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Kohl HW, DiPietro L, Lee IM, Ding D, Hallal PC, Morrow JR, Pate RR. Remembering Steven N. Blair. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:993. [PMID: 37857385 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Harold W Kohl
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX,USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX,USA
| | - Loretta DiPietro
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC,USA
| | - I-Min Lee
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,USA
| | - Ding Ding
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW,Australia
- The Charles Perkins Center, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW,Australia
| | - Pedro C Hallal
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL,USA
| | - James R Morrow
- Regents Professor Emeritus, University of North Texas, Denton, TX,USA
| | - Russell R Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC,USA
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Barton M, Jackson AW, Martin SB, Morrow JR, Petrie TA, Greenleaf CA. Better Health-Related Fitness in Youth: Implications for Public Health Guidelines. Int J Exerc Sci 2017; 10:379-389. [PMID: 28515834 PMCID: PMC5421978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Public health guidelines for physical activity (PA) behaviors are being updated with 2018 as a proposed release date. Currently, ≥60 minutes of daily PA are recommended for youth. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the association between reported days of aerobic PA and health-related fitness (HRF). Participants included 4448 students in grades 6-8. Self-reported days of ≥60 minutes of aerobic PA was obtained. HRF was assessed with FitnessGram. Discriminant analysis indicated that weekly days of aerobic PA related to HRF. Adolescents who participated in ≥5 days of weekly aerobic PA generally had better fitness results than those with ≤4 days. Chi-square analyses indicated the highest percentages of adolescents in the FitnessGram Healthy Fitness Zone™ (HFZ) for each test item were those with ≥5 days of aerobic PA. These findings provided initial support that the impact of aerobic PA on HRF plateaus at 5 days per week. Thus, adolescents may be able to improve HRF even if they do not meet the currently recommended guidelines for daily PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitch Barton
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Health Promotion, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Allen W Jackson
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Health Promotion, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Scott B Martin
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Health Promotion, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - James R Morrow
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Health Promotion, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Trent A Petrie
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Health Promotion, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Christy A Greenleaf
- Department of Kinesiology, Exercise Science & Health Promotion, University Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Kim Y, Kang M, Tacón AM, Morrow JR. Longitudinal trajectories of physical activity in women using latent class growth analysis: The WIN Study. J Sport Health Sci 2016; 5:410-416. [PMID: 30356543 PMCID: PMC6188875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed (1) to examine the longitudinal trajectories in objectively measured physical activity (PA); (2) to identify unknown (i.e., latent) subgroups with distinct trajectories; and (3) to examine the correlates of latent subgroups among community dwelling women. METHODS The study sample included a total of 669 women from the Women's Injury Study, a 5-year prospective cohort study conducted from 2007 in the Southwest Central region of the US. Pedometer-based step-count data across 18 consecutive months were fitted to a latent growth model (LGM) and a latent class growth model (LCGM). Baseline characteristics were regressed on latent class membership. RESULTS The longitudinal change in PA was best fit to a piecewise LGM with seasonal transitions. Significantly increased and decreased levels of PA were observed during the spring, fall, and winter, respectively (p < 0.001). Three latent subgroups with distinct PA trajectories were identified (low-active (46.8%), somewhat-active (41.3%), and active (11.9%)). Age and body fat percentage at the baseline significantly explained the likelihoods of being in low-active subgroup. CONCLUSION Seasonal variations in PA among women were observed but may not be practically significant. A relatively large portion of the sample showed low levels of PA for long periods. Intervention strategies should be considered for women who are overweight or obese, and aged >40 years old to promote PA during the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngdeok Kim
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Minsoo Kang
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
| | - Anna M. Tacón
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - James R. Morrow
- Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
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Abstract
To compare learner cognitive and affective responses to a lesson on smokeless tobacco, 205 undergraduate students were randomly assigned to a control or one of three experimental groups. Experimental groups viewed a videotape in the classroom or individually, or viewed an interactive video version of the lesson. They then completed a questionnaire to ascertain knowledge and attitudes about smokeless tobacco and lesson satisfaction. The interactive video group demonstrated the most accurate and comprehensive recall. While neither videotape group answered as many questions correctly as the interactive video group, the individual videotape group did better than the classroom videotape group and all experimental groups did better than the control group. Additionally, the interactive video group was more willing to promote cessation among users. Learner satisfaction with the interactive video equipment and lesson was high. The increased knowledge and motivation to act reported suggest opportunities for future uses of interactive video.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Barbara Signer
- Institute for Learning and Teaching, University of Massachusetts at Boston
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Fulton JE, Carlson SA, Ainsworth BE, Berrigan D, Carlson C, Dorn JM, Heath GW, Kohl HW, Lee IM, Lee SM, Másse LC, Morrow JR, Gabriel KP, Pivarnik JM, Pronk NP, Rodgers AB, Saelens BE, Sallis JF, Troiano RP, Tudor-Locke C, Wendel A. Strategic Priorities for Physical Activity Surveillance in the United States. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016; 48:2057-69. [PMID: 27187094 PMCID: PMC10986675 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Develop strategic priorities to guide future physical activity surveillance in the United States. METHODS The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine convened a scientific roundtable of physical activity and measurement experts. Participants summarized the current state of aerobic physical activity surveillance for adults, focusing on practice and research needs in three areas: 1) behavior, 2) human movement, and 3) community supports. Needs and challenges for each area were identified. At the conclusion of the meeting, experts identified one overarching strategy and five strategic priorities to guide future surveillance. RESULTS The identified overarching strategy was to develop a national plan for physical activity surveillance similar to the U.S. National Physical Activity Plan for promotion. The purpose of the plan would be to enhance coordination and collaboration within and between sectors, such as transportation and public health, and to address specific strategic priorities identified at the roundtable. These strategic priorities were used 1) to identify and prioritize physical activity constructs; 2) to assess the psychometric properties of instruments for physical activity surveillance; 3) to provide training and technical assistance for those collecting, analyzing, or interpreting surveillance data; 4) to explore accessing data from alternative sources; and 5) to improve communication, translation, and dissemination about estimates of physical activity from surveillance systems. CONCLUSION This roundtable provided strategic priorities for physical activity surveillance in the United States. A first step is to develop a national plan for physical activity surveillance that would provide an operating framework from which to execute these priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet E Fulton
- 1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; 2Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ; 3National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; 4Merrimack College, N. Andover, MA England College, Henniker, NH; 5University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN; 6University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, Austin, TX; 7University of Texas, Austin, TX; 8Harvard University, Boston, MA; 9University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CANADA; 10Child and Family Research Institute at the British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, CANADA; 11University of North Texas, Denton, TX; 12Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; 13HealthPartners, Minneapolis, MN; 14Harvard University, Boston, MA; 15Consultant for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Falls Church, VA; 16University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA; 17University of California of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; 18University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA; and 19Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA
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Cooper KH, Greenberg JD, Castelli DM, Barton M, Martin SB, Morrow JR. Implementing Policies to Enhance Physical Education and Physical Activity in Schools. Res Q Exerc Sport 2016; 87:133-140. [PMID: 27100264 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2016.1164009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this commentary is to provide an overview of national physical activity recommendations and policies (e.g., from the Institute of Medicine, National Physical Activity Plan, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) and to discuss how these important initiatives can be implemented in local schools. Successful policies are illustrated. Specific strategies and ideas are shared regarding how physical educators can assert themselves and impart their knowledge in an effort to build support for policy implementations that enhance the delivery of physical education and physical activity in their schools and communities.
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Levitt DE, Jackson AW, Morrow JR. Elevated Medical Costs for Obese Fifth Graders in California and Texas. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000479228.07204.a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Participating in health-related physical activity (PA) may increase risk for musculoskeletal injury (MSI). PURPOSE This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of structural/biomechanical risk factors in community-dwelling women and associated risk for incidence of MSI in women who are physically active. METHODS The Women's Injury study is a surveillance of PA behaviors and MSI in women age 20-83 yr. An orthopedic examination was performed before entry into the study to assess presence of structural/biomechanical risk factors. A total of 886 women completed data collection by reporting weekly PA behavior and MSI for up to 3 yr (2007-2009), with the average participant enrolled for 98 wk. To estimate MSI risk associated with each risk factor separately, time to first MSI was modeled using proportional hazard regression with time-dependent PA covariates, controlling for age, body mass index, and previous injury. RESULTS Over the course of the study, 236 of the women (26.6%) reported at least one MSI that was PA related. We found a significant association between the number of high flexibility risk factors and PA-related injury at all levels of PA exposure (HR = 1.15 and confidence interval (CI) = 1.04-1.27 for moderate-to-vigorous PA; HR = 1.16 and CI = 1.05-1.28 for moderate PA; HR = 1.15 and CI = 1.04-1.27 for vigorous PA). CONCLUSIONS When participating at any level of PA for health benefits, women with hypermobility in multiple muscle groups or joints should be watchful for musculoskeletal symptoms and should be counseled not to ignore symptoms when they first occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Trudelle-Jackson
- 1School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Dallas, TX; 2The Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX; and 3Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, TX
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Abstract
Peer review of scholarship is essential to journal quality, evidence, knowledge advancement, and application of that knowledge in any field. This commentary summarizes recent literature on issues related to peer-review quality and current review practice in kinesiology and provides recommendations to improve peer review in kinesiology journals. We reviewed the literature on the characteristics of peer review in scientific journals and describe the status of peer review in kinesiology journals. Although the majority of scholars and editors strongly support the peer-review process, systematic research in several disciplines has shown somewhat positive but mixed results for the efficacy of peer review in evaluating the quality of and improving research reports. Past recommendations for improvement have focused on agreement between reviewers, standards for evaluating quality, and clarification of the editorial team roles. Research on interventions, however, indicates that improving reviewer performance is difficult. The specific research on peer review in kinesiology is limited. Six recommendations to improve peer review are proposed: publishing clear evaluation standards, establishing collaborative evaluation procedures and editorial team roles, utilizing online submission data to help improve reviewer comments, creating author appeals procedures, protecting reviewer time commitments, and improving reviewer recognition. There is considerable variation in peer-review criteria and procedures in kinesiology, and implementing several reasonable improvements may advance knowledge development and the field of kinesiology.
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Farrell SW, Finley CE, Jackson AW, Vega GL, Morrow JR. Association of multiple adiposity exposures and cardiorespiratory fitness with all-cause mortality in men: the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study. Mayo Clin Proc 2014; 89:772-80. [PMID: 24809758 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the additive effects of an increased number of positive adiposity exposures on all-cause mortality in men before and after stratification by cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) level. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 36,836 men underwent a physical examination at the Cooper Clinic from January 1, 1971, through December 31, 2006. Exposures included body mass index, waist circumference, percentage of body fat, and CRF as determined by duration of a maximal exercise test. Participants were identified as being either obese (positive) or nonobese (negative) for each adiposity exposure and then grouped into 4 categories: group 1, negative for all adiposity exposures; group 2, positive for any 1 exposure; group 3, positive for any 2 exposures; and group 4, positive for all exposures. Then CRF was grouped as fit or unfit on the basis of the upper 80% and lower 20% of the age-standardized CRF distribution as previously reported in the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study. Hazard ratios were computed with Cox regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 2294 deaths occurred during a mean ± SD of 15.5 ± 8.1 years of follow-up. Adjusted hazard ratios across adiposity groups were 1.0 (referent), 1.05, 1.37, and 1.87 for groups 1 through 4, respectively (P for trend <.001). Mortality rates were significantly lower within each of the first 3 adiposity groups in fit compared with unfit men (P<.009 for all comparisons). CONCLUSION An increasing number of positive adiposity exposures were associated with increased mortality in men. Because moderate to high CRF attenuated mortality rates in all adiposity groups, measurement of CRF should be included for identifying men at increased risk for all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Allen W Jackson
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of North Texas, Denton
| | - Gloria L Vega
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - James R Morrow
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of North Texas, Denton
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Davis JC, Verhagen E, Bryan S, Liu-Ambrose T, Borland J, Buchner D, Hendriks MRC, Weiler R, Morrow JR, van Mechelen W, Blair SN, Pratt M, Windt J, al-Tunaiji H, Macri E, Khan KM. 2014 Consensus Statement from the first Economics of Physical Inactivity Consensus (EPIC) Conference (Vancouver). Br J Sports Med 2014; 48:947-51. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-093575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Kim Y, Kang M, Morrow JR. Longitudinal Trajectories Of Step-Count Measures In Women Using A Latent Class Growth Curve Modeling. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000495864.41879.b5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Knell G, Morrow JR, Vingren JL, Jackson AW. Reliability Of An Online System To Assess Muscle-strengthening Activities In Kinesiology Students. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000495174.95812.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Howard EN, DeFina LF, Leonard D, Custodio MA, Morrow JR. Physical activity and musculoskeletal injuries in women: the Women's Injury Study. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2013; 22:1038-42. [PMID: 24117001 PMCID: PMC3852605 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2013.4287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased injury rates have been associated with physical activity (PA). The differences in musculoskeletal injury (MSI) characteristics resulting from PA, versus those unrelated to PA, are unknown. We describe the pattern of PA and non-PA MSI incurred by community-dwelling women. METHODS Data were extracted from the Women's Injury Study, a web-based observational study that tracked weekly PA behaviors and self-reported MSI of 909 community-dwelling women ages 20-83 years. The primary outcome was self-reported MSI that interrupted daily activities ≥2 days and/or required treatment from a health care provider. Follow-up telephone reporting of MSIs allowed further description of injuries. Mixed effects logistic regression was used to identify injury sites associated with PA, controlling for age, body mass index, previous injury, and use of alcohol. RESULTS Incidence of PA and non-PA MSIs were comparable; some differences in injury characteristics were evident across 83,241 person-weeks of reporting. Non-PA MSIs were more likely to come on "suddenly" (54% vs. 8%) and commonly involved head/jaw/neck injuries. Reported PA-related MSIs were less likely to require health care provider treatment (60% vs. 80%) and resulted in less missed days of work/school (11%) versus non-PA MSIs (17%). Compared to non-PA related injuries, PA-related injuries were more likely to involve the lower (odds ratio [OR]=3.10, p=0.002) or upper limbs (OR=2.54, p=0.01) and less likely to involve the head/jaw/neck (OR=0.21, p=0.002). CONCLUSION There are some differences in mechanisms of injury, the distribution of injuries by anatomical location, and the treatment of injuries depending on aerobic activity participation, although absolute rates of MSI were comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - James R. Morrow
- The Cooper Institute, Dallas Texas
- Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
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Frierson GM, Morrow JR, Vidales A. Successful minority recruitment and adherence in physical activity Internet-based research: the WIN study. J Natl Med Assoc 2013; 104:544-54. [PMID: 23560357 DOI: 10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers studying physical activity often face challenges dealing with recruitment and resources, particularly when conducting longitudinal Internet-based research. Commonly raised methodological problems such as minority recruitment, participant commitment, and participant-staff involvement are addressed through a theoretically driven recruitment and adherence protocol in The Women's Exercise Injuries: Incidence and Risk Factors (WIN) Internet-based study. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this paper were to review and suggest solutions to problems of: (1) low recruitment of diverse samples, (2) low adherence, and (3) staffing needs. METHODS We recruited 1303 community-dwelling women and followed them through a multiple-phase, longitudinal, Internet-based study. Recruitment and adherence data were analyzed through descriptive methods and logistic regressions to examine participant adherence and sociodemographic factors and predictors of who entered the long-term phase of the study. RESULTS We successfully retained 71.6% of the sample through 4 recruitment phases. Twenty-seven percent of the initially recruited sample was racial/ethnically diverse, 24% began the long-term phase, and 23% completed. Several strategies to enhance participant commitment were successfully used during the practice phase, providing a successful, low staff to participant ratio. Logistic regression indicated being married, being older, and having greater Internet skills were predictive of successfully entering the long-term phase of the study. CONCLUSIONS Recruitment and compliance protocols were successful in meeting overall and racial/ethnic enrollment and recruitment goals. The theoretically based practice phase techniques were successful in re-engaging noncompliant participants. Strategies for minority enrollment and compliance are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georita M Frierson
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA.
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Morrow JR, Tucker JS, Jackson AW, Martin SB, Greenleaf CA, Petrie TA. Meeting physical activity guidelines and health-related fitness in youth. Am J Prev Med 2013; 44:439-44. [PMID: 23597805 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND National physical activity guidelines have been developed for Americans. Interest lies in the relationship between meeting the national physical activity guidelines and physical fitness outcomes in youth. Theoretically, those who meet the physical activity guidelines are more physically fit, which translates to better health and reduced risk. PURPOSE To examine the relationship between youth self-reported physical activity behaviors sufficient to meet DHHS Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans and an external health criterion: achievement of the FITNESSGRAM(®) Healthy Fitness Zone™ (HFZ). METHODS Logistic regression was used to examine achievement of the HFZ for three physical fitness measures (i.e., aerobic capacity, BMI, and muscle fitness) separately, and for all three combined, based on self-reported physical activity of 7 days per week for aerobic activity and ≥3 days per week of muscle-strengthening activity. One model examined the direct relationship between physical activity and fitness measures, and a second model assessed the same relationship while controlling for gender, age, ethnicity, economic status, and school. Data were collected during the 2009-2010 academic year and analyzed in 2012. RESULTS Adolescents failing to meet national aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity guidelines have higher odds of not achieving healthy physical fitness levels of aerobic capacity, BMI, muscle fitness, and the combination of all three. An increase in the number of days of aerobic activity was related to decreased odds of being in the Needs Improvement Fitness Zone. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide further support that meeting the national physical activity guidelines produces health benefits for youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Morrow
- Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA.
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Morrow JR, Jackson AS, Hosler WW, Kachurik JK. The Importance of Strength, Speed, and Body Size for Team Success in Women's Intercollegiate Volleyball. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00345377.1979.10615630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James R. Morrow
- a Department of Health and Physical Education , University of Houston , Houston , TX , 77004 , USA
| | - Andrew S. Jackson
- a Department of Health and Physical Education , University of Houston , Houston , TX , 77004 , USA
| | - William W. Hosler
- a Department of Health and Physical Education , University of Houston , Houston , TX , 77004 , USA
| | - Janyce K. Kachurik
- a Department of Health and Physical Education , University of Houston , Houston , TX , 77004 , USA
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Morrow JR, Defina LF, Leonard D, Trudelle-Jackson E, Custodio MA. Meeting physical activity guidelines and musculoskeletal injury: the WIN study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2013; 44:1986-92. [PMID: 22525778 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31825a36c6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The United States Department of Health and Human Services disseminated physical activity (PA) guidelines (PAGs) for Americans in 2008. The guidelines are based on appropriate quantities of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic PA and resistance exercise (RE) associated with decreased morbidity and mortality risk and increased health benefits. However, increases in PA levels are associated with increased risk of musculoskeletal injuries (MSIs). We related the amount and type of PA conducted on a weekly basis with the risk of MSI. METHODS A prospective, observational study using weekly Internet tracking of moderate-to-vigorous PA and RE behaviors and MSIs in 909 community-dwelling women for up to 3 yr was conducted. The primary outcome was self-reported MSIs (total, PA related, and non-PA related) interrupting typical daily work and/or exercise behaviors for ≥ 2 d or necessitating health care provider visit. RESULTS Meeting versus not meeting PAGs was associated with more MSIs during PA (HR = 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05-1.85, P = 0.02) but was not associated with MSIs unrelated to PA (HR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.75-1.29, P = 0.92) or with MSIs overall (HR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.95-1.39, P = 0.14). CONCLUSIONS The results illustrate the risk of MSI with PA. MSI risk rises with increasing PA. Despite this modest increase in MSIs, the known benefits of aerobic and resistance PAs should not hinder physicians from encouraging patients to meet current PAGs for both moderate-to-vigorous exercise and RE behaviors with the intent of achieving health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Morrow
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205-5017, USA.
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Lounsbery MAF, McKenzie TL, Morrow JR, Monnat SM, Holt KA. District and School Physical Education Policies: Implications for Physical Education and Recess Time. Ann Behav Med 2013; 45 Suppl 1:S131-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s12160-012-9427-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
PURPOSE. Investigate relations between demographic characteristics and submission method, Internet or paper, when physical activity behaviors are reported. DESIGN. Observational. SETTING . Metropolitan. SUBJECTS. Adult women (N = 918) observed weekly for 2 years (total number of weekly reports, 44,963). MEASURES. Independent variables included age, race, education, income, employment status, and Internet skills. Dependent variables were method of submission (Internet or paper) and adherence. ANALYSIS . Logistic regression to analyze weekly odds of submitting data online and meeting study adherence criteria. Model 1 investigated method of submission, model 2 analyzed meeting study's Internet adherence, and model 3 analyzed meeting total adherence regardless of submission method. RESULTS. Whites, those with good Internet skills, and those reporting higher incomes were more likely to log online. Those who were white, older, and reported good Internet skills were more likely to be at least 75% adherent online. Older women were more likely to be adherent regardless of method. Employed women were less likely to log online or be adherent. CONCLUSION . Providing participants with multiple submission methods may reduce potential bias and provide more generalizable results relevant for future Internet-based research.
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Trudelle-Jackson E, Jackson AW, Morrow JR. Relations of meeting national public health recommendations for muscular strengthening activities with strength, body composition, and obesity: the Women's Injury Study. Am J Public Health 2011; 101:1930-5. [PMID: 21852647 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2011.300175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined the relations of meeting or not meeting the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommendations for muscular strengthening activities with percentage of body fat, body mass index (BMI; defined as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters, squared), muscular strength, and obesity classification in women. METHODS We analyzed data on 918 women aged 20 to 83 years in the Women's Injury Study from 2007 to 2009. A baseline orthopedic examination included measurement of height, body weight, skinfolds, and muscle strength. RESULTS Women who met muscle strengthening activity recommendations had significantly lower BMI and percentage of body fat and higher muscle strength. Women not meeting those recommendations were more likely to be obese (BMI ≥ 30) compared with women who met the recommendations after we adjusted for age, race, and aerobic physical activity (odds ratio = 2.28; 95% confidence interval = 1.61, 3.23). CONCLUSIONS There was a small but significant positive association between meeting muscle strengthening activity recommendations and muscular strength, a moderate inverse association with body fat percentage, and a strong inverse association with obesity classification, providing preliminary support for the muscle strengthening activity recommendation for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Trudelle-Jackson
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman’s University, 8194 Walnut Hill Lane, Dallas, TX 75231, USA.
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Morrow JR, Bain TM, Frierson GM, Trudelle-Jackson E, Haskell WL. Long-term tracking of physical activity behaviors in women: the WIN Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011; 43:165-70. [PMID: 20473221 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3181e61937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Interest lies in the prevalence of community-living women meeting the 2008 Department of Health and Human Services physical activity guidelines across time. The purpose was to report prevalence and stability of long-term (up to 125 wk) tracking of physical activity behaviors and to compare self-reported physical activity behaviors using different measures. METHODS The WIN study tracks nearly real-time physical activity behaviors in community-living women. At baseline, 918 women began weekly Internet reporting of physical activity behaviors, accessing a secure Internet site and answering eight questions about physical activity behaviors for the previous week. Measures included days and minutes of moderate, vigorous, walking, and strengthening activities, and pedometer steps were recorded weekly. RESULTS Prevalence of meeting physical activity guidelines depended on the criterion used. Weekly averages across the surveillance period indicated 25% reported ≥150 min of moderate physical activity, 47% reported ≥75 min of vigorous physical activity, 57% reported ≥150 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, 63% conducted ≥500 MET·min of physical activity, 15% reported ≥2 d of strengthening activities per week, and 39% reported ≥7500 steps per week. Alpha coefficients (≥0.97) indicated stable physical activity behaviors across all measures. CONCLUSIONS Across reporting methods, it is estimated that approximately 50% or more of these community-living women engage in sufficient physical activity for health benefits weekly across long-term follow-up. Self-report physical activity behaviors are stable across long periods in these community-living women not participating in a specific physical activity intervention.
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Lakoski SG, Barlow CE, Farrell SW, Berry JD, Morrow JR, Haskell WL. Impact of body mass index, physical activity, and other clinical factors on cardiorespiratory fitness (from the Cooper Center longitudinal study). Am J Cardiol 2011; 108:34-9. [PMID: 21529738 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.02.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is widely accepted as an important reversible cardiovascular risk factor. In the present study, we examined the nonmodifiable and modifiable determinants of CRF within a large healthy Caucasian population of men and women. The study included 20,239 patients presenting to Cooper Clinic (Dallas, Texas) for a comprehensive medical examination from 2000 through 2010. CRF was determined by maximal treadmill exercise testing. Physical activity categories were 0 metabolic equivalent tasks (METs)/min/week (no self-reported moderate or vigorous intensity physical activity), 1 to 449 METs/min/week (not meeting physical activity guideline), 450 to 749 METs/min/week (meeting guideline), and ≥750 METs/min/week (exceeding guideline). Linear regression modeling was used to determine the most robust clinical factors associated with achieved treadmill time. Age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity were the most important factors associated with CRF, explaining 56% of the variance (R(2) = 0.56). The addition of all other factors combined (current smoking, systolic blood pressure, blood glucose, high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, health status) were associated with CRF (p <0.05) but additively only improved R(2) by 2%. There was a significant interaction between BMI and physical activity on CRF, such that normal-weight (BMI <25 kg/m(2)) subjects achieved higher CRF for a given level of physical activity compared to obese subjects (BMI ≥30 kg/m(2)). Percent body fat, not lean body mass, was the key factor driving this interaction. In conclusion, BMI was the most important clinical risk factor associated with CRF other than nonmodifiable risk factors age and gender. For a similar amount of physical activity, normal-weight subjects achieved a higher CRF level compared to obese subjects. These data suggest that obesity may offset the benefits of physical activity on achieved CRF, even in a healthy population of men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan G Lakoski
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, USA.
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Lounsbery MA, McKenzie TL, Morrow JR, Holt K. Test-Retest Reliabilities of an Instrument to Assess School Physical Activity Policies. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000401685.09060.a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Vingren JL, Morrow JR, Trudelle-Jackson E, Mathew M. What Strengthening Activities Do Women Perform? Findings From The Women's Injury (WIN) Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000402012.69868.f8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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San Miguel K, Morrow JR, Jackson AW, Martin SB. Reliability and Validity of the FITNESSGRAM® Physical Activity Items. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000402499.28944.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Trudelle-Jackson E, Morrow JR. Are Lower Limb Muscle Strength and Flexibility Deficits Predictive of Musculoskeletal Injury? The WIN Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000400975.21525.ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Barlow CE, Shuval K, Morrow JR. Is Sitting Time Related To Moderate And Vigorous Physical Activity Among Middle-aged Women? Observations From The Win Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000401993.49676.1f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Borman NP, Johnson KM, Trudelle-Jackson E, Vingren JL, Morrow JR. Self-report Resistance Exercise Behaviors, Falls Self-efficacy And History Of Falls -the Win Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000400957.35879.3e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Morrow JR, Trudelle-Jackson E, Haskell WL. Meeting Physical Activity Guidelines and Incidence of Musculoskeletal Injury: The WIN Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000400989.67266.a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Martin SB, Tucker J, Morrow JR, Greenleaf CA, Petrie TA, Jackson AW. Relation between the FITNESSGRAM® Assessment and Physical Activity Items. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000402495.06073.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jackson AW, Lee DC, Sui X, Morrow JR, Church TS, Maslow AL, Blair SN. Muscular strength is inversely related to prevalence and incidence of obesity in adult men. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010; 18:1988-95. [PMID: 19960002 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2009.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to determine the relation between quintiles of muscular strength after adjustment for age and body weight, and excessive body fat (EBF) and excessive abdominal fat (EAF) when controlling for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and other potential confounders. A two-phased cross-sectional and longitudinal study was conducted assessing the prevalence and incidence of EBF and EAF across quintiles of muscular strength. The sample included 3,258 men (mean age = 42.2 ± 8.9; weight (kg) = 81.2 ± 11.0; BMI = 25.3 ± 2.9; %fat = 19.4 ± 5.8; waist girth (cm) = 91.2 ± 9.0) who completed at least two clinical examinations as part of the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS). Muscular strength was assessed with tests of upper and lower body muscular strength using rack-mounted weights with participants placed into strength quintiles. CRF was measured by a modified Balke treadmill test, %fat via underwater weighing or seven-site skinfold measurements, and waist girth measured at the level of the umbilicus. EBF was defined as ≥25% and EAF was defined as >102 cm. There was a strong inverse gradient across quintiles of muscular strength for prevalence and incidence of EBF and EAF (P trend <0.01, each). With the lowest quintile serving as the referent, reductions in risk of EBF and EAF exceeded 70% for the highest strength quintile. Evidence suggests muscular strength may provide protection from EBF and EAF and their related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen W Jackson
- Department of KHPR, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA.
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Abstract
This paper provides observations of physical fitness testing in Texas schools and physical education teachers' insights about large-scale testing using the FITNESSGRAM assessment (Cooper Institute, 2007) as mandated by Texas Senate Bill 530. In the first study, undergraduate and graduate students who were trained to observe and assess student fitness testing in grades 3 through 12 provided observations. In the second study, physical education teachers responded to selected interview questions during a focus group discussion. From the observations and responses, specific themes emerged related to teachers' knowledge and training about conducting fitness testing and managing data, students' knowledge and motivation, support and resources for conducting fitness assessments, and complexity of the fitness situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott B Martin
- Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA.
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Morrow JR, Martin SB, Jackson AW. Reliability and validity of the FITNESSGRAM: quality of teacher-collected health-related fitness surveillance data. Res Q Exerc Sport 2010; 81:S24-S30. [PMID: 21049835 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2010.10599691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality (reliability and validity) of large-scale fitness testing in Texas and determine if reliabilities and validities were related to potential confounding variables. Four test administration scenarios were conducted to investigate the quality of data collected statewide as part of the Texas Youth Evaluation Project. Teachers and/or expert test administrators tested individual students (N=1010) on two occasions. Criterion-referenced reliabilities were very good to generally acceptable for all FITNESSGRAM test items, with musculosheletal items having the lowest reliabilities. The validity of teacher-administered tests was good. Reliability and validity of teacher-obtained health-related fitness measures were generally unrelated to potentially confounding student or school characteristics. Administrators, teachers, parents, and students can feel comfortable with the reliability and validity of the statewide health-related fitness testing in Texas.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Morrow
- Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5010, USA.
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Welk GJ, Jackson AW, Morrow JR, Haskell WH, Meredith MD, Cooper KH. The association of health-related fitness with indicators of academic performance in Texas schools. Res Q Exerc Sport 2010; 81:S16-S23. [PMID: 21049834 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2010.10599690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the associations between indicators of health-related physical fitness (cardiovascular fitness and body mass index) and academic performance (Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills). Partial correlations were generally stronger for cardiovascular fitness than body mass index and consistently stronger in the middle school grades. Mixed-model regression analyses revealed modest associations between fitness and academic achievement after controlling for potentially confounding variables. The effects of fitness on academic achievement were positive but small. A separate logistic regression analysis indicated that higher fitness rates increased the odds of schools achieving exemplary/recognized school status within the state. School fitness attainment is an indicator of higher performing schools. Direction of causality cannot be inferred due to the cross-sectional nature of the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Welk
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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Abstract
This paper summarizes the historical and legislative backgrounds leading to statewide testing of health-related physical fitness in Texas children grades 3-12 as mandated by Texas Senate Bill 530. The rationale and goals for an associated research project (the Texas Youth Fitness Study, funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation) to evaluate data collected from the statewide initiative are provided. The study investigated the relations between health-related physical fitness and educational variables, including academic achievement, absenteeism, and negative school incidents. It also provides unique insights into the quality (both reliability and validity) of collected data and implications of large-scale school-based physical fitness testing. Teacher commentary and experiences add to the description of the data collection processes. Last, the relations between psychosocial variables and health-related fitness in middle school students are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Morrow
- Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, 76205-5017, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-report measures have been validated and are widely used. Interest currently lies in the development of simple, valid methods that can be used in any location to determine level of PA in large populations/samples. The purpose of this report is to illustrate tracking of physical activity behaviors and musculoskeletal injury reports on a weekly basis via the Internet. METHODS The Women's Injury Study (WIN) methodology includes use of BRFSS-related physical activity items that are completed online by more than 900 women weekly for an average of 3 years. RESULTS With more than 45,000 weekly physical activity and injury logs, the percentage of total logs submitted via online records is 91%. Self-reported pedometer steps are consistent with similar, smaller research samples. CONCLUSIONS This report suggests that Internet tracking is a viable means of assessing nearly real-time physical activity, describes the process of developing and monitoring self-reported physical activity behaviors via the Internet, and provides recommendations for others considering such methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyson Bain
- The Cooper Institute, 12330 Preston Road, Dallas TX 75230
| | - Georita M. Frierson
- Southern Methodist University and The Cooper Institute, Department of Psychology, Dedman College, P.O. Box 750442, Dallas, TX 75275-0442
| | - Elaine Trudelle-Jackson
- Texas Woman’s University, School of Physical Therapy, 8194 Walnut Hill Lane, Dallas, TX 75231
| | - James R. Morrow
- Department of KHPR and The Cooper Institute, University of North Texas, PO Box 310769, Denton TX 76203-0769
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Martin SB, Jackson AW, Morrow JR. Reliability and Validity of the FITNESSGRAM®: Quality of Teacher Collected Health Surveillance Data. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000386066.58938.0f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Bain TM, Morrow JR. Predictors Of Self-reported Physical Activity Sufficient For Health Benefits: The Win Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000384339.94113.d7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Self MC, Morrow JR, Erasmus C, Jackson AW. FITNESSGRAM® Body Composition Assessment in South African Children. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000386075.79130.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Morrow JR, Bain T, Frierson GM, Trudelle-Jackson E. Long-term Reliability Of Self-reported Physical Activity: The Win Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000386500.68609.7f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Willis BL, Morrow JR, Jackson AW. 40 Years of Secular Changes in Cardiorespiratory Fitness of Men: The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000384924.59915.b1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jackson AW, Trudelle-Jackson E, Morrow JR. Strength And Obesity In Women Meeting HHS Muscle-strengthening Activity Recommendations: The Win Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000384925.98033.cd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Morrow JR, Ede A. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport lecture. Statewide physical fitness testing: a big waist or a big waste? Res Q Exerc Sport 2009; 80:696-701. [PMID: 20025110 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2009.10599610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Statewide physical fitness testing is gaining popularity in the United States because of increased childhood obesity levels, the relations between physical fitness and academic performance, and the hypothesized relations between adult characteristics and childhood physical activity, physical fitness, and health behaviors. Large-scale physical fitness testing can be fraught with problems unless properly planned and conducted. Legislators, administrators, teachers, and parents should consider the following 10 essential issues when conducting large-scale physical fitness testing purpose of testing, proper planning, training, quality of the data, reporting support, costs, interpretation, programmatic matters, and policies and politics.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Morrow
- Department of Kinesiology Health Promotion and Recreation at the University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA.
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Lee DC, Jackson AW, Morrow JR, Sui X, Blair SN. An Inverse Gradient Between Muscular Strength And The Incidence Of Obesity: A Prospective Analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000354898.96107.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Trudelle-Jackson E, Morrow JR, Fleisher LA, Borman NP, Frierson GM. Lumbar Spine Flexion And Extension Extremes Of Motion In Women Of Different Age And Racial Groups. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000355768.40218.ba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Morrow JR. Musculoskeletal Injuries in Women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000353028.83930.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Frierson GM, Mathew M, Gearhart T, Morrow JR. Validity Of The Walk4life Pedometer Based On Self-reported Mvpa. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000355196.04229.d3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Bain TM, Morrow JR, Barlow CE, Trudelle-Jackson E, Frierson GM. Relationship Between Physical Activity And Body Habitus Among Free-living Women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000355765.94476.f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mathew M, Morrow JR, Barlow CE, Frierson GM. Addressing The Digital Divide In Web-based, Physical Activity Surveillance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000355903.12814.1b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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