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Anderson EK, Baker CJ, Bertsche W, Bhatt NM, Bonomi G, Capra A, Carli I, Cesar CL, Charlton M, Christensen A, Collister R, Cridland Mathad A, Duque Quiceno D, Eriksson S, Evans A, Evetts N, Fabbri S, Fajans J, Ferwerda A, Friesen T, Fujiwara MC, Gill DR, Golino LM, Gomes Gonçalves MB, Grandemange P, Granum P, Hangst JS, Hayden ME, Hodgkinson D, Hunter ED, Isaac CA, Jimenez AJU, Johnson MA, Jones JM, Jones SA, Jonsell S, Khramov A, Madsen N, Martin L, Massacret N, Maxwell D, McKenna JTK, Menary S, Momose T, Mostamand M, Mullan PS, Nauta J, Olchanski K, Oliveira AN, Peszka J, Powell A, Rasmussen CØ, Robicheaux F, Sacramento RL, Sameed M, Sarid E, Schoonwater J, Silveira DM, Singh J, Smith G, So C, Stracka S, Stutter G, Tharp TD, Thompson KA, Thompson RI, Thorpe-Woods E, Torkzaban C, Urioni M, Woosaree P, Wurtele JS. Observation of the effect of gravity on the motion of antimatter. Nature 2023; 621:716-722. [PMID: 37758891 PMCID: PMC10533407 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Einstein's general theory of relativity from 19151 remains the most successful description of gravitation. From the 1919 solar eclipse2 to the observation of gravitational waves3, the theory has passed many crucial experimental tests. However, the evolving concepts of dark matter and dark energy illustrate that there is much to be learned about the gravitating content of the universe. Singularities in the general theory of relativity and the lack of a quantum theory of gravity suggest that our picture is incomplete. It is thus prudent to explore gravity in exotic physical systems. Antimatter was unknown to Einstein in 1915. Dirac's theory4 appeared in 1928; the positron was observed5 in 1932. There has since been much speculation about gravity and antimatter. The theoretical consensus is that any laboratory mass must be attracted6 by the Earth, although some authors have considered the cosmological consequences if antimatter should be repelled by matter7-10. In the general theory of relativity, the weak equivalence principle (WEP) requires that all masses react identically to gravity, independent of their internal structure. Here we show that antihydrogen atoms, released from magnetic confinement in the ALPHA-g apparatus, behave in a way consistent with gravitational attraction to the Earth. Repulsive 'antigravity' is ruled out in this case. This experiment paves the way for precision studies of the magnitude of the gravitational acceleration between anti-atoms and the Earth to test the WEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Anderson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - C J Baker
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - W Bertsche
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington, UK.
| | - N M Bhatt
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - G Bonomi
- University of Brescia, Brescia and INFN Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Capra
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - I Carli
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C L Cesar
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Charlton
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - A Christensen
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - R Collister
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - A Cridland Mathad
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - D Duque Quiceno
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - S Eriksson
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - A Evans
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - N Evetts
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - S Fabbri
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Accelerator and Technology Sector, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Fajans
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - A Ferwerda
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - T Friesen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - D R Gill
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - L M Golino
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - M B Gomes Gonçalves
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - P Granum
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J S Hangst
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - M E Hayden
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - D Hodgkinson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - E D Hunter
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - C A Isaac
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - M A Johnson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington, UK
| | - J M Jones
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - S A Jones
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S Jonsell
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Khramov
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics, British Columbia Institute of Technology, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - N Madsen
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - L Martin
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - D Maxwell
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - J T K McKenna
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - S Menary
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - T Momose
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M Mostamand
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - P S Mullan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Nauta
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - A N Oliveira
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J Peszka
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Powell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - C Ø Rasmussen
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Robicheaux
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - R L Sacramento
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Sameed
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Accelerator Systems Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Sarid
- Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel
- Department of Physics, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - J Schoonwater
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - D M Silveira
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J Singh
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - G Smith
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C So
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - G Stutter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - T D Tharp
- Physics Department, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - K A Thompson
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - R I Thompson
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - E Thorpe-Woods
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - C Torkzaban
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - M Urioni
- University of Brescia, Brescia and INFN Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - P Woosaree
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - J S Wurtele
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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2
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Sanders LM, Allen JC, Blankenship J, Decker EA, Christ-Erwin M, Hentges EJ, Jones JM, Mohamedshah FY, Ohlhorst SD, Ruff J, Wegner J. Implementing the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans: Recommendations for a path forward. J Food Sci 2021; 86:5087-5099. [PMID: 34877654 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) provide science-based recommendations for healthy dietary patterns to promote health and reduce risk of chronic diseases. Yet, since their inception in 1980 and updates every 5 years, Americans fall short of meeting dietary recommendations and diet-related chronic diseases continue to be a public health concern. In May of 2021, the Institute of Food Technologists and the Department of Food Science at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, convened a diverse group of thought leaders in health, nutrition, and food science to identify opportunities and approaches to improve consumer adoption of the DGA recommendations. The invited leaders collaborated in roundtable discussions to develop recommendations and strategies to promote adoption of the DGA recommendations after hearing sessions on the latest consumer trends, advances in food science and technology, and effective communications approaches. Participants agreed that changes in consumer behaviors and heightened interest in health due to the novel coronavirus pandemic have created an opportune time to engage consumers about healthy eating. Communications must be simple, tailored to the consumer, and delivered by influencer(s)/spokesperson(s) who are credible sources and share personal values. Innovations in food science and technology have enabled improvements in the safety, health, acceptability, affordability, and availability of foods but opportunities to provide more options to enhance consumption of desired food groups, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, remain. Moving Americans toward healthier dietary patterns aligned with DGA recommendations will require collaborations within the food sector and beyond to achieve broad scale amplification and investment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Sanders
- Cornerstone Nutrition, LLC, Battle Creek, Chicago, Michigan, USA
| | - Jonathan C Allen
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, Annapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Eric A Decker
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Eric J Hentges
- Formerly with International Life Sciences Institute, North America, Virginia, USA
| | - Julie M Jones
- Department of Nutrition & Exercise Science, St. Catherine University, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - John Ruff
- Institute of Food Technologists, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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3
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Sanders LM, Allen JC, Blankenship J, Decker EA, Christ-Erwin M, Hentges EJ, Jones JM, Mohamedshah FY, Ohlhorst SD, Ruff J, Wegner J. Implementing the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans: Recommendations for a Path Forward. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab136. [PMID: 34901694 PMCID: PMC8662785 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) provide science-based recommendations for healthy dietary patterns to promote health and reduce risk of chronic diseases. Yet, since their inception in 1980 and updates every 5 y, Americans fall short of meeting dietary recommendations and diet-related chronic diseases continue to be a public health concern. In May of 2021, the Institute of Food Technologists and the Department of Food Science at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, convened a diverse group of thought leaders in health, nutrition, and food science to identify opportunities and approaches to improve consumer adoption of the DGA recommendations. The invited leaders collaborated in roundtable discussions to develop recommendations and strategies to promote adoption of the DGA recommendations after hearing sessions on the latest consumer trends, advances in food science and technology, and effective communications approaches. Participants agreed that changes in consumer behaviors and heightened interest in health due to the novel coronavirus pandemic have created an opportune time to engage consumers about healthy eating. Communications must be simple, tailored to the consumer, and delivered by influencer(s)/spokesperson(s) who are credible sources and share personal values. Innovations in food science and technology have enabled improvements in the safety, health, acceptability, affordability, and availability of foods, but opportunities to provide more options to enhance consumption of desired food groups, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, remain. Moving Americans toward healthier dietary patterns aligned with DGA recommendations will require collaborations within the food sector and beyond to achieve broad-scale amplification and investment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan C Allen
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Eric A Decker
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - Eric J Hentges
- Retired, formerly with International Life Sciences Institute, North America, VA, USA
| | - Julie M Jones
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Science, St. Catherine University, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | | | - John Ruff
- Institute of Food Technologists, Chicago, IL, USA
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4
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Baker CJ, Bertsche W, Capra A, Cesar CL, Charlton M, Mathad AC, Eriksson S, Evans A, Evetts N, Fabbri S, Fajans J, Friesen T, Fujiwara MC, Grandemange P, Granum P, Hangst JS, Hayden ME, Hodgkinson D, Isaac CA, Johnson MA, Jones JM, Jones SA, Jonsell S, Kurchaninov L, Madsen N, Maxwell D, McKenna JTK, Menary S, Momose T, Mullan P, Olchanski K, Olin A, Peszka J, Powell A, Pusa P, Rasmussen CØ, Robicheaux F, Sacramento RL, Sameed M, Sarid E, Silveira DM, Stutter G, So C, Tharp TD, Thompson RI, van der Werf DP, Wurtele JS. Sympathetic cooling of positrons to cryogenic temperatures for antihydrogen production. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6139. [PMID: 34686658 PMCID: PMC8536749 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The positron, the antiparticle of the electron, predicted by Dirac in 1931 and discovered by Anderson in 1933, plays a key role in many scientific and everyday endeavours. Notably, the positron is a constituent of antihydrogen, the only long-lived neutral antimatter bound state that can currently be synthesized at low energy, presenting a prominent system for testing fundamental symmetries with high precision. Here, we report on the use of laser cooled Be+ ions to sympathetically cool a large and dense plasma of positrons to directly measured temperatures below 7 K in a Penning trap for antihydrogen synthesis. This will likely herald a significant increase in the amount of antihydrogen available for experimentation, thus facilitating further improvements in studies of fundamental symmetries.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Baker
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - W Bertsche
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M12 9PL, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington, WA4 4AD, UK
| | - A Capra
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - C L Cesar
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Brazil
| | - M Charlton
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - A Cridland Mathad
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - S Eriksson
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - A Evans
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - N Evetts
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - S Fabbri
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M12 9PL, UK
| | - J Fajans
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-7300, USA
| | - T Friesen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - M C Fujiwara
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - P Grandemange
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - P Granum
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - J S Hangst
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - M E Hayden
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - D Hodgkinson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M12 9PL, UK
| | - C A Isaac
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - M A Johnson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M12 9PL, UK
| | - J M Jones
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - S A Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - S Jonsell
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Kurchaninov
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - N Madsen
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - D Maxwell
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - J T K McKenna
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - S Menary
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - T Momose
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - P Mullan
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - K Olchanski
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - A Olin
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - J Peszka
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - A Powell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - P Pusa
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, UK
| | - C Ø Rasmussen
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - F Robicheaux
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - R L Sacramento
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Brazil
| | - M Sameed
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M12 9PL, UK
| | - E Sarid
- Soreq NRC, 81800, Yavne, Israel
- Department of Physics, Ben Gurion University, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - D M Silveira
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Brazil
| | - G Stutter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - C So
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - T D Tharp
- Physics Department, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-1881, USA
| | - R I Thompson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - D P van der Werf
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - J S Wurtele
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-7300, USA
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Jones JM, Hu YD, Eid MA, Sensenig CJ, Mehta KS, Goldwag JL, Barnes JA, Kang R, Barry MJ, Spangler EL, Nelson PR, Mureebe L, Tang G, Tzeng E, Alabi O, Halpern VJ, Stone DH, Brooke BS, Moore K, Henke P, Scali S, O'Connell J, Goodney PP. Short-Term Concerns Primarily Determine Patient Preference for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair. J Surg Res 2021; 269:119-128. [PMID: 34551368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair may be performed through open or endovascular approaches, but the factors influencing a patient's repair-type preference are not well characterized. Here we performed a qualitative analysis to better understand factors influencing patient preference within the Preference for Open Versus Endovascular Repair of AAA Trial. METHODS Open-ended responses regarding primary (n = 21) and secondary (n = 47) factors influencing patient preference underwent qualitative analysis using the constant comparative method with iterative reviews. Codes were used to generate themes and themes grouped into categories, with each step conducted via consensus agreement between three researchers. Relative prevalence of themes were compared to ascertain trends in patient preference. RESULTS Patient responses regarding both primary and secondary factors fell into four categories: Short-term concerns, long-term concerns, advice & experience, and other. Patients most frequently described short-term concerns (23) as their primary influence, with themes including post-op complications, hospitalization & recovery, and intraoperative concerns. Long-term concerns were more prevalent (20) as secondary factors, which included themes such as survival, and chronic management. The average age of patients voicing only long-term concerns as a primary factor was 11 years younger than those listing only short-term concerns. CONCLUSION Short-term concerns relating to the procedure and recovery are more often the primary factor influencing patient preference, while long term concerns play a more secondary role. Long-term concerns are more often a primary factor in younger patients. Vascular surgeons should consider this information in shared decision making to reach an optimal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Jones
- The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Y D Hu
- The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - M A Eid
- Department of Surgery and VA Outcomes Group, White River Junction VA Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; Department of Surgery and VA Outcomes Group, White River Junction VA Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont
| | | | - K S Mehta
- Department of Surgery and VA Outcomes Group, White River Junction VA Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont
| | - J L Goldwag
- Department of Surgery and VA Outcomes Group, White River Junction VA Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont
| | - J A Barnes
- Department of Surgery and VA Outcomes Group, White River Junction VA Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont
| | - R Kang
- Department of Surgery and VA Outcomes Group, White River Junction VA Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - M J Barry
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Shared Decision Making, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - P R Nelson
- Muskogee VAMC, Muskogee, Okla; Tampa VAMC, Tampa Bay, Florida
| | | | - G Tang
- Seattle VAMC, Seattle, Washington
| | - E Tzeng
- Pittsburgh VAMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - O Alabi
- Atlanta VAMC, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - D H Stone
- Department of Surgery and VA Outcomes Group, White River Junction VA Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | | | - K Moore
- The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - P Henke
- Ann Arbor VAMC, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - S Scali
- Gainesville VAMC, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - P P Goodney
- Department of Surgery and VA Outcomes Group, White River Junction VA Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; Department of Surgery and VA Outcomes Group, White River Junction VA Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont.
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6
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Baker CJ, Bertsche W, Capra A, Carruth C, Cesar CL, Charlton M, Christensen A, Collister R, Mathad AC, Eriksson S, Evans A, Evetts N, Fajans J, Friesen T, Fujiwara MC, Gill DR, Grandemange P, Granum P, Hangst JS, Hardy WN, Hayden ME, Hodgkinson D, Hunter E, Isaac CA, Johnson MA, Jones JM, Jones SA, Jonsell S, Khramov A, Knapp P, Kurchaninov L, Madsen N, Maxwell D, McKenna JTK, Menary S, Michan JM, Momose T, Mullan PS, Munich JJ, Olchanski K, Olin A, Peszka J, Powell A, Pusa P, Rasmussen CØ, Robicheaux F, Sacramento RL, Sameed M, Sarid E, Silveira DM, Starko DM, So C, Stutter G, Tharp TD, Thibeault A, Thompson RI, van der Werf DP, Wurtele JS. Laser cooling of antihydrogen atoms. Nature 2021; 592:35-42. [PMID: 33790445 PMCID: PMC8012212 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The photon-the quantum excitation of the electromagnetic field-is massless but carries momentum. A photon can therefore exert a force on an object upon collision1. Slowing the translational motion of atoms and ions by application of such a force2,3, known as laser cooling, was first demonstrated 40 years ago4,5. It revolutionized atomic physics over the following decades6-8, and it is now a workhorse in many fields, including studies on quantum degenerate gases, quantum information, atomic clocks and tests of fundamental physics. However, this technique has not yet been applied to antimatter. Here we demonstrate laser cooling of antihydrogen9, the antimatter atom consisting of an antiproton and a positron. By exciting the 1S-2P transition in antihydrogen with pulsed, narrow-linewidth, Lyman-α laser radiation10,11, we Doppler-cool a sample of magnetically trapped antihydrogen. Although we apply laser cooling in only one dimension, the trap couples the longitudinal and transverse motions of the anti-atoms, leading to cooling in all three dimensions. We observe a reduction in the median transverse energy by more than an order of magnitude-with a substantial fraction of the anti-atoms attaining submicroelectronvolt transverse kinetic energies. We also report the observation of the laser-driven 1S-2S transition in samples of laser-cooled antihydrogen atoms. The observed spectral line is approximately four times narrower than that obtained without laser cooling. The demonstration of laser cooling and its immediate application has far-reaching implications for antimatter studies. A more localized, denser and colder sample of antihydrogen will drastically improve spectroscopic11-13 and gravitational14 studies of antihydrogen in ongoing experiments. Furthermore, the demonstrated ability to manipulate the motion of antimatter atoms by laser light will potentially provide ground-breaking opportunities for future experiments, such as anti-atomic fountains, anti-atom interferometry and the creation of antimatter molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Baker
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - W Bertsche
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington, UK
| | - A Capra
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C Carruth
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - C L Cesar
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Charlton
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - A Christensen
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - A Cridland Mathad
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - S Eriksson
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - A Evans
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - N Evetts
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J Fajans
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - T Friesen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - D R Gill
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - P Grandemange
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - P Granum
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J S Hangst
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - W N Hardy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M E Hayden
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - D Hodgkinson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - E Hunter
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - C A Isaac
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - M A Johnson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington, UK
| | - J M Jones
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - S A Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S Jonsell
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Khramov
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics, British Columbia Institute of Technology, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - P Knapp
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - N Madsen
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - D Maxwell
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - J T K McKenna
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S Menary
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J M Michan
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - T Momose
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - P S Mullan
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - J J Munich
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - A Olin
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J Peszka
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - A Powell
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - P Pusa
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - C Ø Rasmussen
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Robicheaux
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - R L Sacramento
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Sameed
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - E Sarid
- Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel
- Department of Physics, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - D M Silveira
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - D M Starko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C So
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - G Stutter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - T D Tharp
- Physics Department, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - A Thibeault
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculté de Génie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - R I Thompson
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - D P van der Werf
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - J S Wurtele
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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7
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Allen N, O'Sullivan K, Jones JM. The most influential papers in mitral valve surgery; a bibliometric analysis. J Cardiothorac Surg 2020; 15:175. [PMID: 32690042 PMCID: PMC7370429 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-020-01214-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is an analysis of the 100 most cited articles in mitral valve surgery. A bibliometric analysis is a tool to evaluate research performance in a given field. It uses the number of times a publication is cited by others as a proxy marker of its impact. The most cited paper Carpentier et al. discusses mitral valve repair in terms of restoring the geometry of the entire valve rather than simply narrowing the annulus (Carpentier, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 86:23–37, 1983). The first successful mitral valve repair was performed by Elliot Cutler at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in 1923 (Cohn et al., Ann Cardiothorac Surg 4:315, 2015). More recently percutaneous and minimally invasive techniques that were originally designed as an option for high risk patients are being trialled in other patient groups (Hajar, Heart Views 19:160–3, 2018). Comparison of percutaneous method with open repair represents an expanding area of research (Hajar, Heart Views 19:160–3, 2018). This study will analyse the top 100 cited papers relevant to mitral valve surgery, identifying the most influential papers that guide current management, the institutions that produce them and the authors involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Allen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, 274 Grosvenor Road, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK.
| | - K O'Sullivan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, 274 Grosvenor Road, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK
| | - J M Jones
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, 274 Grosvenor Road, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK
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8
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Bunton-Stasyshyn RKA, Wagnon JL, Wengert ER, Barker BS, Faulkner A, Wagley PK, Bhatia K, Jones JM, Maniaci MR, Parent JM, Goodkin HP, Patel MK, Meisler MH. Prominent role of forebrain excitatory neurons in SCN8A encephalopathy. Brain 2019; 142:362-375. [PMID: 30601941 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo mutations of the sodium channel gene SCN8A result in an epileptic encephalopathy with refractory seizures, developmental delay, and elevated risk of sudden death. p.Arg1872Trp is a recurrent de novo SCN8A mutation reported in 14 unrelated individuals with epileptic encephalopathy that included seizure onset in the prenatal or infantile period and severe verbal and ambulatory comorbidities. The major biophysical effect of the mutation was previously shown to be impaired channel inactivation accompanied by increased current density. We have generated a conditional mouse mutation in which expression of this severe gain-of-function mutation is dependent upon Cre recombinase. Global activation of p.Arg1872Trp by EIIa-Cre resulted in convulsive seizures and lethality at 2 weeks of age. Neural activation of the p.Arg1872Trp mutation by Nestin-Cre also resulted in early onset seizures and death. Restriction of p.Arg1872Trp expression to excitatory neurons using Emx1-Cre recapitulated seizures and juvenile lethality between 1 and 2 months of age. In contrast, activation of p.Arg1872Trp in inhibitory neurons by Gad2-Cre or Dlx5/6-Cre did not induce seizures or overt neurological dysfunction. The sodium channel modulator GS967/Prax330 prolonged survival of mice with global expression of R1872W and also modulated the activity of the mutant channel in transfected cells. Activation of the p.Arg1872Trp mutation in adult mice was sufficient to generate seizures and death, indicating that successful therapy will require lifelong treatment. These findings provide insight into the pathogenic mechanism of this gain-of-function mutation of SCN8A and identify excitatory neurons as critical targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacy L Wagnon
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eric R Wengert
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, USA
| | - Bryan S Barker
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, USA
| | - Alexa Faulkner
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pravin K Wagley
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, USA
| | - Kritika Bhatia
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Julie M Jones
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marissa R Maniaci
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jack M Parent
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Howard P Goodkin
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, USA
| | - Manoj K Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, USA
| | - Miriam H Meisler
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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9
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Hosseini SH, Jones JM, Vatanparast H. Association between Grain Intake, Nutrient Intake, and Diet Quality of Canadians: Evidence from the Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition 2015. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081937. [PMID: 31426505 PMCID: PMC6722608 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The new Canada's Food Guide (CFG) recommends whole grains foods as the primary choice of grain products in the daily diet. This study examined whether higher shares of whole-grain consumption, beyond the recommended levels (i.e., above half) of the daily grain intake, are linked with optimal diet quality and intakes of some key nutrients, for both children and adolescents and adults in Canada. To meet the objective of this study, we used the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)-Nutrition 2015, which is a nationally representative data. We employed the propensity score matching (PSM) method in this study. PSM estimates the exposure effect when a set of individuals are exposed to a specific treatment (food group intake in this study) in a non-experimental setting. The results of our analyses implied that a high consumption of whole grains is associated with a good diet quality. However, after a certain level of whole-grain consumption, no significant differences can be observed in diet quality scores of children and adolescents and adults. Moreover, it was observed that the proportion of obese and overweight individuals was significantly lower among adults that had balanced intakes of whole and non-whole grains. The results of logistic regression analyses also showed the probability of being obese and overweight is significantly lower in the case of adults with balanced intakes of grains. However, no significant differences were observed in the prevalence of obesity and overweight across whole grains consumption patterns for children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed H Hosseini
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Julie M Jones
- Professor Emerita of Foods Nutrition, St. Catherine University, St. Paul, MN 55105, USA
| | - Hassan Vatanparast
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.
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10
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Bernstein LJ, D'Amico DN, Richard NM, McCready DR, Howell D, Jones JM, Edelstein K. Abstract PD6-01: Prevalence and predictors of self-reported memory ability in a large sample of breast cancer survivors. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-pd6-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: A substantial subset of women previously treated for breast cancer report deficits in cognitive abilities such as memory. Cancer-related cognitive dysfunction (CRCD) has been linked to a variety of factors including chemotherapy. However, the reported prevalence of symptoms is variable and investigations of CRCD correlates in large samples are limited. This study aimed to 1) investigate whether the prevalence of patient-reported memory problems differs as a function of having received chemotherapy and time-since-treatment; and 2) identify additional factors associated with patient-reported memory in a large sample of breast cancer survivors.
Method: In this cross-sectional cohort study, self-administered questionnaires including those assessing memory (Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire) and lifestyle behaviors were mailed to 1500 disease-free breast cancer survivors from three time-since-treatment cohorts (early: 6-18 months, middle: 2-4 years, or late: 5-12 years post-treatment). Demographic and clinical information was collected and confirmed from chart review. The prevalence of clinically significant memory dysfunction was estimated using published normative cut-off scores. We tested whether chemotherapy and time-since-treatment affected memory (analysis of variance), or increased the risk of significant memory dysfunction (odds ratio chi-squared test). Using a forward stepwise regression model, we explored whether patient characteristics (age, education, comorbidities, concussion history, adverse life events), type of treatment (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy), or lifestyle behaviors (adherence to a Mediterranean diet, physical activity, sleep efficiency, stress management practices) were associated with patient-reported memory.
Results: 773 questionnaire packages were returned (mean age=60.4±11.7). 436 (56%) survivors had received chemotherapy (Ch+), and 337 (44%) had not (Ch-). 314 (41%) were early survivors, 244 (32%) were middle, and 215 (28%) were late. Ch+ reported poorer memory than Ch- (F(1, 764)=12.752, p<0.001), with no effect of time-since-treatment or interaction. Prevalence of significant memory dysfunction was higher in Ch+ (28%) than in Ch- (15%) (OR=2.130, 95% CI 1.479-3.066). Younger age and history of concussion were significantly associated with worse patient-reported memory (p=0.002, p<0.001). Unlike chemotherapy (p=0.018), neither radiation nor hormonal treatment was a significant predictor of memory symptoms. Increased physical activity (p=0.002) and higher sleep efficiency (p<0.001) were associated with better memory. Survivors reporting greater memory symptoms also reported greater use of stress management techniques (p=0.026).
Conclusion: This large study indicates that chemotherapy doubles the risk of memory symptoms up to at least 10 years post-treatment. Results also point to sleep hygiene and physical activity as potentially meaningful targets for self-management training to reduce CRCD in breast cancer survivors.
Citation Format: Bernstein LJ, D'Amico DN, Richard NM, McCready DR, Howell D, Jones JM, Edelstein K. Prevalence and predictors of self-reported memory ability in a large sample of breast cancer survivors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD6-01.
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Affiliation(s)
- LJ Bernstein
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - DN D'Amico
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - NM Richard
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - DR McCready
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - D Howell
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - JM Jones
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - K Edelstein
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
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11
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Fong AJ, Jones JM, Faulkner G, Sabiston CM. Exploring cancer centres for physical activity and sedentary behaviour support for breast cancer survivors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:e365-e372. [PMID: 30464686 DOI: 10.3747/co.25.3858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Up to 90% of breast cancer survivors report low levels of physical activity (pa) and spend approximately 70% of the day in sedentary behaviour. Survivors might not be receiving information about the health benefits of pa and the consequences of sedentary behaviour in the context of their cancer. The primary purpose of the present study was to evaluate cancer centres for pa and sedentary behaviour information and infrastructure. A secondary aim was to evaluate the quality of the information that is accessible to breast cancer survivors in cancer centres. Methods A built-environment scan of the 14 regional cancer centres in Ontario and an evaluation of the text materials about pa available at the cancer centres were completed. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, proportions, and inter-rater reliability. Results The infrastructure of the cancer centres provided few opportunities for dissemination of information related to pa through signs and printed notices. Televisions were present in all waiting rooms, which could provide a unique opportunity for dissemination of information about pa and sedentary behaviour. Text materials were rated as trustworthy, used some behaviour change techniques (for example, information about the consequences of lack of pa, barrier identification, and setting graded tasks), and were aesthetically pleasing. Conclusions These findings represent areas for knowledge dissemination both for the centre and for resources that could be further improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Fong
- At the time of the study: Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON; currently: School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON
| | - J M Jones
- Cancer Rehabilitation and Survivorship Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | - G Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - C M Sabiston
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
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12
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Ahmadi M, Alves BXR, Baker CJ, Bertsche W, Capra A, Carruth C, Cesar CL, Charlton M, Cohen S, Collister R, Eriksson S, Evans A, Evetts N, Fajans J, Friesen T, Fujiwara MC, Gill DR, Hangst JS, Hardy WN, Hayden ME, Hunter ED, Isaac CA, Johnson MA, Jones JM, Jones SA, Jonsell S, Khramov A, Knapp P, Kurchaninov L, Madsen N, Maxwell D, McKenna JTK, Menary S, Michan JM, Momose T, Munich JJ, Olchanski K, Olin A, Pusa P, Rasmussen CØ, Robicheaux F, Sacramento RL, Sameed M, Sarid E, Silveira DM, Starko DM, Stutter G, So C, Tharp TD, Thompson RI, van der Werf DP, Wurtele JS. Observation of the 1S-2P Lyman-α transition in antihydrogen. Nature 2018; 561:211-215. [PMID: 30135588 PMCID: PMC6786973 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In 1906, Theodore Lyman discovered his eponymous series of transitions in the extreme-ultraviolet region of the atomic hydrogen spectrum1,2. The patterns in the hydrogen spectrum helped to establish the emerging theory of quantum mechanics, which we now know governs the world at the atomic scale. Since then, studies involving the Lyman-α line-the 1S-2P transition at a wavelength of 121.6 nanometres-have played an important part in physics and astronomy, as one of the most fundamental atomic transitions in the Universe. For example, this transition has long been used by astronomers studying the intergalactic medium and testing cosmological models via the so-called 'Lyman-α forest'3 of absorption lines at different redshifts. Here we report the observation of the Lyman-α transition in the antihydrogen atom, the antimatter counterpart of hydrogen. Using narrow-line-width, nanosecond-pulsed laser radiation, the 1S-2P transition was excited in magnetically trapped antihydrogen. The transition frequency at a field of 1.033 tesla was determined to be 2,466,051.7 ± 0.12 gigahertz (1σ uncertainty) and agrees with the prediction for hydrogen to a precision of 5 × 10-8. Comparisons of the properties of antihydrogen with those of its well-studied matter equivalent allow precision tests of fundamental symmetries between matter and antimatter. Alongside the ground-state hyperfine4,5 and 1S-2S transitions6,7 recently observed in antihydrogen, the Lyman-α transition will permit laser cooling of antihydrogen8,9, thus providing a cold and dense sample of anti-atoms for precision spectroscopy and gravity measurements10. In addition to the observation of this fundamental transition, this work represents both a decisive technological step towards laser cooling of antihydrogen, and the extension of antimatter spectroscopy to quantum states possessing orbital angular momentum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ahmadi
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - B X R Alves
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - C J Baker
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - W Bertsche
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington, UK
| | - A Capra
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C Carruth
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - C L Cesar
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Charlton
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - S Cohen
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | - S Eriksson
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - A Evans
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - N Evetts
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J Fajans
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - T Friesen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - D R Gill
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J S Hangst
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - W N Hardy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M E Hayden
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - E D Hunter
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - C A Isaac
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - M A Johnson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington, UK
| | - J M Jones
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - S A Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - S Jonsell
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Khramov
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - P Knapp
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - N Madsen
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - D Maxwell
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - S Menary
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J M Michan
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Momose
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - J J Munich
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - A Olin
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - P Pusa
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - C Ø Rasmussen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - F Robicheaux
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - R L Sacramento
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Sameed
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - D M Silveira
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - D M Starko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - G Stutter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - C So
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - T D Tharp
- Physics Department, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - R I Thompson
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - D P van der Werf
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- IRFU, CEA/Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - J S Wurtele
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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13
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Ahmadi M, Alves BXR, Baker CJ, Bertsche W, Capra A, Carruth C, Cesar CL, Charlton M, Cohen S, Collister R, Eriksson S, Evans A, Evetts N, Fajans J, Friesen T, Fujiwara MC, Gill DR, Hangst JS, Hardy WN, Hayden ME, Isaac CA, Johnson MA, Jones JM, Jones SA, Jonsell S, Khramov A, Knapp P, Kurchaninov L, Madsen N, Maxwell D, McKenna JTK, Menary S, Momose T, Munich JJ, Olchanski K, Olin A, Pusa P, Rasmussen CØ, Robicheaux F, Sacramento RL, Sameed M, Sarid E, Silveira DM, Stutter G, So C, Tharp TD, Thompson RI, van der Werf DP, Wurtele JS. Characterization of the 1S-2S transition in antihydrogen. Nature 2018; 557:71-75. [PMID: 29618820 PMCID: PMC6784861 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In 1928, Dirac published an equation 1 that combined quantum mechanics and special relativity. Negative-energy solutions to this equation, rather than being unphysical as initially thought, represented a class of hitherto unobserved and unimagined particles-antimatter. The existence of particles of antimatter was confirmed with the discovery of the positron 2 (or anti-electron) by Anderson in 1932, but it is still unknown why matter, rather than antimatter, survived after the Big Bang. As a result, experimental studies of antimatter3-7, including tests of fundamental symmetries such as charge-parity and charge-parity-time, and searches for evidence of primordial antimatter, such as antihelium nuclei, have high priority in contemporary physics research. The fundamental role of the hydrogen atom in the evolution of the Universe and in the historical development of our understanding of quantum physics makes its antimatter counterpart-the antihydrogen atom-of particular interest. Current standard-model physics requires that hydrogen and antihydrogen have the same energy levels and spectral lines. The laser-driven 1S-2S transition was recently observed 8 in antihydrogen. Here we characterize one of the hyperfine components of this transition using magnetically trapped atoms of antihydrogen and compare it to model calculations for hydrogen in our apparatus. We find that the shape of the spectral line agrees very well with that expected for hydrogen and that the resonance frequency agrees with that in hydrogen to about 5 kilohertz out of 2.5 × 1015 hertz. This is consistent with charge-parity-time invariance at a relative precision of 2 × 10-12-two orders of magnitude more precise than the previous determination 8 -corresponding to an absolute energy sensitivity of 2 × 10-20 GeV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ahmadi
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - B X R Alves
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - C J Baker
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - W Bertsche
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington, UK
| | - A Capra
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C Carruth
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - C L Cesar
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Charlton
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - S Cohen
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - R Collister
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - S Eriksson
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - A Evans
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - N Evetts
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J Fajans
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - T Friesen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M C Fujiwara
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - D R Gill
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J S Hangst
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - W N Hardy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M E Hayden
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C A Isaac
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - M A Johnson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington, UK
| | - J M Jones
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - S A Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - S Jonsell
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Khramov
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - P Knapp
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - L Kurchaninov
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - N Madsen
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - D Maxwell
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - J T K McKenna
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - S Menary
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - T Momose
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J J Munich
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - K Olchanski
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - A Olin
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - P Pusa
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - C Ø Rasmussen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - F Robicheaux
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - R L Sacramento
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Sameed
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - D M Silveira
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G Stutter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - C So
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - T D Tharp
- Physics Department, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - R I Thompson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - D P van der Werf
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- IRFU, CEA/Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - J S Wurtele
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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14
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Mina DS, Sabiston CM, Au D, Fong AJ, Capozzi LC, Langelier D, Chasen M, Chiarotto J, Tomasone JR, Jones JM, Chang E, Culos-Reed SN. Connecting people with cancer to physical activity and exercise programs: a pathway to create accessibility and engagement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:149-162. [PMID: 29719431 DOI: 10.3747/co.25.3977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent guidelines concerning exercise for people with cancer provide evidence-based direction for exercise assessment and prescription for clinicians and their patients. Although the guidelines promote exercise integration into clinical care for people with cancer, they do not support strategies for bridging the guidelines with related resources or programs. Exercise program accessibility remains a challenge in implementing the guidelines, but that challenge might be mitigated with conceptual frameworks ("pathways") that connect patients with exercise-related resources. In the present paper, we describe a pathway model and related resources that were developed by an expert panel of practitioners and researchers in the field of exercise and rehabilitation in oncology and that support the transition from health care practitioner to exercise programs or services for people with cancer. The model acknowledges the nuanced distinctions between research and exercise programming, as well as physical activity promotion, that, depending on the available programming in the local community or region, might influence practitioner use. Furthermore, the pathway identifies and provides examples of processes for referral, screening, medical clearance, and programming for people after a cancer diagnosis. The pathway supports the implementation of exercise guidelines and should serve as a model of enhanced care delivery to increase the health and well-being of people with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Santa Mina
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education and.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.,Cancer Rehabilitation and Survivorship, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON
| | - C M Sabiston
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education and
| | - D Au
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education and.,Cancer Rehabilitation and Survivorship, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON
| | - A J Fong
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education and
| | - L C Capozzi
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB
| | - D Langelier
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB
| | - M Chasen
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education and
| | - J Chiarotto
- Department of Medicine, Scarborough and Rouge Hospital, Toronto, ON
| | - J R Tomasone
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON
| | - J M Jones
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.,Cancer Rehabilitation and Survivorship, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON
| | - E Chang
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.,Cancer Rehabilitation and Survivorship, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON.,Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, ON
| | - S N Culos-Reed
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB.,Department of Psychosocial Resources, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB
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15
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Peña-Bautista RJ, Hernandez-Espinosa N, Jones JM, Guzmán C, Braun HJ. CIMMYT Series on Carbohydrates, Wheat, Grains, and Health: Wheat-Based Foods: Their Global and Regional Importance in the Food Supply, Nutrition, and Health,. CEREAL FOOD WORLD 2017. [DOI: 10.1094/cfw-62-5-0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hans J. Braun
- Global Wheat Program, CIMMYT
- Corresponding author. CIMMYT, Global Wheat Program, Km 45 Carretera México-Veracruz, El Batán, Texcoco, C.P. 56130, Estado de México, México
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16
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Jones JM, Peña RJ, Korczak R, Braun HJ. CIMMYT Series on Carbohydrates, Wheat, Grains, and Health: Role of Carbohydrates and Grains in Nutrition and Neurological Disorders: Headache, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and Depression,. CEREAL FOOD WORLD 2017. [DOI: 10.1094/cfw-62-4-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hans J. Braun
- Global Wheat Program, CIMMYT
- Corresponding author. CIMMYT, Global Wheat Program, Km 45 Carretera México-Veracruz, El Batán, Texcoco, C.P. 56130, Estado de México, México
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17
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Jones JM, Clemens RA. Cereals 17 Symposium: Introductory Brain Teaser for the Cereal Chemist—How Do We Categorize Processed and Ultraprocessed Foods? CEREAL FOOD WORLD 2017. [DOI: 10.1094/cfw-62-4-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger A. Clemens
- USC School of Pharmacy, International Center for Regulatory Science, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
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18
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger A. Clemens
- USC School of Pharmacy, International Center for Regulatory Science, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
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19
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Jones JM, Korczak R, Peña RJ, Braun HJ. CIMMYT Series on Carbohydrates, Wheat, Grains, and Health: Impact of Minerals, Phytochemicals, Specific Grain-Based Foods, and Dietary Patterns on Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, and Parkinson's Disease. CEREAL FOOD WORLD 2017. [DOI: 10.1094/cfw-62-3-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hans J. Braun
- Global Wheat Program, CIMMYT
- Corresponding author. CIMMYT, Global Wheat Program, Km 45 Carretera México-Veracruz, El Batán, Texcoco, C.P. 56130, Estado de México, México
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20
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Jones JM, Korczak R, Peña RJ, Braun HJ. CIMMYT Series on Carbohydrates, Wheat, Grains, and Health: Carbohydrates and Vitamins from Grains and Their Relationships to Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, and Parkinson's Disease. CEREAL FOOD WORLD 2017. [DOI: 10.1094/cfw-62-2-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hans J. Braun
- Global Wheat Program, CIMMYT
- Corresponding author. CIMMYT, Global Wheat Program, Km 45 Carretera México-Veracruz, El Batán, Texcoco, C.P. 56130, Estado de México, México
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21
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Jones JM, Peña RJ, Korczak R, Braun HJ. CIMMYT Series on Carbohydrates, Wheat, Grains, and Health: Carbohydrates, Grains, and Whole Grains and Disease Prevention. Part IV. Cancer Risk: Lung, Prostate, and Stomach. CEREAL FOOD WORLD 2017. [DOI: 10.1094/cfw-62-1-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hans J. Braun
- Global Wheat Program, CIMMYT
- Corresponding author. CIMMYT, Global Wheat Program, Km 45 Carretera México-Veracruz, El Batán, Texcoco, C.P. 56130, Estado de México, México
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22
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Naik H, Qiu X, Brown MC, Eng L, Pringle D, Mahler M, Hon H, Tiessen K, Thai H, Ho V, Gonos C, Charow R, Pat V, Irwin M, Herzog L, Ho A, Xu W, Jones JM, Howell D, Liu G. Socioeconomic status and lifestyle behaviours in cancer survivors: smoking and physical activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:e546-e555. [PMID: 28050143 DOI: 10.3747/co.23.3166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Smoking cessation and increased physical activity (pa) have been linked to better outcomes in cancer survivors. We assessed whether socioeconomic factors influence changes in those behaviours after a cancer diagnosis. METHODS As part of a cross-sectional study, a diverse group of cancer survivors at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Toronto, ON), completed a questionnaire about past and current lifestyle behaviours and perceptions about the importance of those behaviours with respect to their health. The influence of socioeconomic indicators on smoking status and physical inactivity at 1 year before and after diagnosis were assessed using multivariable logistic regression with adjustment for clinico-demographic factors. RESULTS Of 1222 participants, 1192 completed the smoking component. Of those respondents, 15% smoked before diagnosis, and 43% of those smokers continued to smoke after. The proportion of survivors who continued to smoke increased with lower education level (p = 0.03). Of the 1106 participants answering pa questions, 39% reported being physically inactive before diagnosis, of whom 82% remained inactive afterward. Survivors with a lower education level were most likely to remain inactive after diagnosis (p = 0.003). Lower education level, household income, and occupation were associated with the perception that pa had no effect or could worsen fatigue and quality of life (p ≤ 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In cancer survivors, education level was a major modifier of smoking and pa behaviours. Lower socioeconomic status was associated with incorrect perceptions about pa. Targeting at-risk survivors by education level should be evaluated as a strategy in cancer survivorship programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Naik
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto
| | - X Qiu
- Biostatistics, Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto
| | - M C Brown
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto
| | - L Eng
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto
| | - D Pringle
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto
| | - M Mahler
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto
| | - H Hon
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto
| | - K Tiessen
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto
| | - H Thai
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto
| | - V Ho
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto
| | - C Gonos
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto
| | - R Charow
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto
| | - V Pat
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto
| | - M Irwin
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto
| | - L Herzog
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto
| | - A Ho
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto
| | - W Xu
- Biostatistics, Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto
| | - J M Jones
- Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto and
| | - D Howell
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto
| | - G Liu
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto;; Medicine and Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
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23
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Jones JM, Peña RJ, Korczak R, Braun HJ. CIMMYT Series on Carbohydrates, Wheat, Grains, and Health: Carbohydrates, Grains, and Whole Grains and Disease Prevention. Part III. Cancer Risk: Overview, Breast, and Colorectal. CEREAL FOOD WORLD 2016. [DOI: 10.1094/cfw-61-6-0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hans J. Braun
- Global Wheat Program, CIMMYT
- Corresponding author. CIMMYT, Global Wheat Program, Km 45 Carretera México-Veracruz, El Batán, Texcoco, C.P. 56130, Estado de México, México
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24
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Abstract
BXSB mice, a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), were treated with two different doses of fludarabine for a four-week period and examined two weeks after the final dose. Control mice were treated with saline or cyclophosphamide. Mice treated with fludarabine had a significant reduction in renal pathology compared to control mice. Fludarabine-treated mice also had an almost 10-fold increase in percentile of CD8+CD25+ T cells in the spleen and a smaller but significant increase in CD4+CD25+ cells. Mice treated with cyclophosphamide had a greater leucopenia compared to the other groups and a significant reduction in percentile of B220+ cells in peripheral blood and spleen. Serum autoantibody levels to dsDNA did not differ significantly among the groups, but were higher in 4/10 mice treated with fludarabine. Although few trials of fludarabine for human SLE have been conducted, additional studies may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Y Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida All Children's Hospital, St Petersburg, Florida 33701, USA.
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25
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Korczak R, Jones JM, Peña RJ, Braun HJ. CIMMYT Series on Carbohydrates, Wheat, Grains, and Health: Carbohydrates and Their Grain Sources: A Review on Their Relationships to Brain Health. CEREAL FOOD WORLD 2016. [DOI: 10.1094/cfw-61-4-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hans J. Braun
- Global Wheat Program, CIMMYT
- Corresponding author. CIMMYT, Global Wheat Program, Km 45 Carretera México-Veracruz, El Batán, Texcoco, C.P. 56130, Estado de México, México
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26
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Phillips D, Mitchell EJS, Lea-Langton AR, Parmar KR, Jones JM, Williams A. The use of conservation biomass feedstocks as potential bioenergy resources in the United Kingdom. Bioresour Technol 2016; 212:271-279. [PMID: 27107483 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A number of countries have introduced energy policies to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide which, in the case of bio-heat, has resulted in increased use of small wood burning stoves and boilers, particularly in Europe. There are issues surrounding the supply of sustainable wood feedstock, prompting a desire to utilise local biomass resources. This includes biomass generated through the management of natural woodlands in nature reserves and conservation areas. These management practices can also extend to other areas, such as raised bog wildernesses and estuary Reed beds. We term the biomass from this resource as conservation biomass. This study is concerned with the viability of this resource as a fuel within the United Kingdom, and combustion tests were carried out using a small domestic stove. It was concluded that there is as much as 500kty(-1) that could be used in this way.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Phillips
- Energy Research Institute, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, The University of Leeds, LS29JT, UK
| | - E J S Mitchell
- Energy Research Institute, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, The University of Leeds, LS29JT, UK
| | - A R Lea-Langton
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - K R Parmar
- Energy Research Institute, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, The University of Leeds, LS29JT, UK
| | - J M Jones
- Energy Research Institute, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, The University of Leeds, LS29JT, UK
| | - A Williams
- Energy Research Institute, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, The University of Leeds, LS29JT, UK.
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27
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Leute J, Huntemann N, Lipphardt B, Tamm C, Nisbet-Jones PBR, King SA, Godun RM, Jones JM, Margolis HS, Whibberley PB, Wallin A, Merimaa M, Gill P, Peik E. Frequency Comparison of [Formula: see text] Ion Optical Clocks at PTB and NPL via GPS PPP. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 2016; 63:981-985. [PMID: 26863657 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2016.2524988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We used precise point positioning, a well-established GPS carrier-phase frequency transfer method to perform a direct remote comparison of two optical frequency standards based on single laser-cooled [Formula: see text] ions operated at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL), U.K. and the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Germany. At both institutes, an active hydrogen maser serves as a flywheel oscillator which is connected to a GPS receiver as an external frequency reference and compared simultaneously to a realization of the unperturbed frequency of the (2)S1/2(F=0)-(2)D3/2(F=2) electric quadrupole transition in [Formula: see text] via an optical femtosecond frequency comb. To profit from long coherent GPS-link measurements, we extrapolate the fractional frequency difference over the various data gaps in the optical clock to maser comparisons which introduces maser noise to the frequency comparison but improves the uncertainty from the GPS-link instability. We determined the total statistical uncertainty consisting of the GPS-link uncertainty and the extrapolation uncertainties for several extrapolation schemes. Using the extrapolation scheme with the smallest combined uncertainty, we find a fractional frequency difference [Formula: see text] of -1.3×10(-15) with a combined uncertainty of 1.2×10(-15) for a total measurement time of 67 h. This result is consistent with an agreement of the frequencies realized by both optical clocks and with recent absolute frequency measurements against caesium fountain clocks within the corresponding uncertainties.
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He F, Jones JM, Figueroa-Romero C, Zhang D, Feldman EL, Goutman SA, Meisler MH, Callaghan BC, Todd PK. Screening for novel hexanucleotide repeat expansions at ALS- and FTD-associated loci. Neurol Genet 2016; 2:e71. [PMID: 27274540 PMCID: PMC4865132 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether GGGGCC (G4C2) repeat expansions at loci other than C9orf72 serve as common causes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). METHODS We assessed G4C2 repeat number in 28 genes near known ALS and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) loci by repeat-primed PCR coupled with fluorescent fragment analysis in 199 patients with ALS (17 familial, 182 sporadic) and 136 healthy controls. We also obtained blood from patients with ALS4 for evaluation of repeats surrounding the SETX gene locus. C9orf72 expansions were evaluated in parallel. RESULTS Expansions of G4C2 repeats in C9orf72 explained 8.8% of sporadic and 47% of familial ALS cases analyzed. Repeat variance was observed at one other locus, RGS14, but no large expansions were observed, and repeat sizes were not different between cases and controls. No G4C2 repeat expansions were identified at other ALS or FTD risk loci or in ALS4 cases. CONCLUSIONS G4C2 expansions near known ALS and FTD loci other than C9orf72 are not a common cause of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang He
- Department of Neurology (F.H., C.F.-R., B.C.C., E.L.F., S.A.G., P.K.T.) and Department of Human Genetics (J.M.J., M.H.M.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Veteran Association Health System (B.C.C., P.K.T.), Ann Arbor; and National Center for Biotechnology Information (D.Z.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Julie M Jones
- Department of Neurology (F.H., C.F.-R., B.C.C., E.L.F., S.A.G., P.K.T.) and Department of Human Genetics (J.M.J., M.H.M.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Veteran Association Health System (B.C.C., P.K.T.), Ann Arbor; and National Center for Biotechnology Information (D.Z.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Claudia Figueroa-Romero
- Department of Neurology (F.H., C.F.-R., B.C.C., E.L.F., S.A.G., P.K.T.) and Department of Human Genetics (J.M.J., M.H.M.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Veteran Association Health System (B.C.C., P.K.T.), Ann Arbor; and National Center for Biotechnology Information (D.Z.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology (F.H., C.F.-R., B.C.C., E.L.F., S.A.G., P.K.T.) and Department of Human Genetics (J.M.J., M.H.M.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Veteran Association Health System (B.C.C., P.K.T.), Ann Arbor; and National Center for Biotechnology Information (D.Z.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Eva L Feldman
- Department of Neurology (F.H., C.F.-R., B.C.C., E.L.F., S.A.G., P.K.T.) and Department of Human Genetics (J.M.J., M.H.M.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Veteran Association Health System (B.C.C., P.K.T.), Ann Arbor; and National Center for Biotechnology Information (D.Z.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Stephen A Goutman
- Department of Neurology (F.H., C.F.-R., B.C.C., E.L.F., S.A.G., P.K.T.) and Department of Human Genetics (J.M.J., M.H.M.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Veteran Association Health System (B.C.C., P.K.T.), Ann Arbor; and National Center for Biotechnology Information (D.Z.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Miriam H Meisler
- Department of Neurology (F.H., C.F.-R., B.C.C., E.L.F., S.A.G., P.K.T.) and Department of Human Genetics (J.M.J., M.H.M.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Veteran Association Health System (B.C.C., P.K.T.), Ann Arbor; and National Center for Biotechnology Information (D.Z.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Brian C Callaghan
- Department of Neurology (F.H., C.F.-R., B.C.C., E.L.F., S.A.G., P.K.T.) and Department of Human Genetics (J.M.J., M.H.M.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Veteran Association Health System (B.C.C., P.K.T.), Ann Arbor; and National Center for Biotechnology Information (D.Z.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Peter K Todd
- Department of Neurology (F.H., C.F.-R., B.C.C., E.L.F., S.A.G., P.K.T.) and Department of Human Genetics (J.M.J., M.H.M.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Veteran Association Health System (B.C.C., P.K.T.), Ann Arbor; and National Center for Biotechnology Information (D.Z.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Jones JM, Peña RJ, Korczak R, Braun HJ. CIMMYT Series on Carbohydrates, Wheat, Grains, and Health: Carbohydrates, Grains, and Whole Grains and Disease Prevention. Part I. Body Weight and Obesity. CEREAL FOOD WORLD 2016. [DOI: 10.1094/cfw-61-3-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hans J. Braun
- Global Wheat Program, CIMMYT
- Corresponding author. CIMMYT, Global Wheat Program, Km 45 Carretera México-Veracruz, El Batán, Texcoco, C.P. 56130, Estado de México, México
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Jones JM, Dionne L, Dell'Orco J, Parent R, Krueger JN, Cheng X, Dib-Hajj SD, Bunton-Stasyshyn RK, Sharkey LM, Dowling JJ, Murphy GG, Shakkottai VG, Shrager P, Meisler MH. Single amino acid deletion in transmembrane segment D4S6 of sodium channel Scn8a (Nav1.6) in a mouse mutant with a chronic movement disorder. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 89:36-45. [PMID: 26807988 PMCID: PMC4991781 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the neuronal sodium channel gene SCN8A are associated with lethal movement disorders in the mouse and with human epileptic encephalopathy. We describe a spontaneous mouse mutation, Scn8a(9J), that is associated with a chronic movement disorder with early onset tremor and adult onset dystonia. Scn8a(9J) homozygotes have a shortened lifespan, with only 50% of mutants surviving beyond 6 months of age. The 3 bp in-frame deletion removes 1 of the 3 adjacent isoleucine residues in transmembrane segment DIVS6 of Nav1.6 (p.Ile1750del). The altered helical orientation of the transmembrane segment displaces pore-lining amino acids with important roles in channel activation and inactivation. The predicted impact on channel activity was confirmed by analysis of cerebellar Purkinje neurons from mutant mice, which lack spontaneous and induced repetitive firing. In a heterologous expression system, the activity of the mutant channel was below the threshold for detection. Observations of decreased nerve conduction velocity and impaired behavior in an open field are also consistent with reduced activity of Nav1.6. The Nav1.6Δ1750 protein is only partially glycosylated. The abundance of mutant Nav1.6 is reduced at nodes of Ranvier and is not detectable at the axon initial segment. Despite a severe reduction in channel activity, the lifespan and motor function of Scn8a(9J/9J) mice are significantly better than null mutants lacking channel protein. The clinical phenotype of this severe hypomorphic mutant expands the spectrum of Scn8a disease to include a recessively inherited, chronic and progressive movement disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Jones
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Louise Dionne
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, United States
| | - James Dell'Orco
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Rachel Parent
- Department of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Jamie N Krueger
- Department of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Xiaoyang Cheng
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06516, United States.
| | - Sulayman D Dib-Hajj
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06516, United States
| | | | - Lisa M Sharkey
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - James J Dowling
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Geoffrey G Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Vikram G Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Peter Shrager
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Miriam H Meisler
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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Jones JM, Peña RJ, Korczak R, Braun HJ. CIMMYT Series on Carbohydrates, Wheat, Grains, and Health: Carbohydrates, Grains, and Whole Grains and Disease Prevention. Part II. Blood Pressure, Metabolic Syndrome, and Diabetes. CEREAL FOOD WORLD 2016. [DOI: 10.1094/cfw-61-3-00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hans J. Braun
- Global Wheat Program, CIMMYT
- Corresponding author. CIMMYT, Global Wheat Program, Km 45 Carretera México-Veracruz, El Batán, Texcoco, C.P. 56130, Estado de México, México
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Clemens RA, Jones JM, Kern M, Lee SY, Mayhew EJ, Slavin JL, Zivanovic S. Functionality of Sugars in Foods and Health. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2016; 15:433-470. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger A. Clemens
- USC School of Pharmacy; Intl. Center for Regulatory Science; 1540 Alcazar St., CHP 140 Los Angeles CA 90089 U.S.A
| | - Julie M. Jones
- St. Catherine Univ; 4030 Valentine Court; Arden Hills Minnesota 55112 U.S.A
| | - Mark Kern
- San Diego State Univ; School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences; 5500 Campanile Dr. San Diego CA 92182-7251 U.S.A
| | - Soo-Yeun Lee
- Univ. of Illinois at Urbana Champaign; 351 Bevier Hall MC-182, 905 S Goodwin Ave. Urbana IL 61801 U.S.A
| | - Emily J. Mayhew
- Univ. of Illinois at Urbana Champaign; 399A Bevier Hall; 905 S Goodwin Ave. Urbana IL 61801 U.S.A
| | - Joanne L. Slavin
- Univ. of Minnesota; 166 Food Science & Nutrition; 1354 Eckles Ave. Saint Paul MN 55108-1038 U.S.A
| | - Svetlana Zivanovic
- Mars Petcare; Global Applied Science and Technology; 315 Cool Springs Boulevard Franklin TN 37067 U.S.A
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Booth K, Beattie R, McBride M, Manoharan G, Spence M, Jones JM. High Risk Aortic Valve Replacement - The Challenges of Multiple Treatment Strategies with an Evolving Technology. Ulster Med J 2016; 85:18-22. [PMID: 27158160 PMCID: PMC4847840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Deciding on the optimal treatment strategy for high risk aortic valve replacement is challenging. Transcatheter Aortic Valve implantation (TAVI) has been available in our centre as an alternative treatment modality for patients since 2008. We present our early experience of TAVI and SAVR (surgical Aortic Valve Replacement) in high risk patients who required SAVR because TAVI could not be performed. METHODS The database for Surgical aortic valve and Transcatheter aortic valve replacement referrals was interrogated to identify relevant patients. RESULTS Survival to hospital discharge was 95.5% in the forty five patients who had SAVR when TAVI was deemed technically unsuitable. One year survival was 86%. CONCLUSION Defining who is appropriate for TAVI or high risk SAVR is challenging and multidisciplinary team discussion has never been more prudent in this field of evolving technology with ever decreasing risks of surgery. The introduction of TAVI at our institution has seen a rise in our surgical caseload by approximately by 25%. Overall, the option of aortic valve intervention is being offered to more patients in general which is a substantial benefit in the treatment of aortic valve disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Booth
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, 274 Grosvenor Road, Belfast, BT12 6BA
| | - R Beattie
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, 274 Grosvenor Road, Belfast, BT12 6BA
| | - M McBride
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, 274 Grosvenor Road, Belfast, BT12 6BA
| | - G Manoharan
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, 274 Grosvenor Road, Belfast, BT12 6BA
| | - M Spence
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, 274 Grosvenor Road, Belfast, BT12 6BA
| | - J M Jones
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, 274 Grosvenor Road, Belfast, BT12 6BA
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Jones JM, Peña RJ, Korczak R, Braun HJ. CIMMYT Series on Carbohydrates, Wheat, Grains, and Health: Carbohydrates, Grains, and Wheat in Nutrition and Health: Their Relation to Digestion, Digestive Disorders, Blood Glucose, and Inflammation. CEREAL FOOD WORLD 2016. [DOI: 10.1094/cfw-61-1-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hans J. Braun
- Global Wheat Program, CIMMYT
- Corresponding author. CIMMYT, Global Wheat Program, Km 45 Carretera México-Veracruz, El Batán, Texcoco, C.P. 56130, Estado de México, México
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Jones JM, Peña RJ, Korczak R, Braun HJ. CIMMYT Series on Carbohydrates, Wheat, Grains, and Health: Carbohydrates, Grains, and Wheat in Nutrition and Health: An Overview. Part II. Grain Terminology and Nutritional Contributions. CEREAL FOOD WORLD 2015. [DOI: 10.1094/cfw-60-6-0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hans J. Braun
- Global Wheat Program, CIMMYT
- Corresponding author. CIMMYT, Global Wheat Program, Km 45 Carretera México-Veracruz, El Batán, Texcoco, C.P. 56130, Estado de México, México
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Jones JM, Peña RJ, Korczak R, Braun HJ. CIMMYT Series on Carbohydrates, Wheat, Grains, and Health: Carbohydrates, Grains, and Wheat in Nutrition and Health: An Overview. Part I. Role of Carbohydrates in Health. CEREAL FOOD WORLD 2015. [DOI: 10.1094/cfw-60-5-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hans J. Braun
- Global Wheat Program, CIMMYT
- Corresponding author. CIMMYT, Global Wheat Program, Km 45 Carretera México-Veracruz, El Batán, Texcoco, C.P. 56130, Estado de México, México
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Pal D, Jones JM, Wisidagamage S, Meisler MH, Mashour GA. Reduced Nav1.6 Sodium Channel Activity in Mice Increases In Vivo Sensitivity to Volatile Anesthetics. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134960. [PMID: 26252017 PMCID: PMC4529172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nav1.6 is a major voltage-gated sodium channel in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Within neurons, the channel protein is concentrated at the axon initial segment and nodes of Ranvier, where it functions in initiation and propagation of action potentials. We examined the role of Nav1.6 in general anesthesia using two mouse mutants with reduced activity of Nav1.6, Scn8amedJ/medJ and Scn8a9J/9J. The mice were exposed to the general anesthetics isoflurane and sevoflurane in step-wise increments; the concentration required to produce loss of righting reflex, a surrogate for anesthetic-induced unconsciousness in rodents, was determined. Mice homozygous for these mutations exhibited increased sensitivity to both isoflurane and sevoflurane. The increased sensitivity was observed during induction of unconsciousness but not during the recovery phase, suggesting that the effect is not attributable to compromised systemic physiology. Electroencephalographic theta power during baseline waking was lower in mutants, suggesting decreased arousal and reduced neuronal excitability. This is the first report linking reduced activity of a specific voltage-gated sodium channel to increased sensitivity to general anesthetics in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Pal
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, 7433 Medical Science Building 1, 1150, West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Julie M. Jones
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, 4808 Medical Science Building 2, 1241 East Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Stella Wisidagamage
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, 7433 Medical Science Building 1, 1150, West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Miriam H. Meisler
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, 4808 Medical Science Building 2, 1241 East Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - George A. Mashour
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, 7433 Medical Science Building 1, 1150, West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Macdougall IC, Jones JM, Robinson MI, Miles JB, Coles GA, Williams JD. Subcutaneous erythropoietin therapy: comparison of three different sites of injection. Contrib Nephrol 2015; 88:152-6; discussion 157-8. [PMID: 2040177 DOI: 10.1159/000419525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I C Macdougall
- Institute of Nephrology, Royal Infirmary, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
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Damji AN, Bies K, Alibhai SMH, Jones JM. Bone health management in men undergoing ADT: examining enablers and barriers to care. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:951-9. [PMID: 25526712 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-014-2997-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The study determined prostate cancer specialists' knowledge and concordance to guidelines regarding the diagnosis, management, and prevention of androgen deprivation therapy-induced osteoporosis. Despite high knowledge regarding bone health, most respondents did not routinely measure bone mineral density or use fracture risk assessment tools, suggesting a significant gap in the screening/monitoring of bone health. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to determine prostate cancer specialists' knowledge, practices, self-perceived competencies and barriers to providing guideline-concordant care in the diagnosis, prevention, and management of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)-induced osteoporosis (OP). METHODS A number of 73 Canadian radiation oncologists and 83 urologists completed questionnaires assessing (i) knowledge regarding OP and consensus guidelines for bone health management in men receiving ADT, (ii) self-assessed competencies regarding bone health management, (iii) current practices regarding OP prevention and management, and (iv) self-perceived barriers to providing guideline-concordant care. RESULTS The majority of respondents were able to correctly identify the guideline-concordant frequency of repeat dual-energy X-Ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans (76.3%), vitamin D (70.3%), and calcium (53.2%) intake and that bisphosphonates/denosumab should always be considered for patients with a history of one low-trauma fracture (57.6%). Just under 1/3 (32.5%) reported routinely measuring bone mineral density (BMD) prior to starting ADT and routinely measuring BMD 1-2 years following the initiation of ADT (36.6%). Only 4.6% of respondents routinely used a validated fracture risk assessment tool. Lowest self-assessed competency levels were reported in providing self-management education to patients to foster the uptake of healthy bone behaviors (HBBs) and managing patients who present with or develop osteopenia and OP. The most significant barriers to providing OP prevention and management were lack of time and lack of supporting structures. CONCLUSIONS Despite high knowledge about appropriate bone health care among prostate cancer specialists, there remain significant gaps in screening and monitoring of bone health, suggesting the need to develop innovative strategies to overcome barriers to implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Damji
- Undergraduate Medical Education Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Zin RM, Ross AB, Jones JM, Dupont V. Hydrogen from ethanol reforming with aqueous fraction of pine pyrolysis oil with and without chemical looping. Bioresour Technol 2015; 176:257-266. [PMID: 25461011 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Reforming ethanol ('EtOH') into hydrogen rich syngas using the aqueous fraction from pine bio-oil ('AQ') as a combined source of steam and supplementary organic feed was tested in packed bed with Ni-catalysts 'A' (18wt%/α-Al2O3) and 'B' (25wt%/γ-Al2O3). The catalysts were initially pre-reduced by H2, but this was followed by a few cycles of chemical looping steam reforming, where the catalysts were in turn oxidised in air and auto-reduced by the EtOH/AQ mixture. At 600°C, EtOH/AQ reformed similarly to ethanol for molar steam to carbon ratios (S/C) between 2 and 5 on the H2-reduced catalysts. At S/C of 3.3, 90% of the carbon feed converted on catalyst A to CO2 (58%), CO (30%) and CH4 (2.7%), with 17wt% H2 yield based on dry organic feedstock, equivalent to 78% of the equilibrium value. Catalyst A maintained these outputs for four cycles while B underperformed due to partial reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Md Zin
- Energy Research Institute, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - A B Ross
- Energy Research Institute, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - J M Jones
- Energy Research Institute, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - V Dupont
- Energy Research Institute, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Godun RM, Nisbet-Jones PBR, Jones JM, King SA, Johnson LAM, Margolis HS, Szymaniec K, Lea SN, Bongs K, Gill P. Frequency ratio of two optical clock transitions in 171Yb+ and constraints on the time variation of fundamental constants. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:210801. [PMID: 25479482 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.210801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Singly ionized ytterbium, with ultranarrow optical clock transitions at 467 and 436 nm, is a convenient system for the realization of optical atomic clocks and tests of present-day variation of fundamental constants. We present the first direct measurement of the frequency ratio of these two clock transitions, without reference to a cesium primary standard, and using the same single ion of 171Yb+. The absolute frequencies of both transitions are also presented, each with a relative standard uncertainty of 6×10(-16). Combining our results with those from other experiments, we report a threefold improvement in the constraint on the time variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio, μ/μ=0.2(1.1)×10(-16) yr(-1), along with an improved constraint on time variation of the fine structure constant, α/α=-0.7(2.1)×10(-17) yr(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Godun
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - P B R Nisbet-Jones
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - J M Jones
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - S A King
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - L A M Johnson
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - H S Margolis
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - K Szymaniec
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - S N Lea
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - K Bongs
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - P Gill
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
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Wagnon JL, Korn MJ, Parent R, Tarpey TA, Jones JM, Hammer MF, Murphy GG, Parent JM, Meisler MH. Convulsive seizures and SUDEP in a mouse model of SCN8A epileptic encephalopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:506-15. [PMID: 25227913 PMCID: PMC4275076 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo mutations of the voltage-gated sodium channel gene SCN8A have recently been recognized as a cause of epileptic encephalopathy, which is characterized by refractory seizures with developmental delay and cognitive disability. We previously described the heterozygous SCN8A missense mutation p.Asn1768Asp in a child with epileptic encephalopathy that included seizures, ataxia, and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). The mutation results in increased persistent sodium current and hyperactivity of transfected neurons. We have characterized a knock-in mouse model expressing this dominant gain-of-function mutation to investigate the pathology of the altered channel in vivo. The mutant channel protein is stable in vivo. Heterozygous Scn8aN1768D/+ mice exhibit seizures and SUDEP, confirming the causality of the de novo mutation in the proband. Using video/EEG analysis, we detect ictal discharges that coincide with convulsive seizures and myoclonic jerks. Prior to seizure onset, heterozygous mutants are not defective in motor learning or fear conditioning, but do exhibit mild impairment of motor coordination and social discrimination. Homozygous mutant mice exhibit earlier seizure onset than heterozygotes and more rapid progression to death. Analysis of the intermediate phenotype of functionally hemizygous Scn8aN1768D/− mice indicates that severity is increased by a double dose of mutant protein and reduced by the presence of wild-type protein. Scn8aN1768D mutant mice provide a model of epileptic encephalopathy that will be valuable for studying the in vivo effects of hyperactive Nav1.6 and the response to therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rachel Parent
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Taylor A Tarpey
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Michael F Hammer
- Arizona Research Laboratories, Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Geoffrey G Murphy
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and
| | - Jack M Parent
- Department of Neurology VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Jones JM, Meisler MH. Modeling human epilepsy by TALEN targeting of mouse sodium channel Scn8a. Genesis 2013; 52:141-8. [PMID: 24288358 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the efficiency of TALEN technology for introducing mutations into the mouse genome we targeted Scn8a, a member of a multigene family with nine closely related paralogs. Our goal was to generate a model of early onset epileptic encephalopathy by introduction of the Scn8a missense mutation p.Asn1768Asp. We used a pair of TALENs that were highly active in transfected cells. The targeting template for homologous recombination contained a 4 kb genomic fragment. Microinjection of TALENs with the targeting construct into the pronucleus of 350 fertilized mouse eggs generated 67 live-born potential founders, of which 5 were heterozygous for the pathogenic mutation, a yield of 7% correctly targeted mice. Twenty-four mice carried one or two Scn8a indels, including 12 frameshift mutations and the novel amino acid deletion p.Asn1759del. Nine off-site mutations in the paralogs sodium channel genes Scn5a and Scn4a were identified. The data demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of targeting members of multigene families using TALENs. The Scn8a(tm) (1768DMm) mouse model will be useful for investigation of the pathogenesis and therapy of early onset seizure disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Jones
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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44
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Liu Y, Lopez-Santiago LF, Yuan Y, Jones JM, Zhang H, O'Malley HA, Patino GA, O'Brien JE, Rusconi R, Gupta A, Thompson RC, Natowicz MR, Meisler MH, Isom LL, Parent JM. Dravet syndrome patient-derived neurons suggest a novel epilepsy mechanism. Ann Neurol 2013; 74:128-39. [PMID: 23821540 DOI: 10.1002/ana.23897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuronal channelopathies cause brain disorders, including epilepsy, migraine, and ataxia. Despite the development of mouse models, pathophysiological mechanisms for these disorders remain uncertain. One particularly devastating channelopathy is Dravet syndrome (DS), a severe childhood epilepsy typically caused by de novo dominant mutations in the SCN1A gene encoding the voltage-gated sodium channel Na(v) 1.1. Heterologous expression of mutant channels suggests loss of function, raising the quandary of how loss of sodium channels underlying action potentials produces hyperexcitability. Mouse model studies suggest that decreased Na(v) 1.1 function in interneurons causes disinhibition. We aim to determine how mutant SCN1A affects human neurons using the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) method to generate patient-specific neurons. METHODS Here we derive forebrain-like pyramidal- and bipolar-shaped neurons from 2 DS subjects and 3 human controls by iPSC reprogramming of fibroblasts. DS and control iPSC-derived neurons are compared using whole-cell patch clamp recordings. Sodium current density and intrinsic neuronal excitability are examined. RESULTS Neural progenitors from DS and human control iPSCs display a forebrain identity and differentiate into bipolar- and pyramidal-shaped neurons. DS patient-derived neurons show increased sodium currents in both bipolar- and pyramidal-shaped neurons. Consistent with increased sodium currents, both types of patient-derived neurons show spontaneous bursting and other evidence of hyperexcitability. Sodium channel transcripts are not elevated, consistent with a post-translational mechanism. INTERPRETATION These data demonstrate that epilepsy patient-specific iPSC-derived neurons are useful for modeling epileptic-like hyperactivity. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized cell-autonomous epilepsy mechanism potentially underlying DS, and offer a platform for screening new antiepileptic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Departments of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI
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45
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Meisler MH, Grant AE, Jones JM, Lenk GM, He F, Todd PK, Kamali M, Albin RL, Lieberman AP, Langenecker SA, McInnis MG. C9ORF72 expansion in a family with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2013; 15:326-32. [PMID: 23551834 PMCID: PMC3660726 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role in bipolar disorder of the C9ORF72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion responsible for frontotemporal lobe dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. METHODS Eighty-nine subjects from a previously described panel of individuals with bipolar disorder ascertained for genetic studies were screened to detect expansion of the C9ORF72 repeat. One two-generation family with bipolar disorder and an expanded repeat was characterized in depth using molecular diagnostics, imaging, histopathology, and neurological and neuropsychological evaluation. RESULTS One proband, with the typical clinical presentation of bipolar disorder, carried an expanded C9ORF72 allele of heterogeneous length between 14 and 20 kilobases (kb) as assessed by Southern blot. The expanded allele was inherited from a parent with atypical, late onset clinical features of bipolar disorder, who subsequently progressed to frontotemporal lobe dementia. The expansion in peripheral blood of the parent ranged from 8.5 to 20 kb. Cultured lymphoblastoid cells from this parent exhibited a homogeneous expansion of only 8.5 kb. CONCLUSIONS The disease course in the two generations described here demonstrates that expansion of the C9ORF72 may be associated with a form of bipolar disorder that presents clinically with classic phenomenology and progression to neurodegenerative disease. The frequency in our bipolar disorder cohort was only 1%, indicating that C9ORF72 is not a major contributor to bipolar disorder. DNA from cultured cells may be biased towards shorter repeats and nonrepresentative of the endogenous C9ORF72 expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam H Meisler
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5618, USA.
| | - Adrienne E Grant
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan School of MedicineAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Julie M Jones
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan School of MedicineAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Guy M Lenk
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan School of MedicineAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fang He
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of MedicineAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter K Todd
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of MedicineAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Masoud Kamali
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of MedicineAnn Arbor, MI, USA,University of Michigan Depression CenterAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Roger L Albin
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of MedicineAnn Arbor, MI, USA,Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, VAAAHSAnn Arbor, MI, USA,Michigan Alzheimer Disease CenterAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew P Lieberman
- Michigan Alzheimer Disease CenterAnn Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Pathology, University of MichiganAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Scott A Langenecker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of MedicineAnn Arbor, MI, USA,University of Michigan Depression CenterAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Melvin G McInnis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of MedicineAnn Arbor, MI, USA,University of Michigan Depression CenterAnn Arbor, MI, USA
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Fisher EM, Dupont C, Darvell LI, Commandré JM, Saddawi A, Jones JM, Grateau M, Nocquet T, Salvador S. Combustion and gasification characteristics of chars from raw and torrefied biomass. Bioresour Technol 2012; 119:157-165. [PMID: 22728196 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Torrefaction is a mild thermal pretreatment (T<300°C) that improves biomass milling and storage properties. The impact of torrefaction on the gasification and oxidation reactivity of chars from torrefied and raw biomass was investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to study the differences in O(2) and steam reactivity, between chars prepared from torrefied and raw willow, under both high- and low-heating-rate conditions. High-heating-rate chars were prepared at 900°C with a residence time of 2s. Low-heating-rate chars were prepared with a heating rate of 33°C/min, a maximum temperature of 850 or 1000°C, and a residence time of 30 min or 1h, respectively, at the maximum temperature. Pretreatment by torrefaction consistently reduced char reactivity. Torrefaction's impact was greatest for high-heating-rate chars, reducing reactivity by a factor of two to three. The effect of torrefaction on a residence time requirements for char burnout and gasification was estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Fisher
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Upson Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Pravetoni M, Raleigh MD, Le Naour M, Tucker AM, Harmon TM, Jones JM, Birnbaum AK, Portoghese PS, Pentel PR. Co-administration of morphine and oxycodone vaccines reduces the distribution of 6-monoacetylmorphine and oxycodone to brain in rats. Vaccine 2012; 30:4617-24. [PMID: 22583811 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Opioid conjugate vaccines have shown promise in animal models as a potential treatment for opioid addiction. Individual vaccines are quite specific and each targets only a limited number of structurally similar opioids. Since opioid users can switch or transition between opioids, we studied a bivalent immunization strategy of combining 2 vaccines that could target several of the most commonly abused opioids; heroin, oxycodone and their active metabolites. Morphine (M) and oxycodone (OXY) haptens were conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) through tetraglycine (Gly)(4) linkers at the C6 position. Immunization of rats with M-KLH alone produced high titers of antibodies directed against heroin, 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) and morphine. Immunization with OXY-KLH produced high titers of antibodies against oxycodone and oxymorphone. Immunization with the bivalent vaccine produced consistently high antibody titers against both immunogens. Bivalent vaccine antibody titers against the individual immunogens were higher than with the monovalent vaccines alone owing, at least in part, to cross-reactivity of the antibodies. Administration of a single concurrent intravenous dose of 6-MAM and oxycodone to rats immunized with the bivalent vaccine increased 6-MAM, morphine and oxycodone retention in serum and reduced the distribution of 6-MAM and oxycodone to brain. Vaccine efficacy correlated with serum antibody titers for both monovalent vaccines, alone or in combination. Efficacy of the individual vaccines was not compromised by their combined use. Consistent with the enhanced titers in the bivalent group, a trend toward enhanced pharmacokinetic efficacy with the bivalent vaccine was observed. These data support the possibility of co-administering two or more opioid vaccines concurrently to target multiple abusable opioids without compromising the immunogenicity or efficacy of the individual components.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pravetoni
- Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, 600 Shapiro Building, 914 8th Street, Minneapolis, MN 55404, USA.
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Ferguson CJ, Lenk GM, Jones JM, Grant AE, Winters JJ, Dowling JJ, Giger RJ, Meisler MH. Neuronal expression of Fig4 is both necessary and sufficient to prevent spongiform neurodegeneration. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:3525-34. [PMID: 22581779 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
FIG4 is a ubiquitously expressed phosphatase that, in complex with FAB1/PIKFYVE and VAC14, regulates the biosynthesis of the signaling lipid PI(3,5)P(2). Null mutation of Fig4 in the mouse results in spongiform degeneration of brain and peripheral ganglia, defective myelination and juvenile lethality. Partial loss-of-function of human FIG4 results in a severe form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy. Neurons from null mice contain enlarged vacuoles derived from the endosome/lysosome pathway, and astrocytes accumulate proteins involved in autophagy. Other cellular defects include astrogliosis and microgliosis. To distinguish the contributions of neurons and glia to spongiform degeneration in the Fig4 null mouse, we expressed Fig4 under the control of the neuron-specific enolase promoter and the astrocyte-specific glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter in transgenic mice. Neuronal expression of Fig4 was sufficient to rescue cellular and neurological phenotypes including spongiform degeneration, gliosis and juvenile lethality. In contrast, expression of Fig4 in astrocytes prevented accumulation of autophagy markers and microgliosis but did not prevent spongiform degeneration or lethality. To confirm the neuronal origin of spongiform degeneration, we generated a floxed allele of Fig4 and crossed it with mice expressing the Cre recombinase from the neuron-specific synapsin promoter. Mice with conditional inactivation of Fig4 in neurons developed spongiform degeneration and the full spectrum of neurological abnormalities. The data demonstrate that expression of Fig4 in neurons is necessary and sufficient to prevent spongiform degeneration. Therapy for patients with FIG4 deficiency will therefore require correction of the deficiency in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Ferguson
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-6518, USA
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Jones JM, Reich KA, Raval DG. Angioedema in a 47-year-old woman with hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome. J Am Osteopath Assoc 2012; 112:90-92. [PMID: 22331803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome (HUVS) is a type III hypersensitivity reaction characterized by urticaria with persistent acquired hypocomplementemia. Although HUVS is uncommon, it is important for physicians to be familiar with this disease, as the initial presentation is often life-threatening angioedema. The author reports the case of a 47-year-old white woman with a history of HUVS. She presented to an outpatient clinic complaining of a rash and difficulty swallowing. Urticaria and angioedema were diagnosed. The patient was given epinephrine in the clinic and then transferred to the hospital. Laboratory testing confirmed urticaria, and the patient was given intravenous methylprednisolone sodium succinate and an additional dose of epinephrine. After 1 week, the patient's angioedema improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Jones
- Department of Internal Medicine, Midwestern University/Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA.
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Keast DR, O'Neil CE, Jones JM. Dried fruit consumption is associated with improved diet quality and reduced obesity in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2004. Nutr Res 2011; 31:460-7. [PMID: 21745628 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies examining potential associations between dried fruit consumption, diet quality, and weight status are lacking. The goal of this study was to examine the association of dried fruit consumption with nutrient intake, diet quality, and anthropometric indicators of overweight/obesity. A secondary analysis of dietary and anthropometric data collected from adult (19+ years) participants (n = 13 292) of the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was conducted. Dried fruit consumers were defined as those consuming amounts ⅛ cup-equivalent fruit per day or more and identified using 24-hour recalls. Diet quality was measured using the Healthy Eating Index 2005. Covariate-adjusted means, SEs, prevalence rates, and odds ratios were determined to conduct statistical tests for differences between dried fruit consumers and nonconsumers. Seven percent of the population consumed dried fruit. Mean differences (P < .01) between consumers and nonconsumers in adult shortfall nutrients were dietary fiber (+6.6 g/d); vitamins A (+173 μg retinol activity equivalent per day), E (+1.5 mg α-tocopherol per day), C (+20 mg/d), and K (+20 mg/d); calcium (+103 mg/d); phosphorus (+126 mg/d); magnesium (+72 mg/d); and potassium (+432 mg/d). Dried fruit consumers had improved MyPyramid food intake, including lower solid fats/alcohol/added sugars intake, and a higher solid fats/alcohol/added sugars score (11.1 ± 0.2 vs 8.2 ± 0.1) than nonconsumers. The total Healthy Eating Index 2005 score was significantly higher (P < .01) in consumers (59.3 ± 0.5) than nonconsumers (49.4 ± 0.3). Covariate-adjusted weight (78.2 ± 0.6 vs 80.7 ± 0.3 kg), body mass index (27.1 ± 0.2 vs 28.1 ± 0.2), and waist circumference (94.0 ± 0.5 vs 96.5 ± 0.2 cm) were lower (P < .01) in consumers than nonconsumers, respectively. Dried fruit consumption was associated with improved nutrient intakes, a higher overall diet quality score, and lower body weight/adiposity measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra R Keast
- Food & Nutrition Database Research, Inc, Okemos, MI 48864, USA
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