy K-W = 11.7944, p < 0.0377169; caspase-3 expression after neoadjuvant therapy, evaluated according to the Sataloff classification χ2 = 5.97, df = 1, p = 0.0145. Discussion No significant difference was found between Ki-67 expression in patients with pathological complete response, compared to those with partial and no response, a statistically significant difference in cases with different molecular subtype, histology grade, and tumour stage after neoadjuvant therapy. Cleaved caspase-3-positive breast cancer cases are often better responders to neoadjuvant therapy, but with no significant correlation to molecular subtype, high-grade categories, or tumour stage. Conclusions The caspase-3 and Ki-67 index on diagnostic biopsy are related to post-neoadjuvant treatment prognostic factors (ypT stage, grade), proving them useful for prediction of treatment response to neoadjuvant therapy and further patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasil Nanev
- Medical University of Pleven, Pleven, Bulgaria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ivan Ivanov
- Medical University of Pleven, Pleven, Bulgaria
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Otrin N, Otrin L, Bednarz C, Träger TK, Hamdi F, Kastritis PL, Ivanov I, Sundmacher K. Protein-Rich Rafts in Hybrid Polymer/Lipid Giant Unilamellar Vesicles. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:778-791. [PMID: 38190609 PMCID: PMC10865357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Considerable attention has been dedicated to lipid rafts due to their importance in numerous cell functions such as membrane trafficking, polarization, and signaling. Next to studies in living cells, artificial micrometer-sized vesicles with a minimal set of components are established as a major tool to understand the phase separation dynamics and their intimate interplay with membrane proteins. In parallel, mixtures of phospholipids and certain amphiphilic polymers simultaneously offer an interface for proteins and mimic this segregation behavior, presenting a tangible synthetic alternative for fundamental studies and bottom-up design of cellular mimics. However, the simultaneous insertion of complex and sensitive membrane proteins is experimentally challenging and thus far has been largely limited to natural lipids. Here, we present the co-reconstitution of the proton pump bo3 oxidase and the proton consumer ATP synthase in hybrid polymer/lipid giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) via fusion/electroformation. Variations of the current method allow for tailored reconstitution protocols and control of the vesicle size. In particular, mixing of protein-free and protein-functionalized nanosized vesicles in the electroformation film results in larger GUVs, while separate reconstitution of the respiratory enzymes enables higher ATP synthesis rates. Furthermore, protein labeling provides a synthetic mechanism for phase separation and protein sequestration, mimicking lipid- and protein-mediated domain formation in nature. The latter means opens further possibilities for re-enacting phenomena like supercomplex assembly or symmetry breaking and enriches the toolbox of bottom-up synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Otrin
- Process
Systems Engineering, Max Planck Institute
for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lado Otrin
- Process
Systems Engineering, Max Planck Institute
for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Bednarz
- Process
Systems Engineering, Max Planck Institute
for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Toni K. Träger
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center HALOmem and Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Biozentrum, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Farzad Hamdi
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center HALOmem and Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Biozentrum, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Panagiotis L. Kastritis
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center HALOmem and Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Biozentrum, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
- Institute
of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research
Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Process
Systems Engineering, Max Planck Institute
for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Grup
de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Rambla Sant Nebridi 22, 08222 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Kai Sundmacher
- Process
Systems Engineering, Max Planck Institute
for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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Ivanov I, Cataldo M, Cocchiara A, Nguyen R. Vertebral Artery Dissection. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e255923. [PMID: 38195187 PMCID: PMC10806942 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-255923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Vertebral artery dissections are a rare pathology that carries a high risk of stroke in a younger population. They may be caused by minor mechanisms and the index of suspicion should be high. Treatment with anticoagulation or antiplatelets should follow if no surgical management is indicated.We describe a case of a female in her 30s who fell backward off a swing and rolled over her head and complained of continued posterior neck pain. The patient was found to have a vertebral artery dissection on MRI. The patient was then anticoagulated with high-dose apixaban and low-dose aspirin.The emergency medicine provider should be aware of possible low-impact mechanisms that can cause vertebral artery dissection and should have a high index of suspicion. If surgical management is not indicated, anticoagulation should be initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ivanov
- Emergency Department, New York City Health and Hospitals Coney Island, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Michael Cataldo
- Emergency Department, New York City Health and Hospitals Coney Island, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Alyssa Cocchiara
- Emergency Department, New York City Health and Hospitals Coney Island, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Rosalee Nguyen
- Emergency Department, New York City Health and Hospitals Coney Island, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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Velev V, Pavlova M, Alexandrova E, Popov М, Lutakov I, Tcherveniakova T, Angelova A, Hristozova E, Kalchev Y, Ivanov I. Study on patients with Clostridioides difficile infection during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bulgaria. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2023.2169194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valeri Velev
- University Hospital "Prof. Iv. Kirov”, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Pavlova
- Department of Microbiology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ekaterina Alexandrova
- Department of Microbiology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Мetodi Popov
- University Hospital "Prof. Iv. Kirov”, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Lutakov
- University Hospital "Queen Joanna - ISUL", Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Andreana Angelova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology “Prof. Dr. Elissay Yanev”, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Laboratory of Microbiology, “St. George” University Hospital, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Eli Hristozova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology “Prof. Dr. Elissay Yanev”, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Laboratory of Microbiology, “St. George” University Hospital, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Yordan Kalchev
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology “Prof. Dr. Elissay Yanev”, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Laboratory of Microbiology, “St. George” University Hospital, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- University Hospital "Prof. Iv. Kirov”, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Ivanov I, Ranchev S, Stoychev S. Experimental Ultrasound Approach for Studying Knee Intra-Articular Femur-Tibia Movements under Different Loads. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 9:8. [PMID: 38249085 PMCID: PMC10801608 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to develop an experimental model for the study of intra-articular knee movements depending on the function of the knee joint and involved muscle groups under isometric stretching conditions with different loads. The experimental procedure included an ultrasound examination of a knee joint after isometric stretching in healthy men (n = 32). The changes (in millimeters) in the distances between the femur and tibia were measured using an ultrasound sonographer at three stages. The first stage was performed on ten (n = 10) healthy men in five different sitting and upright positions. In the second and third experimental model stages, lower limbs loading was applied to 22 participants. Our hypothesis, which was confirmed, was that as a result of increased loads on the participant's back, an intra-articular decrease in the femur-tibia cartilage surface distance would be observed. The accuracy of the created experimental model was improved over its three stages from 30% to 9%. Quantitative model data can help to create a mathematical model of the mechanical effects during the deformation of knee joint bone cartilage and it can also help outline some future tasks: increasing loading weights, enlarging participant groups, performing comparisons of men and women, and performing comparisons of healthy and pathological individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ivanov
- National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, 1700 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Institute of Mechanics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Sergey Ranchev
- Institute of Mechanics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Stoyan Stoychev
- Institute of Mechanics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.R.); (S.S.)
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Dobreva L, Borisova D, Paunova-Krasteva T, Dimitrova PD, Hubenov V, Atanasova N, Ivanov I, Danova S. From Traditional Dairy Product "Katak" to Beneficial Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2847. [PMID: 38137991 PMCID: PMC10745348 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional milk products, widely consumed in many countries for centuries, have been drawing renewed attention in recent years as sources of bacteria with possible bioprotective properties. One such product for which only limited information exists is the traditional Bulgarian "katak". This fermented yogurt-like product, renowned for its taste and long-lasting properties, possesses specific sensory characteristics. In this study, 18 lactic acid bacteria (LABs) were isolated from artisanal samples made in the Northwest part of Bulgaria. A polyphasic taxonomic approach combining classical phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods, such as multiplex PCR, 16S rDNA sequencing, and MALDI-TOF MS, was applied, leading to the identification of 13 strains. The dominance of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum was confirmed. In vitro tests with the identified strains in model systems showed a promising broad strain-specific spectrum of activity against food-borne and human pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli). Non-purified Lactobacillus postbiotics, produced during fermentation in skimmed and soya milks and in MRS broth, were estimated as limiting agents of virulence factors. The LAB's production of lactate, acetate, and butyrate is a promising probiotic feature. A further characterization of the active strains and analysis of the purified post-metabolites are needed and are still in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Dobreva
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.D.); (D.B.); (T.P.-K.); (P.D.D.); (V.H.); (N.A.)
| | - Dayana Borisova
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.D.); (D.B.); (T.P.-K.); (P.D.D.); (V.H.); (N.A.)
| | - Tsvetelina Paunova-Krasteva
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.D.); (D.B.); (T.P.-K.); (P.D.D.); (V.H.); (N.A.)
| | - Petya D. Dimitrova
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.D.); (D.B.); (T.P.-K.); (P.D.D.); (V.H.); (N.A.)
| | - Venelin Hubenov
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.D.); (D.B.); (T.P.-K.); (P.D.D.); (V.H.); (N.A.)
| | - Nikoleta Atanasova
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.D.); (D.B.); (T.P.-K.); (P.D.D.); (V.H.); (N.A.)
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, bvd. “Yanko Sakazov” 26, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Svetla Danova
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.D.); (D.B.); (T.P.-K.); (P.D.D.); (V.H.); (N.A.)
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11
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Ahmad I, Gupta S, Faulkner P, Mullens D, Thomas M, Sytha SP, Ivanov I, Cai JJ, Heaps CL, Newell-Fugate AE. Single-nucleus transcriptomics of epicardial adipose tissue from females reveals exercise control of innate and adaptive immune cells. bioRxiv 2023:2023.11.02.565385. [PMID: 37961306 PMCID: PMC10635101 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.02.565385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death in women. Although exercise mitigates CAD, the mechanisms by which exercise impacts epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) are unknown. We hypothesized that exercise promotes an anti-inflammatory microenvironment in EAT from female pigs. Yucatan pigs (n=7) were assigned to sedentary (Sed) or exercise (Ex) treatments and coronary arteries were occluded (O) with an ameroid to mimic CAD or remained non-occluded (N). EAT was collected for bulk and single nucleus transcriptomic sequencing (snRNA-seq). Exercise upregulated G-protein coupled receptor, S100 family, and FAK pathways and downregulated the coagulation pathway. Exercise increased the interaction between immune, endothelial, and mesenchymal cells in the insulin-like growth factor pathway and between endothelial and other cell types in the platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 pathway. Sub-clustering revealed nine cell types in EAT with fibroblast and macrophage populations predominant in O-Ex EAT and T cell population predominant in N-Ex EAT. Coronary occlusion impacted the largest number of genes in T and endothelial cells. Genes related to fatty acid metabolism were the most highly upregulated in non-immune cells from O-Ex EAT. Sub-clustering of endothelial cells revealed that N-Ex EAT separated from other treatments. In conclusion, aerobic exercise increased interaction amongst immune and mesenchymal and endothelial cells in female EAT. Exercise was minimally effective at reversing alterations in gene expression in endothelial and mesenchymal cells in EAT surrounding occluded arteries. These findings lay the foundation for future work focused on the impact of exercise on cell types in EAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Shreyan Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Patricia Faulkner
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Destiny Mullens
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Micah Thomas
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Sharanee P. Sytha
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - James J. Cai
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Cristine L. Heaps
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Annie E. Newell-Fugate
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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12
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Lin YL, Yu L, Yan M, Zimmel K, Qureshi O, Imholt F, Li T, Ivanov I, Brunauer R, Dawson L, Muneoka K. Induced regeneration of articular cartilage - identification of a dormant regeneration program for a non-regenerative tissue. Development 2023; 150:dev201894. [PMID: 37882667 PMCID: PMC10651102 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
A mouse organoid culture model was developed to regenerate articular cartilage by sequential treatment with BMP2 and BMP9 (or GDF2) that parallels induced joint regeneration at digit amputation wounds in vivo. BMP9-induced chondrogenesis was used to identify clonal cell lines for articular chondrocyte and hypertrophic chondrocyte progenitor cells from digit fibroblasts. A protocol that includes cell aggregation enhanced by BMP2 followed by BMP9-induced chondrogenesis resulted in the differentiation of organized layers of articular chondrocytes, similar to the organization of middle and deep zones of articular cartilage in situ, and retained a differentiated phenotype following transplantation. In addition, the differentiation of a non-chondrogenic connective tissue layer containing articular chondrocyte progenitor cells demonstrated that progenitor cell sequestration is coupled with articular cartilage differentiation at a clonal level. The studies identify a dormant endogenous regenerative program for a non-regenerative tissue in which fibroblast-derived progenitor cells can be induced to initiate morphogenetic and differentiative programs that include progenitor cell sequestration. The identification of dormant regenerative programs in non-regenerative tissues such as articular cartilage represents a novel strategy that integrates regeneration biology with regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lieh Lin
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Mingquan Yan
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Katherine Zimmel
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Osama Qureshi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Felisha Imholt
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongli Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Regina Brunauer
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Lindsay Dawson
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ken Muneoka
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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13
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Parvanova B, Tacheva B, Ivanov I. Prehemolytic impact of phenothiazine drugs on the attachment of spectrin network in red blood cells. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2023; 65:783-787. [PMID: 38351761 DOI: 10.3897/folmed.65.e97410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chlorpromazine, thioridazine, and trifluoperazine are phenothiazine drugs that cause colloid-osmotic hemolysis of human erythrocytes by unknown mechanism. To clarify this mechanism, the impact of these drugs on the βsp (1.4 MHz) and γ1sp (9 MHz) dielectric relaxations was investigated. Each relaxation was shown to reduce its strength on the severing specific bridge that connects the spectrin network with the lipid membrane. For βsp relaxation, this is the spectrin-actin-glycophorin C bridge while for γ1sp relaxation this is the spectrin-ankyrin-band 3 bridge.
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14
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Roitershtein A, Rastegar R, Chapkin RS, Ivanov I. Extinction scenarios in evolutionary processes: a multinomial Wright-Fisher approach. J Math Biol 2023; 87:63. [PMID: 37751048 PMCID: PMC10586398 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-023-01993-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
We study a discrete-time multi-type Wright-Fisher population process. The mean-field dynamics of the stochastic process is induced by a general replicator difference equation. We prove several results regarding the asymptotic behavior of the model, focusing on the impact of the mean-field dynamics on it. One of the results is a limit theorem that describes sufficient conditions for an almost certain path to extinction, first eliminating the type which is the least fit at the mean-field equilibrium. The effect is explained by the metastability of the stochastic system, which under the conditions of the theorem spends almost all time before the extinction event in a neighborhood of the equilibrium. In addition to the limit theorems, we propose a maximization principle for a general deterministic replicator dynamics and study its implications for the stochastic model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Rastegar
- Occidental Petroleum Corporation, Houston, TX, 77046, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Department of Nutrition - Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A &M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A &M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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15
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Giovanetti M, Cella E, Ivanov I, Grigorova L, Stoikov I, Donchev D, Dimitrova R, Slavov SN, Mavian C, Fonseca V, Scarpa F, Borsetti A, Korsun N, Trifonova I, Dobrinov V, Kantardjiev T, Christova I, Ciccozzi M, Alexiev I. Genomic Epidemiology and Lineage Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in Bulgaria: Insights from a Three-Year Pandemic Analysis. Viruses 2023; 15:1924. [PMID: 37766330 PMCID: PMC10536935 DOI: 10.3390/v15091924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has brought about significant challenges worldwide. In this study, we present a comprehensive analysis of the genomic epidemiology and lineage dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in Bulgaria over a three-year period. Through extensive genomic sequencing and data analysis, we investigated the evolution of the virus, the emergence of variants of concern (VOCs), and their impact on the country's pandemic trajectory. We also assessed the relationship between viral diversity and COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in Bulgaria. Our findings shed light on the temporal and spatial distribution of SARS-CoV-2 lineages and provide crucial insights into the dynamics of the pandemic in the country. The interplay between international travel and viral transmission plays a significant role in the emergence and dissemination of different SARS-CoV-2 variants. The observed proportions of exportation to various continents provide insights into the potential pathways through which these lineages spread globally. Understanding the genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Bulgaria is essential for formulating targeted public health strategies, enhancing vaccination efforts, and effectively managing future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Giovanetti
- Instituto Rene Rachou Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-009, Brazil
- Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Climate Amplified Diseases and Epidemics (CLIMADE), Brazil
| | - Eleonora Cella
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (L.G.); (I.S.); (D.D.); (R.D.); (N.K.); (I.T.); (V.D.); (T.K.); (I.C.); (I.A.)
| | - Lyubomira Grigorova
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (L.G.); (I.S.); (D.D.); (R.D.); (N.K.); (I.T.); (V.D.); (T.K.); (I.C.); (I.A.)
| | - Ivan Stoikov
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (L.G.); (I.S.); (D.D.); (R.D.); (N.K.); (I.T.); (V.D.); (T.K.); (I.C.); (I.A.)
| | - Deyan Donchev
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (L.G.); (I.S.); (D.D.); (R.D.); (N.K.); (I.T.); (V.D.); (T.K.); (I.C.); (I.A.)
| | - Reneta Dimitrova
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (L.G.); (I.S.); (D.D.); (R.D.); (N.K.); (I.T.); (V.D.); (T.K.); (I.C.); (I.A.)
| | - Svetoslav Nanev Slavov
- Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05508-040, Brazil;
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14051-140, Brazil
| | - Carla Mavian
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Vagner Fonseca
- Department of Exact and Earth Sciences, University of the State of Bahia, Salvador 40285-001, Brazil;
- Coordenação de Vigilância, Preparação e Resposta à Emergências e Desastres (PHE), Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde/Organização Mundial da Saúde (OPAS/OMS), Brasilia 70312-970, Brazil
| | - Fabio Scarpa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Borsetti
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center (CNAIDS), National Institute of Health, 00118 Rome, Italy;
| | - Neli Korsun
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (L.G.); (I.S.); (D.D.); (R.D.); (N.K.); (I.T.); (V.D.); (T.K.); (I.C.); (I.A.)
| | - Ivelina Trifonova
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (L.G.); (I.S.); (D.D.); (R.D.); (N.K.); (I.T.); (V.D.); (T.K.); (I.C.); (I.A.)
| | - Veselin Dobrinov
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (L.G.); (I.S.); (D.D.); (R.D.); (N.K.); (I.T.); (V.D.); (T.K.); (I.C.); (I.A.)
| | - Todor Kantardjiev
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (L.G.); (I.S.); (D.D.); (R.D.); (N.K.); (I.T.); (V.D.); (T.K.); (I.C.); (I.A.)
| | - Iva Christova
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (L.G.); (I.S.); (D.D.); (R.D.); (N.K.); (I.T.); (V.D.); (T.K.); (I.C.); (I.A.)
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, Universita Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ivailo Alexiev
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (L.G.); (I.S.); (D.D.); (R.D.); (N.K.); (I.T.); (V.D.); (T.K.); (I.C.); (I.A.)
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16
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Alexiev I, Ivanov I, Giovanetti M, Cella E, Stoikov I, Donchev D, Grigorova L, Gancheva A, Dimitrova R, Scarpa F, Korsun N, Trifonova I, Dobrinov V, Kantardjiev T, Christova I, Ciccozzi M. Early Detection of the Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 XAN Variant in Bulgaria: Initial Genomic Insights into Yet Another Piece of the Growing Puzzle of Recombinant Clades. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2041. [PMID: 37630601 PMCID: PMC10457977 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The first recombinant SARS-CoV-2 variants were identified in 2022, causing public health concerns. The importance of recombinant variants has increased especially since the WHO designated the recombinant variant XBB and its lineages as subvariants that require monitoring on 20 November 2022. In this study, we provide the first insights into the new SARS-CoV-2 variant named XAN, a recombinant composed of Omicron sub-lineages BA.2 and BA.5. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 XAN variant identified in Bulgaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivailo Alexiev
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (I.S.); (D.D.); (L.G.); (A.G.); (R.D.); (N.K.); (I.T.); (V.D.); (T.K.); (I.C.)
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (I.S.); (D.D.); (L.G.); (A.G.); (R.D.); (N.K.); (I.T.); (V.D.); (T.K.); (I.C.)
| | - Marta Giovanetti
- Instituto Rene Rachou Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-009, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
- Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cella
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
| | - Ivan Stoikov
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (I.S.); (D.D.); (L.G.); (A.G.); (R.D.); (N.K.); (I.T.); (V.D.); (T.K.); (I.C.)
| | - Deyan Donchev
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (I.S.); (D.D.); (L.G.); (A.G.); (R.D.); (N.K.); (I.T.); (V.D.); (T.K.); (I.C.)
| | - Lyubomira Grigorova
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (I.S.); (D.D.); (L.G.); (A.G.); (R.D.); (N.K.); (I.T.); (V.D.); (T.K.); (I.C.)
| | - Anna Gancheva
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (I.S.); (D.D.); (L.G.); (A.G.); (R.D.); (N.K.); (I.T.); (V.D.); (T.K.); (I.C.)
| | - Reneta Dimitrova
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (I.S.); (D.D.); (L.G.); (A.G.); (R.D.); (N.K.); (I.T.); (V.D.); (T.K.); (I.C.)
| | - Fabio Scarpa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Neli Korsun
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (I.S.); (D.D.); (L.G.); (A.G.); (R.D.); (N.K.); (I.T.); (V.D.); (T.K.); (I.C.)
| | - Ivelina Trifonova
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (I.S.); (D.D.); (L.G.); (A.G.); (R.D.); (N.K.); (I.T.); (V.D.); (T.K.); (I.C.)
| | - Veselin Dobrinov
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (I.S.); (D.D.); (L.G.); (A.G.); (R.D.); (N.K.); (I.T.); (V.D.); (T.K.); (I.C.)
| | - Todor Kantardjiev
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (I.S.); (D.D.); (L.G.); (A.G.); (R.D.); (N.K.); (I.T.); (V.D.); (T.K.); (I.C.)
| | - Iva Christova
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (I.S.); (D.D.); (L.G.); (A.G.); (R.D.); (N.K.); (I.T.); (V.D.); (T.K.); (I.C.)
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy;
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17
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Coindreau O, Herranz L, Bocanegra R, Ederli S, Maccari P, Mascari F, Cherednichenko O, Iskra A, Groudev P, Vryashkova P, Petrova P, Kaliatka A, Vileiniškis V, Malicki M, Lind T, Kotsuba O, Ivanov I, Giannetti F, D'Onorio M, Ou P, Feiye L, Piluso P, Pontillon Y, Nudi M. Uncertainty quantification for a severe accident sequence in a SFP in the frame of the H-2020 project MUSA: First outcomes. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2023.109796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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18
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Panova M, Pacheva I, Gaberova K, Iordanova R, Sotkova I, Galabova F, Tartova D, Dimitrova-Popova D, Ivanov I. Cases of acute hemiparesis in childhood. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2023; 65:420-426. [PMID: 38351818 DOI: 10.3897/folmed.65.e81368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute hemiparesis is an emergency of various etiologies and possible fatal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ivan Ivanov
- Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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19
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Ivanov I, Skryshevsky V, Belarouci A. Engineering Porous Silicon-Based Microcavity for Chemical Sensing. ACS Omega 2023; 8:21265-21276. [PMID: 37332808 PMCID: PMC10268620 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
In this article, the authors theoretically and experimentally investigated ways to improve the efficiency of porous silicon (PS)-based optical microcavity sensors as a 1D/2D host matrix for electronic tongue/nose systems. The transfer matrix method was used to compute reflectance spectra of structures with different [nLnH] sets of low nL and high nH bilayer refractive indexes, the cavity position λc, and the number of bilayers Nbi. Sensor structures were prepared by electrochemically etching a silicon wafer. The kinetics of adsorption/desorption processes of ethanol-water-based solution was monitored in real time with a reflectivity probe-based setup. It was theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that the sensitivity of the microcavity sensor is higher for structures with refractive indexes in the lower range (and the corresponding porosity values in the upper range). The sensitivity is also improved for structures with the optical cavity mode (λc) adjusted toward longer wavelengths. The sensitivity of a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) with cavity increases for a structure with cavity position λc in the long wavelength region. The full width at half maximum (fwhmc) of the microcavity is smaller and the quality factor of microcavity (Qc) is higher for the DBR with a larger number of structure layers Nbi. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulated data. We believe that our results can help in developing rapid, sensitive, and reversible electronic tongue/nose sensing devices based on a PS host matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ivanov
- Taras
Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64 Volodymyrska, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine
| | - Valeriy Skryshevsky
- Taras
Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64 Volodymyrska, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine
| | - Ali Belarouci
- Univ
Lyon, ECL, INSA Lyon, CNRS, UCBL, CPE Lyon, INL, UMR5270, Ecully 69130, France
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20
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Shamanaev A, Litvak M, Ivanov I, Srivastava P, Sun MF, Dickeson SK, Kumar S, He TZ, Gailani D. Factor XII Structure-Function Relationships. Semin Thromb Hemost 2023:10.1055/s-0043-1769509. [PMID: 37276883 PMCID: PMC10696136 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1769509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Factor XII (FXII), the zymogen of the protease FXIIa, contributes to pathologic processes such as bradykinin-dependent angioedema and thrombosis through its capacity to convert the homologs prekallikrein and factor XI to the proteases plasma kallikrein and factor XIa. FXII activation and FXIIa activity are enhanced when the protein binds to a surface. Here, we review recent work on the structure and enzymology of FXII with an emphasis on how they relate to pathology. FXII is a homolog of pro-hepatocyte growth factor activator (pro-HGFA). We prepared a panel of FXII molecules in which individual domains were replaced with corresponding pro-HGFA domains and tested them in FXII activation and activity assays. When in fluid phase (not surface bound), FXII and prekallikrein undergo reciprocal activation. The FXII heavy chain restricts reciprocal activation, setting limits on the rate of this process. Pro-HGFA replacements for the FXII fibronectin type 2 or kringle domains markedly accelerate reciprocal activation, indicating disruption of the normal regulatory function of the heavy chain. Surface binding also enhances FXII activation and activity. This effect is lost if the FXII first epidermal growth factor (EGF1) domain is replaced with pro-HGFA EGF1. These results suggest that FXII circulates in blood in a "closed" form that is resistant to activation. Intramolecular interactions involving the fibronectin type 2 and kringle domains maintain the closed form. FXII binding to a surface through the EGF1 domain disrupts these interactions, resulting in an open conformation that facilitates FXII activation. These observations have implications for understanding FXII contributions to diseases such as hereditary angioedema and surface-triggered thrombosis, and for developing treatments for thrombo-inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Shamanaev
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Maxim Litvak
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Priyanka Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mao-Fu Sun
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - S. Kent Dickeson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tracey Z. He
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David Gailani
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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21
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Stankova M, Kamenski T, Ivanov I, Mihova P. Emotional and Behavioral Problems of Children with ASD-The Lessons That We Learned from the Pandemic. Children (Basel) 2023; 10:969. [PMID: 37371201 PMCID: PMC10297218 DOI: 10.3390/children10060969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The data available for changes in the behavior and emotional state of children with ASD (autism spectrum disorder) in lockdown situations are controversial and scarce. In our research, we compare results before the first COVID-19 lockdown of 21 children with ASD and 21 typically developing children, four to five years of age with those obtained immediately after. The study attempts to answer the question of whether there are changes in the levels of emotional and behavioral problems in children with ASD after the lockdown and how these new living conditions affect some aspects of their functioning. The instruments used for data analysis are the Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST); Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL); Survey on the consequences of COVID-19 on the life and development of the participants. No significant differences in the emotional and behavioral state of the participants were found, except for attention deficit/hyperactivity problems where ASD children showed lower levels after the lockdown. ASD group parents' answers to the survey pointed towards more positive consequences of staying at home. Some reported they had more time for learning together, communicating, playing, and assisting the learning process through online therapy. As negatives, the parents of ASD children reported low physical activity, increased time with electronic devices, and time spent with the same people. Caregivers of typically developing children agreed that the lockdown had only negative effects. To conclude, for children with ASD in the study, the lockdown period demonstrated that more time spent with parents in structured everyday activities is an opportunity that can lead to positive results in their behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Stankova
- Department of Health Care and Social Work, New Bulgarian University, 1618 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.K.); (P.M.)
| | - Tsveta Kamenski
- Department of Health Care and Social Work, New Bulgarian University, 1618 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.K.); (P.M.)
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Polina Mihova
- Department of Health Care and Social Work, New Bulgarian University, 1618 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.K.); (P.M.)
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22
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Shamanaev A, Dickeson SK, Ivanov I, Litvak M, Sun MF, Kumar S, Cheng Q, Srivastava P, He TZ, Gailani D. Mechanisms involved in hereditary angioedema with normal C1-inhibitor activity. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1146834. [PMID: 37288434 PMCID: PMC10242079 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1146834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with the inherited disorder hereditary angioedema (HAE) suffer from episodes of soft tissue swelling due to excessive bradykinin production. In most cases, dysregulation of the plasma kallikrein-kinin system due to deficiency of plasma C1 inhibitor is the underlying cause. However, at least 10% of HAE patients have normal plasma C1 inhibitor activity levels, indicating their syndrome is the result of other causes. Two mutations in plasma protease zymogens that appear causative for HAE with normal C1 inhibitor activity have been identified in multiple families. Both appear to alter protease activity in a gain-of-function manner. Lysine or arginine substitutions for threonine 309 in factor XII introduces a new protease cleavage site that results in formation of a truncated factor XII protein (Δ-factor XII) that accelerates kallikrein-kinin system activity. A glutamic acid substitution for lysine 311 in the fibrinolytic protein plasminogen creates a consensus binding site for lysine/arginine side chains. The plasmin form of the variant plasminogen cleaves plasma kininogens to release bradykinin directly, bypassing the kallikrein-kinin system. Here we review work on the mechanisms of action of the FXII-Lys/Arg309 and Plasminogen-Glu311 variants, and discuss the clinical implications of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Gailani
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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23
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Ivanov I, Weber E, Javorsky E. Fentanyl in an Infant: Taking Our Breath Away. Cureus 2023; 15:e39216. [PMID: 37378194 PMCID: PMC10292033 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric respiratory failure carries a wide differential diagnosis. Toxic ingestion should remain on the differential even at very young ages. There have been increasing reports of fentanyl overdoses among adults; however, this should be considered for accidental pediatric ingestion, especially considering its high potential for mortality. A nine-month-old female presented to the pediatric emergency department with respiratory failure. The patient was noted to be bradypneic with miotic pupils, and therefore, naloxone was given intravenously (IV) with a positive response. The patient required numerous boluses of intravenous naloxone, which ultimately saved her from intubation. The patient's laboratory results were later positive for fentanyl and cocaine. Fentanyl ingestion has a high mortality rate, especially in pediatrics. With increasing fentanyl use, there is a potential for exposure due to not only child abuse and intentional toxicity but also exploratory ingestions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ivanov
- Emergency Department, New York City (NYC) Health + Hospitals/South Brooklyn Health, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Emily Weber
- Pediatric Emergency Department, New York City (NYC) Health + Hospitals/South Brooklyn Health, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Eugene Javorsky
- Emergency Department, New York City (NYC) Health + Hospitals/South Brooklyn Health, Brooklyn, USA
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24
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Ivanov I, Livshits D, Sokup B, Frisby A, Patel N. Not Your Typical Thunderclap Headache. Cureus 2023; 15:e37955. [PMID: 37220465 PMCID: PMC10200343 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a young adult female who presented to the emergency department with headache and vomiting. After treatment with intravenous fluids, diphenhydramine and metoclopramide the headache completely resolved. Because of the patient's persistent symptoms and past medical history of systemic lupus erythematosus, a noncontrast head CT scan was done. In this case, the patient had a subarachnoid hemorrhage with edema and mass effect, detected on a noncontrast head CT scan. The patient required a nicardipine drip for blood pressure control. The patient recovered well and was discharged at her normal state of health. This case demonstrates the importance of maintaining high clinical suspicion for life-threatening emergencies even in patients with unremarkable physical exams who experience symptomatic improvement after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ivanov
- Emergency Medicine, New York City Health + Hospitals/South Brooklyn Health, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Dimitri Livshits
- Emergency Medicine, New York City Health + Hospitals/South Brooklyn Health, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Brenda Sokup
- Emergency Medicine, New York City Health + Hospitals/South Brooklyn Health, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Angela Frisby
- Emergency Medicine, New York City Health + Hospitals/South Brooklyn Health, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Nirav Patel
- Emergency Medicine, New York City Health + Hospitals/South Brooklyn Health, Brooklyn, USA
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25
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Kirschner SK, Ghane P, Park JK, Simbo SY, Ivanov I, Braga-Neto UM, Ten Have GAM, Thaden JJ, Engelen MPKJ, Deutz NEP. Short-chain fatty acid production in accessible and inaccessible body pools as assessed by novel stable tracer pulse approach is reduced by aging independent of presence of COPD. Metabolism 2023; 141:155399. [PMID: 36642114 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Production rates of the short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) acetate, propionate, and butyrate, which are beneficial metabolites of the intestinal microbiota, are difficult to measure in humans due to inaccessibility of the intestine to perform measurements, and the high first-pass metabolism of SCFAs in colonocytes and liver. We developed a stable tracer pulse approach to estimate SCFA whole-body production (WBP) in the accessible pool representing the systemic circulation and interstitial fluid. Compartmental modeling of plasma enrichment data allowed us to additionally calculate SCFA kinetics and pool sizes in the inaccessible pool likely representing the intestine with microbiota. We also studied the effects of aging and the presence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) on SCFA kinetics. METHODS In this observational study, we designed a two-compartmental model to determine SCFA kinetics in 31 young (20-29 y) and 71 older (55-87 y) adults, as well as in 33 clinically stable patients with moderate to very severe COPD (mean (SD) FEV1, 46.5 (16.2)% of predicted). Participants received in the fasted state a pulse containing stable tracers of acetate, propionate, and butyrate intravenously and blood was sampled four times over a 30 min period. We measured tracer-tracee ratios by GC-MS and used parameters obtained from two-exponential curve fitting to calculate non-compartmental SCFA WBP and perform compartmental analysis. Statistics were done by ANCOVA. RESULTS Acetate, propionate, and butyrate WBP and fluxes between the accessible and inaccessible pools were lower in older than young adults (all q < 0.0001). Moreover, older participants had lower acetate (q < 0.0001) and propionate (q = 0.019) production rates in the inaccessible pool as well as smaller sizes of the accessible and inaccessible acetate pools (both q < 0.0001) than young participants. WBP, compartmental SCFA kinetics, and pool sizes did not differ between COPD patients and older adults (all q > 0.05). Overall and independent of the group studied, calculated production rates in the inaccessible pool were on average 7 (acetate), 11 (propionate), and 16 (butyrate) times higher than non-compartmental WBP, and sizes of inaccessible pools were 24 (acetate), 31 (propionate), and 55 (butyrate) times higher than sizes of accessible pools (all p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Non-compartmental production measurements of SCFAs in the accessible pool (i.e. systemic circulation) substantially underestimate the SCFA production in the inaccessible pool, which likely represents the intestine with microbiota, as assessed by compartmental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Kirschner
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Parisa Ghane
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jaekwan K Park
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Sunday Y Simbo
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ulisses M Braga-Neto
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Gabriëlla A M Ten Have
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - John J Thaden
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Mariëlle P K J Engelen
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Nicolaas E P Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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26
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Cydylo M, Ivanov I, Chineme J. Sternoclavicular Septic Arthritis: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e38130. [PMID: 37252575 PMCID: PMC10212690 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a case of a 47-year-old male who presented with concerns for a "mass" on the right side of his chest and low-grade fevers for the last month. The patient was found to have an induration, erythema, and warmth at the right sternoclavicular joint, with tenderness to palpation and pain in the movement of the right arm. The patient was found to have septic arthritis of the sternoclavicular joint based on CT imaging. Sternoclavicular joint septic arthritis is a rare diagnosis and accounts for very few diagnosed septic joints. Most patients have some sort of risk factors, such as diabetes, immunosuppression, rheumatoid arthritis, or intravenous drug use. The most common pathogen is Staphylococcus aureus. Our patient did not consent to joint aspiration for a definitive diagnosis of the causative organism and was therefore empirically treated for S. aureus with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The patient also did not consent to any surgical management. Septic arthritis has been successfully treated with antibiotic therapy alone in the past, and in conjunction with the patient's choices, this was the treatment plan that was chosen for the patient. The patient responded to antibiotic therapy and followed up with a thoracic surgery clinic outpatient. This case depicts the importance of retaining a high index of suspicion for a rare diagnosis in the emergency department (ED). This case also depicts the successful treatment of sternoclavicular septic arthritis with outpatient oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been done previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Cydylo
- Emergency Department, New York City Health and Hospitals - South Brooklyn Health, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Emergency Department, New York City Health and Hospitals - South Brooklyn Health, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Jessica Chineme
- Emergency Department, New York City Health and Hospitals - South Brooklyn Health, Brooklyn, USA
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27
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Safe S, Han H, Jayaraman A, Davidson LA, Allred CD, Ivanov I, Yang Y, Cai JJ, Chapkin RS. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Signaling in Colonic Cells and Tumors. Receptors (Basel) 2023; 2:93-99. [PMID: 38651159 PMCID: PMC11034912 DOI: 10.3390/receptors2010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is overexpressed in many tumor types and exhibits tumor-specific tumor promoter and tumor suppressor-like activity. In colon cancer, most but not all studies suggest that the AhR exhibits tumor suppressor activity which is enhanced by AhR ligands acting as agonists. Our studies investigated the role of the AhR in colon tumorigenesis using wild-type and AhR-knockout mice, the inflammation model of colon tumorigenesis using mice treated with azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and APCS580/+; KrasG12D/+ mice all of which form intestinal tumors. The effects of tissue-specific AhR loss in the intestine of the tumor-forming mice on colonic stem cells, organoid-initiating capacity, colon tumor formation and mechanisms of AhR-mediated effects were investigated. Loss of AhR enhanced stem cell and tumor growth and in the AOM/DSS model AhR-dependent suppression of FOXM1 and downstream genes was important for AhR-dependent anticancer activity. Furthermore, the effectiveness of interleukin-22 (IL22) in colonic epithelial cells was also dependent on AhR expression. IL22 induced phosphorylation of STAT3, inhibited colonic organoid growth, promoted colonic cell proliferation in vivo and enhanced DNA repair in AOM/DSS-induced tumors. In this mouse model, the AhR suppressed SOCS3 expression and enhanced IL22-mediated activation of STAT3, whereas the loss of the AhR increased levels of SOCS3 which in turn inhibited IL22-induced STAT3 activation. In the APCS580/+; KrasG12D/+ mouse model, the loss of the AhR enhanced Wnt signaling and colon carcinogenesis. Results in both mouse models of colon carcinogenesis were complemented by single cell transcriptomics on colonic intestinal crypts which also showed that AhR deletion promoted expression of FOXM1-regulated genes in multiple colonic cell subtypes. These results support the role of the AhR as a tumor suppressor-like gene in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Huajun Han
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Laurie A. Davidson
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Clinton D. Allred
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Yongjian Yang
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - James J. Cai
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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28
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Kostadinova I, Totev V, Ivanov I. A Mathematical Model for Rationality in Timetable Planning. TEM Journal 2023. [DOI: 10.18421/tem121-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The preparation of a study timetable (or schedule) depends on the school or university for which it is made and on the specific work practices applied in this educational institution. The preparation of a school timetable in a school or university aims to plan for the conduct of classes in certain academic disciplines for a certain period of time, while optimally engaging the classrooms and professors available for the relevant period.
The aim of this paper is to provide a mathematical model for rationality in planning a study timetable. This mean to make forecast on whether the accepted number of students, organised in groups, could be instructed during defined period of time in the available classrooms in the educational institution. The developed model aims to make better use of available classrooms and places for students in them. Calculating a rationality ratio will give the educational institution an idea of the:
Need for more classrooms;
Need to extend the study period (number of days for the planned semester)
Need for more optimal planning of the study timetable and better use to the rooms.
The prepared model also includes a coefficient of specific rationality, in case the educational institution has classrooms of different capacities - for lectures and practical exercises.
The developed mathematical model can be useful to higher education institutions for the purpose of planning their educational activity and it can be applied before the actual process of planning a study schedule.
The data used and calculations results serve as the basis for an in-depth analysis related to the requirements for the educational process and the opportunities provided by the educational institution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasil Totev
- ULSIT, 119, Tzarigradsko shose blvd, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- ULSIT, 119, Tzarigradsko shose blvd, Sofia, Bulgaria
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29
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McLeod A, Wolf P, Chapkin RS, Davidson LA, Ivanov I, Berbaum M, Williams LR, Gaskins HR, Ridlon J, Sanchez-Flack J, Blumstein L, Schiffer L, Hamm A, Cares K, Antonic M, Bernabe BP, Fitzgibbon M, Tussing-Humphreys L. Design of the Building Research in CRC prevention (BRIDGE-CRC) trial: a 6-month, parallel group Mediterranean diet and weight loss randomized controlled lifestyle intervention targeting the bile acid-gut microbiome axis to reduce colorectal cancer risk among African American/Black adults with obesity. Trials 2023; 24:113. [PMID: 36793105 PMCID: PMC9930092 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07115-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among all racial/ethnic groups, people who identify as African American/Blacks have the second highest colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence in the USA. This disparity may exist because African American/Blacks, compared to other racial/ethnic groups, have a higher prevalence of risk factors for CRC, including obesity, low fiber consumption, and higher intakes of fat and animal protein. One unexplored, underlying mechanism of this relationship is the bile acid-gut microbiome axis. High saturated fat, low fiber diets, and obesity lead to increases in tumor promoting secondary bile acids. Diets high in fiber, such as a Mediterranean diet, and intentional weight loss may reduce CRC risk by modulating the bile acid-gut microbiome axis. The purpose of this study is to test the impact of a Mediterranean diet alone, weight loss alone, or both, compared to typical diet controls on the bile acid-gut microbiome axis and CRC risk factors among African American/Blacks with obesity. Because weight loss or a Mediterranean diet alone can reduce CRC risk, we hypothesize that weight loss plus a Mediterranean diet will reduce CRC risk the most. METHODS This randomized controlled lifestyle intervention will randomize 192 African American/Blacks with obesity, aged 45-75 years to one of four arms: Mediterranean diet, weight loss, weight loss plus Mediterranean diet, or typical diet controls, for 6 months (48 per arm). Data will be collected at baseline, mid-study, and study end. Primary outcomes include total circulating and fecal bile acids, taurine-conjugated bile acids, and deoxycholic acid. Secondary outcomes include body weight, body composition, dietary change, physical activity, metabolic risk, circulating cytokines, gut microbial community structure and composition, fecal short-chain fatty acids, and expression levels of genes from exfoliated intestinal cells linked to carcinogenesis. DISCUSSION This study will be the first randomized controlled trial to examine the effects of a Mediterranean diet, weight loss, or both on bile acid metabolism, the gut microbiome, and intestinal epithelial genes associated with carcinogenesis. This approach to CRC risk reduction may be especially important among African American/Blacks given their higher risk factor profile and increased CRC incidence. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04753359 . Registered on 15 February 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew McLeod
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL USA
| | - Patricia Wolf
- grid.169077.e0000 0004 1937 2197Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Department of Nutrition, Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, and Center for Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Laurie A. Davidson
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Department of Nutrition, Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, and Center for Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Department of Nutrition, Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, and Center for Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA ,grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, and Center for Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Michael Berbaum
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL USA
| | - Lauren R. Williams
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Mile Square Health Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - H. Rex Gaskins
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Jason Ridlon
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Jen Sanchez-Flack
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL USA ,grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA ,grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Lara Blumstein
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL USA
| | - Linda Schiffer
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL USA
| | - Alyshia Hamm
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Kate Cares
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Mirjana Antonic
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL USA
| | - Beatriz Penalver Bernabe
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Marian Fitzgibbon
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Lisa Tussing-Humphreys
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, USA. .,University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Boteva E, Doychev K, Tsekovska R, Handzhyski Y, Ivanov I, Mironova R. Protein Amadoriase Activity of the Escherichia coli K-12 Glycolytic Enzyme Phosphoglucose Isomerase. C R Acad Bulg Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.7546/crabs.2023.01.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The Maillard reaction (glycation) is a spontaneous non-enzymatic reaction between primary amines and carbonyl compounds, which affects proteins and DNA of both pro- and eukaryotes. In recent studies, we have shown that the glycolytic enzyme of Escherichia coli phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) catalyzes in vitro the deglycation of DNA modified with glucose 6-phosphate (G6P)-derived Amadori products (APs). APs are early products of the Maillard reaction, which are formed not only on DNA but also on other amines including proteins. The aim of the current study was to test the E. coli PGI for protein deglycation (amadoriase) activity. To this end, we used chicken lysozyme glycated with G6P as a model protein. Treatment of the glycated lysozyme with protein extract from an E. coli PGI proficient but not deficient strain resulted in the release of G6P, which was indicative of PGI protein amadoriase activity. G6P-derived APs represent fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) residues bound to free amino groups of the model protein and because of that we compared the kinetic constants of the E. coli PGI for the glycated lysozyme and for free F6P. PGI demonstrated nearly two times higher affinity to the glycated lysozyme (Km' = 0.06 mM) than to free F6P (Km' = 0.1 mM). However, the apparent catalytic constant of the enzyme with the glycated lysozyme (Kcat' = 93 s–1) was eight times lower than with F6P (Kcat' = 736 s–1). Future studies are expected to shed light on the physiological relevance of the PGI protein amadoriase activity we report here.
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Munk P, Brinch C, Møller FD, Petersen TN, Hendriksen RS, Seyfarth AM, Kjeldgaard JS, Svendsen CA, van Bunnik B, Berglund F, Larsson DGJ, Koopmans M, Woolhouse M, Aarestrup FM, Gibb K, Coventry K, Collignon P, Cassar S, Allerberger F, Begum A, Hossain ZZ, Worrell C, Vandenberg O, Pieters I, Victorien DT, Gutierrez ADS, Soria F, Grujić VR, Mazalica N, Rahube TO, Tagliati CA, Rodrigues D, Oliveira G, de Souza LCR, Ivanov I, Juste BI, Oumar T, Sopheak T, Vuthy Y, Ngandjio A, Nzouankeu A, Olivier ZAAJ, Yost CK, Kumar P, Brar SK, Tabo DA, Adell AD, Paredes-Osses E, Martinez MC, Cuadros-Orellana S, Ke C, Zheng H, Baisheng L, Lau LT, Chung T, Jiao X, Yu Y, JiaYong Z, Morales JFB, Valencia MF, Donado-Godoy P, Coulibaly KJ, Hrenovic J, Jergović M, Karpíšková R, Deogratias ZN, Elsborg B, Hansen LT, Jensen PE, Abouelnaga M, Salem MF, Koolmeister M, Legesse M, Eguale T, Heikinheimo A, Le Guyader S, Schaeffer J, Villacis JE, Sanneh B, Malania L, Nitsche A, Brinkmann A, Schubert S, Hesse S, Berendonk TU, Saba CKS, Mohammed J, Feglo PK, Banu RA, Kotzamanidis C, Lytras E, Lickes SA, Kocsis B, Solymosi N, Thorsteinsdottir TR, Hatha AM, Ballal M, Bangera SR, Fani F, Alebouyeh M, Morris D, O’Connor L, Cormican M, Moran-Gilad J, Battisti A, Diaconu EL, Corno G, Di Cesare A, Alba P, Hisatsune J, Yu L, Kuroda M, Sugai M, Kayama S, Shakenova Z, Kiiyukia C, Ng’eno E, Raka L, Jamil K, Fakhraldeen SA, Alaati T, Bērziņš A, Avsejenko J, Kokina K, Streikisa M, Bartkevics V, Matar GM, Daoud Z, Pereckienė A, Butrimaite-Ambrozeviciene C, Penny C, Bastaraud A, Rasolofoarison T, Collard JM, Samison LH, Andrianarivelo MR, Banda DL, Amin A, Rajandas H, Parimannan S, Spiteri D, Haber MV, Santchurn SJ, Vujacic A, Djurovic D, Bouchrif B, Karraouan B, Vubil DC, Pal P, Schmitt H, van Passel M, Jeunen GJ, Gemmell N, Chambers ST, Mendoza FP, Huete-Pιrez J, Vilchez S, Ahmed AO, Adisa IR, Odetokun IA, Fashae K, Sørgaard AM, Wester AL, Ryrfors P, Holmstad R, Mohsin M, Hasan R, Shakoor S, Gustafson NW, Schill CH, Rojas MLZ, Velasquez JE, Magtibay BB, Catangcatang K, Sibulo R, Yauce FC, Wasyl D, Manaia C, Rocha J, Martins J, Álvaro P, Di Yoong Wen D, Shin H, Hur HG, Yoon S, Bosevska G, Kochubovski M, Cojocaru R, Burduniuc O, Hong PY, Perry MR, Gassama A, Radosavljevic V, Tay MYF, Zuniga-Montanez R, Wuertz S, Gavačová D, Pastuchová K, Truska P, Trkov M, Keddy K, Esterhuyse K, Song MJ, Quintela-Baluja M, Lopez MG, Cerdà-Cuéllar M, Perera RRDP, Bandara NKBKRGW, Premasiri HI, Pathirage S, Charlemagne K, Rutgersson C, Norrgren L, Örn S, Boss R, Van der Heijden T, Hong YP, Kumburu HH, Mdegela RH, Hounmanou YMG, Chonsin K, Suthienkul O, Thamlikitkul V, de Roda Husman AM, Bidjada B, Njanpop-Lafourcade BM, Nikiema-Pessinaba SC, Levent B, Kurekci C, Ejobi F, Kalule JB, Thomsen J, Obaidi O, Jassim LM, Moore A, Leonard A, Graham DW, Bunce JT, Zhang L, Gaze WH, Lefor B, Capone D, Sozzi E, Brown J, Meschke JS, Sobsey MD, Davis M, Beck NK, Sukapanpatharam P, Truong P, Lilienthal R, Kang S, Wittum TE, Rigamonti N, Baklayan P, Van CD, Tran DMN, Do Phuc N, Kwenda G, Larsson DGJ, Koopmans M, Woolhouse M, Aarestrup FM. Author Correction: Genomic analysis of sewage from 101 countries reveals global landscape of antimicrobial resistance. Nat Commun 2023; 14:178. [PMID: 36635285 PMCID: PMC9837105 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35890-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Munk
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Brinch
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Frederik Duus Møller
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas N. Petersen
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rene S. Hendriksen
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne Mette Seyfarth
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jette S. Kjeldgaard
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christina Aaby Svendsen
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bram van Bunnik
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fanny Berglund
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - D. G. Joakim Larsson
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marion Koopmans
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Woolhouse
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Frank M. Aarestrup
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
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Ivanov I, Pacheva I, Yordanova R, Sotkova I, Galabova F, Gaberova K, Panova M, Gheneva I, Tsvetanova T, Noneva K, Dimitrova D, Markov S, Sapundzhiev N, Bichev S, Savov A. Hypomyelination with Atrophy of Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum (HABC) Due to UFM1 Mutation in Roma Patients - Severe Early Encephalopathy with Stridor and Severe Hearing and Visual Impairment. A Single Center Experience. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2023; 22:207-214. [PMID: 35189806 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220221100704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum (H-ABC) is a neurodegenerative disease with neurodevelopmental delay, motor, and speech regression, pronounced extrapyramidal syndrome, and sensory deficits due to TUBB4A mutation. In 2017, a severe variant was described in 16 Roma infants due to mutation in UFM1. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to expand the clinical manifestations of H-ABC due to UFM1 mutation and suggest clues for clinical diagnosis. METHODOLOGY Retrospective analysis of all 9 cases with H-ABC due to c.-273_-271delTCA mutation in UFM1 treated during 2013-2020 in a Neuropediatric Ward in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. RESULTS Presentation is no later than 2 months with inspiratory stridor, impaired sucking, swallowing, vision and hearing, and reduced active movements. By the age of 10 months, a monomorphic disease was observed: microcephaly (6/9), malnutrition (5/9), muscle hypertonia (9/9) and axial hypotonia (4/9), progressing to opisthotonus (6/9), dystonic posturing (5/9), nystagmoid ocular movements (6/9), epileptic seizures (4/9), non-epileptic spells (3/9). Dysphagia (7/9), inspiratory stridor (9/9), dyspnea (5/9), bradypnea (5/9), apnea (2/9) were major signs. Vision and hearing were never achieved or lost by 4-8 mo. Neurodevelopment was absent or minimal with subsequent regression after 2-5 mo. Brain imaging revealed cortical atrophy (7/9), atrophic ventricular dilatation (4/9), macrocisterna magna (5/9), reduced myelination (6/6), corpus callosum atrophy (3/6) and abnormal putamen and caput nuclei caudati. The age at death was between 8 and 18 mo. CONCLUSION Roma patients with severe encephalopathy in early infancy with stridor, opisthotonus, bradypnea, severe hearing and visual impairment should be tested for the Roma founder mutation of H-ABC in UFM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint George University Hospital, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Iliyana Pacheva
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint George University Hospital, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ralitsa Yordanova
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint George University Hospital, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Iglika Sotkova
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint George University Hospital, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Fani Galabova
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint George University Hospital, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Katerina Gaberova
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint George University Hospital, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Margarita Panova
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint George University Hospital, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ina Gheneva
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint George University Hospital, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetelina Tsvetanova
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint George University Hospital, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Katerina Noneva
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital "St. Marina", Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Diana Dimitrova
- Department of Radiology, Saint George University Hospital, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Stoyan Markov
- ENT Clinic, Saint George University Hospital, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Medical Faculty, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolay Sapundzhiev
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital "St. Marina", Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Stoyan Bichev
- National Genetic Laboratory, Maichin Dom University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexey Savov
- National Genetic Laboratory, Maichin Dom University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Ivanov I, Mlachkova A. Surgical treatment of endo-periodontal lesion - а case report. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2022; 64:985-990. [PMID: 36876551 DOI: 10.3897/folmed.64.e68427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The interrelationship between periodontium and pulp makes the treatment of combined endo-periodontal lesions (EPL) more challenging. It involves successful elimination of both periodontal and endodontic lesion. The current case report represents the efficacy of regenerative potential of enamel matrix derivates (Emdogain®) in endo-periodontal lesion after successful endodontic treatment. A 39-year-old woman presented with EPL on a left first mandibular molar. After the initial 3 months of healing, the clinical examination showed that the furcation involvement still prevailed. A decision was made to use a regenerative procedure using Emdogain®. Fourteen months after the procedure, full periodontal regeneration can be seen on the X-ray. The results demonstrated the synergetic effect of the endodontic and periodontal therapy that changed the prognosis for the tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ivanov
- Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Velev V, Pavlova M, Alexandrova E, Ivanov I, Popov M. Campylobacter infection in children and adults in Bulgaria: comparative characteristics and antimicrobial resistance. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2072766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valeri Velev
- Hospital for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases ‘Prof. Iv. Kirov’, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Pavlova
- Laboratory of Enteric Infections, Pathogenic Cocci and Diphtheria, Department of Microbiology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (NCIPD), Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ekaterina Alexandrova
- Laboratory of Enteric Infections, Pathogenic Cocci and Diphtheria, Department of Microbiology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (NCIPD), Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Hospital for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases ‘Prof. Iv. Kirov’, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Metodi Popov
- Hospital for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases ‘Prof. Iv. Kirov’, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Mazurin M, Shelestova A, Tsvetkov D, Sereda V, Ivanov I, Malyshkin D, Zuev A. Thermochemical Study of CH 3NH 3Pb(Cl 1-xBr x) 3 Solid Solutions. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:7675. [PMID: 36363267 PMCID: PMC9657867 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite halides, and, in particular, their mixed halide solid solutions, belong to a broad class of materials which appear promising for a wide range of potential applications in various optoelectronic devices. However, these materials are notorious for their stability issues, including their sensitivity to atmospheric oxygen and moisture as well as phase separation under illumination. The thermodynamic properties, such as enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy of mixing, of perovskite halide solid solutions are strongly required to shed some light on their stability. Herein, we report the results of an experimental thermochemical study of the CH3NH3Pb(Cl1-xBrx)3 mixed halides by solution calorimetry. Combining these results with molecular dynamics simulation revealed the complex and irregular shape of the compositional dependence of the mixing enthalpy to be the result of a complex interplay between the local lattice strain, hydrogen bonds, and energetics of these solid solutions.
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Mlachkova A, Dosseva-Panova V, Ivanov I, Parvanov D, Maynalovska H. APPLICATION OF PLATELET RICH FIBRIN IN SURGICAL PERIODONTAL THERAPY: A CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL. JofIMAB 2022. [DOI: 10.5272/jimab.2022284.4634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The current study investigates the effectiveness of two surgical protocols for the treatment of periodontitis (Stage III or Stage IV) in the presence of angular bone defects. Materials and methods: Twenty patients diagnosed with periodontitis were randomly divided into two groups, each of 10 patients with radiographically proven infraosseous defects. The first group delivered surgical treatment with bone graft and platelet rich fibrin, the second group – only with bone graft. Clinical and radiographic parameters were assessed before and 6 months after the surgical procedure. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between both groups in the following parameters: probing pocket depth, clinical attachment gain, bone filling, and radiographic depth of the bone defect before and after periodontal surgery, described as bone filling in millimeters. Conclusion: The results show platelet rich fibrin as an autogenous material with promising potential. Its additional application to bone replacement materials can improve the clinical parameters and the expected filling of the vertical bone defects.
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Gevezova M, Minchev D, Pacheva I, Todorova T, Yordanova R, Timova E, Ivanov I, Sarafian V. Association of NGF and Mitochondrial Respiration with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911917. [PMID: 36233217 PMCID: PMC9569874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: NGF is a molecule with a pleiotropic role, affecting neuro-immune functions, energy homeostasis, and synaptic plasticity. The mechanisms of NGF-induced neuronal differentiation are well established, but its effect on mitochondria in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is still unclear. We hypothesize that NGF-induced neuronal development requires large amounts of energy, and mitochondria in ASD are overloaded to meet the new functional requirements. Method: The study includes primary diagnosed ASD children. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma were obtained from both patients and typically developing children (TDC). PBMCs were analyzed with Seahorse XFp, and plasma NGF protein levels were measured. Results: We detected nearly 50% higher NGF levels and approximately 40% elevation in spare respiratory capacity in ASD compared to TDC. These findings are consistent with the observed difference in maximal respiration, which was also significantly higher in the patient group. Both mitochondrial respiration and NGF plasma levels exhibit a strong potential to discriminate children with ASD from TDC. Conclusions: This study is the first to link elevated NGF with mitochondrial respiration and altered energy homeostasis in ASD. High NGF correlates with basic bioenergetic signatures that may be used as a screening tool to improve early diagnosis and clinical follow-up in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gevezova
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 15 A Vasil Aprilov Blvd, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Danail Minchev
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 15 A Vasil Aprilov Blvd, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Iliana Pacheva
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Pediatrics, St. George University Hospital, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tatyana Todorova
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 15 A Vasil Aprilov Blvd, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ralitsa Yordanova
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Pediatrics, St. George University Hospital, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Elena Timova
- Clinic of Pediatrics, St. George University Hospital, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Pediatrics, St. George University Hospital, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Victoria Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 15 A Vasil Aprilov Blvd, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +882-512-952
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Singla A, Simbassa SB, Chirra B, Gairola A, Southerland MR, Shah KN, Rose RE, Chen Q, Basharat A, Baeza J, Raina R, Chapman MJ, Hassan AM, Ivanov I, Sen A, Wu HJ, Cannon CL. Hetero-Multivalent Targeted Liposomal Drug Delivery to Treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:40724-40737. [PMID: 36018830 PMCID: PMC9480101 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the leading nosocomial and community-acquired pathogen causing a plethora of acute and chronic infections. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has designated multidrug-resistant isolates of P. aeruginosa as a serious threat. A novel delivery vehicle capable of specifically targeting P. aeruginosa, and encapsulating antimicrobials, may address the challenges associated with these infections. We have developed hetero-multivalent targeted liposomes functionalized with host cell glycans to increase the delivery of antibiotics to the site of infection. Previously, we have demonstrated that compared with monovalent liposomes, these hetero-multivalent liposomes bind with higher affinity to P. aeruginosa. Here, compared with nontargeted liposomes, we have shown that greater numbers of targeted liposomes are found in the circulation, as well as at the site of P. aeruginosa (PAO1) infection in the thighs of CD-1 mice. No significant difference was found in the uptake of targeted, nontargeted, and PEGylated liposomes by J774.A1 macrophages. Ciprofloxacin-loaded liposomes were formulated and characterized for size, encapsulation, loading, and drug release. In vitro antimicrobial efficacy was assessed using CLSI broth microdilution assays and time-kill kinetics. Lastly, PAO1-inoculated mice treated with ciprofloxacin-loaded, hetero-multivalent targeted liposomes survived longer than mice treated with ciprofloxacin-loaded, monovalent targeted, or nontargeted liposomes and free ciprofloxacin. Thus, liposomes functionalized with host cell glycans target P. aeruginosa resulting in increased retention of the liposomes in the circulation, accumulation at the site of infection, and increased survival time in a mouse surgical site infection model. Consequently, this formulation strategy may improve outcomes in patients infected with P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshi Singla
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Sabona B. Simbassa
- Department
of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan Texas 77807, United States
| | - Bhagath Chirra
- Department
of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan Texas 77807, United States
| | - Anirudh Gairola
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Marie R. Southerland
- Department
of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan Texas 77807, United States
| | - Kush N. Shah
- Department
of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan Texas 77807, United States
| | - Robert E. Rose
- Comparative
Medicine Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Qingquan Chen
- Department
of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan Texas 77807, United States
| | - Ahmed Basharat
- Department
of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan Texas 77807, United States
| | - Jaime Baeza
- Department
of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan Texas 77807, United States
| | - Rohit Raina
- Department
of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan Texas 77807, United States
| | - Morgan J. Chapman
- Department
of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan Texas 77807, United States
| | - Adel M. Hassan
- Department
of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan Texas 77807, United States
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department
of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Anindito Sen
- Microscopy
and Imaging Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Hung-Jen Wu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Carolyn L. Cannon
- Department
of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan Texas 77807, United States
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Nanev V, Naneva S, Yordanov A, Strashilov S, Konsoulova A, Vasileva-Slaveva M, Betova T, Ivanov I. Lymphoepithelioma-like Carcinoma of the Breast Synchronous with a High-Grade Invasive Ductal Carcinoma and Ductal Carcinoma in Situ in a Different Quadrant of the Same Breast: A Case Report. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58091146. [PMID: 36143823 PMCID: PMC9505786 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58091146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphoepithelioma-like breast carcinoma (LELC) is a rare type of malignant breast tumor that is not included in the current edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of breast tumors. Currently, there are no clearly defined therapeutic strategies, and the general information on breast LELC is based on sporadic clinical cases described in the medical literature. We present a clinical case that describes a 49-year-old woman with a tumor formation in the right breast, histologically verified as LELC, together with a non-palpable, synchronous high-grade invasive ductal carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ Grade 2 (DCIS G2) in a different quadrant of the same breast. To our knowledge, this is the first case described in the literature that combines a LELC with a synchronous carcinoma in the same breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasil Nanev
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Dr. Georgi Stranski University Hospital, Medical University—Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Silvia Naneva
- Hematology Clinic, Dr. Georgi Stranski University Hospital, Medical University—Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Angel Yordanov
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Medical University—Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
- Correspondence:
| | - Strahil Strashilov
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Dr. Georgi Stranski University Hospital, Medical University—Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Assia Konsoulova
- USHATO—Sofia National University Cancer Hospital, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Women for Oncology, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Disciplines, Faculty of Social Health and Healthcare, University Prof. A. Zlatarov, 8000 Burgas, Bulgaria
| | - Mariela Vasileva-Slaveva
- Department of Breast surgery, Shterev Hospital, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University—Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Tatyana Betova
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Dr. Georgi Stranski University Hospital, Medical University—Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Dr. Georgi Stranski University Hospital, Medical University—Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
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Alexiev I, Giovanetti M, Cella E, Ivanov I, Stoikov I, Donchev D, Grigorova L, Gancheva A, Dimitrova R, Korsun N, Trifonova I, Philipova I, Dobrinov V, Grigorova I, Kantardjiev T, Christova I, Ciccozzi M. Initial introduction and spread of the SARS-CoV-2 AY.4.2.1 Delta variant in Bulgaria, a genomic insight. J Med Virol 2022; 94:6060-6064. [PMID: 35902787 PMCID: PMC9353378 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants carrying mutations in the spike protein raises concerns about the possibility of accelerated transmission in the ever-evolving COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. AY.4.2, a sublineage of the Delta variant, was considered a variant under investigation (VUI) and also gained the nickname "Delta Plus," due to its extra mutations, Y145H and A222V. In this study, using genomic epidemiology, we provide the first insights into the introduction of AY.4.2 in Bulgaria and the AY.4.2.1 sublineage that found larger dissemination only in Bulgaria and the United Kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivailo Alexiev
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic DiseasesSofiaBulgaria
| | - Marta Giovanetti
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo CruzFundação Oswaldo CruzRio de JaneiroBrazil,Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the EnvironmentUniversity of Campus Bio‐Medico di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Eleonora Cella
- Burnett School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFloridaUSA
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic DiseasesSofiaBulgaria
| | - Ivan Stoikov
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic DiseasesSofiaBulgaria
| | - Deyan Donchev
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic DiseasesSofiaBulgaria
| | | | - Anna Gancheva
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic DiseasesSofiaBulgaria
| | - Reneta Dimitrova
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic DiseasesSofiaBulgaria
| | - Nelly Korsun
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic DiseasesSofiaBulgaria
| | | | - Ivva Philipova
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic DiseasesSofiaBulgaria
| | - Veselin Dobrinov
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic DiseasesSofiaBulgaria
| | - Iliana Grigorova
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic DiseasesSofiaBulgaria
| | | | - Iva Christova
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic DiseasesSofiaBulgaria
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular EpidemiologyUniversity Campus Bio‐Medico of RomeRomeItaly
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Shin J, Ivanov I, Cho W, Shrestha R, Kim KT. Temporal characterization of a two-color laser field using tunneling ionization. Opt Express 2022; 30:28686-28695. [PMID: 36299058 DOI: 10.1364/oe.464586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The superposition of a fundamental laser pulse and its second harmonic can form an asymmetric laser field that is useful in many applications. The temporal characterization of the two-color laser field becomes necessary. However, the temporal characterization of the two-color laser pulse is a challenging task due to its broad bandwidth and a spectral gap between the two frequency components. Here we demonstrate the temporal characterization of the two-color laser field using multiple ionization yield measurements near the laser focus. This new approach enables the complete temporal characterization of the two-color laser field, including the relative phase between the two frequency components.
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Ni N, Fang X, Mullens DA, Cai JJ, Ivanov I, Bartholin L, Li Q. Transcriptomic Profiling of Gene Expression Associated with Granulosa Cell Tumor Development in a Mouse Model. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092184. [PMID: 35565312 PMCID: PMC9105549 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) are rare sex cord-stromal tumors, accounting for ~5% ovarian tumors. The etiology of GCTs remains poorly defined. Genetically engineered mouse models are potentially valuable for understanding the pathogenesis of GCTs. Mice harboring constitutively active TGFβ signaling (TGFBR1-CA) develop ovarian GCTs that phenocopy several hormonal and molecular characteristics of human GCTs. To determine molecular alterations in the ovary upon TGFβ signaling activation, we performed transcriptomic profiling of gene expression associated with GCT development using ovaries from 1-month-old TGFBR1-CA mice and age-matched controls. RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analysis coupled with the validation of select target genes revealed dysregulations of multiple cellular events and signaling molecules/pathways. The differentially expressed genes are enriched not only for known GCT-related pathways and tumorigenic events but also for signaling events potentially mediated by neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, relaxin signaling, insulin signaling, and complements in TGFBR1-CA ovaries. Additionally, a comparative analysis of our data in mice with genes dysregulated in human GCTs or granulosa cells overexpressing a mutant FOXL2, the genetic hallmark of adult GCTs, identified some common genes altered in both conditions. In summary, this study has revealed the molecular signature of ovarian GCTs in a mouse model that harbors the constitutive activation of TGFBR1. The findings may be further exploited to understand the pathogenesis of a class of poorly defined ovarian tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ni
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (N.N.); (X.F.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Xin Fang
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (N.N.); (X.F.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Destiny A. Mullens
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.A.M.); (I.I.)
| | - James J. Cai
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (N.N.); (X.F.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.A.M.); (I.I.)
| | - Laurent Bartholin
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, F-69000 Lyon, France;
- Centre Léon Bérard, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Qinglei Li
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (N.N.); (X.F.); (J.J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-979-862-2009
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Dobreva E, Ivanov I, Donchev D, Ivanova K, Hristova R, Dobrinov V, Dobrinov V, Sabtcheva S, Kantardjiev T. In vitro Investigation of Antibiotic Combinations against Multi- and Extensively Drug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Community and hospital acquired K. pneumoniae infections have become a ubiquitous medical issue due to the limited treatment options and high mortality rate therefore the aims of this study are in vitro investigation of double antimicrobial combinations against multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) isolates.
Materials and Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility of twelve isolates from eight Bulgarian hospitals was determined to study the interaction effect of selected double combinations in accordance to fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) method. Furthermore, the isolates were subjected to genotyping by Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and detection of carbapenemase genes by multiplex PCR. The results were assessed by groups of strains with either NDM or KPC carbapenemase.
Results: Nine antimicrobial combinations: meropenem-colistin, meropenem-fosfomycin, meropenem-gentamicin, meropenem-rifampicin, meropenem-tigecycline, colistin-fosfomycin, colistin-gentamicin, colistin-rifampicin and colistin-tigecycline were tested for synergism on twelve K. pneumoniae, producing either KPC-2 (KPC-KP, 41.7%, 5/12) or NDM-1 (NDM-KP, 58.3%, 7/12). The isolates were distributed in three sequence types: ST11 (58.3%, 7/12), ST15 (25%, 3/12) and ST258 (16.7%, 2/12). All KPC-KP (ST258 and ST15) originated from three hospitals. The rest were NDM-1 carriers isolated from six hospitals and belonged to ST11. The highest synergistic effect was determined for MER-GEN (83.3%, 10/12) and COL-RIF (83.3%, 10/12). The MER-FOS combination was most efficient against NDM-KP, opposite to the KPC strains. Antagonism was not observed for any combinations.
Conclusions: The evaluated joint synergistic effect of the MER-GEN and COL-RIF may facilitate the treatment options for patients infected with NDM- and KPC-KP, whereas MER-FOS is highly synergetic against NDM-KP.
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Kostadinov R, Mihaylov V, Trichkov T, Marvakov S, Ivanov I, Eyupov E, Vladov N. A snapshot study of perioperative outcomes after laparoscopic hepatectomy at the peak of the learning curve. Int J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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45
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Kostadinov R, Vladov N, Mihaylov V, Trichkov T, Yakova M, Ivanov I, Marvakov S, Katzarov K, Gruda E, Hartova A. Institutional experience as a hallmark of progress in the treatment of pancreatic head cancer. Int J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Fang X, Ni N, Wang X, Tian Y, Ivanov I, Rijnkels M, Bayless KJ, Lydon JP, Li Q. EZH2 and Endometrial Cancer Development: Insights from a Mouse Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050909. [PMID: 35269532 PMCID: PMC8909840 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a core component of polycomb repressive complex 2, plays an important role in cancer development. As both oncogenic and tumor suppressive functions of EZH2 have been documented in the literature, the objective of this study is to determine the impact of Ezh2 deletion on the development and progression of endometrial cancer induced by inactivation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a tumor suppressor gene frequently dysregulated in endometrial cancer patients. To this end, we created mice harboring uterine deletion of both Ezh2 and Pten using Cre recombinase driven by the progesterone receptor (Pgr) promoter. Our results showed reduced tumor burden in Ptend/d; Ezh2d/d mice compared with that of Ptend/d mice during early carcinogenesis. The decreased Ki67 index in EZH2 and PTEN-depleted uteri versus that in PTEN-depleted uteri indicated an oncogenic role of EZH2 during early tumor development. However, mice harboring uterine deletion of both Ezh2 and Pten developed unfavorable disease outcome, accompanied by exacerbated epithelial stratification and heightened inflammatory response. The observed effect was non-cell autonomous and mediated by altered immune response evidenced by massive accumulation of intraluminal neutrophils, a hallmark of endometrial carcinoma in Ptend/d; Ezh2d/d mice during disease progression. Hence, these results reveal dual roles of EZH2 in endometrial cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fang
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (X.F.); (N.N.); (M.R.)
| | - Nan Ni
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (X.F.); (N.N.); (M.R.)
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, USA;
| | - Yanan Tian
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Y.T.); (I.I.)
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Y.T.); (I.I.)
| | - Monique Rijnkels
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (X.F.); (N.N.); (M.R.)
| | - Kayla J. Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA;
| | - John P. Lydon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Qinglei Li
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (X.F.); (N.N.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-979-862-2009; Fax: +1-979-847-8981
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Marušič N, Zhao Z, Otrin L, Dimova R, Ivanov I, Sundmacher K. Fusion‐Induced Growth of Biomimetic Polymersomes: Behavior of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)‐Poly(ethylene oxide) Vesicles in Saline Solutions Under High Agitation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202270016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Boyanova P, Gradinarska D, Dobreva V, Ivanov I, Petkova N. Effects of lingonberry extract (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) on the antioxidant, physicochemical and sensory characteristics of ice cream. BIO Web Conf 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20224501008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, ice cream mixtures with 5%, 10% and 15% lingonberry extract were studied. The lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) is a source of anthocyanins and flavonoids, which are the bioactive components with good antioxidant properties. There was a significant increase in antioxidant activity (p<0.05) from 133.3 ± 5.6 mM TE/100 g to 249.8 ± 8.3 mM TE/100 g (ABTS method) with increasing the concentration of the extract from 5% to 15%, respectively. Significant changes (p<0.05) in the acidity and dry matter of the samples with lingonberry extract were recorded. After 30 days of storage, a decrease in the antioxidant properties (p<0.05) of the ice cream samples was observed but higher values (mM TE/100 g) were maintained compared to the sample without extract. The color characteristics of the samples were also influenced by the concentration of the extract used. During storage, the highest stability of the colorimetric index a* (red component) was established, which indicates relative color stability during storage.
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Kalchev Y, Petrova A, Lengerova G, Ivanov I, Murdjeva M. Elizabethkingia miricola Recovered from a Peritoneal Fluid Sample – A Clinical Case Report with Diagnostic Challenges. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.7716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Elizabethkingia spp. are Gram-negative, non-spore-forming bacteria that used to be rarely encountered but now they are of growing clinical significance. Furthermore, the diagnostic challenges to identification impede the complete elucidation of their epidemiology and association with human diseases. Case report: A 64-year-old man with liver cirrhosis due to alcohol abuse presented with fatigue, abdominal swelling, and bilateral scrotal edema. A peritoneal fluid sample was cultured and subject to a number of identification methods – API 20 NE (bioMerieux), automated Vitek-2 Compact (bioMerieux), MALDI-TOF MS (Vitek-MS, bioMerieux), and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A final diagnosis of bacterascites was made on the basis of clinical, laboratory, and microbiological findings. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of Elizabethkingia miricola being cultured from a peritoneal fluid sample in an immune-compromised host thus pointing to the emerging pathogenic role of the bacterium in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites.
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50
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Ivanov I. Lessons learned for global occupational health from the COVID-19 pandemic and building forward better. Saf Health Work 2022. [PMCID: PMC8817430 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2021.12.728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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