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Kupka E, Roberts JM, Mahdy ZA, Escudero C, Bergman L, De Oliveira L. Aspirin for preeclampsia prevention in low- and middle-income countries: mind the gaps. AJOG Glob Rep 2024; 4:100352. [PMID: 38694484 PMCID: PMC11061325 DOI: 10.1016/j.xagr.2024.100352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a syndrome that continues to be a major contributor to maternal and neonatal mortality, especially in low-income countries. Low-dose aspirin reduces the risk of preeclampsia, but the mechanism is still unknown. Risk factors to identify women at risk of preeclampsia are based on clinical characteristics. Women identified as high-risk would benefit from aspirin treatment initiated, preferably at the end of the first trimester. Current efforts have largely focused on developing screening algorithms that incorporate clinical risk factors, maternal biomarkers, and uterine artery Doppler evaluated in the first trimester. However, most studies on preeclampsia are conducted in high-income settings, raising uncertainties about whether the information gained can be totally applied in low-resource settings. In low- and middle-income countries, lack of adequate antenatal care and late commencement of antenatal care visits pose significant challenges for both screening for preeclampsia and initiating aspirin treatment. Furthermore, the preventive effect of first-trimester screening based on algorithms and subsequent aspirin treatment is primarily seen for preterm preeclampsia, and reviews indicate minimal or no impact on reducing the risk of term preeclampsia. The lack of evidence regarding the effectiveness of aspirin in preventing term preeclampsia is a crucial concern, as 75% of women will develop this subtype of the syndrome. Regarding adverse outcomes, low-dose aspirin has been linked to a possible higher risk of postpartum hemorrhage, a condition as deadly as preeclampsia in many low- and middle-income countries. The increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage among women in low-income settings should be taken into consideration when discussing which pregnant women would benefit from the use of aspirin and the ideal aspirin dosage for preventing preeclampsia. In addition, women's adherence to aspirin during pregnancy is crucial for determining its effectiveness and complications, an aspect often overlooked in trials. In this review, we analyze the knowledge gaps that must be addressed to safely increase low-dose aspirin use in low- and middle-income countries, and we propose directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James M. Roberts
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg (Drs Kupka and Bergman), Sweden
- Department of Research and Higher Education, Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, Region Dalarna (Dr Kupka), Falun, Sweden
- Magee-Womens Research Institute (Dr Roberts), Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Epidemiology and Clinical and Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh (Dr Roberts), Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (Dr Mahdy), Cheras, Malaysia
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bio-Bio (Dr Escudero), Chillan, Chile
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health) (Dr Escudero), Chillan, Chile
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University (Dr Bergman), Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stellenbosch University (Dr Bergman), Cape Town, South Africa
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School (Dr Oliveira), Botucatu
| | - Zaleha A. Mahdy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg (Drs Kupka and Bergman), Sweden
- Department of Research and Higher Education, Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, Region Dalarna (Dr Kupka), Falun, Sweden
- Magee-Womens Research Institute (Dr Roberts), Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Epidemiology and Clinical and Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh (Dr Roberts), Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (Dr Mahdy), Cheras, Malaysia
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bio-Bio (Dr Escudero), Chillan, Chile
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health) (Dr Escudero), Chillan, Chile
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University (Dr Bergman), Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stellenbosch University (Dr Bergman), Cape Town, South Africa
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School (Dr Oliveira), Botucatu
| | - Carlos Escudero
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg (Drs Kupka and Bergman), Sweden
- Department of Research and Higher Education, Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, Region Dalarna (Dr Kupka), Falun, Sweden
- Magee-Womens Research Institute (Dr Roberts), Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Epidemiology and Clinical and Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh (Dr Roberts), Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (Dr Mahdy), Cheras, Malaysia
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bio-Bio (Dr Escudero), Chillan, Chile
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health) (Dr Escudero), Chillan, Chile
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University (Dr Bergman), Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stellenbosch University (Dr Bergman), Cape Town, South Africa
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School (Dr Oliveira), Botucatu
| | - Lina Bergman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg (Drs Kupka and Bergman), Sweden
- Department of Research and Higher Education, Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, Region Dalarna (Dr Kupka), Falun, Sweden
- Magee-Womens Research Institute (Dr Roberts), Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Epidemiology and Clinical and Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh (Dr Roberts), Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (Dr Mahdy), Cheras, Malaysia
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bio-Bio (Dr Escudero), Chillan, Chile
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health) (Dr Escudero), Chillan, Chile
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University (Dr Bergman), Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stellenbosch University (Dr Bergman), Cape Town, South Africa
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School (Dr Oliveira), Botucatu
| | - Leandro De Oliveira
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg (Drs Kupka and Bergman), Sweden
- Department of Research and Higher Education, Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, Region Dalarna (Dr Kupka), Falun, Sweden
- Magee-Womens Research Institute (Dr Roberts), Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Epidemiology and Clinical and Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh (Dr Roberts), Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (Dr Mahdy), Cheras, Malaysia
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bio-Bio (Dr Escudero), Chillan, Chile
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health) (Dr Escudero), Chillan, Chile
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University (Dr Bergman), Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stellenbosch University (Dr Bergman), Cape Town, South Africa
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School (Dr Oliveira), Botucatu
| | - Global Pregnancy Collaboration
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg (Drs Kupka and Bergman), Sweden
- Department of Research and Higher Education, Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, Region Dalarna (Dr Kupka), Falun, Sweden
- Magee-Womens Research Institute (Dr Roberts), Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Epidemiology and Clinical and Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh (Dr Roberts), Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (Dr Mahdy), Cheras, Malaysia
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bio-Bio (Dr Escudero), Chillan, Chile
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health) (Dr Escudero), Chillan, Chile
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University (Dr Bergman), Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stellenbosch University (Dr Bergman), Cape Town, South Africa
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School (Dr Oliveira), Botucatu
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Roberts JM. Preeclampsia epidemiology(ies) and pathophysiology(ies). Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2024; 94:102480. [PMID: 38490067 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2024.102480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Preeclampsia/eclampsia was first described 2000 years ago. Concepts guiding diagnosis have changed over time making longitudinal studies challenging. Similarly, concepts of pathophysiology have evolved from eclampsia as a pregnancy seizure disorder to preeclampsia as a hypertensive and renal disorder to our current concept of a preeclampsia as a pregnancy specific, multisystemic inflammatory disorder. Although preeclampsia is pregnancy specific and many pathophysiologic findings begin to resolve with delivery, its impact extends beyond pregnancy. The risk of cardiovascular and neurological disease is increased after pregnancy in women who have had preeclampsia. The disorder is not a disease, but a syndrome and emerging data indicate multiple pathways to the syndrome. It is likely that our failure to have a major impact on prediction and prevention despite a large increase in understanding is due to the existence of multiple subtypes of preeclampsia. This concept should guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Roberts
- Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Epidemiology and Clinical and Translational Research University of Pittsburgh, 10 Georgian Place, Pittsburgh, PA, 15215, United States.
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Layden AJ, Bertolet M, Parks WT, Adibi JJ, Roberts JM, Catov JM. Prepregnancy obesity and risk of placental inflammation at term: a selection bias analysis. Ann Epidemiol 2023; 86:25-33.e7. [PMID: 37302673 PMCID: PMC10546767 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Placental histopathology is a resource for investigating obesity-associated pregnancy conditions. However, studies oversample adverse pregnancies, biasing findings. We examine the association between prepregnancy obesity (risk factor for inflammation) and histologic placental inflammation (correlated with impaired infant neurodevelopment) and how selection bias may influence the association. METHODS Singleton term deliveries between 2008 and 2012 from the Magee Obstetric Maternal and Infant database were analyzed. Prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) was categorized as underweight, lean (referent), overweight, and obese. Outcomes were diagnoses of acute (acute chorioamnionitis and fetal inflammation) and chronic placental inflammation (chronic villitis). Risk ratios for associations between BMI and placental inflammation were estimated using selection bias approaches: complete case, exclusion of pregnancy complications, multiple imputation, and inverse probability weighting. E-values approximated how susceptible estimates were to residual selection bias. RESULTS Across methods, obesity was associated with an 8-15% lower risk of acute chorioamnionitis, a 7%-14% lower risk of acute fetal inflammation, and a 12%-30% higher risk of chronic villitis relative to lean women. E-values indicated modest residual selection bias could explain away associations, though few measured indications of placental evaluations met this threshold. CONCLUSIONS Obesity may contribute to placental inflammation, and we highlight robust methods to analyze clinical data susceptible to selection bias.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marnie Bertolet
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - W Tony Parks
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, CA
| | - Jennifer J Adibi
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - James M Roberts
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Janet M Catov
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
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Cameron NA, Khan SS, Brewer AN, Tsigas EZ, Ness RB, Roberts JM. Recruiting and retaining nulliparous individuals with a family history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy to participate in scientific research prior to pregnancy: The Sisterhood Study. Am Heart J Plus 2023; 34:100319. [PMID: 38328773 PMCID: PMC10847978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahjo.2023.100319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Recruiting women with a family history (FH) of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) to participate in research before pregnancy could offer insight into genetic and lifestyle factors that incur higher risk of cardiovascular disease during pregnancy and throughout the life course. Methods The Sisterhood Study piloted low-touch, remote recruitment strategies that relied on women with a history of preeclampsia to share study information with family and friends. It aimed to enroll 150 women with a FH of HDP and 150 controls. Results The study recruited 328 women (104 with a FH of HDP, 131 without a FH, and 93 with unknown FH) prior to pregnancy. The majority identified as non-Hispanic White (74.7%) and had > high school education (91.8%). Discussion Although the population was enriched with nulliparous women with a FH of HDP, it was not sufficient to recruit a diverse cohort large enough to meet the study aim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Cameron
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine
| | - Sadiya S Khan
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine
| | | | | | - Roberta B Ness
- University of Texas School of Public Health (Former Dean)
| | - James M Roberts
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, epidemiology and Clinical and Translational Research University of Pittsburgh
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De Oliveira L, Roberts JM, Jeyabalan A, Blount K, Redman CW, Poston L, Seed PT, Chappell LC, Dias MAB. PREPARE: A Stepped-Wedge Cluster-Randomized Trial to Evaluate Whether Risk Stratification Can Reduce Preterm Deliveries Among Patients With Suspected or Confirmed Preterm Preeclampsia. Hypertension 2023; 80:2017-2028. [PMID: 37431663 PMCID: PMC10510842 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.20361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early delivery in preterm preeclampsia may reduce the risks for the patient, but consequences of prematurity may be substantial for the baby. This trial evaluated whether the implementation of a risk stratification model could safely reduce prematurity. METHODS This was a stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trial in seven clusters. Patients presenting with suspected or confirmed preeclampsia between 20+0 and 36+6 gestational weeks were considered eligible. At the start of the trial, all centers were allocated in the preintervention phase, and patients enrolled in this phase were managed according to local treatment guidance. Subsequently, every 4 months, 1 randomly allocated cluster transitioned to the intervention. Patients enrolled in the intervention phase had sFlt-1 (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1)/PlGF (placental growth factor) ratio and preeclampsia integrated estimate of risk assessments performed. If sFlt-1/PlGF ≤38 and preeclampsia integrated estimate of risk <10%, patients were considered low risk and clinicians received recommendations to defer delivery. If sFlt-1/PlGF >38 and preeclampsia integrated estimate of risk ≥10%, patients were considered not low risk, and clinicians received recommendations to increase surveillance. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with preterm preeclampsia delivered prematurely out of total deliveries. RESULTS Between March 25, 2017 and December 24, 2019, 586 and 563 patients were analyzed in the intervention and usual care groups, respectively. The event rate was 1.09% in the intervention group, and 1.37% in the usual care group. After prespecified adjustments for variation between and within clusters over time, the adjusted risk ratio was 1.45 ([95% CI, 1.04-2.02]; P=0.029), indicating a higher risk of preterm deliveries in the intervention group. Post hoc analysis including calculation of risk differences did not show evidence of statistical differences. Abnormal sFlt-1/PlGF was associated with a higher rate of identifying preeclampsia with severe features. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of an intervention based on biomarkers and clinical factors for risk stratification did not lead to reductions in preterm deliveries. Further training on the interpretation of disease severity in preeclampsia and the development of additional risk stratification is needed before adoption into clinical practice. REGISTRATION URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov; Unique identifier: NCT03073317.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro De Oliveira
- Botucatu Medical School, Obstetrics Department, Botucatu Sao Paulo State University, SP, Brazil (L.D.O.)
| | - James M. Roberts
- Magee-Womens Research Institute Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Epidemiology and Clinical and Translational Research, Pittsburgh, PA (J.M.R., A.J., K.B.)
| | - Arundhathi Jeyabalan
- Magee-Womens Research Institute Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Epidemiology and Clinical and Translational Research, Pittsburgh, PA (J.M.R., A.J., K.B.)
| | - Kasey Blount
- Magee-Womens Research Institute Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Epidemiology and Clinical and Translational Research, Pittsburgh, PA (J.M.R., A.J., K.B.)
| | - Christopher W. Redman
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (C.W.R.)
| | - Lucilla Poston
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College of London, United Kingdom (L.P., P.T.S., L.C.C.)
| | - Paul T. Seed
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College of London, United Kingdom (L.P., P.T.S., L.C.C.)
| | - Lucy C. Chappell
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College of London, United Kingdom (L.P., P.T.S., L.C.C.)
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Roberts JM, King TL, Barton JR, Beck S, Bernstein IM, Buck TE, Forgues-Lackie MA, Facco FL, Gernand AD, Graves CR, Jeyabalan A, Hauspurg A, Manuck TA, Myers JE, Powell TM, Sutton EF, Tinker E, Tsigas E, Myatt L. Care plan for individuals at risk for preeclampsia: shared approach to education, strategies for prevention, surveillance, and follow-up. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 229:193-213. [PMID: 37120055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a multisystemic disorder of pregnancy that affects 250,000 pregnant individuals in the United States and approximately 10 million worldwide per annum. Preeclampsia is associated with substantial immediate morbidity and mortality but also long-term morbidity for both mother and offspring. It is now clearly established that a low dose of aspirin given daily, beginning early in pregnancy modestly reduces the occurrence of preeclampsia. Low-dose aspirin seems safe, but because there is a paucity of information about long-term effects on the infant, it is not recommended for all pregnant individuals. Thus, several expert groups have identified clinical factors that indicate sufficient risk to recommend low-dose aspirin preventive therapy. These risk factors may be complemented by biochemical and/or biophysical tests that either indicate increased probability of preeclampsia in individuals with clinical risk factors, or more importantly, identify increased likelihood in those without other evident risk. In addition, the opportunity exists to provide this population with additional care that may prevent or mitigate the short- and long-term effects of preeclampsia. Patient and provider education, increased surveillance, behavioral modification, and other approaches to improve outcomes in these individuals can improve the chance of a healthy outcome. We assembled a group with diverse, relevant expertise (clinicians, investigators, advocates, and public and private stakeholders) to develop a care plan in which providers and pregnant individuals at risk can work together to reduce the risk of preeclampsia and associated morbidities. The plan is for care of individuals at moderate to high risk for developing preeclampsia, sufficient to receive low-dose aspirin therapy, as identified by clinical and/or laboratory findings. The recommendations are presented using the GRADE methodology with the quality of evidence upon which each is based. In addition, printable appendices with concise summaries of the care plan's recommendations for patients and healthcare providers are provided. We believe that this shared approach to care will facilitate prevention of preeclampsia and its attendant short- and long-term morbidity in patients identified as at risk for development of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Roberts
- Magee-Womens Research Institute and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences and Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
| | - Tekoa L King
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA
| | - John R Barton
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baptist Health, Lexington, KY
| | - Stacy Beck
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ira M Bernstein
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | | | | | - Francesca L Facco
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Alison D Gernand
- Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Cornelia R Graves
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Arundhati Jeyabalan
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Alisse Hauspurg
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Tracy A Manuck
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jenny E Myers
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Trashaun M Powell
- National Racial Disparity Taskforce, Preeclampsia Foundation and New Jersey Family Planning League, Somerset, NJ
| | | | | | | | - Leslie Myatt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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Jancsura MK, Schmella MJ, Helsabeck N, Gillespie SL, Roberts JM, Conley YP, Hubel CA. Inflammatory markers are elevated in early pregnancy, but not late pregnancy, in women with overweight and obesity that later develop preeclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 2023; 90:e13763. [PMID: 37641371 PMCID: PMC10465815 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Obesity and preeclampsia both involve a pathological inflammatory response, which may be how obesity increases preeclampsia risk. Previous studies have failed to assess robust measurements of inflammatory markers across gestation, specifically in overweight/ obese women in the context of preeclampsia. METHOD OF STUDY We measured 20 inflammatory markers in plasma via multiplex assay (ThermoFisher Inflammation 20 plex Human ProcartaPlex Panel) across the three trimesters of pregnancy in an existing cohort of overweight and obese women who developed preeclampsia (n = 37) and without preeclampsia (n = 74). Mann-Whitney U tests examined differences in inflammatory marker concentrations between cases and controls. Repeated measures ANOVA tests were used to explore differences in inflammatory marker concentrations over time within cases and controls. RESULTS Pro-inflammatory markers (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-α, IFN-γ, GM-CSF, IL-12p70, IL-17α, TNF-α, IL-8) and anti-inflammatory markers (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13) were higher in the first and second trimester in participants who later developed preeclampsia compared to those who did not (p < .05). Only TNF-α and IL-8 remained elevated in the third trimester. Inflammatory markers did not change across pregnancy in preeclampsia cases but did increase across pregnancy in controls. CONCLUSION Our findings diverge from prior studies, predominantly of non-obese women, that report lower circulating concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines in preeclampsia versus normotensive pregnancy, particularly by late pregnancy. We posit that women with overweight and obesity who develop preeclampsia entered pregnancy with a heightened pro-inflammatory state likely related to obesity, which increased risk for preeclampsia. Further studies are needed to investigate if inflammatory maker profiles differ between obese and non-obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKenzie K Jancsura
- College of Nursing Martha S. Pitzer Center for Women, Children and Youth, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | | | | | - Shannon L Gillespie
- College of Nursing Martha S. Pitzer Center for Women, Children and Youth, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - James M Roberts
- Departments of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical and Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Yvette P Conley
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Carl A Hubel
- Departments of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, United States
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Bodnar LM, Kirkpatrick SI, Roberts JM, Kennedy EH, Naimi AI. Is the Association Between Fruits and Vegetables and Preeclampsia Due to Higher Dietary Vitamin C and Carotenoid Intakes? Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:459-467. [PMID: 37321543 PMCID: PMC10447882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diets dense in fruits and vegetables are associated with a reduced risk of preeclampsia, but pathways underlying this relationship are unclear. Dietary antioxidants may contribute to the protective effect. OBJECTIVE We determined the extent to which the effect of dietary fruit and vegetable density on preeclampsia is because of high intakes of dietary vitamin C and carotenoids. METHODS We used data from 7572 participants in the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: monitoring mothers-to-be (8 United States medical centers, 2010‒2013). Usual daily periconceptional intake of total fruits and total vegetables was estimated from a food frequency questionnaire. We estimated the indirect effect of ≥2.5 cups/1000 kcal of fruits and vegetables through vitamin C and carotenoid on the risk of preeclampsia. We estimated these effects using targeted maximum likelihood estimation and an ensemble of machine learning algorithms, adjusting for confounders, including other dietary components, health behaviors, and psychological, neighborhood, and sociodemographic factors. RESULTS Participants who consumed ≥2.5 cups of fruits and vegetables per 1000 kcal were less likely than those who consumed <2.5 cups/1000 kcal to develop preeclampsia (6.4% compared with 8.6%). After confounder adjustment, we observed that higher fruit and vegetable density was associated with 2 fewer cases of preeclampsia (risk difference: -2.0; 95% CI: -3.9, -0.1)/100 pregnancies compared with lower density diets. High dietary vitamin C and carotenoid intake was not associated with preeclampsia. The protective effect of high fruit and vegetable density on the risk of preeclampsia and late-onset preeclampsia was not mediated through dietary vitamin C and carotenoids. CONCLUSIONS Evaluating other nutrients and bioactives in fruits and vegetables and their synergy is worthwhile, along with characterizing the effect of individual fruits or vegetables on preeclampsia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Bodnar
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
| | - Sharon I Kirkpatrick
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - James M Roberts
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Edward H Kennedy
- Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ashley I Naimi
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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9
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Gunderson EP, Greenberg M, Sun B, Goler N, Go AS, Roberts JM, Nguyen‐Huynh MN, Tao W, Alexeeff SE. Early Pregnancy Systolic Blood Pressure Patterns Predict Early- and Later-Onset Preeclampsia and Gestational Hypertension Among Ostensibly Low-to-Moderate Risk Groups. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e029617. [PMID: 37435795 PMCID: PMC10492985 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.029617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Clinical risk factors, a single blood pressure (BP) measurement, current biomarkers, and biophysical parameters can effectively identify risk of early-onset preeclampsia but have limited ability to predict later-onset preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. Clinical BP patterns hold promise to improve early risk stratification for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Methods and Results After excluding preexisting hypertension, heart, kidney, or liver disease, or prior preeclampsia, the retrospective cohort (n=249 892) all had systolic BP <140 mm Hg and diastolic BP <90 mm Hg or a single BP elevation ≤20 weeks' gestation, prenatal care at <14 weeks' gestation, and a still or live birth delivery at Kaiser Permanente Northern California hospitals (2009-2019). The sample was randomly split into development (N=174 925; 70%) and validation (n=74 967; 30%) data sets. Predictive performance of multinomial logistic regression models for early-onset (<34 weeks) preeclampsia, later-onset (≥34 weeks) preeclampsia, and gestational hypertension was evaluated in the validation data set. There were 1008 (0.4%), 10 766 (4.3%), and 11 514 (4.6%) patients with early-onset preeclampsia, later-onset preeclampsia, and gestation hypertension, respectively. Models with 6 systolic BP trajectory groups (0-20 weeks' gestation) plus standard clinical risk factors performed substantially better than risk factors alone to predict early- and later-onset preeclampsia and gestational hypertension, with C-statistics (95% CIs) of 0.747 (0.720-0.775), 0.730 (0.722-0.739), and 0.768 (0.761-0.776) versus 0.688 (0.659-0.717), 0.695 (0.686-0.704) and 0.692 (0.683-0.701), respectively, with excellent calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow P=0.99, 0.99, and 0.74, respectively). Conclusions Early pregnancy BP patterns up to 20 weeks' gestation plus clinical, social, and behavioral factors more accurately discriminate hypertensive disorders of pregnancy risk among low-to-moderate risk pregnancies. Early pregnancy BP trajectories improve risk stratification to reveal higher-risk individuals hidden within ostensibly low-to-moderate risk groups and lower-risk individuals considered at higher risk by US Preventive Services Task Force criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica P. Gunderson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCAUSA
- Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of MedicinePasadenaCAUSA
| | - Mara Greenberg
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKaiser Permanente, Oakland Medical CenterOaklandCAUSA
| | - Baiyang Sun
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCAUSA
| | - Nancy Goler
- The Permanente Medical GroupKaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCAUSA
| | - Alan S. Go
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCAUSA
- Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of MedicinePasadenaCAUSA
- Departments of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Department of MedicineStanford UniversityPalo AltoCAUSA
| | - James M. Roberts
- Magee‐Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Epidemiology and Clinical and Translational ResearchUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh, PAUSA
| | - Mai N. Nguyen‐Huynh
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCAUSA
- Department of Neurology, Kaiser Permanente, Walnut Creek Medical CenterWalnut CreekCAUSA
| | - Wei Tao
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCAUSA
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10
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Williams IM, Albertolle ME, Layden AJ, Tao SY, Fisher SJ, Gandley RE, Roberts JM. Lipidomics Reveals Elevated Plasmalogens in Women with Obesity Who Develop Preeclampsia. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082970. [PMID: 37109308 PMCID: PMC10147017 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Preeclampsia (PE) is a prevalent pregnancy disorder worldwide with limited preventative treatments available. Obesity triples the risk for PE, yet only 10% of women with obesity develop PE. The factors that distinguish PE from uncomplicated pregnancies in the context of obesity have not been fully established. Methods: We studied a cohort of women with obesity throughout pregnancy to identify lipid mediators and/or biomarkers of PE. Blood samples were collected at each trimester and analyzed by both targeted lipidomics and standard lipid panels. Individual lipid species were compared by PE status at each trimester, as well as by self-identified race (Black vs. White) and fetal sex. Results: Standard lipid panels and clinical measurements revealed few differences between PE and uncomplicated pregnancies. Targeted lipidomics, however, identified plasmalogen, phosphatidylethanolamine, and free fatty acid species that were elevated in the third trimester of women with PE. Furthermore, race and trimester of pregnancy were considerable sources of plasma lipidomic variation in women with obesity. Conclusions: First and second trimester individual plasma lipid species do not predict the development of PE in obese women. In the third trimester, PE patients have elevated levels of plasmalogens-a class of lipoprotein-associated phospholipids that have been implicated in the response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Williams
- Lipid Nanoparticle Platform Department, Takeda Development Center Americas, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Matthew E Albertolle
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, Takeda Development Center Americas, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Alexander J Layden
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Sunny Y Tao
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Susan J Fisher
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - James M Roberts
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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11
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Angelucci AA, Crilley LR, Richardson R, Valkenburg TSE, Monks PS, Roberts JM, Sommariva R, VandenBoer TC. Elevated levels of chloramines and chlorine detected near an indoor sports complex. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2023; 25:304-313. [PMID: 36484250 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00411a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chloramines (NH2Cl, NHCl2, and NCl3) are toxic compounds that can be created during the use of bleach-based disinfectants that contain hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and the hypochlorite ion (OCl-) as their active ingredients. Chloramines can then readily transfer from the aqueous-phase to the gas-phase. Atmospheric chemical ionization mass spectrometry using iodide adduct chemistry (I-CIMS) made observations across two periods (2014 and 2016) at an urban background site on the University of Leicester campus (Leicester, UK). Both monochloramine (NH2Cl) and molecular chlorine (Cl2) were detected and positively identified from calibrated mass spectra during both sampling periods and to our knowledge, this is the first detection of NH2Cl outdoors. Mixing ratios of NH2Cl reached up to 2.2 and 4.0 parts per billion by volume (ppbv), with median mixing ratios of 30 and 120 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) during the 2014 and 2016 sampling periods, respectively. Levels of Cl2 were observed to reach up to 220 and 320 pptv. Analysis of the NH2Cl and Cl2 data pointed to the same local source, a nearby indoor sports complex with a swimming pool and a cleaning product storage shed. No appreciable levels of NHCl2 and NCl3 were observed outdoors, suggesting the indoor pool was not likely to be the primary source of the observed ambient chloramines, as prior measurements made in indoor pool atmospheres indicate that NCl3 would be expected to dominate. Instead, these observations point to indoor cleaning and/or cleaning product emissions as the probable source of NH2Cl and Cl2 where the measured levels provide indirect evidence for substantial amounts transported from indoors to outdoors. Our upper estimate for total NH2Cl emissions from the University of Leicester indoor sports complexes scaled for similar sports complexes across the UK is 3.4 × 105 ± 1.1 × 105 μg h-1 and 0.0017 ± 0.00034 Gg yr-1, respectively. The Cl-equivalent emissions in HCl are only an order of magnitude less to those from hazardous waste incineration and iron and steel sinter production in the UK National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory (NAEI).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leigh R Crilley
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Rob Richardson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | | | - Paul S Monks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - James M Roberts
- Chemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA
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12
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Liu S, Fu H, Ray M, Heinsberg LW, Conley YP, Anderson CM, Hubel CA, Roberts JM, Jeyabalan A, Weeks DE, Schmella MJ. A longitudinal epigenome-wide association study of preeclamptic and normotensive pregnancy. Epigenetics Commun 2023; 3:1. [PMID: 37063698 PMCID: PMC10101051 DOI: 10.1186/s43682-022-00014-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background While preeclampsia (PE) is a leading cause of pregnancy-related morbidity/mortality, its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. DNA methylation (DNAm) is a dynamic regulator of gene expression that may offer insight into PE pathophysiology and/or serve as a biomarker (e.g., risk, subtype, a therapeutic response). This study's purpose was to evaluate for differences in blood-based DNAm across all trimesters between individuals eventually diagnosed with PE (cases) and individuals who remained normotensive throughout pregnancy, did not develop proteinuria, and birthed a normally grown infant (controls). Results In the discovery phase, longitudinal, genome-wide DNAm data were generated across three trimesters of pregnancy in 56 participants (n=28 cases, n=28 controls) individually matched on self-identified race, pre-pregnancy body mass index, smoking, and gestational age at sample collection. An epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) was conducted, using surrogate variable analysis to account for unwanted sources of variation. No CpGs met the genome-wide significance p value threshold of 9×10-8, but 16 CpGs (trimester 1: 5; trimester 2: 1; trimester 3: 10) met the suggestive significance threshold of 1×10-5. DNAm data were also evaluated for differentially methylated regions (DMRs) by PE status. Three DMRs in each trimester were significant after Bonferonni-adjustment. Since only third-trimester samples were available from an independent replication sample (n=64 cases, n=50 controls), the top suggestive hits from trimester 3 (cg16155413 and cg21882990 associated with TRAF3IP2-AS1/TRAF3IP2 genes, which also made up the top DMR) were carried forward for replication. During replication, DNAm data were also generated for validation purposes from discovery phase third trimester samples. While significant associations between DNAm and PE status were observed at both sites in the validation sample, no associations between DNAm and PE status were observed in the independent replication sample. Conclusions The discovery phase findings for cg16155413/cg21882990 (TRAF3IP2-AS1/TRAF3IP2) were validated with a new platform but were not replicated in an independent sample. Given the differences in participant characteristics between the discovery and replication samples, we cannot rule out important signals for these CpGs. Additional research is warranted for cg16155413/cg21882990, as well as top hits in trimesters 1-2 and significant DMRs that were not examined in the replication phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Liu
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Haoyi Fu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mitali Ray
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, 440 Victoria Building, 3500 Victoria Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Lacey W. Heinsberg
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yvette P. Conley
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, 440 Victoria Building, 3500 Victoria Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Cindy M. Anderson
- Martha S. Pitzer Center for Women, Children and Youth, College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Carl A. Hubel
- Magee-Womens Research Institute and Foundation, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James M. Roberts
- Magee-Womens Research Institute and Foundation, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Arun Jeyabalan
- Magee-Womens Research Institute and Foundation, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel E. Weeks
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mandy J. Schmella
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, 440 Victoria Building, 3500 Victoria Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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13
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Zheng Y, Pan J, Xia C, Chen H, Zhou H, Ju W, Wegiel J, Myatt L, Roberts JM, Guo X, Zhong N. Characterization of placental and decidual cell development in early pregnancy loss by single-cell RNA sequencing. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:168. [PMID: 36209198 PMCID: PMC9548121 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00904-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early pregnancy loss (EPL) presents as sporadic or recurrent miscarriage during the first trimester. In addition to chromosomal defects, EPL may result from impairment of the placental-decidual interface at early gestational age due to gene-environmental interactions. Methods To better understand the pathogenesis associated with this impairment, cell development in chorionic villi and decidua of different forms of EPL (sporadic or recurrent) was investigated with single-cell RNA sequencing and compared to that of normal first-trimester tissue. Results Unique gene expression signatures were obtained for the different forms of EPL and for normal tissue and the composition of placental and decidual cell clusters in each form was established. In particular, the involvement of macrophages in the EPL phenotypes was identified revealing an immunoactive state. Conclusion Differential gene expression and unique marker genes among cell clusters from chorionic villi and decidua of miscarried and normal pregnancies, may lead to identification of biomarker for EPL. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00904-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Zheng
- Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Foshan Women and Children, 11 W. Renmin Lu, Foshan, 528000 China
| | - Jing Pan
- Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Foshan Women and Children, 11 W. Renmin Lu, Foshan, 528000 China
| | - Chenglai Xia
- Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Foshan Women and Children, 11 W. Renmin Lu, Foshan, 528000 China
| | - Haiying Chen
- Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Foshan Women and Children, 11 W. Renmin Lu, Foshan, 528000 China
| | - Huadong Zhou
- Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Foshan Women and Children, 11 W. Renmin Lu, Foshan, 528000 China
| | - Weina Ju
- grid.420001.70000 0000 9813 9625New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314 USA
| | - Jerzy Wegiel
- grid.420001.70000 0000 9813 9625New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314 USA
| | - Leslie Myatt
- grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - James M. Roberts
- grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239 USA ,grid.460217.60000 0004 0387 4432Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Epidemiology and Clinical and Translational Research University of Pittsburgh, Magee-Womens Research Institute, 204 Craft Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Foshan Women and Children, 11 W. Renmin Lu, Foshan, 528000 China
| | - Nanbert Zhong
- grid.420001.70000 0000 9813 9625New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314 USA
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14
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Korzeniewski SJ, Sutton E, Escudero C, Roberts JM. The Global Pregnancy Collaboration (CoLab) symposium on short- and long-term outcomes in offspring whose mothers had preeclampsia: A scoping review of clinical evidence. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:984291. [PMID: 36111112 PMCID: PMC9470009 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.984291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a maternal syndrome characterized by the new onset of hypertension after 20 weeks of gestation associated with multisystemic complications leading to high maternal and fetal/neonatal morbidity and mortality. However, sequelae of preeclampsia may extend years after pregnancy in both mothers and their children. In addition to the long-term adverse cardiovascular effects of preeclampsia in the mother, observational studies have reported elevated risk of cardiovascular, metabolic, cerebral and cognitive complications in children born from women with preeclampsia. Less clear is whether the association between maternal preeclampsia and offspring sequelae are causal, or to what degree the associations might be driven by fetal factors including impaired growth and the health of its placenta. Our discussion of these complexities in the 2018 Global Pregnancy Collaboration annual meeting prompted us to write this review. We aimed to summarize the evidence of an association between maternal preeclampsia and neurobehavioral developmental disorders in offspring in hopes of generating greater research interest in this important topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Korzeniewski
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Steven J. Korzeniewski
| | - Elizabeth Sutton
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Carlos Escudero
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health, Chillán, Chile
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - James M. Roberts
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Epidemiology and Clinical and Translational Research, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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15
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Gerth-Guyette E, Adu-Gyasi D, Tawiah Agyemang C, Bansil P, Barney R, Knudson S, Newton S, Poku Asante K, Roberts JM, Troy Leader B. Evaluation of a protein-to-creatinine dipstick diagnostic test for proteinuria screening in selected antenatal care clinics in three Districts in the Bono-East Region of Ghana. Pregnancy Hypertens 2022; 30:21-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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16
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Tao Y, VandenBoer TC, Veres PR, Warneke C, de Gouw JA, Weber RJ, Markovic MZ, Zhao Y, Baker KR, Kelly JT, Murphy JG, Young CJ, Roberts JM. Hydrogen chloride (HCl) at ground sites during CalNex 2010 and insight into its thermodynamic properties. J Geophys Res Atmos 2022; 127:1-16. [PMID: 35586832 PMCID: PMC9109133 DOI: 10.1029/2021jd036062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gas phase hydrogen chloride (HCl) was measured at Pasadena and San Joaquin Valley (SJV) ground sites in California during May and June 2010 as part of the CalNex study. Observed mixing ratios were on average 0.83 ppbv at Pasadena, ranging from below detection limit (0.055 ppbv) to 5.95 ppbv, and were on average 0.084 ppbv at SJV with a maximum value of 0.776 ppbv. At both sites, HCl levels were highest during midday and shared similar diurnal variations with HNO3. Coupled phase partitioning behavior was found between HCl/Cl- and HNO3/NO3 - using thermodynamic modelling and observations. Regional modeling of Cl- and HCl using CMAQ captures some of the observed relationships but underestimates measurements by a factor of 5 or more. Chloride in the 2.5-10 μm size range in Pasadena was sometimes higher than sea salt abundances, based on co-measured Na+, implying that sources other than sea salt are important. The acid-displacement of HCl/Cl- by HNO3/NO3 - (phase partitioning of semi-volatile acids) observed at the SJV site can only be explained by aqueous phase reaction despite low RH conditions and suggests the temperature dependence of HCl phase partitioning behavior was strongly impacted by the activity coefficient changes under relevant aerosol conditions (e.g., high ionic strength). Despite the influence from activity coefficients, the gas-particle system was found to be well constrained by other stronger buffers and charge balance so that HCl and Cl- concentrations were reproduced well by thermodynamic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tao
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Patrick R. Veres
- Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Carsten Warneke
- Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Joost A. de Gouw
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Rodney J. Weber
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Milos Z. Markovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Now at Picarro Inc., Santa Clara, California, USA
| | - Yongjing Zhao
- Air Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kirk R. Baker
- Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - James T. Kelly
- Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer G. Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cora J. Young
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James M. Roberts
- Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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Layden AJ, Bertolet M, Parks WT, Roberts JM, Adibi JJ, Catov JM. Latent class analysis of placental histopathology: a novel approach to classifying early and late preterm births. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 227:290.e1-290.e21. [PMID: 35288092 PMCID: PMC9308632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal morbidity attributable to prematurity predominantly occurs among early preterm births (<32 weeks) rather than late preterm births (32 to <37 weeks). Methods to distinguish early and late preterm births are lacking given the heterogeneity in pathophysiology and risk factors, including maternal obesity. Although preterm births are often characterized by clinical presentation (spontaneous or clinically indicated), classifying deliveries by placental features detected on histopathology reports may help identify subgroups of preterm births with similar etiology and risk factors. Latent class analysis is an empirical approach to characterize preterm births on the basis of observed combinations of placental features. OBJECTIVE To identify histopathologic markers that can distinguish early (<32 weeks) and late preterm births (32 to <37 weeks) that are also associated with maternal obesity and neonatal outcomes. STUDY DESIGN Women with a singleton preterm birth at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Magee-Womens Hospital (Pittsburgh, PA) from 2008 to 2012 and a placental evaluation (89% of preterm births) were stratified into early (n=900, 61% spontaneous) and late preterm births (n=3362, 57% spontaneous). Prepregnancy body mass index was self-reported at first prenatal visit and 16 abstracted placental features were analyzed. Placental subgroups (ie, latent classes) of early and late preterm births were determined separately by latent class analysis of placental features. The optimal number of latent classes was selected by comparing fit statistics. The probability of latent class membership across prepregnancy body mass indexes was estimated in early preterm births and in late preterm births by an extension of multinomial regression called pseudo-class regression, adjusting for race, smoking, education, and parity. The frequencies of severe neonatal morbidity (composite outcome: respiratory distress, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, periventricular leukomalacia, patent ductus arteriosus, and retinopathy of prematurity), small-for-gestational-age, and length of neonatal intensive care unit stay were compared across latent classes by chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS Early preterm births were grouped into 4 latent classes based on placental histopathologic features: acute inflammation (38% of cases), maternal vascular malperfusion with inflammation (29%), maternal vascular malperfusion (25%), and fetal vascular thrombosis with hemorrhage (8%). As body mass index increased from 20 to 50kg/m2, the probability of maternal vascular malperfusion and fetal vascular thrombosis with hemorrhage increased, whereas the probability of maternal vascular malperfusion with inflammation decreased. There was minimal change in the probability of acute inflammation with increasing body mass index. Late preterm births also had 4 latent classes: maternal vascular malperfusion (22%), acute inflammation (12%), fetal vascular thrombosis with hemorrhage (9%), and low-risk pathology (58%). Body mass index was not associated with major changes in likelihood of the latent classes in late preterm births. Associations between body mass index and likelihood of the latent classes were not modified by type of delivery (spontaneous or indicated) in early or late preterm births. Maternal malperfusion and fetal vascular thrombosis with hemorrhage were associated with greater neonatal morbidity than the other latent classes in early and late preterm births. CONCLUSION Obesity may predispose women to early but not late preterm birth through placental vascular impairment. Latent class analysis of placental histopathologic data provides an evidence-based approach to group preterm births with shared underlying etiology and risk factors.
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Gunderson EP, Greenberg M, Nguyen-Huynh MN, Tierney C, Roberts JM, Go AS, Tao W, Alexeeff SE. Early Pregnancy Blood Pressure Patterns Identify Risk of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Among Racial and Ethnic Groups. Hypertension 2022; 79:599-613. [PMID: 34963295 PMCID: PMC9004135 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.18568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a leading cause of severe maternal morbidity and mortality and confer 4-fold higher perinatal mortality in Black women. Early pregnancy blood pressure patterns may differentiate risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. METHODS This study identified distinct blood pressure trajectories from 0 to 20 weeks' gestation to evaluate subsequent pregnancy-related hypertension in a retrospective cohort of 174 925 women with no prior hypertension or history of preeclampsia, prenatal care entry ≤14 weeks, and a stillborn or live singleton birth delivered at Kaiser Permanente Northern California hospitals in 2009 to 2019. We used electronic health records to obtain clinical outcomes, covariables, and longitudinal outpatient blood pressure measurements ≤20 weeks' gestation (mean 4.1 measurements). Latent class trajectory modeling identified 6 blood pressure groups: ultra-low-declining(referent), low-declining, moderate-fast-decline, low-increasing, moderate-stable, and elevated-stable. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated trajectory group-associations with the odds of preeclampsia/eclampsia and gestational hypertension' and effect modification by race-ethnicity and prepregnancy body size. RESULTS Compared with ultra-low-declining, adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for low-increasing, moderate-stable, and elevated-stable groups were 3.25 (2.7-3.9), 5.3 (4.5-6.3), and 9.2 (7.7-11.1) for preeclampsia/eclampsia' and 6.4 (4.9-8.3), 13.6 (10.5-17.7), and 30.2 (23.2-39.4) for gestational hypertension. Race/ethnicity, and prepregnancy obesity modified the trajectory-group associations with preeclampsia/eclampsia (interaction P<0.01), with highest risks for Black, then Hispanic and Asian women for all blood pressure trajectories, and with increasing obesity class. CONCLUSIONS Early pregnancy blood pressure patterns revealed racial and ethnic differences in associations with preeclampsia/eclampsia risk within equivalent levels and patterns. These blood pressure patterns may improve individual risk stratification permitting targeted surveillance and early mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica P. Gunderson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA,Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA
| | - Mara Greenberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland Medical Center, CA
| | - Mai N. Nguyen-Huynh
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA,Department of Neurology, Kaiser Permanente Walnut Creek Medical Center, Walnut Creek, CA
| | - Cassidy Tierney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland Medical Center, CA
| | - James M. Roberts
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Epidemiology and Clinical and Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Alan S. Go
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA,Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA,Departments of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Medicine, University of California
| | - Wei Tao
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Stacey E. Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
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19
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Redman CW, Staff AC, Roberts JM. Syncytiotrophoblast stress in preeclampsia: the convergence point for multiple pathways. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 226:S907-S927. [PMID: 33546842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia evolves in 2 stages: a placental problem that generates signals to the mother to cause a range of responses that comprise the second stage (preeclampsia syndrome). The first stage of early-onset preeclampsia is poor placentation, which we here call malplacentation. The spiral arteries are incompletely remodeled, leading to later placental malperfusion, relatively early in the second half of pregnancy. The long duration of the first stage (several months) is unsurprisingly associated with fetal growth restriction. The first stage of late-onset preeclampsia, approximately 80% of total cases, is shorter (several weeks) and part of a process that is common to all pregnancies. Placental function declines as it outgrows uterine capacity, with increasing chorionic villous packing, compression of the intervillous space, and fetal hypoxia, and causes late-onset clinical presentations such as "unexplained" stillbirths, late-onset fetal growth restriction, or preeclampsia. The second stages of early- and late-onset preeclampsia share syncytiotrophoblast stress as the most relevant feature that causes the maternal syndrome. Syncytiotrophoblast stress signals in the maternal circulation are probably the most specific biomarkers for preeclampsia. In addition, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (mainly produced by syncytiotrophoblast) is the best-known biomarker and is routinely used in clinical practice in many locations. How the stress signals change over time in normal pregnancies indicates that syncytiotrophoblast stress begins on average at 30 to 32 weeks' gestation and progresses to term. At term, syncytiotrophoblast shows increasing markers of stress, including apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, syncytial knots, and necrosis. We label this phenotype the "twilight placenta" and argue that it accounts for the clinical problems of postmature pregnancies. Senescence as a stress response differs in multinuclear syncytiotrophoblast from that of mononuclear cells. Syncytiotrophoblast irreversibly acquires part of the senescence phenotype (cell cycle arrest) when it is formed by cell fusion. The 2 pathways converge on the common pathologic endpoint, syncytiotrophoblast stress, and contribute to preeclampsia subtypes. We highlight that the well-known heterogeneity of the preeclampsia syndrome arises from different pathways to this common endpoint, influenced by maternal genetics, epigenetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors with different fetal and maternal responses to the ensuing insults. This complexity mandates a reassessment of our approach to predicting and preventing preeclampsia, and we summarize research priorities to maximize what we can learn about these important issues.
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20
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Rasmussen M, Reddy M, Nolan R, Camunas-Soler J, Khodursky A, Scheller NM, Cantonwine DE, Engelbrechtsen L, Mi JD, Dutta A, Brundage T, Siddiqui F, Thao M, Gee EPS, La J, Baruch-Gravett C, Santillan MK, Deb S, Ame SM, Ali SM, Adkins M, DePristo MA, Lee M, Namsaraev E, Gybel-Brask DJ, Skibsted L, Litch JA, Santillan DA, Sazawal S, Tribe RM, Roberts JM, Jain M, Høgdall E, Holzman C, Quake SR, Elovitz MA, McElrath TF. RNA profiles reveal signatures of future health and disease in pregnancy. Nature 2022; 601:422-427. [PMID: 34987224 PMCID: PMC8770117 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04249-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Maternal morbidity and mortality continue to rise, and pre-eclampsia is a major driver of this burden1. Yet the ability to assess underlying pathophysiology before clinical presentation to enable identification of pregnancies at risk remains elusive. Here we demonstrate the ability of plasma cell-free RNA (cfRNA) to reveal patterns of normal pregnancy progression and determine the risk of developing pre-eclampsia months before clinical presentation. Our results centre on comprehensive transcriptome data from eight independent prospectively collected cohorts comprising 1,840 racially diverse pregnancies and retrospective analysis of 2,539 banked plasma samples. The pre-eclampsia data include 524 samples (72 cases and 452 non-cases) from two diverse independent cohorts collected 14.5 weeks (s.d., 4.5 weeks) before delivery. We show that cfRNA signatures from a single blood draw can track pregnancy progression at the placental, maternal and fetal levels and can robustly predict pre-eclampsia, with a sensitivity of 75% and a positive predictive value of 32.3% (s.d., 3%), which is superior to the state-of-the-art method2. cfRNA signatures of normal pregnancy progression and pre-eclampsia are independent of clinical factors, such as maternal age, body mass index and race, which cumulatively account for less than 1% of model variance. Further, the cfRNA signature for pre-eclampsia contains gene features linked to biological processes implicated in the underlying pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rory Nolan
- Mirvie, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Nikolai M Scheller
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Line Engelbrechtsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jia Dai Mi
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Arup Dutta
- Center for Public Health Kinetics, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Johnny La
- Mirvie, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Mark K Santillan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Saikat Deb
- Center for Public Health Kinetics, New Delhi, India
- Public Health Laboratory-Idc, Pemba, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - Shaali M Ame
- Public Health Laboratory-Idc, Pemba, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - Said M Ali
- Public Health Laboratory-Idc, Pemba, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | | | | | | | | | - Dorte Jensen Gybel-Brask
- Department of Obstetrics, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Lillian Skibsted
- Department of Obstetrics, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - James A Litch
- Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth (GAPPS), Lynnwood, WA, USA
| | - Donna A Santillan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Rachel M Tribe
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - James M Roberts
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Epidemiology and Clinical and Translational Research University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Estrid Høgdall
- Department of Pathology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Stephen R Quake
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michal A Elovitz
- Mirvie, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Maternal and Child Health Research Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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21
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Carrieri D, Jurista T, Yazvenko N, Schafer Medina A, Strickland D, Roberts JM. Overexpression of NblA decreases phycobilisome content and enhances photosynthetic growth of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Gibney BT, Roberts JM, D'Ortenzio RM, Sheikh AM, Nicolaou S, Roberge EA, O'Neill SB. Preventing and Mitigating Radiology System Failures: A Guide to Disaster Planning. Radiographics 2021; 41:2111-2126. [PMID: 34723695 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2021210083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Disaster planning is a core facet of modern health care practice. Owing to complex infrastructure requirements, radiology departments are vulnerable to system failures that may occur in isolation or during a disaster event when the urgency for and volume of imaging examinations increases. Planning for systems failures helps ensure continuity of service provision and patient care during an adverse event. Hazards to which a radiology department is vulnerable can be identified by applying a systematic approach with recognized tools such as the Hazard, Risk, and Vulnerability Analysis. Potential critical weaknesses within the department are highlighted by the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis tool. Recognizing the potential latent conditions and active failures that may impact systems allows implementation of strategies to prevent failure or to build resilience and mitigate the effects if they happen. Inherent system resilience to an adverse event can be estimated, and the ability of a department to operate during a disaster and the subsequent recovery can be predicted. The main systems at risk in a radiology department are staff, structure, stuff (supplies and/or equipment), and software, although individual issues and solutions within these are department specific. When medical imaging or examination interpretation needs cannot be met in the radiology department, the use of portable imaging modalities and teleradiology can augment the disaster response. All phases of disaster response planning should consider both sustaining operations and the transition back to normal function. Online supplemental material and the slide presentation from the RSNA Annual Meeting are available for this article. Work of the U.S. Government published under an exclusive license with the RSNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Gibney
- From the Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, 899 W 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1L5 (B.T.G., J.M.R., R.M.D., A.M.S., S.N., S.B.O.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (R.M.D.); and Department of Radiology, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Wash, and the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md (E.A.R.)
| | - James M Roberts
- From the Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, 899 W 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1L5 (B.T.G., J.M.R., R.M.D., A.M.S., S.N., S.B.O.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (R.M.D.); and Department of Radiology, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Wash, and the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md (E.A.R.)
| | - Robert M D'Ortenzio
- From the Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, 899 W 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1L5 (B.T.G., J.M.R., R.M.D., A.M.S., S.N., S.B.O.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (R.M.D.); and Department of Radiology, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Wash, and the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md (E.A.R.)
| | - Adnan M Sheikh
- From the Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, 899 W 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1L5 (B.T.G., J.M.R., R.M.D., A.M.S., S.N., S.B.O.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (R.M.D.); and Department of Radiology, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Wash, and the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md (E.A.R.)
| | - Savvas Nicolaou
- From the Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, 899 W 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1L5 (B.T.G., J.M.R., R.M.D., A.M.S., S.N., S.B.O.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (R.M.D.); and Department of Radiology, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Wash, and the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md (E.A.R.)
| | - Eric A Roberge
- From the Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, 899 W 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1L5 (B.T.G., J.M.R., R.M.D., A.M.S., S.N., S.B.O.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (R.M.D.); and Department of Radiology, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Wash, and the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md (E.A.R.)
| | - Siobhán B O'Neill
- From the Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, 899 W 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1L5 (B.T.G., J.M.R., R.M.D., A.M.S., S.N., S.B.O.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (R.M.D.); and Department of Radiology, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Wash, and the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md (E.A.R.)
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Hallinan JP, Doyle LA, Shen BW, Gewe MM, Takushi B, Kennedy MA, Friend D, Roberts JM, Bradley P, Stoddard BL. Design of functionalised circular tandem repeat proteins with longer repeat topologies and enhanced subunit contact surfaces. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1240. [PMID: 34716407 PMCID: PMC8556268 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02766-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular tandem repeat proteins (‘cTRPs’) are de novo designed protein scaffolds (in this and prior studies, based on antiparallel two-helix bundles) that contain repeated protein sequences and structural motifs and form closed circular structures. They can display significant stability and solubility, a wide range of sizes, and are useful as protein display particles for biotechnology applications. However, cTRPs also demonstrate inefficient self-assembly from smaller subunits. In this study, we describe a new generation of cTRPs, with longer repeats and increased interaction surfaces, which enhanced the self-assembly of two significantly different sizes of homotrimeric constructs. Finally, we demonstrated functionalization of these constructs with (1) a hexameric array of peptide-binding SH2 domains, and (2) a trimeric array of anti-SARS CoV-2 VHH domains. The latter proved capable of sub-nanomolar binding affinities towards the viral receptor binding domain and potent viral neutralization function. Jazmine Hallinan et al. report the development of a new generation of circular tandem repeat proteins with enhanced self-assembly. Functionalisation of these constructs with SARS CoV-2 VHH domains resulted in sub-nanomolar binding affinity to the viral receptor binding domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmine P Hallinan
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. North, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Lindsey A Doyle
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. North, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Betty W Shen
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. North, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Mesfin M Gewe
- Lumen Bioscience Inc., 1441 North 34th Street, Seattle, WA, 98103, USA
| | - Brittany Takushi
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. North, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Madison A Kennedy
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. North, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Della Friend
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. North, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - James M Roberts
- Lumen Bioscience Inc., 1441 North 34th Street, Seattle, WA, 98103, USA
| | - Philip Bradley
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. North, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA. .,Division of Public Health Sciences and Program in Computational Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., Seattle, WA, 98009, USA.
| | - Barry L Stoddard
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. North, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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24
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Ray M, Heinsberg LW, Conley YP, Roberts JM, Jeyabalan A, Hubel CA, Weeks DE, Schmella MJ. An exploratory study of white blood cell proportions across preeclamptic and normotensive pregnancy by self-identified race in individuals with overweight or obesity. Hypertens Pregnancy 2021; 40:312-321. [PMID: 34697971 DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2021.1987453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Examine white blood cell (WBC) proportions across preeclamptic (n = 28 cases) and normotensive (n = 28 controls) pregnancy in individuals with overweight/obesity.Methods: WBC proportions were inferred from genome-wide DNA methylation data and compared by case/control status and self-identified race.Results: In Trimester 1, ean B cell proportions were suggestively lower in cases in the overall sample and significantly lower in White participants but not in Black participants. More significant WBC proportion changes were observed across normotensive than preeclamptic pregnancy.Conclusions: These findings in a small sample demonstrate need for additional studies investigating the relationship between self-identified race and WBCs in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitali Ray
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lacey W Heinsberg
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yvette P Conley
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James M Roberts
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Global Pregnancy Collaboration, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arun Jeyabalan
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Global Pregnancy Collaboration, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carl A Hubel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel E Weeks
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mandy J Schmella
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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25
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Cormick G, Betrán AP, Harbron J, Seuc A, White C, Roberts JM, Belizán JM, Hofmeyr GJ. The Effect of Calcium Supplementation on Body Weight Before and During Pregnancy in Women Enrolled in the WHO Calcium and Preeclampsia Trial. Food Nutr Bull 2021; 41:332-342. [PMID: 33200626 DOI: 10.1177/0379572120944671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a major and challenging public health problem. The aim of this substudy is to evaluate the effect of calcium supplementation on body weight in women recruited in the Calcium and Preeclampsia trial. METHODS Women were recruited before pregnancy and randomized to receive a calcium supplement containing 500 mg of elemental calcium or placebo until 20 weeks' gestation; all women received 1.5 g from 20 weeks until delivery. RESULTS A total of 630 women conceived during the study, 322 allocated to calcium and 308 to placebo. Among these, 230 allocated to calcium and 227 allocated to placebo had information on body weight at baseline and at 8 weeks' gestation. During the study period, women allocated to calcium had a mean weight increase of 1.1 (SD ±5.5) kg, whereas those allocated to placebo had a mean increase of 1.5 (SD ±6.1) kg, a mean difference of 0.4 kg (95% -0.4 (-1.4 to 0.6); P = .408). Women classified as obese at the start of the trial had a lower body weight gain at 8 weeks' gestation (1.0 kg; 95% CI: -3.2 to 1.2; P = .330) and at 32 weeks' gestation (2.1 kg; 95% CI: 5.6-1.3; P = .225) if they received calcium as compared to placebo. However, none of these differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSION The smaller increase in body weight found in women supplemented with 500 mg elemental calcium daily is quantitatively consistent with previous studies. However, in this study, the difference was not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Cormick
- Department of Mother and Child Health Research, 172472Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, 37716University of Cape Town, South Africa.,Departamento de Salud, 28224Universidad Nacional de La Matanza, San Justo, Argentina
| | - Ana Pilar Betrán
- HRP-UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, Department of Reproductive Health and Research, 3489World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Janetta Harbron
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, 37716University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Armando Seuc
- 217256Instituto Nacional de Higiene, Epidemiología y Microbiología, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Cintia White
- Departamento de Salud, 28224Universidad Nacional de La Matanza, San Justo, Argentina
| | - James M Roberts
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Epidemiology and Clinical and Translational Research 6614University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jose M Belizán
- Department of Mother and Child Health Research, 172472Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Justus Hofmeyr
- Effective Care Research Unit, 37707Universities of the Witwatersrand, Walter Sisulu and Fort Hare, South Africa.,University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
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Makin J, Blount K, Myatt L, Roberts JM. The Global Pregnancy Collaboration (CoLab) Biobank of rare placentas. Placenta 2021; 114:50-51. [PMID: 34450420 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.07.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Many adverse pregnancy outcomes are the result of placental disorders. It has been difficult to decipher the root cause of many of these disorders due to an overlap in identifiable placental pathology and pregnancy outcomes. The reason for this confusion may be related to the lack of an appropriate control placenta. An ideal control placenta that is not related to adverse pregnancy outcomes is rare. We propose our pooled database at the Global Pregnancy Collaboration (CoLab) could be a solution for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Makin
- Assistant Professor of Gynecological Specialties Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences,Magee Women's Hospital of UPMC, USA.
| | - Kasey Blount
- Magee-Womens Research Institute Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Epidemiology and Clinical and Translational Research University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Leslie Myatt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Oregon Health & Science University,Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - James M Roberts
- Magee-Womens Research Institute Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Epidemiology and Clinical and Translational Research University of Pittsburgh, USA
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27
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Hennige SJ, Larsson AI, Orejas C, Gori A, De Clippele LH, Lee YC, Jimeno G, Georgoulas K, Kamenos NA, Roberts JM. Using the Goldilocks Principle to model coral ecosystem engineering. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20211260. [PMID: 34375552 PMCID: PMC8354746 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and proliferation of reef-forming corals is of vast importance in terms of the biodiversity they support and the ecosystem services they provide. The complex three-dimensional structures engineered by corals are comprised of both live and dead coral, and the function, growth and stability of these systems will depend on the ratio of both. To model how the ratio of live : dead coral may change, the ‘Goldilocks Principle’ can be used, where organisms will only flourish if conditions are ‘just right’. With data from particle imaging velocimetry and numerical smooth particle hydrodynamic modelling with two simple rules, we demonstrate how this principle can be applied to a model reef system, and how corals are effectively optimizing their own local flow requirements through habitat engineering. Building on advances here, these approaches can be used in conjunction with numerical modelling to investigate the growth and mortality of biodiversity supporting framework in present-day and future coral reef structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Hennige
- Changing Oceans Group, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A I Larsson
- Department of Marine Sciences, Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C Orejas
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón, IEO, CSIC, Gijón, Spain
| | - A Gori
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L H De Clippele
- Changing Oceans Group, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Y C Lee
- School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, University of Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - G Jimeno
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - K Georgoulas
- Changing Oceans Group, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - N A Kamenos
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J M Roberts
- Changing Oceans Group, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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28
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Roberts JM, van de Poll T, Hague CJ, Murray N. Ultrasound for Suspected Acute Appendicitis in Adult Women Under Age 40: An Evaluation of On-Call Radiology Resident Scanning. Acad Radiol 2021; 28:1169-1173. [PMID: 32807608 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES At our institution, on-call radiology residents perform emergent ultrasounds (US) outside of departmental working hours. The aim of the study was to evaluate radiology resident-performed US for clinically suspected acute appendicitis in women under the age of 40. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective review of 104 consecutive US scans outside of departmental working hours by radiology residents, and 104 consecutive US studies scanned during departmental working hours by sonographers, in women under the age of 40 for clinically suspected appendicitis . RESULTS Appendix visualization rate was 27% for the resident group (sonographer group: 30%, p = 0.759). The sensitivity and specificity of US for appendicitis were 63% (95% confidence interval: 41%-81%) and 98% (95% CI: 91%-100%), respectively for the resident group (sonographer group: 69% [95% CI: 41%-89 %] and 98% [95% CI: 92%-100%], respectively). An alternative cause for right lower quadrant pain was offered in 17% of resident group cases (sonographer group: 21%, p = 0.598). Follow-up CT or MRI was performed in 47% of resident cases (sonographer group: 44%, p = 0.781). Residents performed more focused US (i.e. not imaging the pelvic organs), at 34% (sonographer group: 1%, p < 0.001). When only focused scanning was performed by residents, there was a trend toward increased downstream imaging (CT or MRI), odds ratio = 2.76 (95% CI: 0.99-7.70). CONCLUSIONS Out-of-hours US scans performed by radiology residents had similar performance characteristics compared to departmental sonographers. We discovered an increased rate of downstream imaging in cases in which residents performed limited scans and did not document visualization of the pelvic organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Roberts
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, 11th Floor 2775 Laurel St, Vancouver, BC, V6H 0A5, Canada.
| | | | - Cameron J Hague
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, 11th Floor 2775 Laurel St, Vancouver, BC, V6H 0A5, Canada; Department of Radiology, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - Nicolas Murray
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, 11th Floor 2775 Laurel St, Vancouver, BC, V6H 0A5, Canada; Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC
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29
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Heinsberg LW, Ray M, Conley YP, Roberts JM, Jeyabalan A, Hubel CA, Weeks DE, Schmella MJ. An Exploratory Study of Epigenetic Age in Preeclamptic and Normotensive Pregnancy Reveals Differences by Self-Reported Race but Not Pregnancy Outcome. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:3519-3528. [PMID: 33877642 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00575-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Chronological age and race are associated with preeclampsia, but the role of these factors is not entirely understood. We hypothesized that DNA methylation age, a measure of biological age, would be higher in individuals with preeclampsia than in individuals with normotensive pregnancy and that DNA methylation age would differ by race across pregnancy. This was a longitudinal, exploratory study of 56 pregnant individuals (n = 28 preeclampsia cases and n = 28 normotensive controls). Genome-wide DNA methylation data were generated from trimester-specific peripheral blood samples. DNA methylation age was estimated using the "Improved Precision" clock, and ∆age, the difference between DNA methylation age and chronological age, was computed. DNA methylation age was compared with chronological age using Pearson correlations. The relationships between ∆age and preeclampsia status, self-reported race, and covariates were tested using multiple linear regression and performed both with and without consideration of cell-type heterogeneity. We observed strong correlation between chronological age and DNA methylation age across pregnancy, with significantly stronger correlation observed in White participants than in Black participants. We observed no association between ∆age and preeclampsia status. However, ∆age was higher in participants with higher pre-pregnancy body mass index in trimester 1 and lower in Black participants than in White participants in trimesters 2 and 3. Observations were largely consistent when controlling for cell-type heterogeneity. Our findings in a small sample support the need for additional studies to investigate the relationship between race and biological age, which could provide further insight into racial disparities across pregnancy. However, this study does not support an association between ∆age and preeclampsia status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacey W Heinsberg
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA. .,Division of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Mitali Ray
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yvette P Conley
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.,Department of Health Promotion and Development, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James M Roberts
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Global Pregnancy Collaboration, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Arun Jeyabalan
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Global Pregnancy Collaboration, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carl A Hubel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel E Weeks
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mandy J Schmella
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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30
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Newman K, Wilson R, Roberts JM, Mayo JR, Mohamed Ali AA, Brunner N, Sedlic A. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion for the evaluation of right ventricular function in functional cardiac CT compared to MRI. Clin Radiol 2021; 76:628.e1-628.e7. [PMID: 33879320 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare ejection fraction estimated by tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) using cardiac computed tomography (CT) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to the non-invasive reference standard, volumetric quantification of right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-one patients, who had undergone functional cardiac CT angiogram and cardiac MRI within 12 months, were evaluated retrospectively. Right ventricular (RV) volumes were processed using automated cardiac analysis software for CT, and manually processed by Simpson's method for MRI. MR-TAPSE was defined as the difference in length between two separate reference lines drawn at end diastole and end systole from the lateral tricuspid annulus to the right ventricular apex measured on four-chamber CINE images. CT-TAPSE was determined in an analogous manner on four-chamber reformatted images. RESULTS MR-TAPSE correlated moderately with MR-RVEF, (r=0.57, p<0.001). CT-TAPSE was found to correlate moderately well with MR-RVEF (r=0.58, p<0.001) and CT-RVEF (r=0.63, p<0.001). Bland-Altman analysis repeated with various multiplication factors for CT-TAPSE and MR-RVEF, determined a multiplication factor of 2.7 resulted in the lowest bias (0.74%). CONCLUSION CT-TAPSE is an easily obtainable parameter of RV function and is correlated with CT-RVEF and MR-RVEF. It can function as a quick check to rapidly validate CT right volumetry and estimate MR-RVEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Newman
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - R Wilson
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - J M Roberts
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - J R Mayo
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - A A Mohamed Ali
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - N Brunner
- Department of Cardiology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - A Sedlic
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Columbia, Canada.
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Abstract
The concept that preeclampsia is a multisystemic syndrome is appreciated in both research and clinical care. Our understanding of pathophysiology recognizes the role of inflammation, oxidative and endoplasm reticulum stress, and angiogenic dysfunction. Yet, we have not progressed greatly toward clinically useful prediction nor had substantial success in prevention or treatment. One possibility is that the maternal syndrome may be reached through different pathophysiological pathways, that is, subtypes of preeclampsia, that in their specificity yield more clinical utility. For example, early and late onset preeclampsia are increasingly acknowledged as different pathophysiological processes leading to a common presentation. Other subtypes of preeclampsia are supported by disparate clinical outcomes, long-range prognosis, organ systems involved, and risk factors. These insights have been supplemented by discovery-driven methods, which cluster preeclampsia cases into groups indicating different pathophysiologies. In this presentation, we review likely subtypes based on current knowledge and suggest others. We present a consideration of the requirements for a clinically meaningful preeclampsia subtype. A useful subtype should (1) identify a specific pathophysiological pathway or (2) specifically indicate maternal or fetal outcome, (3) be recognizable in a clinically useful time frame, and (4) these results should be reproducible and generalizable (but at varying frequency) including in low resource settings. We recommend that the default consideration be that preeclampsia includes several subtypes rather than trying to force all cases into a single pathophysiological pathway. The recognition of subtypes and deciphering their different pathophysiologies will provide specific targets for prevention, prediction, and treatment directing personalized care.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Roberts
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Epidemiology and Clinical and Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh (J.M.R.)
| | - Janet W Rich-Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA (J.W.R.-E.).,Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine (J.W.R.-E.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas F McElrath
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine (T.F.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lana Garmire
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Medical School, University of Michigan (L.G.)
| | - Leslie Myatt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Moore Institute of Nutrition and Wellness, Oregon Health and Science University (L.M.)
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32
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Hofmeyr GJ, Seuc A, Betrán AP, Cormick G, Singata M, Fawcus S, Mose S, Frank K, Hall D, Belizán J, Roberts JM, Magee LA, von Dadelszen P. The effect of calcium supplementation on blood pressure in non-pregnant women with previous pre-eclampsia: A randomized placebo-controlled study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021; 23:91-96. [PMID: 33302116 PMCID: PMC7910271 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low dietary calcium is associated with the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and evidence suggests that the risks associated with pre-eclampsia are reduced by calcium supplementation. In the general (non-pregnant) population, low dietary calcium intake is associated with hypertension with inconsistent evidence that calcium supplementation may reduce blood pressure. Women with pre-eclampsia are also at risk of hypertension later in life. An exploratory sub-study among early participants enrolled in the WHO long-term calcium supplementation in women at high risk of pre-eclampsia (CAP) study reported a trend to more blood pressure reduction with calcium in non-pregnant women with previous severe as opposed to non-severe pre-eclampsia. The current study reports the effects of low-dose calcium supplementation in non-pregnant women in the complete trial cohort. METHODS The CAP Study was a multi-country randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial to test the hypothesis that calcium deficiency may play a role in the genesis of pre-eclampsia in early pregnancy. From 2011 to 2016, non-pregnant women who had pre-eclampsia or eclampsia in their most recent pregnancy were randomized to receive either 500 mg/day elemental calcium or placebo. In this sub-study we compared the change in blood pressure from baseline to the 12-week visit between participants receiving calcium versus placebo for those not pregnant at the 12-week visit. RESULTS Of 1355 women randomized, 810 attended a 12-week visit without being pregnant, of whom 791 had blood pressure measurements available for both baseline and 12-week visits. There was a greater reduction in blood pressure in the calcium group compared with the placebo group for systolic pressure (difference 3.1 mmHg, 95% CI 0.8 to 5.4) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) (difference 2.0 mmHg, 95% CI 0.1 to 3.8). The difference in diastolic blood pressure reduction (1.4 mmHg, 95% CI -0.5 to 3.3) was not statistically significant (p = 0.140). For women with previous pre-eclampsia with severe features (n = 447), there was significantly greater reduction in blood pressure in the calcium than the placebo group (difference for systolic 4.0, 95% CI 0.7 to 7.3; diastolic 3.0, 95% CI 0.5 to 5.5 and mean arterial pressure 3.3, 95% CI 0.8 to 5.9 mmHg). For women with previous pre-eclampsia without severe features (n = 344), there were no significant differences between calcium and placebo groups. ANOVA analysis found no statistically significant interaction between previous pre-eclampsia severity and treatment, for systolic (p = 0.372), diastolic (p = 0.063) or mean blood pressure (p = 0.103). CONCLUSIONS Low-dose calcium supplementation significantly reduced systolic and mean arterial pressure in non-pregnant women with previous pre-eclampsia. We did not confirm a greater calcium effect in women with previous pre-eclampsia with severe versus non-severe features. The effect of low-dose calcium is of importance since even modest blood pressure reductions at a population level may have important benefits in terms of reduced major complications of hypertension. This study adds to the mounting evidence of health benefits which could be achieved for populations with low dietary calcium through strategies to increase calcium intake, particularly among women at high risk due to previous pre-eclampsia. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered with the Pan-African Clinical Trials Registry, registration number PACTR201105000267371 (https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=267).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Justus Hofmeyr
- Effective Care Research Unit, Eastern Cape Department of Health/Universities of the Witwatersrand, Walter Sisulu and Fort Hare, South Africa; University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Armando Seuc
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ana Pilar Betrán
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Gabriela Cormick
- Department of Mother and Child Health Research, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mandisa Singata
- Effective Care Research Unit, Eastern Cape Department of Health/Universities of the Witwatersrand, Walter Sisulu and Fort Hare, South Africa; University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Sue Fawcus
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Simpiwe Mose
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Karlyn Frank
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - David Hall
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - José Belizán
- Department of Mother and Child Health Research, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - James M Roberts
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Epidemiology and Clinical and Translational Research University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Laura A Magee
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Peter von Dadelszen
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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33
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Gorham PW, Ludwig A, Deaconu C, Cao P, Allison P, Banerjee O, Batten L, Bhattacharya D, Beatty JJ, Belov K, Binns WR, Bugaev V, Chen CH, Chen P, Chen Y, Clem JM, Cremonesi L, Dailey B, Dowkontt PF, Fox BD, Gordon JWH, Hast C, Hill B, Hsu SY, Huang JJ, Hughes K, Hupe R, Israel MH, Liu TC, Macchiarulo L, Matsuno S, McBride K, Miki C, Nam J, Naudet CJ, Nichol RJ, Novikov A, Oberla E, Olmedo M, Prechelt R, Rauch BF, Roberts JM, Romero-Wolf A, Rotter B, Russell JW, Saltzberg D, Seckel D, Schoorlemmer H, Shiao J, Stafford S, Stockham J, Stockham M, Strutt B, Sutherland MS, Varner GS, Vieregg AG, Wang SH, Wissel SA. Unusual Near-Horizon Cosmic-Ray-like Events Observed by ANITA-IV. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:071103. [PMID: 33666466 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.071103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ANITA's fourth long-duration balloon flight in 2016 detected 29 cosmic-ray (CR)-like events on a background of 0.37_{-0.17}^{+0.27} anthropogenic events. CRs are mainly seen in reflection off the Antarctic ice sheets, creating a phase-inverted waveform polarity. However, four of the below-horizon CR-like events show anomalous noninverted polarity, a p=5.3×10^{-4} chance if due to background. All anomalous events are from locations near the horizon; ANITA-IV observed no steeply upcoming anomalous events similar to the two such events seen in prior flights.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Gorham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Ludwig
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - C Deaconu
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - P Cao
- Department of Physics, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - P Allison
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - O Banerjee
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - L Batten
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - D Bhattacharya
- Department of Mathematics, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - J J Beatty
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - K Belov
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - W R Binns
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - V Bugaev
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - C H Chen
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute of Astrophysics, and Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - P Chen
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute of Astrophysics, and Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute of Astrophysics, and Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - J M Clem
- Department of Physics, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - L Cremonesi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - B Dailey
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - P F Dowkontt
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - B D Fox
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J W H Gordon
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Hill
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - S Y Hsu
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute of Astrophysics, and Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - J J Huang
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute of Astrophysics, and Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - K Hughes
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R Hupe
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - M H Israel
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - T C Liu
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - L Macchiarulo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - S Matsuno
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - K McBride
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - C Miki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J Nam
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute of Astrophysics, and Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - C J Naudet
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - R J Nichol
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - A Novikov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
- National Research Nuclear University, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - E Oberla
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - M Olmedo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - R Prechelt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - B F Rauch
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - J M Roberts
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Romero-Wolf
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - B Rotter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J W Russell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - D Saltzberg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - D Seckel
- Department of Physics, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - H Schoorlemmer
- Max-Planck-Institute für Kernphysik, 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Shiao
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute of Astrophysics, and Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - S Stafford
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - J Stockham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - M Stockham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - B Strutt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M S Sutherland
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - G S Varner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A G Vieregg
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - S H Wang
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute of Astrophysics, and Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - S A Wissel
- Department of Physics, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, USA
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Heald CL, Gouw JD, Goldstein AH, Guenther AB, Hayes PL, Hu W, Isaacman-VanWertz G, Jimenez JL, Keutsch FN, Koss AR, Misztal PK, Rappenglück B, Roberts JM, Stevens PS, Washenfelder RA, Warneke C, Young CJ. Contrasting Reactive Organic Carbon Observations in the Southeast United States (SOAS) and Southern California (CalNex). Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:14923-14935. [PMID: 33205951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the central role of reactive organic carbon (ROC) in the formation of secondary species that impact global air quality and climate, our assessment of ROC abundance and impacts is challenged by the diversity of species that contribute to it. We revisit measurements of ROC species made during two field campaigns in the United States: the 2013 SOAS campaign in forested Centreville, AL, and the 2010 CalNex campaign in urban Pasadena, CA. We find that average measured ROC concentrations are about twice as high in Pasadena (73.8 μgCsm-3) than in Centreville (36.5 μgCsm-3). However, the OH reactivity (OHR) measured at these sites is similar (20.1 and 19.3 s-1). The shortfall in OHR when summing up measured contributions is 31%, at Pasadena and 14% at Centreville, suggesting that there may be a larger reservoir of unmeasured ROC at the former site. Estimated O3 production and SOA potential (defined as concentration × yield) are both higher during CalNex than SOAS. This analysis suggests that the ROC in urban California is less reactive, but due to higher concentrations of oxides of nitrogen and hydroxyl radicals, is more efficient in terms of O3 and SOA production, than in the forested southeastern U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette L Heald
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joost de Gouw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Allen H Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alex B Guenther
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine,California 92697, United States
| | - Patrick L Hayes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Gabriel Isaacman-VanWertz
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jose L Jimenez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Frank N Keutsch
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Abigail R Koss
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Chemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Pawel K Misztal
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bernhard Rappenglück
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - James M Roberts
- Chemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Philip S Stevens
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Rebecca A Washenfelder
- Chemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Carsten Warneke
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Chemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Cora J Young
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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Rietze AH, Conley YP, Ren D, Anderson CM, Roberts JM, Jeyabalan A, Hubel CA, Schmella MJ. DNA Methylation of Endoglin Pathway Genes in Pregnant Women With and Without Preeclampsia. Epigenet Insights 2020; 13:2516865720959682. [PMID: 33103056 PMCID: PMC7550939 DOI: 10.1177/2516865720959682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We compared blood-based DNA methylation levels of endoglin (ENG) and transforming growth factor beta receptor 2 (TGFβR2) gene promoter regions between women with clinically-overt preeclampsia and women with uncomplicated, normotensive pregnancies. Methods We used EpiTect Methyl II PCR Assays to evaluate DNA methylation of CpG islands located in promoter regions of ENG (CpG Island 114642) and TGFβR2 (CpG Island 110111). Preeclampsia was diagnosed based on blood pressure, protein, and uric acid criteria. N = 21 nulliparous preeclampsia case participants were 1:1 frequency matched to N = 21 nulliparous normotensive control participants on gestational age at sample collection (±2 weeks), smoking status, and labor status at sample collection. Methylation values were compared between case and control participant groups [(ENG subset: n = 20 (9 cases, 11 controls); TGFβR2 subset: n = 28 (15 cases, 13 controls)]. Results The majority of the preeclampsia cases delivered at ⩾34 weeks' gestation (83%). Average methylation levels for ENG ([M ± (SD)]; Case Participant Group = 6.54% ± 4.57 versus Control Participant group = 4.81% ± 5.08; P = .102) and TGFβR2 (Case Participant Group = 1.50% ± 1.37 vs Control Participant Group = 1.70% ± 1.40; P = .695) promoter CpG islands did not differ significantly between the participant groups. Removal of 2 extreme outliers in the ENG analytic subset revealed a trend between levels of ENG methylation and pregnancy outcome (Case Participant Group = 5.17% ± 2.16 vs Control Participant Group = 3.36% ± 1.73; P = .062). Conclusion Additional epigenetic studies that include larger sample sizes, investigate preeclampsia subtypes, and capture methylation status of CpG island shores and shelves are needed to further inform us of the potential role that ENG and TGFβR2 DNA methylation plays in preeclampsia pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison H Rietze
- Department of Health Promotion and Development (School of Nursing), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yvette P Conley
- Department of Health Promotion and Development (School of Nursing), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics (Graduate School of Public Health), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dianxu Ren
- Department of Health and Community Systems (School of Nursing), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cindy M Anderson
- Martha S Pitzer Center for Women, Children, and Youth (College of Nursing), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - James M Roberts
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences (School of Medicine), University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology (Graduate School of Public Health), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Arun Jeyabalan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences (School of Medicine), University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carl A Hubel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences (School of Medicine), University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mandy J Schmella
- Department of Health Promotion and Development (School of Nursing), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Vad J, Dunnett F, Liu F, Montagner CC, Roberts JM, Henry TB. Soaking up the oil: Biological impacts of dispersants and crude oil on the sponge Halichondria panicea. Chemosphere 2020; 257:127109. [PMID: 32497834 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Used during an oil spill to minimise the formation of an oil slick, dispersants have negative biological effects on marine model organisms. However, no study has investigated the impacts of dispersants on adult sponge individuals. Here, we examine the effects of water accommodated oil fraction (WAF - oil in seawater), chemically enhanced WAF (CEWAF - oil and dispersant in seawater) and Benzo[A]Pyrene on sponge Halichondria panicea at physiological and molecular levels. Sponge clearance rate decreased sharply when exposed to WAF and CEWAF but the oil loading at which the clearance rate was reduced by 50% (ED50) was 39-fold lower in CEWAF than in WAF. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a homogenous molecular response with the greatest number of differentially expressed genes identified in CEWAF samples (1,461 genes). Specifically, genes involved in stress responses were up-regulated. This study presents evidence that the use of dispersants should be considered carefully in areas where sponges are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vad
- Changing Oceans Research Group, Grant Institute, School of Geosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - F Dunnett
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - F Liu
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK; Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, UK
| | - C C Montagner
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - J M Roberts
- Changing Oceans Research Group, Grant Institute, School of Geosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - T B Henry
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK; Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, Tennessee, USA
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Roberts JM, Greenlaw K, English JC, Mayo JR, Sedlic A. Radiological-pathological correlation of subsolid pulmonary nodules: A single centre retrospective evaluation of the 2011 IASLC adenocarcinoma classification system. Lung Cancer 2020; 147:39-44. [PMID: 32659599 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The 2011 IASLC classification system proposes guidelines for radiologists and pathologists to classify adenocarcinomas spectrum lesions as preinvasive, minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), or invasive adenocarcinoma (IA). IA portends the worst clinical prognosis, and the imaging distinction between MIA and IA is controversial. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subsolid pulmonary nodules resected by microcoil localization over a three-year period were retrospectively reviewed by three chest radiologists and a pulmonary pathologist. Nodules were classified radiologically based on preoperative computed tomography (CT), with the solid nodule component measured on mediastinal windows applied to high-frequency lung kernel reconstructions, and pathologically according to 2011 IASLC criteria. Radiology interobserver and radiological-pathological variability of nodule classification, and potential reasons for nodule classification discordance were assessed. RESULTS Seventy-one subsolid nodules in 67 patients were included. The average size of invasive disease focus at histopathology was 5 mm (standard deviation 5 mm). Radiology interobserver agreement of nodule classification was good (Cohen's Kappa = 0.604, 95 % CI: 0.447 to 0.761). Agreement between consensus radiological interpretation and pathological category was fair (Cohen's Kappa = 0.236, 95 % CI: 0.054-0.421). Radiological and pathological nodule classification were concordant in 52 % (37 of 71) of nodules. The IASLC proposed CT solid component cut-off of 5 mm to distinguish MIA and IA yielded a sensitivity of 59 % and specificity of 80 %. Common reasons for nodule classification discordance included multiple solid components within a nodule on CT, scar and stromal collapse at pathology, and measurement variability. CONCLUSION Solid component(s) within persistent part-solid pulmonary nodules raise suspicion for invasive adenocarcinoma. Preoperative imaging classification is frequently discordant from final pathology, reflecting interpretive and technical challenges in radiological and pathological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Roberts
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, 910 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
| | - Kristin Greenlaw
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, 910 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - John C English
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, 910 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - John R Mayo
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, 910 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Anto Sedlic
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, 910 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
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Roberts JM, Countouris M. White Coat Hypertension in Pregnancy: The Challenge of Combining Inconsistent Data. Hypertension 2020; 76:35-37. [PMID: 32520624 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James M Roberts
- From the Magee-Womens Research Institute, Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Epidemiology and Clinical and Translational Research (J.M.R.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Malamo Countouris
- UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute (M.C.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
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Bramham K, Villa PM, Joslin JR, Laivuori H, Hämäläinen E, Kajantie E, Räikkönen K, Pesonen A, Seed P, Dalton RN, Turner C, Wong M, Von Dadelszen P, Roberts JM, Poston L, Chappell LC. Predisposition to superimposed preeclampsia in women with chronic hypertension: endothelial, renal, cardiac, and placental factors in a prospective longitudinal cohort. Hypertens Pregnancy 2020; 39:326-335. [DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2020.1769643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Bramham
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Pia M. Villa
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jennifer R. Joslin
- Department of Renal Sciences, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Hannele Laivuori
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esa Hämäläinen
- Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University Of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Paul Seed
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - R Neil Dalton
- WellChild Laboratory, King’s College London and King’s Health Partners, London, UK
| | - Charles Turner
- WellChild Laboratory, King’s College London and King’s Health Partners, London, UK
| | - Max Wong
- WellChild Laboratory, King’s College London and King’s Health Partners, London, UK
| | - Peter Von Dadelszen
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - James M Roberts
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lucilla Poston
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Lucy C Chappell
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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Benschop L, Schalekamp-Timmermans S, Broere-Brown ZA, Roeters van Lennep JE, Jaddoe VWV, Roos-Hesselink JW, Ikram MK, Steegers EAP, Roberts JM, Gandley RE. Placental Growth Factor as an Indicator of Maternal Cardiovascular Risk After Pregnancy. Circulation 2020; 139:1698-1709. [PMID: 30760000 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.036632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenic placental growth factor (PlGF) concentrations rise during pregnancy, peaking at the end of midpregnancy. Low PlGF concentrations during pregnancy are associated with pregnancy complications with recognized later-life cardiovascular risk. We hypothesized that low PlGF concentrations, especially in midpregnancy, identify not only a subset of women at risk for pregnancy complications but also women with greater cardiovascular risk factor burden after pregnancy regardless of pregnancy outcome. METHODS In a population-based prospective cohort study of 5475 women, we computed gestational age-adjusted multiples of the medians of early pregnancy and midpregnancy PlGF concentrations. Information on pregnancy complications (preeclampsia, small for gestational age, and spontaneous preterm birth) was obtained from hospital registries. Six years after pregnancy, we measured maternal systolic and diastolic blood pressures, cardiac structure (aortic root diameter, left atrial diameter, left ventricular mass, and fractional shortening), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, and central retinal arteriolar and venular calibers. Blood pressure was also measured 9 years after pregnancy. RESULTS Women were on average 29.8 (SD, 5.2) years of age in pregnancy, were mostly European (55.2%), and 14.8% developed a pregnancy complication. Quartile analysis showed that especially women with midpregnancy PlGF in the lowest quartile (the low-PlGF subset) had a larger aortic root diameter (0.40 mm [95% CI, 0.08-0.73]), left atrial diameter (0.34 mm [95% CI, -0.09 to 0.78]), left ventricular mass (4.6 g [95% CI, 1.1-8.1]), and systolic blood pressure (2.3 mm Hg [95% CI, 0.93-3.6]) 6 years after pregnancy than women with the highest PlGF. Linear regression analysis showed that higher midpregnancy PlGF concentrations were associated with a smaller aortic root diameter (-0.24 mm [95% CI, -0.39 to -0.10]), smaller left atrial diameter (-0.75 mm [95% CI, -0.95 to -0.56]), lower left ventricular mass (-3.9 g [95% CI, -5.5 to -2.3]), and lower systolic blood pressure (-1.1 mm Hg [95% CI, -1.7 to -0.46]). These differences persisted after the exclusion of women with complicated pregnancies. CONCLUSIONS Women with low PlGF in midpregnancy have a greater aortic root diameter, left atrial diameter, and left ventricular mass and higher systolic blood pressure 6 and 9 years after pregnancy compared to women with higher PlGF, including women with uncomplicated pregnancies. The pathophysiological implications of lower PlGF concentrations in midpregnancy might provide insight into the identification of pathways contributing to greater cardiovascular risk factor burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Benschop
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.B., S.S.-T., Z.A.B.-B., E.A.P.S.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah Schalekamp-Timmermans
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.B., S.S.-T., Z.A.B.-B., E.A.P.S.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Zoe A Broere-Brown
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.B., S.S.-T., Z.A.B.-B., E.A.P.S.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- Epidemiology (V.W.V.J.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Pediatrics (V.W.V.J.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - M Kamran Ikram
- Epidemiology and Neurology (M.K.I.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric A P Steegers
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.B., S.S.-T., Z.A.B.-B., E.A.P.S.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - James M Roberts
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (J.M.R., R.E.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Epidemiology and Clinical and Translational Research (J.M.R.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Robin E Gandley
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (J.M.R., R.E.G.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
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41
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Templeton DJ, Williamson C, Jin F, Hillman RJ, Roberts JM, Law C, Fairley CK, Garland SM, Grulich AE, Poynten IM. Prevalence and associations of larger burden of intra-anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions at baseline in an Australian cohort of gay and bisexual men: The Study of the Prevention of Anal Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol 2020; 64:101661. [PMID: 31918181 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2019.101661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate factors associated with larger burden of intra-anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) in a natural history study of HSIL. METHODS 617 gay and bisexual men (GBM) attended a baseline visit. High-resolution anoscopy-directed biopsy was performed of suspected HSIL. GBM with biopsy-confirmed HSIL (bHSIL) affecting a single-octant were compared with those who had bHSIL affecting a larger area. RESULTS Of 196 men with bHSIL at baseline, 73 (37.2 %) had larger bHSIL burden. Larger burden was independently associated with anal HPV16 detection (aOR 2.06, 95 % CI 1.09-3.89, p = 0.026) and infection with a greater number of high-risk HPV types (aOR per type increase 1.25, 95 % CI 1.05-1.49, p-trend = 0.010). CONCLUSION The observation that men with a larger burden of HSIL also had more risk factors for anal cancer suggests this group may warrant closer observation to ensure earlier detection, and thus improved prognosis, of individuals whose HSIL may progress to anal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Templeton
- The Kirby Institute, Wallace Wurth Building, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia; Department of Sexual Health Medicine, Sydney Local Heath District, 16 Marsden Street, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | - C Williamson
- Department of Sexual Health Medicine, Sydney Local Heath District, 16 Marsden Street, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; The University of Aberdeen, School of Medicine and Dentristy, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - F Jin
- The Kirby Institute, Wallace Wurth Building, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia.
| | - R J Hillman
- St Vincent's Hospital, 390 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.
| | - J M Roberts
- Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, 14 Giffnock Avenue, Macquarie Park, Sydney, New South Wales 2113, Australia.
| | - C Law
- St Vincent's Hospital, 390 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.
| | - C K Fairley
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, 580 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia.
| | - S M Garland
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Women's Hospital, 20 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Infection Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, New South Wales 3052, Australia.
| | - A E Grulich
- The Kirby Institute, Wallace Wurth Building, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia.
| | - I M Poynten
- The Kirby Institute, Wallace Wurth Building, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia.
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Roberts JM, Countouris ME. Letter by Roberts and Countouris Regarding Article, "Impact of the 2017 ACC/AHA Guideline for High Blood Pressure on Evaluating Gestational Hypertension-Associated Risks for Newborns and Mothers". Circ Res 2020; 126:e3-e4. [PMID: 31895656 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.316346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James M Roberts
- From the Magee-Womens Research Institute, Epidemiology and Clinical and Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.M.R.)
| | - Malamo E Countouris
- the UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.E.C.)
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Maric-Bilkan C, Abrahams VM, Arteaga SS, Bourjeily G, Conrad KP, Catov JM, Costantine MM, Cox B, Garovic V, George EM, Gernand AD, Jeyabalan A, Karumanchi SA, Laposky AD, Miodovnik M, Mitchell M, Pemberton VL, Reddy UM, Santillan MK, Tsigas E, Thornburg KLR, Ward K, Myatt L, Roberts JM. Research Recommendations From the National Institutes of Health Workshop on Predicting, Preventing, and Treating Preeclampsia. Hypertension 2019; 73:757-766. [PMID: 30686084 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Maric-Bilkan
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (C.M.-B., S.S.A., V.L.P.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Vikki M Abrahams
- Department of Ob/Gyn and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (V.M.A.)
| | - S Sonia Arteaga
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (C.M.-B., S.S.A., V.L.P.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ghada Bourjeily
- Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (G.B.)
| | - Kirk P Conrad
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics and Ob/Gyn, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (K.P.C.)
| | - Janet M Catov
- Department of Ob/Gyn and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Women's Research Institute and Clinical and Translational Sciences Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.M.C., A.J., J.M.R.)
| | - Maged M Costantine
- Department of Ob/Gyn, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.M.C.)
| | - Brian Cox
- Department of Physiology and Ob/Gyn, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (B.C.)
| | - Vesna Garovic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Ob/Gyn, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (V.G.)
| | - Eric M George
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (E.M.G.)
| | - Alison D Gernand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University (A.D.G.)
| | - Arun Jeyabalan
- Department of Ob/Gyn and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Women's Research Institute and Clinical and Translational Sciences Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.M.C., A.J., J.M.R.)
| | - S Ananth Karumanchi
- Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.A.K.)
| | - Aaron D Laposky
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Center on Sleep Disorders Research (A.D.L.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Menachem Miodovnik
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Pregnancy and Perinatology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (M. Miodovnik, U.M.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Megan Mitchell
- Division of Extramural Research Activities (M. Mitchell), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Victoria L Pemberton
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (C.M.-B., S.S.A., V.L.P.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Uma M Reddy
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Pregnancy and Perinatology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (M. Miodovnik, U.M.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mark K Santillan
- Department of Ob/Gyn, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.K.S.)
| | | | - Kent L R Thornburg
- Bob & Charlee Moore Institute for Nutrition & Wellness, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (K.L.R.T.)
| | | | - Leslie Myatt
- Bob & Charlee Moore Institute for Nutrition & Wellness and Department of Ob/Gyn, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (L.M.)
| | - James M Roberts
- Department of Ob/Gyn and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Women's Research Institute and Clinical and Translational Sciences Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.M.C., A.J., J.M.R.)
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Marshall P, Papadimitriou VC, Papanastasiou DK, Roberts JM, Burkholder JB. UV and infrared absorption spectra and 248 nm photolysis of maleic anhydride (C4H2O3). J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.111953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bergman L, Torres-Vergara P, Penny J, Wikström J, Nelander M, Leon J, Tolcher M, Roberts JM, Wikström AK, Escudero C. Investigating Maternal Brain Alterations in Preeclampsia: the Need for a Multidisciplinary Effort. Curr Hypertens Rep 2019; 21:72. [PMID: 31375930 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-019-0977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide insight into the mechanisms underlying cerebral pathophysiology and to highlight possible methods for evaluation, screening, and surveillance of cerebral complications in preeclampsia. RECENT FINDINGS The pathophysiology of eclampsia remains enigmatic. Animal studies show that the cerebral circulation in pregnancy and preeclampsia might be affected with increased permeability over the blood-brain barrier and altered cerebral blood flow due to impaired cerebral autoregulation. The increased blood pressure cannot be the only underlying cause of eclampsia and cerebral edema, since some cases of eclampsia arise without simultaneous hypertension. Findings from animal studies need to be confirmed in human tissues. Evaluation of brain alterations in preeclampsia and eclampsia is challenging and demands a multidisciplinary collaboration, since no single method can accurately and fully describe how preeclampsia affects the brain. Cerebral complications of preeclampsia are significant factors in maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. No single method can accurately describe the full picture of how preeclampsia affects the brain vasculature and parenchyma. We recommend an international and multidisciplinary effort not only to overcome the issue of limited sample availability but also to optimize the quality of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Bergman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Falun, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Pablo Torres-Vergara
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Chillán, Chile
| | - Jeffrey Penny
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Johan Wikström
- Department of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Nelander
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jose Leon
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Chillán, Chile
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis, (LFV-GIANT), Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Mary Tolcher
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - James M Roberts
- Magee Womens Research Institute, Dept of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Epidemiology and Clinical and Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anna-Karin Wikström
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carlos Escudero
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Chillán, Chile.
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis, (LFV-GIANT), Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile.
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Abstract
Pre-eclampsia is a common disorder that particularly affects first pregnancies. The clinical presentation is highly variable but hypertension and proteinuria are usually seen. These systemic signs arise from soluble factors released from the placenta as a result of a response to stress of syncytiotrophoblast. There are two sub-types: early and late onset pre-eclampsia, with others almost certainly yet to be identified. Early onset pre-eclampsia arises owing to defective placentation, whilst late onset pre-eclampsia may center around interactions between normal senescence of the placenta and a maternal genetic predisposition to cardiovascular and metabolic disease. The causes, placental and maternal, vary among individuals. Recent research has focused on placental-uterine interactions in early pregnancy. The aim now is to translate these findings into new ways to predict, prevent, and treat pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham J Burton
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - James M Roberts
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Depts. Obstetric Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Epidemiology, and Clinical and Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Ashley Moffett
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, UK
- Dept of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK
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Chen X, Millet DB, Singh HB, Wisthaler A, Apel EC, Atlas EL, Blake DR, Bourgeois I, Brown SS, Crounse JD, de Gouw JA, Flocke FM, Fried A, Heikes BG, Hornbrook RS, Mikoviny T, Min KE, Müller M, Neuman JA, O'Sullivan DW, Peischl J, Pfister GG, Richter D, Roberts JM, Ryerson TB, Shertz SR, Thompson CR, Treadaway V, Veres PR, Walega J, Warneke C, Washenfelder RA, Weibring P, Yuan B. On the sources and sinks of atmospheric VOCs: an integrated analysis of recent aircraft campaigns over North America. Atmos Chem Phys 2019; 19:9097-9123. [PMID: 33688334 PMCID: PMC7939023 DOI: 10.5194/acp-19-9097-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We apply a high-resolution chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem CTM) with updated treatment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and a comprehensive suite of airborne datasets over North America to (i) characterize the VOC budget and (ii) test the ability of current models to capture the distribution and reactivity of atmospheric VOCs over this region. Biogenic emissions dominate the North American VOC budget in the model, accounting for 70 % and 95 % of annually emitted VOC carbon and reactivity, respectively. Based on current inventories anthropogenic emissions have declined to the point where biogenic emissions are the dominant summertime source of VOC reactivity even in most major North American cities. Methane oxidation is a 2x larger source of nonmethane VOCs (via production of formaldehyde and methyl hydroperoxide) over North America in the model than are anthropogenic emissions. However, anthropogenic VOCs account for over half of the ambient VOC loading over the majority of the region owing to their longer aggregate lifetime. Fires can be a significant VOC source episodically but are small on average. In the planetary boundary layer (PBL), the model exhibits skill in capturing observed variability in total VOC abundance (R 2 = 0:36) and reactivity (R 2 = 0:54). The same is not true in the free troposphere (FT), where skill is low and there is a persistent low model bias (~ 60 %), with most (27 of 34) model VOCs underestimated by more than a factor of 2. A comparison of PBL: FT concentration ratios over the southeastern US points to a misrepresentation of PBL ventilation as a contributor to these model FT biases. We also find that a relatively small number of VOCs (acetone, methanol, ethane, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, isoprene C oxidation products, methyl hydroperoxide) drive a large fraction of total ambient VOC reactivity and associated model biases; research to improve understanding of their budgets is thus warranted. A source tracer analysis suggests a current overestimate of biogenic sources for hydroxyacetone, methyl ethyl ketone and glyoxal, an underestimate of biogenic formic acid sources, and an underestimate of peroxyacetic acid production across biogenic and anthropogenic precursors. Future work to improve model representations of vertical transport and to address the VOC biases discussed are needed to advance predictions of ozone and SOA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis-Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Dylan B. Millet
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis-Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Armin Wisthaler
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eric C. Apel
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Elliot L. Atlas
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Donald R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ilann Bourgeois
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Steven S. Brown
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - John D. Crounse
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Joost A. de Gouw
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Frank M. Flocke
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Alan Fried
- Institute of Arctic & Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Brian G. Heikes
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Rebecca S. Hornbrook
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Tomas Mikoviny
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kyung-Eun Min
- School of Earth Science and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Markus Müller
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J. Andrew Neuman
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Jeff Peischl
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Gabriele G. Pfister
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Dirk Richter
- Institute of Arctic & Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - James M. Roberts
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Thomas B. Ryerson
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Stephen R. Shertz
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Chelsea R. Thompson
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Victoria Treadaway
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Patrick R. Veres
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - James Walega
- Institute of Arctic & Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Carsten Warneke
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Petter Weibring
- Institute of Arctic & Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Bin Yuan
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Ananth CV, Jablonski K, Myatt L, Roberts JM, Tita ATN, Leveno KJ, Reddy UM, Varner MW, Thorp JM, Mercer BM, Peaceman AM, Ramin SM, Carpenter MW, Samuels P, Sciscione A, Tolosa JE, Saade G, Sorokin Y. Risk of Ischemic Placental Disease in Relation to Family History of Preeclampsia. Am J Perinatol 2019; 36:624-631. [PMID: 30282103 PMCID: PMC6447463 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1672177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the risk of ischemic placental disease (IPD) including preeclampsia, small for gestational age (SGA), and abruption, in relation to preeclampsia in maternal grandmother, mother, and sister(s). STUDY DESIGN We performed a secondary analysis of data from a randomized trial of vitamins C and E for preeclampsia prevention. Data on family history of preeclampsia were based on recall by the proband. The associations between family history of preeclampsia and the odds of IPD were evaluated from alternating logistic regressions. RESULTS Of the 9,686 women who delivered nonmalformed, singleton live births, 17.1% had IPD. Probands provided data on preeclampsia in 55.5% (n = 5,374) on all three family members, 26.5% (n = 2,562) in mother and sister(s) only, and 11.6% (n = 1,125) in sister(s) only. The pairwise odds ratio (pOR) of IPD was 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00-1.36) if one or more of the female relatives had preeclampsia. The pORs of preeclampsia were 1.54 (95% CI: 1.12-2.13) and 1.35 (95% CI: 1.03-1.77) if the proband's mother or sister(s) had a preeclamptic pregnancy, respectively, but no associations were seen for SGA infant or abruption. CONCLUSION This study suggests that IPD may share a predisposition with preeclampsia, suggesting a familial inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cande V Ananth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Kathleen Jablonski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biostatistics Center, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Leslie Myatt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - James M Roberts
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alan T N Tita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kenneth J Leveno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Michael W Varner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - John M Thorp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brian M Mercer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Alan M Peaceman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Susan M Ramin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Marshall W Carpenter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Philip Samuels
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Anthony Sciscione
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jorge E Tolosa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - George Saade
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Yoram Sorokin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
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Cantonwine DE, McElrath TF, Trabert B, Xu X, Sampson J, Roberts JM, Hoover RN, Troisi R. Estrogen metabolism pathways in preeclampsia and normal pregnancy. Steroids 2019; 144:8-14. [PMID: 30685337 PMCID: PMC6681456 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies suggest that shallow uterine cytotrophoblastic invasion in preeclampsia may be associated with alterations in estrogen metabolism. The objective of this study was to examine the association of parent estrogens and their metabolites between preeclamptics and normotensive controls at three time points during pregnancy. Methods Parent estrogens and their metabolites were measured in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in 66 singleton preeclampsia cases and 137 matched controls. Percent change in geometric means were estimated by general linear models adjusted for gestational age at sampling, maternal age, parity, race, body mass index, and use of assisted reproductive technologies. Results Urinary estradiol concentrations were approximately 50% higher in early pregnancy in preeclampsia cases than controls, but similar late in pregnancy. There was an approximate 20% reduction in total 2-pathway metabolites and 4-pathway metabolites in cases compared with controls in mid- and later pregnancy that was slightly attenuated with adjustment for BMI, and a reduction in 16-pathways in mid-pregnancy but not later. Conclusion(s) Our findings show that estradiol concentrations were elevated in preeclampsia versus controls in early pregnancy. In mid-pregnancy, all three estrogen metabolism (2-, 4-, and 16-) pathways showed some reduction in preeclampsia that appeared to continue for the 2- and 4-pathways in late pregnancy. We hypothesize that this may indicate that there is a generalized reduction in estrogen metabolism in preeclampsia rather than a deficit of specific enzymes, such as those involved in the 2-hydroxylation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Cantonwine
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Thomas F McElrath
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Britton Trabert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Xia Xu
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Joshua Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - James M Roberts
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Epidemiology and Clinical and Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Rebecca Troisi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, United States
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Toledo-Jaldin L, Bull S, Contag S, Escudero C, Gutierrez P, Heath A, Roberts JM, Scandlyn J, Julian CG, Moore LG. Critical barriers for preeclampsia diagnosis and treatment in low-resource settings: An example from Bolivia. Pregnancy Hypertens 2019; 16:139-144. [PMID: 31056149 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The goals of the United Nation's Millennium Summit for reducing maternal mortality have proven difficult to achieve. In Bolivia, where maternal mortality is twice the South American average, improving the diagnosis, treatment and ultimately prevention of preeclampsia is key for achieving targeted reductions. We held a workshop in La Paz, Bolivia to review recent revisions in the diagnosis and treatment of preeclampsia, barriers for their implementation, and means for overcoming them. While physicians are generally aware of current recommendations, substantial barriers exist for their implementation due to geographic factors increasing disease prevalence and limiting health-care access, cultural and economic factors affecting the care provided, and infrastructure deficits impeding diagnosis and treatment. Means for overcoming such barriers include changes in the culture of health care, use of standardized diagnostic protocols, the adoption of low-cost technologies for improving the diagnosis and referral of preeclamptic cases to specialized treatment centers, training programs to foster multidisciplinary team approaches, and efforts to enhance local research capacity. While challenging, the synergistic nature of current barriers for preeclampsia diagnosis and treatment also affords opportunities for making far-reaching improvements in maternal, infant and lifelong health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Toledo-Jaldin
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's and Infant's Specialty Hospital, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Sheana Bull
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stephen Contag
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Carlos Escudero
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bio-Bio, Chillán, Chile
| | | | | | - James M Roberts
- Magee-Women's Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jean Scandlyn
- Departments of Health and Behavioral Sciences and Anthropology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Colleen G Julian
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lorna G Moore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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