1
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Acharya B, Alexandre J, Benes P, Bergmann B, Bertolucci S, Bevan A, Branzas H, Burian P, Campbell M, Cho YM, de Montigny M, De Roeck A, Ellis JR, Sawy ME, Fairbairn M, Felea D, Frank M, Gould O, Hays J, Hirt AM, Ho DLJ, Hung PQ, Janecek J, Kalliokoski M, Korzenev A, Lacarrère DH, Leroy C, Levi G, Lionti A, Maulik A, Margiotta A, Mauri N, Mavromatos NE, Mermod P, Millward L, Mitsou VA, Ostrovskiy I, Ouimet PP, Papavassiliou J, Parker B, Patrizii L, Păvălaş GE, Pinfold JL, Popa LA, Popa V, Pozzato M, Pospisil S, Rajantie A, de Austri RR, Sahnoun Z, Sakellariadou M, Santra A, Sarkar S, Semenoff G, Shaa A, Sirri G, Sliwa K, Soluk R, Spurio M, Staelens M, Suk M, Tenti M, Togo V, Tuszyn'ski JA, Upreti A, Vento V, Vives O. Search for magnetic monopoles produced via the Schwinger mechanism. Nature 2022; 602:63-67. [PMID: 35110756 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04298-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Electrically charged particles can be created by the decay of strong enough electric fields, a phenomenon known as the Schwinger mechanism1. By electromagnetic duality, a sufficiently strong magnetic field would similarly produce magnetic monopoles, if they exist2. Magnetic monopoles are hypothetical fundamental particles that are predicted by several theories beyond the standard model3-7 but have never been experimentally detected. Searching for the existence of magnetic monopoles via the Schwinger mechanism has not yet been attempted, but it is advantageous, owing to the possibility of calculating its rate through semi-classical techniques without perturbation theory, as well as that the production of the magnetic monopoles should be enhanced by their finite size8,9 and strong coupling to photons2,10. Here we present a search for magnetic monopole production by the Schwinger mechanism in Pb-Pb heavy ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider, producing the strongest known magnetic fields in the current Universe11. It was conducted by the MoEDAL experiment, whose trapping detectors were exposed to 0.235 per nanobarn, or approximately 1.8 × 109, of Pb-Pb collisions with 5.02-teraelectronvolt center-of-mass energy per collision in November 2018. A superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer scanned the trapping detectors of MoEDAL for the presence of magnetic charge, which would induce a persistent current in the SQUID. Magnetic monopoles with integer Dirac charges of 1, 2 and 3 and masses up to 75 gigaelectronvolts per speed of light squared were excluded by the analysis at the 95% confidence level. This provides a lower mass limit for finite-size magnetic monopoles from a collider search and greatly extends previous mass bounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Acharya
- Theoretical Particle Physics & Cosmology Group, Physics Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Alexandre
- Theoretical Particle Physics & Cosmology Group, Physics Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P Benes
- IEAP, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - B Bergmann
- IEAP, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - A Bevan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - H Branzas
- Institute of Space Science, Măgurele, Romania
| | - P Burian
- IEAP, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Campbell
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Y M Cho
- Center for Quantum Spacetime, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - M de Montigny
- Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - A De Roeck
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J R Ellis
- Theoretical Particle Physics & Cosmology Group, Physics Department, King's College London, London, UK.,Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M El Sawy
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Fairbairn
- Theoretical Particle Physics & Cosmology Group, Physics Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D Felea
- Institute of Space Science, Măgurele, Romania
| | - M Frank
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - O Gould
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Hays
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - A M Hirt
- Department of Earth Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D L-J Ho
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - P Q Hung
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - J Janecek
- IEAP, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Kalliokoski
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Korzenev
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D H Lacarrère
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Leroy
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - G Levi
- INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Lionti
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Maulik
- INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - A Margiotta
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - N Mauri
- INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - N E Mavromatos
- Theoretical Particle Physics & Cosmology Group, Physics Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P Mermod
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L Millward
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - V A Mitsou
- IFIC, Universitat de València, CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - I Ostrovskiy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.
| | - P-P Ouimet
- Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - B Parker
- Institute for Research in Schools, Canterbury, UK
| | - L Patrizii
- INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G E Păvălaş
- Institute of Space Science, Măgurele, Romania
| | - J L Pinfold
- Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - L A Popa
- Institute of Space Science, Măgurele, Romania
| | - V Popa
- Institute of Space Science, Măgurele, Romania
| | - M Pozzato
- INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Pospisil
- IEAP, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Rajantie
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Z Sahnoun
- INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Sakellariadou
- Theoretical Particle Physics & Cosmology Group, Physics Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Santra
- IFIC, Universitat de València, CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - S Sarkar
- Theoretical Particle Physics & Cosmology Group, Physics Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | - G Semenoff
- Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - A Shaa
- Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - G Sirri
- INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - K Sliwa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - R Soluk
- Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Spurio
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Staelens
- Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Suk
- IEAP, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - V Togo
- INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - J A Tuszyn'ski
- Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - A Upreti
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - V Vento
- IFIC, Universitat de València, CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - O Vives
- IFIC, Universitat de València, CSIC, Valencia, Spain
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2
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Acharya B, Alexandre J, Benes P, Bergmann B, Bernabéu J, Bevan A, Branzas H, Burian P, Campbell M, Cecchini S, Cho YM, de Montigny M, De Roeck A, Ellis JR, El Sawy M, Fairbairn M, Felea D, Frank M, Hays J, Hirt AM, Janecek J, Kalliokoski M, Korzenev A, Lacarrère DH, Leroy C, Levi G, Lionti A, Mamuzic J, Maulik A, Margiotta A, Mauri N, Mavromatos NE, Mermod P, Mieskolainen M, Millward L, Mitsou VA, Orava R, Ostrovskiy I, Ouimet PP, Papavassiliou J, Parker B, Patrizii L, Păvălaş GE, Pinfold JL, Popa LA, Popa V, Pozzato M, Pospisil S, Rajantie A, Ruiz de Austri R, Sahnoun Z, Sakellariadou M, Santra A, Sarkar S, Semenoff G, Shaa A, Sirri G, Sliwa K, Soluk R, Spurio M, Staelens M, Suk M, Tenti M, Togo V, Tuszyński JA, Upreti A, Vento V, Vives O, Wall A. First Search for Dyons with the Full MoEDAL Trapping Detector in 13 TeV pp Collisions. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:071801. [PMID: 33666471 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.071801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The MoEDAL trapping detector consists of approximately 800 kg of aluminum volumes. It was exposed during run 2 of the LHC program to 6.46 fb^{-1} of 13 TeV proton-proton collisions at the LHCb interaction point. Evidence for dyons (particles with electric and magnetic charge) captured in the trapping detector was sought by passing the aluminum volumes comprising the detector through a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer. The presence of a trapped dyon would be signaled by a persistent current induced in the SQUID magnetometer. On the basis of a Drell-Yan production model, we exclude dyons with a magnetic charge ranging up to five Dirac charges (5g_{D}) and an electric charge up to 200 times the fundamental electric charge for mass limits in the range 870-3120 GeV and also monopoles with magnetic charge up to and including 5g_{D} with mass limits in the range 870-2040 GeV.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Acharya
- Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology Group, Physics Department, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Alexandre
- Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology Group, Physics Department, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - P Benes
- IEAP, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - B Bergmann
- IEAP, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Bernabéu
- IFIC, Universitat de València-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Bevan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - H Branzas
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest, Măgurele, Romania
| | - P Burian
- IEAP, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Campbell
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Cecchini
- INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Y M Cho
- Center for Quantum Spacetime, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - M de Montigny
- Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - A De Roeck
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J R Ellis
- Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology Group, Physics Department, King's College, London, United Kingdom
- Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M El Sawy
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Fairbairn
- Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology Group, Physics Department, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - D Felea
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest, Măgurele, Romania
| | - M Frank
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - J Hays
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A M Hirt
- Department of Earth Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Janecek
- IEAP, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Kalliokoski
- Physics Department, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Korzenev
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D H Lacarrère
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Leroy
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - G Levi
- INFN, Section of Bologna and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Lionti
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Mamuzic
- IFIC, Universitat de València-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Maulik
- INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - A Margiotta
- INFN, Section of Bologna and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - N Mauri
- INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - N E Mavromatos
- Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology Group, Physics Department, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - P Mermod
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Mieskolainen
- Physics Department, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Millward
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - V A Mitsou
- IFIC, Universitat de València-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Orava
- Physics Department, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - I Ostrovskiy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - P-P Ouimet
- Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - B Parker
- Institute for Research in Schools, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - L Patrizii
- INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G E Păvălaş
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest, Măgurele, Romania
| | - J L Pinfold
- Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - L A Popa
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest, Măgurele, Romania
| | - V Popa
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest, Măgurele, Romania
| | - M Pozzato
- INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Pospisil
- IEAP, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Rajantie
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Z Sahnoun
- INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Sakellariadou
- Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology Group, Physics Department, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Santra
- IFIC, Universitat de València-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - S Sarkar
- Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology Group, Physics Department, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - G Semenoff
- Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - A Shaa
- Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - G Sirri
- INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - K Sliwa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R Soluk
- Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Spurio
- INFN, Section of Bologna and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Staelens
- Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Suk
- IEAP, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - V Togo
- INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - J A Tuszyński
- Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - A Upreti
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - V Vento
- IFIC, Universitat de València-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - O Vives
- IFIC, Universitat de València-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Wall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
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3
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Ellis JR, Vreeland J, Jaimes F. Community Health Screening And Education Through Laboratory Science Workshop: Participant Evaluation Of The 2018 Pilot Program In Aco, Peru. Am J Clin Pathol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa161.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction/Objective
Public health outreach initiatives underutilize laboratory medicine students and professionals. This poster will discuss a novel bilingual community health screening and education (CHS & E) through laboratory science service-learning (SL) study abroad (SA) program that could be utilized to improve community engagement and understanding of public health issues from a lab perspective.
Methods
In collaboration with The Foundation for International Medical Relief of Children (FIMRC), Texas State University faculty member, Joanna Ellis, and five CLS senior-level students traveled to Huancayo, Peru in June of 2018 for a CHS & E through lab science SL-SA program. Utilizing the self-powered Lab-in-a-Suitcase from International Aid, the group conducted four CHS & E through lab science events in four different communities. We conducted hemoglobin, urinalysis, glucose, cholesterol, and STI screenings on more than 160 people. The CUY Project was the most involved activity with six interactive stations for the families to learn about anemia, parasites, and nutrition through lab tests. Parents and children learned more about their conditions through interactive lab science activities and tests. Following the workshop, parent participants were given an anonymous survey about their knowledge before and after the workshop as well as their suggestions for its improvement.
Results
The lab-science based activities illustrated the biological impact of their lifestyle and dietary choices in a new and impactful way. Participants self-assessed that they learned significantly more about anemia and diabetes during the workshop. Participants learned more about hygiene than they knew before the workshop; however, the increase was not statistically significant. Parent participants surveyed (100%) stated that the workshop would help them make decisions in caring for their children and would help prevent future health problems.
Conclusion
Although the newest iteration of the workshop is entitled Health Education Advances with Lab Science (HEALS) this poster will describe the preparation, implementation, and first stage of evaluation of the CHS & E through laboratory science workshop in Peru. This poster session is an opportunity to discuss how laboratory professionals can interact with their community and showcase the value of the field in public health education initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Ellis
- Clinical Laboratory Science, Texas State University, Austin, Texas, UNITED STATES
| | - J Vreeland
- Clinical Laboratory Science, Texas State University, Austin, Texas, UNITED STATES
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4
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Acharya B, Alexandre J, Baines S, Benes P, Bergmann B, Bernabéu J, Bevan A, Branzas H, Campbell M, Cecchini S, Cho YM, de Montigny M, De Roeck A, Ellis JR, El Sawy M, Fairbairn M, Felea D, Frank M, Hays J, Hirt AM, Janecek J, Kim DW, Korzenev A, Lacarrère DH, Lee SC, Leroy C, Levi G, Lionti A, Mamuzic J, Margiotta A, Mauri N, Mavromatos NE, Mermod P, Mieskolainen M, Millward L, Mitsou VA, Orava R, Ostrovskiy I, Papavassiliou J, Parker B, Patrizii L, Păvălaş GE, Pinfold JL, Popa V, Pozzato M, Pospisil S, Rajantie A, Ruiz de Austri R, Sahnoun Z, Sakellariadou M, Santra A, Sarkar S, Semenoff G, Shaa A, Sirri G, Sliwa K, Soluk R, Spurio M, Staelens M, Suk M, Tenti M, Togo V, Tuszyński JA, Vento V, Vives O, Vykydal Z, Wall A, Zgura IS. Magnetic Monopole Search with the Full MoEDAL Trapping Detector in 13 TeV pp Collisions Interpreted in Photon-Fusion and Drell-Yan Production. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:021802. [PMID: 31386510 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.021802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
MoEDAL is designed to identify new physics in the form of stable or pseudostable highly ionizing particles produced in high-energy Large Hadron Collider (LHC) collisions. Here we update our previous search for magnetic monopoles in Run 2 using the full trapping detector with almost four times more material and almost twice more integrated luminosity. For the first time at the LHC, the data were interpreted in terms of photon-fusion monopole direct production in addition to the Drell-Yan-like mechanism. The MoEDAL trapping detector, consisting of 794 kg of aluminum samples installed in the forward and lateral regions, was exposed to 4.0 fb^{-1} of 13 TeV proton-proton collisions at the LHCb interaction point and analyzed by searching for induced persistent currents after passage through a superconducting magnetometer. Magnetic charges equal to or above the Dirac charge are excluded in all samples. Monopole spins 0, ½, and 1 are considered and both velocity-independent and-dependent couplings are assumed. This search provides the best current laboratory constraints for monopoles with magnetic charges ranging from two to five times the Dirac charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Acharya
- Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology Group, Physics Department, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - J Alexandre
- Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology Group, Physics Department, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - S Baines
- Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology Group, Physics Department, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - P Benes
- IEAP, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - B Bergmann
- IEAP, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Bernabéu
- IFIC, Universitat de València-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Bevan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - H Branzas
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Măgurele, Romania
| | - M Campbell
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Cecchini
- INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Y M Cho
- Physics Department, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - M de Montigny
- Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - A De Roeck
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J R Ellis
- Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology Group, Physics Department, King's College London, United Kingdom
- Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M El Sawy
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Fairbairn
- Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology Group, Physics Department, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - D Felea
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Măgurele, Romania
| | - M Frank
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - J Hays
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - A M Hirt
- Department of Earth Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland-Associate member
| | - J Janecek
- IEAP, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D-W Kim
- Physics Department, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - A Korzenev
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D H Lacarrère
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S C Lee
- Physics Department, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - C Leroy
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - G Levi
- INFN, Section of Bologna and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - A Lionti
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Mamuzic
- IFIC, Universitat de València-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Margiotta
- INFN, Section of Bologna and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - N Mauri
- INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - N E Mavromatos
- Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology Group, Physics Department, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - P Mermod
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Mieskolainen
- Physics Department, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Millward
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - V A Mitsou
- IFIC, Universitat de València-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Orava
- Physics Department, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - I Ostrovskiy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | | | - B Parker
- Institute for Research in Schools, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - L Patrizii
- INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G E Păvălaş
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Măgurele, Romania
| | - J L Pinfold
- Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - V Popa
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Măgurele, Romania
| | - M Pozzato
- INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Pospisil
- IEAP, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Rajantie
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Z Sahnoun
- INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Sakellariadou
- Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology Group, Physics Department, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - A Santra
- IFIC, Universitat de València-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - S Sarkar
- Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology Group, Physics Department, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - G Semenoff
- Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - A Shaa
- Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - G Sirri
- INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - K Sliwa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R Soluk
- Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Spurio
- INFN, Section of Bologna and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - M Staelens
- Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Suk
- IEAP, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - V Togo
- INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - J A Tuszyński
- Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - V Vento
- IFIC, Universitat de València-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - O Vives
- IFIC, Universitat de València-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Z Vykydal
- IEAP, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Wall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - I S Zgura
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Măgurele, Romania
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5
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Shephard S, Wögerbauer C, Green P, Ellis JR, Roche WK. Angling records track the near extirpation of angel shark Squatina squatina from two Irish hotspots. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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6
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Ellis JR, Burt GJ, Grilli G, McCully Phillips SR, Catchpole TL, Maxwell DL. At-vessel mortality of skates (Rajidae) taken in coastal fisheries and evidence of longer-term survival. J Fish Biol 2018; 92:1702-1719. [PMID: 29675895 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Data on the vigour and at-vessel mortality (AVM) of 6798 skates (comprising Raja clavata n = 6295; R. brachyura n = 208; R. undulata n = 185, R. montagui n = 98 and R. microocellata n = 12) captured by commercial fishing vessels in the inshore waters of the southern North Sea and English Channel were recorded. AVM in longline fisheries averaged 0·44% across five vessels (0-1·47%), although skates were usually unhooked manually and did not usually pass through a bait-stripper. AVM in otter trawls averaged 0·76% (0-2·35%), from four vessels fishing with tow durations of <1·5 h (southern North Sea) or 1-4 h (English Channel). No AVM was noted for skates taken as a by-catch in drift trammel nets (soak times <4 h). Anchored tangle nets resulted in an overall AVM of 2·0-2·7%, but increased from 1·47% (13-28 h soak time) to 6·16% (42-53 h soak time). There were significant differences in the vigour of skates between gears, with R. clavata caught by longline and tangle nets in better condition than those captured by otter trawl or drift trammel net. Similarly, R. undulata caught by tangle net were in better condition than those caught by otter trawl. The vigour of R. undulata was also found to be higher than other skate species for both trawl and tangle net. In total, 5283 skates were tagged with Petersen discs and released, with recapture rates for the various combinations of vessel and gear ranging up to 24·8% for R. clavata. Whilst confirming a degree of post-release survival, quantitative estimates of post-release mortality for skates remain unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Ellis
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, U.K
| | - G J Burt
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, U.K
| | - G Grilli
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, U.K
- Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment (CSERGE), University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - S R McCully Phillips
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, U.K
| | - T L Catchpole
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, U.K
| | - D L Maxwell
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, U.K
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7
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Ellis JR, McCully Phillips SR, Poisson F. A review of capture and post-release mortality of elasmobranchs. J Fish Biol 2017; 90:653-722. [PMID: 27864942 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to better understand the survivorship of discarded fishes, both for commercial stocks and species of conservation concern. Within European waters, the landing obligations that are currently being phased in as part of the European Union's reformed common fisheries policy means that an increasing number of fish stocks, with certain exceptions, should not be discarded unless it can be demonstrated that there is a high probability of survival. This study reviews the various approaches that have been used to examine the discard survival of elasmobranchs, both in terms of at-vessel mortality (AVM) and post-release mortality (PRM), with relevant findings summarized for both the main types of fishing gear used and by taxonomic group. Discard survival varies with a range of biological attributes (species, size, sex and mode of gill ventilation) as well as the range of factors associated with capture (e.g. gear type, soak time, catch mass and composition, handling practices and the degree of exposure to air and any associated change in ambient temperature). In general, demersal species with buccal-pump ventilation have a higher survival than obligate ram ventilators. Several studies have indicated that females may have a higher survival than males. Certain taxa (including hammerhead sharks Sphyrna spp. and thresher sharks Alopias spp.) may be particularly prone to higher rates of mortality when caught.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Ellis
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, U.K
| | - S R McCully Phillips
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, U.K
| | - F Poisson
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre de Recherche Halieutique UMR MARBEC (MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation), Avenue Jean Monnet, CS 30171, 34203 Sète, France
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8
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Acharya B, Alexandre J, Baines S, Benes P, Bergmann B, Bernabéu J, Branzas H, Campbell M, Caramete L, Cecchini S, de Montigny M, De Roeck A, Ellis JR, Fairbairn M, Felea D, Flores J, Frank M, Frekers D, Garcia C, Hirt AM, Janecek J, Kalliokoski M, Katre A, Kim DW, Kinoshita K, Korzenev A, Lacarrère DH, Lee SC, Leroy C, Lionti A, Mamuzic J, Margiotta A, Mauri N, Mavromatos NE, Mermod P, Mitsou VA, Orava R, Parker B, Pasqualini L, Patrizii L, Păvălaş GE, Pinfold JL, Popa V, Pozzato M, Pospisil S, Rajantie A, Ruiz de Austri R, Sahnoun Z, Sakellariadou M, Sarkar S, Semenoff G, Shaa A, Sirri G, Sliwa K, Soluk R, Spurio M, Srivastava YN, Suk M, Swain J, Tenti M, Togo V, Tuszyński JA, Vento V, Vives O, Vykydal Z, Whyntie T, Widom A, Willems G, Yoon JH, Zgura IS. Search for Magnetic Monopoles with the MoEDAL Forward Trapping Detector in 13 TeV Proton-Proton Collisions at the LHC. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:061801. [PMID: 28234515 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.061801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
MoEDAL is designed to identify new physics in the form of long-lived highly ionizing particles produced in high-energy LHC collisions. Its arrays of plastic nuclear-track detectors and aluminium trapping volumes provide two independent passive detection techniques. We present here the results of a first search for magnetic monopole production in 13 TeV proton-proton collisions using the trapping technique, extending a previous publication with 8 TeV data during LHC Run 1. A total of 222 kg of MoEDAL trapping detector samples was exposed in the forward region and analyzed by searching for induced persistent currents after passage through a superconducting magnetometer. Magnetic charges exceeding half the Dirac charge are excluded in all samples and limits are placed for the first time on the production of magnetic monopoles in 13 TeV pp collisions. The search probes mass ranges previously inaccessible to collider experiments for up to five times the Dirac charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Acharya
- Physics Department, Theoretical Particle Physics & Cosmology Group, King's College, London, United Kingdom
- International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy
| | - J Alexandre
- Physics Department, Theoretical Particle Physics & Cosmology Group, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Baines
- Formerly at School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - P Benes
- IEAP, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - B Bergmann
- IEAP, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Bernabéu
- IFIC, Universitat de València, CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - H Branzas
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest, Măgurele, Romania
| | - M Campbell
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L Caramete
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest, Măgurele, Romania
| | - S Cecchini
- INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M de Montigny
- Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - A De Roeck
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J R Ellis
- Physics Department, Theoretical Particle Physics & Cosmology Group, King's College, London, United Kingdom
- Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Fairbairn
- Physics Department, Theoretical Particle Physics & Cosmology Group, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - D Felea
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest, Măgurele, Romania
| | - J Flores
- Formerly at Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, New York, New York, USA
| | - M Frank
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - D Frekers
- Physics Department, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - C Garcia
- IFIC, Universitat de València, CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - A M Hirt
- Department of Earth Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Janecek
- IEAP, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - A Katre
- Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D-W Kim
- Physics Department, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - K Kinoshita
- Physics Department, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - A Korzenev
- Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D H Lacarrère
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S C Lee
- Physics Department, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - C Leroy
- Département de physique, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - A Lionti
- Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Mamuzic
- IFIC, Universitat de València, CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Margiotta
- INFN, Section of Bologna & Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - N Mauri
- INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - N E Mavromatos
- Physics Department, Theoretical Particle Physics & Cosmology Group, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - P Mermod
- Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V A Mitsou
- IFIC, Universitat de València, CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Orava
- Physics Department, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - B Parker
- The Institute for Research in Schools, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - L Pasqualini
- INFN, Section of Bologna & Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Patrizii
- INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G E Păvălaş
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest, Măgurele, Romania
| | - J L Pinfold
- Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - V Popa
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest, Măgurele, Romania
| | - M Pozzato
- INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Pospisil
- IEAP, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Rajantie
- Department of Physics, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Z Sahnoun
- INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Centre for Astronomy, Astrophysics and Geophysics, Algiers, Algeria
| | - M Sakellariadou
- Physics Department, Theoretical Particle Physics & Cosmology Group, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Sarkar
- Physics Department, Theoretical Particle Physics & Cosmology Group, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - G Semenoff
- Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - A Shaa
- Formerly at Department of Physics and Applied Physics, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - G Sirri
- INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - K Sliwa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R Soluk
- Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Spurio
- INFN, Section of Bologna & Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Y N Srivastava
- Physics Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Suk
- IEAP, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Swain
- Physics Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - V Togo
- INFN, Section of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - J A Tuszyński
- Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - V Vento
- IFIC, Universitat de València, CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - O Vives
- IFIC, Universitat de València, CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Z Vykydal
- IEAP, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Whyntie
- The Institute for Research in Schools, Canterbury, United Kingdom
- Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Widom
- Physics Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - G Willems
- Physics Department, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - J H Yoon
- Physics Department, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - I S Zgura
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest, Măgurele, Romania
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McCully Phillips SR, Ellis JR. Reproductive characteristics and life-history relationships of starry smooth-hound Mustelus asterias in British waters. J Fish Biol 2015; 87:1411-33. [PMID: 26709214 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The reproductive biology and other life-history parameters were investigated for Mustelus asterias in British waters, with specimens caught from both commercial fisheries and research-vessel surveys. In total, 504 specimens [238 males, 24-99 cm total length (LT) and 266 females, 28-124 cm LT] were examined, with further information collected from 238 uterine pups. The lengths at 50% maturity were estimated as 70·4 and 81·9 cm LT for males and females, respectively. Ovarian fecundity ranged from one to 28, and uterine fecundity from four to 20. The number, mass and LT of pups were positively correlated with maternal LT. Full-term pups ranged from 205 to 329 mm LT, and the smallest free-living fish caught was 24 cm LT . Parturition occurred in February in the western English Channel and during June to July in the eastern English Channel and southern North Sea, indicating either protracted spawning or asynchronous parturition for the stock as a whole. The reproductive cycle is thought to extend beyond 1 year. Developmental abnormalities observed included atresia in oocytes, uterine eggs that failed to develop, a partly developed pup and an abnormal male with a single aberrant clasper. Data relating to conversion factors, oocyte numbers and diameter and gonado-somatic and hepato-somatic indices are presented, and the seasonality of the reproductive cycle is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R McCully Phillips
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, U.K
| | - J R Ellis
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, U.K
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10
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Guallart J, García-Salinas P, Ahuir-Baraja AE, Guimerans M, Ellis JR, Roche M. Angular roughshark Oxynotus centrina (Squaliformes: Oxynotidae) in captivity feeding exclusively on elasmobranch eggs: an overlooked feeding niche or a matter of individual taste? J Fish Biol 2015; 87:1072-1079. [PMID: 26283180 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A specimen of angular roughshark Oxynotus centrina has been kept successfully in captivity for the first time. Over a period of 24 months, the specimen preyed exclusively on the contents of elasmobranch egg cases, suggesting a specialized trophic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Guallart
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Departamento de Zoología, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - P García-Salinas
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Departamento de Zoología, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - A E Ahuir-Baraja
- Unidad de Zoología Marina, Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Parque Científico de la Universitat de València, c/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Guimerans
- Oceanogràfic, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias de Valencia, c/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera (Científic), 1B, E-46013, Valencia, Spain
| | - J R Ellis
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, U.K
| | - M Roche
- Oceanogràfic, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias de Valencia, c/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera (Científic), 1B, E-46013, Valencia, Spain
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11
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Burton NJ, Ellis JR, Burton KJ, Wallace AM, Wallace AR, Colborne GR. An ex vivo investigation of the effect of the TATE canine elbow arthroplasty system on kinematics of the elbow. J Small Anim Pract 2013; 54:240-7. [PMID: 23560883 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To devise a kinematic technique to objectively ascertain the location and orientation of the centre of rotation of the canine elbow and to compare this axis following arthroplasty with the first generation TATE™ prosthesis in an ex vivo model. METHODS Five pairs of cadaveric forelimbs were obtained and proximal limb soft tissues removed. Pin-mounted reflective markers were applied to the humerus and ulna. Limbs were mounted on a frame and six trials of the elbow manually cycled through its sagittal range of motion captured using 4 Qualisys cameras at 120 Hz. Radiography was performed to identify marker position. TATE™ cartridges were implanted and kinematic analysis repeated. Kinematic data were imported into custom software and the three-dimensional joint centre of rotation defined using a closed-form solution for absolute orientation. Paired t tests were performed to determine if the centre of rotation of the elbow differed significantly (P<0·05) pre- and postoperatively and between left and right limbs. RESULTS There was no significant difference in three-dimensional orientation of the elbow axis between pre and postoperative measurements or between left and right limbs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE A critical factor in obtaining a successful functional outcome following elbow arthroplasty in humans is accurate reconstruction of the anatomic centre of rotation. The first generation TATE canine elbow arthroplasty cartridge and its instrumentation accurately reconstructed the anatomic centre of rotation in 8 of the 10 elbows assessed in this ex vivo model.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Burton
- Langford Veterinary Services, University of Bristol, Langford, N. Somerset, BS40 5DU, UK
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12
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Silva JF, Ellis JR, Catchpole TL. Species composition of skates (Rajidae) in commercial fisheries around the British Isles and their discarding patterns. J Fish Biol 2012; 80:1678-1703. [PMID: 22497403 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03247.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent regulations have required European nations to report commercial landings of Rajidae (skates) to species level since 2008. Morphological similarities between some species, variability in colouration and regional differences in common names may compromise the accuracy of some of these data. An increased proportion of rajid landings reported by the U.K. (England, Wales and Northern Ireland) are now reported to species level (42% in 2008, rising to 92% in 2010). Recent landings (2007-2010) of Rajidae by the U.K. indicated that the majority of reported landings were made by otter trawl (55·9%), tangle and gillnet (18·7%) and beam trawl (15·5%). Approximately 70% of recent landings originated from four ICES Divisions: the Irish Sea (VIIa), western English Channel (VIIe), Bristol Channel (VIIf) and southern North Sea (IVc). Recent species-specific landings of Rajidae are appraised in terms of the species reported and the overall composition, and potential problems identified. Data from observer trips have been used to estimate the species composition of Rajidae taken in some of the main commercial fisheries operating around the British Isles, and these data are compared to landings. Although there was typically broad agreement between these data sets in terms of the main species landed, misidentification issues were apparent and Rajidae with highly patchy distributions may be under-represented in observer data. Data from observer trips were also used to examine the discard and retention pattern. Most rajid species were first retained from total lengths, L(T) , of 27-34 cm, with 50% retention occurring at between 49 and 51 cm and near-full retention at L(T) of 60-67 cm. Beam trawls captured a higher proportion of smaller individuals, whilst gillnets (>150 mm mesh size) caught proportionally more larger rajids.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Silva
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science-CEFAS, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK.
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Abstract
The undulate ray Raja undulata is one of the lesser-known skates occurring on the continental shelf of the north-east Atlantic Ocean. It is patchily distributed throughout its range, with sites of local abundance in the central English Channel and off the coasts of Ireland, France, Spain and Portugal. Raja undulata is most abundant in coastal waters (<50 m deep) and is often found in proximity to large estuaries, rias and bays. It is a relatively large-bodied species, attaining a maximum total length (L(T) ) of at least 114 cm, with females maturing at an L(T) of c. 84 cm in Portuguese waters. Although infrequently taken in existing trawl surveys, it can be locally abundant in certain areas, where it can be the dominant skate species. Given its large size, patchy distribution and concern over the possibilities of localized depletions, the IUCN listed R. undulata as an endangered species and, since 2009, the European Union has established regulations to prohibit commercial fisheries landing the species. Given the increased interest in the species, a synopsis of current knowledge is provided, and available data from internationally co-ordinated trawl surveys presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Ellis
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science-CEFAS, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK.
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Ellis JR, Heinrich B, Mautner VF, Kluwe L. Effects of splicing mutations on NF2-transcripts: transcript analysis and information theoretic predictions. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2011; 50:571-84. [PMID: 21563229 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of 22 putative splicing mutations in the NF2 gene by means of transcript analysis and information theory based prediction. Fourteen mutations were within the dinucleotide acceptor and donor regions, often referred to as (AG/GT) sequences. Six were outside these dinucleotide regions but within the more broadly defined splicing regions used in the information theory based model. Two others were in introns and outside the broadly defined regions. Transcript analysis revealed exon skipping or activation of one or more cryptic splicing sites for 17 mutations. No alterations were found for the two intronic mutations and for three mutations in the broadly defined splicing regions. Concordance and partial concordance between the calculated predictions and the results of transcript analysis were found for 14 and 6 mutations, respectively. For two mutations, the predicted alteration was not found in the transcripts. Our results demonstrate that the effects of splicing mutations in NF2 are often complex and that information theory based analysis is helpful in elucidating the consequences of these mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Ellis
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Physical Science, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-5766, USA.
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15
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Ellis JR, Nathan PJ, Villemagne VL, Mulligan RS, Saunder T, Young K, Smith CL, Welch J, Woodward M, Wesnes KA, Savage G, Rowe CC. Galantamine-induced improvements in cognitive function are not related to alterations in alpha(4)beta (2) nicotinic receptors in early Alzheimer's disease as measured in vivo by 2-[18F]fluoro-A-85380 PET. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2009; 202:79-91. [PMID: 18949462 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-008-1347-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Accepted: 09/19/2008] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) system plays a regulatory role in a number of cognitive processes. Cholinesterase inhibitors (i.e., galantamine) that potentiate cholinergic neurotransmission improve cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the relationship between these effects and associated changes in nAChRs are yet to be established in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2-[18F]Fluoro-A-85380 (2-FA) binds to nAChRs and with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging provides a composite measure of receptor density and ligand affinity. This study aimed to: (1) quantify nAChRs in vivo in 15 drug-naïve patients with mild AD before and after chronic treatment with galantamine, using 2-FA and PET, and (2) examine the relationship between treatment-induced changes in nAChRs and improvements in cognitive function. Participants were nonsmokers and underwent extensive cognitive testing and a PET scan after injection of approximately 200 MBq of 2-FA on two occasions (before and after 12 weeks, galantamine treatment). A 3-day washout period preceded the second scan. Brain regional 2-FA binding was assessed through a simplified estimation of distribution volume (DV(S)). RESULTS Performance on global measures of cognition significantly improved following galantamine treatment (p < 0.05). This improvement extended to specific cognitive measures of language and verbal learning. No significant differences in nAChR DV(S) before and after galantamine treatment were found. The treatment-induced improvement in cognition was not correlated with regional or global nAChR DV(S), suggesting that changes in nAChRs may not be responsible for the improvements in cognition following galantamine in patients with mild AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Ellis
- School of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Psychological Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Chevolot M, Ellis JR, Rijnsdorp AD, Stam WT, Olsen JL. Temporal changes in allele frequencies but stable genetic diversity over the past 40 years in the Irish Sea population of thornback ray, Raja clavata. Heredity (Edinb) 2008; 101:120-6. [PMID: 18461082 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2008.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rays and skates are an unavoidable part of the by-catch in demersal fisheries. Over the past 40 years, the thornback ray (Raja clavata) has decreased in numbers and even disappeared in some areas, leading to concerns about genetic risk. For this reason, the effective population size (N(e)), the migration rate (m) and temporal changes in the genetic diversity were estimated for the population of thornback rays in the Irish Sea and Bristol Channel. Using genotyped, archived and contemporary samples (1965 and 2003-2004), N(e) was estimated at 283 individuals (95% CI=145-857), m at 0.1 (95% CI=0.03-0.25) and the N(e)/N ratio between 9 x 10(-5) and 6 x 10(-4). Although these results must be treated with caution, due to the small sample sizes, this is the first attempt to estimate N(e) in an elasmobranch species. The low N(e)/N ratio suggests that relatively few individuals contribute to the next generation. The combined effect of sex bias, inbreeding, fluctuations in population size and, perhaps most important, the variance in reproductive success may explain the low N(e)/N ratio. In addition, the relatively high gene flow between Irish Sea population and other source populations is likely to have had an impact on our estimate, which may be more relevant at the metapopulation scale. No significant loss of genetic diversity was found over the 40-year timeframe and long-term maintenance of the genetic diversity could be due to gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chevolot
- Department of Marine Benthic Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, Biological Centre, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands.
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Tsui H, Chan Y, Tang L, Winer S, Cheung RK, Paltser G, Selvanantham T, Elford AR, Ellis JR, Becker DJ, Ohashi PS, Dosch HM. Targeting of pancreatic glia in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2008; 57:918-28. [PMID: 18198358 DOI: 10.2337/db07-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 1 diabetes reflects autoimmune destruction of beta-cells and peri-islet Schwann cells (pSCs), but the mechanisms of pSC death and the T-cell epitopes involved remain unclear. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Primary pSC cultures were generated and used as targets in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) assays in NOD mice. Cognate interaction between pSC and CD8(+) T-cells was assessed by transgenic restoration of beta2-microglobulin (beta2m) to pSC in NOD.beta2m(-/-) congenics. I-A(g7) and K(d) epitopes in the pSC antigen glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were identified by peptide mapping or algorithms, respectively, and the latter tested by immunotherapy. RESULTS pSC cultures did not express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and were lysed by ex vivo CTLs from diabetic NOD mice. In vivo, restoration of MHC class I in GFAP-beta2m transgenics significantly accelerated adoptively transferred diabetes. Target epitopes in the pSC autoantigen GFAP were mapped to residues 79-87 and 253-261 for K(d) and 96-110, 116-130, and 216-230 for I-A(g7). These peptides were recognized spontaneously in NOD spleens as early as 2.5 weeks of age, with proliferative responses peaking around weaning and detectable lifelong. Several were also recognized by T-cells from new-onset type 1 diabetic patients. NOD mouse immunotherapy at 8 weeks with the CD8(+) T-cell epitope, GFAP 79-87 but not 253-261, significantly inhibited type 1 diabetes and was associated with reduced gamma-interferon production to whole protein GFAP. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings elucidate a role for pSC-specific CD8(+) T-cells in islet inflammation and type 1 diabetes pathogenesis, further supporting neuronal involvement in beta-cell demise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Tsui
- The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., 10th Floor Elm Wing, Rm. 10126, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
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18
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Ellis JR, Bentley KE, McCauley DE. Detection of rare paternal chloroplast inheritance in controlled crosses of the endangered sunflower Helianthus verticillatus. Heredity (Edinb) 2008; 100:574-80. [PMID: 18301440 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2008.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of questions in population and evolutionary biology are studied using chloroplast DNA (cpDNA). The presumed maternal inheritance in angiosperms allows for certain assumptions and calculations to be made when studying plant hybridization, phylogeography, molecular systematics and seed dispersal. Further, the placement of transgenes in the chloroplast to lessen the probability of 'escape' to weedy relatives has been proposed since such genes would not move through pollen. In many studies, however, strict maternal inheritance is assumed but not tested directly, and some studies may have sample sizes too small to be able to detect rare paternal leakage. Here, we study the inheritance of cpDNA simple sequence repeats in 323 offspring derived from greenhouse crosses of the rare sunflower Helianthus verticillatus Small. We found evidence for rare chloroplast paternal leakage and heteroplasmy in 1.86% of the offspring. We address the question of whether one can extrapolate the mode of chloroplast transmission within a genus by comparing our results to the findings of another sunflower species study. The findings of occasional paternal transmission of the chloroplast genome are discussed in the framework of using these markers in studies of population and evolutionary biology both in Helianthus and other angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Ellis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Abstract
Simple-sequence repeats (SSRs) have increasingly become the marker of choice for population genetic analyses. Unfortunately, the development of traditional 'anonymous' SSRs from genomic DNA is costly and time-consuming. These problems are further compounded by a paucity of resources in taxa that lack clear economic importance. However, the advent of the genomics age has resulted in the production of vast amounts of publicly available DNA sequence data, including large collections of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from a variety of different taxa. Recent research has revealed that ESTs are a potentially rich source of SSRs that reveal polymorphisms not only within the source taxon, but in related taxa, as well. In this paper, we review what is known about the transferability of EST-SSRs from one taxon to another with particular reference to the potential of these markers to facilitate population genetic studies. As an example of the utility of these resources, we then cross-reference existing EST databases against lists of rare, endangered and invasive plant species and conclude that half of all suitable EST databases could be exploited for the population genetic analysis of species of conservation concern. We then discuss the advantages and disadvantages of EST-SSRs in the context of population genetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Ellis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Abstract
Determining the genetic structure of isolated or fragmented species is of critical importance when planning a suitable conservation strategy. In this study, we use nuclear and chloroplast SSRs (simple sequence repeats) to investigate the population genetics of an extremely rare sunflower, Helianthus verticillatus Small, which is known from only three locations in North America. We investigated levels of genetic diversity and population structure compared to a more common congener, Helianthus angustifolius L., using both nuclear and chloroplast SSRs. We also investigated its proposed hybrid origin from Helianthus grosseserratus Martens and H. angustifolius. Twenty-two nuclear SSRs originating from the cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) expressed sequence tag (EST) database, and known to be transferable to H. verticillatus and its putative parental taxa, were used in this study thereby allowing for statistical control of locus-specific effects in population genetic analyses. Despite its rarity, H. verticillatus possessed significantly higher levels of genetic diversity than H. angustifolius at nuclear loci and equivalent levels of chloroplast diversity. Significant levels of population subdivision were observed in H. verticillatus but of a magnitude comparable to that of H. angustifolius. Inspection of multilocus genotypes also revealed that clonal spread is highly localized. Finally, we conclude that H. verticillatus is not of hybrid origin as it does not exhibit a mixture of parental alleles at nuclear loci, and it does not share a chloroplast DNA haplotype with either of its putative parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Ellis
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biological Sciences, VU Station B 35-1634, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Potten CS, Ellis JR. Adult small intestinal stem cells: identification, location, characteristics, and clinical applications. Ernst Schering Res Found Workshop 2006:81-98. [PMID: 16903418 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-31437-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
There are few systems which enable adult tissue stem cells to be studied. However, the gastrointestinal tract with its high degree of polarity, well-defined cell migratory pathways, and dynamic cell replacement is a model tissue providing unique opportunities for stem cell study. Lineage tracking indicates that all cell replacement originates at well-defined stem cell positions, with an associated slower cell cycle. Radiobiological studies suggest a hierarchical stem cell compartment (actual and potential stem cells). Actual stem cells have an intolerance of genotoxic damage and die via apoptosis. Stem cells also selectively sort the old and new DNA strands at division, retaining the replication error free strands in the stem cell daughter. High genotoxic sensitivity and selective sorting of old and new DNA strands, provides extremely effective protective mechanisms against both replication and random errors. This provides a new explanation for the low cancer risk in the small intestine.
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Pawson MG, Ellis JR. Stock Identity of Elasmobranchs in the Northeast Atlantic in Relation to Assessment and Management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.2960/j.v35.m480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hammond TR, Ellis JR. Bayesian Assessment of Northeast Atlantic Spurdog Using a Stock Production Model, with Prior for Intrinsic Population Growth Rate Set by Demographic Methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.2960/j.v35.m486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ellis JR, Cruz-Martínez A, Rackham BD, Rogers SI. The Distribution of Chondrichthyan Fishes Around the British Isles and Implications for Conservation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.2960/j.v35.m485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Erskine FF, Ellis JR, Ellis KA, Stuber E, Hogan K, Miller V, Moore E, Bartholomeusz C, Harrison BJ, Lee B, Phan KL, Liley D, Nathan PJ. Evidence for synergistic modulation of early information processing by nicotinic and muscarinic receptors in humans. Hum Psychopharmacol 2004; 19:503-9. [PMID: 15378678 DOI: 10.1002/hup.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Impairments in early information processing are a hallmark feature of diverse neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several lines of evidence implicate a dysfunction of the cholinergic system in these disorders, particularly in AD where there is known degeneration in major cholinergic pathways. Inspection time (IT), a measure of early visual information processing speed, has been shown to be sensitive to cholinergic manipulation. The current study employed the IT task to (1) examine the independent roles of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors in modulating information processing and (2) investigate the interaction of nicotinic and muscarinic receptor systems in modulating information processing. Twelve healthy participants completed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study under four drug conditions; (1) placebo, (2) mecamylamine (15 mg; oral), (3) scopolamine (0.4 mg, s.c.), (4) mecamylamine (15 mg) + scopolamine (0.4 mg). IT measures were examined at baseline and 2.5 h post drug administration. Selective blockade of nicotinic receptors with mecamylamine did not significantly impair IT, whereas selective blockade of muscarinic receptors with scopolamine produced a significant but small impairment in IT. Combined blockade of both receptor types with scopolamine and mecamylamine produced a large impairment in IT performance. The results indicate that both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors are involved in modulating IT, and that the two systems may function synergistically to modulate early visual information processing. These findings suggest that functional abnormalities in both nicotinic and muscarinic systems may underlie deficits in early visual information processing seen in disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- F F Erskine
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Brain Sciences Institute, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith R Matthews
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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Goldin E, Stahl S, Cooney AM, Kaneski CR, Gupta S, Brady RO, Ellis JR, Schiffmann R. Transfer of a mitochondrial DNA fragment toMCOLN1 causes an inherited case of mucolipidosis IV. Hum Mutat 2004; 24:460-5. [PMID: 15523648 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A patient with mucolipidosis-IV heterozygous for two mutations in MCOLN1 expressed only her father's cDNA mutation c.1207C>T predicting an R403C change in mucolipin. She inherited a 93bp segment from mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase 5 (MTND5) from her mother that was inserted in-frame prior to the last nucleotide of exon 2 of MCOLN1 (c.236_237ins93). This alteration abolished proper splicing of MCOLN1. The splice site at the end of the exon was not used due to an inhibitory effect of the inserted segment, resulting in two aberrant splice products containing stop codons in the downstream intron. These products were eliminated via nonsense-mediated decay. This is the first report of an inherited transfer of mitochondrial nuclear DNA causing a genetic disease. The elimination of the splice site by the mitochondrial DNA requires a change in splicing prediction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehud Goldin
- Developmental and Metabolic Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1260, USA.
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Hellerud C, Adamowicz M, Jurkiewicz D, Taybert J, Kubalska J, Ciara E, Popowska E, Ellis JR, Lindstedt S, Pronicka E. Clinical heterogeneity and molecular findings in five Polish patients with glycerol kinase deficiency: investigation of two splice site mutations with computerized splice junction analysis and Xp21 gene-specific mRNA analysis. Mol Genet Metab 2003; 79:149-59. [PMID: 12855219 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-7192(03)00094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Five cases of glycerol kinase deficiency are presented with clinical, biochemical, and genetic results. Two had the glycerol kinase deficiency as part of an Xp21 contiguous gene deletion syndrome-complex form-and three had an isolated form of the enzyme deficiency. In these we found two splice site mutations (IVS1+4A>G, IVS9-1G>T) and one insertion (1393_1394insG). In patients with the complex form, a deletion of the DAX1, GK genes and the distal part of the DMD gene was found. A computerized study was performed to predict the effects of the splice site mutations. It showed that the IVS9-1G>T mutation substantially altered and removed the wild-type site and enhanced a cryptic site seven nucleotides downstream, and that the IVS1+4A>G diminished the strength of the wild-type donor site from strong to leaky. To verify these predictions, we developed an RT-PCR system with gene-specific primers that exclusively amplifies the Xp21 glycerol kinase gene transcript. Identification of individuals at risk is motivated by a need to avoid delay in a correct diagnosis. For reliable identification of heterozygotes for isolated glycerol kinase deficiency, knowledge of the specific mutation in the proband is required. This is easily obtained with the RT-PCR analyses developed in this study.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenal Insufficiency/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, X
- DAX-1 Orphan Nuclear Receptor
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- DNA Primers/chemistry
- DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry
- DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Gene Deletion
- Glycerol/blood
- Glycerol/urine
- Glycerol Kinase/chemistry
- Glycerol Kinase/deficiency
- Glycerol Kinase/genetics
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Male
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Mutation
- Poland
- Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/chemistry
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/deficiency
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/chemistry
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Hellerud
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg University, Bruna Stråket 16, S 413 415 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Hellerud C, Burlina A, Gabelli C, Ellis JR, Nyholm PG, Lindstedt S. Glycerol metabolism and the determination of triglycerides--clinical, biochemical and molecular findings in six subjects. Clin Chem Lab Med 2003; 41:46-55. [PMID: 12636049 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2003.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent recommendations in the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (ATPIII) are expected to increase the number of triglyceride (TG) determinations and consequently the risk of misinterpretation of "non-blanked" results with co-determination of free glycerol. Glycerol-kinase deficiency (GKD) is one cause of falsely elevated TG results. The natural history of isolated GKD with symptom-free cases and cases with e.g. severe episodes of hypoglycemia and/or ketoacidosis challenges the laboratories to identify cases of GKD and family members at risk. "Blanked" methods reporting both glycerol and TG concentration are therefore desirable. Molecular studies of the glycerol kinase (GK) and DAX1 genes were performed on four cases of "persistent hypertriglyceridemia" found in an Italian population and on two pediatric cases with high serum glycerol concentration. Two new missense mutations were found (C358Y, T961). Molecular modeling on GK from E. coli, indicate that these mutations are located in parts of the enzyme important for enzyme formation or activity. One splice-site mutation, (IVS9A-1G>A), was found in two brothers. Splice-junction analysis indicates that it destroys the splice site and results in a mixture of mRNA. Deletion of the GK and DAX1 genes was found in one child with symptoms of adrenal failure. A female with glycerolemia and glyceroluria had normal GK activity but possibly slightly decreased ability to oxidize glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Hellerud
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystinuria is an inherited disorder of cystine and dibasic amino acid transport in kidney. Subtypes are defined by the urinary cystine excretion patterns of the obligate heterozygous parents: Type I/N (fully recessive or silent); Type II/N (high excretor); Type III/N (moderate excretor). The first gene implicated in cystinuria (SLC3A1) is associated with the Type I urinary phenotype. A second cystinuria gene (SLC7A9) was recently isolated, and mutations of this gene were associated with dominant (non-Type I) cystinuria alleles. Here we report genotype-phenotype studies of SLC7A9 mutations in a cohort of well-characterized cystinuria probands and their family members. METHODS Individual exons of the SLC7A9 gene were screened by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and sequencing of abnormally migrating fragments. RESULTS Seven mutations were identified. A single bp insertion (799insA) was present in four patients: on Type III alleles in two patients and on Type II alleles in two patients. These results suggest that Type II and Type III may be caused by the same mutation and, therefore, other factors must influence urinary cystine excretion. A 4bp deletion in intron 12 (IVS12+4delAGTA) and a missense mutation (1245G-->A, A354T) were identified on Type III alleles. A nonsense codon (1491G-->T, E436X) and a possible splicing mutation (IVS9-17G-->A) were seen in a Type I/III patient, but the mutations could not be assigned to particular alleles. Of additional interest were two missense mutations (316T-->C, I44T and 967C-->T, P261L) linked to Type I alleles. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence that some SLC7A9 mutations may be associated with fully recessive (Type I) forms of cystinuria. We also demonstrate SLC7A9 mutations in dominant Types II and III cystinuria. The finding of SLC7A9 mutations in all three subtypes underscores the complex interactions between specific cystinuria genes and other factors influencing cystine excretion. A simpler phenotypic classification scheme (recessive and dominant) for cystinuria is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Leclerc
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University-Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec,Canada
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Abstract
One of the genes (SLC7A9) that causes cystinuria, an inborn error of amino acid transport, is localized to 19q13. Close examination of human genomic DNA sequences has identified a similar gene (SLC7A10) that also maps to the 19q13.1 region and is highly expressed in kidney. The homologies between SLC7A9 and SLC7A10 are likely the result of gene duplication. SLC7A10 is known to encode a protein with a function similar to that of the SLC7A9 gene product. To determine if mutations in the SLC7A10 gene could also cause cystinuria, we characterized the primary genomic structure and sequenced the 11 exons and surrounding sequences from 10 unrelated patients with cystinuria. We identified one missense mutation which may account for cystinuria in one family. We also observed one intronic change, as well as one silent mutation, that were seen only in cystinuria patients. We therefore suggest that the SLC7A10 gene warrants further investigation as another candidate gene for cystinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Leclerc
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
Prior attempts to screen for lung cancer using chest radiography and sputum cytology have proved unsuccessful. Recent reports have investigated the role of spiral CT in early lung cancer detection and have suggested that screening would be of value. Prior to the introduction of a national lung cancer screening programme, it would be essential to demonstrate that this would reduce mortality and would be cost effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Ellis
- Department of Radiology, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus type 16 variants have been described and may have different biologic activities: this has implications for the design of HPV vaccines. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to see if the HPV16 variant E-G 131 can be detected in women with preinvasive disease and to consider the histological and immunological implications of such infection. DESIGN A prospective observational cross-sectional study on a cohort of women with minor cervical cytological abnormalities was performed. METHODS Samples were tested for HPV DNA by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestion. Blood samples were tested for antibodies to HPV16 virus-like particles (VLP) and to determine class I HLA types. Women found to have abnormal colposcopy were treated by large-loop excision of the transformation zone on a see-and-treat basis. RESULTS Two hundred forty-one women were included in the study. Infection with the variant was detected in 20. 9% of cases and was not associated with any specific HLA type. These cases were more likely to have high-grade CIN than those with wild-type HPV16 or no HPV16 (chi2 = 18.85, P < 0.001). There were significant differences in seropositivity to HPV16 virus-like particles between the three groups (chi2 = 32.43, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The E-G 131 variant may have increased oncogenic potential by evading host immune responses, but its identification is only weakly predictive of high-grade disease in stepwise logistic regression. The lack of seropositivity to HPV16 VLP has implications for the design of prophylactic vaccines based on VLP to HPV16.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Etherington
- Division of Gynaecological Oncology, University of Birmingham, Nottingham
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Ellis JR, Etherington I, Galloway D, Luesley D, Young LS. Antibody responses to HPV16 virus-like particles in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia infected with a variant HPV16. Lancet 1997; 349:1069-70. [PMID: 9107250 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(05)62292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Ellis
- Department of Physical Education, San Diego State University, Calif., USA
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Shahian DM, Williamson WA, Venditti FJ, Martin DT, Ellis JR. The role of coronary revascularization in recipients of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995; 110:1013-22. [PMID: 7475129 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5223(05)80169-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The impact of adjuvant coronary revascularization was studied in a group of 138 recipients of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, all of whom had ischemic heart disease as the cause of their arrhythmias. Patients chosen for revascularization had more severe anatomic, symptomatic, or physiologic evidence of active ischemia. There were no operative deaths among 23 patients who actually underwent coronary artery bypass combined with cardioverter-defibrillator implantation; however, operative mortality by the intention-to-treat principle was 8% (2/25). Total cardiac survival was better for patients who underwent revascularization than for those patients who had "high-risk" characteristics and did not undergo revascularization. Stratified subgroup analysis demonstrated significant survival advantages favoring revascularization in patients with three-vessel or left main coronary artery disease, class III or IV angina, and an ejection fraction greater than 25%. Multivariate analysis revealed that low ejection fraction and left main coronary artery disease were independent predictors of decreased survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Shahian
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Lahey Clinic Medical Center, Burlington, Mass. 01805, USA
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37
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Ellis JR, Elg SA. Squamous cell carcinoma of the ovary. Hawaii Med J 1995; 54:704-707. [PMID: 7558804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Benign cystic teratoma is a very common ovarian lesion; and it commonly occurs during a woman's reproductive years and most often is benign. In approximately 1% to 2% of cases, however, it can undergo a malignant transformation with a very poor prognosis. This is especially the case when disseminated disease is present. Usually the associated malignancy is squamous cell carcinoma, and radical surgery is recommended. An American Samoan woman was air-evacuated to Tripler Army Medical Center for further evaluation and therapy after having undergone an exploratory laparotomy and right ovarian cystectomy. Her pathology at the time of her initial procedure revealed a mature cystic teratoma with a malignant degenerative component. Her diagnostic evaluation upon arrival was unremarkable except for her physical exam and pelvic CT. She subsequently underwent a radical surgical procedure to include a surgical staging procedure, revealing disseminated squamous cell carcinoma with FIGO stage III disease. Whereas malignant transformation of a benign cystic teratoma is a rare occurrence, a high index of suspicion should be maintained whenever a preoperative diagnosis is encountered; a radical surgical approach with en bloc resection should be employed. Adjuvant therapy with radiation or chemotherapeutic agents in general has not been shown to improve the outcome, especially in disseminated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Ellis
- Tripler Army Medical Center, Tripler AMC, Hawaii 96859-5000, USA
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Shahian DM, Williamson WA, Svensson LG, D'Agostino RS, Martin DT, Ellis JR, Venditti FJ. Transvenous versus transthoracic cardioverter-defibrillator implantation. A comparative analysis of morbidity, mortality, and survival. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995; 109:1066-74. [PMID: 7776670 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5223(95)70189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The hypothesis that transvenous implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator is associated with less morbidity than use of a transthoracic approach was investigated in a retrospective series of 146 patients. None of these patients had concomitant heart procedures, and the preoperative characteristics of the two groups were similar. When analyzed by actual technique used (transvenous, 57 patients; transthoracic, 89 patients) and by the intention-to-treat method (transvenous, 65 patients, 8 of whom actually underwent thoracotomy; thoracotomy, 81 patients), transvenous implantation was associated with a lower incidence of postoperative respiratory complications and atrial fibrillation. Total cardiac mortality and freedom from sudden cardiac death in the transvenous and transthoracic groups were comparable at 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Shahian
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, Mass. 01805, USA
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39
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Ellis JR, Keating PJ, Baird J, Hounsell EF, Renouf DV, Rowe M, Hopkins D, Duggan-Keen MF, Bartholomew JS, Young LS. The association of an HPV16 oncogene variant with HLA-B7 has implications for vaccine design in cervical cancer. Nat Med 1995; 1:464-70. [PMID: 7585096 DOI: 10.1038/nm0595-464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
HLA-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) recognition of human papillomavirus (HPV) oncogene products may be important in the control of the HPV infections associated with the development of cervical cancer. We have identified, in HLA-B7 individuals, a consistent variation in the HPV16 E6 oncoprotein sequence, which alters an HLA-B7 peptide binding epitope in a way likely to influence immune recognition by CTLs. These results illustrate a biologically relevant mechanism for escape from immune surveillance of HPV16 in HLA-B7 individuals. Thus, both HLA type and HPV16 strain variation need to be considered in the screening of at-risk individuals and for the rational design of anti-HPV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Ellis
- University of Birmingham CRC Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham Medical School, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Hartley
- Nursing Programs, College of the Desert, Palm Desert, CA 92260, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduction in R-wave amplitude immediately after defibrillation shocks in an integrated shock/sense transvenous cardioverter-defibrillator (TCD) lead system has prompted concerns regarding adequate sensing after failed shocks. We therefore studied redetection characteristics for ventricular fibrillation after unsuccessful defibrillation shocks in a TCD system to determine if these observations have clinical relevance. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifty patients with this shock/sense TCD lead system underwent conversion testing of their TCD at several time intervals. There were a total of 142 failed shocks events recorded, including 10, 15, 70, and 47 events at implantation, predischarge, and 2- and 6-month testing, respectively. Initial detection time (IDT) and redetection time (RDT) for ventricular fibrillation were measured from event markers for all unsuccessful defibrillation shocks. To assess the effect of failed shocks on electrogram quality, 54 failed shock episodes were evaluated in 37 of the 50 patients by measuring electrograms during VF before and after shock. Mean RDT for the entire group was 5.3 +/- 3.5 seconds compared with an IDT of 4.5 +/- 3.3 seconds (P = NS). There were no significant differences between IDT and RDT at implantation or any follow-up testing period, despite a significant decline in R-wave amplitude from 8.1 +/- 3.5 to 6.8 +/- 2.8 mV (P < .0001) measured 3 to 6 seconds after shock delivery. Analysis of 8 individuals with any extended RDT (> or = 10 seconds) showed no significant differences in clinical or implantation characteristics when compared with 42 individuals without extended RDT. CONCLUSIONS In this integrated shock/sense TCD lead system, unsuccessful shock delivery has no significant effect on redetection of ventricular fibrillation at device implantation or up to 6 months of follow-up, despite an observed reduction in postshock R-wave amplitude. Therefore, the reported reduction in electrogram quality after a shock is of no practical importance because sensing of ventricular fibrillation does not appear to be compromised in this particular TCD system. Whether this applies to other implantable cardioverter-defibrillator pulse generators and lead systems with different sensing characteristics requires further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Ellis
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Laboratory, Lahey Clinic Medical Center, Burlington, MA 01805
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Kanar CL, Ellis JR, LaBan MM, McElroy DM. Syringomyelia: Symptoms, etiology, demographics and associated disability. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-9993(94)90901-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Tierney RJ, Ellis JR, Winter H, Kaur S, Wilson S, Woodman CB, Young LS. PCR for the detection of cervical HPV16 infection: the need for standardization. Int J Cancer 1993; 54:700-1. [PMID: 8390411 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910540428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Ellis JR. Low energy as part of a flexible strategy in hospital design. Health Estate J 1993; 47:2-8, 10-2, 14-6. [PMID: 10124838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
It is well recognised that energy utilisation in hospitals often forms a significant element of the operation and revenue costs of such facilities. Whilst much attention continues to be focused on low energy, the importance of combining this within a flexible design strategy is often less well acknowledged. This paper highlights the need to consider energy when addressing flexibility in the design and planning of hospitals. It also shows how such an approach has been adopted in the UK's first low energy hospital, completed in 1990.
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Bentz PM, Ellis JR. Developing management skills through a preceptor-based experience in community nursing homes. NLN Publ 1993:133-41. [PMID: 8483717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Waldin TR, Ellis JR, Hussey PJ. Tubulin-isotype analysis of two grass species-resistant to dinitroaniline herbicides. Planta 1992; 188:258-64. [PMID: 24178263 DOI: 10.1007/bf00216822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/1992] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Trifluralin-resistant biotypes of Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. (goosegrass) and Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. (green foxtail) exhibit cross-resistance to other dinitroaniline herbicides. Since microtubules are considered the primary target site for dinitroaniline herbicides we investigated whether the differential sensitivity of resistant and susceptible biotypes of these species results from modified tubulin polypeptides. One-dimensional and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis combined with immunoblotting using well-characterised anti-tubulin monoclonal antibodies were used to display the family of tubulin isotypes in each species. Seedlings of E. indica exhibited four β-tubulin isotypes and one α-tubulin isotype, whereas those of S. viridis exhibited two β-tubulin and two α-tubulin isotypes. Comparison of the susceptible and resistant biotypes within each species revealed no differences in electrophoretic properties of the multiple tubulin isotypes. These results provide no evidence that resistance to dinitroaniline herbicides is associated with a modified tubulin polypeptide in these biotypes of E. indica or S. viridis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Waldin
- Department of Biochemistry, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, University of London, Egham Hill, TW20 OEX, Egham, Surrey, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Young
- Department of Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham Medical School, U.K
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Bentz P, Ellis JR. The challenge to faculty. NLN Publ 1991:25-34. [PMID: 1788061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Jones SA, Ellis JR, Klegeris A, Greenfield SA. The relationship between visual stimulation, behaviour and continuous release of protein in the substantia nigra. Brain Res 1991; 560:163-6. [PMID: 1760724 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(91)91227-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the substantia nigra, a protein (acetylcholinesterase) is secreted from the dendrites of dopaminergic pars compacta neurons, in a noncholinergic capacity. This non-classical phenomenon could be influenced by sensory stimulation: the effect of light flashing was investigated on the 'on-line' release of acetylcholinesterase and concomitant behaviour in the guinea-pig. The stimulus induced an increase in release of the protein and the appearance of chewing movements. Similarly, chewing could also be elicited by direct local application of exogenous acetylcholinesterase. The results suggest that visual stimulation causes release of AChE, which in turn facilitates movement. Therefore secretion of this protein within the substantia nigra might form an important intermediary step in visuo-motor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Jones
- University Department of Pharmacology, Oxford, U.K
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Hatamoto H, Boulter ME, Shirsat AH, Croy EJ, Ellis JR. Recovery of morphologically normal transgenic tobacco from hairy roots co-transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes and a binary vector plasmid. Plant Cell Rep 1990; 9:88-92. [PMID: 24226437 DOI: 10.1007/bf00231556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/1989] [Revised: 04/18/1990] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Co-transformation of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaf explants with Agrobacterium rhizogenes harbouring pRi1855 and the binary vector pBin19 was achieved at a frequency of 67%. The kanamycin resistant hairy roots were cultured via a callusing phase to regenerate plants which were partially fertile when outcrossed with wild-type pollen. Phenotypic and molecular analysis of the F1 progeny demonstrated the efficient segregation of the hairy root marker from the kanamycin resistance marker, enabling morphologically normal plants to be recovered which retained the binary vector marker gene. This co-transformation strategy provides a means of introducing non-selectable genes into plants in cases where antibiotic resistance markers are undesirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hatamoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Durham, South Road, DH1 3LE, Durham, UK
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