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Arora C, Matic M, Bisceglia L, Di Chiaro P, De Oliveira Rosa N, Carli F, Clubb L, Nemati Fard LA, Kargas G, Diaferia GR, Vukotic R, Licata L, Wu G, Natoli G, Gutkind JS, Raimondi F. The landscape of cancer-rewired GPCR signaling axes. Cell Genom 2024; 4:100557. [PMID: 38723607 PMCID: PMC11099383 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
We explored the dysregulation of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) ligand systems in cancer transcriptomics datasets to uncover new therapeutics opportunities in oncology. We derived an interaction network of receptors with ligands and their biosynthetic enzymes. Multiple GPCRs are differentially regulated together with their upstream partners across cancer subtypes and are associated to specific transcriptional programs and to patient survival patterns. The expression of both receptor-ligand (or enzymes) partners improved patient stratification, suggesting a synergistic role for the activation of GPCR networks in modulating cancer phenotypes. Remarkably, we identified many such axes across several cancer molecular subtypes, including many involving receptor-biosynthetic enzymes for neurotransmitters. We found that GPCRs from these actionable axes, including, e.g., muscarinic, adenosine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and chemokine receptors, are the targets of multiple drugs displaying anti-growth effects in large-scale, cancer cell drug screens, which we further validated. We have made the results generated in this study freely available through a webapp (gpcrcanceraxes.bioinfolab.sns.it).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakit Arora
- Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marin Matic
- Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luisa Bisceglia
- Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Di Chiaro
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Natalia De Oliveira Rosa
- Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Carli
- Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lauren Clubb
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lorenzo Amir Nemati Fard
- Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giorgos Kargas
- Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe R Diaferia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Ranka Vukotic
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Roma, 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luana Licata
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Guanming Wu
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Gioacchino Natoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Francesco Raimondi
- Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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2
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Yun J, Saddawi-Konefka R, Goldenson B, Al-Msari R, Bernareggi D, Thangaraj JL, Tang S, Patel SH, Luna SM, Gutkind JS, Kaufman D. CHMP2A regulates broad immune cell-mediated antitumor activity in an immunocompetent in vivo head and neck squamous cell carcinoma model. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e007187. [PMID: 38702144 PMCID: PMC11086353 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer (NK) cells are key effector cells of antitumor immunity. However, tumors can acquire resistance programs to escape NK cell-mediated immunosurveillance. Identifying mechanisms that mediate this resistance enables us to define approaches to improve immune-mediate antitumor activity. In previous studies from our group, a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen identified Charged Multivesicular Body Protein 2A (CHMP2A) as a novel mechanism that mediates tumor intrinsic resistance to NK cell activity. METHODS Here, we use an immunocompetent mouse model to demonstrate that CHMP2A serves as a targetable regulator of not only NK cell-mediated immunity but also other immune cell populations. Using the recently characterized murine 4MOSC model system, a syngeneic, tobacco-signature murine head and neck squamous cell carcinoma model, we deleted mCHMP2A using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-out (KO), following orthotopic transplantation into immunocompetent hosts. RESULTS We found that mCHMP2A KO in 4MOSC1 cells leads to more potent NK-mediated tumor cell killing in vitro in these tumor cells. Moreover, following orthotopic transplantation, KO of mCHMP2A in 4MOSC1 cells, but not the more immune-resistant 4MOSC2 cells enables both T cells and NK cells to better mediate antitumor activity compared with wild type (WT) tumors. However, there was no difference in tumor development between WT and mCHMP2A KO 4MOSC1 or 4MOSC2 tumors when implanted in immunodeficient mice. Mechanistically, we find that mCHMP2A KO 4MOSC1 tumors transplanted into the immunocompetent mice had significantly increased CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells. NK cell, as well as fewer myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). CONCLUSIONS Together, these studies demonstrate that CHMP2A is a targetable inhibitor of cellular antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Yun
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Dept. of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Sanford Stem Cell Institute, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Robert Saddawi-Konefka
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Dept. of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Benjamin Goldenson
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Dept. of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Sanford Stem Cell Institute, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Riyam Al-Msari
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Davide Bernareggi
- Dept. of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jaya L Thangaraj
- Dept. of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Sanford Stem Cell Institute, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shiqi Tang
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sonam H Patel
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sarah M Luna
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Dept. of Pharmacology, University of California School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Dan Kaufman
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Dept. of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Sanford Stem Cell Institute, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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3
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Haderk F, Chou YT, Cech L, Fernández-Méndez C, Yu J, Olivas V, Meraz IM, Barbosa Rabago D, Kerr DL, Gomez C, Allegakoen DV, Guan J, Shah KN, Herrington KA, Gbenedio OM, Nanjo S, Majidi M, Tamaki W, Pourmoghadam YK, Rotow JK, McCoach CE, Riess JW, Gutkind JS, Tang TT, Post L, Huang B, Santisteban P, Goodarzi H, Bandyopadhyay S, Kuo CJ, Roose JP, Wu W, Blakely CM, Roth JA, Bivona TG. Focal adhesion kinase-YAP signaling axis drives drug-tolerant persister cells and residual disease in lung cancer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3741. [PMID: 38702301 PMCID: PMC11068778 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy is effective in many tumor types including lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer mortality. Paradigm defining examples are targeted therapies directed against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) subtypes with oncogenic alterations in EGFR, ALK and KRAS. The success of targeted therapy is limited by drug-tolerant persister cells (DTPs) which withstand and adapt to treatment and comprise the residual disease state that is typical during treatment with clinical targeted therapies. Here, we integrate studies in patient-derived and immunocompetent lung cancer models and clinical specimens obtained from patients on targeted therapy to uncover a focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-YAP signaling axis that promotes residual disease during oncogenic EGFR-, ALK-, and KRAS-targeted therapies. FAK-YAP signaling inhibition combined with the primary targeted therapy suppressed residual drug-tolerant cells and enhanced tumor responses. This study unveils a FAK-YAP signaling module that promotes residual disease in lung cancer and mechanism-based therapeutic strategies to improve tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Haderk
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Ting Chou
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Cech
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Celia Fernández-Méndez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científícas (CSIC) y Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Johnny Yu
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Victor Olivas
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ismail M Meraz
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dora Barbosa Rabago
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D Lucas Kerr
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Gomez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David V Allegakoen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Juan Guan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Khyati N Shah
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kari A Herrington
- Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Shigeki Nanjo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mourad Majidi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Whitney Tamaki
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yashar K Pourmoghadam
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julia K Rotow
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline E McCoach
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan W Riess
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tracy T Tang
- Vivace Therapeutics, Inc., 1500 Fashion Island Blvd., Suite 102, San Mateo, CA, USA
| | - Leonard Post
- Vivace Therapeutics, Inc., 1500 Fashion Island Blvd., Suite 102, San Mateo, CA, USA
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pilar Santisteban
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científícas (CSIC) y Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hani Goodarzi
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sourav Bandyopadhyay
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Calvin J Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeroen P Roose
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Collin M Blakely
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jack A Roth
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Trever G Bivona
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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4
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García-Sáez AJ, Domingos AI, Gutkind JS, Mattoo S, Du P. Many paths lead to immunology. Cell 2024; 187:2117-2119. [PMID: 38670068 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
While some people pore over the textbook and train through the classics of the field, many scientists come to immunology when they discover it intersecting with their "first love" interests. Five of these "accidental immunologists" tell us how they found their way to a fascination with the immune system.
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5
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Ravala SK, Adame-Garcia SR, Li S, Chen CL, Cianfrocco MA, Gutkind JS, Cash JN, Tesmer JJG. Structural and dynamic changes in P-Rex1 upon activation by PIP 3 and inhibition by IP 4. bioRxiv 2024:2023.09.15.557836. [PMID: 37745379 PMCID: PMC10515948 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.15.557836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
PIP3-dependent Rac exchanger 1 (P-Rex1) is abundantly expressed in neutrophils and plays central roles in chemotaxis and cancer metastasis by serving as a guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rac. The enzyme is synergistically activated by PIP3 and the heterotrimeric Gβγ subunits, but mechanistic details remain poorly understood. While investigating the regulation of P-Rex1 by PIP3, we discovered that Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 (IP4) inhibits P-Rex1 activity and induces large decreases in backbone dynamics in diverse regions of the protein. Cryo-electron microscopy analysis of the P-Rex1·IP4 complex revealed a conformation wherein the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain occludes the active site of the Dbl homology (DH) domain. This configuration is stabilized by interactions between the first DEP domain (DEP1) and the DH domain and between the PH domain and a 4-helix bundle (4HB) subdomain that extends from the C-terminal domain of P-Rex1. Disruption of the DH-DEP1 interface in a DH/PH-DEP1 fragment enhanced activity and led to a more extended conformation in solution, whereas mutations that constrain the occluded conformation led to decreased GEF activity. Variants of full-length P-Rex1 in which the DH-DEP1 and PH-4HB interfaces were disturbed exhibited enhanced activity during chemokine-induced cell migration, confirming that the observed structure represents the autoinhibited state in living cells. Interactions with PIP3-containing liposomes led to disruption of these interfaces and increased dynamics protein-wide. Our results further suggest that inositol phosphates such as IP4 help to inhibit basal P-Rex1 activity in neutrophils, similar to their inhibitory effects on phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K. Ravala
- Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sendi Rafael Adame-Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chun-Liang Chen
- Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Michael A. Cianfrocco
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - J. Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jennifer N. Cash
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - John J. G. Tesmer
- Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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6
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Chaim OM, Miki S, Prager BC, Ma J, Jeong AY, Lara J, Tran NK, Smith JM, Rich JN, Gutkind JS, Miyamoto S, Furnari FB, Brown JH. Gα12 signaling regulates transcriptional and phenotypic responses that promote glioblastoma tumor invasion. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22412. [PMID: 38104152 PMCID: PMC10725435 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In silico interrogation of glioblastoma (GBM) in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed upregulation of GNA12 (Gα12), encoding the alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein G12, concomitant with overexpression of multiple G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) that signal through Gα12. Glioma stem cell lines from patient-derived xenografts also showed elevated levels of Gα12. Knockdown (KD) of Gα12 was carried out in two different human GBM stem cell (GSC) lines. Tumors generated in vivo by orthotopic injection of Gα12KD GSC cells showed reduced invasiveness, without apparent changes in tumor size or survival relative to control GSC tumor-bearing mice. Transcriptional profiling of GSC-23 cell tumors revealed significant differences between WT and Gα12KD tumors including reduced expression of genes associated with the extracellular matrix, as well as decreased expression of stem cell genes and increased expression of several proneural genes. Thrombospondin-1 (THBS1), one of the genes most repressed by Gα12 knockdown, was shown to be required for Gα12-mediated cell migration in vitro and for in vivo tumor invasion. Chemogenetic activation of GSC-23 cells harboring a Gα12-coupled DREADD also increased THBS1 expression and in vitro invasion. Collectively, our findings implicate Gα12 signaling in regulation of transcriptional reprogramming that promotes invasiveness, highlighting this as a potential signaling node for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Meiri Chaim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, Biomedical Sciences Building, 9500 Gilman Drive #0636, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0636, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Shunichiro Miki
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Briana C Prager
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jianhui Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Y Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, Biomedical Sciences Building, 9500 Gilman Drive #0636, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0636, USA
| | - Jacqueline Lara
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, Biomedical Sciences Building, 9500 Gilman Drive #0636, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0636, USA
| | - Nancy K Tran
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, Biomedical Sciences Building, 9500 Gilman Drive #0636, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0636, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, Biomedical Sciences Building, 9500 Gilman Drive #0636, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0636, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, Biomedical Sciences Building, 9500 Gilman Drive #0636, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0636, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shigeki Miyamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, Biomedical Sciences Building, 9500 Gilman Drive #0636, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0636, USA
| | - Frank B Furnari
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joan Heller Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, Biomedical Sciences Building, 9500 Gilman Drive #0636, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0636, USA
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7
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Bracho-Valdés I, Cervantes-Villagrana RD, Beltrán-Navarro YM, Olguín-Olguín A, Escobar-Islas E, Carretero-Ortega J, Olivares-Reyes JA, Reyes-Cruz G, Gutkind JS, Vázquez-Prado J. Akt Is Controlled by Bag5 through a Monoubiquitination to Polyubiquitination Switch. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17531. [PMID: 38139359 PMCID: PMC10743781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The serine-threonine kinase Akt plays a fundamental role in cell survival, metabolism, proliferation, and migration. To keep these essential processes under control, Akt activity and stability must be tightly regulated; otherwise, life-threatening conditions might prevail. Although it is well understood that phosphorylation regulates Akt activity, much remains to be known about how its stability is maintained. Here, we characterize BAG5, a chaperone regulator, as a novel Akt-interactor and substrate that attenuates Akt stability together with Hsp70. BAG5 switches monoubiquitination to polyubiquitination of Akt and increases its degradation caused by Hsp90 inhibition and Hsp70 overexpression. Akt interacts with BAG5 at the linker region that joins the first and second BAG domains and phosphorylates the first BAG domain. The Akt-BAG5 complex is formed in serum-starved conditions and dissociates in response to HGF, coincident with BAG5 phosphorylation. BAG5 knockdown attenuated Akt degradation and facilitated its activation, whereas the opposite effect was caused by BAG5 overexpression. Altogether, our results indicate that Akt stability and signaling are dynamically regulated by BAG5, depending on growth factor availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Bracho-Valdés
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (I.B.-V.)
- Academic Department of Apparatus and Systems I, Deanship of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Av. Patria 1201, Zapopan 45129, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Daniel Cervantes-Villagrana
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (I.B.-V.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yarely Mabell Beltrán-Navarro
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (I.B.-V.)
| | - Adán Olguín-Olguín
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (I.B.-V.)
| | - Estanislao Escobar-Islas
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (I.B.-V.)
| | - Jorge Carretero-Ortega
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (I.B.-V.)
| | - J. Alberto Olivares-Reyes
- Department of Biochemistry, Cinvestav-IPN. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Reyes-Cruz
- Department of Cell Biology, Cinvestav-IPN. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - J. Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - José Vázquez-Prado
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (I.B.-V.)
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8
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Baqai U, Kurimchak AM, Trachtenberg IV, Purwin TJ, Haj JI, Han A, Luo K, Pachon NF, Jeon A, Chua V, Davies MA, Gutkind JS, Benovic JL, Duncan JS, Aplin AE. Kinome profiling identifies MARK3 and STK10 as potential therapeutic targets in uveal melanoma. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105418. [PMID: 37923138 PMCID: PMC10716579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most uveal melanoma cases harbor activating mutations in either GNAQ or GNA11. Despite activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway downstream of Gαq/11, there are no effective targeted kinase therapies for metastatic uveal melanoma. The human genome encodes numerous understudied kinases, also called the "dark kinome". Identifying additional kinases regulated by Gαq/11 may uncover novel therapeutic targets for uveal melanoma. In this study, we treated GNAQ-mutant uveal melanoma cell lines with a Gαq/11 inhibitor, YM-254890, and conducted a kinase signaling proteomic screen using multiplexed-kinase inhibitors followed by mass spectrometry. We observed downregulated expression and/or activity of 22 kinases. A custom siRNA screen targeting these kinases demonstrated that knockdown of microtubule affinity regulating kinase 3 (MARK3) and serine/threonine kinase 10 (STK10) significantly reduced uveal melanoma cell growth and decreased expression of cell cycle proteins. Additionally, knockdown of MARK3 but not STK10 decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Analysis of RNA-sequencing and proteomic data showed that Gαq signaling regulates STK10 expression and MARK3 activity. Our findings suggest an involvement of STK10 and MARK3 in the Gαq/11 oncogenic pathway and prompt further investigation into the specific roles and targeting potential of these kinases in uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Baqai
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alison M Kurimchak
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Isabella V Trachtenberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Timothy J Purwin
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jelan I Haj
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna Han
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kristine Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nikole Fandino Pachon
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Angela Jeon
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vivian Chua
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Benovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James S Duncan
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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9
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Arang N, Lubrano S, Ceribelli M, Rigiracciolo DC, Saddawi-Konefka R, Faraji F, Ramirez SI, Kim D, Tosto FA, Stevenson E, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Bogomolovas J, Molinolo AA, Swaney DL, Krogan NJ, Yang J, Coma S, Pachter JA, Aplin AE, Alessi DR, Thomas CJ, Gutkind JS. High-throughput chemogenetic drug screening reveals PKC-RhoA/PKN as a targetable signaling vulnerability in GNAQ-driven uveal melanoma. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101244. [PMID: 37858338 PMCID: PMC10694608 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most prevalent cancer of the eye in adults, driven by activating mutation of GNAQ/GNA11; however, there are limited therapies against UM and metastatic UM (mUM). Here, we perform a high-throughput chemogenetic drug screen in GNAQ-mutant UM contrasted with BRAF-mutant cutaneous melanoma, defining the druggable landscape of these distinct melanoma subtypes. Across all compounds, darovasertib demonstrates the highest preferential activity against UM. Our investigation reveals that darovasertib potently inhibits PKC as well as PKN/PRK, an AGC kinase family that is part of the "dark kinome." We find that downstream of the Gαq-RhoA signaling axis, PKN converges with ROCK to control FAK, a mediator of non-canonical Gαq-driven signaling. Strikingly, darovasertib synergizes with FAK inhibitors to halt UM growth and promote cytotoxic cell death in vitro and in preclinical metastatic mouse models, thus exposing a signaling vulnerability that can be exploited as a multimodal precision therapy against mUM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Arang
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Simone Lubrano
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Ceribelli
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | | | | | - Farhoud Faraji
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sydney I Ramirez
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Daehwan Kim
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Frances A Tosto
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Erica Stevenson
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Julius Bogomolovas
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alfredo A Molinolo
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Danielle L Swaney
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | | | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Dario R Alessi
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Craig J Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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10
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Burghi V, Paradis JS, Officer A, Adame-Garcia SR, Wu X, Matthees ESF, Barsi-Rhyne B, Ramms DJ, Clubb L, Acosta M, Tamayo P, Bouvier M, Inoue A, von Zastrow M, Hoffmann C, Gutkind JS. Gαs is dispensable for β-arrestin coupling but dictates GRK selectivity and is predominant for gene expression regulation by β2-adrenergic receptor. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105293. [PMID: 37774973 PMCID: PMC10641165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
β-arrestins play a key role in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) internalization, trafficking, and signaling. Whether β-arrestins act independently of G protein-mediated signaling has not been fully elucidated. Studies using genome-editing approaches revealed that whereas G proteins are essential for mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by GPCRs., β-arrestins play a more prominent role in signal compartmentalization. However, in the absence of G proteins, GPCRs may not activate β-arrestins, thereby limiting the ability to distinguish G protein from β-arrestin-mediated signaling events. We used β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) and its β2AR-C tail mutant expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells wildtype or CRISPR-Cas9 gene edited for Gαs, β-arrestin1/2, or GPCR kinases 2/3/5/6 in combination with arrestin conformational sensors to elucidate the interplay between Gαs and β-arrestins in controlling gene expression. We found that Gαs is not required for β2AR and β-arrestin conformational changes, β-arrestin recruitment, and receptor internalization, but that Gαs dictates the GPCR kinase isoforms involved in β-arrestin recruitment. By RNA-Seq analysis, we found that protein kinase A and mitogen-activated protein kinase gene signatures were activated by stimulation of β2AR in wildtype and β-arrestin1/2-KO cells but absent in Gαs-KO cells. These results were validated by re-expressing Gαs in the corresponding KO cells and silencing β-arrestins in wildtype cells. These findings were extended to cellular systems expressing endogenous levels of β2AR. Overall, our results support that Gs is essential for β2AR-promoted protein kinase A and mitogen-activated protein kinase gene expression signatures, whereas β-arrestins initiate signaling events modulating Gαs-driven nuclear transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Burghi
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Justine S Paradis
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Adam Officer
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sendi Rafael Adame-Garcia
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Xingyu Wu
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Edda S F Matthees
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, CMB - Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Barsi-Rhyne
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Dana J Ramms
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lauren Clubb
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Monica Acosta
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pablo Tamayo
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mark von Zastrow
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, CMB - Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
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11
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Gutkind JS, Faraji F, Ramirez S, Clubb L, Sato K, Quiroz PA, Galloway W, Mikulski Z, Hoang T, Medetgul-Ernar K, Marangoni P, Jones K, Officer A, Molinolo A, Kim K, Sakaguchi K, Califano J, Smith Q, Klein O, Tamayo P. YAP-Driven Malignant Reprogramming of Epithelial Stem Cells at Single Cell Resolution. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3426301. [PMID: 37961717 PMCID: PMC10635308 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3426301/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Tumor initiation represents the first step in tumorigenesis during which normal progenitor cells undergo cell fate transition to cancer. Capturing this process as it occurs in vivo, however, remains elusive. Here we employ cell tracing approaches with spatiotemporally controlled oncogene activation and tumor suppressor inhibition to unveil the processes underlying oral epithelial progenitor cell reprogramming into cancer stem cells (CSCs) at single cell resolution. This revealed the rapid emergence of a distinct stem-like cell state, defined by aberrant proliferative, hypoxic, squamous differentiation, and partial epithelial to mesenchymal (pEMT) invasive gene programs. Interestingly, CSCs harbor limited cell autonomous invasive capacity, but instead recruit myeloid cells to remodel the basement membrane and ultimately initiate tumor invasion. CSC transcriptional programs are conserved in human carcinomas and associated with poor patient survival. These findings illuminate the process of cancer initiation at single cell resolution, thus identifying candidate targets for early cancer detection and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farhoud Faraji
- University of California San Diego Health Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Moores Cancer Center
| | | | - Lauren Clubb
- University of California San Diego Health Moores Cancer Center
| | - Kuniaki Sato
- University of California San Diego Health Moores Cancer Center
| | | | - William Galloway
- University of California Irvine Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
| | | | - Thomas Hoang
- University of California San Diego Health Moores Cancer Center
| | | | - Pauline Marangoni
- Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Kyle Jones
- University of California San Francisco (UCSF)
| | - Adam Officer
- University of California San Diego Health Moores Cancer Center
| | | | | | | | | | - Quinton Smith
- University of California Irvine Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
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12
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Arora C, Matic M, DiChiaro P, Rosa NDO, Carli F, Clubb L, Fard LAN, Kargas G, Diaferia G, Vukotic R, Licata L, Wu G, Natoli G, Gutkind JS, Raimondi F. The landscape of cancer rewired GPCR signaling axes. bioRxiv 2023:2023.03.13.532291. [PMID: 37398064 PMCID: PMC10312480 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.13.532291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
We explored the dysregulation of GPCR ligand signaling systems in cancer transcriptomics datasets to uncover new therapeutics opportunities in oncology. We derived an interaction network of receptors with ligands and their biosynthetic enzymes, which revealed that multiple GPCRs are differentially regulated together with their upstream partners across cancer subtypes. We showed that biosynthetic pathway enrichment from enzyme expression recapitulated pathway activity signatures from metabolomics datasets, providing valuable surrogate information for GPCRs responding to organic ligands. We found that several GPCRs signaling components were significantly associated with patient survival in a cancer type-specific fashion. The expression of both receptor-ligand (or enzymes) partners improved patient stratification, suggesting a synergistic role for the activation of GPCR networks in modulating cancer phenotypes. Remarkably, we identified many such axes across several cancer molecular subtypes, including many pairs involving receptor-biosynthetic enzymes for neurotransmitters. We found that GPCRs from these actionable axes, including e.g., muscarinic, adenosine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and chemokine receptors, are the targets of multiple drugs displaying anti-growth effects in large-scale, cancer cell drug screens. We have made the results generated in this study freely available through a webapp (gpcrcanceraxes.bioinfolab.sns.it).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakit Arora
- Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marin Matic
- Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierluigi DiChiaro
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Natalia De Oliveira Rosa
- Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Carli
- Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lauren Clubb
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lorenzo Amir Nemati Fard
- Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giorgos Kargas
- Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Diaferia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Ranka Vukotic
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Roma, 67, 56126 Pisa
| | - Luana Licata
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Guanming Wu
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Gioacchino Natoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Francesco Raimondi
- Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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13
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Madan S, Sinha S, Chang T, Gutkind JS, Cohen EEW, Schäffer AA, Ruppin E. Pan-Cancer Analysis of Patient Tumor Single-Cell Transcriptomes Identifies Promising Selective and Safe Chimeric Antigen Receptor Targets in Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4885. [PMID: 37835579 PMCID: PMC10571718 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies have yielded transformative clinical successes for patients with blood tumors, but their full potential remains to be unleashed against solid tumors. One challenge is finding selective targets, which we define intuitively to be cell surface proteins that are expressed widely by cancer cells but minimally by healthy cells in the tumor microenvironment and other normal tissues. Analyzing patient tumor single-cell transcriptomics data, we first defined and quantified selectivity and safety scores of existing CAR targets for indications in which they are in clinical trials or approved. We then sought new candidate cell surface CAR targets that have better selectivity and safety scores than those currently being tested. Remarkably, in almost all cancer types, we could not find such better targets, testifying to the near optimality of the current target space. However, in human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), for which there is currently a dearth of existing CAR targets, we identified a total of twenty candidate novel CAR targets, five of which have both superior selectivity and safety scores. These newly identified cell surface targets lay a basis for future investigations that may lead to better CAR treatments in HNSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Madan
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.M.); (S.S.); (T.C.)
- Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Sanju Sinha
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.M.); (S.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Tiangen Chang
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.M.); (S.S.); (T.C.)
| | - J. Silvio Gutkind
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (J.S.G.); (E.E.W.C.)
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ezra E. W. Cohen
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (J.S.G.); (E.E.W.C.)
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alejandro A. Schäffer
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.M.); (S.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.M.); (S.S.); (T.C.)
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14
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Smith AE, Chan S, Wang Z, McCloskey A, Reilly Q, Wang JZ, Patel HV, Koshizuka K, Soifer HS, Kessler L, Dayoub A, Villaflor V, Adkins DR, Bruce JY, Ho AL, Perez CA, Hanna GJ, Gascó Hernández A, Saunders A, Dale S, Gutkind JS, Burrows F, Malik S. Tipifarnib Potentiates the Antitumor Effects of PI3Kα Inhibition in PIK3CA- and HRAS-Dysregulated HNSCC via Convergent Inhibition of mTOR Activity. Cancer Res 2023; 83:3252-3263. [PMID: 37339176 PMCID: PMC10543974 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Outcomes for patients with recurrent/metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are poor, with median overall survival (OS) ranging from 6 to 18 months. For those who progress on standard-of-care (chemo)immunotherapy, treatment options are limited, necessitating the development of rational therapeutic strategies. Toward this end, we targeted the key HNSCC drivers PI3K-mTOR and HRAS via the combination of tipifarnib, a farnesyltransferase (FTase) inhibitor, and alpelisib, a PI3Kα inhibitor, in multiple molecularly defined subsets of HNSCC. Tipifarnib synergized with alpelisib at the level of mTOR in PI3Kα- or HRAS-dependent HNSCCs, leading to marked cytotoxicity in vitro and tumor regression in vivo. On the basis of these findings, the KURRENT-HN trial was launched to evaluate the effectiveness of this combination in PIK3CA-mutant/amplified and/or HRAS-overexpressing R/M HNSCC. Preliminary evidence supports the clinical activity of this molecular biomarker-driven combination therapy. Combined alpelisib and tipifarnib has potential to benefit >45% of patients with R/M HNSCC. By blocking feedback reactivation of mTORC1, tipifarnib may prevent adaptive resistance to additional targeted therapies, enhancing their clinical utility. SIGNIFICANCE The mechanistically designed, biomarker-matched strategy of combining alpelisib and tipifarnib is efficacious in PIK3CA- and HRAS-dysregulated head and neck squamous carcinoma and could improve outcomes for many patients with recurrent, metastatic disease. See related commentary by Lee et al., p. 3162.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhiyong Wang
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | | | | | | | - Keiichi Koshizuka
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alan L. Ho
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Cesar A. Perez
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute at Florida Cancer Specialists, Orlando, Florida
| | | | | | | | | | - J. Silvio Gutkind
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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15
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Qualliotine JR, Nakagawa T, Rosenthal SB, Sadat S, Ballesteros-Merino C, Xu G, Mark A, Nasamran A, Gutkind JS, Fisch KM, Guo T, Fox BA, Khan Z, Molinolo AA, Califano JA. A Network Landscape of HPVOPC Reveals Methylation Alterations as Significant Drivers of Gene Expression via an Immune-Mediated GPCR Signal. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4379. [PMID: 37686653 PMCID: PMC10486378 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
HPV-associated oropharynx carcinoma (HPVOPC) tumors have a relatively low mutational burden. Elucidating the relative contributions of other tumor alterations, such as DNA methylation alterations, alternative splicing events (ASE), and copy number variation (CNV), could provide a deeper understanding of carcinogenesis drivers in this disease. We applied network propagation analysis to multiple classes of tumor alterations in a discovery cohort of 46 primary HPVOPC tumors and 25 cancer-unaffected controls and validated our findings with TCGA data. We identified significant overlap between differential gene expression networks and all alteration classes, and this association was highest for methylation and lowest for CNV. Significant overlap was seen for gene clusters of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) pathways. HPV16-human protein interaction analysis identified an enriched cluster defined by an immune-mediated GPCR signal, including CXCR3 cytokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11. CXCR3 was found to be expressed in primary HPVOPC, and scRNA-seq analysis demonstrated CXCR3 ligands to be highly expressed in M2 macrophages. In vivo models demonstrated decreased tumor growth with antagonism of the CXCR3 receptor in immunodeficient but not immunocompetent mice, suggesting that the CXCR3 axis can drive tumor proliferation in an autocrine fashion, but the effect is tempered by an intact immune system. In conclusion, methylation, ASE, and SNV alterations are highly associated with network gene expression changes in HPVOPC, suggesting that ASE and methylation alterations have an important role in driving the oncogenic phenotype. Network analysis identifies GPCR networks, specifically the CXCR3 chemokine axis, as modulators of tumor-immune interactions that may have proliferative effects on primary tumors as well as a role for immunosurveillance; however, CXCR3 inhibition should be used with caution, as these agents may both inhibit and stimulate tumor growth considering the competing effects of this cytokine axis. Further investigation is needed to explore opportunities for targeted therapy in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse R. Qualliotine
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Gleiberman Head and Neck Cancer Center, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Takuya Nakagawa
- Gleiberman Head and Neck Cancer Center, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Sara Brin Rosenthal
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sayed Sadat
- Gleiberman Head and Neck Cancer Center, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Guorong Xu
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Adam Mark
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Art Nasamran
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - J. Silvio Gutkind
- Gleiberman Head and Neck Cancer Center, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Fisch
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Theresa Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Gleiberman Head and Neck Cancer Center, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bernard A. Fox
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR 97213, USA
| | - Zubair Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Alfredo A. Molinolo
- Gleiberman Head and Neck Cancer Center, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joseph A. Califano
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Gleiberman Head and Neck Cancer Center, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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16
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Okamoto K, Ando T, Izumi H, Kobayashi SS, Shintani T, Gutkind JS, Yanamoto S, Miyauchi M, Kajiya M. AXL activates YAP through the EGFR-LATS1/2 axis and confers resistance to EGFR-targeted drugs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2023; 42:2869-2877. [PMID: 37591955 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02810-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway and its downstream effector YAP play a central role in cell proliferation. Dysregulation of the Hippo pathway triggers YAP hyperactivation, thereby inducing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Recently, we reported that EGFR promotes tyrosine phosphorylation of MOB1 and subsequent LATS1/2 inactivation, which are core components of the Hippo pathway, resulting in YAP activation. However, EGFR-targeted monotherapy has shown a low response rate in HNSCC patients. Given that YAP is activated in patient samples refractory to EGFR-targeted therapy, EGFR inhibitors may temporarily inactivate YAP, but intrinsic hyperactivation or acquired reactivation of YAP may confer resistance to EGFR inhibitors in HNSCC cells. The mechanism by which YAP is activated in HNSCC resistant to EGFR inhibitors remains unclear. Comprehensive transcriptional analysis revealed that AXL activates YAP through a novel mechanism: AXL heterodimerizes with EGFR, thereby activating YAP via the EGFR-LATS1/2 axis. The combination of AXL and EGFR inhibitors synergistically inactivates YAP and suppresses the viability of HNSCC and lung adenocarcinoma cells. In turn, LATS1/2 knockout and YAP hyperactivation confer resistance to the synergistic effects of these inhibitors. Our findings suggest that co-targeting both AXL and EGFR represent a promising therapeutic approach in patients with EGFR-altered cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Okamoto
- Department of Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshinori Ando
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Izumi
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Susumu S Kobayashi
- Division of Translational Genomics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tomoaki Shintani
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Souichi Yanamoto
- Department of Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Miyauchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mikihito Kajiya
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
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17
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Wu VH, Yung BS, Faraji F, Saddawi-Konefka R, Wang Z, Wenzel AT, Song MJ, Pagadala MS, Clubb LM, Chiou J, Sinha S, Matic M, Raimondi F, Hoang TS, Berdeaux R, Vignali DAA, Iglesias-Bartolome R, Carter H, Ruppin E, Mesirov JP, Gutkind JS. The GPCR-Gα s-PKA signaling axis promotes T cell dysfunction and cancer immunotherapy failure. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1318-1330. [PMID: 37308665 PMCID: PMC10735169 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01529-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) targeting PD-1 and CTLA-4 has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, many cancers do not respond to ICB, prompting the search for additional strategies to achieve durable responses. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most intensively studied drug targets but are underexplored in immuno-oncology. Here, we cross-integrated large singe-cell RNA-sequencing datasets from CD8+ T cells covering 19 distinct cancer types and identified an enrichment of Gαs-coupled GPCRs on exhausted CD8+ T cells. These include EP2, EP4, A2AR, β1AR and β2AR, all of which promote T cell dysfunction. We also developed transgenic mice expressing a chemogenetic CD8-restricted Gαs-DREADD to activate CD8-restricted Gαs signaling and show that a Gαs-PKA signaling axis promotes CD8+ T cell dysfunction and immunotherapy failure. These data indicate that Gαs-GPCRs are druggable immune checkpoints that might be targeted to enhance the response to ICB immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria H Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Septerna, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bryan S Yung
- Department of Pharmacology, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Farhoud Faraji
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
- UCSD Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert Saddawi-Konefka
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
- UCSD Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- UCSD Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexander T Wenzel
- UCSD Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Miranda J Song
- UCSD Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Meghana S Pagadala
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lauren M Clubb
- Department of Pharmacology, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Chiou
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Studies Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sanju Sinha
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marin Matic
- Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Thomas S Hoang
- Department of Pharmacology, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Berdeaux
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston and CellChorus INC, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ramiro Iglesias-Bartolome
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hannah Carter
- UCSD Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jill P Mesirov
- UCSD Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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18
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Faraji F, Ramirez SI, Clubb LM, Sato K, Quiroz PYA, Galloway WMG, Mikulski Z, Hoang TS, Medetgul-Ernar K, Marangoni P, Jones KB, Officer A, Molinolo AA, Kim K, Sakaguchi K, Califano JA, Smith Q, Klein OD, Tamayo P, Gutkind JS. Direct reprogramming of oral epithelial progenitor cells to cancer stem cells at single cell resolution in vivo. bioRxiv 2023:2023.07.24.550427. [PMID: 37546810 PMCID: PMC10402053 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.24.550427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor initiation represents the initial step in tumorigenesis during which normal progenitor cells undergo cell fate transition to cancer. Most studies investigating cancer-driving mechanisms in solid tumors rely on analyses of established malignant lesions, and thus cannot directly capture processes underlying the reprogramming of normal progenitor cells into cancer cells. Here, using spatiotemporally controlled oncogene expression in a genetically engineered system we demonstrate that concomitant YAP activation and HPV E6-E7 -mediated inhibition of tumor suppressive pathways is sufficient to rapidly reprogram oral epithelial progenitor cells (OEPCs) into cancer stem cells (CSCs). Single cell analyses of these nascent CSCs revealed hallmark transcriptional programs driving tumor initiation. Importantly, these CSC-enriched expression signatures distinguish normal tissue from malignant head and neck tumors and are associated with poor patient survival. Elucidating mechanisms underlying OEPC to CSC reprogramming may offer new insights to halt the conversion of premalignant cells into invasive carcinoma. HIGHLIGHTS YAP and HPV E6-E7 reprogram oral epithelial progenitor cells into cancer stem cells. Single cell analyses reveal the transcriptional architecture of tumor initiation.CSC transcriptional programs distinguish normal tissue from carcinoma.CSC signatures are associated with poor head and neck cancer survival. Abstract Figure
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19
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Wang S, Wu ZZ, Zhu SW, Wan SC, Zhang MJ, Zhang BX, Yang QC, Xiao Y, Li H, Mao L, Wang ZY, Gutkind JS, Sun ZJ. CTLA-4 blockade induces tumor pyroptosis via CD8 + T cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2154-2168. [PMID: 36869589 PMCID: PMC10362385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment has demonstrated excellent medical effects in oncology, and it is one of the most sought after immunotherapies for tumors. However, there are several issues with ICB therapy, including low response rates and a lack of effective efficacy predictors. Gasdermin-mediated pyroptosis is a typical inflammatory death mode. We discovered that increased expression of gasdermin protein was linked to a favorable tumor immune microenvironment and prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We used the mouse HNSCC cell lines 4MOSC1 (responsive to CTLA-4 blockade) and 4MOSC2 (resistant to CTLA-4 blockade) orthotopic models and demonstrated that CTLA-4 blockade treatment induced gasdermin-mediated pyroptosis of tumor cells, and gasdermin expression positively correlated to the effectiveness of CTLA-4 blockade treatment. We found that CTLA-4 blockade activated CD8+ T cells and increased the levels of interferon γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) cytokines in the tumor microenvironment. These cytokines synergistically activated the STAT1/IRF1 axis to trigger tumor cell pyroptosis and the release of large amounts of inflammatory substances and chemokines. Collectively, our findings revealed that CTLA-4 blockade triggered tumor cells pyroptosis via the release of IFN-γ and TNF-α from activated CD8+ T cells, providing a new perspective of ICB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Su-Wen Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shu-Cheng Wan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Meng-Jie Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bo-Xin Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qi-Chao Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hao Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Liang Mao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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20
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Pagadala M, Sears TJ, Wu VH, Pérez-Guijarro E, Kim H, Castro A, Talwar JV, Gonzalez-Colin C, Cao S, Schmiedel BJ, Goudarzi S, Kirani D, Au J, Zhang T, Landi T, Salem RM, Morris GP, Harismendy O, Patel SP, Alexandrov LB, Mesirov JP, Zanetti M, Day CP, Fan CC, Thompson WK, Merlino G, Gutkind JS, Vijayanand P, Carter H. Germline modifiers of the tumor immune microenvironment implicate drivers of cancer risk and immunotherapy response. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2744. [PMID: 37173324 PMCID: PMC10182072 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
With the continued promise of immunotherapy for treating cancer, understanding how host genetics contributes to the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is essential to tailoring cancer screening and treatment strategies. Here, we study 1084 eQTLs affecting the TIME found through analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas and literature curation. These TIME eQTLs are enriched in areas of active transcription, and associate with gene expression in specific immune cell subsets, such as macrophages and dendritic cells. Polygenic score models built with TIME eQTLs reproducibly stratify cancer risk, survival and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) response across independent cohorts. To assess whether an eQTL-informed approach could reveal potential cancer immunotherapy targets, we inhibit CTSS, a gene implicated by cancer risk and ICB response-associated polygenic models; CTSS inhibition results in slowed tumor growth and extended survival in vivo. These results validate the potential of integrating germline variation and TIME characteristics for uncovering potential targets for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Pagadala
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Timothy J Sears
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Victoria H Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Eva Pérez-Guijarro
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Hyo Kim
- Undergraduate Bioengineering Program, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Andrea Castro
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - James V Talwar
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - Steven Cao
- Division of Epidemiology, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | | | - Divya Kirani
- Undergraduate Biology and Bioinformatics Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jessica Au
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Tongwu Zhang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Rany M Salem
- Division of Epidemiology, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Gerald P Morris
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Olivier Harismendy
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Sandip Pravin Patel
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, Division of Hematology and Oncology, UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ludmil B Alexandrov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jill P Mesirov
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Maurizio Zanetti
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- The Laboratory of Immunology and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Chi-Ping Day
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Chun Chieh Fan
- Center for Population Neuroscience and Genetics, Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Wesley K Thompson
- Division of Biostatistics, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Glenn Merlino
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - Hannah Carter
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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21
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Jagadeeshan S, Prasad M, Badarni M, Lulu TB, Liju VB, Mathukkada S, Saunders C, Shnerb AB, Zorea J, Yegodayev KM, Wainer M, Vtorov L, Allon I, Cohen O, Gausdal G, Friedmann-Morvinski D, Cheong SC, Ho AL, Rosenberg AJ, Kessler L, Burrows F, Kong D, Grandis JR, Gutkind JS, Elkabets M. Mutated HRAS Activates YAP1-AXL Signaling to Drive Metastasis of Head and Neck Cancer. Cancer Res 2023; 83:1031-1047. [PMID: 36753744 PMCID: PMC10073343 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-2586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The survival rate for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) diagnosed with cervical lymph node (cLN) or distant metastasis is low. Genomic alterations in the HRAS oncogene are associated with advanced tumor stage and metastasis in HNC. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms by which mutated HRAS (HRASmut) facilitates HNC metastasis could lead to improved treatment options for patients. Here, we examined metastasis driven by mutant HRAS in vitro and in vivo using HRASmut human HNC cell lines, patient-derived xenografts, and a novel HRASmut syngeneic model. Genetic and pharmacological manipulations indicated that HRASmut was sufficient to drive invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. Targeted proteomic analysis showed that HRASmut promoted AXL expression via suppressing the Hippo pathway and stabilizing YAP1 activity. Pharmacological blockade of HRAS signaling with the farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib activated the Hippo pathway and reduced the nuclear export of YAP1, thus suppressing YAP1-mediated AXL expression and metastasis. AXL was required for HRASmut cells to migrate and invade in vitro and to form regional cLN and lung metastases in vivo. In addition, AXL-depleted HRASmut tumors displayed reduced lymphatic and vascular angiogenesis in the primary tumor. Tipifarnib treatment also regulated AXL expression and attenuated VEGFA and VEGFC expression, thus regulating tumor-induced vascular formation and metastasis. Our results indicate that YAP1 and AXL are crucial factors for HRASmut-induced metastasis and that tipifarnib treatment can limit the metastasis of HNC tumors with HRAS mutations by enhancing YAP1 cytoplasmic sequestration and downregulating AXL expression. SIGNIFICANCE Mutant HRAS drives metastasis of head and neck cancer by switching off the Hippo pathway to activate the YAP1-AXL axis and to stimulate lymphovascular angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Jagadeeshan
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Manu Prasad
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Mai Badarni
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Talal Ben Lulu
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Vijayasteltar Belsamma Liju
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Sooraj Mathukkada
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Claire Saunders
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Avital Beeri Shnerb
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Jonathan Zorea
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ksenia M Yegodayev
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Monica Wainer
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Liza Vtorov
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Irit Allon
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Institute of Pathology, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashqelon, Israel
| | - Ofir Cohen
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Dinorah Friedmann-Morvinski
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sok Ching Cheong
- Translational Cancer Biology, Cancer Research Malaysia, No. 1, Jalan SS12/1A, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Alan L Ho
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY and Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Ari J Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Dexin Kong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jennifer R Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Moshe Elkabets
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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22
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Hewitt N, Ma N, Arang N, Martin SA, Prakash A, DiBerto JF, Knight KM, Ghosh S, Olsen RHJ, Roth BL, Gutkind JS, Vaidehi N, Campbell SL, Dohlman HG. Catalytic site mutations confer multiple states of G protein activation. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eabq7842. [PMID: 36787384 PMCID: PMC10021883 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abq7842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) that function as molecular switches for cellular growth and metabolism are activated by GTP and inactivated by GTP hydrolysis. In uveal melanoma, a conserved glutamine residue critical for GTP hydrolysis in the G protein α subunit is often mutated in Gαq or Gα11 to either leucine or proline. In contrast, other glutamine mutations or mutations in other Gα subtypes are rare. To uncover the mechanism of the genetic selection and the functional role of this glutamine residue, we analyzed all possible substitutions of this residue in multiple Gα isoforms. Through cell-based measurements of activity, we showed that some mutants were further activated and inactivated by G protein-coupled receptors. Through biochemical, molecular dynamics, and nuclear magnetic resonance-based structural studies, we showed that the Gα mutants were functionally distinct and conformationally diverse, despite their shared inability to hydrolyze GTP. Thus, the catalytic glutamine residue contributes to functions beyond GTP hydrolysis, and these functions include subtype-specific, allosteric modulation of receptor-mediated subunit dissociation. We conclude that G proteins do not function as simple on-off switches. Rather, signaling emerges from an ensemble of active states, a subset of which are favored in disease and may be uniquely responsive to receptor-directed ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Hewitt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Nadia Arang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sarah A. Martin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ajit Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jeffrey F. DiBerto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kevin M. Knight
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Soumadwip Ghosh
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Current address: Illumina Inc, 5200 Illumina Way, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Reid H. J. Olsen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Current address: GPCR Pharmacology, Discovery Biology, Exscientia Ai, Oxford, UK OX4 4GE
| | - Bryan L. Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - J. Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nagarajan Vaidehi
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sharon L. Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Henrik G. Dohlman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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23
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Ruiz-Saenz A, Atreya CE, Wang C, Pan B, Dreyer CA, Brunen D, Prahallad A, Muñoz DP, Ramms DJ, Burghi V, Spassov DS, Fewings E, Hwang YC, Cowdrey C, Moelders C, Schwarzer C, Wolf DM, Hann B, VandenBerg SR, Shokat K, Moasser MM, Bernards R, Gutkind JS, van 't Veer LJ, Coppé JP. A reversible SRC-relayed COX2 inflammatory program drives resistance to BRAF and EGFR inhibition in BRAF V600E colorectal tumors. Nat Cancer 2023; 4:240-256. [PMID: 36759733 PMCID: PMC9970872 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00508-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BRAFV600E mutation confers a poor prognosis in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) despite combinatorial targeted therapies based on the latest understanding of signaling circuitry. To identify parallel resistance mechanisms induced by BRAF-MEK-EGFR co-targeting, we used a high-throughput kinase activity mapping platform. Here we show that SRC kinases are systematically activated in BRAFV600E CRC following targeted inhibition of BRAF ± EGFR and that coordinated targeting of SRC with BRAF ± EGFR increases treatment efficacy in vitro and in vivo. SRC drives resistance to BRAF ± EGFR targeted therapy independently of ERK signaling by inducing transcriptional reprogramming through β-catenin (CTNNB1). The EGFR-independent compensatory activation of SRC kinases is mediated by an autocrine prostaglandin E2 loop that can be blocked with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitors. Co-targeting of COX2 with BRAF + EGFR promotes durable suppression of tumor growth in patient-derived tumor xenograft models. COX2 inhibition represents a drug-repurposing strategy to overcome therapeutic resistance in BRAFV600E CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ruiz-Saenz
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Departments of Cell Biology & Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chloe E Atreya
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Changjun Wang
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Courtney A Dreyer
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Diede Brunen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anirudh Prahallad
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Denise P Muñoz
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dana J Ramms
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Valeria Burghi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Danislav S Spassov
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Eleanor Fewings
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yeonjoo C Hwang
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia Cowdrey
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christina Moelders
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cecilia Schwarzer
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Denise M Wolf
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Byron Hann
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scott R VandenBerg
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kevan Shokat
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark M Moasser
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - René Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laura J van 't Veer
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Coppé
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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24
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Gutkind JS. Abstract IA020: Targeting mTOR signaling in oral premalignant lesions: From bench to clinic and back. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6215.tacpad22-ia020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Despite encouraging recent results from novel treatment options, such as immunotherapy, for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), limited progress has been made in improving outcomes for most patients. Prevention and early detection are key to improving the prognosis of HNSCC. Our team has focused on decoding the oncogenic signaling circuitries driving HNSCC initiation and progression, aimed at identifying novel druggable targets to treat and prevent this aggressive malignancy. These efforts led to the early discovery that persistent activation of PI3K/mTOR signaling circuitry is the most frequent dysregulated signaling mechanism in HNSCC, and that in turn, the overreliance on PI3K/mTOR for HNSCC initiation and progression can be exploited for therapeutic purposes. Evidence will presented that mTOR inhibition exerts a potent antitumor activity in HNSCC patients in a recently reported window of opportunity clinical trial (NCT01195922). Thus, mTOR inhibitors can be considered for the prevention of HNSCC development and for the treatment of existing HNSCC lesions. However, their safety profile and tolerability may hamper their potential long-term use for HNSCC prevention. In this regard, we have shown that the repurposed drug metformin, which is safely used by millions of type 2 diabetes patients, decreases mTOR signaling in HNSCC and displays potent chemopreventive activity in experimental oral premalignancy models. Based on these findings, we have conducted a Phase IIa Clinical Trial using metformin for HNSCC prevention (NCT02581137) in patients with oral premalignant lesions (OPL), which was recently completed. Metformin administration resulted in mTOR inhibition, and improvement in the histological severity of 60% of the OPLs, including a subset (17%) of patients that exhibited complete responses. Ongoing experimental and planned clinical studies will be presented, which may provide a mechanistic framework for the use of metformin as a precision preventive agent for HNSCC.
Citation Format: J. Silvio Gutkind. Targeting mTOR signaling in oral premalignant lesions: From bench to clinic and back [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second Biennial NCI Meeting: Translational Advances in Cancer Prevention Agent Development (TACPAD); 2022 Sep 7-9. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2022;15(12 Suppl_2): Abstract nr IA020.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Silvio Gutkind
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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25
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Nathan CAO, Hayes DN, Karrison T, Harismendy O, Flores JM, Moore-Medlin T, Vokes EE, Gutkind JS, Neupane P, Mills G, Sargi Z, Seiwert T, Grilley-Olson J, Day T, Gillison M, Wade JL, Feldman L, Jha G, Kozloff M, O’ Leary M, Worden FP, Cohen EEW. A Randomized Multi-institutional Phase II Trial of Everolimus as Adjuvant Therapy in Patients with Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Cancer of the Head and Neck. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:5040-5048. [PMID: 36194164 PMCID: PMC9722644 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-4290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Investigate whether adjuvant everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, improves progression-free survival (PFS) in advanced-stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and provide outcomes related to correlative biological factors associated with disease control. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind phase II trial of patients with advanced-stage HNSCC from 13 institutions who were confirmed disease-free post-definitive therapy and enrolled between December 2010 and March 2015. Patients received adjuvant everolimus or placebo daily (10 mg, oral) for a maximum of 1 year. p16 IHC as a surrogate marker for human papillomavirus infection and whole-exome sequencing were performed. Cox proportional hazard models estimated hazard rates. Log-rank tests evaluated differences in survival. The primary endpoint was PFS. Secondary endpoints and objectives included overall survival (OS) and toxicity assessment. RESULTS 52 patients [median (range) age, 58 (37-76) years; 43 men (83%), 9 women (17%)] were randomized to placebo (n = 24) or everolimus (n = 28). PFS favored everolimus, but was not significant [log-rank P = 0.093; HR = 0.44; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.17-1.17]. There was no difference in OS (P = 0.29; HR = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.20-16.2). Everolimus resulted in significant improvement in PFS for p16-negative patients (n = 31; P = 0.031; HR = 0.26; 95% CI, 0.07-0.97), although subgroup analysis showed no difference for p16-positive patients (n = 21; P = 0.93). Further, PFS was significantly higher in TP53-mutated (TP53mut) patients treated with everolimus compared with placebo (log-rank P = 0.027; HR = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.06-0.95). No treatment difference was seen in patients with TP53 wild-type tumors (P = 0.79). CONCLUSIONS p16-negative and TP53mut patients may benefit from adjuvant treatment with everolimus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherie-Ann O. Nathan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health-Shreveport., Shreveport, LA
| | - D Neil Hayes
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Theodore Karrison
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Olivier Harismendy
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - José M. Flores
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Tara Moore-Medlin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health-Shreveport., Shreveport, LA
| | | | - J. Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Prakash Neupane
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Glenn Mills
- Department of Medicine, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - Zoukaa Sargi
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Tanguy Seiwert
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Terry Day
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Maura Gillison
- Viral Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - James L. Wade
- Department of Medicine, Decatur Memorial Hospital, Decatur, IL
| | - Lawrence Feldman
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Gautam Jha
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Mark Kozloff
- Department of Medicine, Ingalls Cancer Research Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Miriam O’ Leary
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Francis P. Worden
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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26
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Wood KC, Gutkind JS. Challenges and Emerging Opportunities for Targeting mTOR in Cancer. Cancer Res 2022; 82:3884-3887. [PMID: 36321262 PMCID: PMC9634680 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays a key role in normal and malignant cell growth. However, pharmacologic targeting of mTOR in cancer has shown little clinical benefit, in spite of aberrant hyperactivation of mTOR in most solid tumors. Here, we discuss possible reasons for the reduced clinical efficacy of mTOR inhibition and highlight lessons learned from recent combination clinical trials and approved indications of mTOR inhibitors in cancer. We also discuss how the emerging systems level understanding of mTOR signaling in cancer can be exploited for the clinical development of novel multimodal precision targeted therapies and immunotherapies aimed at achieving tumor remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris C. Wood
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J. Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
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27
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Ando T, Okamoto K, Shintani T, Yanamoto S, Miyauchi M, Gutkind JS, Kajiya M. Integrating Genetic Alterations and the Hippo Pathway in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma for Future Precision Medicine. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12101544. [PMID: 36294681 PMCID: PMC9604790 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations and dysregulation of signaling pathways are indispensable for the initiation and progression of cancer. Understanding the genetic, molecular, and signaling diversities in cancer patients has driven a dynamic change in cancer therapy. Patients can select a suitable molecularly targeted therapy or immune checkpoint inhibitor based on the driver gene alterations determined by sequencing of cancer tissue. This “precision medicine” approach requires detailed elucidation of the mechanisms connecting genetic alterations of driver genes and aberrant downstream signaling pathways. The regulatory mechanisms of the Hippo pathway and Yes-associated protein/transcriptional co-activator with PDZ binding motif (YAP/TAZ) that have central roles in cancer cell proliferation are not fully understood, reflecting their recent discovery. Nevertheless, emerging evidence has shown that various genetic alterations dysregulate the Hippo pathway and hyperactivate YAP/TAZ in cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Here, we summarize the latest evidence linking genetic alterations and the Hippo pathway in HNSCC, with the aim of contributing to the continued development of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Ando
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-82-257-5727
| | - Kento Okamoto
- Department of Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Shintani
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Souichi Yanamoto
- Department of Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Miyauchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - J. Silvio Gutkind
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mikihito Kajiya
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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28
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Bandekar SJ, Chen CL, Ravala SK, Cash JN, Avramova LV, Zhalnina MV, Gutkind JS, Li S, Tesmer JJG. Structural/functional studies of Trio provide insights into its configuration and show that conserved linker elements enhance its activity for Rac1. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102209. [PMID: 35779635 PMCID: PMC9372627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Trio is a large and highly conserved metazoan signaling scaffold that contains two Dbl family guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) modules, TrioN and TrioC, selective for Rac and RhoA GTPases, respectively. The GEF activities of TrioN and TrioC are implicated in several cancers, especially uveal melanoma. However, little is known about how these modules operate in the context of larger fragments of Trio. Here we show via negative stain electron microscopy that the N-terminal region of Trio is extended and could thus serve as a rigid spacer between the N-terminal putative lipid-binding domain and TrioN, whereas the C-terminal half of Trio seems globular. We found that regions C-terminal to TrioN enhance its Rac1 GEF activity and thus could play a regulatory role. We went on to characterize a minimal, well-behaved Trio fragment with enhanced activity, Trio1284-1959, in complex with Rac1 using cryo-electron microscopy and hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and found that the region conferring enhanced activity is disordered. Deletion of two different strongly conserved motifs in this region eliminated this enhancement, suggesting that they form transient intramolecular interactions that promote GEF activity. Because Dbl family RhoGEF modules have been challenging to directly target with small molecules, characterization of accessory Trio domains such as these may provide alternate routes for the development of therapeutics that inhibit Trio activity in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit J Bandekar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Chun-Liang Chen
- Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Sandeep K Ravala
- Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Jennifer N Cash
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Larisa V Avramova
- Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Mariya V Zhalnina
- Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - John J G Tesmer
- Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
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Saddawi-Konefka R, O'Farrell A, Faraji F, Clubb L, Allevato MM, Jensen SM, Yung BS, Wang Z, Wu VH, Anang NA, Msari RA, Schokrpur S, Pietryga IF, Molinolo AA, Mesirov JP, Simon AB, Fox BA, Bui JD, Sharabi A, Cohen EEW, Califano JA, Gutkind JS. Lymphatic-preserving treatment sequencing with immune checkpoint inhibition unleashes cDC1-dependent antitumor immunity in HNSCC. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4298. [PMID: 35879302 PMCID: PMC9314425 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31941-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the promise of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI), therapeutic responses remain limited. This raises the possibility that standard of care treatments delivered in concert may compromise the tumor response. To address this, we employ tobacco-signature head and neck squamous cell carcinoma murine models in which we map tumor-draining lymphatics and develop models for regional lymphablation with surgery or radiation. We find that lymphablation eliminates the tumor ICI response, worsening overall survival and repolarizing the tumor- and peripheral-immune compartments. Mechanistically, within tumor-draining lymphatics, we observe an upregulation of conventional type I dendritic cells and type I interferon signaling and show that both are necessary for the ICI response and lost with lymphablation. Ultimately, we provide a mechanistic understanding of how standard oncologic therapies targeting regional lymphatics impact the tumor response to immune-oncology therapy in order to define rational, lymphatic-preserving treatment sequences that mobilize systemic antitumor immunity, achieve optimal tumor responses, control regional metastatic disease, and confer durable antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Saddawi-Konefka
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Gleiberman Head and Neck Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Aoife O'Farrell
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Farhoud Faraji
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Gleiberman Head and Neck Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Clubb
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Shawn M Jensen
- Earle A Chiles Research Institute, Robert W Franz Cancer Research Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Bryan S Yung
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Victoria H Wu
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Shiruyeh Schokrpur
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Gleiberman Head and Neck Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Jill P Mesirov
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aaron B Simon
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UC Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Bernard A Fox
- Earle A Chiles Research Institute, Robert W Franz Cancer Research Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jack D Bui
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Sharabi
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Gleiberman Head and Neck Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ezra E W Cohen
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Gleiberman Head and Neck Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Joseph A Califano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Gleiberman Head and Neck Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Gleiberman Head and Neck Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Hingorani DV, Allevato MM, Camargo MF, Lesperance J, Quraishi MA, Aguilera J, Franiak-Pietryga I, Scanderbeg DJ, Wang Z, Molinolo AA, Alvarado D, Sharabi AB, Bui JD, Cohen EEW, Adams SR, Gutkind JS, Advani SJ. Monomethyl auristatin antibody and peptide drug conjugates for trimodal cancer chemo-radio-immunotherapy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3869. [PMID: 35790753 PMCID: PMC9256669 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31601-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Locally advanced cancers remain therapeutically challenging to eradicate. The most successful treatments continue to combine decades old non-targeted chemotherapies with radiotherapy that unfortunately increase normal tissue damage in the irradiated field and have systemic toxicities precluding further treatment intensification. Therefore, alternative molecularly guided systemic therapies are needed to improve patient outcomes when applied with radiotherapy. In this work, we report a trimodal precision cytotoxic chemo-radio-immunotherapy paradigm using spatially targeted auristatin warheads. Tumor-directed antibodies and peptides conjugated to radiosensitizing monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) specifically produce CD8 T cell dependent durable tumor control of irradiated tumors and immunologic memory. In combination with ionizing radiation, MMAE sculpts the tumor immune infiltrate to potentiate immune checkpoint inhibition. Here, we report therapeutic synergies of targeted cytotoxic auristatin radiosensitization to stimulate anti-tumor immune responses providing a rationale for clinical translational of auristatin antibody drug conjugates with radio-immunotherapy combinations to improve tumor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina V Hingorani
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Michael M Allevato
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Maria F Camargo
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jacqueline Lesperance
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Maryam A Quraishi
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Joseph Aguilera
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ida Franiak-Pietryga
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Daniel J Scanderbeg
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Alfredo A Molinolo
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- UC San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - Andrew B Sharabi
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- UC San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jack D Bui
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- UC San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ezra E W Cohen
- UC San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Stephen R Adams
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- UC San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Sunil J Advani
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- UC San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Yun J, Saddawi-Konefka R, Goldenson B, Al-msari R, Gutkind JS, Kaufman DS. Abstract 2107: CHMP2A regulates NK cell-mediated anti-tumor activity in a syngeneic HNSCC model. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-2107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a key effector in antitumor immunity. However, tumors often acquire resistance programs to escape NK cell-mediated immunosurveillance. Identifying targetable vulnerabilities that reinvigorate NK cell-driven antitumor immunity can enable new therapeutic strategies to improve NK cell-mediated anti-tumor activity. Previous studies from our group used a whole genome CRISPR-Cas9 screen that identified CHMP2A as a gene that mediates tumor-intrinsic resistance to NK cell cytotoxicity. CHMP2A is a member of the ESCRTIII complex and regulates secretion of tumor-derived chemokines and extracellular vehicles (EVs) that express NK cell-activating ligands MICA/B and TRAIL, which induce NK apoptosis. Previously, we demonstrated that the deletion of CHMP2A in glioblastoma and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) increases allogeneic NK cell-mediated killing both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we extend these studies to explore whether CHMP2A may serve as a targetable regulator of NK cell-mediated immunity. Employing our recently characterized syngeneic, tobacco-signature murine HNSCC model, 4MOSC (PMID: 31804466), we deleted CHMP2A in both the immune-responsive 4MOSC1 and immune-insensitive 4MOSC2 cell line. In vitro NK cell cytotoxicity assays reveal that 4MOSC1-CHMP2A-KO cells were more potently killed by NK cells compared to 4MOSC1-WT cells (53% increased cytotoxicity, p<0.001). In contrast, there was no significant difference in NK cell-mediated killing of 4MOSC2-WT versus CHMP2A-KO cells. Following orthotopic transplantation into immunocompetent hosts, we find that 4MOSC1-KO, but not 4MOSC2-WT, tumors spontaneously regress in vivo compared to wild type tumors (4MOSC1 KO with 80% regression, p=0.0476). Moreover, we find that NK cell depletion, achieved with systemic delivery of the blocking antibody PK136, was sufficient to reverse the complete response of 4MOSC1 tumors to anti CTLA-4 immune checkpoint inhibition (p<0.01), implying promise for combination therapeutic strategies in immunotherapy insensitive tumors. Ongoing studies are using IHC and mass cytometry (Cytof) to characterize the immune infiltrates to better define immune cell populations regulated by CHMP2A-mediated resistance of tumor cells to NK cell and possibly T-cell-mediated responses. Together, these studies demonstrate that CHMP2A provides a targetable, tumor-derived inhibitor of NK cell-driven antitumor immunity. Moreover, our preclinical model features HNSCC cell lines with variable sensitivity to CHMP2A-deletion to enable future studies to target key pathways to overcome resistance programs and mediate improved anti-tumor activity.
Citation Format: Jiyoung Yun, Robert Saddawi-Konefka, Benjamin Goldenson, Riyam Al-msari, J Silvio Gutkind, Dan S. Kaufman. CHMP2A regulates NK cell-mediated anti-tumor activity in a syngeneic HNSCC model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2107.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Yun
- 1University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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Allevato M, Yokoyama Y, Wild R, Gutkind JS. Abstract 3027: Elucidating the role of glutamine metabolism in head & neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, resulting in over 14,600 deaths each year in the United States alone. HNSCC is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, tobacco use, and abusive alcohol intake. Without truly effective targeted therapies, surgery and radiotherapy represent the primary treatment options for most patients. Unfortunately, these treatments are associated with significant morbidity and a reduction in quality of life. Immunotherapies have recently revolutionized HNSCC treatment, but <20% of patients exhibit clinical responses, albeit often not durable (Saddawi-Konefka et al. Frontiers in Oncology 2021). This highlights the unmet need to identify novel therapeutic options and biomarkers predicting a more favorable response to maximize the efficacy of targeted cancer strategies for HNSCC treatment. Glutamine is a conditionally essential amino acid for rapidly proliferating cancer cells making glutamine pathway inhibition an attractive approach for anti-cancer therapy. We found that treatment with the broad glutamine antagonist sirpiglenastat (DRP-104), which irreversibly inhibits all known enzymes involved in glutamine metabolism, results in metabolically halted cell growth in a large panel (n=8) of HPV- and HPV+ HNSCC cell lines (IC50 of 0.2-25uM). Interestingly, HNSCC cells bearing genetic alterations in PIK3CA and PTEN were significantly more sensitive to glutamine antagonism than unaltered HNSCC cells. The dependence of glutamine in HNSCC growth and the increased sensitivity of PIK3CA/PTEN aberrant cells was also observed in orosphere assays and HNSCC tumor xenografts in mice in vivo. We next explored the mechanism of glutamine suppression in HNSCC by integrating the results from genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout library screens and broad-spectrum metabolomics analysis. Both approaches converged on the identification of a dysregulated metabolic pathway that represents a synthetic lethal vulnerability that can be exploited via targeted therapies. Our data suggest that broad glutamine antagonism using sirpiglenastat (DRP-104) has therapeutic potential in HNSCC by dismantling cancer metabolism and sensitizing cells to additional perturbations leading to specific cell death. A clinical trial of sirpiglenastat (DRP-104) is currently ongoing (NCT04471415).
Citation Format: Michael Allevato, Yumi Yokoyama, Robert Wild, J. Silvio Gutkind. Elucidating the role of glutamine metabolism in head & neck squamous cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3027.
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Pagadala M, Wu V, Pérez-Guijarro E, Kim H, Castro A, Talwar J, Gonzalez-Colin C, Cao S, Schmiedel BJ, Sears T, Goudarzi S, Kirani D, Salem RM, Morris GP, Harismendy O, Patel SP, Mesirov JP, Zanetti M, Day CP, Fan CC, Thompson WK, Merlino G, Gutkind JS, Vijayanand P, Carter H. Abstract 3825: Germline modifiers of the tumor immune microenvironment reveal drivers of immunotherapy response. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
With the continued promise of immunotherapy as an avenue for treating cancer, understanding how host genetics contributes to the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is essential to tailoring cancer risk screening and treatment strategies. Using genotypes from over 8,000 European individuals in The Cancer Genome Atlas and 137 heritable tumor immune phenotype components (IP components), we identified and investigated 532 TIME-SNPs. Focusing on 77 variants that were relevant to cancer risk, survival, or treatment response, we explored their potential to reveal novel targets for immunotherapy. Many variants overlapped regions with histone marks indicating active transcription, and influenced gene activities in specific immune cell subsets, such as macrophages and dendritic cells. TIME-SNPs implicated genes such as LAIR1, TREX1, CTSS, CTSW and LILRB2 were differentially expressed between responders and non-responders to immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) in preclinical studies. Of these, LILRB2 and LAIR1 have already been identified as putative targets for immunotherapy. Here we found that inhibition of CTSS led to better tumor control and survival in murine models, alone or in combination with anti-PD-1. Collectively we show that through an integrative approach, it is possible to link host genetics to TIME characteristics, informing novel biomarkers for cancer risk and target identification in immunotherapy.
Citation Format: Meghana Pagadala, Victoria Wu, Eva Pérez-Guijarro, Hyo Kim, Andrea Castro, James Talwar, Cristian Gonzalez-Colin, Steven Cao, Benjamin J. Schmiedel, Timothy Sears, Shervin Goudarzi, Divya Kirani, Rany M. Salem, Gerald P. Morris, Olivier Harismendy, Sandip P. Patel, Jill P. Mesirov, Maurizio Zanetti, Chi-Ping Day, Chun C. Fan, Wesley K. Thompson, Glenn Merlino, J. Silvio Gutkind, Pandurangan Vijayanand, Hannah Carter. Germline modifiers of the tumor immune microenvironment reveal drivers of immunotherapy response [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3825.
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Rigiracciolo DC, Nohata N, Lappano R, Cirillo F, Talia M, Adame-Garcia SR, Arang N, Lubrano S, De Francesco EM, Belfiore A, Gutkind JS, Maggiolini M. Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK)-Hippo/YAP transduction signaling mediates the stimulatory effects exerted by S100A8/A9-RAGE system in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:193. [PMID: 35655319 PMCID: PMC9164429 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02396-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the intricate signaling network involved in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a challenge for developing novel therapeutic approaches. Here, we aim to provide novel mechanistic insights on the function of the S100A8/A9-RAGE system in TNBC. METHODS TNM plot analyzer, Kaplan-Meier plotter, Meta-analysis, GEPIA2 and GOBO publicly available datasets were used to evaluate the clinical significance of S100A8/A9 and expression levels of S100A8/A9, RAGE and Filamin family members in breast cancer (BC) subtypes. METABRIC database and Cox proportional hazard model defined the clinical impact of high RAGE expression in BC patients. Multiple bioinformatics programs identified the main enriched pathways within high RAGE expression BC cohorts. By lentiviral system, TNBC cells were engineered to overexpress RAGE. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, nucleus/cytoplasm fractionation, qRT-PCR, gene silencing and luciferase experiments were performed to identify signal transduction mediators engaged by RAGE upon stimulation with S100A8/A9 in TNBC cells. Proliferation, colony formation and transwell migration assays were carried out to evaluate the growth and migratory capacity of TNBC cells. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and independent t-tests. RESULTS We found a remarkable high expression of S100A8 and S100A9 in BC, particularly in HER2-positive and TNBC, with the latter associated to worst clinical outcomes. In addition, high RAGE expression correlated with a poor overall survival in BC. Next, we determined that the S100A8/A9-RAGE system triggers FAK activation by engaging a cytoskeleton mechanosensing complex in TNBC cells. Through bioinformatics analysis, we identified the Hippo pathway as the most enriched in BC patients expressing high RAGE levels. In accordance with these data, we demonstrated the involvement of S100A8/A9-RAGE-FAK signaling in the control of Hippo/YAP activities, and we established the crucial contribution of RAGE-FAK-YAP circuitry in the growth and migratory effects initiated by S100A8/A9 in TNBC cells. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides novel mechanistic insights on RAGE actions in TNBC. Moreover, our findings suggest that RAGE-FAK-YAP transduction pathway could be exploited as a druggable system halting the aggressive TNBC subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Cosimo Rigiracciolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Rosamaria Lappano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Francesca Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Marianna Talia
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | | | - Nadia Arang
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Simone Lubrano
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Antonino Belfiore
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy.
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Matic M, Singh G, Carli F, Oliveira Rosa ND, Miglionico P, Magni L, Gutkind JS, Russell RB, Inoue A, Raimondi F. PRECOGx: exploring GPCR signaling mechanisms with deep protein representations. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:W598-W610. [PMID: 35639758 PMCID: PMC9252787 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we show that protein language models can encode structural and functional information of GPCR sequences that can be used to predict their signaling and functional repertoire. We used the ESM1b protein embeddings as features and the binding information known from publicly available studies to develop PRECOGx, a machine learning predictor to explore GPCR interactions with G protein and β-arrestin, which we made available through a new webserver (https://precogx.bioinfolab.sns.it/). PRECOGx outperformed its predecessor (e.g. PRECOG) in predicting GPCR-transducer couplings, being also able to consider all GPCR classes. The webserver also provides new functionalities, such as the projection of input sequences on a low-dimensional space describing essential features of the human GPCRome, which is used as a reference to track GPCR variants. Additionally, it allows inspection of the sequence and structural determinants responsible for coupling via the analysis of the most important attention maps used by the models as well as through predicted intramolecular contacts. We demonstrate applications of PRECOGx by predicting the impact of disease variants (ClinVar) and alternative splice forms from healthy tissues (GTEX) of human GPCRs, revealing the power to dissect system biasing mechanisms in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Matic
- Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gurdeep Singh
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Centre, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,BioQuant, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesco Carli
- Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Natalia De Oliveira Rosa
- Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pasquale Miglionico
- Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Magni
- Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of CA, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Robert B Russell
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Centre, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,BioQuant, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Francesco Raimondi
- Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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Faraji F, Ramirez SI, Anguiano Quiroz PY, Mendez-Molina AN, Gutkind JS. Genomic Hippo Pathway Alterations and Persistent YAP/TAZ Activation: New Hallmarks in Head and Neck Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:1370. [PMID: 35456049 PMCID: PMC9028246 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents a highly prevalent and deadly malignancy worldwide. The prognosis for locoregionally advanced HNSCC has not appreciably improved over the past 30 years despite advances in surgical, radiation, and targeted therapies and less than 20% of HNSCC patients respond to recently approved immune checkpoint inhibitors. The Hippo signaling pathway, originally discovered as a mechanism regulating tissue growth and organ size, transduces intracellular and extracellular signals to regulate the transcriptional co-activators YAP and TAZ. Alterations in the Hippo pathway resulting in persistent YAP and TAZ activation have emerged as major oncogenic drivers. Our analysis of the human HNSCC oncogenome revealed multiple genomic alterations impairing Hippo signaling and activating YAP and TAZ, which in turn contribute to HNSCC development. This includes mutations and deletions of the FAT1 gene (29%) and amplification of the WWTR1 (encoding TAZ, 14%) and YAP1 genes (8%), together representing one of the most genetically altered signaling mechanisms in this malignancy. Here, we discuss key elements of the mammalian Hippo pathway, detail mechanisms by which perturbations in Hippo signaling promote HNSCC initiation and progression and outline emerging strategies to target Hippo signaling vulnerabilities as part of novel multimodal precision therapies for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhoud Faraji
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Gleiberman Head and Neck Cancer Center, University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Sydney I. Ramirez
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | - J. Silvio Gutkind
- Gleiberman Head and Neck Cancer Center, University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
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Gilardi M, Saddawi-Konefka R, Wu VH, Lopez-Ramirez MA, Wang Z, Soto F, Ramms DJ, Proietto M, Mikulski Z, Miki H, Sharabi A, Kupor D, Rueda R, Hollern DP, Wang J, Gutkind JS. Microneedle-mediated Intratumoral Delivery of Anti-CTLA-4 Promotes cDC1-dependent Eradication of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Limited irAEs. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:616-624. [PMID: 35086958 PMCID: PMC8983493 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) ranks sixth in cancer incidence worldwide and has a 5-year survival rate of only 63%. Immunotherapies-principally immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), such as anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies that restore endogenous antitumor T-cell immunity-offer the greatest promise for HNSCC treatment. Anti-PD-1 has been recently approved for first-line treatment of recurrent and metastatic HNSCC; however, less than 20% of patients show clinical benefit and durable responses. In addition, the clinical application of ICI has been limited by immune-related adverse events (irAE) consequent to compromised peripheral immune tolerance. Although irAEs are often reversible, they can become severe, prompting premature therapy termination or becoming life threatening. To address the irAEs inherent to systemic ICI therapy, we developed a novel, local delivery strategy based upon an array of soluble microneedles (MN). Using our recently reported syngeneic, tobacco-signature murine HNSCC model, we found that both systemic and local-MN anti-CTLA-4 therapy lead to >90% tumor response, which is dependent on CD8 T cells and conventional dendritic cell type 1 (cDC1). However, local-MN delivery limited the distribution of anti-CTLA-4 antibody from areas distal to draining lymphatic basins. Employing Foxp3-GFPDTR transgenic mice to interrogate irAEs in vivo, we found that local-MN delivery of anti-CTLA-4 protects animals from irAEs observed with systemic therapy. Taken together, our findings support the exploration of MN-intratumoral ICI delivery as a viable strategy for HNSCC treatment with reduced irAEs, and the opportunity to target cDC1s as part of multimodal treatment options to boost ICI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Gilardi
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Salk cancer center, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Nomis cancer center for immunology and microbial pathogenesis, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Robert Saddawi-Konefka
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Victoria H. Wu
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - Zhiyong Wang
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Fernando Soto
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dana J. Ramms
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Marco Proietto
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Zbigniew Mikulski
- Microscopy Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Haruka Miki
- Center of Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Andrew Sharabi
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Daniel Kupor
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ricardo Rueda
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Daniel P. Hollern
- Salk cancer center, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Nomis cancer center for immunology and microbial pathogenesis, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - J. Silvio Gutkind
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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38
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Saddawi-Konefka R, O’Farrell A, Faraji F, Allevato M, Wang Z, Wu V, Yung B, Anang NA, Franiak-Pietryga I, Simon A, Jensen S, Fox B, Sharabi A, Cohen E, Califano J, Silvio Gutkind J. 601 Sequencing immunotherapy before lymphatic ablation unleashes cDC1-dependent antitumor immunity in HNSCC. J Immunother Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundDespite the proven efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in the recurrent/metastatic setting for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), clinical trials of ICI combined with curative-intent therapies have yielded equivocal results [1–4]. Collectively, this highlights gaps in our understanding of rational immune oncology (IO) treatment sequencing and suggests that the efficacy ICI may be disrupted by standard therapies, which necessarily compromise regional lymphatics.MethodsWe employ a preclinical model of tobacco-signature HNSCC to identify sequences of therapy that maximize durable response. By mapping the cervical lymphatic basins in the mouse, we define patterns of active antitumor immunosurveillance. Additionally, we establish tumors with distinct patterns of regional lymphatic drainage and develop a murine neck dissection (ND) model.ResultsWe find that cervical lymphatic ablation, with ND or stereotactic body radiation therapy, in tumor bearing animals abolishes the response to ICI therapy, significantly impacting overall survival. Examination of the tumor immune microenvironment following ND reveals dramatic changes with a ten-fold increase in CD45 cells and exclusion of cytotoxic and antigen-specific lymphocytes. By examining the lymphatics removed at the time of ND, we find that conventional type I dendritic cells (cDC1s) and type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling are significantly increased, suggesting that these effectors are lost after curative-intent therapy. Depleting IFN-I or cDC1s blocks the response to ICI similar to lymphatic ablation. We find that successful primary response to ICI leads to durable immunity, conferred by systemically distributed memory T cells, not impaired by delayed ND. Lastly, we discover a rational IO treatment sequence by delivering neoadjuvant ICI followed by ND. Neoadjuvant ICI leads to complete tumor response, accumulation of nodal cDC1, and durable immunity. Surprisingly, the incidence of nodal metastasis at early timepoints reveals a similar burden of nodal disease between control and ICI-treated animals that decreases at late timepoints only with ICI treatment (44% vs 15%, n=25, p=0.033). This suggests that ICI also drives active immunosurveillance in regional, tumor-draining lymphatics, challenging the landmark findings from the definitive clinical trial demonstrating the benefit of elective versus therapeutic neck dissection for oral SCC patients with clinically negative necks.ConclusionsThis work demonstrates the necessity of preserving tumor-draining lymphatics during the tumor response to ICI therapy in HNSCC. Overall, we define rational IO treatment sequences to achieve optimal primary tumor response, durable antitumor immunity and immunosurveillance of regional metastatic disease. These findings can inform future clinical trials investigating combination IO therapy and treatment sequencing.ReferencesHarrington, K. J. et al. Nivolumab versus standard, single-agent therapy of investigator’s choice in recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (CheckMate 141): health-related quality-of-life results from a randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncology 18, 1104–1115 (2017).Burtness, B. et al. Pembrolizumab alone or with chemotherapy versus cetuximab with chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (KEYNOTE-048): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet (London, England) 394, 1915–1928 (2019).Lee, N. Y. et al. Avelumab plus standard-of-care chemoradiotherapy versus chemoradiotherapy alone in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 22, 450–462 (2021).D’Cruz, A. K. et al. Elective versus Therapeutic Neck Dissection in Node-Negative Oral Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine 373, 521–529 (2015).
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Swaney DL, Ramms DJ, Wang Z, Park J, Goto Y, Soucheray M, Bhola N, Kim K, Zheng F, Zeng Y, McGregor M, Herrington KA, O'Keefe R, Jin N, VanLandingham NK, Foussard H, Von Dollen J, Bouhaddou M, Jimenez-Morales D, Obernier K, Kreisberg JF, Kim M, Johnson DE, Jura N, Grandis JR, Gutkind JS, Ideker T, Krogan NJ. A protein network map of head and neck cancer reveals PIK3CA mutant drug sensitivity. Science 2021; 374:eabf2911. [PMID: 34591642 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf2911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Swaney
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA
| | - Dana J Ramms
- The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jisoo Park
- The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA.,Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yusuke Goto
- The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Margaret Soucheray
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA
| | - Neil Bhola
- The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kyumin Kim
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA
| | - Fan Zheng
- The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA.,Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yan Zeng
- The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael McGregor
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA
| | - Kari A Herrington
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Center for Advanced Light Microscopy at UCSF, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachel O'Keefe
- The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nan Jin
- The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nathan K VanLandingham
- The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Helene Foussard
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA
| | - John Von Dollen
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA
| | - Mehdi Bouhaddou
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA
| | - David Jimenez-Morales
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA
| | - Kirsten Obernier
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA
| | - Jason F Kreisberg
- The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA.,Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Minkyu Kim
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA
| | - Daniel E Johnson
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Jura
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Grandis
- The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Trey Ideker
- The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA.,Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Computer Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA
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40
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Zheng F, Kelly MR, Ramms DJ, Heintschel ML, Tao K, Tutuncuoglu B, Lee JJ, Ono K, Foussard H, Chen M, Herrington KA, Silva E, Liu S, Chen J, Churas C, Wilson N, Kratz A, Pillich RT, Patel DN, Park J, Kuenzi B, Yu MK, Licon K, Pratt D, Kreisberg JF, Kim M, Swaney DL, Nan X, Fraley SI, Gutkind JS, Krogan NJ, Ideker T. Interpretation of cancer mutations using a multiscale map of protein systems. Science 2021; 374:eabf3067. [PMID: 34591613 PMCID: PMC9126298 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf3067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A major goal of cancer research is to understand how mutations distributed across diverse genes affect common cellular systems, including multiprotein complexes and assemblies. Two challenges—how to comprehensively map such systems and how to identify which are under mutational selection—have hindered this understanding. Accordingly, we created a comprehensive map of cancer protein systems integrating both new and published multi-omic interaction data at multiple scales of analysis. We then developed a unified statistical model that pinpoints 395 specific systems under mutational selection across 13 cancer types. This map, called NeST (Nested Systems in Tumors), incorporates canonical processes and notable discoveries, including a PIK3CA-actomyosin complex that inhibits phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling and recurrent mutations in collagen complexes that promote tumor proliferation. These systems can be used as clinical biomarkers and implicate a total of 548 genes in cancer evolution and progression. This work shows how disparate tumor mutations converge on protein assemblies at different scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zheng
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Cancer Cell Map Initiative (CCMI), La Jolla and San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marcus R. Kelly
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Cancer Cell Map Initiative (CCMI), La Jolla and San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dana J. Ramms
- Cancer Cell Map Initiative (CCMI), La Jolla and San Francisco, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Marissa L. Heintschel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kai Tao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Beril Tutuncuoglu
- Cancer Cell Map Initiative (CCMI), La Jolla and San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - John J. Lee
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Keiichiro Ono
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Helene Foussard
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Michael Chen
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kari A. Herrington
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Center for Advanced Light Microscopy at UCSF, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Erica Silva
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sophie Liu
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christopher Churas
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nicholas Wilson
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Anton Kratz
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Cancer Cell Map Initiative (CCMI), La Jolla and San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rudolf T. Pillich
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Cancer Cell Map Initiative (CCMI), La Jolla and San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Devin N. Patel
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Cancer Cell Map Initiative (CCMI), La Jolla and San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jisoo Park
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Cancer Cell Map Initiative (CCMI), La Jolla and San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brent Kuenzi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Cancer Cell Map Initiative (CCMI), La Jolla and San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael K. Yu
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Katherine Licon
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Cancer Cell Map Initiative (CCMI), La Jolla and San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dexter Pratt
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jason F. Kreisberg
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Cancer Cell Map Initiative (CCMI), La Jolla and San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Minkyu Kim
- Cancer Cell Map Initiative (CCMI), La Jolla and San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Danielle L. Swaney
- Cancer Cell Map Initiative (CCMI), La Jolla and San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Xiaolin Nan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Knight Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Stephanie I. Fraley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - J. Silvio Gutkind
- Cancer Cell Map Initiative (CCMI), La Jolla and San Francisco, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nevan J. Krogan
- Cancer Cell Map Initiative (CCMI), La Jolla and San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Trey Ideker
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Cancer Cell Map Initiative (CCMI), La Jolla and San Francisco, CA, USA
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Ramms DJ, Raimondi F, Arang N, Herberg FW, Taylor SS, Gutkind JS. G αs-Protein Kinase A (PKA) Pathway Signalopathies: The Emerging Genetic Landscape and Therapeutic Potential of Human Diseases Driven by Aberrant G αs-PKA Signaling. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:155-197. [PMID: 34663687 PMCID: PMC11060502 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the fundamental concepts of signal transduction and kinase activity are attributed to the discovery and crystallization of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, or protein kinase A. PKA is one of the best-studied kinases in human biology, with emphasis in biochemistry and biophysics, all the way to metabolism, hormone action, and gene expression regulation. It is surprising, however, that our understanding of PKA's role in disease is largely underappreciated. Although genetic mutations in the PKA holoenzyme are known to cause diseases such as Carney complex, Cushing syndrome, and acrodysostosis, the story largely stops there. With the recent explosion of genomic medicine, we can finally appreciate the broader role of the Gαs-PKA pathway in disease, with contributions from aberrant functioning G proteins and G protein-coupled receptors, as well as multiple alterations in other pathway components and negative regulators. Together, these represent a broad family of diseases we term the Gαs-PKA pathway signalopathies. The Gαs-PKA pathway signalopathies encompass diseases caused by germline, postzygotic, and somatic mutations in the Gαs-PKA pathway, with largely endocrine and neoplastic phenotypes. Here, we present a signaling-centric review of Gαs-PKA-driven pathophysiology and integrate computational and structural analysis to identify mutational themes commonly exploited by the Gαs-PKA pathway signalopathies. Major mutational themes include hotspot activating mutations in Gαs, encoded by GNAS, and mutations that destabilize the PKA holoenzyme. With this review, we hope to incite further study and ultimately the development of new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of a wide range of human diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Little recognition is given to the causative role of Gαs-PKA pathway dysregulation in disease, with effects ranging from infectious disease, endocrine syndromes, and many cancers, yet these disparate diseases can all be understood by common genetic themes and biochemical signaling connections. By highlighting these common pathogenic mechanisms and bridging multiple disciplines, important progress can be made toward therapeutic advances in treating Gαs-PKA pathway-driven disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana J Ramms
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Francesco Raimondi
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Nadia Arang
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Friedrich W Herberg
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Susan S Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
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Norgard RJ, Pitarresi JR, Maddipati R, Aiello‐Couzo NM, Balli D, Li J, Yamazoe T, Wengyn MD, Millstein ID, Folkert IW, Rosario‐Berrios DN, Kim I, Bassett JB, Payne R, Berry CT, Feng X, Sun K, Cioffi M, Chakraborty P, Jolly MK, Gutkind JS, Lyden D, Freedman BD, Foskett JK, Rustgi AK, Stanger BZ. Calcium signaling induces a partial EMT. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51872. [PMID: 34324787 PMCID: PMC8419705 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial plasticity, or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), is a well-recognized form of cellular plasticity, which endows tumor cells with invasive properties and alters their sensitivity to various agents, thus representing a major challenge to cancer therapy. It is increasingly accepted that carcinoma cells exist along a continuum of hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal (E-M) states and that cells exhibiting such partial EMT (P-EMT) states have greater metastatic competence than those characterized by either extreme (E or M). We described recently a P-EMT program operating in vivo by which carcinoma cells lose their epithelial state through post-translational programs. Here, we investigate the underlying mechanisms and report that prolonged calcium signaling induces a P-EMT characterized by the internalization of membrane-associated E-cadherin (ECAD) and other epithelial proteins as well as an increase in cellular migration and invasion. Signaling through Gαq-associated G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) recapitulates these effects, which operate through the downstream activation of calmodulin-Camk2b signaling. These results implicate calcium signaling as a trigger for the acquisition of hybrid/partial epithelial-mesenchymal states in carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Norgard
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Jason R Pitarresi
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Ravikanth Maddipati
- Department of Internal Medicine and Children’s Research InstituteUT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - Nicole M Aiello‐Couzo
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - David Balli
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Jinyang Li
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Taiji Yamazoe
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Maximilian D Wengyn
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Ian D Millstein
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Ian W Folkert
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of SurgeryHospital of the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | | | - Il‐Kyu Kim
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Jared B Bassett
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Riley Payne
- Department of PhysiologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Corbett T Berry
- Department of PathobiologySchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Xiaodong Feng
- Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and ManagementWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Kathryn Sun
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Michele Cioffi
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation LaboratoriesDepartments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental BiologyDrukier Institute for Children’s HealthMeyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Priyanka Chakraborty
- Centre for BioSystems Science and EngineeringIndian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and EngineeringIndian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - David Lyden
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation LaboratoriesDepartments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental BiologyDrukier Institute for Children’s HealthMeyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Bruce D Freedman
- Department of PathobiologySchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - J Kevin Foskett
- Department of PhysiologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Digestive and Liver DiseasesDepartment of MedicineHerbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer CenterVagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Ben Z Stanger
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
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43
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Paradis JS, Acosta M, Saddawi-Konefka R, Kishore A, Lubrano S, Gomes F, Arang N, Tiago M, Coma S, Wu X, Ford K, Day CP, Merlino G, Mali P, Pachter JA, Sato T, Aplin AE, Gutkind JS. Correction: Synthetic Lethal Screens Reveal Cotargeting FAK and MEK as a Multimodal Precision Therapy for GNAQ-Driven Uveal Melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:4664. [PMID: 34389658 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-2433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gutkind JS, Molinolo A, Wu X, Wang Z, Nachmanson D, Harismendy O, Alexandrov LB, Wuertz BR, Ondrey FG, Laronde DM, Rock LD, Rosin MP, Coffey CS, Butler VD, Bengtson L, Hsu CH, Bauman JE, Hewitt SM, Cohen EE, Chow HHS, Lippman SM, Szabo E. Inhibition of mTOR signaling and clinical activity of metformin in oral premalignant lesions. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e147096. [PMID: 34255745 PMCID: PMC8492350 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.147096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aberrant activation of the PI3K/mTOR signaling circuitry is one of the most frequently dysregulated signaling events in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Here, we conducted a single-arm, open-label phase IIa clinical trial in individuals with oral premalignant lesions (OPLs) to explore the potential of metformin to target PI3K/mTOR signaling for HNSCC prevention. METHODS Individuals with OPLs, but who were otherwise healthy and without diabetes, underwent pretreatment and posttreatment clinical exam and biopsy. Participants received metformin for 12 weeks (week 1, 500 mg; week 2, 1000 mg; weeks 3–12, 2000 mg daily). Pretreatment and posttreatment biopsies, saliva, and blood were obtained for biomarker analysis, including IHC assessment of mTOR signaling and exome sequencing. RESULTS Twenty-three participants were evaluable for response. The clinical response rate (defined as a ≥50% reduction in lesion size) was 17%. Although lower than the proposed threshold for favorable clinical response, the histological response rate (improvement in histological grade) was 60%, including 17% complete responses and 43% partial responses. Logistic regression analysis revealed that when compared with never smokers, current and former smokers had statistically significantly increased histological responses (P = 0.016). Remarkably, a significant correlation existed between decreased mTOR activity (pS6 IHC staining) in the basal epithelial layers of OPLs and the histological (P = 0.04) and clinical (P = 0.01) responses. CONCLUSION To our knowledge this is the first phase II trial of metformin in individuals with OPLs, providing evidence that metformin administration results in encouraging histological responses and mTOR pathway modulation, thus supporting its further investigation as a chemopreventive agent. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02581137 FUNDING NIH contract HHSN261201200031I, grants R01DE026644 and R01DE026870
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Affiliation(s)
- J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Alfredo Molinolo
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Xingyu Wu
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Daniela Nachmanson
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Olivier Harismendy
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Ludmil B Alexandrov
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | | | - Frank G Ondrey
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States of America
| | - Denise M Laronde
- Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, United States of America
| | - Leigha D Rock
- British Columbia Agency Research Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Miriam P Rosin
- British Columbia Agency Research Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Charles S Coffey
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Valerie D Butler
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, United States of America
| | - Lisa Bengtson
- National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Chiu-Hsieh Hsu
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, United States of America
| | - Julie E Bauman
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, United States of America
| | - Stephen M Hewitt
- National Cancer Institute Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Ezra Ew Cohen
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - H H Sherry Chow
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, United States of America
| | - Scott M Lippman
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Eva Szabo
- National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, United States of America
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Gilardi M, Wang Z, Wu VH, Lopez-Ramirez MA, Soto-Alvarez F, Saddawi-Konefka R, Steffen D, Proietto M, Mikulski Z, Miki H, Narayanan JS, Molinolo A, Wang J, Gutkind JS. Abstract 1610: Local delivery of anti CTLA4 mediates cDC1 dependent eradication of HNSCC with limited IRAEs in a preclinical model of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-1610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) ranks 6th in cancer incidence worldwide and has a five-year survival rate of only 63%. Despite advances in curative-intent therapies over the past three decades, rates of recurrence exceed 50% and long-term toxicities remain unacceptably morbid. Immunotherapies - principally immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) such as αPD-1 and αCTLA-41 antibodies which restore endogenous antitumor T cell immunity - offer the greatest promise for achieving durable response in HNSCC. However, the clinical application of ICI has been limited by immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which is a consequence of compromised peripheral immune tolerance after ICI therapy. Although irAEs are often reversible they can become severe, at best prompting premature termination of therapy or at worst becoming life-threatening. To address the off-target irAEs inherent to systemic ICI therapy, we developed a novel, local delivery strategy based upon an array of soluble microneedles (MN). Leveraging our recently reported syngeneic, tobacco-signature murine HNSCC model, we characterized the αCTLA-41 anti-tumor response as both CD8 T cell- and conventional dendritic cell type 1-dependent. When comparing αCTLA-4 therapy delivered in the traditional systemic format or with our local-MN delivery system, we found that while both routes of delivery led to >90% tumor responses, local-MN delivery achieved responses with lower total dosing while also limiting distribution of αCTLA-41 antibody from areas distal to draining lymphatic basins. Employing the previously described Foxp3-GFP-DTR GEMM developed for interrogation of murine irAEs, we found that local-MN protected animals from irAEs observed with systemic therapy. Taken together, our findings support the exploration of the microneedle array as a viable delivery strategy for ICI treatment in HNSCC.
Citation Format: Mara Gilardi, Zhiyong Wang, Victoria H. Wu, Miguel Angel Lopez-Ramirez, Fernando Soto-Alvarez, Robert Saddawi-Konefka, Dana Steffen, Marco Proietto, Zbigniew Mikulski, Haruka Miki, Jayanth Shankara Narayanan, Alfredo Molinolo, Joseph Wang, J. Silvio Gutkind. Local delivery of anti CTLA4 mediates cDC1 dependent eradication of HNSCC with limited IRAEs in a preclinical model of oral squamous cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1610.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Gilardi
- 1University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- 2University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | | | | | | | | | - Dana Steffen
- 2University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joseph Wang
- 2University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
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Coma S, Paradis JS, Gutkind JS, Pachter JA. Abstract 1425: Synergistic antitumor efficacy of the dual RAF/MEK inhibitor VS-6766 with FAK inhibition for treatment of RAS-dependent solid tumors. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway is the most mutated oncogenic pathway in cancer, and RAS pathway mutations often present with an overall worse prognosis. Although RAF and MEK have been validated as anticancer targets and several BRAF and MEK inhibitors (MEKi) are FDA approved, acquired resistance develops in most patients. Preclinically, inhibition of RAF or MEK has been found to activate focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling which may bypass RAS pathway blockade by driving tumor growth through activation of downstream pathways such as RhoA and YAP. VS-6766 is a unique dual RAF/MEK inhibitor which allows VS-6766 to block MEK signaling without the compensatory MEK activation that limits the efficacy of other MEK inhibitors. Defactinib is a selective FAK inhibitor (FAKi). Clinical studies are ongoing evaluating VS-6766 and defactinib for the treatment of various solid tumors. In 3D proliferation assays in vitro, defactinib was synergistic with VS-6766 or trametinib (MEKi) in reducing viability of several human tumor cell lines, including KRAS mutant (mt) ovarian cancer (TOV-21G) and KRAS-G12V mt non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC; H441). We next investigated whether FAKi augments the efficacy of VS-6766 in solid tumor models. Combination of a FAKi with VS-6766 in a KRAS mt ovarian xenograft model (TOV21G) induced >30% tumor regression in 9/10 mice, whereas each agent alone induced mainly tumor stasis (>30% tumor regression with FAKi monotherapy or VS-6766 monotherapy in 1/10 and 3/10 mice, respectively) following 11 days of treatment. Similar results were observed in KRAS mt NSCLC (H2122) and GNAQ mt uveal melanoma (92.1) models in which the combination of FAKi with VS-6766 or trametinib induced tumor regression. In several patients with KRAS mt tumors, sequential biopsies showed that treatment with VS-6766 induced FAK activation (pY397) as a potential resistance mechanism, and this increased FAK activation was reversed in the presence of the defactinib/VS-6766 combination. Accordingly, the combination of VS-6766 with defactinib showed clinical activity in low grade serous ovarian cancer (LGSOC; ORR = 56% in KRAS-G12 mt and ORR = 41% in all 17 LGSOC patients; 8/17/20 data cut off). Importantly, the combination of defactinib with VS-6766 also induced responses in patients who had progressed on previous MEK inhibitor regimens. VS-6766 with defactinib also showed clinical activity in KRAS-G12V mt NSCLC. Furthermore, this combination regimen of VS-6766 with defactinib exhibited a manageable safety profile with no patients discontinuing for adverse events (NCT03875820). These preclinical and clinical data support the recent initiation of two registration-directed studies evaluating VS-6766 ± defactinib for the treatment of recurrent LGSOC with or without a KRAS mutation (NCT04625270) and recurrent NSCLC with KRAS-G12V or other KRAS mutation (NCT04620330).
Citation Format: Silvia Coma, Justine S. Paradis, J Silvio Gutkind, Jonathan A. Pachter. Synergistic antitumor efficacy of the dual RAF/MEK inhibitor VS-6766 with FAK inhibition for treatment of RAS-dependent solid tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1425.
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Arang N, Gutkind JS. G Protein-Coupled receptors and heterotrimeric G proteins as cancer drivers. FEBS Lett 2021; 594:4201-4232. [PMID: 33270228 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and heterotrimeric G proteins play central roles in a diverse array of cellular processes. As such, dysregulation of GPCRs and their coupled heterotrimeric G proteins can dramatically alter the signalling landscape and functional state of a cell. Consistent with their fundamental physiological functions, GPCRs and their effector heterotrimeric G proteins are implicated in some of the most prevalent human diseases, including a complex disease such as cancer that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. GPCR/G protein-mediated signalling impacts oncogenesis at multiple levels by regulating tumour angiogenesis, immune evasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Here, we summarize the growing body of research on GPCRs and their effector heterotrimeric G proteins as drivers of cancer initiation and progression, and as emerging antitumoural therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Arang
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Paradis JS, Acosta M, Saddawi-Konefka R, Kishore A, Gomes F, Arang N, Tiago M, Coma S, Lubrano S, Wu X, Ford K, Day CP, Merlino G, Mali P, Pachter JA, Sato T, Aplin AE, Gutkind JS. Synthetic Lethal Screens Reveal Cotargeting FAK and MEK as a Multimodal Precision Therapy for GNAQ-Driven Uveal Melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:3190-3200. [PMID: 33568347 PMCID: PMC8895627 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Uveal melanoma is the most common eye cancer in adults. Approximately 50% of patients with uveal melanoma develop metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM) in the liver, even after successful treatment of the primary lesions. mUM is refractory to current chemo- and immune-therapies, and most mUM patients die within a year. Uveal melanoma is characterized by gain-of-function mutations in GNAQ/GNA11, encoding Gαq proteins. We have recently shown that the Gαq-oncogenic signaling circuitry involves a noncanonical pathway distinct from the classical activation of PLCβ and MEK-ERK. GNAQ promotes the activation of YAP1, a key oncogenic driver, through focal adhesion kinase (FAK), thereby identifying FAK as a druggable signaling hub downstream from GNAQ. However, targeted therapies often activate compensatory resistance mechanisms leading to cancer relapse and treatment failure. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed a kinome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 sgRNA screen to identify synthetic lethal gene interactions that can be exploited therapeutically. Candidate adaptive resistance mechanisms were investigated by cotargeting strategies in uveal melanoma and mUM in vitro and in vivo experimental systems. RESULTS sgRNAs targeting the PKC and MEK-ERK signaling pathways were significantly depleted after FAK inhibition, with ERK activation representing a predominant resistance mechanism. Pharmacologic inhibition of MEK and FAK showed remarkable synergistic growth-inhibitory effects in uveal melanoma cells and exerted cytotoxic effects, leading to tumor collapse in uveal melanoma xenograft and liver mUM models in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Coupling the unique genetic landscape of uveal melanoma with the power of unbiased genetic screens, our studies reveal that FAK and MEK-ERK cotargeting may provide a new network-based precision therapeutic strategy for mUM treatment.See related commentary by Harbour, p. 2967.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine S Paradis
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Monica Acosta
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Robert Saddawi-Konefka
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ayush Kishore
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Frederico Gomes
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Nadia Arang
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Manoela Tiago
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Simone Lubrano
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Xingyu Wu
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kyle Ford
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Chi-Ping Day
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Maryland
| | - Glenn Merlino
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Maryland
| | - Prashant Mali
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | | | - Takami Sato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Seedor RS, Orloff M, Gutkind JS, Aplin AE, Terai M, Sharpe-Mills E, Klose H, Mastrangelo MJ, Sato T. Clinical trial in progress: Phase II trial of defactinib (VS-6063) combined with VS-6766 (CH5126766) in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.tps9588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TPS9588 Background: Despite successful treatment of primary uveal melanomas (UM), up to 50% of patients subsequently develop systemic metastasis, with the liver involved in up to 90% of patients. Currently there is no US FDA-approved treatment for metastatic uveal melanoma (MUM). Activating mutations in genes encoding alpha subunits of the heterotrimeric G proteins, GNAQ and GNA11, are found in 80-90% of UM. Recent information suggests that GNAQ/GNA11-oncogenic signaling involves a non-canonical pathway conferring the activation of YAP1, distinct from the activation of PLCβ and PKC-MEK-ERK, which may explain the failure of MEK inhibitors in MUM patients. Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) is a tyrosine kinase that provides a direct link between Gαq and tyrosine phosphorylation networks controlling YAP and UM growth. Interestingly, UM represents the human cancer harboring the highest level of FAK overexpression. Recent kinome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screens revealed that FAK and RAF/MEK co-targeting may provide a new network-based precision therapeutic strategy for MUM treatment. Methods: This is an investigator-initiated, prospective, single arm, single-institution, phase II trial evaluating the combination of a FAK inhibitor (defactinib, VS-6063) with a RAF/MEK inhibitor (VS-6766, CH5126766) for the treatment of patients with metastatic uveal melanoma [NCT04720417]. The primary endpoint of the study is disease control rate (DCR) of 50% including complete response (CR), partial response (PR), and stable disease (SD) as determined by RECIST criteria version 1.1. Secondary endpoints include progression free survival, overall survival, and causality of adverse events. Exploratory endpoints include analysis of the pharmacodynamic profile, mechanism of resistance to the combination, and investigation of circulating free DNA as a biomarker. The efficacy of this combination treatment will be assessed using the Simon’s two stage design. In stage I, a total number of 8 patients are accrued and if there are 2 or fewer overall responses among these 8 patients, further enrollment of patients may be stopped with the conclusion that DCR cannot be 50% or greater. Otherwise, an additional 10 patients will be accrued in stage II, resulting in a total sample size of 18 patients. Patients at 18 years or older with metastases from uveal melanoma will be eligible (any line of therapy). Defactinib (200 mg) will be administered orally twice a day in combination with VS-6766 (3.2 mg) administered orally twice a week for 3 weeks, in 28-day cycles. Dose modification will be considered based on toxicity. Treatment will be continued until maximum clinical benefit is obtained; disease progression or the development of intolerable side effects. Enrollment to stage 1 began in February 2021. Clinical trial information: NCT04720417.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marlana Orloff
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Andrew E. Aplin
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mizue Terai
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Erin Sharpe-Mills
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Haley Klose
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Takami Sato
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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Castillo‐Kauil A, García‐Jiménez I, Cervantes‐Villagrana RD, Adame‐García SR, Beltrán‐Navarro YM, Gutkind JS, Reyes‐Cruz G, Vázquez‐Prado J. Gα
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Directly Drives PDZ‐RhoGEF Signaling to Cdc42. FASEB J 2021. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.04945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Castillo‐Kauil
- Cell BiologyDepartment of Cell Biology ‐ Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV)Mexico City
| | - Irving García‐Jiménez
- Cell BiologyDepartment of Cell Biology ‐ Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV)Mexico City
| | - Rodolfo Daniel Cervantes‐Villagrana
- PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmacology ‐ Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV)Mexico City
| | - Sendi Rafael Adame‐García
- PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmacology ‐ Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV)Mexico City
| | - Yarely Mabell Beltrán‐Navarro
- PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmacology ‐ Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV)Mexico City
| | | | - Guadalupe Reyes‐Cruz
- Cell BiologyDepartment of Cell Biology ‐ Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV)Mexico City
| | - José Vázquez‐Prado
- PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmacology ‐ Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV)Mexico City
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