1
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Halstead SK, Gourlay DS, Penderis J, Bianchi E, Dondi M, Wessmann A, Musteata M, Le Chevoir M, Martinez-Anton L, Bhatti SFM, Volk H, Mateo I, Tipold A, Ives E, Pakozdy A, Gutierrez-Quintana R, Brocal J, Whitehead Z, Granger N, Pazzi P, Harcourt-Brown T, José-López R, Rupp S, Schenk HC, Smith P, Gandini G, Menchetti M, Mortera-Balsa V, Rusbridge C, Tauro A, Cozzi F, Deutschland M, Tirrito F, Freeman P, Lowrie M, Jackson MR, Willison HJ, Rupp A. Serum anti-GM2 and anti-GalNAc-GD1a IgG antibodies are biomarkers for acute canine polyradiculoneuritis. J Small Anim Pract 2022; 63:104-112. [PMID: 34791652 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A previous single-country pilot study indicated serum anti-GM2 and anti-GA1 anti-glycolipid antibodies as potential biomarkers for acute canine polyradiculoneuritis. This study aims to validate these findings in a large geographically heterogenous cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sera from 175 dogs clinically diagnosed with acute canine polyradiculoneuritis, 112 dogs with other peripheral nerve, cranial nerve or neuromuscular disorders and 226 neurologically normal dogs were screened for anti-glycolipid antibodies against 11 common glycolipid targets to determine the immunoglobulin G anti-glycolipid antibodies with the highest combined sensitivity and specificity for acute canine polyradiculoneuritis. RESULTS Anti-GM2 anti-glycolipid antibodies reached the highest combined sensitivity and specificity (sensitivity: 65.1%, 95% confidence interval 57.6 to 72.2%; specificity: 90.2%, 95% confidence interval 83.1 to 95.0%), followed by anti-GalNAc-GD1a anti-glycolipid antibodies (sensitivity: 61.7%, 95% confidence interval 54.1 to 68.9%; specificity: 89.3%, 95% confidence interval 82.0 to 94.3%) and these anti-glycolipid antibodies were frequently present concomitantly. Anti-GA1 anti-glycolipid antibodies were detected in both acute canine polyradiculoneuritis and control animals. Both for anti-GM2 and anti-GalNAc-GD1a anti-glycolipid antibodies, sex was found a significantly associated factor with a female to male odds ratio of 2.55 (1.27 to 5.31) and 3.00 (1.22 to 7.89), respectively. Anti-GalNAc-GD1a anti-glycolipid antibodies were more commonly observed in dogs unable to walk (OR 4.56, 1.56 to 14.87). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Anti-GM2 and anti-GalNAc-GD1a immunoglobulin G anti-glycolipid antibodies represent serum biomarkers for acute canine polyradiculoneuritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Halstead
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - D S Gourlay
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - J Penderis
- Vet Extra Neurology, Broadleys Veterinary Hospital, Stirling, FK7 7LE, UK
| | - E Bianchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - M Dondi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - A Wessmann
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Service, Pride Veterinary Centre, Pride Park, Derby, DE24 8HX, UK
| | - M Musteata
- Neurology Service, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 700489, Romania
| | - M Le Chevoir
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
| | - L Martinez-Anton
- Chestergates Veterinary Specialists, Telford Court, Chestergates, CH1 6LT, UK
| | - S F M Bhatti
- Small Animal Department, Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - H Volk
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - I Mateo
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínico Veterinario - Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Tipold
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - E Ives
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, Hursley, Winchester, SO21 2LL, UK
| | - A Pakozdy
- University Hospital for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - J Brocal
- Wear Referrals Veterinary Hospital, Bradbury, Stockton-on-Tees, TS21 2ES, UK
| | - Z Whitehead
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - N Granger
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK.,CVS Referrals, Bristol Veterinary Specialists at Highcroft, Bristol, UK
| | - P Pazzi
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - T Harcourt-Brown
- Langford Veterinary Services, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Lower Langford, BS40 5DU, UK
| | - R José-López
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - S Rupp
- Tierklinik Hofheim, 65719, Hofheim, Germany
| | - H C Schenk
- Tierklinik Lüneburg, 21337, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - P Smith
- Hamilton Specialist Referrals, Cressex Business Park, High Wycombe, HP12 3SD, UK
| | - G Gandini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - M Menchetti
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Division, San Marco Veterinary Clinic, Veggiano, Italy
| | - V Mortera-Balsa
- North Downs Specialist Referrals, 3&4 The Brewerstreet Dairy Business Park, Bletchingley, Surrey, RH1 4QP, UK
| | - C Rusbridge
- Neurology Section, Fitzpatrick Referrals, Godalming, Surrey, GU2 7AL, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7AL, UK
| | - A Tauro
- Chestergates Veterinary Specialists, Telford Court, Chestergates, CH1 6LT, UK
| | - F Cozzi
- Clinica Neurologica Veterinaria, 20148, Milan, Italy
| | | | - F Tirrito
- Clinica Neurologica Veterinaria, 20148, Milan, Italy
| | - P Freeman
- The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - M Lowrie
- Dovecote Veterinary Hospital, Castle Donington, Derby, DE74 2LJ, UK
| | - M R Jackson
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, G61 1QH, UK
| | - H J Willison
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - A Rupp
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
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2
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Spence S, French A, Penderis J, Macfarlane L, Gutierrez‐Quintana R, Dickson L, Holmes K, McLauchlan G. The occurrence of cardiac abnormalities in canine steroid‐responsive meningitis arteritis. J Small Anim Pract 2019; 60:204-211. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Spence
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Glasgow Glasgow G61 1QH UK
| | - A. French
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Glasgow Glasgow G61 1QH UK
| | - J. Penderis
- Vet Extra Neurology Broadleys Veterinary Hospital, Stirling FK7 7LE UK
| | - L. Macfarlane
- North Downs Specialist Referrals Bletchingley RH1 4QP UK
| | | | - L. Dickson
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Glasgow Glasgow G61 1QH UK
| | | | - G. McLauchlan
- Fitzpatrick Referrals – Oncology and Soft Tissue Surrey GU2 7AJ UK
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3
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Brocal J, De Decker S, José-López R, Manzanilla EG, Penderis J, Stalin C, Bertram S, Schoenebeck JJ, Rusbridge C, Fitzpatrick N, Gutierrez-Quintana R. C7 vertebra homeotic transformation in domestic dogs - are Pug dogs breaking mammalian evolutionary constraints? J Anat 2018; 233:255-265. [PMID: 29761492 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of cervical vertebrae in mammals is almost constant at seven, regardless of their neck length, implying that there is selection against variation in this number. Homebox (Hox) genes are involved in this evolutionary mammalian conservation, and homeotic transformation of cervical into thoracic vertebrae (cervical ribs) is a common phenotypic abnormality when Hox gene expression is altered. This relatively benign phenotypic change can be associated with fatal traits in humans. Mutations in genes upstream of Hox, inbreeding and stressors during organogenesis can also cause cervical ribs. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of cervical ribs in a large group of domestic dogs of different breeds, and explore a possible relation with other congenital vertebral malformations (CVMs) in the breed with the highest prevalence of cervical ribs. By phenotyping we hoped to give clues as to the underlying genetic causes. Twenty computed tomography studies from at least two breeds belonging to each of the nine groups recognized by the Federation Cynologique Internationale, including all the brachycephalic 'screw-tailed' breeds that are known to be overrepresented for CVMs, were reviewed. The Pug dog was more affected by cervical ribs than any other breed (46%; P < 0.001), and was selected for further analysis. No association was found between the presence of cervical ribs and vertebral body formation defect, bifid spinous process, caudal articular process hypoplasia/aplasia and an abnormal sacrum, which may infer they have a different aetiopathogenesis. However, Pug dogs with cervical ribs were more likely to have a transitional thoraco-lumbar vertebra (P = 0.041) and a pre-sacral vertebral count of 26 (P < 0.001). Higher C7/T1 dorsal spinous processes ratios were associated with the presence of cervical ribs (P < 0.001), supporting this is a true homeotic transformation. Relaxation of the stabilizing selection has likely occurred, and the Pug dog appears to be a good naturally occurring model to further investigate the aetiology of cervical ribs, other congenital vertebral anomalies and numerical alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brocal
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - S De Decker
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - R José-López
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - E G Manzanilla
- Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - J Penderis
- Vet-Extra Neurology, Broadleys Veterinary Hospital, Stirling, UK
| | - C Stalin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - S Bertram
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - J J Schoenebeck
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, UK
| | - C Rusbridge
- Fitzpatrick Referrals, Eashing, Surrey, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | | | - R Gutierrez-Quintana
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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4
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Mortera-Balsa V, van Oostrom H, Yeamans C, Gutierrez-Quintana R, Penderis J, Granger N. Suspected air embolism through the thoracic ventral internal vertebral venous plexus during hemilaminectomy in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2017; 58:355-358. [PMID: 28394460 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Venous air embolism entering via the ventral internal vertebral venous plexus was suspected during thoracic spinal surgery in two dogs. In both cases, air was seen bubbling from a pool of blood on the floor of the vertebral canal accompanied by sudden cardiopulmonary disturbances: low end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure, tachycardia and reduction in oxygen in the blood. One dog became dyspnoeic and one died.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mortera-Balsa
- School of Veterinary Sciences, Small Animal Hospital, University of Bristol, Langford, BS40 5DU, UK
| | - H van Oostrom
- School of Veterinary Sciences, Small Animal Hospital, University of Bristol, Langford, BS40 5DU, UK
| | - C Yeamans
- School of Veterinary Sciences, Small Animal Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - R Gutierrez-Quintana
- School of Veterinary Sciences, Small Animal Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - J Penderis
- Vet Extra Neurology, Broadleys Veterinary Hospital, Stirling, FK7 7LE, UK
| | - N Granger
- School of Veterinary Sciences, Small Animal Hospital, University of Bristol, Langford, BS40 5DU, UK
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5
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Rodiño-Tilve V, Guevar J, Hammond G, Penderis J. Incomplete ossification of the atlas in a dog: surgical stabilisation using a SOP plate. J Small Anim Pract 2017; 58:301. [PMID: 28339106 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V Rodiño-Tilve
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - J Guevar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - G Hammond
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - J Penderis
- Vet Extra Neurology, Broadleys Veterinary Hospital, Craig Leith Road, Broadleys, Stirling, FK7 7LE, UK
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6
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Lazzerini K, Gutierrez-Quintana R, José-López R, McConnell F, Gonçalves R, McMurrough J, De Decker S, Muir C, Priestnall SL, Mari L, Stabile F, De Risio L, Loeffler C, Tauro A, Rusbridge C, Rodenas S, Añor S, de la Fuente C, Fischer A, Bruehschwein A, Penderis J, Guevar J. Clinical Features, Imaging Characteristics, and Long-term Outcome of Dogs with Cranial Meningocele or Meningoencephalocele. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:505-512. [PMID: 28247440 PMCID: PMC5354015 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The term meningoencephalocele (MEC) describes a herniation of cerebral tissue and meninges through a defect in the cranium, whereas a meningocele (MC) is a herniation of the meninges alone. Hypothesis/Objectives To describe the clinical features, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics, and outcomes of dogs with cranial MC and MEC. Animals Twenty‐two client‐owned dogs diagnosed with cranial MC or MEC. Methods Multicentric retrospective descriptive study. Clinical records of 13 institutions were reviewed. Signalment, clinical history, neurologic findings and MRI characteristics as well as treatment and outcome were recorded and evaluated. Results Most affected dogs were presented at a young age (median, 6.5 months; range, 1 month – 8 years). The most common presenting complaints were seizures and behavioral abnormalities. Intranasal MEC was more common than parietal MC. Magnetic resonance imaging identified meningeal enhancement of the protruded tissue in 77% of the cases. Porencephaly was seen in all cases with parietal MC. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis identified mild abnormalities in 4 of 11 cases. Surgery was not performed in any affected dog. Seventeen patients were treated medically, and seizures were adequately controlled with anti‐epileptic drugs in 10 dogs. Dogs with intranasal MEC and mild neurologic signs had a fair prognosis with medical treatment. Conclusion and clinical importance Although uncommon, MC and MEC should be considered as a differential diagnosis in young dogs presenting with seizures or alterations in behavior. Medical treatment is a valid option with a fair prognosis when the neurologic signs are mild.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lazzerini
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - R José-López
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - F McConnell
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - R Gonçalves
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - S De Decker
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - C Muir
- Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - S L Priestnall
- Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - L Mari
- Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, UK
| | | | | | - C Loeffler
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Tauro
- Fitzpatrick Referrals, Eashing, Surrey, UK
| | | | - S Rodenas
- Hospital Veterinario Valencia Sur, Valencia, Spain
| | - S Añor
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C de la Fuente
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Fischer
- Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Munchen, Germany
| | | | - J Penderis
- Vet Extra Neurology, Broadleys Veterinary Hospital, Stirling, UK
| | - J Guevar
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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7
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Cooper C, Gutierrez-Quintana R, Penderis J, Gonçalves R. Osseous associated cervical spondylomyelopathy at the C2-C3 articular facet joint in 11 dogs. Vet Rec 2015; 177:522. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.103104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Cooper
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool; Wirral UK
| | | | - J. Penderis
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow; UK
| | - R. Gonçalves
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool; Wirral UK
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8
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Yeamans CL, Haley A, Gutierrez-Quintana R, Penderis J. Surgical Anatomical Landmarks of the Thoracolumbar Vertebral Column on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Dogs. Anat Histol Embryol 2015; 45:140-4. [PMID: 26105110 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in veterinary medicine profoundly improved spinal cord disease investigation in canine patients. We aimed to further describe the anatomical landmarks of the thoracolumbar junction in sagittal MRI sequences. MRI studies from 90 dogs were reviewed retrospectively, representing a broad cross section of breeds and body weights. The ratio of the distance from the dorsal aspect of the vertebral canal to the dorsal aspect of the transverse process or rib articulation relative to the length of L2 vertebra was determined for T12, T13, L1 and L2 vertebrae. A statistically significant difference was noted with the transverse processes being more ventrally located than the cranial fovea costalis. The lumbar transverse processes and rib articulations dramatically varied in shape, being oval or round, respectively. The sagittal image at the level of the lateral margin of the articular facet joint proved to be the most consistent for review of these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Yeamans
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - A Haley
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - R Gutierrez-Quintana
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - J Penderis
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
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9
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Mortera-Balsa V, Penderis J, Wessmann A, Gonçalves R, Lowrie M, Gutierrez-Quintana R. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lentiform nuclei in dogs with portosystemic shunts. J Small Anim Pract 2015; 56:307-11. [PMID: 25677834 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop and evaluate a method to quantify the T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging signal intensity of the lentiform nuclei in dogs, and to determine if there is any significant difference in this signal intensity between dogs with portosystemic shunts and a control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective blinded study was performed to investigate the reliability and use of a quantitative method for assessing the T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging signal intensity of the lentiform nuclei in dogs with and without portosystemic shunts. The lentiform nuclei index (mean lentiform nucleus signal intensity/mean white matter signal intensity) was calculated for nine dogs with portosystemic shunts and a control group of 14 dogs. RESULTS The intra- and inter-observer intraclass correlation coefficients were considered excellent (>0 · 75), suggesting that the lentiform nuclei index is a reliable method. The dogs with portosystemic shunts had a higher lentiform nuclei index than the control group (P = 0 · 0127). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This method of quantifying the T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging signal intensity of the lentiform nuclei was reliable and showed that dogs with portosystemic shunts tend to have increased signal intensity. Further prospective studies are necessary to investigate the clinical significance and applications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mortera-Balsa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH
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10
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Joslyn S, Driver C, McConnell F, Penderis J, Wessmann A. Magnetic resonance imaging of suspected idiopathic bilateral C2 hypertrophic ganglioneuritis in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2015; 56:184-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Joslyn
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine; University of Illinois; 1008 W. Hazelwood Dr Urbana IL 61802 USA
| | - C. Driver
- Department of Veterinary Neurology and Neurosurgery, Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists; The Granary, Bunstead Barns; Poles Lane, Hursley, Winchester Hampshire SO21 2LL
| | - F. McConnell
- Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Small Animal Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Science; University of Liverpool; Leahurst Campus Neston CH64 7TE
| | - J. Penderis
- Vet-Extra Neurology; Broadleys Veterinary Hospital; Stirling FK7 7LE
| | - A. Wessmann
- Department of Veterinary Neurology; University of Nottingham, Pride Veterinary Centre; Pride Park Derby DE24 8HX
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11
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Venn R, McBrearty A, McKeegan D, Penderis J. The effect of magnetic resonance imaging noise on cochlear function in dogs. Vet J 2014; 202:141-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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Faller K, Leach J, Gutierrez-Quintana R, Finck M, Hammond G, Penderis J, Marchesi F. Diagnostic Exercise: Circling and Behavioral Changes in a Cat. Vet Pathol 2014; 52:696-9. [PMID: 25161208 DOI: 10.1177/0300985814547390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A 4-year old spayed male domestic shorthair cat was presented with a history of circling and behavioral changes. Neurologic examination showed mild proprioceptive deficits. The lesion was localized in the forebrain, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed the presence of a large midline intracranial mass extending from the frontal lobe to the tentorial region of the brain. Euthanasia was elected due to poor prognosis. Histopathologic evaluation confirmed the presence of a mass composed by sheets and aggregates of large round/polygonal cells and multinucleate cells associated with deposits of cholesterol clefts, scattered hemorrhages and hemosiderin-laden macrophages. Immunohistochemistry showed that the round/polygonal cells and multinucleate cells were strongly positive for major histocompatibility complex class II antigen, variably positive for CD18, and occasionally positive for S100. Subsets of spindle cells showing variable expression of vimentin, S100, and neuron-specific enolase were also present. The final diagnosis was cholesterol granuloma. Differential diagnosis with meningioma is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Faller
- Neurology Unit, Small Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - J Leach
- Veterinary Diagnostic Services, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - R Gutierrez-Quintana
- Neurology Unit, Small Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - M Finck
- Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Small Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - G Hammond
- Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Small Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - J Penderis
- Neurology Unit, Small Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - F Marchesi
- Veterinary Diagnostic Services, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Gonçalves R, Volk H, Smith PM, Penderis J, Garosi L, MacKillop E, de Stefani A, Cherubini G, McConnell JF. Corpus callosal abnormalities in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:1275-9. [PMID: 24839863 PMCID: PMC4857934 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corpus callosal abnormalities (CCA) in dogs have been only sporadically reported and are poorly characterized. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical presentation and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of dogs with CCA. ANIMALS Fifteen client-owned dogs. METHODS Retrospective study. Records of the contributing institutions were reviewed to identify dogs diagnosed with malformations affecting the corpus callosum (CC); cases in which the CCA was thought to be secondary were excluded. RESULTS The most represented breeds were Staffordshire Bull Terriers (5/15) and Miniature Schnauzers (3/15; n = 3, 20%) and the mean age at time of presentation of 19 months (range 3-81 months). The clinical signs most commonly reported were adipsia/hypodipsia with associated hypernatremia (12/15), tremors (6/15), and seizures (6/15). Review of the MR images revealed that 10 dogs had absence of the rostral CC and hypoplasia of the caudal portion, 4 dogs had a diffusely hypoplastic and dysplastic CC, and 1 dog had a diffusely hypoplastic CC. In 14 cases, there was abnormal cortical development with fusion of the ventral frontal lobes and part of the diencephalon, indicating lobar holoprosencephaly. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Previous literature has mainly associated CCA with adipsia and only 12 of 15 dogs in the current series demonstrated this abnormality. There are different degrees of the malformation but in 10 dogs the rostral portion of the CC is most severely affected. Fourteen dogs have simultaneous fusion of the midline structures rostral to the CC; this region has several structures involved in thirst regulation and might explain this derangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gonçalves
- Department of Veterinary Science, Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
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14
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Gutierrez-Quintana R, Edgar J, Wessmann A, Cherubini GB, Penderis J. The cutaneous trunci reflex for localising and grading thoracolumbar spinal cord injuries in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2012; 53:470-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2012.01244.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Gutierrez-Quintana
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Bearsden Road; Glasgow; UK
| | | | - A. Wessmann
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Bearsden Road; Glasgow; UK
| | | | - J. Penderis
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Bearsden Road; Glasgow; UK
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15
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Gonçalves R, McBrearty A, Pratola L, Calvo G, Anderson TJ, Penderis J. Clinical evaluation of cochlear hearing status in dogs using evoked otoacoustic emissions. J Small Anim Pract 2012; 53:344-51. [PMID: 22647213 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2012.01229.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evoked otoacoustic emission testing is the preferred test in human patients for sensorineural deafness screening in neonates and cochlear outer hair cell function monitoring in adults. This study evaluated evoked otoacoustic emission testing for cochlear function assessment in dogs within a clinical setting. METHODS Two populations of anaesthetised dogs were included. In group 1 the evoked otoacoustic emission response was compared to the brainstem auditory evoked response in 10 dogs having hearing assessment. Group 2 comprised 43 presumed normal dogs, in which the suitability of two types of evoked otoacoustic emissions, transient-evoked and distortion product otoacoustic emissions, were evaluated (brainstem auditory evoked response was not performed in this group). RESULTS Valid transient-evoked otoacoustic emission and distortion-product otoacoustic emission responses were successfully recorded within the clinical setting and correctly identified deaf and hearing ears. Within presumed healthy dogs, normal otoacoustic emission response was demonstrated in more than 80% of dogs using a single, short distortion-product otoacoustic emission run and in 78% of dogs with valid transient-evoked otoacoustic emission responses using a series of three repeated transient-evoked otoacoustic emission short runs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Transient-evoked otoacoustic emission and distortion-product otoacoustic emission testing provided a rapid, non-invasive frequency-specific assessment of cochlear function. Transient-evoked otoacoustic emission and distortion product otoacoustic emission testing is suitable as a screening procedure to detect loss of cochlear function in dogs, although further investigation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gonçalves
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow
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16
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Arrol L, Penderis J, Garosi L, Cripps P, Gutierrez-Quintana R, Gonçalves R. Aetiology and long-term outcome of juvenile epilepsy in 136 dogs. Vet Rec 2012; 170:335. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.100316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Arrol
- Department of Veterinary Science; Small Animal Teaching Hospital; University of Liverpool, Leahurst; Chester High Road Neston CH64 7TE UK
| | - J. Penderis
- School of Veterinary Medicine; College of Medical; Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Bearsden Road Glasgow G61 1QH UK
| | - L. Garosi
- Davies Veterinary Specialists; Manor Farm Business Park Higham Gobion Hertfordshire SG5 3HR UK
| | - P. Cripps
- Department of Veterinary Science; Small Animal Teaching Hospital; University of Liverpool, Leahurst; Chester High Road Neston CH64 7TE UK
| | - R. Gutierrez-Quintana
- School of Veterinary Medicine; College of Medical; Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Bearsden Road Glasgow G61 1QH UK
| | - R. Gonçalves
- Department of Veterinary Science; Small Animal Teaching Hospital; University of Liverpool, Leahurst; Chester High Road Neston CH64 7TE UK
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17
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McBrearty A, Penderis J. Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions Testing for Screening of Sensorineural Deafness in Puppies. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 25:1366-71. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00794.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. McBrearty
- School of Veterinary Medicine; College of Medical; Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow; UK
| | - J. Penderis
- School of Veterinary Medicine; College of Medical; Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow; UK
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18
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Gonçalves R, Anderson TJ, Innocent G, Penderis J. Effect of seizures on cerebrospinal fluid analysis in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. Vet Rec 2010; 166:497-8. [PMID: 20400742 DOI: 10.1136/vr.b4812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Gonçalves
- Department of Veterinary Science, Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE.
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19
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Monteiro R, Anderson TJ, Innocent G, Evans NP, Penderis J. Variations in serum concentration of phenobarbitone in dogs receiving regular twice daily doses in relation to the times of administration. Vet Rec 2010; 165:556-8. [PMID: 19897869 DOI: 10.1136/vr.165.19.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The laboratory records of 1427 client-owned dogs on chronic phenobarbitone treatment were analysed. They were divided into two groups: the 918 dogs from which blood samples were collected at the trough, that is, within two hours before the next dose of phenobarbitone, and the 509 dogs from which samples were taken during the non-trough period. There were no significant differences between the mean serum concentrations of phenobarbitone in the trough and non-trough samples from dogs receiving doses ranging from 2 mg/kg per day to more than 10 mg/kg per day. However, the higher doses of phenobarbitone were associated with progressively lower phenobarbitone concentrations in the trough group relative to the non-trough group, and this difference was significant at doses of more than 10 mg/kg per day.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Monteiro
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH
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20
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Lowrie M, Penderis J, Eckersall P, McLaughlin M, Mellor D, Anderson T. The role of acute phase proteins in diagnosis and management of steroid-responsive meningitis arteritis in dogs. Vet J 2009; 182:125-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Revised: 04/25/2008] [Accepted: 05/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Lowrie M, Penderis J, McLaughlin M, Eckersall P, Anderson T. Steroid Responsive Meningitis-Arteritis: A Prospective Study of Potential Disease Markers, Prednisolone Treatment, and Long-Term Outcome in 20 Dogs (2006-2008). J Vet Intern Med 2009; 23:862-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0337.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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22
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Gonçalves R, Freeman J, Penderis J. The use of contralateral masking noise in the detection of unilateral deafness in Dalmatian puppies. J Vet Intern Med 2008; 22:234-7. [PMID: 18289317 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.0003.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brainstem auditory-evoked response (BAER) is currently the standard evaluation method of hearing in dogs. In asymmetrical hearing loss in human patients, simultaneous presentation of masking noise to the nontest ear is routinely performed during BAER to eliminate the crossover effect. HYPOTHESIS The crossover effect occurs during canine BAER, and masking noise of 20 decibels (dB) below click stimulus intensity is sufficient to abolish this effect. ANIMALS Fifty-six Dalmatian puppies with confirmed unilateral deafness. METHODS The BAER was elicited with 80 and 100 dB normalized hearing level (dBnHL) stimulus intensity in the deaf ear. The 100 dBnHL stimulus was repeated while simultaneously applying 80 dBnHL white masking noise to the nontest ear. RESULTS Ten dogs were excluded because of BAER trace baseline fluctuation. In the remaining 46 dogs, 8 dogs had no waveforms, but 38 dogs had an identifiable wave-V in the deaf ear BAER at 80 dBnHL intensity stimulus. At 100 dBnHL intensity stimulus, all but 1 dog had a discernible wave-V in the deaf ear BAER. The deaf ear BAER waveforms were abolished by white masking noise at 80 dBnHL in the nontest ear in all dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Abolition of BAER wave-V in the deaf ear by white masking noise in the nontest ear suggests that this wave is caused by the crossover effect. beta distribution indicates 95% confidence that white masking noise, at 20 dB below click stimulus intensity, would abolish this crossover effect in over 90% of the dogs. This supports using masking noise in the nontest ear during canine BAER.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gonçalves
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Division of Companion Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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23
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Stidworthy MF, Lewis JCM, Penderis J, Palmer AC. Progressive encephalomyelopathy and cerebellar degeneration in a captive-bred snow leopard (Uncia uncia). Vet Rec 2008; 162:522-4. [PMID: 18424851 DOI: 10.1136/vr.162.16.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M F Stidworthy
- International Zoo Veterinary Group, Keighley Business Centre, South Street, Keighley, West Yorkshire BD21 1AG
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24
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Gonçalves R, Penderis J, Chang YP, Zoia A, Mosley J, Anderson TJ. Clinical and neurological characteristics of aortic thromboembolism in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2008; 49:178-84. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2007.00530.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
This retrospective study evaluated the magnetic resonance (mr) images of traumatic disc extrusions in 11 dogs. The findings included a reduction in the volume and signal intensity of the nucleus pulposus, focal hyperintensity within the overlying spinal cord on T (2)-weighted mr images, and subtle spinal cord compression, extraneous material or signal change within the vertebral canal. The largest area of hyperintensity in the spinal cord was directly over or close to the affected disc space, appeared asymmetrical and in the majority of cases was less than one vertebra in length. Parenchymal spinal cord haemorrhage was identified in four of the dogs. Vacuum phenomena, evident as a signal void in the centre of the disc, were identified in two of the dogs. The mr images were distinct from those reported for other causes of spinal cord dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chang
- Division of Companion Animal Science, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- J Penderis
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow
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27
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Platt SR, Adams V, Garosi LS, Abramson CJ, Penderis J, De Stefani A, Matiasek L. Treatment with gabapentin of 11 dogs with refractory idiopathic epilepsy. Vet Rec 2006; 159:881-4. [PMID: 17189599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Eleven dogs diagnosed with refractory idiopathic epilepsy were treated orally with gabapentin for a minimum of three months at an initial dose of 10 mg/kg every eight hours. They were all experiencing episodes of generalised tonic-clonic seizures and had been treated chronically with a combination of phenobarbital and potassium bromide at doses sufficient to reach acceptable therapeutic serum levels without causing significant side effects. In each dog, the number of seizures per week, the average duration of the seizures and the number of days on which seizures occurred were compared for the three months before and after they were treated with gabapentin. A minimum 50 per cent reduction in the number of seizures per week was interpreted as a positive response to gabapentin, and six of the dogs showed a positive response. After the addition of gabapentin, both the number of seizures per week (P= 0.005) and the number of days with any seizures in a one-week period (P=0.03) were significantly reduced. Mild side effects of ataxia and sedation were observed in five of the dogs, but they were not severe enough to warrant the treatment being discontinued during the trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Platt
- Centre for Small Animal Studies, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU
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28
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Chang Y, Thompson H, Reed N, Penderis J. Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features of nasopharyngeal lymphoma in two cats with concurrent intracranial mass. J Small Anim Pract 2006; 47:678-81. [PMID: 17076793 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2006.00151.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoma is reported to be the most common nasal and second most common intracranial neoplasm in cats. Intracranial lymphoma may occur as a primary central nervous system lymphoma or as part of multi-centric disease. Two cats were presented with histopathologically confirmed nasopharyngeal lymphoma and concurrent mass within the middle fossa of the cranial cavity, with magnetic resonance imaging suggestive of direct communication. Both cats demonstrated evidence of bilateral oculomotor nerve deficits and upper respiratory tract noise. In one cat, bilateral optic nerve deficits were also present. The magnetic resonance imaging features were similar in both cases and demonstrated a contrast-enhancing intracranial mass on the ventral aspect of the middle fossa of the cranial cavity and an adjacent mass arising from the dorsal aspect of the nasopharynx. Lymphoma should be included as an important differential diagnosis in cats presented with middle cranial fossa syndrome (in particular ophthalmoplegia) and stertor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chang
- Division of Pathological Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH
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29
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Abstract
Moxidectin is a macrocyclic lactone related to ivermectin used in horses and dogs for endoparasite treatment and prophylaxis. The clinical and neurological presentation of moxidectin toxicity in two dogs following inadvertent poisoning with a moxidectin-containing equine de-worming medication is reported here. In both the dogs, the predominant clinical signs were generalised tremors and ataxia. Moxidectin exerts its neurotoxic effects in mammals by potentiating the effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid and, consistent with this, both the dogs demonstrated a poor response to treatment with diazepam. It would be more appropriate to avoid gamma-aminobutyric acid agonists, such as benzodiazepines and barbiturates, in dogs with moxidectin toxicity and consider using anaesthetic agents with a different mode of action, such as propofol. The prognosis in dogs accidentally exposed to moxidectin-containing equine de-worming medication appears to be excellent if the cause of the neurotoxicity is correctly identified and the case is appropriately managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Snowden
- Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket CB8 7UU
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30
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Penderis J, Schwarz T, McConnell JF, Garosi LS, Thomson CE, Dennis R. Dysplasia of the caudal vertebral articular facets in four dogs: results of radiographic, myelographic and magnetic resonance imaging investigations. Vet Rec 2005; 156:601-5. [PMID: 15879540 DOI: 10.1136/vr.156.19.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the vertebral column associated with aberrations of one of the primary vertebral ossification centres have been frequently described in the veterinary literature, but clinically significant abnormalities of secondary vertebral ossification centres, particularly involving the caudal articular processes, are much less frequently reported. This paper describes three dogs with aplasia and one dog with hypoplasia of the caudal vertebral articular processes. Thoracolumbar spinal cord compression and ataxia was evident in the three dogs with aplasia but no clinical signs were evident in the dog with hypoplasia. The radiographic appearance was similar in all four cases, with aplasia or hypoplasia of the caudal articular facets at one or more intervertebral joints in the thoracolumbar region. Bone proliferation was evident secondary to an associated degenerative joint disease. Compensatory hyperplasia of the adjacent cranial articular facets and ligamentum flavum protruded into the vertebral canal, resulting in a compressive myelopathy observed by myelography and magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Penderis
- Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket CB8 7UU
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Garosi
- Centre for Small Animal Studies, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU
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32
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Abstract
A 13-month-old, neutered, male Golden retriever presented with seizures and progressive depression. Clinical and neurological assessment was consistent with severe intracranial disease. The neurological condition progressively deteriorated and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed the presence of a large, contrast-enhancing, space-occupyingmass in the right cerebral hemisphere. Therapy with corticosteroids, mannitol and furosemide ameliorated the signs of depression and ataxia, but the owner elected euthanasia after 1 week. Post mortem examination of the brain confirmed the presence of a large haemorrhagic lesion in the right olfactory lobe, the histopathological appearance of which was consistent with cerebral cavernous haemangioma. This is the 1st case describing the MRI appearance of a cavernous haemangioma of the cerebrum in the veterinary literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Schoeman
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK.
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33
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Zhao C, Sim FJ, Penderis J, Franklin RJM. The age-related decrease in CNS remyelination efficiency is caused by an impairment of both oligodendrocyte progenitor recruitment and differentiation. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2990.2002.39286_16.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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Abramson C, Garosi L, Platt S, Penderis J. Metabolic defect in Staffordshire bull terriers. Vet Rec 2001; 149:532. [PMID: 11708646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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35
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Jeffery ND, Penderis J, Smith PM, Franklin RJ. Bridging the divide: spinal cord repair by cellular transplantation--from research laboratory to therapeutic application. J Small Anim Pract 2001; 42:428-32. [PMID: 11570384 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2001.tb02495.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury remains a clinical problem for which new therapeutic options are required. Recent developments in spinal cord injury research have suggested that promotion of axonal regeneration by cellular transplantation may be a feasible future treatment modality and it is possible that small animal clinical patients may be the first to benefit from these new approaches. This article describes the experiments which have generated this optimism and considers the steps that will be required to make the transition from laboratory experiments to clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Jeffery
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge
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36
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Garosi LS, Dennis R, Penderis J, Lamb CR, Targett MP, Cappello R, Delauche AJ. Results of magnetic resonance imaging in dogs with vestibular disorders: 85 cases (1996-1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001; 218:385-91. [PMID: 11201565 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2001.218.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine results of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in dogs with vestibular disorders (VD) and correlate results of MR imaging with clinical findings. DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS 85 dogs. PROCEDURE Information on signalment, clinical signs, and presumptive lesion location was obtained from the medical records, and MR images were reviewed. RESULTS 27 dogs had peripheral VD, 37 had central VD, and 21 had paradoxical VD. Of the 27 dogs with peripheral VD, 11 (41%) had MR imaging abnormalities involving the ipsilateral tympanic bulla compatible with otitis media (6 also had abnormalities involving the petrous portion of the ipsilateral temporal bone compatible with otitis interna), 7 (26%) had MR imaging abnormalities compatible with middle ear neoplasia, 2(7%) had an ipsilateral cerebellopontine angle lesion, and 7 (26%) did not have MR imaging abnormalities. All dogs with central and paradoxical VD had abnormalities evident on MR images. Of the 37 dogs with central VD, 13 (35%) had an extra-axial lesion, 6 (16%) had an intra-axial lesion, and 18 (49%) had multiple intra-axial lesions. In 23 (62%) dogs with central VD, lesions on MR images corresponded with location suspected on the basis of clinical signs. Of the 21 dogs with paradoxical VD, 12 (57%) had an extra-axial lesion, 5 (24%) had an intra-axial lesion, and 4 (19%) had multiple intra-axial lesions. Location of lesions on MR images agreed with location suspected on the basis of clinical signs in 19 (90%) dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggest that MR imaging may be helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of VD in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Garosi
- Centre for Small Animal Studies, Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Suffolk, England
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37
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Abstract
Dyskinesias are disorders of the central nervous system that result in involuntary movements in a fully conscious individual. This report describes a disorder in a five-year-old male neutered bichon frise characterised by episodic involuntary skeletal muscle activity with normal levels of consciousness that bears some similarity to the previously described movement disorder in boxer puppies and to the human condition descriptively referred to as paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis. The disorder was differentiated from partial motor seizure activity by the character of the episodes, absence of identifiable preceding aura, absence of autonomic signs and the fact that multiple limbs were affected in a varying pattern without generalisation and loss of consciousness. Movement disorders are a well documented group of disorders in human neurology, but only rarely described in the veterinary literature. The purpose of this report is to contribute to an increased awareness of movement disorders within veterinary practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Penderis
- Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Newmarket
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- J Penderis
- Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Newmarket, United Kingdom
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- W M McKee
- Willows Referral Service, Shirley, Solihull, United Kingdom
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40
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Abstract
In a retrospective evaluation of 654 canine and feline myelograms, 58 were found to have been complicated by injection of the contrast medium into the subdural space. The medium was present predominantly dorsal to the spinal cord, with a sharp dorsal border and an undulating ventral border. Confirmation that this myelographic appearance was due to subdural localisation was achieved using fresh cadavers injected with contrast medium labelled with Indian ink. It was further showed that the dorsal accumulation of contrast medium was due to the denticulate ligaments which restricted the ventral extension of the contrast medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Penderis
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Bearsden
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41
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Queen JP, Coughlan AR, May C, Bennett D, Penderis J. Management of disc-associated wobbler syndrome with a partial slot fenestration and position screw technique. J Small Anim Pract 1998; 39:131-6. [PMID: 9551381 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1998.tb03617.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A previously unpublished surgical technique for the management of disc-associated wobbler syndrome is described. A series of 17 middle-aged dobermanns (mean age 7.4 years) with this condition were managed by a technique of partial slot fenestration and position screw fixation of the affected disc space (C6/7 in all cases). One patient was lost to follow-up and, of the remaining 16 cases, 13 improved following surgery (81 per cent). The three failures were a consequence of incorrect placement of one of the screws. Careful evaluation of immediate postoperative radiographs allows this problem to be identified; the screw can then be correctly repositioned with an immediate return to surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Queen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Animal Husbandry, University of Liverpool
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