1
|
Cope LM, Gheidi A, Martz ME, Duval ER, Khalil H, Allerton T, Morrow JD. A mechanical task for measuring sign- and goal-tracking in humans: A proof-of-concept study. Behav Brain Res 2023; 436:114112. [PMID: 36115435 PMCID: PMC10153473 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cue-based associative learning (i.e., Pavlovian conditioning) is a foundational component of behavior in almost all forms of animal life and may provide insight into individual differences in addiction liability. Cues can take on incentive-motivational properties (i.e., incentive salience) through Pavlovian learning. Extensive testing with non-human animals (primarily rats) has demonstrated significant variation among individuals in the behaviors this type of learning evokes. So-named "sign-trackers" and "goal-trackers" have been examined in many studies of non-human animals, but this work in humans is still a nascent area of research. In the present proof-of-concept study, we used a Pavlovian conditioned approach task to investigate human sign- and goal-tracking in emerging adults. Conditioned behaviors that developed over the course of the task were directed toward the reward-cue and toward the reward location. Participants' eye-gaze and behavior during the task were submitted to a latent profile analysis, which revealed three groups defined as sign-trackers (n = 10), goal-trackers (n = 4), and intermediate responders (n = 36). Impulsivity was a significant predictor of the sign-tracking group relative to the goal-tracking group. The present study provides preliminary evidence that a simple procedure can produce learned Pavlovian conditioned approach behavior in humans. Though further investigation is required, findings provide a promising step toward the long-term goal of translating important insights gleaned from basic research into treatment strategies that can be applied to clinical populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L M Cope
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - A Gheidi
- Biomedical Science Research Building, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - M E Martz
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - E R Duval
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - H Khalil
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, 205 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - T Allerton
- Biomedical Science Research Building, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - J D Morrow
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biomedical Science Research Building, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Musiek ES, Brooks JD, Joo M, Brunoldi E, Porta A, Zanoni G, Vidari G, Blackwell TS, Montine TJ, Milne GL, McLaughlin B, Morrow JD. Correction: Electrophilic cyclopentenone neuroprostanes are anti-inflammatory mediators formed from the peroxidation of the ω -3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:6657. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.aac119.008639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
3
|
Chung CP, Schmidt D, Stein CM, Morrow JD, Salomon RM. Increased oxidative stress in patients with depression and its relationship to treatment. Psychiatry Res 2013; 206:213-6. [PMID: 23245537 PMCID: PMC3615036 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of depression. We tested the hypothesis that urinary F2 isoprostanes, a robust marker of oxidative stress, was increased in patients with depression and associated with symptoms and response to treatment. Urinary F2 isoprostanes was compared in 18 patients with depression and 36 age and sex matched control subjects. In patients, we tested the association between oxidative stress, depression questionnaires and antidepressant treatment. Urinary F2 isoprostane excretion was significantly higher in patients with depression than in control subjects. This association remained significant after adjustment for age, sex and BMI. Depression symptom severity scores were not correlated with F2 isoprostane excretion. Nine patients were treated with sertraline or bupropion for 8 weeks. Depression severity rating scale scores decreased significantly and F2 isoprostane excretion increased. The increase in F2 isoprostane excretion was inversely correlated with the improvement in Hamilton Depression Rating 17 items. In conclusion, oxidative stress is increased in patients with depression. However, although treatment with either bupropion or sertraline reduces the symptoms of depression, it may increase F2 isoprostane excretion. These results suggest that alternative mechanisms, beyond oxidative stress, may be involved in the development of depression and subsequent responses to treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia P. Chung
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dennis Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - C. Michael Stein
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jason D. Morrow
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ronald M. Salomon
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Musiek ES, Morrow JD. Quantification of F2-isoprostanes by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry as a measure of oxidant stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; Chapter 17:Unit 17.6. [PMID: 23045115 DOI: 10.1002/0471140856.tx1706s24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in a wide variety of disease processes. One method to quantify oxidative injury is to measure lipid peroxidation. Most methods to do this are fraught with problems particularly when utilized to assess oxidative stress in vivo. On the other hand, quantification of a group of prostaglandin F(2)-like compounds, termed the F(2)-isoprostanes (F(2)-IsoPs) provides an accurate assessment of oxidative stress both in vitro and in vivo and has come to be regarded as the gold standard to quantify lipid peroxidation. This unit describes methods to assess lipid peroxidation associated with oxidant injury in vivo by quantifying concentrations of either esterified or free F(2)-IsoPs in biological fluids and tissues. The techniques employed for the analysis of these compounds from biological sources that are detailed herein utilize mass spectrometric approaches. Measurement of F(2)-IsoPs represents an important advance in the ability to assess the role of oxidative stress in human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik S Musiek
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
The isoprostanes are a unique series of prostaglandin-like compounds formed in vivo via a non-enzymatic mechanism involving the free radical-initiated peroxidation of arachidonic acid. This unit summarizes selected aspects regarding current knowledge of these compounds and their value as markers of oxidative injury. Novel aspects related to the biochemistry of isoprostane formation are discussed and methods by which these compounds can be analyzed and quantified are summarized. A considerable portion of this unit examines the utility of F(2)-isoprostanes as markers of oxidant injury in vitro and in vivo. Numerous studies carried out over the past decade have shown that these compounds are extremely accurate measures of lipid peroxidation in animals and humans and have illuminated the role of oxidant injury in a number of human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik S Musiek
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Free radicals have been implicated in the etiology of type 2 diabetes. Cross-sectional studies have demonstrated associations between oxidative damage and type 2 diabetes. However, no prospective data on this association are available. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES A case control study was conducted within the prospective cohort of the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study: 26 cases who developed type 2 diabetes in the follow-up period and 26 controls who remained free of type 2 diabetes were randomly selected. Oxidative status was assessed by measuring 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-15-F2t-isoprostane (F2-IsoPM) in baseline urine samples using gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Type 2 diabetes was defined by serial oral glucose tolerance tests and World Health Organization criteria. RESULTS Urinary F2-IsoPM varied between 0.18 and 2.60 ng/mg creatinine; 25th/50th/75th percentiles were 0.42, 0.60, and 0.89, respectively. A trend toward higher levels were observed in women and in persons with impaired glucose tolerance at baseline (p = 0.1). F2-IsoPM increased with BMI (r = 0.36, p = 0.01). After adjustment for age, gender, baseline impaired glucose tolerance status, and BMI, F2-IsoPM levels were inversely associated with development of type 2 diabetes: odds ratio = 0.32 (95% confidence interval, 0.12 to 0.81) for the difference between the 75th and 25th percentiles. DISCUSSION These results suggest that oxidative damage is not a cause of type 2 diabetes. Positive cross-sectional associations of F2-IsoPM with the risk factors for diabetes, BMI, and impaired glucose tolerance and inverse associations with development of type 2 diabetes indicate that F2-IsoPM might reflect a compensatory mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dora Il'yasova
- Department of Community and Family Medicine/Cancer Control and Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
McAnulty SR, McAnulty LS, Nieman DC, Morrow JD, Utter AC, Henson DA, Dumke CL, Vinci DM. Influence of Carbohydrate Ingestion on Oxidative Stress and Plasma Antioxidant Potential Following a 3 h Run. Free Radic Res 2012; 37:835-40. [PMID: 14567443 DOI: 10.1080/1071576031000136559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase during exercise secondary to increased oxygen uptake, xanthine oxidase activity, and immune system activation. Carbohydrate compared to placebo beverage ingestion is associated with an attenuated cortisol and catecholamine response. Catecholamines can undergo autooxidation to form ROS. We hypothesized that during intense exercise, ingestion of carbohydrate compared to placebo would diminish oxidative stress. Sixteen experienced marathoners ran on treadmills for 3 h at approximately 70% VO2(max) on two occasions while receiving carbohydrate or placebo beverages (11/h, double-blinded) in a randomized, counterbalanced order. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after exercise, snap frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at -80 degrees C until analysis. Plasma samples were analyzed for F2-isoprostanes (FIP) and lipid hydroperoxides (ROOH) as measures for lipid peroxidation, ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of plasma antioxidant potential and for cortisol. The pattern of change in cortisol was significantly different between carbohydrate and placebo conditions (P = 0.024), with post-exercise levels higher in the placebo condition. Under both carbohydrate and placebo conditions, significant increases in FIP, ROOH, and FRAP were measured, but the pattern of increase was not different (FIP, interaction effect, P = 0.472; ROOH, P = 0.572; FRAP, P = 0.668). Despite an attenuation in the cortisol response, carbohydrate compared to placebo ingestion does not counter the increase in oxidative stress or modulate plasma antioxidant potential in athletes running 3 h at 70% VO2(max).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven R McAnulty
- Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Boger MS, Bian A, Shintani A, Milne GL, Morrow JD, Erdem H, Mitchell V, Haas DW, Hulgan T. Sex differences in urinary biomarkers of vascular and endothelial function in HIV-infected persons receiving antiretroviral therapy. Antivir Ther 2011; 17:485-93. [PMID: 22293574 DOI: 10.3851/imp1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk can be underestimated in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Novel CVD risk markers in this population are needed. We hypothesized that eicosanoid metabolite production is increased with metabolic complications of ART. Our objective was to determine relationships between urine eicosanoids and traditional CVD risk factors in a cohort of HIV-infected persons receiving ART. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of 107 individuals from a prospective cohort study with urine eicosanoids (isoprostane [15-F(2t)-IsoP], prostaglandin-E metabolite [PGE-M], thromboxane metabolite [11dTxB(2)], prostacyclin metabolite [PGI-M]) determined by gas or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS 15-F(2t)-IsoP was higher (P=0.003), 11dTxB(2) tended to be higher (P=0.07) and PGE-M was lower (P=0.003) in females than in males. The overall median Framingham score was 4 (IQR 1-7). In multivariable analyses adjusting for age, CD4(+) T-cells, smoking status, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, aspirin use and body mass index (BMI), associations included: higher 15-F(2t)-IsoP with female sex (P=0.004) and current smoking (P=0.04), lower PGE-M with female sex (P=0.005) and higher BMI (P=0.03), higher 11dTxB(2) with increasing age (P=0.02) and current smoking (P=0.04), lower 11dTxB(2) with higher BMI (P=0.02), and higher PGI-M with current smoking (P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS In this pilot study of predominantly virologically suppressed HIV-infected individuals on ART, there were sex-specific differences in urinary eicosanoids, with females having more risk-associated parameters despite a low Framingham score. Eicosanoids might be useful CVD biomarkers in ART-treated, HIV-infected patients. Future studies should examine eicosanoids while assessing effects of specific ART regimens and targeted interventions on CVD outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Boger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Brooks JD, Musiek ES, Koestner TR, Stankowski JN, Howard JR, Brunoldi EM, Porta A, Zanoni G, Vidari G, Morrow JD, Milne GL, McLaughlin B. The fatty acid oxidation product 15-A3t-isoprostane is a potent inhibitor of NFκB transcription and macrophage transformation. J Neurochem 2011; 119:604-16. [PMID: 21838782 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07422.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) have been shown to be beneficial for neurological function and human health. It is widely thought that oxidation products of EPA are responsible for biological activity, although the specific EPA peroxidation product(s) which exert these responses have not yet been identified. In this work we provide the first evidence that the synthesized representative cyclopentenone IsoP, 15-A(3t)-IsoP, serves as a potent inhibitor of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage activation. The anti-inflammatory activities of 15-A(3t)-IsoP were observed in response not only to lipopolysaccharide, but also to tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-1b stimulation. Subsequently, this response blocked the ability of these compounds to stimulate nuclear factor kappa b (NFκB) activation and production of proinflammatory cytokines. The bioactivity of 15-A(3t)-IsoP was shown to be dependent upon an unsaturated carbonyl residue which transiently adducts to free thiols. Site directed mutagenesis of the redox sensitive C179 site of the Ikappa kinase beta subunit, blocked the biological activity of 15-A(3t)-IsoP and NFκB activation. The vasoprotective potential of 15-A(3t)-IsoP was underscored by the ability of this compound to block oxidized lipid accumulation, a critical step in foam cell transformation and atherosclerotic plaque formation. Taken together, these are the first data identifying the biological activity of a specific product of EPA peroxidation, which is formed in abundance in vivo. The clear mechanism linking 15-A(3t)-IsoP to redox control of NFκB transcription, and the compound's ability to block foam cell transformation suggest that 15-A(3t)-IsoP provides a unique and potent tool to provide vaso- and cytoprotection under conditions of oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Brooks
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-8548, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhou W, Dowell DR, Geraci MW, Blackwell TS, Collins RD, Polosukhin VV, Lawson WE, Wu P, Sussan T, Biswal S, Goleniewska K, O'Neal J, Newcomb DC, Toki S, Morrow JD, Peebles RS. PGI synthase overexpression protects against bleomycin-induced mortality and is associated with increased Nqo 1 expression. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 301:L615-22. [PMID: 21764988 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00224.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The mortality rate for acute lung injury (ALI) is reported to be between 35-40%, and there are very few treatment strategies that improve the death rate from this condition. Previous studies have suggested that signaling through the prostaglandin (PG) I(2) receptor may protect against bleomycin-induced ALI in mice. We found that mice that overexpress PGI synthase (PGIS) in the airway epithelium were significantly protected against bleomycin-induced mortality and had reduced parenchymal consolidation, apoptosis of lung tissue, and generation of F(2)-isoprostanes compared with littermate wild-type controls. In addition, we show for the first time in both in vivo and in vitro experiments that PGI(2) induced the expression of NADP (H): quinoneoxidoreductase 1 (Nqo 1), an enzyme that prevents the generation of reactive oxygen species. PGI(2) induction of Nqo 1 provides a possible novel mechanism by which this prostanoid protects against bleomycin-induced mortality and identifies a potential therapeutic target for human ALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weisong Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-2650, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bravo CF, Curtis LR, Myers MS, Meador JP, Johnson LL, Buzitis J, Collier TK, Morrow JD, Laetz CA, Loge FJ, Arkoosh MR. Biomarker responses and disease susceptibility in juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fed a high molecular weight PAH mixture. Environ Toxicol Chem 2011; 30:704-714. [PMID: 21298713 DOI: 10.1002/etc.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2009] [Revised: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile rainbow trout were fed a diet containing an environmentally relevant mixture of 10 high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at a dose of 0.66 or 7.82 µg PAH · g fish(-1) · d(-1). At 3, 7, 14, and 28 d, biomarkers of aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation (AHR), hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, and cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A)-associated staining increased 14- to 26-fold and 6- to 14-fold, respectively, in fish fed 7.82 µg PAH · g fish (-1) · d(-1). Cytochrome P4501A-associated staining increased 2- to 9-fold on days 3, 7, and 28 in fish fed 0.66 µg PAH · g fish(-1) · d(-1). Bile fluorescent aromatic compounds served as a biomarker of exposure and confirmed that PAH exposure was consistent over 50 d. DNA damage in blood cells, protein oxidation, and lipid peroxidation in the kidney were biomarkers of oxidative stress and all increased in fish fed 7.82 µg PAH · g fish(-1) · d(-1). Fish fed 0.66 µg PAH · g fish(-1) · d(-1) had elevated DNA damage in blood cells but increased protein oxidation or lipid peroxidation in the kidney were not observed. Challenge with Aeromonas salmonicida, at lethal concentration (LC) 20, decreased survival in fish previously fed either 0.66 µg PAH · g fish(-1) · d(-1) or 7.82 µg PAH · g fish(-1) · d(-1) relative to fish fed the control diet. In general, biomarkers of both AHR activation and oxidative stress peaked at 3 to 14 d then declined at 28 to 50 d of PAH exposure and an increase in susceptibility to disease was observed at 50 d. These results link PAH exposure to biomarker responses that may be useful as early indicators of population level responses, such as mortality resulting from an increase in disease susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C F Bravo
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kleman AM, Brown JE, Zeiger SLH, Hettinger JC, Brooks JD, Holt B, Morrow JD, Musiek ES, Milne GL, McLaughlin B. p66(shc)'s role as an essential mitophagic molecule in controlling neuronal redox and energetic tone. Autophagy 2010. [PMID: 20724835 DOI: 10.4161/auto.6.7.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability in the U.S. and is now recognized as a global epidemic. There are currently no FDA-approved drugs to block the cell death that results from oxygen and glucose deprivation. This void in clinical medicine has sparked an intense interest in understanding endogenous cellular protective pathways that might be exploited for therapeutic development. The work highlighted here describes the critical role between redox tone and energetic stress signaling in mediating mitophagy and determining neuronal cell fate following acute oxygen glucose deprivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Kleman
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Glesby MJ, Hoover DR, Raiszadeh F, Lee I, Shi Q, Milne G, Sanchez SC, Gao W, Kaplan RC, Morrow JD, Anastos K. Oxidant stress in HIV-infected women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Antivir Ther 2009; 14:763-9. [PMID: 19812438 DOI: 10.3851/imp1290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidant stress contributes to the pathogenesis of multiple conditions and can be assessed by measuring plasma F(2)-isoprostane concentrations. We hypothesized that oxidant stress is associated with plasma homocysteine concentration and risk factors for atherosclerosis in HIV-infected women. METHODS We measured plasma F(2)-isoprostane concentrations in a cross-sectional study of 249 HIV-infected women attending the Bronx (NY, USA) site of the Women's Interagency HIV Study and assessed associations with plasma homocysteine concentration and other metabolic parameters by linear regression. RESULTS In multivariate analysis, hepatitis C virus (HCV) viraemia, waist circumference, homocysteine concentration and serum aspartate aminotransferase level were positively associated with log F(2)-isoprostane concentration (all P<0.005). There was a trend for an inverse association between log F(2)-isoprostane and CD4(+) T-cell percentage (P=0.06). Among women with HCV infection, the FIB-4 index, an indirect marker of liver fibrosis derived from routine laboratory tests, was positively associated with log F(2)-isoprostane concentration. CONCLUSIONS In this cross-sectional study of HIV-infected women, plasma F(2)-isoprostane concentration was positively associated with homocysteine concentration, as well as HCV infection, abdominal obesity and aspartate aminotransferase level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marshall J Glesby
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Al-Solaiman Y, Jesri A, Zhao Y, Morrow JD, Egan BM. Low-Sodium DASH reduces oxidative stress and improves vascular function in salt-sensitive humans. J Hum Hypertens 2009; 23:826-35. [PMID: 19404315 PMCID: PMC2783838 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2009.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Salt induces oxidative stress in salt-sensitive (SS) animals and man. It is not known whether in SS subjects the low-sodium dietary approaches to stop hypertension (LS-DASH) reduces oxidative stress more than DASH, which is high in antioxidants. To assess the effects of DASH and LS-DASH on oxidative stress, 19 volunteers were studied after 3 weeks of a standardized usual low fruits and vegetables diet (ULFV), followed by 3 weeks on DASH (both diets approximately 120 mmol Na(+) per day), then 3 weeks on LS-DASH (60 mmol Na(+) per day). SS was defined as systolic blood pressure >or=5 mm Hg lower on LS-DASH than DASH. In SS subjects (N=9), systolic blood pressure was lower on LS-DASH (111.0+/-2.0 mm Hg) than DASH (118.0+/-2.2, P<0.01) and ULFV (122.3+/-2.7, P=0.002). In salt-resistant (SR) volunteers (N=10), systolic blood pressure was lower on DASH (113.0+/-1.6) than ULFV (119.0+/-1.8, P<0.05) but not LS-DASH (115.7+/-1.8). Urine F2-isoprostanes, a marker of oxidative stress, were lower in SS subjects on LS-DASH (1.69+/-0.24) than ULFV (3.09+/-0.50, P<0.05) and marginally lower than DASH (2.46+/-0.44, P<0.20). F2-isoprostanes were not different among the three diets in SR volunteers (2.18+/-0.29, 2.06+/-0.29, 2.27+/-0.53, respectively). Aortic augmentation index, a measure of vascular stiffness, was lower in SS subjects on LS-DASH than either DASH or ULFV, and lower on DASH than ULFV in SR volunteers. In SS but not SR subjects, LS-DASH is associated with lower values for F2-isoprostanes and the aortic augmentation index. The results suggest that LS-DASH decreases oxidative stress, improves vascular function and lowers blood pressure in SS but not SR volunteers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Al-Solaiman
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Watters JL, Satia JA, da Costa KA, Boysen G, Collins LB, Morrow JD, Milne GL, Swenberg JA. Comparison of three oxidative stress biomarkers in a sample of healthy adults. Biomarkers 2009; 14:587-95. [PMID: 20001708 PMCID: PMC3290341 DOI: 10.3109/13547500903183954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a potentially important aetiological factor for many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease and cancer, yet studies often find inconsistent results. The associations between three of the most widely used biomarkers of oxidative stress, i.e. F(2)-isoprostanes for lipid peroxidation and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) and the comet assay with FPG for oxidative DNA damage, were compared in a sample of 135 healthy African-American and white adults. Modest associations were observed between F(2)-isoprostanes and the comet assay (r = 0.22, p = 0.01), but there were no significant correlations between 8-oxo-dG and the comet assay (r = -0.09) or F(2)-IsoP (r = -0.04). These results are informative for researchers seeking to compare results pertaining to oxidative stress across studies and/or assessment methods in healthy disease-free populations. The development and use of oxidative stress biomarkers is a promising field; however, additional validation studies are necessary to establish accuracy and comparability across oxidative stress biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L Watters
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Saraswathi V, Morrow JD, Hasty AH. Dietary fish oil exerts hypolipidemic effects in lean and insulin sensitizing effects in obese LDLR-/- mice. J Nutr 2009; 139:2380-6. [PMID: 19864403 PMCID: PMC2777481 DOI: 10.3945/jn.109.111567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is often associated with dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and hypertension. Together, these metabolic perturbations greatly increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Although fish oil is a well-established hypolipidemic agent, the mechanisms by which it mediates its lipid-lowering effects are not clear. In addition, it has not been established whether dietary fish oil has different effects in lean and obese mice. LDL receptor deficient (LDLR-/-) and leptin deficient mice on a LDLR-/- background (ob/ob;LDLR-/-) were fed a high fat diet (39% total fat) supplemented with 6% olive oil or fish oil for 6 wk. Fish oil supplementation resulted in lower concentrations of plasma total cholesterol (P < 0.01), triglycerides (P < 0.01), and free fatty acids (P < 0.001) in lean LDLR-/- mice, but not in ob/ob;LDLR-/- mice. In contrast, a fish oil diet did not modulate insulin sensitivity in lean LDLR-/- mice, but it improved insulin sensitivity in ob/ob;LDLR-/- mice (P < 0.05) compared with olive oil fed ob/ob;LDLR-/- mice. Interestingly, plasma adiponectin concentrations were significantly higher and hepatic steatosis was reduced in both mouse models upon fish oil feeding. Finally, fish oil fed LDLR-/- mice exhibited higher hepatic AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation (P < 0.05), whereas AMPK phosphorylation was not elevated by fish oil feeding in ob/ob;LDLR-/- mice. Taken together, our data suggest that fish oil reduces hepatic steatosis in both lean and obese mice, has potent plasma lipid lowering effects in lean mice, and exerts insulin sensitizing effects in obese mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viswanathan Saraswathi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Jason D. Morrow
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Alyssa H. Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232,To whom correspondence should be addressed.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zeiger SLH, Musiek ES, Zanoni G, Vidari G, Morrow JD, Milne GJ, McLaughlin B. Neurotoxic lipid peroxidation species formed by ischemic stroke increase injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 47:1422-31. [PMID: 19699297 PMCID: PMC2767385 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the United States, yet no neuroprotective agents for treatment are clinically available. There is a pressing need to understand the signaling molecules that mediate ischemic cell death and identify novel neuroprotective targets. Cyclopentenone isoprostanes (IsoPs), formed after free radical-mediated peroxidation of arachidonic acid, are used as markers of stress, but their bioactivity is poorly understood. We have recently shown that 15-A(2t)-IsoP is a potent neurotoxin in vitro and increases the free radical burden in neurons. In this work, we demonstrate that 15-A(2t)-IsoP is abundantly produced in stroke-infarcted human cortical tissue. Using primary neuronal cultures we found that minimally toxic exposure to 15-A(2t)-IsoP does not alter ATP content, but in combination with oxygen glucose deprivation resulted in a significant hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane and dramatically increased neuronal cell death. In the presence of Ca(2+), 15-A(2t)-IsoP led to a rapid induction of the permeability transition pore and release of cytochrome c. Taken with our previous work, these data support a model in which ischemia causes generation of reactive oxygen species, calcium influx, lipid peroxidation, and 15-A(2t)-IsoP formation. These factors combine to enhance opening of the permeability transition pore leading to cell death subsequent to mitochondrial cytochrome c release. These data are the first documentation of significant 15-A(2t)-IsoP formation after acute ischemic stroke and suggest that the addition of 15-A(2t)-IsoP to in vitro models of ischemia may help to more fully recapitulate stroke injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. H. Zeiger
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Erik S. Musiek
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Giuseppe Zanoni
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vidari
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Jason D. Morrow
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Ginger J. Milne
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - BethAnn McLaughlin
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Norman KG, Canter JA, Shi M, Milne GL, Morrow JD, Sligh JE. Cyclosporine A suppresses keratinocyte cell death through MPTP inhibition in a model for skin cancer in organ transplant recipients. Mitochondrion 2009; 10:94-101. [PMID: 19836469 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2009.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Revised: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Transplant recipients have an elevated risk of skin cancer, with a 65- to 250-fold increase in squamous cell carcinoma. Usage of the immunosuppressant cyclosporine A (CsA) is associated with the development of skin cancer. We hypothesized that the increased incidence of skin cancer was due to the action of CsA within keratinocyte mitochondria where it can inhibit mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening. Normally, MPTP opening is induced by oxidative stress such as that caused by UV light and leads to cell death, thereby eliminating a cell that has been exposed to genotoxic insult. However, in the presence of CsA, damaged cells may survive and consequently form tumors. To test this hypothesis, we treated keratinocytes with levels of CsA used therapeutically in transplant patients and assessed their viability following UVA-irradiation. CsA prevented cell death by inhibiting MPTP opening, even though the levels of oxidative stress were increased markedly. Nim811, a non-immunosuppressive drug that can block the MPTP had a similar effect while the immunosuppressive drug tacrolimus that does not interact with the mitochondria had no effect. These findings suggest that CsA may promote skin cancer in transplant patients by allowing keratinocyte survival under conditions of increased genotoxic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly G Norman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kekatpure VD, Boyle JO, Zhou XK, Duffield-Lillico AJ, Gross ND, Lee NY, Subbaramaiah K, Morrow JD, Milne G, Lippman SM, Dannenberg AJ. Elevated levels of urinary prostaglandin e metabolite indicate a poor prognosis in ever smoker head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2009; 2:957-65. [PMID: 19843689 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-09-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) plays a role in the development and progression of several tumor types including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Measurements of urinary PGE metabolite (PGE-M) can be used as an index of systemic PGE(2) production. In ever smokers, increased levels of urinary PGE-M reflect increased COX-2 activity. In this study, we determined whether baseline levels of urinary PGE-M were prognostic for ever smoker HNSCC patients. A retrospective chart review of ever smoker HNSCC patients treated with curative intent was done. Fifteen of 31 evaluable patients developed progressive disease (recurrence or a second primary tumor) after a median follow-up of 38 months. There were no statistically significant differences between patients with (n = 15) or without disease progression (n = 16) with regard to stage, site, treatment received, smoking status, and aspirin use during follow-up. Median urinary PGE-M levels were significantly higher in HNSCC patients with disease progression (21.7 ng/mg creatinine) compared with patients without (13.35 ng/mg creatinine; P = 0.03). Importantly, patients with high baseline levels of urinary PGE-M had a significantly greater risk of disease progression (hazard ratio, 4.76, 95% CI, 1.31-17.30; P < 0.01) and death (hazard ratio, 9.54; 95% CI, 1.17-77.7; P = 0.01) than patients with low baseline levels of urinary PGE-M. These differences were most evident among patients with early-stage disease. Taken together, our findings suggest that high baseline levels of urinary PGE-M indicate a poor prognosis in HNSCC patients. Possibly, HNSCC patients with high COX-2 activity manifested by elevated urinary PGE-M will benefit from treatment with a COX-2 inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram D Kekatpure
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Redhage LA, Shintani A, Haas DW, Emeagwali N, Markovic M, Oboho I, Mwenya C, Erdem H, Acosta EP, Morrow JD, Hulgan T. Clinical factors associated with plasma F2-isoprostane levels in HIV-infected adults. HIV Clin Trials 2009; 10:181-92. [PMID: 19632957 DOI: 10.1310/hct1003-181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxidant stress may be an effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) or chronic HIV infection. Plasma F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoP) reflect lipid peroxidation and oxidant stress and have been described in ART-associated toxicities. We explored factors associated with F2-IsoP in HIV-infected adults. METHODS HIV-infected adults enrolled in this cross-sectional study were (a) on ART including zidovudine or stavudine but not non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI), (b) on ART including NNRTI, or (c) not on ART. Plasma F2-IsoP levels were quantified by GC/MS, and clinical and laboratory data were collected at enrollment. RESULTS Among 285 participants, 24% were female, 37% were African American, and 194 (68%) were on ART; 44 (23%) of whom were receiving efavirenz, 45 (23%) nevirapine, and 85 (44%) protease inhibitors. Median F2-IsoP was lower in those on NNRTI than those on ART without NNRTI (p = .02). In a multivariable model, factors independently associated with increased F2-IsoP were female sex (p = .002), higher BMI (p = .01), and heavy smoking (p = .004). There was a trend toward lower F2-IsoP among nevirapine users (p = .054). CONCLUSIONS Among HIV-infected adults, oxidant stress status differs by sex, BMI, smoking status, and perhaps specific ART. Prospective studies should better define relationships between oxidant stress and complications of HIV infection and its therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Anne Redhage
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu W, Morrow JD, Yin H. Quantification of F2-isoprostanes as a reliable index of oxidative stress in vivo using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 47:1101-7. [PMID: 19647073 PMCID: PMC2749920 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Free radical-induced lipid peroxidation has been implicated in a number of human diseases including atherosclerosis, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. F(2)-Isoprostanes (IsoPs) are isomers of prostaglandin PGF(2alpha) that are generated in vivo from the free radical-initiated peroxidation of arachidonic acid independent of cyclooxygenase enzymes. Since the discovery of the IsoPs in the early 1990s, a large body of evidence has been accumulated to indicate that quantification of these F(2)-IsoPs represents the most reliable biomarker to assess oxidative stress in vivo. A variety of analytical approaches have been developed for the quantification of these novel compounds; these methods include mass spectrometry (MS) detection coupled to gas chromatography (GC) or liquid chromatography (LC) separation, and detection using immunological approaches. This article summarizes our current methodology to quantify F(2)-IsoPs in biological fluids and tissues using GC-MS. This method includes solid-phase extraction (SPE), thin-layer chromatography (TLC) purification, chemical derivatization, and MS detection using negative ion chemical ionization (NICI) coupled with GC. The protocol described herein has been optimized and validated to provide the best sensitivity and selectivity for quantification of F(2)-IsoPs from a variety of biological sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Jason D. Morrow
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Huiyong Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
- Reprint requests to: Huiyong Yin, Ph.D., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Chemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 23rd and Pierce Aves., Nashville TN 37232-6602 U.S.A. Phone 615/322-6569, Fax 615/322-3669, (Huiyong Yin)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hsieh YP, Lin CL, Shiue AL, Yin H, Morrow JD, Hsu JC, Hsieh TC, Wei HJ, Yen HC. Correlation of F4-neuroprostanes levels in cerebrospinal fluid with outcome of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in humans. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 47:814-24. [PMID: 19555757 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is one type of hemorrhagic stroke in humans. F(2)-isoprostanes (F(2)-IsoPs) and F(4)-neuroprostanes (F(4)-NPs), derived from arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), respectively, are specific markers of lipid peroxidation. We previously demonstrated that F(2)-IsoPs levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of aSAH patients positively correlated with poor clinical conditions. In this work, we refined F(4)-NPs analysis and investigated the role of potential oxidative damage to neurons in aSAH patients by detecting F(4)-NPs in CSF. [(2)H(4)]-15-F(2t)-IsoP, rather than [(18)O(2)]-17-F(4c)-NP or [(2)H(4)]-PGF(2 alpha), was used as the internal standard for F(4)-NPs analysis. One problem of the use of [(18)O(2)]-17-F(4c)-NP was the potential interference resulting from F(2)-dihomo-IsoPs in CSF. CSF specimens of 15 aSAH patients for up to 10 days and those of 12 non-aSAH controls were analyzed. First day, mean, and peak levels of F(4)-NPs were all significantly higher in aSAH patients than in controls and correlated with the Fisher Scale and 3-month Glasgow Outcome Scale, but only mean levels of F(4)-NPs correlated with Hunt and Hess Grade. The results first demonstrate oxidative damage to DHA in brain tissue following aSAH and suggest that F(4)-NPs in CSF could be a better predictor for outcome of aSAH than F(2)-IsoPs at early time points.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology/Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Watters JL, Satia JA, Costa KAD, Boysen G, Collins LB, Morrow JD, Milne GL, Swenberg JA. Comparison of three oxidative stress biomarkers in a sample of healthy adults. Biomarkers 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/13547500903183954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
24
|
Yin H, Liu W, Goleniewska K, Porter NA, Morrow JD, Peebles RS. Dietary supplementation of omega-3 fatty acid-containing fish oil suppresses F2-isoprostanes but enhances inflammatory cytokine response in a mouse model of ovalbumin-induced allergic lung inflammation. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 47:622-8. [PMID: 19501157 PMCID: PMC2716436 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/31/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical evidence has suggested that increased dietary intake of fish oil containing omega-3 fatty acids including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may be associated with a reduced risk of asthma. However, interventional studies on these effects have been equivocal and controversial. Free radical oxidation products of lipids and cyclooxygenases-derived prostaglandins are believed to play an important role in asthma, and fish oil supplementation may modulate the levels of these critical lipid mediators. We employed a murine model of allergic inflammation produced by sensitization to ovalbumin (OVA) to study the effects of fish oil supplementation on airway inflammation. Our studies demonstrated that omega-3 fatty acids were dose dependently incorporated into mouse lung tissue after dietary supplementation. We examined the oxidative stress status by measuring the levels of isoprostanes (IsoPs), the gold standard for oxidative stress in vivo. OVA challenge caused significant increase of F(2)-IsoPs in mouse lung, suggesting an elevated level of oxidative stress. Compared to the control group, fish oil supplementation led to a significant reduction of F(2)-IsoP (from arachidonic acid) with a concomitant increase of F(3)-IsoPs (from EPA) and F(4)-IsoPs (from DHA). Surprisingly, however, fish oil supplementation enhanced production of proinflammatory cytokine IL-5 and IL-13. Furthermore, fish oil supplementation suppressed the production of pulmonary protective PGE(2) in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) while the level of urinary metabolites of the PGE(2) was increased. Our data suggest that augmented lung inflammation after fish oil supplementation may be due to the reduction of PGE(2) production in the lung and these dichotomous results bring into question the role of fish oil supplementation in the treatment of asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyong Yin
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Brown N, Morrow JD, Slaughter JC, Paria BC, Reese J. Restoration of on-time embryo implantation corrects the timing of parturition in cytosolic phospholipase A2 group IVA deficient mice. Biol Reprod 2009; 81:1131-8. [PMID: 19684335 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.109.079061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2, PLA2G4A) catalyzes the release of arachidonic acid for prostaglandin synthesis by cyclooxygenase 1 (PTGS1) and cyclooxygenase 2 (PTGS2). Mice with Pla2g4a deficiency have parturition delay and other reproductive deficits, including deferred onset of implantation, crowding of implantation sites, and small litters. In this study, we examined the contribution of PLA2G4A to parturition in mice. Pla2g4a mRNA and protein expression were discretely localized in the term and preterm uterine luminal epithelium and colocalized with Ptgs1, but not Ptgs2, expression. The levels of PGE2, PGF2alpha, 6-keto-PGF1alpha, and TxB2 were significantly decreased in Pla2g4a-null uterine tissues, similar to Ptgs1-null uteri, consistent with predominance of PLA2G4A-PTGS1-mediated prostaglandin synthesis in preparation for murine parturition. Litter size was strongly associated with the timing of parturition in Pla2g4a-null mice but could not fully account for the parturition delay. Pla2g4a-null females that received PGE2 + carbaprostacyclin at the time of implantation delivered earlier (20.5 +/- 0.2 days vs. 21.6 +/- 0.2 days, P < 0.01), although litter size was not improved (4.6 vs. 4.4 pups per litter, P = 0.6). After correction for small litter size, multivariate analysis indicated that Pla2g4a-null mice given prostaglandin treatment to improve implantation timing had gestational length that was similar to wild-type and Pla2g4a heterozygous mice. These results indicate that, despite specific Pla2g4a expression and function in term gestation uteri, the delayed parturition phenotype in Pla2g4a-null mice is primarily due to deferral of implantation. The role of PLA2G4A in timely parturition appears to be critically related to its actions in early pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kaikkonen J, Tuomainen TP, Nyyssönen K, Morrow JD, Salonen JT. C18 hydroxy fatty acids as markers of lipid peroxidationex vivoandin vivo. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2009; 64:457-68. [PMID: 15276910 DOI: 10.1080/00365510410006667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Different C18 monohydroxy fatty acids (OHFAs) were evaluated for their usefulness as markers of plasma lipid peroxidation (unsaturated fatty acid oxidation) ex vivo and in vivo. First, plasma samples (n = 5) were exposed for 3 h to different radical fluxes ex vivo. The formation of OHFAs was assessed by using varying concentrations of Cu2+ ions and AAPH (2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride) as radical flux initiators. Secondly, a cross-sectional study was carried out in 47 middle-aged men. In this study, plasma concentrations of different in vivo OHFAs were compared with other indices of lipid peroxidation. Under mild oxidation conditions (heparin plasma containing 4.2 or 8.3 mM AAPH), concentrations of all the measured OHFAs (8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15 and 16-OH acids) increased in an identical manner, but under highly oxidative conditions (heparin plasma containing 83 mM AAPH or 4.2 to 8.3 mM CuSO4) mainly 9 and 13-OHFAs were formed. In the cross-sectional study, plasma 11 and 13-OHFA levels were associated statistically significantly with plasma free F2alpha-isoprostanes, recognized index of in vivo lipid peroxidation (r = 0.305, p = 0.037 and r = 0.308, p = 0.035, respectively). In addition, 16-OHFA levels correlated with the ratio of electronegatively charged LDL to total LDL (r = 0.335, p = 0.021). With respect to the other OHFAs, 15-OHFA had no correlation with either other OHFAs or the reference substances used. In addition, occasionally there were contamination problems in the assessment of 12-OHFA. It is concluded that all of the measured C18 OHFAs can be used as indicators of plasma lipid peroxidation under mild oxidation conditions, though the 12 and 15-OHFAs may need to be used with some caution. Under high oxidation conditions, 9-and 13-OHFAs seem to be the most useful indices because of their high formation capacity.
Collapse
|
27
|
McAnulty SR, McAnulty LS, Morrow JD, Khardouni D, Shooter L, Monk J, Gross S, Brown V. Effect of daily fruit ingestion on angiotensin converting enzyme activity, blood pressure, and oxidative stress in chronic smokers. Free Radic Res 2009; 39:1241-8. [PMID: 16298751 DOI: 10.1080/10715760500306836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined whether, daily fruit (blueberries) consumption (250 g) for three weeks or acute fruit ingestion (250 g) would attenuate angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity and reduce oxidative stress in chronic cigarette smokers. METHODS Twenty subjects were recruited and randomized into fruit or control groups. Blood samples and blood pressure were obtained at baseline and then pre and one hour post when subjects returned to the lab three weeks later. To examine acute effects, the fruit group immediately ingested 250 g of blueberries after returning and at least one hour prior to the post blood draw. Plasma samples were analyzed for ACE activity, F(2)- isoprostanes and lipid hydroperoxides (LH) as measures of oxidative stress, and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of antioxidant potential. A 2 (treatment) x 3 (time) repeated measures ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. If interaction was significant, then Student's t-tests were used to further examine this relationship. For these comparisons, a Bonferroni adjustment was made with statistical significance set at P < 0.025. RESULTS The pattern of change between treatments was not significant for any variable except LH (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study indicates that LH are significantly reduced by daily fruit consumption, but not affected by acute ingestion. This finding could be one way in which fruit consumption contributes to prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven R McAnulty
- Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Noschka E, Moore JN, Peroni JF, Lewis SJ, Morrow JD, Robertson TP. Thromboxane and isoprostanes as inflammatory and vasoactive mediators in black walnut heartwood extract induced equine laminitis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009; 129:200-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
29
|
Yin H, Cox BE, Liu W, Porter NA, Morrow JD, Milne GL. Identification of intact oxidation products of glycerophospholipids in vitro and in vivo using negative ion electrospray iontrap mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom 2009; 44:672-80. [PMID: 19125398 PMCID: PMC2715274 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Free radical-induced oxidation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids esterified to phospholipids have been implicated in a number of human diseases including atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases. Some of these phospholipid oxidation products have potent biological activities and likely contribute to human pathophysiological conditions. Oxidation products have also been used as markers of oxidative stress in vivo. Identification and quantification of phospholipid oxidation products are often performed by analyzing the oxidized free fatty acid moieties after hydrolysis from the phospholipids head groups by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). We now describe the definitive identification of intact oxidized products of glycerophospholipids including glycerophosphatidylcholine (GPC), glycerophosphatidylethanolamine (GPE), and glycerophosphatidylserine (GPS) in vitro and in vivo using iontrap MS. For these analyses, the negative ions of the oxidation products of phospholipids are fragmented to MS(n) and unequivocal structural characterization is obtained based on collision-induced dissociation (CID) of the sn-2 carboxylate ion. This technique overcomes the need to hydrolyze fatty acids from phospholipids in the analysis. The method has been used to identify a number of oxidation products of glycerophospholipids including hydroxyeicosatetraenoates (HETEs) and isoprostanes (IsoPs) esterified to different classes of glycerophospholipids in vitro and in vivo. These studies thus provide a new approach to identify the intact oxidation products of glycerolphospholipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyong Yin
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wyndaele JJ, Goldfischer ER, Morrow JD, Gong J, Tseng LJ, Guan Z, Choo MS. Effects of flexible-dose fesoterodine on overactive bladder symptoms and treatment satisfaction: an open-label study. Int J Clin Pract 2009; 63:560-7. [PMID: 19348029 PMCID: PMC2705818 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2009.02035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of flexible-dose fesoterodine in subjects with overactive bladder (OAB) who were dissatisfied with previous tolterodine treatment. METHODS This was a 12-week, open-label, flexible-dose study of adults with OAB (> or = 8 micturitions and > or = 3 urgency episodes per 24 h) who had been treated with tolterodine (immediate- or extended-release) for OAB within 2 years of screening and reported dissatisfaction with tolterodine treatment. Subjects received fesoterodine 4 mg once daily for 4 weeks; thereafter, daily dosage was maintained at 4 mg or increased to 8 mg based on the subject's and physician's subjective assessment of efficacy and tolerability. Subjects completed 5-day diaries, the Patient Perception of Bladder Condition (PPBC) and the Overactive Bladder Questionnaire (OAB-q) at baseline and week 12 and rated treatment satisfaction at week 12 using the Treatment Satisfaction Question (TSQ). Safety and tolerability were assessed. RESULTS Among 516 subjects treated, approximately 50% opted for dose escalation to 8 mg at week 4. Significant improvements from baseline to week 12 were observed in micturitions, urgency urinary incontinence episodes, micturition-related urgency episodes and severe micturition-related urgency episodes per 24 h (all p < 0.0001). Approximately 80% of subjects who responded to the TSQ at week 12 reported satisfaction with treatment; 38% reported being very satisfied. Using the PPBC, 83% of subjects reported improvement at week 12 with 59% reporting improvement > or = 2 points. Significant improvements from baseline (p < 0.0001) exceeding the minimally important difference (10 points) were observed in OAB-q Symptom Bother and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) scales and all four HRQL domains. Dry mouth (23%) and constipation (5%) were the most common adverse events; no safety issues were identified. CONCLUSION Flexible-dose fesoterodine significantly improved OAB symptoms, HRQL, and rates of treatment satisfaction and was well tolerated in subjects with OAB who were dissatisfied with prior tolterodine therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J Wyndaele
- Department of Urology, Universiteit en Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Duffield-Lillico AJ, Boyle JO, Zhou XK, Ghosh A, Butala GS, Subbaramaiah K, Newman RA, Morrow JD, Milne GL, Dannenberg AJ. Levels of prostaglandin E metabolite and leukotriene E(4) are increased in the urine of smokers: evidence that celecoxib shunts arachidonic acid into the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2009; 2:322-9. [PMID: 19336727 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-09-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) play a role in inflammation and carcinogenesis. Biomarkers that reflect tobacco smoke-induced tissue injury are needed. In this study, levels of urinary prostaglandin E metabolite (PGE-M) and leukotriene E(4) (LTE(4)), biomarkers of the COX and 5-LO pathways, were compared in never smokers, former smokers, and current smokers. The effects of celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, on levels of PGE-M and LTE(4) were determined. Baseline levels of PGE-M and LTE(4) were positively associated with smoking status; levels of PGE-M and LTE(4) were higher in current versus never smokers. Treatment with 200 mg celecoxib twice daily for 6 +/- 1 days led to a reduction in urinary PGE-M levels in all groups but exhibited the greatest effect among subjects with high baseline PGE-M levels. Thus, high baseline PGE-M levels in smokers reflected increased COX-2 activity. In individuals with high baseline PGE-M levels, treatment with celecoxib led to a significant increase in levels of urinary LTE(4), an effect that was not found in individuals with low baseline PGE-M levels. In conclusion, increased levels of urinary PGE-M and LTE(4) were found in human smokers, a result that may reflect subclinical lung inflammation. In individuals with high baseline levels of PGE-M (elevated COX-2 activity), celecoxib administration shunted arachidonic acid into the proinflammatory 5-LO pathway. Because 5-LO activity and LTE(4) have been suggested to play a role in cardiovascular disease, these results may help to explain the link between use of COX-2 inhibitors and cardiovascular complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Duffield-Lillico
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mutter R, Lu B, Carbone DP, Csiki I, Moretti L, Johnson DH, Morrow JD, Sandler AB, Shyr Y, Ye F, Choy H. A phase II study of celecoxib in combination with paclitaxel, carboplatin, and radiotherapy for patients with inoperable stage IIIA/B non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:2158-65. [PMID: 19276291 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-0629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 up-regulation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. Selective COX-2 inhibitors have promoted chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity of tumor cells in preclinical trials. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In a single-institution phase II study, we sought to determine the effectiveness of concurrent chemoradiation given with celecoxib and examined biomarkers to predict response to COX-2 inhibition. RESULTS Seventeen patients with stage IIIA or IIIB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were enrolled in the study. All received 400 mg celecoxib twice daily continuously while on trial in addition to concurrent chemoradiation therapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin. Celecoxib was continued until disease progression. The overall objective response rate was 42.9%, and the median overall survival time was 203 days. In contrast to nonresponders, those patients with complete and partial responses had a significant decrease in the level of urinary 11alpha-hydroxy-9,15-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetranor-prostane-1,20-dioic acid (PGE-M), the major metabolite of prostaglandin E(2), after 1 week of celecoxib administration. Patients with very high levels of PGE-M before initiation of therapy also responded poorly to therapy. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels did not predict response or survival. CONCLUSION The trial was terminated because it did not meet the predetermined goal of 80% overall response rate. In unselected patients, the addition of celecoxib to concurrent chemoradiotherapy with inoperable stage IIIA/B NSCLC does not improve survival. Urinary PGE-M is a promising biomarker for predicting response to COX-2 inhibition in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Mutter
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Du L, Yin H, Morrow JD, Strobel HW, Keeney DS. 20-Hydroxylation is the CYP-dependent and retinoid-inducible leukotriene B4 inactivation pathway in human and mouse skin cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2009; 484:80-6. [PMID: 19467632 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2009.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2008] [Revised: 01/10/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic inactivation of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is an innate mechanism to resolve tissue inflammation. We studied the nine Cyp4f genes in the mouse genome, measuring cutaneous transcript levels by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and LTB4 metabolism in mouse and human skin. Transcripts arising from Cyp4f13 and 4f16 ranked most abundant, Cyp4f14, 4f17, and 4f37 ranked least abundant, and Cyp4f18 and 4f39 ranked intermediate. Those from Cyp4f15 and Cyp4f40 were highly variable or too low to measure in some animals. Retinoic acid exposure induced microsomal LTB4 hydroxylation activities in mouse and human skin cells. Two NADPH-dependent LTB4 metabolites eluted identically with 20-OH and 20-COOH LTB4 reference standards. Collision induced dissociation of the precursor ion m/z 351 confirmed that LTB4 products from CYP4F3A and human epidermal keratinocytes are identical structurally to 20-OH LTB4. We conclude 20-hydroxylation is the major CYP-dependent LTB4 inactivation pathway in skin; this retinoid-inducible metabolic pathway has capacity to modulate tissue levels of pro-inflammatory lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Du
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
PURPOSE Cyclooxygenase-2 has been reported to be ubiquitously expressed in Wilms tumor, the most common malignant renal tumor in children. However, to our knowledge the regulation mechanism of cyclooxygenase-2 expression remains unexplored. MATERIALS AND METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were performed to detect cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA and protein expression in WiT49 cells upon stimulation by S1P (Biomol(R)), and S1P(2) and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression in 10 freshly frozen Wilms tumor tissues and matched normal tissues. Over expression, blockade and down-regulation of S1P(2) were determined using adenoviral transduction, the S1P(2) antagonist JTE-013 (Tocris Bioscience, Ellisville, Missouri) and small interfering RNA (Dharmacon, Lafayette, Colorado) transfection, respectively. The prostaglandin E(2) level in WiT49 cells was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. RESULTS S1P induced cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA and protein expression in WiT49 cells in a concentration dependent manner. Over expression of S1P(2) in WiT49 cells led to a significant increase in cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA and protein expression as well as subsequent prostaglandin E(2) synthesis. In addition, pretreatment of those cells that over expressed S1P(2) with the S1P(2) selective antagonist JTE-013 completely blocked S1P induced cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression. In accordance with these results silencing S1P(2) in WiT49 cells down-regulated S1P induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Further research in 10 Wilms tumor specimens showed that S1P(2) mRNA is greatly increased in Wilms tumor. CONCLUSIONS S1P induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in Wilms tumor and this effect was mediated by S1P(2). This finding extends the biological function of S1P(2) and provides the biochemical basis for developing inhibitors targeting the S1P/cyclooxygenase-2 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hong Li
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Adler DH, Phillips JA, Cogan JD, Iverson TM, Stein JA, Brenner DA, Morrow JD, Boutaud O, Oates JA, Boutaud O, Oates JA. The enteropathy of prostaglandin deficiency. J Gastroenterol 2009; 44 Suppl 19:1-7. [PMID: 19148786 PMCID: PMC2799331 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-008-2253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2008] [Accepted: 07/07/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small intestinal ulcers are frequent complications of therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We present here a genetic deficiency of eicosanoid biosynthesis that illuminates the mechanism of NSAID-induced ulcers of the small intestine. METHODS Eicosanoids and metabolites were measured by isotope dilution with mass spectrometry. cDNA was obtained by reverse transcription and sequenced following amplification with RT-PCR. RESULTS We investigated the cause of chronic recurrent small intestinal ulcers, small bowel perforations, and gastrointestinal blood loss in a 45-year-old man who was not taking any cyclooxygenase inhibitor. Prostaglandin metabolites in urine were significantly depressed. Serum thromboxane B2 (TxB2) production was 4.6% of normal controls (P<0.006), and serum 12-HETE was 1.3% of controls (P<0.005). Optical platelet aggregation with simultaneous monitoring of ATP release demonstrated absent granule secretion in response to ADP and a blunted aggregation response to ADP and collagen, but normal response to arachidonic acid (AA). LTB4 biosynthesis by ionophore-activated leukocytes was only 3% of controls, and urinary LTE4 was undetectable. These findings suggested deficient AA release from membrane phospholipids by cytosolic phospholipase A2-alpha (cPLA2-alpha), which regulates cyclooxygenase- and lipoxygenase-mediated eicosanoid production by catalyzing the release of their substrate, AA. Sequencing of cPLA2-alpha cDNA demonstrated two heterozygous nonsynonymous single-base-pair mutations: Ser111Pro (S111P) and Arg485His (R485H), as well as a known single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), Lys651Arg (K651R). CONCLUSIONS Characterization of this cPLA2-alpha deficiency provides support for the importance of prostaglandins in protecting small intestinal integrity and indicates that loss of prostaglandin biosynthesis is sufficient to produce small intestinal ulcers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David H. Adler
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University. 536 RRB, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA, Phone: (615) 343-4847, Fax: (615) 322-5303,
| | - John A. Phillips
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, DD 2205 MCN, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA, Phone: (615) 322-7601, Fax: (615) 343-9951,
| | - Joy D. Cogan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, DD 2205 MCN, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA, Phone: (615) 322-7601, Fax: (615) 343-9951,
| | - Tina M. Iverson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, 461 PRB, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA, Phone: (615) 322-7817, Fax: (615) 343-6532,
| | - Jeffrey A. Stein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, Irving Pavillion, Rm 521, 161 Fort Washington Ave, New York, New York 10032, USA, Phone: (212) 305-5444, Fax: (212) 305-3542,
| | - David A. Brenner
- University of California, San Diego, Room 1318A, Biomedical Sciences Building, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, Phone: (858) 534-1501, Fax: (858) 822-0084,
| | - Jason D. Morrow
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University. 536 RRB, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA, Phone: (615) 322-4785, Fax: (615)343-9659,
| | - Olivier Boutaud
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University. 536 RRB, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA, Phone: (615) 343-7398, Fax: (615) 322-5303,
| | - John A. Oates
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University. 536 RRB, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA, Phone: (615) 343-4847, Fax: (615) 322-5303,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Glesby MJ, Hoover DR, Raiszadeh F, Lee I, Shi Q, Milne G, Sanchez SC, Gao W, Kaplan RC, Morrow JD, Anastos K. Oxidant stress in HIV-infected women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Antivir Ther 2009. [PMID: 19812438 PMCID: PMC2760028 DOI: 10.3851/1290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidant stress contributes to the pathogenesis of multiple conditions and can be assessed by measuring plasma F(2)-isoprostane concentrations. We hypothesized that oxidant stress is associated with plasma homocysteine concentration and risk factors for atherosclerosis in HIV-infected women. METHODS We measured plasma F(2)-isoprostane concentrations in a cross-sectional study of 249 HIV-infected women attending the Bronx (NY, USA) site of the Women's Interagency HIV Study and assessed associations with plasma homocysteine concentration and other metabolic parameters by linear regression. RESULTS In multivariate analysis, hepatitis C virus (HCV) viraemia, waist circumference, homocysteine concentration and serum aspartate aminotransferase level were positively associated with log F(2)-isoprostane concentration (all P<0.005). There was a trend for an inverse association between log F(2)-isoprostane and CD4(+) T-cell percentage (P=0.06). Among women with HCV infection, the FIB-4 index, an indirect marker of liver fibrosis derived from routine laboratory tests, was positively associated with log F(2)-isoprostane concentration. CONCLUSIONS In this cross-sectional study of HIV-infected women, plasma F(2)-isoprostane concentration was positively associated with homocysteine concentration, as well as HCV infection, abdominal obesity and aspartate aminotransferase level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marshall J. Glesby
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Donald R. Hoover
- Department of Statistics and Biostatistics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Farbod Raiszadeh
- Department of Medicine, St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Qiuhu Shi
- Data Solutions, LLC, Bronx, NY, School of Public Health, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | - Ginger Milne
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Wei Gao
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Robert C. Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Jason D. Morrow
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Kathryn Anastos
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chung CP, Titova D, Oeser A, Randels M, Avalos I, Milne GL, Morrow JD, Stein CM. Oxidative stress in fibromyalgia and its relationship to symptoms. Clin Rheumatol 2008; 28:435-8. [PMID: 19089486 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-008-1072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2008] [Revised: 10/03/2008] [Accepted: 11/27/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of fibromyalgia. We examined the hypothesis that oxidative stress was increased in patients with fibromyalgia and related to the severity of symptoms. Urinary F(2)-isoprostane excretion was measured in 48 patients with fibromyalgia and compared to those of 96 control subjects. In patients, we examined the association between oxidative stress and symptoms. Patients with fibromyalgia were significantly more symptomatic than control subjects, but urinary F(2)-isoprostane excretion did not differ significantly (2.3+/-1.9 vs. 2.8+/-2.2 ng/mg creatinine, p=0.16). In patients with fibromyalgia, F(2)-isoprostane excretion was associated with fatigue visual analog scale (rho=0.30, p=0.04) but not with pain, quality of life, functional capacity, depression, number of tender points, or overall impact of fibromyalgia. Oxidative stress is not increased in patients with fibromyalgia, but as was previously found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, oxidative stress was associated with fatigue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia P Chung
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Brown AM, Morrow JD, Limbird LE, Byrne DW, Gabbe SG, Balser JR, Brown NJ. Centralized oversight of physician-scientist faculty development at Vanderbilt: early outcomes. Acad Med 2008; 83:969-75. [PMID: 18820531 PMCID: PMC3780596 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0b013e3181850950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In 2000, faced with a national concern over the decreasing number of physician-scientists, Vanderbilt School of Medicine established the institutionally funded Vanderbilt Physician-Scientist Development (VPSD) program to provide centralized oversight and financial support for physician-scientist career development. In 2002, Vanderbilt developed the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded Vanderbilt Clinical Research Scholars (VCRS) program using a similar model of centralized oversight. The authors evaluate the impact of the VPSD and VCRS programs on early career outcomes of physician-scientists. METHOD Physician-scientists who entered the VPSD or VCRS programs from 2000 through 2006 were compared with Vanderbilt physician-scientists who received NIH career development funding during the same period without participating in the VPSD or VCRS programs. RESULTS Seventy-five percent of VPSD and 60% of VCRS participants achieved individual career award funding at a younger age than the comparison cohort. This shift to career development award funding at a younger age among VPSD and VCRS scholars was accompanied by a 2.6-fold increase in the number of new K awards funded and a rate of growth in K-award dollars at Vanderbilt that outpaced the national rate of growth in K-award funding. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of the early outcomes of the VPSD and VCRS programs suggests that centralized oversight can catalyze growth in the number of funded physician-scientists at an institution. Investment in this model of career development for physician-scientists may have had an additive effect on the recruitment and retention of talented trainees and junior faculty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail M Brown
- Programs of Clinical and Translational Scientist Development and Biomedical Research Education and Training, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Signore C, Aros S, Morrow JD, Troendle J, Conley MR, Flanigan EY, Cassorla F, Mills JL. Markers of oxidative stress and systemic vasoconstriction in pregnant women drinking > or =48 g of alcohol per day. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2008; 32:1893-8. [PMID: 18715278 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00773.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The precise pathway by which alcohol causes the characteristic features of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders is unknown. Proposed mechanisms for fetal injury from maternal alcohol use include cellular damage from oxidative stress and impaired fetal oxygenation related to maternal systemic vasoconstriction. Our objective was to compare the levels of urinary markers of oxidative stress and systemic vasoconstriction between women consuming large amounts of alcohol during pregnancy and women who did not drink alcohol during pregnancy. METHODS Pregnant women consuming > or =48 g alcohol per day (n = 29) on average and pregnant women who abstained from alcohol use (n = 39) were identified using detailed interviews and home visits. Random maternal urine specimens were collected. Urinary levels of the oxidative stress marker, 8-isoprostane F2alpha, and of the vasoactive prostaglandin metabolites, 2,3-dinor-6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha (a vasodilator) and 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (a vasoconstrictor), were measured using mass spectrometric methods. All analyte levels were corrected for urinary creatinine. RESULTS In crude analyses, there was no significant difference in 8-isoprostane F2alpha between pregnant drinkers and nondrinkers (2.16 vs. 2.08 ng/mg creatinine, respectively, p = 0.87). There were no significant differences between the drinking and nondrinking groups in levels of 2,3-dinor-6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha (1.03 vs. 1.17 ng/mg creatinine, respectively, p = 0.50), 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (0.72 vs. 0.59 ng/mg creatinine, respectively, p = 0.21), or the ratio of vasodilatory metabolite to vasoconstrictive metabolite (1.73 vs. 2.72, respectively, p = 0.14). Adjusting for maternal age, marital status, smoking, and gestational age at sampling did not substantially alter the results. CONCLUSION Our results show no difference in levels of urinary eicosanoid markers of oxidative stress and systemic vasoconstriction between pregnant women who drink heavily and pregnant women who abstain. These findings speak against a role for maternal oxidative stress or systemic vasoconstriction in the pathogenesis of alcohol damage to the fetus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Signore
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Block G, Jensen CD, Morrow JD, Holland N, Norkus EP, Milne GL, Hudes M, Dalvi TB, Crawford PB, Fung EB, Schumacher L, Harmatz P. The effect of vitamins C and E on biomarkers of oxidative stress depends on baseline level. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 45:377-84. [PMID: 18455517 PMCID: PMC2750000 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2008] [Revised: 03/25/2008] [Accepted: 04/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is elevated in obesity, and may be a major mechanism for obesity-related diseases. Nonsmokers (n=396) were randomized to 1000 mg/day vitamin C, 800 IU/day vitamin E, or placebo, for 2 months. Treatment effect was examined in multiple regression analyses using an intention-to-treat approach. Vitamin C (P=0.001) and vitamin E (P=0.043) reduced plasma F2-isoprostanes. In the overall sample, changes from baseline were +6.8, -10.6, and -3.9% for placebo, vitamin C, and vitamin E groups, respectively. However, a significant interaction with baseline F2-isoprostane was found. When baseline F2-isoprostane was >50 microg/mL, vitamin C reduced F2-isoprostane by 22% (P=0.01). Vitamin E reduced it by 9.8% (P=0.46). Below that cut point, neither treatment produced further reductions. F2-isoprostane>50 microg/mL was strongly associated with obesity, and was present in 42% of the sample. Change in malondialdehyde concentration was minimal. These findings suggest a role for vitamin C in reducing lipid peroxidation. Future research on effects of vitamins C or E on plasma F2-isoprostane should limit participants to those with baseline levels >50 mug/mL. Further studies are needed to establish whether treatment with vitamins C or E in persons with concentrations above that cut point could slow the development of cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gladys Block
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Musiek ES, Brooks JD, Joo M, Brunoldi E, Porta A, Zanoni G, Vidari G, Blackwell TS, Montine TJ, Milne GL, McLaughlin B, Morrow JD. Electrophilic cyclopentenone neuroprostanes are anti-inflammatory mediators formed from the peroxidation of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:19927-35. [PMID: 18490445 PMCID: PMC2459280 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m803625200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) possesses potent anti-inflammatory properties and has shown therapeutic benefit in numerous inflammatory diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms of these anti-inflammatory properties are poorly understood. DHA is highly susceptible to peroxidation, which yields an array of potentially bioactive lipid species. One class of compounds are cyclopentenone neuroprostanes (A(4)/J(4)-NPs), which are highly reactive and similar in structure to anti-inflammatory cyclopentenone prostaglandins. Here we show that a synthetic A(4)/J(4)-NP, 14-A(4)-NP (A(4)-NP), potently suppresses lipopolysaccharideinduced expression of inducible nitric-oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in macrophages. Furthermore, A(4)-NP blocks lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-kappaB activation via inhibition of Ikappa kinase-mediated phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha. Mutation on Ikappa kinase beta cysteine 179 markedly diminishes the effect of A(4)-NP, suggesting that A(4)-NP acts via thiol modification at this residue. Accordingly, the effects of A(4)-NP are independent of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and are dependent on an intact reactive cyclopentenone ring. Interestingly, free radical-mediated oxidation of DHA greatly enhances its anti-inflammatory potency, an effect that closely parallels the formation of A(4)/J(4)-NPs. Furthermore, chemical reduction or conjugation to glutathione, both of which eliminate the bioactivity of A(4)-NP, also abrogate the anti-inflammatory effects of oxidized DHA. Thus, we have demonstrated that A(4)/J(4)-NPs, formed via the oxidation of DHA, are potent inhibitors of NF-kappaB signaling and may contribute to the anti-inflammatory actions of DHA. These findings have implications for understanding the anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 fatty acids, and elucidate novel interactions between lipid peroxidation products and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik S Musiek
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, and Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Adler DH, Cogan JD, Phillips JA, Schnetz-Boutaud N, Milne GL, Iverson T, Stein JA, Brenner DA, Morrow JD, Boutaud O, Oates JA. Inherited human cPLA(2alpha) deficiency is associated with impaired eicosanoid biosynthesis, small intestinal ulceration, and platelet dysfunction. J Clin Invest 2008; 118:2121-31. [PMID: 18451993 DOI: 10.1172/jci30473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha (cPLA2alpha) hydrolyzes arachidonic acid from cellular membrane phospholipids, thereby providing enzymatic substrates for the synthesis of eicosanoids, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Considerable understanding of cPLA2alpha function has been derived from investigations of the enzyme and from cPLA2alpha-null mice, but knowledge of discrete roles for this enzyme in humans is limited. We investigated a patient hypothesized to have an inherited prostanoid biosynthesis deficiency due to his multiple, complicated small intestinal ulcers despite no use of cyclooxygenase inhibitors. Levels of thromboxane B2 and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid produced by platelets and leukotriene B4 released from calcium ionophore-activated blood were markedly reduced, indicating defective enzymatic release of the arachidonic acid substrate for the corresponding cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenases. Platelet aggregation and degranulation induced by adenosine diphosphate or collagen were diminished but were normal in response to arachidonic acid. Two heterozygous single base pair mutations and a known SNP were found in the coding regions of the patient's cPLA2alpha genes (p.[Ser111Pro]+[Arg485His; Lys651Arg]). The total PLA2 activity in sonicated platelets was diminished, and the urinary metabolites of prostacyclin, prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin D2, and thromboxane A2 were also reduced. These findings characterize what we believe is a novel inherited deficiency of cPLA2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David H Adler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Dostalek M, Hardy KD, Milne GL, Morrow JD, Chen C, Gonzalez FJ, Gu J, Ding X, Johnson DA, Johnson JA, Martin MV, Guengerich FP. Development of oxidative stress by cytochrome P450 induction in rodents is selective for barbiturates and related to loss of pyridine nucleotide-dependent protective systems. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:17147-57. [PMID: 18442974 PMCID: PMC2427356 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m802447200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Revised: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress have been considered in a variety of disease models, and cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes have been suggested to be a source of ROS. Induction of P450s by phenobarbital (PB), beta-naphthoflavone (betaNF), or clofibrate in a mouse model increased ROS parameters in the isolated liver microsomes, but isoniazid treatment did not. However, when F(2)-isoprostanes (F(2)-IsoPs) were measured in tissues and urine, PB showed the strongest effect and betaNF had a measurable but weaker effect. The same trend was seen when an Nfr2-based transgene reporter sensitive to ROS was analyzed in the mice. This pattern had been seen earlier with F(2)-IsoPs both in vitro and in vivo with rats (Dostalek, M., Brooks, J. D., Hardy, K. D., Milne, G. L., Moore, M. M., Sharma, S., Morrow, J. D., and Guengerich, F. P. (2007) Mol. Pharmacol. 72, 1419-1424). One possibility for the general in vitro-in vivo discrepancy in oxidative stress found in both mice and rats is that PB treatment might attenuate protective systems. One potential candidate suggested by an mRNA microarray was nicotinamide N-methyltransferase. PB was found to elevate nicotinamide N-methyltransferase activity 3- to 4-fold in mice and rats and to attenuate levels of NAD(+), NADP(+), NADH, and NADPH in both species (20-40%), due to the enhanced excretion of (N-methyl)nicotinamide. PB also down-regulated glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, which together constitute a key enzymatic system that uses NADPH in protecting against oxidative stress. These multiple effects on the protective systems are proposed to be more important than P450 induction in oxidative stress and emphasize the importance of studying in vivo models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Dostalek
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, and Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Il'yasova D, Ivanova A, Morrow JD, Cesari M, Pahor M. Correlation between two markers of inflammation, serum C-reactive protein and interleukin 6, and indices of oxidative stress in patients with high risk of cardiovascular disease. Biomarkers 2008; 13:41-51. [PMID: 17852073 DOI: 10.1080/13547500701617708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
As evidence of the involvement of inflammation and oxidative damage in pathogenesis of age-related chronic diseases is growing, epidemiologists need to develop measures of both conditions to study their relationships in human populations. One way of searching for appropriate biomarkers is to examine correlations between different inflammatory markers and oxidative indices. We examined cross-sectional correlations between two inflammatory markers, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6, and three oxidative indices, plasma levels of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene, and urinary levels of 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-15-F2t-isoprostane (F2-IsoP), in 60 individuals at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Correlations between the biomarkers were examined graphically and using the Pearson correlation coefficient. No correlation was found between plasma levels of alpha-tocopherol and either of the inflammatory markers. Plasma beta-carotene inversely correlated with IL-6 (r = -0.46, p=0.0002) and CRP (r = -0.41, p = 0.001). Although urinary F2-IsoP did not correlate with IL-6, this biomarker positively correlated with CRP (r = 0.31, p = 0.002). As only urinary F2-IsoP levels have been validated against known oxidative assaults, their positive association with CRP levels is interpreted as evidence of an interconnection between low-level inflammation and oxidative status. Urinary levels of F2-IsoP and serum levels of CRP represent appropriate biomarkers for future studies of inflammation and oxidative status in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dora Il'yasova
- Duke Comprehensive Cancer Center, 2424 Erwin Rd, Hock Bldg, Ste 602, Box 2949, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Long EK, Murphy TC, Leiphon LJ, Watt J, Morrow JD, Milne GL, Howard JRH, Picklo MJ. Trans-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal is a neurotoxic product of docosahexaenoic (22:6; n-3) acid oxidation. J Neurochem 2008; 105:714-24. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.05175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
46
|
McAnulty SR, McAnulty LS, Nieman DC, Quindry JC, Hosick PA, Hudson MH, Still L, Henson DA, Milne GL, Morrow JD, Dumke CL, Utter AC, Triplett NT, Dibarnardi A. Chronic quercetin ingestion and exercise-induced oxidative damage and inflammation. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2008; 33:254-62. [DOI: 10.1139/h07-177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is a flavonoid compound that has been demonstrated to be a potent antioxidant in vitro. The objective of this study was to evaluate if quercetin ingestion would increase plasma antioxidant measures and attenuate increases in exercise-induced oxidative damage. Forty athletes were recruited and randomized to quercetin or placebo. Subjects consumed 1000 mg quercetin or placebo each day for 6 weeks before and during 3 d of cycling at 57% work maximum for 3 h. Blood was collected before and immediately after exercise each day, and analyzed for F2-isoprostanes, nitrite, ferric-reducing ability of plasma, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, and C-reactive protein. Statistical analyses involved a 2 (treatment) × 6 (times) repeated measures analysis of variance to test main effects. F2-isoprostanes, nitrite, ferric-reducing ability of plasma, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, and C-reactive protein were significantly elevated as a result of exercise, but no group effects were found. Despite previous data demonstrating potent antioxidant actions of quercetin in vitro, this study indicates that this effect is absent in vivo and that chronic quercetin ingestion does not exert protection from exercise-induced oxidative stress and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven R. McAnulty
- Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Lisa S. McAnulty
- Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - David C. Nieman
- Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - John C. Quindry
- Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Peter A. Hosick
- Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Matthew H. Hudson
- Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Laura Still
- Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dru A. Henson
- Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ginger L. Milne
- Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jason D. Morrow
- Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Charles L. Dumke
- Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alan C. Utter
- Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nan T. Triplett
- Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Adrianna Dibarnardi
- Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
McAnulty SR, Hosick PA, McAnulty LS, Quindry JC, Still L, Hudson MB, Dibarnardi AN, Milne GL, Morrow JD, Austin MD. Effect of pharmacological lowering of plasma urate on exercise-induced oxidative stress. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2008; 32:1148-55. [PMID: 18059589 DOI: 10.1139/h07-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Urate is a metabolic end product of purine metabolism that contributes about 66% of the antioxidant capacity of plasma. The objective of this study was to evaluate the importance of plasma urate as an antioxidant using pharmacological lowering and examining the impact on plasma antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress after intense exercise. Fifteen subjects ran for 45 min at approximately 80% VO2 max under the influence of probenecid (1 g/d) (PRO) or placebo (PLA) in a double-blind, crossover design. Blood samples obtained at baseline, pre-exercise, and immediately post-exercise were analyzed for F2-isoprostanes, lipid hydroperoxides (LHs), ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), urate, ascorbate (AA), and nitrite. A 2 (group)x2 (time) repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), one-way ANOVA, Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison tests, and Student's t tests were used for statistical analysis. PRO exhibited lowered urate and FRAP compared with baseline (p<or=0.05), and group effects existed for the exercise trials (p=0.023 and p<or=0.001, respectively) versus PLA. F2-isoprostanes, nitrite, and AA were increased after exercise (p=0.004, p=0.001, and p=0.003, respectively), but the pattern of change was not different between treatments. This study indicates that plasma markers of exercise-induced oxidative stress were not affected by below-normal physiological concentrations of urate and a diminished antioxidant capacity within the plasma compartment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S R McAnulty
- Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Montine TJ, Quinn J, Kaye J, Morrow JD. F(2)-isoprostanes as biomarkers of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. J Mol Neurosci 2008; 33:114-9. [PMID: 17901555 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-007-0044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 11/30/1999] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a syndrome caused by a few uncommon mutations that lead to early-onset disease, occurs in adults with Down's syndrome, but is by far most commonly seen as a late-onset disease with multiple risk factors but no causative factors yet identified. Emerging data suggests a chronic disease model for AD with latency, prodrome, and dementia stages together lasting decades. Free radical damage to lipids in brain is one pathogenic process of AD that may be quantified with F(2)-isoprostanes (IsoPs). Whereas brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) F(2)-IsoPs are reproducibly elevated in AD patients at both dementia and prodromal stages of disease, plasma and urine F(2)-IsoPs are not reproducibly increased in AD patients. CSF F(2)-IsoPs may be used to assist in diagnosis and aid in objective assessment of disease progression and response to therapeutics in patients with AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Cuddihy SL, Ali SS, Musiek ES, Lucero J, Kopp SJ, Morrow JD, Dugan LL. Prolonged α-Tocopherol Deficiency Decreases Oxidative Stress and Unmasks α-Tocopherol-dependent Regulation of Mitochondrial Function in the Brain. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:6915-24. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m702572200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
|
50
|
Affiliation(s)
- Ginger L Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|